Casing under free online training of petroleum courses in Rawalpindi
The successful production of oil and gas depends on the proper performance of casing, which serves as a structural retainer in the well, excludes undesirable fluids, and con-fines and conducts oil or gas from subsurface strata to ground level. Technical Data used in the field explained in petroleum courses in rawalpindi Casing must be capable of withstanding external collapsing pressure from fluid surrounding the casing, internal pressure encountered in conducting oil or gas from the producing formation, and tension loads resulting from its own suspended weight. It also must be equipped with threaded joints that can be made up easily and that provide leakproof connections. API Casing API developed specifications for casing that meet the major needs of the oil and gas industry and published these in API specifications and bulletins. I-6 These provide stan-dard dimensions, strength and performance properties,and the required thread-gauging practice to ensure com-plete interchangeability. In addition to the API strength grades, the following tables include information on higher-strength casing de- veloped to meet the needs of unusually deep wells. give the tensile requirements and range lengths of API casing and liner casing. lists the mini-mum performance properties of casing. Some more details of petroleum courses in rawalpindi are as under. lists the minimum collapse resistance under axial loads for various API casing grades. give the dimensions, weights, and tolerances of round-thread and buttress-thread coupling and length of upset for extreme-line API Factors for conversion of gross linear footage to net footage of API short-thread, long-thread, buttress-thread. and extreme-line casings are shown in respectively. Equations for calculating performance properties of casing are given in a later section. TSK Training for Skills and Knowledge is the best institute in Rawalpindi Islamabad for Pakistani Students who wants to join petroleum courses in Rawalpindi. Special Casing Joints A number of special casing joints are available that are useful where higher strength, leak resistance, or clearance is needed than that provided by the standard API round-thread, buttress-thread, or extremeline casing joints.These special joints obtain their improved properties by various means, such as (1) couplings or box ends with seal rings of teflon, etc.; (2) special thread profiles, such as Acme; (3) torque shoulders; (4) metal-to-metal seals; (5) internal upsets; (6) external upsets; (7) integral joints; and (8) flush joints.