Bego metallid cocr

BEGO is official co-partner of the German Olympic teams at

Beijing 2008

NON-PRECIOUS ALLOYS FOR METAL-TO - CERAMIC WORK

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Page

Valuable information about BEGO NON-PRECIOUS ALLOYS

3

Clinically proven and safe BEGO NICKEL-CHROME ALLOYS

4

The nickel-free alternative BEGO COBALT-CHROME ALLOYS

5

COMBINED TOOTH REPLACEMENT MADE OF NON-PRECIOUS ALLOYS

22

Corrosion-resistant and biocompatible BEGO NON-PRECIOUS ALLOYS

6

DOUBLE CROWN REPLACEMENT MADE OF NON-PRECIOUS ALLOYS

23

Metallurgical aspects of BEGO NON-PRECIOUS ALLOYS

7

academia· dental

24

PROPERTIES OF CASTING ALLOYS

8

FAILURES AND THEIR CAUSES

25

Easy processing and a high degree of reliability BELLAVEST® SH

26

The new non-precious alloy for metal-to-ceramic work, with lighter oxide: WIRON® LIGHT

27

13-14

The non-precious metal premium alloy for metal-to-ceramic work: WIROBOND® 280

28

14 15

The ceramic system for safe and predictable pressing to metal frameworks: BeCe® PRESS

29

Partial Denture Alloys and C&B Alloys In The BEGO-SYSTEM

30

Laboratory procedure: FRAME PRODUCTION The BEGO system Making the model and the caps Modelling, crown caps made of wax Sprue system, Preparing the sprues Mixing and investing Crown and bridge investment materials Preheating and heating Bellavest® T, Bellasun, Bellavest® SH, BellaStar XL Nautilus® CC plus, Fornax® T, Fundor T Melting and casting Wirobond® 280, Wirobond® C, Wirobond® SG, Wirobond® LFC, Wiron®, Wiron® light, Wirocer plus, Wirolloy® NB Cooling the moulds, Deflasking and surface machining, Pretreatment of frame, Processing the ceramic materials

9 10 11 12

16-17 18

Laboratory procedure: METAL-TO-CERAMIC VENEERING

18 -19

JOINTING TECHNIQUES

20 -21

Focusing on the essentials The BEGO GOLD product line

SEMINARS – WORKSHOPS – COURSES AT THE

BEGO TRAINING CENTER AND academia·dental

academia · dental and BEGO TRAINING CENTER offer perfect conditions for your professional education in dental technology: > A highly qualified education team of Master Dental Technicians > High training competence in all areas > Laboratories and functional areas equipped to the highest standards > Professionally coordinated training concepts Learn more about academia · dental on page 24

2

31- 33

Valuable information about

BEGO NON-PRECIOUS ALLOYS

Temperature conductivity approx. 5 times less than gold.

Nevertheless, a dilation of 14.80 x 10-6 at 700 °C. “Historical” Wiron® advertisement from the 1960s

WIRON® METAL-CERAMICS WAS INTRODUCED AS A NEW TECHNOLOGY WORLDWIDE BACK IN 1968 “Historical” bridge of Wiron® from 1968

Historical development

BEGO‘s bibliography of literature concerning non-precious alloys.

We will gladly send you a copy on request (strietzel@bego.com).

Metal-ceramics with the nickel-base alloy Wiron® very quickly asserted itself on the international market.

Not only the favourable price, but also the outstanding material properties were decisive factors for this rapid international success.

An important factor here was that besides developing a new alloy, emphasis was placed on offering a complete, reliable processing system with matching equipment and materials.

Constant further development led to the nickel-free variant Wirobond®.

Wiron® 99 and the cobalt-chrome metal-to-ceramic alloys Wirobond® 280 as well as Wirobond® LFC represent the current state of the art. Furthermore, structures of Wirobond® C+ have been made using the SLM process (Selective Laser Melting) since 2002.

Clinical proof The entire Wirobond® and Wiron® product group has not only been clinically tested, but also clinically proven. This fine difference means security for dentists, dental technicians and in particular for patients. The prosthetic reliability, clinical suitability and corrosion resistance of these products have been investigated for many years and confirmed as good.

Over 250 scientific studies both in Germany and abroad are listed in 3

Clinically proven and safe

BEGO NICKEL-CHROME ALLOYS

Nickel and chromium as alloy components Although nickel allergies occur frequently, allergic reactions need not necessarily arise in the oral cavity when nickelchrome alloys are used. Nickel numbers among the essential elements and approximately 10 mg of it are contained in the human body. One refers to a daily intake of 0.16-0.9 mg of nickel per day through food.

These relatively high values are not even attained through the initial nickel release after integration of nickelchrome alloys. In cases of verified nickel allergy, however, one should avoid the use of nickel alloys in the oral cavity as a safety precaution.

Nickel is the main element in nickelchrome alloys, which contain approx.

75 % nickel (Wiron® 99: 65% Ni). Not the nickel concentration, but the chromium concentration is decisive for nickel release.

On the basis of clinical and experimental tests, the chromium concentration should be at least 20 percent by weight to guarantee high corrosion resistance!

BEGO‘s non-precious alloys without beryllium!

Nickel-chrome alloys with a chromium concentration of significantly less than 20 percent by weight cannot be regarded as resistant to the oral environment.

This group also includes alloys containing beryllium. Beryllium is known as a highly toxic and carcinogenic substance that may be harmful to the patient‘s health even years later.

The hazard for dental technicians begins when vapours are produced through the melting of alloys containing beryllium. The risk for dental technicians is greatest during finishing work due to unavoidable dust generation. Beryllium is a cumulating toxin, i.e. it is not excreted, in contrast to all other alloy components, and accumulates particularly in bone substance and lungs.

4

Wiron® 99 Non-precious metal alloy for metal-to-ceramic work or acrylic veneering – beryllium-free > Optimised for laser welding > Biocompatible, proven worldwide and reliable > Extremely high resistance to corrosion > Biocompatibility certified by neutral institutes > Low thermal conductivity > High modulus of elasticity > Great strength with any acceptable span > Easy finishing thanks to low hardness of 180 HV10 > Long cooling time not required: low coefficient of expansion > Reliable metal-to-ceramic bond > High heat resistance: dimensional stability during firing and soldering > Reliable processing according to proven Wiron® system

> Low thermal conductivity > Secure metal-to-ceramics bond > Reliable processing according to proven BEGO system

Wirolloy® NB Non-precious metal alloy for acrylic veneering – beryllium-free > NiCr alloy for all-cast crowns and crowns veneered with acrylic > Optimised for laser welding > Enhanced casting properties > Clinically and biologically proven

50270 Wiron® light 1000 g

Wiron® light The new non-precious alloy for metal to ceramic work, with lighter oxide – beryllium-free > Simple casting – Casting temperature only 1350 °C (2460 °F) > Preheating temperature only 800 °C (1470 °F) > Easy finishing – light-coloured, thin oxide > Risk-free working – outstanding strength values

Wirocer plus Nickel-chrome metal-to-ceramics alloy – beryllium-free > Optimised for laser welding > Economically priced through optimized fabrication process > Easy finishing thanks to moderate hardness > No long-term cooling necessary: low coefficient of expansion > Biocompatibility analysed and certified by neutral institutes

50225 Wiron® 99 1000 g

Physiology: Beryllium is a cumulating toxin and a carcinogen that has been classified as a group A2 carcinogenic substance in the list of industrial threshold limit values. Beryllium vapours cause severe damage to the lungs (so-called berylliosis), frequently with a fatal outcome. Skin and mucous membranes are very negatively affected, chronic exposure causes liver damage and enlargement of the spleen after a long period. The latency period may last up to 30 years because beryllium is not released from the organism – granulomatosis may result.

Quote: RÖMPPS Chemie Lexikon

The nickel-free alternative

BEGO COBALT-CHROME ALLOYS

Cobalt and chromium as alloy components Cobalt-chrome base alloys have dominated the trend in non-precious metal-to-ceramic alloys for several years now. This is why Wirobond® is not only a good alternative whenever a cobalt-base alloy must be used because its material properties are similar to those of partial denture alloys or because of another dental indication.

In comparison to the Wiron® alloy product group, processing is extensively identical and the material properties are similar. Otherwise Wirobond® is melted and processed like Wiron®. The bonding to the ceramic materials is secure and proven (see: Processing of ceramic materials).

Wirobond® can naturally also be veneered with acrylic as in the case of Wiron®.

50134 Wirobond® 280 1000 g

Wirobond® 280 The premium non-precious alloy – the new standard > Extremely corrosion-resistant through optimal interaction of the essential elements chromium and molybdenum > Biocompatibility certified by neutral institute > Low thermal conductivity > Great strength at any maintainable span > Easy finishing because of reduced hardness of 280 HV10 > No long-term cooling required even for large spans Exceptions: Creation (Geller AG), Reflex® (Wieland Dental + Technik GmbH & Co. KG) > Optimized for laser welding

Wirobond® C Cobalt-chrome metal-to-ceramic alloy – free of nickel and beryllium > Optimised for laser welding > Biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance thanks to firmly adhering passive layer > Biocompatibility certified by neutral institutes > Modulus of elasticity double that of precious metals > Outstanding bonding strength with ceramics > Low thermal conductivity > Trouble-free processing with BEGO system > Constant high level of quality thanks to quality assurance system

Wirobond® C+ The Wirobond® variant for making frames according to the SLM method (Selective Laser Melting) > In the laser melting process, the frames are built up layer by layer in a protective gas atmosphere > In addition, the material is fused together in such a way during the laser process that nearly 100 % homogeneity is achieved, guaranteeing optimal material properties

Wirobond SG ®

Cobalt-chrome metal-to-ceramic alloy – free of nickel and beryllium > Optimised for laser welding > Economically priced through optimized fabrication process > Biocompatibility analysed and certified by neutral institutes > Secure bonding with ceramics > High heat resistance > Low thermal conductivity > Trouble-free processing with BEGO system

50255 Wirobond® LFC 1000 g

Wirobond® LFC Veneerable cobalt-chrome alloy with wide indication range -containing no nickel or beryllium > Optimised for laser welding > Can be veneered with high-expansion, low-fusing special ceramics (e.g. CARRARA, Fa. Elephant Dental B.V.) > Highly corrosion-resistant, very low values in static immersion test > Biocompatibility tested by neutral institute > Extensive dental indications possible; also for bridges with large spans > Coefficient of thermal expansion 16.1 [10-6 x K-1], long cooling time not necessary ! > Bonding strength tested in accordance with ISO 9693 (Schwickerath test) 5

Corrosion-resistant and biocompatible

BEGO NON-PRECIOUS ALLOYS

Corrosion resistance

Biocompatibility

The composition and purity of the constituent elements are requirements for corrosion-resistant and biocompatible alloys.

The biocompatibility, i.e. the compatibility of a material with respect to natural tissue, is extraordinarily good.

For many years BEGO non-precious alloys have been scientifically observed and tested more extensively than virtually any other group of alloys.

Their reliability has been confirmed time and again.

Wirobond® and Wiron® form an extremely dense and firmly adhering passive layer that is extremely resistant, as confirmed by numerous tests on the loss of mass in non-precious alloys.

To quote from the original paper by J.Geis-Gerstorfer, H. Weber and K.-H. Sauer:

“If one compares the nickel

food and medicine intake to the nickel released from crowns, this

provided alloys classified as good in this respect are used.”

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Ion release of Wirobond® 280 in 7 days

0

100 g/cm2 in accordance with: is considered good

200

The sum of all the values below

150

10 g/cm2 in accordance with: is considered very good

6

W

Mo

The sum of all the values below 100 g/cm2 in accordance with: EN ISO 16744 : 2003 (D) is considered good

Be: 0 Mo: 0.12 Cr: 0.16 Ni: 1.29

100

EN ISO 16744 : 2003 (D)

Cr

Be

250

EN ISO 16744 : 2003 (D)

Co

Ion release in 7 days

[ g/cm2] 350 300

The sum of all the values below

50

3.5 0.41 0.67 0.56 0.12 Ga

Fig. 2: NiCr alloy with too little chromium concentration

This observation also correlates with the very high ion release of this alloy.

Therefore, this type of alloy should not be used.

release appears to be negligible,

100

Even after 5-year storage in a corrosion solution sharp grinding grooves can still be seen in the image of Wiron® 99 taken with a scanning electron micro-scope. This means that minimal corrosion has taken place and that Wiron® 99 displays outstanding passivation properties (Fig. 1).

In contrast to Wiron® 99, a NiCr alloy with only 13 % chromium shows a completely destroyed surface (Fig. 2, please note the enlarged scale).

concentrations absorbed through

[ g/cm2] 110

Fig. 1: Wiron® 99

0

0

Si

Mn

Be: 0 Mo: 1 Cr: 1 Co: 5

0 NiCr alloy containing beryllium

Wiron® 99 (NiCr alloy)

Wirobond® C (CoCr alloy)

Metallurgical aspects of

BEGO NON-PRECIOUS ALLOYS

!

The values for the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between metal and ceramics must be coordinated.

Heat resistance

Bonding strength

Modulus of elasticity It is crucial for the loadbearing capacity of a crown and bridge structure and the bond between the ceramics and the metal frame. The modulus of elasticity for non-precious alloys is nearly double as high as that for precious-metal-toceramic alloys.

This means double the security with regard to deformation due to masticatory forces with the same wax-up. The possible size of the bridge units is determined only by dental indications.

!

The higher the modulus of elasticity, the greater the force necessary for elastic deformation. The material is rigid and dimensionally stable.

Wirobond® 280 approx. 220 GPa Bio PontoStar® XL approx. 100 GPa

The bond between Wirobond®, Wiron®, Wirocer plus and ceramic material is very high. This is the result of the close cooperation with the leading manufacturers of ceramic materials.

These materials and the properties of BEGO non-precious alloys are matched to each other such that the metal-to-ceramic bond stands up to any comparison, no matter how critical.

!

The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is important for the bond between metal and ceramics. It indicates the expansion of a material at a heat rise of 1 K. Wirobond® LFC can be veneered with high-expansion special ceramics having a low fusing point (so-called LFC materials), e.g. CARRARA (Elephant BV). Coefficient of thermal expansion 16.1 [10-6 x K-1], no longterm cooling required !

Comparison of modulus of elasticity [GPa] 250

Bio PontoStar ® XL AuPt alloy

BegoPal ® 300 PdAg alloy

non-alloyed titanium

Wiron ® 99 NiCr alloy

Wirobond ® C CoCr alloy

Wirobond ® SG CoCr alloy

0

Wirobond ® 280 CoCr alloy

150

50

The mechanical properties of Wirobond®, Wiron® 99 and Wirocer plus are guarantees for dimensional stability during ceramic firing. This applies even more to Wirobond® LFC since the firing temperatures of the ceramic materials here are considerably lower (e.g.

CARRARA, Elephant BV 840-860 °C (1544 -1580 °F)).

High elongation limit

High ductile yield Reliable prevention of deformation during ceramic firing

High modulus of elasticity

200

100

Both in connection with soldering and in veneering ceramics, Wirobond®, Wiron® and Wirocer plus ensure great reliability in the avoidance of deformation since the heat resistance is considerably higher at a veneering temperature of 960 °C (1760 °F) than in the case of a metal-to-ceramic alloy with a high gold content. As a consequence, dentists can rely on accurate fit of the frame after veneering.

High melting interval

Thermal conductivity It is extremely low and protects the pulpa of the bridge abutment teeth against severe temperature stimuli, such as those that may occur with precious metal alloys.

7

PROPERTIES OF CASTING ALLOYS

Wirobond® 280, Wirobond® C, Wirobond® SG, Wirobond® LFC, Wiron® 99, Wiron® light and Wirocer plus: Non-precious alloys for veneering with ceramics or acrylic Standard values: Colour Density (g/cm3) Melting interval [°C] [°F] Casting temperature [°C] [°F]

Wirobond® C

Wirobond® SG

Wirobond® LFC

Wiron® 99

Wiron® light

Wirocer plus

silver

silver

silver

silver

silver

silver

silver

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.2

8.2

1360 -1400 1370 -1420 1370 -1420 1280 -1350 1250 -1310 (2480 - 2552) (2498 - 2588) (2498 - 2588) (2336 - 2462) (2282- 2390) approx. 1500 approx. 1500 approx. 1480 approx. 1480 approx.1450 (approx. 2730) (approx. 2730) (approx. 2700) (approx. 2700) (approx. 2640)

8.2

8.2

1200 -1280 (2190-2330) approx. 1350 (approx. 2460)

1320 -1365 (2408-2489) approx.1450 (approx. 2640)

CTE 25 - 500°C

14.0

14.0

14.1

15.9

13.8

13.8

13.8

CTE 20 -600 °C

14.2

14.2

14.3

16.1

14.0

14.1

14.0

14

6

8

11

25

10

16

Ductile yield (Rp 0.2) [MPa]

540

480

470

660

330

470

340

Tensile strength (Rm) [MPa]

680

680

650

660

650

880

620

Modulus of elasticity [GPa] approx.

220

210

200

200

205

200

200

Vickers hardness (HV10)

280

310

310

315

180

260

190

Wirobond® 280

Wirobond® C

Wirobond® SG

Wirobond® LFC

Wiron® 99

Wiron® light

Wirocer plus

Nickel (Ni)

–

–

–

–

65

64.5

65.2

Cobalt (Co)

60.2

61

61.5

33

–

–

–

Chromium (Cr)

25

26

26

30

22.5

22

22.5

Molybdenum (Mo)

4.8

6

6

5

9.5

10

9.5

Tungsten (W)

6.2

5

5

–

–

–

–

Silicon (Si)

X

X

X

X

X

2,1

X

Niobium (Nb)

–

–

–

–

X

X

X

Iron (Fe)

–

X

X

29

X

–

X

Manganese (Mn)

X

–

–

X

–

X

X

Titanium (Ti)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Cerium (Ce)

–

X

–

–

X

–

–

Carbon (C)

–

–

–

X

–

–

–

Nitrogen (N)

–

–

–

X

–

–

–

Gallium (Ga)

2.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

X

–

Wirobond® 280

Wirobond® C

Wirobond® SG

Wirobond® LFC

Wiron® 99

Wiron® light

Wirocer plus

250 g

50135

50116

50127

50256

50226

50272

–

1000 g

50134

50115

50128

50255

50225

50270

50080

Elongation limit (A5) [%]

Composition in %:

Boron (B) Availability:

8

Wirobond® 280

Laboratory procedure:

FRAME PRODUCTION

THE BEGO-SYSTEM

Alloys, e.g.

Wirobond ® 280

Investment materials, e.g. Bellavest® SH

Fully automatic casting unit Nautilus® CC plus

Desktop laser welding unit LaserStar T plus

Systematic success All BEGO non-precious alloys are processed according to the proven BEGO system. The latter comprises all materials and aids necessary for optimal work.

Every casting unit for cobalt-chrome partial denture alloys is also suitable for Wirobond®, Wiron® and Wirocer plus. Processing of non-precious alloys for crown and bridge work is similar to that for precious metal alloys. With Wiron® 99, Wiron® light, Wirocer plus, Wirobond® 280 and Wirobond® LFC longterm cooling of the ceramics, which is normally required for nonprecious alloys, is not necessary.

In addition, it was possible to lower the hardness for Wiron® 99 and Wirobond® 280 significantly: this means easier deflasking, suitability for all milling work and easy polishing.

The ceramic materials of the known manufacturers in this area of application are suitable.

Wirobond® and Wiron® alloys can, of course, also be veneered with acrylic.

Very secure soldered joints can be produced with Wirobond® (REF 52622) or Wiron® (REF 52625) solder. They are not visible after polishing and can be ceramic-veneered without any problem.

Laser welding is preferred to conventional soldering methods. The use of filler metals of the same type ensures a secure, biocompatible joint.

A company like BEGO, which has gained experience with all variants of metal-ceramics systems for a quarter of a century and conducted research and further development in this field, possesses a great deal of theoretical knowledge and practical know-how.

This know-how is passed on without reservation in ceramics courses, lectures and information sheets.

You, too, should profit from this and take advantage of the courses offered.

9

Laboratory procedure:

FRAME PRODUCTION

Making the model and the caps

20500 · Adapta deep drawing system 20520 · Adapta introductory set Content: 1 former unit with Adapta mastic, 1 foil holder, 50 Adapta foils (0.6 mm), 20 spacer foils (0.1 mm) All articles in the Adapta deep drawing system can also be ordered separately: 20504 · Former with Adapta mastic, 1 container 20510 · Foil holder 20501 · Adapta foils, 0.6 mm, 100 pcs.

20502 · Spacer foils, 0.1 mm, red, 200 pcs.

20517 · Spacer foils, 0.1 mm, transparent, 200 pcs.

20503 · Adapta mastic (spare pack)

56045 · BegoStone plus, tin, 4.5 kg 56046 · BegoStone plus, tub, 18 kg

The cap thickness should not be thinner than 0.4 mm to ensure that the wall thickness of the metal is at least 0.3 mm after deflasking. Crown caps are made quickly and without any problem with the Adapta deep drawing system.

The Adapta deep drawing system

The Adapta cap should be cut off around 1 mm above the preparation limit. If the stumps are separated with Isocera, the crown edge is completed with cervical wax.

0.05 0.30-0.35

52705 · Isocera, 200 ml 40112 · Cervical wax Cervical wax

Spacer foil approx. 0.05 mm Cap foil 0.30-0.35 mm

The spacer foil, which must be around 1/3 shorter than the cap foil, is removed before investment to make space for the cement.

10

Adapted deep drawn caps on the stumps

Laboratory procedure:

FRAME PRODUCTION

Modelling · Crown caps made of wax 40009 Dipping wax green 40112 Cervical wax aubergine 40114 · Occlusal wax, grey Bridge frame for metal-ceramic veneering

Alternatively to the Adapta deep drawing system, crown caps can be made of wax in a wax dipping unit. For the cement line, spacer varnish must be applied instead of a spacer foil. The operating temperature of BEGO dipping wax is around 75°C (167°F). The crown edge of the dipped cap is completed with cervical wax. The wax-up of the side tooth bridge must take into account sufficient space for the ceramic veneering.

If substance is lacking on the stump, compensate with metal, never with ceramics. It is better to block out or build up the stump carefully.

Bridge frame for acrylic veneering Caps made of modelling plastic

If the stump has to be built up in the case of lacking substance, this is the job of the dentist. If the dental technician does this on the model, a cement gap of undefined size results and makes clear positioning of the crown in the mouth questionable.

The metal frame should represent the later tooth shape in reduced form, thus ensuring an even ceramic layer.

right

right

40117 · Occlusal wax, mint green

wrong

40118 Occlusal wax dentine

wrong

40117 Occlusal wax mint green 40116 Occlusal wax maize yellow 40114 Occlusal wax grey

!

Sharp edges and undercuts must never be waxed up.

11

Laboratory procedure:

FRAME PRODUCTION

Fleecy inlay strips for moulds 52409 · 40 mm (3 x 30 m) 52408 · 45 mm (3 x 30 m)

Wax wire for sprues 40085 · Ø 2.5, 250 40086 · Ø 3.0, 250 40087 · Ø 3.5, 250 40088 · Ø 4.0, 250 40089 · Ø 5.0, 250

g g g g g

Fig. 2

Fig. 1

Sprue system Wax up sprues between the distribution channel and cast object with an angle of 45° in single crowns and bridges (Fig. 1).

The crowns are positioned outside the centre of heat close to the mould wall and can initially cool down. The distribution channel should be around 2 mm longer than the bridge on each side (Fig. 2).

As solid pontics display greater volume shrinkage when solidifying than other bridge elements, the distribution channel must be reinforced in this area so that it has at least the same volume as the pontic.

If you work in accordance with these recommendations, the distribution channel acts as a casting reservoir.

It supplies sufficient melt to the cast object as well as to especially solid 12

pontics. This prevents contraction cavitation during the cooling process.

The cast object can cool down from the crown margins across the occlusal surfaces to the distribution channel, if it is positioned outside the heat centre when being set onto the base socket mould former (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3

A 4 mm thick wax wire is sufficient for the sprues from the base socket mould former to the distribution channel.

In the case of large bridges, the distribution channel is inserted in a horseshoe shape and separated in the canine area. The bridge cannot deform during the cooling process (Fig. 4).

Preparing the sprues To avoid cavitation, the sprues should be 4 mm thick, even for single crowns, and must not taper. An approx. 2 mm long and 2.5 mm thick wax wire is necessary as a link to the crown. A distribution channel with a diameter of 5 mm has to be provided for bridges.

In addition to wax wire, hollow sticks in which the openings are closed with wax are suitable for this purpose. If solid plastic sticks are used, they must be coated with wax because the moulds may otherwise crack during wax removal.

Wax wire that is approx. 2 mm long and 2.5 mm thick serves as a connection to the individual bridge elements.

Fig. 4

Laboratory procedure:

FRAME PRODUCTION

“Ringless” investment If a ringless mould system is used, e.g. the BEGO Rapid Ringless System, the fleecy inlay strips are not necessary !

investment material (at 20 °C (68 °F) room temperature after approx. 10-15 min.).

Note: Remove the Silicone ring used as soon as possible after setting of the

Mixing and investing

BEGO crown and bridge investment materials

Spray the wax-up fixed on the base socket mould former with Aurofilm debubblizer.

Dry carefully with compressed air immediately thereafter. Then place the moist BEGO fleecy inlay strip in the mould ring so that it is flush with the top edge of the mould ring.

For precious-metal alloys: Use 1 fleecy inlay strip for mould sizes 1 and 3, and 2 fleecy inlay strips for mould sizes 6 and 9.

For non-precious alloys: Insert 2 fleecy inlay strips for all mould sizes. When using the 40 mm fleecy inlay strip (REF 52409), the bottom edge of the investment material makes contact with the mould ring.

Liquid

Bellavest® SH – “One for all” The rapidly or conventionally heatable, phosphate-bonded precision investment material can be used for all crowns and bridge alloys as well as for pressable/press-to-metal ceramics. BegoSol® HE is used as liquid.

Bellavest® T Conventionally heatable, phosphate-bonded precision investment material can be used for all crowns and bridge alloys.

BegoSol® is used as liquid. If a higher expansion is desired, BegoSol® HE can be used as an alternative.

Bellasun

BellaStar XL The rapidly or conventionally heatable, phosphate-bonded premium investment material is particularly suited to all precious-metal crowns and bridge alloys and is also very well suited to many indications with non-precious alloys. Extremely fine-grained investment material with excellent fit and superior deflasking behaviour.

BegoSol® K is used as liquid.

The phosphate-bonded precision investment material can be used for all crowns and bridge alloys with an extremely long processing time at high ambient temperatures. Can only be heated conventionally. BegoSol® is used as liquid.

Bellavest® SH

Bellavest® T

BellaStar XL

Bellasun

BegoSol HE 1 bottle = 1 l 1 canister = 5 l

BegoSol® 1 bottle = 1 l 1 canister = 5 l

BegoSol® K 1 bottle = 1 l 1 canister = 5 l

BegoSol® 1 bottle = 1 l 1 canister = 5 l

®

51095 51096

51090 51091

51120 51121

51090 51091

BegoSol® HE (sensitive to freezing) in thermal protection packaging 1 bottle = 1 l 51095W 1 canister = 5 l 51096W alternatively BegoSol® HE

Availability

4.5 kg 12.0 kg 12.96 kg 5.0 kg 4.8 kg 12.8 kg 10.0 kg

= = = = = = =

75 x 200 x 144 x 50 x 30 x 80 x 4x

60-g-bags 60-g-bags 90-g-bags 100-g-bags 160-g-bags 160-g-bags 2,5 kg-bags

54248 54249 54257 70060 54247 54252 54800

4.5 kg 4.05 kg 4.8 kg 12.8 kg

= = = =

75 x 45 x 30 x 80 x

60-g-bags 90-g-bags 160-g-bags 160-g-bags

54248 54214 54201 54202

4.5 kg = 75 x 60-g-bags 4.8 kg = 30 x 160-g-bags 12.8 kg = 80 x 160-g-bags

54360 54361 54362

12.8 kg = 80 x 160-g-bags

54270

Note: You will find the mixing ratios and reference values of alloy-specific concentrations to be selected in the enclosed work instructions !

13

Laboratory procedure:

FRAME PRODUCTION

Parameter

Recommendation

Remark

Mixing ratio Powder/liquid

Follow the specifications of the work instructions

Setting behaviour, expansion Surface quality may be negatively influenced in case of deviation.

Concentration of the mixing liquid

Follow the specifications of the work instructions.

Select according to alloy to be cast

High concentration – high expansion Low concentration – low expansion Among other things, hardness increases as concentration rises.

Material temperature

Ideally approx. 18 °C - 20 °C (64 °F- 68 °F) and storage in the temperature cabinet

High temperatures lead to short processing and setting times.

Processing at too low temperatures may result in rough surfaces.

A change in the processing temperature influences, among other things, the expansion behaviour of the investment material.

Room temperature

Ideally approx. 18 °C - 20 °C (64 °F- 68 °F )

Premix by hand

Premix by hand for 15 sec.

Compliance with the mixing times when using an automatic, suitably programmed mixing unit ensures reproducible results. Changes in the mixing intensity alter, among other things, the expansion and setting behaviour of the investment materials.

Mixing intensity (speed)

approx. 250 - 450 rpm

see above

Storage

Dry, dark and cool environment, liquid not below 5 °C (41°F) !!!

BegoSol® HE and BegoSol® K are not frost-protected.

Freezing may make the liquid unusable !

Note: Only systematic processing using constant working parameters ensures reproducible results (casting objects) !

Preheating The preheating temperatures for Wirobond® and Wiron® are 900-1000 °C (1652-1832 °F), depending on the casting unit used.

Conventional heating with Bellavest® T and Bellasun Furnaces with conventional control: Place moulds in a cold furnace or a furnace preheated to 250 °C (482 °F) after a setting time of 30 minutes.

Maintain at 250 °C (482 °F) for 30 - 60 minutes. Then heat to final temperature and maintain there for 30 - 60 minutes.

Furnaces with computer control: Place moulds in a cold furnace after a setting time of 30 minutes. Heat up to 250 °C (482 °F) at a rate of 5 °C (41°F)/min. and maintain there for 30 - 60 minutes. Then heat to final temperature at a rate of 7°C (45°F)/min. and maintain there for 30 - 60 minutes.

14

26150 · Miditherm 100 MP 26155 · Miditherm 200 MP

Rapid heating with Bellavest® SH or BellaStar XL

Conventional heating with Bellavest® SH or BellaStar XL

Mould sizes 1 to 6 of Bellavest® SH or BellaStar XL can be heated rapidly.

Roughen mould surfaces, place moulds in the furnace upright (casting funnel facing down) and without direct contact to the bottom or walls (use spacer or ceramic plate).

Furnaces with conventional control: Place moulds in a cold furnace or a furnace preheated to 250 °C (482 °F) after a setting time of 30 minutes.

Maintain at 250 °C (482 °F) for 30 - 60 minutes. Then heat to final temperature and maintain there for 30 - 60 minutes.

Comply with setting time: Place the moulds in a furnace heated to 900 °C (1652 °F) 20- 30 minutes after completion of mixing. BeCe® PRESS: 25-27 minutes 850 °C (1562 °F). Final temperature 900-950°C (1652-1742°F).

Holding times after reaching the final temperature (depending on number of moulds): 30 - 60 minutes.

Furnaces with computer control: Place moulds in a cold furnace after a setting time of 30 minutes. Heat up to 250 °C (482 °F) at a rate of 5 °C (41°F)/min. and maintain there for 30 - 60 minutes. Then heat to final temperature at a rate of 7°C (45°F)/min. and maintain there for 30-60 minutes.

Laboratory procedure:

FRAME PRODUCTION

The melt flows directly from the hot section of the crucible into the casting mould, thus allowing for casting at the lowest possible melting temperatures

Crucible open

Casting metal fall line

Nautilus® CC plus – inductive heated vacuum pressure casting unit Nautilus® CC plus simplifies casting in the dental laboratory with the option of casting alloys automatically. This is performed by means of a touch-free temperature measurement of the melt and software that evaluates the determined data in a targeted manner.

During casting displays in clear text provide additional assistance in all required operating steps.

26220 Nautilus® CC plus 25025 · Fundor T

Fundor T – Motorized casting machine for flame melting

NautiCard und CastControl

26300 The new Fornax® T

Consistent continuation of the concept: intelligent and reliable casting Nautilus® CC plus has a data interface in the form of a chip card scanner.

With the help of the NautiCard casting and diagnostic logs can be transferred to your computer.

Casting log = quality assurance A casting log can be printed directly for each casting operation without a PC via the additional printer interface.

Measuring system – functional principle Thermal radiation Optical system

Detector Measuring object Environment (multi-channel recording)

Digital signal processing

Fornax® T – Compact induction casting machine In contrast to automatic casting in the Nautilus® CC plus, casting in the Fornax® T is triggered after visual inspection on the part of the technician. On the basis of overview tables, the following specifications related to the alloy are provided to the technician: > > > > >

A high-performance melting unit, such as Multiplex, is required. The correct pressure setting is important to produce flawless castings.

The following standard flow pressure values apply to the Multiplex melting unit: for propane 0.5 bar, for natural gas line pressure and oxygen 2 bar.

Place ingots close to each other in the preheated crucible. Maintain flame in a circular motion.

Continue to melt until the ingots move together under one joint oxide layer and can be visibly moved by means of the flame pressure. Initiate casting process without allowing the oxide layer to tear.

crucible selection preheating temperature (mould) preheating time of the alloy further heating time as well as moment for casting

Only genuine BEGO crucibles are characterized by precisely fitting geometry and high thermo-shock stability for a long service life.

Flame melt

15

Laboratory procedure:

FRAME PRODUCTION

Wiron® light casting video · www.bego.com

3.

1.

2.

4.

5.

7.

8.

6.

Melting and casting

Recasting ingots

Always use ceramic crucibles for nonprecious alloys. Never melt different alloys in the same ceramic crucible.

Always identify the crucibles to avoid confusion. The crucibles along with the moulds are placed in the furnace and preheated. Exception: Nautilus® crucibles !

For clear batch tracing it is recommended that the ingots only be cast once.

Do not overheat the alloy when melting, always comply with the defined moment for casting !

Quantity of alloy The needs are calculated by multiplying the weight of the wax-up, including sprues, by the density of the alloy. 1-2 ingots are required for the casting cone. No ingot is necessary when casting with Nautilus® !

Weight = approx. 6 g per ingot.

16

Provided that melting is carried out carefully, already cast Wirobond® or Wiron® can be mixed with new material at a ratio of 1:1.

!

Important: Separate casting cones and blast cleanly. To avoid impairment of the casting result, it is important that no traces of investment material or other residues adhere to the surface.

Moment for casting for BEGO non-precious alloys The recommendations in the instructions for use enclosed with the alloy are binding when determining the ideal moment for casting for each BEGO non-precious alloy. The respective notes in the instruction manuals for the casting units must also be observed.

The following recommendations for the individual BEGO non-precious alloys must always be aligned with the working instructions of the alloy packaging. To recognise the right moment for casting, please consult the casting videos on the BEGO website at www.bego.com, or please ask for a CD (REF 82987).

Moment for casting with Wirobond® 280 Vacuum pressure casting with induction heating (Nautilus®) and centrifugal casting with induction heating (Fornax®): When the last ingot has sunk completely into the melt, continue heating for 1 to 5 seconds depending on the induction power of the casting unit, and then initiate casting. Follow operating instructions for Fornax® and Nautilus®.

Flame melting casting (Fundor): Cast when the last ingot has sunk completely into the melt and the melt clearly moves due to the flame pressure.

Laboratory procedure:

FRAME PRODUCTION

Moment for casting with Wirobond® C and Wirobond® SG Vacuum pressure casting with induction heating (Nautilus®) and centrifugal casting with induction heating (Fornax®): When the last ingot has sunk completely into the melt, continue heating for 0 to 12 seconds depending on the induction power of the casting unit, and then initiate casting. Follow operating instructions for Fornax® and Nautilus®.

Preheating the alloy in Nautilus®

Flame melting casting (Fundor): Cast when the last ingot has sunk completely into the melt and the melt clearly moves due to the flame pressure.

Moment for casting with Wirobond® LFC Vacuum pressure casting (Nautilus®): Continue heating for approx. 2 to max.

4 seconds after disappearance of the shadow of the glow, and then initiate casting.

Centrifugal casting (Fornax®): Cast immediately after disappearance of the shadow of the glow.

Flame melting casting (Fundor): Cast when the cast metal has melted and the melt clearly moves due to the flame pressure.

Moment for casting with Wiron® Vacuum pressure casting with induction heating (Nautilus®) and centrifugal casting with induction heating (Fornax®): When the last ingot has sunk completely into the melt, continue heating for 0 to 12 seconds depending on the induction power of the casting unit, and then initiate casting. Follow operating instructions for Fornax® and Nautilus®.

Flame melting casting (Fundor): Cast when the last ingot has sunk completely into the melt and the melt clearly moves due to the flame pressure.

Moment for casting with Wiron® light Vacuum pressure casting with induction

heating (Nautilus®) and centrifugal casting with induction heating (Fornax®): When the last solid component has submerged completely in the melt, continue to heat for 0 to 10 seconds depending on the induction capacity of the casting unit, trigger casting when the oxide layer has disappeared. Follow operating instructions for Fornax® and Nautilus®.

Flame centrifugal casting (Fundor): Flame setting propane/oxygen: flow pressure setting 0.5 bar propane, 2.0 bar oxygen. The blue tips in the inner cone of the flame on the torch tip shall be 6-8 mm long. Distance of torch tip to metal: 15-25 mm. Always pre-warm ceramic pan as well. Heat metal in melting pot with light rotating flame movement until brightly red hot. Then insert muffle and continue to heat metal. An oxide film will form after the individual castings have collapsed.

Continue to melt on with light rotating flame movement until the cast metal moves together under one joint oxide film and can be visibly moved through the flame pressure. The color of the molten material must be uniformly light. Initiate casting process without allowing the oxide film to tear.

Moment for casting with Wirocer plus Vacuum pressure casting with induction heating (Nautilus®) and centrifugal

casting with induction heating (Fornax®): When the last ingot has sunk completely into the melt, continue heating for 0 to 12 seconds depending on the induction power of the casting unit, and then initiate casting. Follow operating instructions for Fornax® and Nautilus®.

Flame melting casting (Fundor): Flame setting propane/oxygen: flow pressure setting 0.5 bar propane, 0.2 bar oxygen. Continue to melt with slightly rotating flame movement until the cast metal moves together under a common oxide layer and can be visibly moved by means of the flame pressure.

The colour of the melt must be uniformly bright. Initiate casting process without allowing the oxide film to tear.

Moment for casting with Wirolloy® NB Vacuum pressure casting with induction heating (Nautilus®) and centrifugal casting with induction heating (Fornax®): When the last solid component has submerged completely in the melt, continue to heat for 0 to 12 seconds depending on the induction capacity of the casting unit, then trigger casting.

Follow operating instructions for Fornax® and Nautilus®.

Flame centrifugal casting (Fundor): Cast when the last solid component has submerged completely in the melt and the melt clearly moves due to the flame pressure.

17

Laboratory procedure:

FRAME PRODUCTION

Fig. 1 · EasyBlast

Cooling the moulds Allow moulds to cool slowly through exposure to the air, never cool off in water !

!

Do not machine the surface to be veneered with rubber polishers !

Deflasking and surface machining Carefully deflask object and blast investment material with Korox® 250 (aluminium oxide, 250 m) and separate sprues. When sand blasting crowns with Korox® 250, ensure that the crown margins are not damaged (Fig. 1) ! Use sintered BEGO diamond grinding stones, ceramically bonded grinding stones or carbide cutters to finish.

Pretreatment of frame After deflasking, blast the surfaces to be veneered with a pencil blaster at 3-4 bar using Korox® 250. When sand blasting crowns with Korox® 250, ensure that the crown margins are not damaged.

If a blasting unit with blasting material circulation is employed, ensure that it is not used to blast the investment material: the microscopically fine investment material dust may form a separating layer that leads to inadequate ceramic adhesion (Fig. 2).

With these units the blasting material must be changed frequently because the size and edge sharpness (abrasive behaviour) of the blasting material grain declines in the course of time.

Adequate roughening of the metal surface is then no longer guaranteed.

18

The frame must be cleaned thoroughly before applying the first layer of opaque.

The Triton SLA steam cleaner has proven effective for this (Fig. 7 on page 19).

Then allow to dry in the air, never use compressed air because oil particles and corrosion residues may be carried in the flow from the compressed air line. After that do not touch the frame with your fingers in the areas to be veneered: use artery forceps.

Oxide firing is not necessary. However, it can be carried out to check the metal surface (960 - 980 °C (1760- 1796 °F), 10 minutes).

!

Important: The oxide on the surfaces to be veneered must be subsequently sand blasted again using Korox® 250 at 3-4 bar.

Frame blasted with Korox® 46014 · Korox® 250, 8 kg

Fig. 2 · Duostar plus Combined blasting unit 26080 · EasyBlast Fine blasting unit 26005 · Triton SLA Steam blaster 26118 · Duostar plus combination blasting unit incl. filter module 26115 · Duostar Z combination blasting unit, connection to external extraction unit 26123 · Korostar plus incl. filter module 26120 · Korostar Z connection to external extraction unit

Processing the ceramic materials All commercially available veneering and press-to-metal ceramics in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9693 with firing temperatures up to approx.

980 °C (1796 °F) (e.g. BeCe® PRESS) are suitable. Also suitable: ceramics with reduced firing temperature (e.g.

Omega 900, VM13). No adhesive aids or bonders are necessary for BEGO non-precious alloys. The only important thing is that the opaque is applied twice and fired.

Highly expanded ceramics, e.g.

CARRARA (Elephant Dental BV) must be used for Wirobond® LFC. “Comply with CTE !”

Laboratory procedure:

METAL-TO-CERAMIC VENEERING

Fig. 3: 1st opaque firing

Fig. 4: 2nd opaque firing

Besides precise frame preparation, special importance is attached to the first opaque firing (washfiring). It is required for a secure bond between alloy and ceramics.

Cooling after dentine firing

To achieve a clean transition between the metal and the ceramics, the first opaque layer should be applied slightly beyond the edges. This projecting material is ground back prior to the bright dip process.

Apply a thinly mixed opaque (washbrand) for the first layer such that all surfaces to be veneered are covered, then fire according to the manufacturer‘s instructions (Fig. 3).

The second opaque layer must cover the surface evenly. The metal must no longer shine through (Fig. 4). If paste opaques are used, ensure sufficient preliminary drying. In this way you avoid detachment of the paste opaque and an inadequate metal-to-ceramic bond. The dentine and cutting material firing is carried out subsequently (Fig. 5). To avoid green discolouration and contamination, clean objects under flowing water or with the Triton SLA steam cleaner prior to each firing. Please consult the ceramics manufacturers‘ updated instructions for use regularly (e.g., on the internet).

The cooling depends on the values for the CTE of the alloy and ceramics.

Wiron® 99: 25 - 500 °C · 13.8 x 10-6 20 - 600 °C · 14.0 x 10-6 Normal cooling.

Wirocer plus: 25 - 500 °C · 13.8 x 10-6 20 - 600 °C · 14.0 x 10-6 Normal cooling.

Wirobond® 280: 25 - 500 °C · 14.0 x 10-6 20 - 600 °C · 14.2 x 10-6 Only normal cooling due to optimal composition.

Wirobond® C: 25 - 500 °C · 14.0 x 10-6 20 - 600 °C · 14.2 x 10-6 Long-term cooling recommended.

Fig. 5 Fig. 6: 43370 Rubber polishing tips, black 43410 Knife-edge rubber polishing wheels, black (without Fig.)

Metal surfaces that are not veneered must be ground over and rubberpolished under uniform pressure (Fig. 6).

Blue BEGO CoCr polishing compound or Diapol diamond polishing compound is suitable for high-polish finishing.

Cleaning of the finished work should be carried out with a brush under flowing water. If a steam cleaner is used or cleaning is performed in an ultrasonic bath, cracks may occur.

Wirobond® SG: 25 - 500 °C · 14.1 x 10-6 20 - 600 °C · 14.3 x 10-6 Long-term cooling recommended.

!

It is absolutely imperative to comply with the processing instructions of the ceramics manufacturer. Observe the special firing recommendations of the ceramics manufacturers when veneering nonprecious alloys !

A program for long-term cooling is provided for in the ceramic furnaces of the younger generation.

After the glaze firing or the bright dip process the oxide is removed by blasting the insides of the crowns with Korox® 50 using a pencil blaster.

Fig. 7 · Triton SLA

19

JOINTING TECHNIQUES

Soldering prior to firing – solders and fluxes

26210 · LaserStar T plus 26180 · LaserStar PW 50005 · Wiroweld (CoCr filler metal Ø 0.5 mm) 50003 · Wiroweld (CoCr filler metal Ø 0.35 mm) 50006 · Wiroweld NC (NiCr filler metal Ø 0.35 mm)

Laser welding with LaserStar In recent years laser welding of workpieces has gained acceptance as a commonly used dental jointing technique, in addition to soldering and bonding. The advantage of this technique is that the objects can be directly jointed together in a positive fit without any addition of foreign material (solder). For the dental technician this means that high-performance and biocompatible metal joints can be made.

Advantages of laser welding: > > > > > > > >

> >

Significant time saving Easy handling High strength of the seam High corrosion resistance Accurate work No colour difference from the original material No polishing of solder Connections in immediate proximity to acrylic or ceramic veneering possible Possible to check fit on the master model No need for: > solder > solder investment material and solder model > soldering flux and heat protection paste > fabrication of overcasts/matrix > removal of saddles or veneering for laser welding

All BEGO non-precious alloys are tested for their laser application. A detailed dental orientation, also including the parameter setting of the important 20

Wirobond®: 52622 · Wirobond ® solder Wiron®/Wirocer plus: 52625 · Wiron® solder 52531 · Fluxsol The solder has the same properties as the alloy in each case so the ceramics adhere to the soldered points just as well. BEGO Fluxsol flux should be used for soldering prior to firing. indications, facilitates an introduction to the laser welding technique considerably.

!

When welding, please observe the following: > Good envelopment of seam with argon - approx. 1 cm spacing between object and argon jet

> Discoloured welding points are an indication of excessive energy combination or inadequate argon envelopment > Formation of cracks at welding point indicate excessive energy or time of exposure to laser beam

For BEGO non-precious alloys a suitable soldering unit is one that produces a precisely controllable flame, such as the Multiplex microflame soldering unit (needle jet diameter 1.6 mm). When soldering in the soldering block, maintain the gap at a maximum width of 0.2 mm. The soldered points must be exposed so they are easy to access with the flame. Apply Fluxsol flux prior to preheating. Keep soldering blocks as small as possible and predry in the preheating furnace at around 300 °C (572°F). In the case of repair soldering, the soldered point is expanded in a funnel shape.

> In case of repairs, spaciously separate points of break and make new wax-up for parts to be replaced if necessary > Do not reuse buckled or overelongated frame parts

Soldering with Bellatherm® soldering investment material Bellatherm® is phosphatebonded and thus resistant to high temperatures. To make the soldering block, mix 100 g of Bellatherm® with 23 ml of tap water and stir briefly with a spatula. According to the desired consistency, this standard value can be modified. Allow soldering block to dry in the furnace after hardening.

Bellatherm® is easy to detach from the soldered object under flowing water.

51105 Bellatherm®

Wiron® solder

Break off an appropriate piece of solder and coat with Fluxsol flux; then apply solder and heat object with a rotating flame. Once the soldering temperature is reached, direct the flame at the solder point by point until it fills the site be soldered.

JOINTING TECHNIQUES Fig. 1 61079 WGL solder

Furnace soldering with WGL solder

Marginal extension with Wirobond® or Wiron® solder and platinum foil inserted underneath

!

Note: Due to the low thermal conductivity of BEGO nonprecious alloys, the required soldering temperature in the object is reached considerably later than with precious metals.

Soldering with WGL solder With WGL solder BEGO non-precious alloys can be bonded together or jointed with precious metals (Fig. 1). It is also suitable for defects or edge extensions with platinum foil inserted underneath.

The soldering joint cannot be ceramically veneered.

WGL solder is a white gold solder with an operating temperature of 860 °C (1580 °F). It requires Minoxyd as flux and enables a reliable and durable soldered joint.

Prepared soldering block for furnace soldering

Furnace soldering after firing – without preliminary fusing

Furnace soldering after firing – with preliminary fusing

Prepare soldering point by grinding and make soldering block. To avoid direct contact to the soldering investment material, the ceramics are coated with a preparatory layer of wax.

With this method Wirobond® can be jointed with Wirobond® as well as Wiron® with Wiron® or with precious metals in each case. The soldering point is ground out in the form of a trough and prefused with a veneering solder prior to firing: for example, BegoStar® solder (1125°C / 2057°F) or PontoLloyd® solder (1120°C / 2048°F), Flux: 52531 · Fluxsol or 52530 · Minoxyd.

The soldering gap should be around 0.2 mm and is frugally coated with Minoxyd flux. The latter must not come into contact with the ceramic material since it impairs the finish and the ceramics then discolour.

With Minoxyd form the solder into a ball over a flame and place in the soldering gap.

It is important here, as in all furnace soldering, to heat the object evenly and adequately before reaching the soldering temperature. In addition, you must keep in mind that BEGO non-precious alloys heat up more slowly than precious metals due to the low thermal conductivity.

Soldering process: > predry soldering block for 10 minutes at 300 °C (572 °F), > preheat for 3-5 minutes (depending on the size of the soldering block) at 800 °C (1470 °F) (Wirobond®, Wiron®), > heat to soldering temperature of 860 °C (1580 °F) and maintain there for 1 minute.

The solders mentioned can be fired over with ceramics.

Clean the soldering point by grinding after firing. After that make the smallest possible soldering block.

Ensure here that the parts to be soldered do not touch each other.

Maximum soldering gap: 0.2 mm.

Soldering process: > predry soldering block for 10 minutes at 300 °C (572 °F), > preheat for 3-5 minutes (depending on the size of the soldering block) at 800 °C (1470 °F), > heat to soldering temperature of 860 °C (1580 °F) and maintain there for 1 minute.

BEGO gold solder 1 or WGL solder (Fluxsol flux) flows into the soldering gap and fills it completely.

21

COMBINED TOOTH REPLACEMENT MADE OF NON-PRECIOUS ALLOYS

Wax-up reduced for ceramic veneering

52730 WiroConnect Basic assortment

Attachment prosthesis

Attachment denture made of Wirobond® C

WiroConnect WiroConnect is an activatable, intracoronally processed precision attachment.

WiroConnect provides the prerequisites so high-quality attachment dentures can be made completely of CoCr alloys.

Further advantages: > Subsequently activatable

Indication Combined tooth replacement in edentulous and free end situations.

The attachment may only be processed in connection with a milled step – ideally with terminal groove or interlock milling – for mounting of a stress breaker. In the case of free end situations, at least two bridge abutment teeth should be interlocked with each other.

Ancora / Ancora 45 Profile bar attachment

> Periodontal freedom thanks to 45° angle of the male parts > Exchangeable male parts

Ceramic-veneered frame prior to metal milling

> Acrylic female parts that burn without residue for integration into wax-up > Threaded housing for laser welding, soldering or bonding

> Male parts can be shortened by up to 25%

Preparation for partial denture

22

Processing steps with double crown technique

DOUBLE CROWNS MADE OF NON-PRECIOUS ALLOYS

BEGO-WIROFIX · FRICTION ELEMENT FOR COMBINATION TECHNIQUE > Facilitates setting of the friction, particularly with non-precious constructions > Broad range of indications: double crowns, full and ring telescopes, bars RS > Ideal in connection with single-piece cast constructions > Strong retention force combined with small size > Friction can be adjusted in two steps > Low spatial requirements, can be shortened individually > Extremely easy processing thanks to ceramic spacers > Long lifetime, easy to replace if necessary > 52820 · starter set: consisting of 2 ceramic spacers, 2 auxiliary parts, 2 friction elements, standard and 2 friction elements, strong.

7.

Make the secondary crown It is ideally made of modelling plastic (minimum wall thickness 0.3 mm).

Ensure uniform wall thickness, complete anatomical shape with modelling wax. Invest, cast and finish.

Blast ceramic spacers carefully.

SPACE-SAVING AND EASY TO PROCESS

1.

Make the primary crown Preferably with Adapta foil – ensures minimum wall thickness of 0.3 mm during milling.

4.

Friction groove Carefully rework the friction groove with a groove milling cutter (diameter 1 mm). Brighten and polish very slightly. Roughness in the friction groove area reduces the service life of the friction element !

8.

Incorporate secondary crown into plastic denture or partial denture frame Laser, bond or solder secondary crown to partial denture frame or polymerize into plastic denture. Use auxiliary part (yellow) during further processing.

2.

Set up the half-channel friction groove The friction groove (diameter 1 mm) in the mesial or distal position ends above the sulcus or above the prepared step.

Set up friction groove with cannon or spiral drill and check half-channel course.

5.

Put ceramic spacers in position Ensure seating with no gap ! Fix with modelling wax at the friction groove.

Shorten ceramic spacers if necessary as a preparatory measure from the basal side.

Plastic completion Protect auxiliary part and/or friction element and secondary crowns with Vaseline before plastic processing (pressing in plastic is avoided !).

10.

3.

Invest, cast and finish Define the friction surfaces in metal Recommended speed for metal milling: 8,000 -10,000 rpm. A uniform height of the friction surface of 3 - 4 mm should be targeted.

9.

6.

Make the secondary cap Make the secondary cap preferably in modelling resin. Reduce cap thickness down to 0.3 mm.

Insert friction element Remove auxiliary part (yellow). Select friction element according to desired frictional strength and insert (forceps).

Ensure seating with no gap, shorten excess lengths.

23

Seminars – Workshops – Courses at

academia·dental

academia·dental OFFERS PERFECT CONDITIONS FOR YOUR PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN DENTAL TECHNOLOGY

Since being established in the year 2002 the international school of academia · dental offers perfect conditions for high-quality education of dental technicians. academia · dental is widely known for its excellent and ambitious courses. academia · dental addresses dental technicians who carry out their work with great enthusiasm.

It offers perfect conditions for high quality education in Germany to those who can not speak German. Furthermore, former participants (alumni members) have the opportunity to take part in exclusive advanced training programmes.

24

I. Removable denture

II. Fixed denture

Milling and Attachment Techniques

Aesthetic Solutions on Implants

The main contents of this four-week education are milling and attachment techniques. Participants will design removable denture of complex nature with several individual retaining and supporting elements and attachments: a four-unit ceramic veneered front bridge with a milled stress distribution arm, telescopes, an anchor band attachment on implants, and a major connector. Furthermore, articulator techniques, occlusal concepts (morphology and wax-up techniques), principles of milling techniques, investment material processing and controlling, material characteristics, joining techniques, and constructive aspects are also focus of attention.

This training programme focuses on implant prosthetics and crown and bridge work: an implant-supported full ceramic bridge on ceramic abutments manufactured by CAD/CAM procedure, the zircon framework is veneered with an individual layering technique, a secondarily screwed bridge with parallel milled abutments and an individual attachment, single crown implants – occlusally screw-retained/ cemented, BeCe® PRESS veneering in the lateral area. Furthermore, this fourweek training course includes detailed information on articulator techniques, occlusal concepts on implants as well as material processing.

For more information: www.academia-dental.de wulfes@bego.com

FAILURES AND THEIR CAUSES

Fig. 3 Bubbles in the ceramics

Fig. 2 Bubbles in opaque

Fig. 1: Casting streaks on the object

Fig. 5: Defective frame design

Failures and their causes: When processing non-precious alloys Cast objects not completely melted

Casting streaks (Fig. 1)

> Objects waxed up too thinly (at least 0.4 mm) > Preheating temperature of the moulds too low > Temperature of the melt too low > Casting delay time too long > Defective sprue cross-sections

> Incorrect mixing of investment material: too short, too cold, mixing ratio with too little vacuum > Layer thickness of investment material on mould bottom too small > Too rapid conventional heating

Ø> _ 4 mm Ø 3.5 4 mm* Ø> _ 5 mm** Ø> _ 2,5 mm 1.5- 2 mm * Do not taper ! ** Wax or plastic hollow stick

Cavitation in cast object > No or too small melt reservoir > Constriction in sprues > Cast objects placed in heat centre of the moulds > Too many cast objects in a mould > Too high preheating temperature

Fig. 4 Cracks in the ceramics

Bubbles in the ceramics (Fig. 3) Beads on the object, rough casting surface > Residues of wetting agent > Investment material mixed with no or too little vacuum > Too high casting temperature

Failures and their causes: Ceramic veneering Bubbles in opaque (Fig. 2) > Porosity in frame > Inadequate surface machining > Too high predrying temperature or too short predrying time during opaque firing > Contaminated frame surface (polishing dust, investment material residues, dirty grinding stones)

> Porosity in frame > Too moist application of ceramic materials > Too weak vacuum during ceramic firing > Too high firing temperature Cracks in the ceramics (Fig. 4 and 5) > Irregular layer thickness of the ceramics > Defective frame wax-up: no “reduced” anatomic tooth shape > Pointed and sharp edges on frame > Deformation of too delicate frames during ceramic firing > CTE values of the alloy and the ceramics are not matched to each other (Wirobond® LFC is for 16 CTE range) 25

Precision casting investment material for crowns and bridges

BELLAVEST® SH

> Long processing time of 5 minutes > Extremely smooth casting surfaces > Hardens with firm edges and can still be easily deflasked > Guaranteed shelf life of two years in sealed bag > Portion bags easy to tear open

Extremely precise and very smooth

Fast or conventional

Bellavest® SH Shock-Heat, rapidly or conventionally heatable precision casting investment material for crowns and bridges made of precious metal, non-precious metal alloys and press ceramic This is what counts: > Graphite-free, phosphate-bonded precision casting investment material > Easy to process with the special mixing liquid BegoSol® HE > Great expansion control > Smooth, creamy consistency Availability

Weight

Pieces/Unit

Bellavest® SH

4.5 kg 12.0 kg 12.96 kg 5.0 kg 4.8 kg 12.8 kg 10.0 kg

75 200 144 50 30 80 4

x x x x x x x

60-g-bags 60-g-bags 90-g-bags 100-g-bags 160-g-bags 160-g-bags 2.5-kg-bags

Bellavest® SH is exactly the right crown and bridge investment for the dental technician who wants to have the flexibility of working either in the conventional heating cycle or the shock heat process. Therefore, it does not matter whether the restauration shall be made of precious metal, nonprecious metal alloys or press ceramic.

Easy processing and a high degree of reliability Bellavest® SH is mixed under vacuum in an automatic mixing unit Motova 300 or in the Motova 100 with the special mixing liquid BegoSol® HE. Given an ambient temperature of 20°C, there is about 5 minutes for processing, i.e. enough time to be able to make several moulds.

REF 54248 54249 54257 70060 54247 54252 54800

The packs do not contain any mixing liquid Accessories BegoSol® HE mixing liquid

Litres

1 bottle

1l

51095

1 canister

5l

51096

BegoSol® HE is sensitive to frost Subject to modifications in design, scope of delivery and composition. Whether given verbally, in writing or through practical instructions, our process-related data and recommendations are based upon our own experience and trials and can only be regarded as standard values.

Status as at: May 2008.

26

Bellavest® SH has a particularly fine grain, excellent flow properties and is easy to deflask despite its high edge strength. It can be invested in a metal mould ring or without a ring, e.g. with the BEGO Rapid Ringless System.

Bellavest® SH is a graphite-free, phosphatebonded investment material that is recommended because of its excellent fitting accuracy, even with different uses. This reliability is achieved because BegoSol® HE mixing liquid is ideal for expansion control.

The required mixing ratio for BegoSol® HE can be created with distilled or demineralised water. One factor is important here, of course: the higher the concentration of BegoSol® HE, the greater the expansion of the investment material.

Bellavest® SH is comparably suitable for precious metals and alloys contained no precious metal es well as for pressed ceramics. The result is outstanding casting work with an extremely smooth surface.

Bellavest® SH Physical data: Processing time at 20 °C Total expansion in the mould ring Shelf life

50% BegoSol® HE approx. 5 Min. 1.7 %

80% BegoSol® HE approx. 4.5 Min. 2.2 %

2 years DIN EN ISO 15912

The new non-precious alloy for metal-to-ceramic work, with lighter oxide

WIRON® LIGHT

Wiron® light The new non-precious alloy for metal-to-ceramic work, with lighter oxide – beryllium-free

Wiron® light – for effortless finishing

> Simple casting > Casting temperature only 1350 °C (2460 °F) > Preheating temperature only 800 °C (1470 °F) > Easy finishing > Light-coloured, thin oxide > Risk-free working > Outstanding strength values

The lower casting temperature of only 1350 °C (2460 °F) and the preheating temperature of just 800 °C (1470 °F) reduce the reaction of the alloy with the investment material. This produces a smooth surface and makes finishing much easier. The oxide of Wiron® light is considerably lighter in colour compared to conventional NiCr alloys and is very easy and fast to remove (see picture).

Wiron light – casting made simple

Wiron light – for reliable results

The 6 g casting ingots can be melted either with a fl ame or inductively before casting by the centrifugal or vacuum pressure method. The proper moment for casting is clearly recognisable and the excellent melting properties of the alloy ensure reliable filling of the mould. The lower mould preheating temperature of only 800 °C (1470 °F) gives a very smooth surface, cuts electricity costs and saves time.

The outstanding strength values of Wiron® light make it possible to produce delicate work without the risk of breakage. The low casting temperature gives excellent accuracy of fit. Many commercially available ceramics display very high bond strength, with normal cooling, when used for veneering. If an excellent, high-lustre polished fi nish is required, we recommend the premium diamond

®

Composition in % by weight: Ni 64.5 · Cr 22 · Mo 10 · Si 2.1 · Nb · Mn · B Availability Unit Contents 1 pack 1000 g Wiron® light 250 g 1 pack Accessories Wiroweld NC, NiCr laser wire, carbon-free 1 roll approx.5.5 m Wiron® soldering rods 1 pack 4g Diapol diamond polishing compound 1 pack Certificate

Wiron® light – the alloy you can rely on Of course, a biocertificate is available for Wiron® light.

Wiron® light Alloy characteristics:

®

REF 50270 50272

polishing compound Diapol. The tried and tested Wiron® system gives extra certainty of excellent results.

Density [g/cm3] Melting range

Wiron® light

Casting temperature

Guide values 8.2 [°C] [°F] [°C] [°F]

1200 -1280 (2190-2330) approx. 1350 (approx. 2460)

Coefficient of expansion CTE [10-6 x K-1] (25 - 500 °C) 13.8 (20 - 600 °C) 14.1 10 Ductile yield (A5) [%] 470 Elongation limit (Rp 0.2) [MPa] 880 Tensile strength(Rm) [MPa] approx. 200 Modulus of elasticity [GPa] Vickers hardness (HV10) after firing 260 Preheating temperature [°C] [°F] 800 (1470) CE 0197 ISO 22674 • ISO 9693

Conventional NiCr alloy

50006 52625 52306 82944

Subject to modifications in design and composition.

Our instructions for use and recommendations are based on our own experience and trials and can only be regarded as guidelines. Date of issue: February 2008.

Oxide colour after deflasking 27

The non-precious metal premium alloy

WIROBOND ® 280

Ideal processing properties – Wirobond® 280 – the name stands for program

the biological compatibility. A neutral institute has analyzed Wirobond® 280 and certified the safety of this alloy with a bio certificate. We can provide you with the certificate upon request (download: www.bego.com).

The special composition gives a low and convenient Vickers hardness of 280 (HV10) and an outstanding processing capability; therefore, the dental technician can finish and mill Wirobond® 280 with genuine ease.

Wirobond® 280 sets new standards in the segment of non-precious metal alloys. > Extremely corrosion resistant > Free of nickel and beryllium > Biocompatibility > Easy grinding and very good span > Excellent melting and casting properties > Large resistance for all span widths > No long-term cooling required* even for large spans > Secure bonding with ceramics > Secure processing based on the proven BEGO system * Exception: Creation (Amann Girrbach GmbH), Reflex® (Wieland Dental + Technik GmbH & Co. KG)

Composition in % by weight: Co 60.2 · Cr 25 · W 6.2 · Mo 4.8 · Ga 2.9 · Si · Availability Unit Contents 1 pack 1000 g Wirobond® 280 250 g 1 pack Accessories Wiroweld, CoCr laser wire, containing no carbon 1 pack 1.5 m ø 0.5 mm 2m 1 pack ø 0.35 mm Wirobond soldering rods WGL Solder Certificate ®

1 pack 1 pack

4g 5g

Wirobond® 280 also sets new standards for other processing parameters. It has good melting properties, the casting time can be easily determined and it nearly flows without residues from the melting crucible, thereby prolonging the life of the crucible and lowering operating costs. The optimized coefficient of thermal expansion allows to regularly cool Wirobond® 280 after the burnings, also for large spans.

The ceramic bonding is tested with a multitude of commercially available ceramics and is very good.

Table “Ion release of Wirobond® 280 in 7 days” see page 6.

Figure “Bio Certificate Wirobond® 280” see page 5.

Wirobond® 280 Alloy characteristics: Colour Density [g/cm3] Melting interval

BEGO has more than 40 years experience in the area of venerable non-precious metal alloys and a worldwide significant position in this alloy segment.

Casting temperature

Mn REF 50134 50135

50005 50003 52622 61079 82738

Guide values silver 8.5 [°C] [°F] [°C] [°F]

1360 -1400

(2480-2550) approx.1500 (approx. 2730)

Coefficient of expansion CTE [10-6 x K-1] (25 - 500 °C) 14,0 (20 - 600 °C) 14.2 Ductile yield (A5) [%] 14 540 Elongation limit (Rp 0.2) [MPa] 680 Tensile strength (Rm) [MPa] approx. 220 Modulus of elasticity [GPa] Vickers hardness (HV10) after firing 280 CE 0197 ISO 22674 • ISO 9693

The high corrosion resistance of Wirobond® 280 is reached through the interaction of chrome, tungsten and the essential molybdenum. The alloy forms a dense, firmly adhering passive layer and therefore guarantees

Subject to modifications in design, scope of delivery and composition. Whether given verbally, in writing or through practical instructions, process-related data and recommendations are based upon our own experience and trials and can only be regarded as standard values. Status as of: February 2008.

28

For patients, Wirobond® 280 is a secure and low-cost option to receive a highquality dental treatment Therefore, it does not matter whether it is a conventional, firmly seated treatment, a combination work or an implant supported supra construction – nothing is impossible.

Scrutinizing Wirobond® 280

80

Bond strength according to ISO 9693 (Schwickerath test)

70 60 Bond strength [MPa]

Wirobond® 280 The non-precious metal premium alloy for metal-to-ceramic work

Wirobond® 280 – the first choice for dental technician, dentist and patient

50 40 30 20

Values above 25 MPa are considered as clinical save

10 0

Finesse1/ Duceram Paste KISS1 Average 56 49

Omega 900 2 48

VM 13 2 47

Vintage Halo 3 46

d.SIGN 4/ Creation 5/ Paste Paste 46 42

EX 3 6 40

Vintage 3 HeraCeram 7/ Paste 36 34

The ceramic materials are products of the companies 1DeguDent, 2VITA, 3Shofu, Ivoclar, 5Amann Girrbach, 6Noritake, 7Heraeus Kulzer. If not more detailed, powder opaque was used.

4

The ceramic system for safe and predictable pressing to metal frameworks

BeCe® PRESS

Fig. 2 Standard Wax-up of a 3 unit bridge

Fig. 1 Cross-section of the burned out ring

®

Press on alloy technique The ceramic system for safe and predictable pressing to metal frameworks > An aesthetic – cost efficient ceramic system for doing press on alloy restorations > The press on alloy technique is very easy to understand and simple enough to train your technicians > Waxing to contour along with low shrinkage ceramics makes the fits of even full ceramic shoulders very predicable > Automatically designed wax-ups (BeCe® WAX-UP*) makes BeCe® PRESS even more economical > A stable CTE helps eliminate stress and fractures in the pressed ceramics Today‘s press on alloy ceramics are used with great success in many of the most demanding markets around the world. With its life like aesthetics it‘s easy to see why ! This technique offers an easy application with beautiful results that will satisfy the most demanding dentists.

Veneering of metal frameworks with tooth colored materials, both acrylic and ceramics, is standard practice for many of today‘s talented dental technicians.

In the press on alloy technique, the shape and size of the tooth is created by waxing the shape over a premade opaqued metal coping.

These two pieces are then invested and burned out leaving a hollow form for the ceramics to be pressed into. The ceramic bonds to the opaqued metal framework with both a mechanical and chemical bond just like on porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns (Fig. 1).

Wax-up expertise Considering the skills and time needed to create a conventional ceramic layered restoration used by most ceramists today, BeCe® PRESS ceramic technique is tomorrow‘s future, today ! To create an accurate fi tting crown with the press on alloy system a technician only needs sound waxing principals. In today‘s ceramic layering techniques both form and color are being processed at the same time making this procedure very challenging. The press on alloy system keeps both of these processes separate making it extremely easy to use. The shrink-free ceramic pressing material reproduces your waxed-up shape exactly and makes creating porcelain shoulders quick and easy (Fig. 2).

The ceramics The BeCe® PRESS Ceramic system uses a pressable ceramic which contains a two-phase Lucite reinforced silicate ceramic as the pressed base.

BeCe® PRESS Ceramic is produced by a controlled manufacturing process, which creates a microstructure

consisting of a glass matrix with embedded crystals. The reflection and diffusion of light at the interface between the crystals and glass matrix produces a natural looking restoration with translucency and natural opalescence.

The special matrix of the silicate ceramic is highly effective in preventing micro fracturing and cracking.

It is very easy to match the Vita® 16 Classic** shades by combining one of the 6 pressing pellets with the suggested BeCe® PRESS opaques and shading stains. The pressing pellets are available in either 2 or 5 grams sizes.

Alloys suitable for the BeCe® PRESS system BeCe® PRESS ceramics can be pressed to most precious and non-precious alloys. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) needs to be between 13.8 to 14.6 [10-6 x K-1] (20 °C - 500 °C / 68 °F- 930 °F). A list of approved alloys is available from BEGO.

BeCe® PRESS Start-Kit

BeCe® PRESS Start-Kit The starter kit is perfect for those just starting out with the BeCe® PRESS staining technique. The kit offers a range of 4 pressing pellet colours and the corresponding press on alloy opaques, shades and correction materials. Also included: a selection of fluorescent and opaque stains for creating special effects as well as further accessories. *BeCe® WAX-UP, an CAD CAM based automatically wax-up **VITA is a registered trademark of Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Säckingen, Germany

29

Partial Denture Alloys and C&B Alloys

IN THE BEGO-SYSTEM

C & B ALLOYS IN THE BEGO-SYSTEM sales arguments

preferred application

Wirobond® 280

since 2005

> > > > >

easy work out through reduced hardness 280HV no long term cooling secure bonding with ceramics easy to cast certified biological material

CoCr alloy: for metal-to-ceramic and acrylic work

Wirobond® C

since 1993

> > > >

quality for over 3 Mill. c&b-units secure bonding with ceramics easy to cast certified biological material

CoCr alloy: for metal-to-ceramic and acrylic work

Wirobond® SG

since 2004

> secure bonding with ceramics > easy to cast > certified biological material

CoCr alloy: for metal-to-ceramic and acrylic work

Wiron® 99

since 1998

> > > > >

quality for over 6 Mill. c&b-units easy work out through reduced hardness 180HV secure bonding with ceramics easy to cast certified biological material

NiCr alloy: for metal-to-ceramic and acrylic work

Wiron® light

since 2007

> > > > >

easy to cast light oxide low preheating, low casting temperature allows delicate frameworks certified biological material

NiCr alloy: for metal-to-ceramic and acrylic work

Wirocer plus

since 2005

> secure bonding with ceramics > no long term cooling > certified biological material

NiCr alloy: for metal-to-ceramic and acrylic work

PARTIAL DENTURE ALLOYS IN THE BEGO-SYSTEM

30

sales arguments

preferred application

Wironium® plus

since 1992

> > > > >

exclusive, top-grade alloy optimized for laser welding with Tantal easy reactivation of clasps allows delicate frameworks certified biological material

universal: clasp prostheses and combination work

Wironium® extrahard

since 1987

> > > > >

exclusive, high-grade alloy optimized for laser welding easy reactivation of clasps allows delicate frameworks certified biological material

universal: clasp prostheses and combination work

Wironium®

since 1972

> > > > >

exclusive, high-grade alloy optimized for laser welding easy reactivation of clasps allows delicate frameworks certified biological material

classic: clasp prostheses

Wironit® LA

since 1997

> > > > >

optimized for laser welding high-grade alloy reactivation of clasps allows delicate frameworks certified biological material

universal: clasp prostheses and combination work

Wironit® extrahard

since 1955

> certified biological material > high-grade alloy > allows delicate frameworks

universal: clasp prostheses and combination work

Wironit®

since 1953

> certified biological material > reactivation of clasps

classic: clasp prostheses

BEGO-GOLD

Convincing through performance and quality.

Instilling confidence among dentists and patients.

Reliability based on over 115 years of experience.

Solders Solder

REF

Composition % by mass (x = < 1 %)

Other elements

Colour code

Working temperatur [°C] [°F]

Au

Pt

Pd

Ag

Cu

Sn

Zn

In

BEGO-Gold-Lot I

61017

72.0

1.9

1.0

8.0

7.0

–

10.0

–

Re

2

810 (1490)

BEGO-Gold-Lot II

61043

73.0

1.9

–

10.0

3.0

–

12.0

–

Re

3

765 (1409)

BegoStar - Lot

61081

55.0

–

10.0

34.0

–

–

–

1.0

–

8

1125 (2057)

Bio PlatinLloyd -Lot before firing

61108

90.7

2.0

–

–

–

–

7.2

–

Ir

3

870 (1598)

Bio PlatinLloyd®-Lot after firing

61109

68.5

1.6

–

13.8

–

–

16.0

–

Ir

6

710 (1310)

Gold-EWL®-Lot I

61066

12.0

–

16.0

51.0

15.0

2.4

3.5

x

–

8

910 (1670)

Gold-EWL -Lot II

61067

15.0

–

14.0

43.0

19.0

3.5

5.0

PontoLloyd®-Lot

61074

75.8

–

5.9

17.0

0.5

0.1

–

PontoRex®-Lot before firing

61038

76.0

2.9

–

10.0

6.0

–

5.0

PontoRex®-Lot after firing

61039

72.5

x

–

10.0

3.0

–

PontoStar®-G-Lot

61045

64.0

x

–

34.8

–

–

Pre-flux U Gold-Lot with integrated flux

61028

73.0

–

–

9.5

12.5

1.9

®

®

®

x

–

8

820 (1508)

0.1

Re, Fe

7

1120 (2048)

–

Ir

2

880 (1616)

11.9

2.0

Ir

2

710 (1310)

–

x

Rh

2

1030 (1886)

3.0

x

–

2

810 (1490)

Additional materials for laser welding Availability

Composition % by mass

AuroLloyd® KF wire

Au 55 · Ag 29.2 · Pd 10 · In 3.5 · Zn 1.2 · Sn 1 · Ru

Thickness / mm 0.35

approx. 5 g

Quantity

61153

REF

BegoCer® G wire

Au 51.5 · Pd 38.4 · In 8.7 · Ga 1.3 · Ru

0.35

approx. 5 g

61164

BegoLloyd® LFC wire

Au 62.8 · Ag 25 · Pd 5.7 · Pt 3 · Zn 2.2 · In 1.2 · Ru

0.35

approx. 5 g

61168

BegoLloyd PF wire

Au 62.5 · Ag 22 · Cu 9.1 · Pt 4.3 · Zn 1.9 · Ir

0.35

approx. 5 g

61156

BegoPal® 300 wire

Pd 75.4 · In 6.3 · Ag 6.2 · Au 6 · Ga 6 · Ru

0.35

approx. 5 g

61165

Bio PlatinLloyd® wire

Au 75.1 · Ag 14.8 · Pt 7.8 · Zn 1.8 · Rh · Mn · Mg

0.35

approx. 5 g

61161

®

Bio PontoStar wire

Au 87 · Pt 10.6 · Zn 1.5 · In · Rh · Mn · Ta

0.35

approx. 5 g

61157

Bio PontoStar® XL wire ‚ ECO d OR wire

Au 86 · Pt 11.5 · Zn 1.6 · Fe · Rh · In

0.35

approx. 5 g

61167

Ag 40.5 · Au 38.1 · Pd 13.0 · In 8.0 · Mn · Ta

0.35

approx. 5 g

61170

InLloyd® 100 wire

Au 78.1 · Ag 15.5 · Pt 3.9 · Zn 2.4 · Ir

0.35

approx. 5 g

61163

PlatinLloyd 100 wire

Au 72 · Ag 13.7 · Cu 9.8 · Pt 3.5 · Zn · Ir

0.35

approx. 5 g

61152

PlatinLloyd® KF wire

Au 72.8 · Ag 16.1 · Pd 5.7 · Zn 3 · Pt 2 · Mn · Rh

0.35

approx. 5 g

61158

PlatinLloyd M wire

Au 70 · Ag 11.7 · Cu 10 · Pt 5 · Zn 1.9 · Pd 1 · In · Re

0.35

approx. 5 g

61155

PlatinLloyd® G wire

Au 84.1 · Pt 8.3 · Pd 4.8 · In 2.7 · Ta

0.35

approx. 5 g

61166

®

®

®

PontoLloyd® P wire

Au 77.5 · Pt 9.9 · Pd 8.9 · In 1.4 · Ag 1 · Sn · Fe · Cu · Ir

0.35

approx. 5 g

61154

PontoRex® G wire

Au 70 · Ag 13.2 · Pt 9.4 · Cu 3 · Zn 2 · In 1.9 · Rh · Ir

0.35

approx. 5 g

61151

PontoStar® G wire

Au 85.6 · Pt 11.4 · In 2.3 · Fe · Rh

0.35

approx. 5 g

61150

Wiroweld (CoCrMo, C-free)

Co 63.5 · Cr 29 · Mo 5.5 · Si 1 · Mn 1

0.35

2m

50003

Wiroweld (CoCrMo, C-free)

Co 63.5 · Cr 29 · Mo 5.5 · Si 1 · Mn 1

0.5

1.5 m

50005

Wiroweld NC (CoCrMo, C-free)

Ni 63.8 · Cr 22.1 · Mo 9.1 · Nb 3 · Si 1 · Fe 1

0.35

approx. 5.5 m

50006

Titan wire, grade 2

Ti 100

0.35

approx. 5 m

50008

Standards ISO

Bio certificate

✓

PontoLloyd® P

▲

✓

✓

✓

✓

BegoCer® G

BegoStar®

BegoPal® 300

BegoPal® S

REF

61086

61105

61080

61097

61100

61087

61106

61030

61046

61104

61140

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

Type according ISO 22674

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

PontoRex G

PlatinLloyd® KF

BegoLloyd® LFC

AuroLoyd® KF

ECO d’OR

BegoStar® LFC

▲

▲

▲

▲

▲

▲

▲

■

■

■

■

Gold-EWL H

61071

61082

61054

61037

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

61041

61036

(4)

(4)

(2)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

61009

61020

61120

61107

61112

61052

61116

61025

61016

61125

8

5

5

4

4

4

4

3

2

8

6

6

5

4

4

4

8

8

8

8

8

8

6

7

4

5

5

Colour code No.

Pt

2.0

49.5

54.0

60.0

65.0

62.5

70.0

72.0

78.1

x

38.1

55.0

62.8

72.8

70.0

75.1

–

6.0

54.0

51.5

75.0

77.5

84.1

–

–

1.0

0.5

x

4.3

5.0

3.5

3.9

–

–

–

3.0

2.0

9.4

7.8

–

–

–

–

–

9.9

8.3

77.6 18.8

85.6 11.4

87.0 10.6

86.0 11.5

Au

–

3.0

1.0

–

x

–

–

–

Ag

6.2

13.2

14.8

13.7

15.5

9.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.0

–

–

–

–

–

–

x

–

–

–

–

–

Cu

22.0

9.1

8.0

27.5 58.5 11.0

3.4 35.0 10.0

5.0 29.0

5.5 21.0 10.0

3.1 19.1 10.0

–

1.0 11.7 10.0

–

–

35.0 58.9

13.0 40.5

10.0 29.2

5.7 25.0

5.7 16.1

–

–

57.5 31.5

75.4

26.5 15.5

38.4

17.9

8.9

4.8

–

–

–

–

Pd

Warranty: Whether given verbally, in writing or by practical instructions, our recommendations for use are based upon our own experience and trials and can be considered as standard values. Our products are subject to a constant further development. Therefore alterations in construction and composition are reserved.

®

®

Midigold

■

BegoLloyd® 60

AuroLloyd M

■

✓

BegoLloyd® M

®

®

BegoLloyd PF

■

■

✓

PlatinLloyd® 100

■

PlatinLloyd M

✓

InLloyd® 100

Alloys for crowns and bridges

®

BioPlatinLloyd®

Alloys for high expanding, low fusing ceramics

▲

▲

▲

▲

PontoLloyd® L

▲

▲

✓

▲

PontoLloyd® G

✓

PontoStar® G

▲

▲

▲

✓

Bio PontoStar®

PontoStar® H

✓

Bio PontoStar® XL

Alloys for conventional ceramics

2.2

3.0

2.0

1.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.2

–

1.5

1.6

Zn

–

x

x

–

x

–

–

0197

1.0

– –

2.0

1.0 1.9

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

x

2.4

–

8.0

3.5

1.2

–

1.9

–

1.9

6.3

1.4

8.7

2.5

1.4

2.7

x

2.3

x

x

In

–

Ru

Ir

Ir

Ir

Ir

Re

Ir

Ir

Zr · Ru

Mn · Ta

Ru

Ru

Mn · Rh

Ir · Rh

Rh · Mn · Mg

Ru

Ru · Ga 6.0

Ru · Re

Ru · Ga 1.3

Re

Ir · Fe

Ta

Ir · Fe

Rh · Fe

Rh · Mn · Ta

Rh · Fe

1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2, 3, 4, 6

2, 3, 4, 6

1, 2, 3, 4, 6

2, 3, 4, 6

2, 3, 4, 6

2, 3, 4, 6

2, 3, 4, 6

1, 2

1, 2, 5, 6

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

2, 3, 4, 5, 6

2, 3, 4, 5, 6

2, 3, 4, 5, 6

1, 2, 4, 5, 6

1, 2, 4, 5, 6

2, 3, 4, 5, 6

2, 3, 4, 5, 6

2, 3, 4, 5, 6

2, 3, 4, 5, 6

2, 3, 4, 5, 6

2, 3, 4, 5, 6

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

1, 2, 4, 5

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Indications

BEGO-GOLD alloys and solders are medical devices in accordance with Regulation 93/42 EEC. According to Annex IX, the products are classified in Class IIa.

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.0 4.0

–

1.0 1.2

–

–

–

–

9.0

–

2.4

–

1.5

x

–

–

–

–

–

Sn

Other elements (< 1 %)

18.8

Density [g/cm3] 11.0

12.98

13.5

14.4

14.7

14.5

15.7

15.5

16.5

10.8

13.1

13.9

14.6

15.6

16.2

16.3

11.1

11.0

13.8

14.3

16.3

17.9

18.1

18.5

18.0

18.8

155

180

235

250

260

235

240

270

220

150

200

215

200

225

250

200

205

220

240

225

220

205

205

200

220

175

225

215

after casting / firing 220

hardened 205

245

270

260

240

245

285

225

150

–

220

220

225

255

220

215

230

260

230

230

220

210

210

220

190

235

330

225

350

370

350

370

440

340

200

–

–

315

330

330

310

330

400

450

460

475

350

470

430

380

225

380

330

soft

■ = ISO 22674

+ ISO 22674

▲ = ISO 9693

Standards

150

120

190

160

155

175

190

155

120

175

–

150

150

155

155

165

210

220

205

190

150

175

190

150

130

160

500

after casting / firing 750

620

455

600

560

620

650

500

245

400

500

480

575

580

440

490

480

520

510

520

530

490

470

520

430

550

510

hardened 18

39

15

12

35

50

25

25

40

26

–

–

18

23

18

16

10

10

30

21

19

26

7

10

10

13

11

7

7

5

6

20

23

10

11

15

12

12

7

7

13

6

11

6

7

28

15

16

8

5

6

6

9

8

6

5

3

4

20

21

9

8

14

12

–

8

6

6

4

9

5

6

25

13

12

6

4

3

6

8

6

100

Modulus of elasticity approx. [Gpa] 108

93

107

103

102

105

98

95

90

113

114

106

105

120

100

120

118

135

113

125

110

110

100

115

92

100

Average grain size [ m] 60

50

30

30

30

20

20

25

40

40

40

40

25

30

20

25

50

35

30

40

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

Melting interval [°C] [°F]

Preheating temperature [°C] [°F]

CTE 25-500 °C (20-600 °C) [10-6 x K-1] (°F)

°C

Oxide fire

1100 (2010) 1050 (1920) 1020 (1870) 1030 (1890) 1050 (1920) 1050 (1920) 1100 (2010) 1030 (1890) 1230 (2250)

900-940 (1652-1724) 880- 940 (1616-1724) 870- 915 (1598-1679) 860- 940 (1580-1724) 870- 930 (1598-1706) 860- 920 (1580-1688) 830- 920 (1526-1688) 930-1030 (1706-1886)

1250 (2280) 1150 (2100) 1200 (2190) 1250 (2280) 1230 (2250) 1200 (2190) 1300 (2370)

10

2-3

10

2-3

10

10

10

10

10

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

16.6 (16.8)

17.0 (17.4)

17.1 (17.3)

16.4 (16.9)

16.2 (16.4)

16.1 (16.3)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

800 (1470) 800 (1470) 800 (1470) 800 (1470) 800 (1470) 780 (1440)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

5

10

5

10

10

16.0 (16.2) (1440) 10

780

5 10

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

✓

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

7 6

8

BEGO-Gold-Lot I BEGO-Gold-Lot II Pre-flux U Goldlot BEGO-Gold-Lot I BEGO-Gold-Lot II Pre-flux U Goldlot BEGO-Gold-Lot I BEGO-Gold-Lot II Pre-flux U Goldlot BEGO-Gold-Lot I BEGO-Gold-Lot II Pre-flux U Goldlot BEGO-Gold-Lot I BEGO-Gold-Lot II Pre-flux U Goldlot BEGO-Gold-Lot I BEGO-Gold-Lot II Pre-flux U Goldlot BEGO-Gold-Lot I BEGO-Gold-Lot II Pre-flux U Goldlot BEGO-Gold-Lot I BEGO-Gold-Lot II Pre-flux U Goldlot Gold-EWL®-Lot I Gold-EWL®-Lot II

● Bio PlatinLloyd®-Lot ■ Bio PlatinLloyd®-Lot ● PontoRex®-Lot ■ PontoRex®-Lot ● PontoRex®-Lot ■ PontoRex®-Lot ● Bio PlatinLloyd®-Lot ■ Bio PlatinLloyd®-Lot ● PontoRex®-Lot ■ PontoRex®-Lot ● Bio PlatinLloyd®-Lot ■ Bio PlatinLloyd®-Lot ● PontoRex®-Lot ■ PontoRex®-Lot

5

1

810°C 765°C 810°C 810°C 765°C 810°C 810°C 765°C 810°C 810°C 765°C 810°C 810°C 765°C 810°C 810°C 765°C 810°C 810°C 765°C 810°C 810°C 765°C 810°C 910°C 820°C

870°C 710°C 880°C 710°C 880°C 710°C 870°C 710°C 880°C 710°C 870°C 710°C 880°C 710°C

1030°C 810°C 1030°C 810°C 1030°C 810°C 1030°C 810°C 1030°C 810°C 1120°C 810°C 1120°C 810°C 1125°C 810°C 1125°C 810°C 1125°C 810°C 1125°C 810°C

● Before firing ■ After firing

Solders

● PontoStar® G-Lot ■ BEGO-Gold-Lot I ● PontoStar® G-Lot ■ BEGO-Gold-Lot I ● PontoStar® G-Lot ■ BEGO-Gold-Lot I ● PontoStar® G-Lot ■ BEGO-Gold-Lot I ● PontoStar® G-Lot ■ BEGO-Gold-Lot I ● PontoLloyd®-Lot ■ BEGO-Gold-Lot I ● PontoLloyd®-Lot ■ BEGO-Gold-Lot I ● BegoStar®-Lot ■ BEGO-Gold-Lot I ● BegoStar®-Lot ■ BEGO-Gold-Lot I ● BegoStar®-Lot ■ BEGO-Gold-Lot I ● BegoStar®-Lot ■ BEGO-Gold-Lot I

The specified data are standard values. Subject to change.

The BEGO-GOLD Colour code The colour fields with the figures listed in the characteristics of alloys approximately correspond to the intensity of the colours of the alloys.

700 (1290)

700 (1290)

700 (1290)

700 (1290)

700 (1290)

700 (1290)

700 (1290)

700 (1290)

700 (1290)

700 (1290) 700 (1290) 700 -750 (1290-1380) 700 (1290) 700 (1290) 800 (1470) 700 (1290)

900 1270 850 14.2 (14.4) (1650) (2320) (1560) 950 1270 850 14.2 (14.4) (1740) (2320) (1560) 950 1320 850 14.4 (14.6) (1740) (2410) (1560) 950 1320 850 13.8 (14.0) (1740) (2410) (1560) 960 1370 850 14.1 (14.3) (1760) (2500) (1560) 960 1380 850 13.8 (14.0) (1760) (2520) (1560) 960 1430 850 14.1 (14.3) (1760) (2610) (1560) 960 1450-1500 850-950 13.7 (13.9) (1760) (2640-2730) (1560-1740) 960 1420 850 14.0 (14.2) (1760) (2590) (1560) 960 1390-1440 850-950 (2530-2620) (1560-1740) 13.8 (14.0) (1760) 960 1450 850 14.4 (14.6) (1760) (2640) (1560)

935-1005 (1715-1841)

990-1065 (1814-1949) 910-995 (1670-1823) 980-1070 (1796-1958) 985-1060 (1805-1940) 950-1060 (1742-1940) 975-1030 (1787-1886) 1080 -1150 (1976- 2102)

1045-1100 (1913-2012) 1040-1150 (1904-2102) 1055-1140 (1931-2084) 1080-1180 (1976-2156) 1100-1230 (2012-2246) 1145-1215 (2093-2219) 1150-1240 (2100-2264) 1155-1310 (2111-2390) 1230-1280 (2246-2336) 1175-1320 (2147-2408) 1210-1290 (2210-2354)

Casting temperature approx. [°C] [°F]

Indications 1 = Inlays 2 = Onlays 3 = Partial dentures 4 = Bridges, milled telescopes, bars and attachments 5 = Crown and bridge frames for metal ceramics 6 = Superstructures

820

650

460

600

570

640

690

510

245

–

565

520

575

600

450

520

520

540

530

550

560

500

495

520

480

560

soft

Ducile yield (A5) [%] after casting / firing

Elongation limit (Rp 0,2) [Mpa]

hardened

Vickers hardness (HV 5)

soft

Composition % by mass (x = < 1 %)

Min.

Alloy

with vacuum

The BEGO-GOLD range – Focusing on the essentials

Laser welding · Identically welding material available

4

2 3

(1490°F) (1409°F) (1490°F) (1490°F) (1409°F) (1490°F) (1490°F) (1409°F) (1490°F) (1490°F) (1409°F) (1490°F) (1490°F) (1409°F) (1490°F) (1490°F) (1409°F) (1490°F) (1490°F) (1409°F) (1490°F) (1490°F) (1409°F) (1490°F) (1670°F) (1508°F)

(1598°F) (1310°F) (1616°F) (1310°F) (1616°F) (1310°F) (1598°F) (1310°F) (1616°F) (1310°F) (1598°F) (1310°F) (1616°F) (1310°F)

(1886°F) (1490°F) (1886°F) (1490°F) (1886°F) (1490°F) (1886°F) (1490°F) (1886°F) (1490°F) (2048°F) (1490°F) (2048°F) (1490°F) (2057°F) (1490°F) (2057°F) (1490°F) (2057°F) (1490°F) (2057°F) (1490°F)

BEGO is official co-partner of the German Olympic teams at

Beijing 2008

BEGO Service telephone numbers Switchboard

+49 421 20 28 - 0

BEGO TRAINING CENTER academia · dental and Office

- 371

Process Technology (Product Consulting) BEGO TRAINING CENTER

- 282 / -380

Order Planning by fax free of charge at or on the Internet at

+49 800 - 23 46 46 53 shop.bego.com (without www.)

Equipment Service Gerhard Westermann

- 270

Ramon Bujan

- 274

Detlef Jüptner

- 273

BEGO Bremer Goldschlägerei Wilh. Herbst GmbH & Co. KG · Technologiepark Universität Wilhelm-Herbst-Straße 1 · D-28359 Bremen · Germany Tel. +49 421 20 28 - 0 · Fax +49 421 20 28 -100 www.bego.com · info@bego.com BEGO Canada 700, boul. du Parc Technologique · Québec GIP 4S3 Tel. +1 418 683 - 6567 · Fax +1 418 683 -7354

BEGO USA Inc. 24 Albion Road (Suite 103), Lincoln RI 02865 Tel. +1401 334 - 9261 · Fax +1401 334 - 9265

c Te

Tel. + 33 14179 1290 · Fax + 33 14518 0235 france@bego.com

nB Oi

2 rue du Nouveau Bercy, 94220 Charenton le pont

BEG

BEGO France

rem

en

–

info@begousa.com

hn

o

ie log

par

iver k Un

sity

REF 82093 • 3 m Kr/MD • © 2008 by BEGO • 2008-05

info@begocanada.com