Orkot marine bearings engineering manual by Trelleborgseals

T R EL L EB O RG S E A L I N G S O LU T I O N S

Orkot速 Marine Bearings ENGINEERING MANUAL

YO U R PA R T N ER F O R S E A L I N G T EC H N O LO GY

 Contents 03 General

03 Introduction 03 Material description 03 Manufacturing 03 Management systems and classification

12 Bearing and Design Pressure 12 Material Selection 12 Shaft Requirements 12 Design 16 Machining Tolerance

Water-Lubricated SternTube Bearings

Properties / Specifications

04 Material Datasheet- Metric 05 Material Datasheet- Inch 06 Service and Support 06 Website 06 Worldwide Availability 07 Marine Stock Tube Sizes 08 Marine Stock Sheet Sizes 08 Standard Production Capacity Guidelines

17 Installation 17 Fitting Methods (Freezing, Pressing and Bonding) 20 Machining Instructions 22 Health and Safety Data 26 Calculation Sheets

31 Contacts 09

Rudder Bearings

09 Bearing and Design Pressure 09 Material Selection 09 Lubrication 09 Housing and Shaft Requirements 10 Design 11 Machining Tolerance

2 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

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O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ General

General 

 Introduction

Orkot® is the brand name of a range of proprietary composite bearing materials consisting of a matrix of fabric-reinforced polymers from Trelleborg Sealing Solutions. Orkot® is exclusively manufactured in three locations: United Kingdom, United States and China. For over 60 years Orkot® bearings have been used in industrial, offshore oil & gas and shipbuilding applications. Orkot® TLMM and TXMM bearing materials carry approval by classification societies worldwide. Many applications, such as steering and propulsion of merchant and navy ships, involve safety critical parts. Orkot® Marine Bearings are manufactured from a unique synthetic composite incorporating solid lubricants for dry running to ensure outstanding wear life. Virtually no swelling in sea water and very low thermal coefficient of expansion provide dimensional stability in arctic and tropical seas. They do not corrode or promote corrosion of the housing and tolerate both edge loading and misalignment. Orkot® TXMM has been tested in independent test installations, including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and is approved for use in marine applications. Extensive experience has been gained within the shipbuilding and offshore industries with a wide range of applications on board both merchant and military vessels.

 Material description

Orkot® thermosetting materials, at the molecular level, incorporate long chains of chemically cross-linked polymer molecules in a dense, 3D network. This cross-linked network ensures the integrity of the solid material. Once the polymer has become solid (cured) it possesses a high mechanical and chemical stability. Unlike in thermoplastic polymers, the solidifying process in Orkot® materials is irreversible. The polymer does not exhibit a melting point at high temperature, nor does it have a glass transition point at low temperature. There is no risk of brittleness or chatter when used in extremely cold, even cryogenic conditions.

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 Manufacturing

The fabric and reinforced polymer matrix are processed into either tubes or flat sheets. After subsequent curing, the result is a product with a laminated structure, designed to withstand extremely high pressure perpendicular to the laminate. The polymer matrix is backed up by additional reinforcement in the form of a woven fabric made of synthetic fibers. Organic fibers, such as cotton, are not used due to their tendency to swell in water. The design of Orkot® Marine Bearings should take into account the current rules and regulations of the relevant classification society.

 Management Systems and Classification

Trelleborg Sealing Solutions operate a fully integrated management system which incorporates, ISO 9001 Quality Management System, ISO 14001 Environmental Management System and OHSAS 18001 Health and Safety Management System. Strict quality control and testing ensure material conformance and batch traceability. Routine testing is performed to simulate the extreme operational environments where the materials are used. Type approval certification is held for Orkot® TLM Marine and TXM Marine grades from the world’s leading classification societies. We can supply full listing of the certificates we hold upon request.

TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 3

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Properties / Specifications

Properties / Specifications 

 Material Datasheet, metric units Properties

Unit

TLMM

TXMM

Compressive Strength Normal to Laminate

N/mm2

>300

> 280

Parallel to Laminate

>90

>60

>55

>65

N/mm2 • 104

0.19

0.18

0.32

N/mm

KJ/m2

120

Rockwell M

g/in

1.3

% of wall thickness

<0.1

for normal use (Without special precautions)

°C

-30 to +65

Maximum operating temperature

°C

130

Minimum operating temperature

°C

Cryogenic

9 - 10

5-6

0.13

0.05 - 0.10

Tensile Strength Flexural Strength

N/mm N/mm N/mm

Elastic Modulus Bending Tensile Shear Strengh

N/mm • 10 2

Impact Strength (ISO 179/1987 Charpy Impact Unnotched Normal to Laminate Hardness Density Swell in Water

Operation Temperature

Thermal Expansion Coefficient 20°C - 100°C Perpendicular to Laminate Parallel to Laminate

°C • 105 5

°C • 10

Sliding Properties Typical coefficient of friction dry against a corrosion resistant surface such as stainless steel. Bearing pressure 15 N/mm2

4 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

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O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Properties / Specifications

 Material Datasheet, inch units Properties

Unit

TLMM

TXMM

Normal to Laminate

psi

> 43,511

> 40,611

Parallel to Laminate

psi

>13,053

Tensile Strength

psi

> 8,702

> 7,977

Flexural Strength

psi

> 9,427

psi • 104

27.6

26.1

46.4

lbs/in

11,603

ft-lbs/in2

Rockwell M

lbs/in

0.047

% of wall thickness

<0.1

for normal use (Without special precautions)

°F

-22 to +149

Maximum operating temperature

°F

266

Minimum operating temperature

°F

Cryogenic

°F • 105

5.0 - 5.5

2.7 - 3.3

0.13

0.05 - 0.10

Compressive Strength

Elastic Modulus Bending Tensile Shear Strengh

psi • 10 2

Impact Strength (ISO 179/1987 Charpy Impact Unnotched Normal to Laminate Hardness Density Swell in Water

Operation Temperature

Thermal Expansion Coefficient 68°F - 212°F Perpendicular to Laminate Parallel to Laminate

°F • 10

Sliding Properties Typical coefficient of friction dry against a corrosion resistant surface such as stainless steel. Bearing pressure 2,175 psi

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TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 5

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Properties / Specifications

 Service and Support

Trelleborg Sealing Solutions have a team of experienced and highly skilled engineers who offer a full and complete service tailored to your specific requirements. Some aspects of this service are: - Recommendations on adapting our bearings to specific environmental and operational conditions. - Calculation of bearing dimensions for pre-despatch or on site machining - Technical assistance with bearing installations - Full technical backup and support throughout the service life of the bearing - 24 hour emergency support This extensive support service is complimented by a comprehensive range of technical documentation and the Orkot® Marine Bearings calculation program.

 WebSite

Visit our website on: www.orkotmarine.com for general and technical information on Orkot® Marine Bearings products and applications. You will be able to view and download certificates, literature and other documents.

6 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

 World Wide Availability

Orkot® Marine Bearings distribution network is set up to meet the urgent demands of modern ship repairing. Standard Orkot® TLM Marine tubes, which can be shipped the same day, are stocked world wide by local distributors in the major ship repairing centres. These are backed up by additional large stocks in our manufacturing plants. Our modern, well equipped facilities can manufacture specific sizes of raw material in both tube and sheet form for despatch within 24 hours. They can also supply a full range of finished-machined products quickly and economically, including: - Plain bearings - Flanged bearings - Grooved bearings - Staves - Thrust bearings - Spherical bearings - Wear rings - Pads - Strips - Washers

Lastest information available at www.orkotmarine.com ˙ Edition 2014

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Properties / Specifications

 Marine Stock Tube Sizes Table 3: Tube mm (Available in Europe and Asia) European Part Number

OD (mm)

ID (mm)

Length (mm)

Weight (kg)

OD (inch)

ID (inch)

Length (inch)

Weight (lbs)

TLM 13

47.6

500

3.5

3.7

1.9

19.7

7.7

TLM 21

118

66.7

500

4.9

4.6

2.6

19.7

10.8

TLM 22

150

88.9

500

7.5

5.9

3.5

19.7

16.5

TLM 23A

170

108

500

8.8

6.7

4.3

19.7

19.4

TLM 23

190

120.7

600

12.5

7.5

4.8

23.6

27.6

TLM 24

230

146.1

700

21.9

9.1

5.8

27.6

48.3

TLM 26

305

177.8

780

49.1

12.0

7.0

30.7

108.2

TLM 29

370

235

650

53.3

14.6

9.3

25.6

117.5

TLM 29A

400

270

650

57.8

15.7

10.6

25.6

127.4

TLM 31

445

295

570

64.6

17.5

11.6

22.4

142.4

TLM 32

480

381

590

51.4

18.9

5.0

23.2

113.3

TLM 34

520

403

700

77.2

20.5

15.9

27.6

170.2

TLM 36

595

450

710

110.0

23.4

17.7

28.0

242.5

TLM 39

650

500

800

134.0

25.6

19.7

31.5

295.4

TLM 42

735

600

840

154.0

28.9

23.6

33.1

339.5

Weight (lbs)

ID (mm)

OD (mm)

Length (mm)

Weight (kg)

Table 4: Tube inch (Available in the Americas) TSS Part Number

ID (inch)

OD (inch)

Length (inch)

HTND000600TLMM

0.313

1.000

0.40

HTND000601TLMM

0.375

1.500

HTND000602TLMM

0.500

2.000

HTND000603TLMM

0.500

3.000

HTND000604TLMM

0.750

3.500

HTND000605TLMM

1.000

HTND000606TLMM

1.500

HTND000607TLMM HTND000608TLMM

7.94

25.40

304.80

0.18

0.93

9.53

38.10

304.80

0.42

3.32

12.70

50.80

609.60

1.51

7.75

12.70

76.20

609.60

3.51

10.35

19.05

88.90

609.60

4.69

4.000

13.28

25.40

101.60

609.60

6.02

4.500

15.94

38.10

114.30

609.60

7.23

2.000

5.000

18.60

50.80

127.00

609.60

8.43

2.000

6.000

28.34

50.80

152.40

609.60

12.85

HTND000609TLMM

2.500

4.500

12.40

63.50

114.30

609.60

5.62

HTND000610TLMM

3.000

6.000

23.91

76.20

152.40

609.60

10.84

HTND000611TLMM

3.500

7.000

32.54

88.90

177.80

609.60

14.76

HTND000612TLMM

5.000

8.000

34.53

127.00

203.20

609.60

15.66

HTND000613TLMM

6.000

11.000

75.27

152.40

279.40

609.60

34.14

HTND000614TLMM

7.500

12.000

77.70

190.50

304.80

609.60

35.24

HTND000615TLMM

9.000

14.000

101.83

228.60

355.60

609.60

46.19

HTND000616TLMM

11.000

16.000

119.54

279.40

406.40

609.60

54.22

HTND000617TLMM

13.000

18.000

137.25

330.20

457.20

609.60

62.26

HTND000618TLMM

15.000

20.000

154.96

381.00

508.00

609.60

70.29

HTND000619TLMM

17.000

22.000

172.67

431.80

558.80

609.60

78.32

HTND000620TLMM

19.000

24.000

190.38

482.60

609.60

86.35

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TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 7

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Properties / Specifications

 Marine Stock Sheet Sizes Table 5: Sheet inches (Available in the Americas) TSS Part Number

Width (inch)

Length (inch)

Thickness (inch)

Weight (lbs)

Width (mm)

Length (mm)

Thickness (mm)

Weight (kg)

HPND000100TLMM

0.125

6.77

609.60

1219.20

3.18

3.07

HPND000101TLMM

0.250

13.54

609.60

1219.20

6.35

6.14

HPND000102TLMM

0.375

20.30

609.60

1219.20

9.53

9.21

HPND000103TLMM

0.500

27.07

609.60

1219.20

12.70

12.28

HPND000104TLMM

0.625

33.84

609.60

1219.20

15.88

15.35

HPND000105TLMM

0.750

40.61

609.60

1219.20

19.05

18.42

HPND000106TLMM

0.875

47.38

609.60

1219.20

22.23

21.49

HPND000107TLMM

1.000

54.14

609.60

1219.20

25.40

24.56

 Standard Production Capacity Guidelines

Trelleborg Sealing Solutions can manufacture parts within the following guidelines. For custom solutions, contact your local Trelleborg Sealing Solutions marketing company. - Tube products up to 2500mm (98 inches) outside diameter and 1250mm (49 inches) long - Sheets products up to 860mm (33 inches) wide and 3,000mm (118 inches) long

8 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

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O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Rudder Bearings

Rudder Bearings  This section provides general advice on rudder bearing design. It also provides the information required to allow the user to calculate the machining sizes of a rudder bearing before and after fitting. Page 27 shows a completed example of the Orkot® Marine Bearings calculation for you to examine. Page 26 contains a blank for you to complete your own calculation. Alternatively, please feel free to contact Trelleborg Sealing Solutions to provide advice on the machine sizes. A spreadsheet based calculation program is available upon request. Prior to carrying out any calculation, the following information must be available: - Minimum bearing operating temperature - Approximate ambient temperature during machining - Housing and shaft sizes with tolerances

 Bearing Design Pressure

Orkot® TLM Marine has classification approval for up to 15 N/mm2 (2,176 psi) in rudder bearing applications, while TXM Marine has approval for up to 20 N/mm² (2,900 psi) in rudder bearing and stern tube applications. Clearly, this is linked to the application and the other components involved. When looking only at the properties of Orkot® Marine bearings much higher loads can be sustained. Orkot® Marine bearings are in use in many other applications such as deck cranes, hatch cover slide pads, mooring systems and ship stabilisers operating at bearing pressures ranging from 25 up to 100 N/mm2 (3,626 up to 14,504 psi).

 Lubrication

Water, grease or oil can provide bearing lubrication depending on the application. No axial grooves are required with lubricated rudder bearings. Orkot® TLM Marine rudder bearings are capable of intermittent dry running against K-Monel®, Inconel® 625, Stellite®, duplex stainless and suitable corrosion resistant stainless steels.

 Housing and Shaft Requirements HOUSING The bearing housing internal diameter, particularly on refits, should be measured in at least three positions along its length. At least two measurements should then be taken at 90 degrees to each other in the radial plane and the resultant figures used to obtain the average diameters of each position. If the housing is oval or tapered Orkot® can still be used if the problem is not excessive: 0.1 mm per 100 mm (0.004 inches per 4 inches). The material has some elasticity, but it will not compensate for severe wear. It should be noted that the bearing will take the shape of the housing when fitted with an interference. The housing should be provided with an adequate chamfer to prevent shaving the bearing when press fitting.After fitting, the bearing should be retained at one end by a shoulder and for additional axial security a keeper ring may be used at the other. The following diagram illustrates this method.

 Material Selection

Orkot® TLM Marine is the preferred material grade for rudder stock, pintle, neck and carrier bearings. It incorporates solid lubricants which enable dry running to ensure outstanding wear life for all rudder bushes operating above or below the draft line. The material will operate without lubrication at pressures of 30 N/mm2 (4,351 psi) for short periods and has been tested at pressures of 14.5 N/mm2 (2,103 psi) with a velocity of 1.3 m/min (4.3 ft/min) for 1.5 million cycles with minimum lubrication. Orkot® TXM Marine is a high performance material which exhibits lower friction and wear properties than our TLM Marine grade. It is approved to operate without lubrication in rudder bearing applications and has been tested, with lubrication against stainless steel for submarine steering gear at 57 N/mm2 at 1 m/min (8,267 psi at 3.3 ft/min). Lastest information available at www.orkotmarine.com ˙ Edition 2014

Figure 1: Fitted bearing

SHAFT The shaft or liner surface in contact with an Orkot® Marine bearing when lubricated by water must be of corrosion resistant material to ensure low wear. Suitable materials are seawater corrosion resistant stainless steel, phosphor bronze, gunmetal, Inconel® 625 and Stellite®. The shaft should be smooth, without cutting edges. The ideal shaft surface finish is between 0.1 and 0.8 µm or 4 and 32 Ra micro inches.

TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 9

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Rudder Bearings

 Design

BEARING INTERFERENCE As with all polymer bearings, the interference required to hold the bearing in place during operation is higher than that required by metal bearings because the modulus of polymer materials is lower.

Wall Thickness Normally in refits, the wall thickness of the bearing is fixed by the shaft and housing dimensions.

Tables 6, 7, 8 and 9 show the various values for “m” and “c” that are required to calculate the recommended interference for Orkot® Marine rudder bearings. These values depend on the minimum operating temperature of the bearing and the temperature of the machine shop at the time of machining. These temperature figures should be used in relation with these tables when selecting the values of “m” and “c”.

For new bearing designs the optimum wall thickness should be calculated as: 0.035 x shaft diameter + 2 mm (0.08 inches) Any bearing design with a wall thickness below this value should always be checked by our engineering department to ensure it meets our minimum requirements.

Once these values have been obtained from the tables they should be entered into the following equation in order to calculate the required interference:

It should be noted that when an Orkot® Marine bearing of the optimum thickness is fitted into a housing the interference is reflected as a reduction of the bearings internal diameter after fitting, i.e. the wall thickness before and after fitting will normally remain constant. Bearings with thicker than optimum walls may give less bore closure.

Interference = (m x Housing ID) + c Once an interference value has been calculated it can be entered into the Marine Bearing Calculation.

BEARING CALCULATION VARIABLES

Table 7

Table 6: Operating Temp

Value of “m” Machining Temperature (°C)

Operating Temp

Value of “c”

(°C)

0.00131

0.00155

0.00178

0.00202

0.00225

0.00249

0.00273

-0.125

-10

0.00178

0.00202

0.00225

0.00249

0.00273

0.00296

0.00320

-10

-0.125

-20

0.00229

0.00253

0.00277

0.00300

0.00324

0.00347

0.00371

-20

-0.143

-30

0.00291

0.00311

0.00331

0.00351

0.00371

0.00391

0.00411

-30

-0.158

Table 8

Operating Temp

Value of “m” Machining Temperature (°F)

Operating Temp

Value of “c”

(°F)

0.00131

0.00155

0.00178

0.00202

0.00225

0.00249

0.00273

-0.00492

0.00178

0.00202

0.00225

0.00249

0.00273

0.00296

0.00320

-0.00492

-4

0.00229

0.00253

0.00277

0.00300

0.00324

0.00347

0.00371

-4

-0.00563

-22

0.00291

0.00311

0.00331

0.00351

0.00371

0.00391

0.00411

-22

-0.00622

10 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

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O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Rudder Bearings

BEARING CLEARANCE The minimum recommended bearing clearance for an Orkot® Marine rudder bearing can be established using the graphs Figures 2 and 3. The lower line indicates the minimum clearances which we recommend where the alignment is good and housing distortion low. The upper line is based on typical classification minimum clearances. For example, Lloyds Register specifies 0.002d + 1.0mm (0.04 inches) but not less than 1.5 mm (0.06 inches) mm for synthetic bearings. Where Classification Societies other than Lloyds Register are specified, the mean clearance between the upper and lower lines on the graph should be used. This is based on the Unified requirement UR S10 of IACS OF 0.001 D + 1 mm (0.04 inches) minimum clearance but not less than 1.5 mm (0.06 inches) with an additional allowance for water swell and thermal expansion. Our rudder bearing calculation program Issue 8 and later defaults to this clearance. Where the Classification Society rules are not applied, it is suggested that a clearance is selected from between these two lines

Inch - Upper slope (Typical classification minimum): Clearance = (0.002 x Shaft Diameter) + 0.04 - Lower slope (Orkot®recommended minimum): Clearance = (0.002 x Shaft Diameter) + 0.004 - Mean between the two slopes (Typically used in Orkot®Marine Bearings calculations): Clearance = (0.002 x Shaft Diameter) + 0.022 Once a clearance value has been calculated it can be entered into the Marine Bearing Calculation.

 Machining Tolerance

3.50 3.00 Diametral clearnace

Metric - Upper slope (Typical classification minimum): Clearance = (0.002 x Shaft Diameter) + 1.0 - Lower slope (Orkot®recommended minimum): Clearance = (0.002 x Shaft Diameter) + 0.1 - Mean between the two slopes (Typically used in Orkot®Marine Bearings calculations): Clearance = (0.002 x Shaft Diameter) + 0.55

The following tables show the machining tolerances that can be achieved when machining rudder bearings. These can be substituted into the calculation with your own machining tolerance should they differ from those stated.

2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0 200 400 600 800 1000 mm Shaft diamenter Recommended by some classification societies Minimum clearance recommended for Orkot® Marine

Once machining tolerance values have been selected they can be entered into the Marine Bearing Calculation. All of the required elements of the calculation should now be in place and the final figures can now be calculated.

Figure 2: Bearing starting clearance in mm

RECOMMENDED MACHINING TOLERANCE OD AND ID FOR ORKOT®

inches 0.14 Diametral clearnace

0.12

Table 10

0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 8 16 24 32 40 inches Shaft diamenter Recommended by some classification societies Minimum clearance recommended for Orkot® Marine

Figure 3: Bearing starting clearance in inches

Table 11

Diameter OD and ID mm

Tolerance Band mm

Diameter OD and ID inch

Tolerance Band inch

1 - 100

0.10

0-4

0.004

101 - 300

0.15

4 - 12

0.006

301 - 500

0.20

12 - 20

0.008

501 - 900

0.25

20 - 36

0.010

above 900

0.40

above 36

0.016

The equations for the slopes on this graph are as follows. These equations will allow you to calculate a more accurate clearance figure.

Lastest information available at www.orkotmarine.com ˙ Edition 2014

TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 11

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Water Lubricated Stern Tube Bearings

 Water Lubricated Stern Tube Bearings

It should be noted that Orkot® TXMM will give lower wear if abrasive conditions exist. A shaft surface finish of 0.8 µm (32 micro inches) Ra is required to reduce bedding in wear.

This section provides general advice on stern tube bearing design. It will also provide the information required to allow the user to calculate a stern tube bearings dimensions before and after fitting. Page 28 shows a completed example of the Orkot® Marine calculation for you to examine. Page 26 contains a blank for you to complete your own calculation.

 Design

A number of bearing designs can be manufactured from Orkot® Marine grades for stern tube bearing applications. The types in order of popularity are as follows:

MULTI GROOVE BEARING

- Housing and shaft sizes with tolerances

This conventional bearing design has equi-spaced axial grooves to allow water to circulate and cool the bearing and to enable debris to pass through without causing damage to the shaft or bearing. This design is suitable for most vessels where shaft velocities are not high.

 Bearing Design Pressure

TWIN GROOVE BEARING

Prior to carrying out any calculation, the following information must be available:

Water-lubricated propeller shaft bearings need to operate hydrodynamically, i.e the shaft speed should be sufficient to generate a water film to separate the shaft from the bearing. The design of these bearings is governed by the length to shaft diameter ratio which can vary from 4:1 to 2:1 depending on the bearing position and upon approval from the classification societies. Most classification societies apply a ratio of 2:1 for Orkot® Marine grades. Full copies of the certificates are available upon request or downloaded from our website: www.orkotmarine.com.

 Material Selection

It should be noted that Orkot® materials are not suitable for use in high speed grease or oil lubricated stern shaft systems.

This bearing has two large axial grooves at 90 degrees to the static shaft loading position and allows superior hydrodynamic performance over a wide range of shaft velocities. It was developed from testing Orkot® TLM Marine bearings on a purpose designed shaft testing rig. The design allows for a hydrodynamic film to develop at low shaft velocities reducing friction and wear. Good hydrodynamic performance is obtained with shaft velocities as low as 25 m/min (82 ft/min). This design and may also be used for vertical shaft water pumps for marine use. 0.4W

W = 0.055d + 6 (.24 inches) [d = shaft dia.]

Orkot® TLM Marine is suitable for the majority of waterLubricated stern tube systems. Orkot® TXM Marine is especially suitable for low shaft velocities i.e. naval surface ship and submarine stern shafts.

R=0.3d

 Shaft Requirements

Orkot® Marine bearings can be used with most recognized shaft materials and are found to be compatible with gunmetal, phosphor bronze, Monel, Inconel® 625, 18/8 stainless steel. Figure 4: Twin Groove Bearing

If the bearing is subject to abrasive ingress, consideration should be given to the use of harder shaft liners or carbide coatings. Orkot® Marine Bearings tend to improve the surface finish during running. As with all bearings subject to the ingress of abrasive particles, life can be reduced. For the stern tube bearings of a vessel operating under such conditions, a filtered water supply is recommended. 12 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

SPECIAL DESIGNS Special designs for naval applications that incorporate partial arc segmental bearings mounted in split bronze housings are also available.

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O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Water Lubricated Stern Tube Bearings

STAVES An alternative bearing design uses staves machined from Orkot® TLM Marine sheet or tubes. It should be noted that in refits the lignum vitae staves used in some vessels can be easily and more economically replaced with Orkot® TLM Marine multi-groove bearings. After removing the worn staves and keeper strips Orkot® bushes can be machined to suit the bronze carrier in the work shop or alternatively bored in situ.

The length to a diameter ratio of an Orkot® Marine grade stern tube bearing should be held to 2:1 if possible. Today the majority of classification societies allow this as longer bearings increase the problem of alignment. If classification rules require a longer bearing to be used it is suggested that the bearing clearance at the forward end for the additional length, above the 2:1 shaft to diameter ratio, should be increased to provide a safety bearing. This can reduce the risk of misalignment and is illustrated in figure 6.

Increased bearing diameter L=2D

0.12

Shaft diameter=200mm (8 inches)

0.10 0.08 0.06

Corfficient of friction

0.14

0.04 0.02 0 20

100

120

Shaft Speed (Rpm)

The actual bearing should be positioned where the load is, hence at the propeller side

Figure 5: Coefficient of friction as function of shaft speed

Figure 6: Long bearing with increased clearance “safety bearing“

Multi and twin groove designs can be manufactured as full or split bearings. Full bearings are normally fitted with an interference fit. This can be achieved by press fitting or freeze fitting. If more than one bearing is required to be fitted into a stern tube, care must be taken to ensure water grooves are in line.

WATER FLOW RATE A water flow rate of 0.12 liters per minute per mm of shaft diameter is required or 0.8 gallons per minute per inch of shaft diameter.

Where multi piece bearings abut, a radial groove, similar in size to the bearings longitudinal grooves, should be machined in both bores at the abutment. These grooves ensure that an adequate water flow occurs even if the water grooves in the abutted bearings are not aligned correctly. Split bearings should be assembled with an interference fit. If necessary this can be introduced using tapered keys. Orkot® has developed various special split bearing designs for naval applications.

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TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 13

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Water Lubricated Stern Tube Bearings

BEARING INTERFERENCE AND CLEARANCE To simplify the bearing design sizes are tabulated.

*To improve shaft running the bottom (6 o’clock) groove should be omitted.

The wall thicknesses “A” indicated are the minimum recommended. Rad min

Bearing to have 3mm x 30° (1/8 inches x 30°) chamfer on O/D and I/D. The Orkot® Marine Bearings calculation sheet can be used for stern tube calculations.

A Shaft Size

Figure 7: Multi groove bearing for a shaft with a diameter of 50 mm (2 inches) with bottom groove

Warning: Please note that the Orkot® Marine Bearing calculation is set up as standard to calculate rudder bearing dimensions. As such the standard interference and clearance figures given must be changed to those stated in this section.

omitted.

Table 12: Multi Groove Bearing – Metric Shaft Size

Minimum Wall Minimum Minimum Shaft Thickness Interference Clearance* A (if applicable) mm

30 - 60

0.15

0.3

60 - 100

0.22

100 - 150 150 - 200 200 - 250

10 12 14

250 - 300 300 - 350

Number of Grooves

Angle between Groove Width grooves W

Groove Depth D

Degrees

0.41

0.34 0.43 0.56

0.52 0.63 0.74

6 7 8

51 45 40

10 10 12

6 6 7

0.7

0.85

0.84

0.96

350 - 400

0.97

1.07

400 - 450

1.11

1.18

450 - 500

1.25

1.29

500 - 550

1.4

550 - 600

1.5

1.51

*The minimum shaft clearance is typical for horizontal shafts. For vertical shafts the running clearance should be determined on a case-by-case basis.

14 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

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O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Water Lubricated Stern Tube Bearings

Table 13: Multi Groove Bearing - Inch Shaft Size

Minimum Wall Minimum Minimum Shaft Thickness Interference Clearance* A (if applicable)

Number of Grooves

Inch

1.18 - 2.36

0.315

0.006

0.012

2.36 - 3.94

0.354

0.009

0.016

3.94 - 5.91

0.394

0.013

0.020

5.91 - 7.87

0.472

0.017

0.025

7.87 - 9.84

0.551

0.022

0.029

9.84 - 11.8

0.551

0.028

0.033

11.8 - 13.8

0.630

0.033

0.038

13.8 - 15.7

0.630

0.038

0.042

15.7 - 17.7

0.787

0.044

0.046

Angle between Groove Width grooves W

Groove Depth D

Inch

0.315

0.157

0.315

0.157

0.394

0.236

0.394

0.236

0.472

0.276

0.472

0.276

0.551

0.315

0.551

0.315

0.630

0.394

17.7 - 19.7

0.787

0.049

0.051

0.630

0.394

19.7 - 21.7

0.866

0.055

0.709

0.433

21.7 - 23.6

0.866

0.059

0.709

0.433

*The minimum shaft clearance is typical for horizontal shafts. For vertical shafts the running clearance should be determined on a case-by-case basis.

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TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 15

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Water Lubricated Stern Tube Bearings

 Machining Tolerance

The following tables show the machining tolerances Trelleborg Sealing Solutions can achieve when machining stern tube bearings. These can be substituted in the calculation with your own machining tolerance should they differ from those stated.

Warning: Please note that the Orkot® Marine Bearing calculation is set up as standard to calculate rudder bearing dimensions. As such, the standard machining tolerance figures given must be changed to those stated in this section.

Table 14: Recommended Machining Tolerance OD and ID for Orkot® Propeller Shaft Bearings - Metric Diameter OD and ID mm

Tolerance Band mm

1 - 100

0.10

101 - 300

0.15

301 - 500

0.20

501 - 900

0.25

above 900

0.40

Table 15: Recommended Machining Tolerance OD and ID for Orkot® Propeller Shaft Bearings - Inch Diameter OD and ID inch

Tolerance Band inch

0-4

0.004

4-12

0.006

12-20

0.008

20-36

0.010

above 36

0.016

Note: These tolerances are for guidance only. Reducing them will reduce the maximum clearance after fitting. It is important that the roundness tolerance is maintained when chocking compounds are used.

16 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

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O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Installation

 Installation  Fitting Methods

Orkot® Marine Bearings can be fitted using any one of the following methods: - Freeze fitting Method 1: Using liquid nitrogen (immersion method) Method 2: Using liquid nitrogen (vapor method) Method 3: Using dry ice and alcohol - Press fitting - Bonding Our preferred method is to freeze fit using liquid nitrogen. However, descriptions of all methods can be found in this section.

FREEZE FITTING This is a fast and efficient assembly method for an Orkot®Marine bearing. The thermal properties of the material allow a good clearance between the bearing and housing when frozen and the material does not become brittle at cryogenic temperatures. Note: Extreme care should be taken when using liquid nitrogen to avoid severe burns. Adequate ventilation should be provided because oxygen is depleted when gassing occurs in confined spaces. Suppliers of the products will provide a data sheet advising on its use.

USING LIQUID NITROGEN (IMMERSION METHOD) A suggested procedure for method 1 is as follows: 1. Check the outer diameter (OD) of the bearing in at least 3 positions around the top, middle and bottom (a total of 9 measurements) making a note of the largest figure recorded. 2. Check the internal diameter (ID) of the housing in at least 3 positions around the top, middle and bottom (a total of 9 measurements) making a note of the smallest figure recorded. 3. Provide an insulated container capable of withstanding a temperature of -197°C (-320°F) and large enough to accommodate the bearing being fitted with enough clearance on the OD to facilitate the insertion and removal of the bearing. 4. Place the bearing inside the container and make efforts to reduce its internal volume. This can be done by sealing off un-used areas of the container or filling any voids with rough cut timbers. This will reduce the amount of liquid nitrogen that will be required.

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5. Cover the bearing with the liquid nitrogen and maintain this level for the duration of the procedure. The nitrogen level will constantly drop as the liquid boils, turns to gas and escapes to the atmosphere. Use an insulated lid to cover the container when possible. Once the liquid stops boiling and settles down to a simmer then the bearing can be lifted slightly from the liquid and the upper OD measured to check for sufficient size reduction. If this has not been achieved then the bearing can be returned to the liquid for 10 to 20 minutes and then checked again. 6. Once sufficient clearance between the bearing and the housing has been achieved, the bearing can be removed from the nitrogen and transported to the housing for fitting. 7. The apparatus used to transport the bearing after freezing will need to be resistant to the cryogenic temperatures they will encounter (e.g. polyester slings) and suitable to support the weights involved. 8. Ensure that the reduced bearing can be located quickly and easily. Once it comes into contact with any conductive surfaces the rate with which it will return to its original dimensions increases greatly. 9. Slide the bearing into position, ensuring that it is held there while its temperature normalizes. Once the bearing’s surfaces have cleared of the ice that forms on them during normalization then any supports can be removed.

USING LIQUID NITROGEN (VAPOR METHOD) Orkot® bearings can be fitted without a metal container by vaporizing the liquid nitrogen within the bearing. This uses less liquid nitrogen and is therefore safer and less expensive than the immersion method. Please note however that the rate of bearing contraction is a lot lower using this method when compared to the immersion method. As such the freezing procedure will take a lot longer. A suggested procedure for method 2 is as follows: 1. Check the outer diameter (OD) of the bearing in at least 3 positions around the top, middle and bottom (a total of 9 measurements) making a note of the largest figure recorded. 2. Check the inner diameter (ID) of the bearing in at least 3 positions around the top, middle and bottom (a total of 9 measurements) making a note of the smallest figure recorded. 3. Prepare a plywood disk with an od half way between that of the OD and the ID of the bearing. Drill a 1hole of approximately Ø15 - 20 mm (Ø5/8 - 3/4 inches) in the middle of this disk. 4. Place the bearing on a smooth, flat, non-porous surface. Seal the joint between this and the ID of the bearing with silicone sealant.

TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 17

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Installation

USING DRY ICE AND ALCOHOL Freeze fitting using dry ice and alcohol will only provide the required clearance when using very light interferences. As such, it is rarely a viable method in its own right and will often also require press fitting.

FITTING WITH HYDRAULIC PRESS OR CENTER PULL JACKS If a bearing is to be press fitted, installers should ensure that they have equipment available to deliver adequate force to press the bearing fully into the housing. The ease of fitting will vary dependent on the finish of the housing. This should be considered when calculating the force required. When press fitting a bearing, it is important that it is in line and square with the bore before the operation beings. An adequate chamfer on the housing will prevent shaving of the bush. The diagram (Figure 8) illustrates a method of ensuring the bush is square before the fitting starts.

18 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

Housing -1mm

20 mm step

Figure 8: Method of ensuring the bush is square before the fitting starts.

60 50

Tonnes

40 30 20 10 0 100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Diameter (mm)

Bearing operating temperature: -10C 0C

-30C -20C

Figure 9: Fitting force (Metric tons)

60 50 40 Tonnes

5. Manufacture a simple lance from 10 mm (3/8 inches) or similar copper tube. Drill approximately twenty 1 mm (3/8inches) diameter holes through both walls of the pipe and fit a bleed valve to the pipe to control the flow of liquid nitrogen. Ensure that you seal the open end of the lance. 6. Place the plywood disk on top of the bearing, and connect the lance to a pressurized liquid nitrogen tank. 7. Turn the valves to control the flow of nitrogen until vapor can be seen escaping under pressure from the lance. If liquid starts to exit the lance then the flow should be reduced until it stops. 8. Place the lance though the hole in the center of the disk and into the bearing. Wrap the bearing in an insulating blanket to reduce energy loss from its surface. 9. During the procedure the nitrogen flow will need to be monitored and adjusted from time to time. Measure the OD at the top of the bearing periodically. 10. Once sufficient clearance between the bearing and the housing has been achieved then the bearing can be transported to the housing for fitting. 11. The apparatus used to transport the bearing after freezing will need to be resistant to the cryogenic temperatures they will encounter (e.g. polyester slings) and suitable to support the weights involved. 12. Ensure that the reduced bearing can be located quickly and easily. Once it comes into contact with any conductive surfaces the rate with which it will return to its original dimensions increases greatly. 13. Slide the bearing into position, ensuring that it is held there while its temperature normalizes. Once the bearing’s surfaces have cleared of the ice that forms on them during normalization then any supports can be removed.

30 20 10 0 4

Bearing operating temperature:

Diameter (inches)

-4F 32F

-22F -14F Figure 10: Fitting force (Tons)

Figures 9 and 10 show the typical fitting force of a bearing, length/diameter ratio 1. An initial force to move the bearing may be higher than given in the graph. The actual force will vary dependent on the condition of the housing, leading chamfers and the length versus diameter ratio.

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O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Installation

BONDING The method of fixture will depend upon the design employed. However, the key point to be emphasized here is that in addition to traditional mechanical fixing, Orkot® materials can be bonded to both itself and metallic substrates. Please note that if the assembly is to experience in excess of +60°C to +70°C (+140°F to +158°F) then interference fitting should be replaced with adhesive bonding. Numerous adhesives are compatible with Orkot® and have been tested within our laboratory facilities. Generally the most suitable adhesives are: - Epoxies - Acrylics - Cyanoacrylates - Polyurethanes The following is a list of adhesive suppliers whose products have been tested and are approved for use with Orkot® materials: - Araldite® - Belzona® - Bisonite® - Chockfast® - Loctite® - Bondmaster® F246 For specific details of bonding agents and conditions please contact our technical department or your local adhesives specialist. General terms and preparations are required irrespective of the adhesive to be used.

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Terms: - The bonding agent is referred to as the adhesive. - The material/surface to which the Orkot® is to be bonded is the substrate. - The distance between the Orkot® and the substrate is the gap. - The ability of the adhesive to bridge and fill the gap is the gap fill. Preparations: - Suitable substrates are Orkot® materials themselves and various metals (including Stainless Steel). - Plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, PVC, PTFE are unsuitable substrates for bonding to Orkot® materials. - The key to effective adhesion is in the preparation of the substrate and the material to be bonded. - Ensure no boundary layers such as oxides or grease are present. Degrease with a suitable solvent ensuring local health and safety guidelines are followed. Orkot® can be degreased by using a quick wipe with a solvent such as acetone, but exposure to the solvent must be kept brief so as not to attack the Orkot® material. Oxides can be removed by use of fine abrasive paper or wire wool. - Roughen the surface. Ideally where metals are involved use shot blasting. Ensure any remaining particulates are removed from the surface. Generally the slightly fibrous surface of Orkot® does not require roughening, though the use of abrasive paper is acceptable so long as any dust is removed. - The assembled components may need support while the adhesive sets. This cure time will vary with the conditions under which the adhesive is used. Typically a rule of thumb is that the cure time will be halved for every +10°C/+50°F increase in temperature. - In terms of assembly, avoid butt joints in favor of lap, so that loads applied to the adhesive joint will act across the assembly in shear.

TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 19

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Installation

 Machining Instructions

TURNING

GENERAL Orkot® materials are readily machinable by conventional machine shop techniques. As a general guide, methods used for brass, aluminium or lignum vitae will apply for Orkot® materials. It is preferable to use tungsten carbide turning tools with cutting speeds of 5.5 m/s (19 ft/s). Orkot® materials must be machined dry without the use of coolant.

Tungsten carbide tooling of the butt welded type using K20 grade carbide is suitable for most applications. If carbide inserts are used, then aluminium grades with high positive rates give best results (e.g. Plansee grade H10T, Sandvik H10A or H13A, Mitsubishi HTI10.) For heavy wall thickness, the internal and external diameters should be machined together to reduce vibration. No asbestos is used in the manufacturing of Orkot® Marine and the material is non-toxic. It is however advisable to use adequate dust extraction when machining. If unavailable, operators should wear dust particle masks. For small volume work and machining of chamfers, radii and other forms, then high speed steel gives good results, but tool life is shorter than with tungsten carbide.

Cutting Angle for Tools Turning

Parting off R 1-2mm (0.04 - 0.08 inches)

5°

3-5°

5° 5-20°

Boring

5°

3°

5° 3°

10°

3°

15°

Table 16: Speeds - Metric

3°

Table 17: Speeds - Inch

Diameter (mm)

Rpm

Diameter (inch)

Rpm

0 - 50

2100

0-2

2100

50 - 100

1000

2-4

1000

100 - 150

700

4-6

700

150 - 200

550

6-8

550

200 - 300

350

8 - 12

350

300 - 400

250

12 - 16

250

400 - 500

200

16 - 20

200

500 - 600

175

20 - 24

175

600 - 700

150

24 - 28

150

700 - 800

130

28 - 32

130

800 - 900

120

32 - 36

120

900 - 1000

100

36 - 40

100

20 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

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O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Installation

Table 19: Feeds - Inch

Table 18: Feeds - Metric Type of machining

Roughing

Finishing

Unit

Type of machining

Roughing

Finishing

Unit

Turning

0.7

0.25

mm/rev

Turning

0.028

0.010

inch/rev

Boring

0.5

0.20

mm/rev

Boring

0.020

0.008

inch/rev

Parting

0.4

0.20

mm/rev

Parting

0.016

0.008

inch/rev

GROOVING

2750 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0

50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

The chuck may be marked for the correctly spaced number of grooves and each groove shaped in turn. A 0.2 mm (0.008 inches) depth of cut should be used. For long bearings a steady may be required. The machine fast traverse, (with the spindle locked) can often be used. Linear speeds up to 10 m/min (30 ft/min) can be achieved.

Revolutions per minute (Rpm)

Orkot® materials can be readily grooved on a lathe, shaping, milling or boring machine with a 90° machining head. For most one off applications a lathe is adequate. A sharp high speed steel tool ground to the correct form should be clamped in a long boring bar with a three degree clearance ground on the side of the tool. No top clearance is required.

2750 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0

12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Diameter (iches)

Diameter (mm) Figure 13: Machining Speeds as a function of Rpm and diameter (mm)

Figure 14: Machining Speeds as a function of Rpm and diameter (inches)

Table 20: Speeds and Feeds by Drilling - Metric

Table 21: Speeds and Feeds by Drilling - Inch

Drill Diamenter mm

Speed Rpm

Feed mm/min

Drill Diamenter inch

Speed Rpm

Feed inch/min

1600

300

0.2

1600

800

400

0.4

800

600

400

0.6

600

400

0.8

400

350

400

1.0

350

300

400

1.2

300

DEPTH OF CUT Roughing 10 mm (0.4 inches) Finishing 3 mm (0.12 inches) Smaller cuts may lead to tools rubbing, causing wear

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which produces excessive heat build up in the finished part.

TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 21

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Installation

 Health and Safety Data 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product name: Suppliers: Emergency telephone number

Orkot® Trelleborg Sealing Solutions Rotherham Bradmarsh Business Park Rotherham S60 1BX United Kingdom :+44 1709 789800

Trelleborg Sealing Solutions Streamwood 901 Phoenix Lake Ave. Steamwood, IL 60107 USA +1 630 289 1500

2. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION OF INGREDIENTS General Description: Information on ingredients:

Fiber reinforced plastic material May contain – Polyester/aramid fibers, polyester/epoxy resin, PTFE, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, calcium carbonate

3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Physical/chemical hazards: Human health hazards:

None known None known, avoid breathing machining dust

4. FIRST-AID MEASURES Inhalation: Ingestion: Skin contact: Eye contact:

22 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

Fresh air, seek medical advice if irritation develops Wash out mouth with water, seek medical advice Not applicable Irrigate with appropriate eye wash

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O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Installation

5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES Suitable extinguishing media: Not suitable extinguishing media: Hazardous decomposition products: Protection of fire fighters:

Water, foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder Not applicable Carbon, carbon oxides Use breathing apparatus

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions: Environmental precautions: Methods for cleaning up:

Filter mask for dust (machining) Avoid dispersion of dust (machining) Transfer into suitable containers for disposal

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE Handling: Storage: Recommended packaging:

Observe good industrial safety and hygiene practice. Store in a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight Paper, card, plastics, wood

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION Engineering measures: Hygiene measures:

When machining use local exhaust ventilation. Collect dust for disposal Machined swarf is flammable Avoid breathing machined dust.

Occupational exposure limits Chemical name: Dust OEL (UK): < 10 mg/m3 8 hour TWA tot. inhalable dust < 5 mg/m3 8 hour respirable dust Personal protective equipment Respiratory system: Skin and body: Hands: Eyes: Other protective equipment:

Dust mask, type FFP1 minimum Work clothing Not applicable Safety goggles when machining Not applicable

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TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 23

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Installation

9. PHYSICAL AND CEMICAL PROPORTIES Physical state: Color: Odor: Melting point: Bulk density: Solubility in water: pH : Flash point: Explosion properties:

Solid Variable – white, black, gray, blue, turquoise, green (compound dependent) Weak, characteristic Does not melt 1200 – 1450 kg/m3 Insoluble Not applicable Not applicable As with all dusts a risk of explosion exists in restricted environments

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY Stability: Stable Conditions to avoid: If Orkot® TXM Marine is burned with flame or laser engraved, toxic fumes are emitted, thus appropriate ventilation should be provided. Materials to avoid: If Orkot® TXM Marine is burned with flame or laser engraved, toxic fumes are emitted, thus appropriate ventilation should be provided. Hazardous reactions: None known Hazardous decomposition products: Decomposition does not occur under recommended storage and handling

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Inhalation: Acute toxicity – Oral: Skin irritation: Eye irritation: Other information:

Inhalation of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract None known None known Dust may cause irritation No know toxicological effects are associated with this material

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Persistence/degradability: Ecotoxicity: Other information:

24 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

This material is not readily biodegradable No known ecotoxicity exists Not applicable

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O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Installation

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATION Waste of residues: Contaminated packaging:

Disposal in accordance with national and local regulations Packaging can be recycled Cleaning agent - water Cleaning agent - water

National transport regulations (UK):

Not applicable

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION Classification according to EU: Regulations 67/548/EEC-88/379/EEC

This product does not have to be classified

Safety phrases: Contains:

Avoid breathing machining dust Not applicable

National regulations United Kingdom:

No additional national regulations are known to the supplier

16. OTHER INFORMATION This safety data sheet is based on Trellborg Sealing Solutions present knowledge and experience, and is intended to serve as a guide for safe handling of the product regarding to health and environmental aspects. The information given in this data sheet was obtained from sources we believe are reliable. The information is, however, provided without any representation or warranty, expressed or implied, regarding its accuracy or correctness. The conditions or methods of handling, storage, use and disposal of the product are beyond our control and may be beyond our knowledge. For this, and other reasons, we do not assume responsibility and expressly disclaim liability for loss, damage or expense arising out of or in any way connected with the handling, storage, use or disposal of the product.

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TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 25

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Rudder/Stern Shaft Bearing Calculation Template

 Rudder/Stern Shaft Bearing Calculation Template Company:

Date:

Contact:

Phone:

Vessel Name:

Fax:

Company:

Application:

All measurments are in mm unless otherwise stated.

Housing I/D Max (mm)

Shaft O/D Max (mm)

Housing I/D Min (mm)

Housing I/D Min (mm) Shaft O/D Min (mm)

Operating Temp (Degrees C)

Machining Temp (Degrees C) Clearance Recommended by Some Classification Societies Min Clearance Recommended by Orkot Ltd

Min Interference (mm)*

Min Clearance (mm)* (Mean of Above)

Manual Overide

M/C Tolerance (O/D) (mm)**

M/C Tolerance (I/D) (mm)**

Manual Overide

(A) Housing I/D Max + Interference Min + (B) Bearing O/D Min (A) + M/C Tolerance (O/D)

+ [ - ] +

(D) Bearing I/D Min (C) + M/C Tolerance (I/D)

+ [ - ] +

(E) Bearing I/D Min (C) - [Bearing O/D Max (B) - Housing I/D Min]

- [ - ]

(F) Bearing I/D Max (D) -[Bearing O/D Min (A) - Housing I/D Max]

- [ - ]

(G) Fitted Bush I/D Min (E) - Shaft O/D Max - (H) Fitted Bush Max (F) - Shaft O/D Min -

Bearing O/D Min (A)

= =

Bearing O/D Max (B)

= =

Bearing I/D Min (C)

= =

Bearing I/D Max (D)

= = Bearing I/D Fitted Min (E) = = Bearing I/D Fitted Max (F) = =

Fitted Clearance Min (G)

= =

Fitted Clearance Max (H)

* These automatic figures are the standard clearances and interference's for Orkot® rudder® bearings and can be overriden in the boxes provided if required. For stern tube bearings override these with the figures shown on page 14 of Orkot® Engineering Manual. ** These figures apply to Orkot® machining processes. If your process tolerances are different then override them in the box provided

26 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

Lastest information available at www.orkotmarine.com ˙ Edition 2014

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Rudder/Stern Shaft Bearing Calculation Template

 Rudder/Stern Shaft Bearing Calculation - Example 1 Company:

Orkot Marine Bearings

Date:

Contact:

AN Other

Phone:

Vessel Name:

10-Jan-14

Fax:

Company:

Application:

Rudder Bearing Example

Housing I/D Max (mm)

550.120

Shaft O/D Max (mm)

500.030

Housing I/D Min (mm)

550.050

Housing I/D Min (mm) Shaft O/D Min (mm)

499.980

All measurments are in mm unless otherwise stated.

Operating Temp (Degrees C)

-10

Calculation Checks

Machining Temp (Degrees C)

Clearance Recommended by Some Classification Societies

2.00

Min Clearance Recommended by Orkot Ltd

OK Min Interference (mm)*

1.38

Min Clearance (mm)* (Mean of Above)

1.10 1.55

Manual Overide

1.38

Manual Overide

1.55

M/C Tolerance (O/D) (mm)**

0.25

M/C Tolerance (I/D) (mm)**

0.25

Manual Overide

0.25

Manual Overide

0.25

(A) Housing I/D Max + Interference Min 550.12 +

1.38

(B) Bearing O/D Min (A) + M/C Tolerance (O/D) 551.50

0.25

(C) Shaft O/D Max + [Bearing O/D Max (B) - Housing I/D Min] + Min Clearance 500.03 + [ 551.75 - 550.05 ] + (D) Bearing I/D Min (C) + M/C Tolerance (I/D) 503.28 + 0.25 (E) Bearing I/D Min (C) - [Bearing O/D Max (B) - Housing I/D Min] 503.28 - [ 551.75 - 550.05 ] (F) Bearing I/D Max (D) -[Bearing O/D Min (A) - Housing I/D Max] 503.53 - [ 551.50 - 550.12 ] (G) Fitted Bush I/D Min (E) - Shaft O/D Max 501.58 - 500.03 (H) Fitted Bush Max (F) - Shaft O/D Min 502.15 - 499.98

1.55

Bearing O/D Min (A)

551.50

Bearing O/D Max (B)

551.75

Bearing I/D Min (C)

503.28

Bearing I/D Max (D)

503.53

= Bearing I/D Fitted Min (E) =

501.58

= Bearing I/D Fitted Max (F) =

502.15

Fitted Clearance Min (G)

1.55

Fitted Clearance Max (H)

2.17

Lastest information available at www.orkotmarine.com ˙ Edition 2014

TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 27

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Rudder/Stern Shaft Bearing Calculation Template

 Rudder/Stern Shaft Bearing Calculation - Example 2 Company:

Orkot Marine Bearings

Date:

Contact:

Phone:

Vessel Name:

Fax:

Company:

Application:

Stern Tube Bearing Example

All measurments are in mm unless otherwise stated.

Housing I/D Max (mm)

252.450

Shaft O/D Max (mm)

198.940

Housing I/D Min (mm)

252.320

Housing I/D Min (mm) Shaft O/D Min (mm)

198.850

Operating Temp (Degrees C)

-10

Calculation Checks

Machining Temp (Degrees C)

Clearance Recommended by Some Classification Societies

1.40

Min Clearance Recommended by Orkot Ltd

OK Min Interference (mm)*

0.56

Min Clearance (mm)* (Mean of Above)

0.50 0.95

Manual Overide

0.43

Manual Overide

0.63

M/C Tolerance (O/D) (mm)**

0.15

M/C Tolerance (I/D) (mm)**

0.15

Manual Overide

0.20

Manual Overide

0.20

(A) Housing I/D Max + Interference Min 252.45 +

0.43

(B) Bearing O/D Min (A) + M/C Tolerance (O/D) 252.88

0.20

(C) Shaft O/D Max + [Bearing O/D Max (B) - Housing I/D Min] + Min Clearance 198.94 + [ 253.08 - 252.32 ] + (D) Bearing I/D Min (C) + M/C Tolerance (I/D) 200.33 + 0.20 (E) Bearing I/D Min (C) - [Bearing O/D Max (B) - Housing I/D Min] 200.33 - [ 253.08 - 252.32 ] (F) Bearing I/D Max (D) -[Bearing O/D Min (A) - Housing I/D Max] 200.53 - [ 252.88 - 252.45 ] (G) Fitted Bush I/D Min (E) - Shaft O/D Max 199.57 - 198.94 (H) Fitted Bush Max (F) - Shaft O/D Min 200.10 - 198.85

0.63

Bearing O/D Min (A)

252.88

Bearing O/D Max (B)

253.08

Bearing I/D Min (C)

200.33

Bearing I/D Max (D)

200.53

= Bearing I/D Fitted Min (E) =

199.57

= Bearing I/D Fitted Max (F) =

200.10

Fitted Clearance Min (G)

0.63

Fitted Clearance Max (H)

1.25

28 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

Lastest information available at www.orkotmarine.com ˙ Edition 2014

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Notes

Lastest information available at www.orkotmarine.com ˙ Edition 2014

TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS ˙ 29

O R K O T ® M A R I N E B E A R I N G S ˙ Notes

30 ˙ TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS

Lastest information available at www.orkotmarine.com ˙ Edition 2014

Contacts

For further information please contact:

Trelleborg Sealing Solutions Rotherham

Telephone

Bradmarsh Business Park Rotherham S60 1BX United Kingdom 24 Hour Emergency Line: E-Mail:

+44 (0)1709 789 828

Trelleborg Sealing Solutions Streamwood

Telephone

901 Phoenix Lake Avenue Streamwood, IL 60107 USA 24 Hour Emergency Line: E-Mail:

+1 (630) 289 1500

+44 (0)1709 789 840 enquiries@orkotmarine.com

+1 (800) 546 7568 tssusa@trelleborg.com

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Trelleborg is a world leader in engineered polymer solutions that seal, damp and protect critical applications in demanding environments. Its innovative engineered solutions accelerate performance for customers in a sustainable way. The Trelleborg Group has local presence in over 40 countries around the world.

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