T HE N E W B E L L M U SE U M OF N ATU RAL H I STO RY AN ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
CONTENTS
NARRATIVE
Concepts and Design Goals
PLANS
Sections, Elevations + Floor Plans
CLIMATE ANALYSIS Minneapolis, MN + Chicago, IL
GOAL SETTING AND ENERGY USE INTENSITY Design Iterations + Net-Zero
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Daylighting + Thermal Comfort
HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING Heating + Cooling Diagram
ENERGY USE AND PHOTOVOLTAICS Renewables + Net-Positive
NARRATIVE
The new Bell Museum of Natural History needed to shed its old and dated cocoon on the East Bank Campus of the University of Minnesota. The outdated building could no longer serve the museum’s functions and keep up the attendance necessary to provide necessary funds to the museum. Designing a new Bell Museum became our Graduate Design 1 studio project. After having several conversations with Jim Roe, a specialist in museum planning, as well as Don Luce, the Bell Museum Curator of Exhibits, we began our exploration into creating an innovative and progressive museum experience. The historic dioramas which are crucial to the experience of the Bell Museum needed to be presented in a new way. By using a double curtain wall on the main facade of the museum, the reflections of the rural St. Paul Campus site and the reflections of the dioramas, are superimposed on one another. The new planetarium resembles a setting moon, anchoring the plan of the museum and providing a pivot point for parallax from the street. This parallax is enhanced by the four parallel walls that create the parti of the building. The double curtain wall provides energy efficiency as well as a surface to frame the fields across the street and capture the rising sun. Two heavy walls, providing vertical circulation as well as ventilation and mechanical, anchor the flying glass wall. Finally a metal screen wall is used to frame an opening for a stage, allowing the planetarium to be used as a backdrop for outdoor exhibits and performances.
Larpenteur Avenue
Cleveland Avenue
N
0
20
40
80
200
FIRST FLOOR PLAN - SITE PLAN 1/50” = 1’-0”
2 MI
1 MI .5 MI
MINNEAPOLIS
ST. PAUL
NARRATIVE
NARRATIVE
NARRATIVE
DESIGN GOALS
- Create a dynamic and interactive environment for visitors and exhibits to induce a learning environment. - Blend the building with the natural environment. - Energy efficient building to serve as a example for future generations. - Outdoor exhibit spaces that double as a water treatment wetland.
NON NEGOTIABLE ITEMS
- East facing reflective wall. - Long north/south axis. - Location of planetarium. - Entry off Cleveland Avenue.
PLANS
FIRST FLOOR PLAN OUTDOOR EXHIBIT/ EDUCATION AREA
PLANETARIUM EVENT SPACE
EXHIBITS
EXHIBITS ENTRY/GATHERING
THIRD FLOOR PLAN
EXHIBITS
AUDITORIUM
EXHIBITS
EXHIBITS
SECTIONS
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
TRANSVERSE SECTION
SECTIONS
SITE SECTION/ELEVATION
WALL SECTION
CLIMATE ANALYSIS THE NEW BELL MUSEUM SITE SECTION/ELEVATION OF NATURAL HISTORY
SITE CLIMATE:
- Falcon Heights, MN
ANNUAL TEMPERATURE:
- Mean: 46째F - Average Low: 37째F - Average High: 54째F
DESIGN STRATEGIES:
- Heating and Humidification 54% - Internal Heat Gain 21.1% - Passive Solar Direct Gain 9.6% - Natural Ventilation 10%
RICHARD J. KLARCHEK INFORMATION COMMONS
PRECEDENT CLIMATE:
- Chicago, IL
ANNUAL TEMPERATURE:
- Mean: 49째F - Average Low: 40째F - Average High: 58째F
DESIGN STRATEGIES:
- Heating and Humidification 52.6% - Internal Heat Gain 20.25% - Passive Solar Direct Gain 8.7% - Natural Ventilation 11.1%
GOAL SETTING AND ENERGY USE INTENSITY (EUI) ENERGY STAR BASE BASELINE DESIGN DESIGN #1 DESIGN #2 DESIGN #3 DESIGN #4 ENERGY STAR TARGET FINAL DESIGN
NET-ZERO & NET-POSITIVE
47 EUI 46 EUI 37 EUI 35 EUI 34 EUI 22 EUI 14.1 EUI 13 EUI
BASELINE DESIGN
Modelled to the building as it was from the design studio. The original design did not focus on energy or IEQ, only the project requirements.
DESIGN ITERATION #1
37
kBTU/ft2/yr
Applied shading to parts of the main facade with the screen wall. Mixing wood cladding and glazing helped lower the EUI.
DESIGN ITERATION #2
Removing the office wing and expanding the building to the west to keep the same square footage necessary for programing lowered the EUI further.
DESIGN ITERATION #3
34
kBTU/ft2/yr
Placing fixed solar shades on the south face of the building to help prevent glare and create a better IEQ. These solar shades can be fitted with photovoltaic panels.
DESIGN ITERATION #4
22
kBTU/ft2/yr
Applied low-e and reflective coating to the glazing helps prevent solar heat gain and strengthens the design goals. Occupancy sensors, automatic shades, and a light control system improves the EUI.
FINAL DESIGN ITERATION
LED lighting, efficient appliances, and geothermal heat pumps lower the EUI further to achieve the target EUI.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
BASELINE DESIGN
- Daylight is not even throughout the building. - The glare is extremely high. - Not suitable for a museum. - Thermal comfort is OK.
FINAL DESIGN
46 EUI
13 EUI
- Daylight is more even in gallery spaces. - The glare is moderate. - With the addition of automatic blinds light levels can be controlled easily. - 80% thermal comfort achieved with standard HVAC
TYPICAL GALLERY SPACE
HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC) HEATING MODE
EXHAUST AIR
37º CAMPUS CHILLER PLANT CHILLED WATER SUPPLY CHILLED WATER RETURN
60º
70º RETURN AIR FROM GALLERIES
VFD
70º SUPPLY AIR TO GALLERIES
REHEAT/HEATING
23º
COOLING COIL
-10º
COOLING COIL
RECOVERY COIL PRECOOL/RECOV. HEAT
RETURN AIR
OUTSIDE AIR
COOLING COIL
RETURN AIR FROM GALLERIES
72º DISTRICT ENERGY/BOILER
CHECK VALVE FOR ISOLATING HEAT AND HEATING HOT WATER CIRCUITS
DUAL TEMPERATURE WATER SUPPLY
VFD
AIR SEPARATOR
GLYCOL FILL STATION
EXPANSION TANK
72º
ENERGY RECOVERY LOOP
GEOTHERMAL COILS
HEAT EXCHANGER
DUAL TEMPERATURE WATER RETURN
EXHAUST AIR
COOLING MODE
CAMPUS CHILLER PLANT CHILLED WATER SUPPLY
RETURN AIR FROM GALLERIES
85º
55º 65º
VFD
72º
55º
REHEAT/HEATING
COOLING COIL
RECOVERY COIL
95º
COOLING COIL
OUTSIDE AIR
72º
PRECOOL/RECOV. HEAT
RETURN AIR
COOLING COIL
CHILLED WATER RETURN
65º
SUPPLY AIR TO GALLERIES
65º
DISTRICT ENERGY/BOILER
CHECK VALVE FOR ISOLATING HEAT AND HEATING HOT WATER CIRCUITS
DUAL TEMPERATURE WATER SUPPLY
72º VFD
RETURN AIR FROM GALLERIES
AIR SEPARATOR
GLYCOL FILL STATION
EXPANSION TANK
ENERGY RECOVERY LOOP
GEOTHERMAL COILS
HEAT EXCHANGER
DUAL TEMPERATURE WATER RETURN
ENERGY USE AND PHOTOVOLTAICS
SOLAR ENERGY CALCULATIONS 33,900 ft2 @ 70% Capacity = 2 1,320 ft @ 100% Capacity = Available Capacity =
23,730 ft2 1,320 ft2 25,050 ft2
25,050 ft2 produces 482,740 kWH/yr 482,740 kWH/yr = 1,647,177.25 kBTU/yr
ENERGY USAGE CALCULATIONS Building Area : 107,000 ft2 Energy Use Intensity: 13 kBTU/ft2/yr Annual Energy Use:
107,000 ft2 x 13 kBTU/ft2/yr = 1,391,000 kBTU/yr
Annual Energy Availability: 1,647,177.25 kBTU/yr Annual Energy Use: - 1,391,000.00 kBTU/yr Surplus Energy: 256,177.25 kBTU/yr Living Building Challenge Requirement: Bell Museum Surplus Energy Percent:
5% net-positive 18% net-positive