Trianglephy feb16 final

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february 2016

Johnston Health

Improving Patient Outcomes on Several Fronts

T H E M A G A Z I N E F O R H E A LT H C A R E P R O F E S S I O N A L S

Also in This Issue Concierge Medicine Independent Appeal




From the Editor

Do it With Passion T H E M A G A Z I N E F O R H E A LT H C A R E P R O F E S S I O N A L S

Ah, February – a month to celebrate matters of the heart. So it is a fitting time for Johnston Hospital’s cover story. In it, several vignettes illustrate the power of passion for improving health care delivery and outcomes, whatever one’s job. Intensity of purpose likewise shines in the columns of our contributors, each providing the wise counsel that comes from years of dedication to one’s profession. In this issue of The Triangle Physician, gastroenterologist Michael Thomas offers an in-depth overview of pheochromocytomas, seemingly rare, potentially lifethreatening tumors. Women’s health specialist Lindsay Wojciechowski discusses the nature of celiac disease and the need for a strict gluten-free diet.

Editor Heidi Ketler, APR heidi@trianglephysician.com Contributing Editors Wendy Coulter Marni Jameson Margi Satinsky, M.B.A. Michael J. Thomas, M.D., Ph.D. Lindsay Wojciechowski, F.N.P.-C. Creative Director Joseph Dally jdally@newdallydesign.com

Advertising Sales info@trianglephysiciancom

Practice marketing consultant Wendy Coulter completes her four-part series on the many ways practices can endear themselves to patients and thrive in

News and Columns Please send to info@trianglephysician.com

a competitive marketplace. Practice management consultant Margie Satinsky explores the benefits and drawbacks of offering value-added concierge services.

The Triangle Physician is published by: New Dally Design

Physician advocate Marni Jameson proposes an approach to educating patients on the value of independent practitioners – a “love letter,” if you will.

Subscription Rates: $48.00 per year $6.95 per issue

All of our readers are welcome to submit their health care-related news and

Advertising rates on request Bulk rate postage paid Greensboro, NC 27401

perspective, which we run free of charge. We also offer competitive advertising rates. Both ways of contributing assure that reaching – and potentially engaging with – more than 9,000 within the Raleigh-Durham medical community makes good economic sense. As always, it is a privilege to produce The Triangle Physician – call it “a labor of love.” Each issue brings us in contact with amazing humans who perform their health care roles with the passion that inspires. With respect and gratitude,

Heidi Ketler Editor

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Every precaution is taken to insure the accuracy of the articles published. The Triangle Physician can not be held responsible for the opinions expressed or facts supplied by its authors. Opinions expressed or facts supplied by its authors are not the responsibility of The Triangle Physician. The Triangle Physician makes no warrant to the accuracy or reliability of this information. All advertiser and manufacturer supplied photography will receive no compensation for the use of submitted photography. Any copyrights are waived by the advertiser. No part of this publication can be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission from The Triangle Physician.


“TOP PERFORMER” HOSPITAL

The Joint Commission Has Recognized Our Level Of Services By Naming Johnston Health A “Top Performer” Hospital On Key Quality Measures * *Top Performer recognitions announced Nov. 2015 are based on data compiled from 2014 regarding treatment of: Heart Attack, Heart Failure, Pneumonia, Surgical Care, Perinatal Care

www.johnstonhealth.org


Table of Contents

4

COVER STORY

Johnston Health

Improving Patient Outcomes on Several Fronts february 2016

Vol. 7, Issue 2

FEATURES

10

Practice Management

Perspectives on Concierge Medicine Margie Satinsky explores the challenges and rewards to physician and patient of a practice model based on personalized service.

13

DEPARTMENTS 9 Practice Marketing

20 Powerful Reasons to Brand Your Practice: Part 4 of 4

14 Digestive Health

When to Test for Celiac Disease

15 Gastroenterology

Understanding Pheochromocytomas

16 Duke Research News

Physician Advocacy

Blood Test Can Distinguish Between Bacterial and Viral Infections

17 Duke Research News

Esophageal Cancer Survival Impacted by Race and Socio-Economic Factors

“Dear Patients:” Communicate the Benefits of Independent Doctors

18 UNC Research News

Marni Jameson provides a template for a letter that

20 News

explains how mergers and high hospital costs can hurt the community.

DNA Repair Enzyme Identified as Potential Brain Cancer Drug Target

- WakeMed Key Community Care Chosen for CMS Initiative - 2nd Annual NC Doctors’ Day Contest Gets Under Way

On the Cover: Everyone plays a role in quality at Johnston Health. Clockwise, from top, are: Don Dunbar, phlebotomy supervisor; Kyle McDermott, vice president of support services; Liz Thurston, physician liaison; Ruth Marler, chief operating officer and chief nursing officer; Dr. Manny Gupta, medical director of emergency services; Christy Davis, coordinator of Lean transformation; Vera Barnes, a quality improvement specialist in the quality department; Daniel Register, director of emergency services; and Lee Stikeleather, manager of emergency services. They are among the many administrators, directors and front-line staff who have participated in Lean activities aimed at improving processes to benefit patients.

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The Triangle Physician


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All FREE to the greater Triangle medical community- a vital REFERRAL SOURCE! We also profile the greater Triangle medical community, practices or companies that want to get “in front” of MDs • 1 page with 1 image and text • 2 page with 2 images and text • 4 page with 4 images and text • 8 pages with 8 images and text Long term Advertising is always the most effective way to keep your practice or company in the readers.

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Cover Story

Quality Matters Johnston Health is improving patient outcomes on several fronts: by engaging staff, physicians in building better processes; helping patients manage their diseases; and keeping the hospital healthy. By Suzette Rodriguez

Detecting,Treating Sepsis as

on a white board to organize thoughts, test

Quickly as Possible

ideas and map strategies.

risk of dying increases by seven percent. More common than heart attacks and

During a typical week, Don Dunbar works from the lab, setting schedules and filling

Rather than finding fault with anyone,

more deadly than stroke, sepsis is such a

in as needed to draw blood. But for a

it would be their intent to build a better

serious concern that UNC Health Care has

particular week in January, the phlebotomy

process, which would give the staff and

taken it on as a system-wide initiative. In

supervisor was asked to apply his know-

physicians a clear, timely and effective

the past year, all eight hospitals, including

how toward a noble cause: To save lives.

route toward aggressively treating the

Johnston Health in Smithfield and Clayton,

patient.

have been working on projects aimed at reducing the number of sepsis deaths.

Specifically, the assignment centered on how to detect and then start treating, as

Why the focus on sepsis? Sepsis is

quickly as possible, the sudden onset of

responsible for about 60 percent of deaths

“It was a great experience,” Dunbar said

sepsis, a life-threatening illness triggered by

among hospitalized patients. It can be

afterward. “I loved the interaction with

the body’s immune response to infection.

difficult to diagnose because symptoms, at

nurses, and I think we put together a great

first, may appear subtle, and then suddenly

process that will improve patient care.”

Dunbar joined a group, made up of nurses,

worsen. By using principles of Lean transformation,

an administrative director and a hospital vice president, in a sort of war room where

With sepsis, time is critical. For every hour

Johnston Health has been able to improve

they posted sticky notes of different colors

that passes, it’s estimated that the patient’s

processes

that

benefit

patients

and

reduce costs. And the approach has been successful largely because it engages the employees who do the work, says Ruth Marler, who is the chief operating officer and chief nursing officer for Johnston Health. “We draw employees from all disciplines— the lab, radiology, pharmacy, finance, nursing, environmental services, and from our medical staff,” she says. “These have been wonderful opportunities to improve quality outcomes for our patients.” When he talks with new hires at orientation, CEO Chuck Elliott defines quality in simple terms: It’s doing the right thing at the right time in the most effective way to get the From left, nurse Brittney Parker reviews a patient chart alongside infectious disease specialist Dr. Octavio Cieza, quality director Cynthia Holloman, and infection preventionist Ronnie Syverson.

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The Triangle Physician

results you want.


to give feedback right away to staff and doctors. “We’re here to help, not punish,” she adds. “If we’re not meeting a core measure, then it’s more likely that a patient comes back to the hospital for readmission,” she says. “It’s not only costly for us, but it means that the patient is losing time with children or grandchildren.” Dr. S. Robert Bylciw, a retired orthopedic surgeon, chairs the quality committee of the Johnston Health Board of Directors. The committee meets monthly to review reports, clinical measures as well as scores from patient satisfaction surveys. “By all quality standards, we’re continuing to improve,” he says. “I’m proud of what we’ve been able to accomplish.” Indeed, for the second year in a row, Audrey Brescia, an environmental services aide, sanitizes all of the surfaces in the patient room, even the underside of the mattress. Her arsenal includes a nontoxic disinfectant said to be 200 times more effective than bleach at killing microbes.

The Joint Commission has recognized Johnston Health as a Top Performer on Key Quality Measures. Specifically, the

share

audited patient charts and began to realize

health care system excelled on the 2014

information on quality so that everyone

the value of looking at data. Eventually, she

accountability measure sets for heart

knows what and where to improve. Toward

came to understand and appreciate core

attack, heart failure, pneumonia, surgical

that end, the hospital posts its quality goals

measures and how the federal government

care and perinatal care.

for all to see. And behind the scenes,

is leading hospitals to do clinical tasks,

departments work year-long on reaching

such as practicing good hand hygiene, to

“We have a fiduciary responsibility to

the goals they’ve set for their own quality-

affect positive outcomes for patients.

ensure we have high-quality, safe, patient

Elliott

says

it’s

important

to

related projects. The medical staff is actively engaged in improving quality, too. “And if the members of the hospital board don’t see progress, they hold our feet to the fire,” he says.

“Through quality, you can make a difference in so many ways.” – Cynthia Holloman

Identifying What, Where, How, Why to Improve

“Most caregivers love their patients, but

care,” he adds. “Poor quality of care can

Cynthia Holloman enjoyed her many years

don’t like the paperwork,” Holloman says.

result in death and injury, but it also

of bedside nursing. But since becoming

“That’s why it’s so important for us to

contributes to cost.”

director of quality, she’s loved the oppor-

explain why we need to follow processes.

tunity to improve outcomes for all patients.

We all want the same things, just sometimes

Keeping the Hospital Healthy -

for different reasons.”

A New Way to Clean On a bulletin board in his office, Ronnie

“Through quality, you can make a difference in so many ways,” she says. In an earlier role as quality coordinator, she

Holloman says communication goes a

Syverson posts a favorite saying: One good

long way toward helping the hospital meet

housekeeper can prevent more infections

quality goals. She thinks it’s important

than a dozen physicians can cure.

February 2016

7


Syverson, who is an infection preventionist for Johnston Health, thinks the EVS staff is the first line of defense against viruses and bacteria, which can cause serious problems such as pneumonia, blood stream and surgical site infections. Last January, the EVS staff added a new weapon to its germ-fighting arsenal: a disinfectant said to be 200 times more effective than bleach at killing microbes, yet safe enough to drink. Syverson says the product, which is made of salt brine and water through a process of electrolysis, is highly effective. “We did swab testing in rooms, and our results showed a 30 percent decrease in pathogens, down to two percent,” he says.

An outpatient pharmacy at Johnston Health is making it easier for patients to get the medications they need to recover at home. Luis Muniz is one of the two pharmacy techs who deliver to the bedside.

It was a former environmental services director, Darryl Patterson, who introduced

specially trained paramedics are checking

the disinfectant to the hospital. He’s now

in with certain patients at home to see if, for

a vice president for the company that

example, they’re taking their medications

The hospital is assisting in other ways, too.

makes the product, and he developed the

or are well enough to get to their doctor’s

Before going home, patients can choose to

application system to mist the disinfectant.

appointment the next day.

have their new prescriptions filled at the

follow up with their care.”

Johnston Health Outpatient Pharmacy. Because the cleaner is electro-statically

Rather than responding to 911 calls, the

charged, it attaches to all surfaces, he says.

community paramedics try to prevent

It’s convenient for patients because they

One of the products is used to wipe away

them. In short, it’s their job to help

don’t have to make a stop on their way

bio-film, while another is applied through

chronically ill patients proactively manage

home. It also ensures that they have

a wand or a rotating mister to clean areas

their own care after leaving the hospital.

the prescribed medication they need

such as walls and curtains.

to continue their care at home, says Beverly

Legath,

director

of

care

pharmacist Donna Dewberry.

Patterson, who lives in Clayton, says it’s

management for Johnston Health, says

been rewarding to do the first pilot of the

the program is designed to prevent

Patients receiving behavioral health care,

cleaning system in the hospital of his home

readmissions and reduce non-urgent visits

for example, oftentimes lack the resources

county. And he has enjoyed talking about

to the emergency department.

or transportation to get their prescriptions

the success at Johnston Health as he visits other hospitals across the country.

filled after they leave the hospital, she says. “More importantly, this is an opportunity to deliver care in a more coordinated and

In addition to filling scripts, certified

“We think about getting the patient heathy,”

efficient way,” she says. “We’re helping

pharmacy techs Luis Muniz and Wendy

he tells prospective clients. “But we also

patients maintain accountability for their

Hunter deliver prescriptions to the patient’s

need to think about keeping our buildings

health.”

bedside, and search online for discount

healthy.”

coupons, ensuring that customers have the During the past five years, the hospital

smallest possible co-pay.

Avoiding Readmissions by Helping

has reduced its rate of readmissions by

Patients Manage their Diseases

20 percent, largely by teaching patients

Suzette Rodriguez is the public relations

Johnston County EMS paramedics typically

how to manage their disease, Legath

specialist for Johnston Health.

spend their day en route to 911 calls. But

says. “We’ve also helped by connecting

under a program that began in July, two

patients with family physicians, who can

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The Triangle Physician

Photography by Sloan Communications.


Practice Marketing

20 Powerful Reasons to Brand Your Practice Part 4 of 4

By Wendy Coulter

As we wrap us this series, remember that

Influence Purchasing Decisions

strong brand equity increases the value of

Without branding, patients would just visit

your practice, and if your practice does not

the most convenient practice. But given a

live up to its brand promises to patients,

competitive environment, differentiating

it will suffer. Below are the last five of 20

your practice through branding can help

Powerful Reasons To Brand Your Practice.

you influence patients’ buying decisions. From expressing a style or character with

Build Trust

which they relate, to expressing benefits

People buy from companies they know

of your practice, you can create an emo-

will take care of them. Creating a brand

tional tie that makes the decision where to

allows your practice to develop a brand

go for care easy for them!

promise. More importantly, as the brand lives up to that promise time and again,

Build an Asset

trust is built. Not only does trust foster

When you develop an effective brand that

loyal patients, but it also leads to refer-

is memorable, easily recognizable and

rals, positive word-of-mouth and goodwill.

superior to the competition, brand equity

And patients interact and share more with

can be built. A strong brand can provide

trusted brands.

value that far exceeds a practice’s physical

Without branding, patients would just visit the most convenient practice.

Wendy Coulter is president of Hummingbird Creative Group Inc. She is a graduate of the School of Design at North Carolina State University with degrees in architecture and industrial design and a minor in communications. She founded Hummingbird Creative Group in 1995, with a desire to put her ideas to work, creatively solving problems for small businesses. Hummingbird Creative Group is an award-winning, full-service branding agency that helps companies define brand strategy, develop sustainable brand messaging and implement marketing tactics through advertising, graphic design, sales enablement, public relations and online marketing services. Awards include “Pinnacle Business Award” from the Raleigh Chamber of Commerce, as well as “Business of the Year,” “Employer of the Year” and “Successful Achievement” awards from the Cary Chamber of Commerce. Ms. Coulter was named a “Top 50 Entrepreneur,” “Woman Extraordinaire,” “Mover and Shaker” and “40 Under 40,” to name a few. She is active in a variety of community and civic endeavors and frequently presents on such topics as branding, marketing, advertising and design.

Rise Up in Times of Trouble

value. For example, Heineken bought Asia

Having a strong brand can help insulate

Pacific Breweries for more than $5 billion,

you in times of crisis and economic un-

because one of APB’s most successful

certainty. By differentiating your brand,

brands is “Tiger,” which is a popular brand

you can avoid problems when competi-

in Asia and has potential to be a popular

tors experience bad times. As Johnson &

brand throughout the world. Heineken

strategy will help your practice stay fo-

Johnson demonstrated after cyanide-laced

bought the company for its brand equity,

cused on these basic principles and stay

Tylenol capsules were found, the strongest

not its physical asset value.

true to them while meeting business goals.

brands can overcome tragedy. By showing

A brand strategy also helps to guide mar-

its commitment to consumer safety as a

Stay Focused

keting initiatives, so they align with busi-

core value, J&J was portrayed in a good

When you embark on branding your prac-

ness goals, which can save your practice

light, and the Tylenol brand was able to

tice, the first step is establishing a mission

time and money. With a strong brand, you

recover.

and vision for the brand. A clear branding

can focus more on caring for patients.

February 2016

9


Practice Management

Perspectives on Concierge Medicine By Margie Satinsky, M.B.A.

Not so long ago, mention of the “concierge

Concierge

model” of medical practice generated

personalized service. Both the physician

medicine

negative feedback. Many people attacked

and the patient anticipate a need for

the concept as immoral, suggesting that it

care in advance. The patient pays a

was elitist medicine suitable only for those

fixed annual retainer or membership fee

wealthy enough to afford a fixed annual

for a specific enhanced scope of care

payment. Some insurance companies

as defined by the individual concierge

refused to allow concierge physicians to

practice. For example, the enhancement

become network providers, assuming they

may

would automatically double dip, charging

without an additional co-payment, less

both the patient and the insurance

waiting time for appointments, easier

company for the same service.

and more immediate access directly to

include

is

unlimited

also

about

office

visits

the physician (e.g. cell phone, texting, During the past few years, we’ve seen

online consultations), easier prescription

a dramatic change. In fact, as of last

renewal, home or hospital visits and

count, there were more than twenty-five

wellness services like annual executive

concierge or private physicians in the

physicals.

Margie Satinsky, MBA, is President of Satinsky Consulting, LLC, a Durham, NC consulting firm that specializes in medical practice management. Her firm has experience with concierge practices and can provide assistance in converting one’s current practice to a concierge model or starting a new concierge practice. For more information, visit www. satinskyconsulting.com, send an email to margie@satinskyconsulting. com or call (919) 383-5998. can be purchased with pre-tax dollars using

Triangle area of North Carolina. Most were primary care, but there were several

Optional Business Models

health savings accounts and/or flexible

surgeons in the mix.

Most concierge medicine practices can be

spending accounts that are attached.

categorized as fee-for-service care (FFC), In this article, we examine concierge

fee-for-service extra care (FFEC) and

The third business model for concierge

medicine from the perspectives of both

Hybrid.

practices is often called a hybrid model. Patients have a choice of paying a

physicians and patients. We begin with a definition, explore alternative business

In the FFC model, patients pay an annual

concierge fee for extra services; services

models, examine pros and cons from both

retainer that covers most of the services

that are not part of the concierge package

physician and patient perspectives and

that the physician provides in the office.

are billed to government or private

suggest practical next steps.

There is an additional patient charge for

insurance carriers. Or patients may opt

vaccinations, lab work, X-rays and other

out of the concierge model and have all

services that fall outside the retainer.

covered services billed to insurance.

In the hospitality world, concierge means

Direct primary care (DPC) is often linked

In all three business models described

personalized service. We ask a hotel

to the FFC model. We like to think of it as

above, the practice determines what

concierge to make dinner reservations,

a low-cost subset.

services are included in the concierge

Hospitality Origins to Health Care Applications

practice. It also decides whether or

obtain theater tickets and make other arrangements to accommodate guests’

In the FFEC model, the patient pays a

not to accept cash and/or credit card

needs and schedules. We say thanks with

retainer and the physician charges the

payment. Finally, the practice decides on

a tip, paid before or after the service is

additional services that fall outside the

the frequency of retainer payments (e.g.

rendered.

retainer directly to the patient’s insurance

monthly, quarterly, annually) and on the

plan. Many but not all FFC and FFEC plans

availability, if any, of discounted services.

10

The Triangle Physician


Practice Management Pros and Cons:

be as large as 3,000 to 4,000 patients. In

marketing to new patients and expansion

Physician Point of View

a concierge model, the panel size may

of the practice.

Let’s examine the pros and cons of

range from 50 to 1,000. Even the most experienced physician will

concierge medicine from a physician perspective. Two major advantages are

A known panel size has a direct impact on

not achieve a 100 percent conversion to the

reduction in size of the patient panel and

net income. The largest share of concierge

concierge model. For both the physician

more control over income.

practice income comes from retainer fees,

and for some patients, that reality means a

so the physician has far more control over

dramatic change in a trusted professional

Several years ago, we assisted a well-

net revenue than in traditional practice

and personal relationship that may be

respected Durham, N.C, solo practice

settings where the dominant factor in

many years old.

internal medicine physician convert his

revenue generation is reimbursement from

traditional practice to a FFEC model

public and private insurance companies.

Concierge medicine thrives on a strong

concierge practice. Our client’s primary

Concierge physicians interviewed for

patient-physician relationship. It’s one

reason for making the change was to

a 2013 Wall Street Journal article on

thing for a patient who trusts his/her

provide higher quality care for fewer

concierge medicine indicated an average

physician to make the switch to the

patients. He has more time to understand

40 percent reduction in overhead costs

concierge model. It’s more difficult to

patient needs and to quickly follow up

when they didn’t take insurance payments

attract new patients who have no prior

with diagnostic testing and treatment. He

at all!

relationship with the concierge physician.

What are the cons of converting to

Adding providers to a concierge practice

concierge medicine? Three potential

may also be challenging. Although the

Other concierge physicians share our

negatives are the inevitability of some

popularity of the concierge practice has

client’s point of view. In a conventional

patients’ opting out and choosing a

grown, many physicians are risk averse.

practice, the average panel size may

different physician, the challenges of

When push comes to shove, they prefer

can make house calls and visit patients in the hospital when needed.

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February 2016

11


Practice Management traditional practice models regardless of

known medical condition that requires

concierge membership might not make

the bothersome shortcomings, such as the

multiple office visits, a concierge practice

financial sense if the patient is covered by

pressure to treat more patients in less time.

that covers unlimited office visits might

an insurance plan with a low deductible

actually cost less than the insurance.

and doesn’t schedule many office visits.

We’ve already identified many of the

Concierge medicine may not meet the

Next Steps for Physicians

advantages

experience

medical or financial needs of all patients.

If the concept of concierge medicine

when they select a concierge medicine

If the package of services available from

is intriguing to you at this stage of your

practice. They are paying for better access

the concierge practice contains items that

career, learn more about the practices

to the physician, greater ease in making

the patient doesn’t need and won’t use,

that are currently in place in your

appointments and renewing prescriptions,

the option may have little benefit.

geographic area. The American Academy

Pros and Cons: Patient Point of View that

patients

of Private Physicians (aapp.org) is a good

expedited testing and results reporting and other services, depending on the

The cost of signing up might be

resource.

Concierge

Medicine

Today

package being offered.

prohibitive, particularly if the membership

(conciergemedicinetoday.org) is a news

is for both a patient and his/her spouse.

resource and information organization.

If the physician has seen a huge influx

Some but not all concierge practices price

of patients as a result of the Affordable

the membership fee by age category or

Explore your options by getting started.

Care Act, these advantages might be

offer a discount on memberships when

Some physicians engage an external

more important than ever before. Some

there is more than one person in a family

consultant for guidance. Others join

patients may even benefit financially

unit. Some offer financial discounts

forces with a larger organization such as

from switching to a concierge model.

program to assist long-time patients

MDVIP (www.mdvi.com), a Florida-based

For example, an insurance policy with a

who want to remain with their trusted

organization that provides administrative

high deductible might not pay for multiple

physician but can’t afford the full cost

support - at a cost, of course.

office visits each year. If a patient has a

of the retainer. Finally, the cost of the

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The Triangle Physician


Physicial Advocacy

“Dear Patients”

Communicate the Benefits of Independent Doctors By Marni Jameson

Educating patients about the importance

tients, whom they then direct to employed

of going to an independent doctor is key to

doctors. To compete in this market, indepen-

keeping America’s health care costs down. It

dent doctors need to tell consumers about

is also essential to keeping our doctors inde-

the benefits of seeing a doctor who is not

pendent. At the Association of Independent

financially aligned with the hospital.

Doctors, we think a great place to start that education is right in the doctor’s office.

If you are an independent doctor, we encour-

Marni Jameson is the executive director for the Association of Independent Doctors. You may reach her at (407) 865-4110 or marni@aid-us.org.

age you to include a version of the following

respondence you have with existing patients.

Hospitals spend hundreds of thousands of

“Open Letter to Patients” in all your new pa-

Personalize it as you like, but do spread the

dollars each year to market directly to pa-

tient packets, on your website and in any cor-

word.

Dear Patient:

The same holds true for centers that provide

hospitals acquire these private practices, of-

Congratulations on choosing an indepen-

services like outpatient surgery or imaging

fice workers lose jobs. If the acquiring hospi-

dent doctor for your care. Seeing an inde-

(magnetic resonance imaging – MRI; com-

tal happens to be a nonprofit, the taxes the

pendent doctor – rather than a doctor em-

puted tomography – CT scans; X-rays; and

practice used to pay into the community go

ployed by a hospital – is one of the very best

mammography). Going to an independent

away, because nonprofit hospitals don’t pay

ways you can lower your medical costs and

surgery or imaging center will cost you less,

taxes.

help your community.

sometimes one-fourth the price, of going to one owned by a hospital. This is why we do

Most citizens know that nonprofit hospitals

Here’s why:

our best to refer you only to freestanding, in-

don’t pay income tax, but many don’t real-

When you see a doctor employed by a

dependent facilities.

ize they are also exempt from property and

hospital, the hospital bills for that doctor’s

sales taxes.

services at hospital rates. Those rates are

Many studies that have looked at the impact

much higher than what independent doctors

of hospitals acquiring independent physi-

Unfortunately, figuring out which doctors

charge. Plus, the hospital tacks on what’s

cian practices and facilities have found that

or outpatient facilities are independently

called a “facility fee,” a fee that adds abso-

these mergers drive up health care costs

owned and which ones aren’t can be tricky.

lutely no value, but that hospitals have ne-

dramatically. Everyone pays. Patients pay

You have to ask. Often, when a hospital ac-

gotiated to help cover their overhead. This

more out of pocket. Workers pay higher pre-

quires a doctor’s practice, nothing may have

can increase your cost by three to four times.

miums, and more of our taxpayer dollars

visibly changed in the office – but your bill.

have to go into programs like Medicare and What’s more, hospital-employed doctors an-

Medicaid.

But rest assured, you’ve chosen wisely.

swer to administrators. Independent doctors

Please make sure your loved ones do, too.

remain free of those conflicts. In our prac-

Finally, independent practices are small

tice, our focus remains on you.

businesses that support their communities

Sincerely,

by providing jobs and paying taxes. When

Your Independent Doctor

One way to help patients find an

them to Association of Independent Doctors’

of more than 500 independent doctors in

independent doctor near them is to direct

online directory (www.aid-us.org/directory)

every specialty. It’s a healthy choice.

February 2016

13


Digestive Health

When to Test for

Celiac Disease

By Lindsay Wojciechowski, F.N.P.-C.

Celiac disease is a common, but undiag-

are often mild and include symptoms

nosed autoimmune disorder affecting ap-

of malabsorption, such as steatorrhea,

proximately one in every 100 people world-

bloating and diarrhea. Celiac mimics

wide. It is estimated that up to two and a

irritable bowel syndrome in approximately

half million Americans have undiagnosed

38 percent of patients. The majority of

celiac disease, possibly leading to serious

patients will be asymptomatic or have non-

long-term health complications.

gastrointestinal manifestations.

Numerous Progressive Conditions

When to Test

This common problem results from the

Due to its frequency and array of possible

ingestion of gluten, which then damages

health complications, clinicians need

the villi within the small intestine. If

to keep celiac disease in mind. Testing

untreated, it can lead to malabsorption and

should be considered in patients with: • Gastroenterology symptoms

an array of chronic conditions.

including abdominal bloating,

Lindsay Wojciechowski is a nurse practitioner and consultant to the Women’s Wellness Clinic and the Carolina Women’s Research and Wellness Center (CWRWC). She has worked as a clinical nurse practitioner for Triangle Family Practice at Duke University Medical Center since 2006. She also has lectured and taught courses at the Duke University School of Nursing. Ms. Wojciechowski’s focus is on women’s health and family medicine, and she also is the lead medical writer for the Women’s Wellness Clinic.

Some of these include osteoporosis (due

unexplained weight loss, chronic

to calcium and vitamin D malabsorption),

or recurrent diarrhea, symptoms of

preferred initial test. Studies have shown

iron-deficiency anemia and neurological

irritable bowel syndrome or severe

the sensitivity and specificity of anti-tissue

issues, such as migraine, ataxia and

lactose intolerance or other signs of

transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies to be 95

malabsorption.

percent and 94 percent, respectively.

neuropathy (due to B vitamin deficiencies). Dermatitis herpetiformis is an itchy skin

• Unexplained iron-deficiency anemia,

condition that can develop in undiagnosed

folate or B-12 deficiency, low birth-

For patients with suspected probability

patients.

weight infants or decreased fertility,

higher than 5 percent, total IgA also should

peripheral neuropathy, recurrent

be obtained. These two tests have similar

migraines, short stature or delayed

sensitivity and thus a negative result

gastrointestinal malignancies are more

puberty or elevated aminotransferases.

from either has high-negative predictive

common in patients with celiac disease, as

• Type 1 diabetes mellitus or first-degree

value. Patients with positive serology

is low birth weight of infants with affected

relatives with celiac disease (if they

(or probability greater than 5 percent,

mothers. Gastroesophageal reflux disease,

have signs or symptoms of celiac

regardless of lab results) should have a

inflammatory bowel disease, advanced

disease). Testing in asymptomatic

small-bowel biopsy to help confirm the

liver disease and other autoimmune

first-degree relatives with confirmed

diagnosis.

disorders also have associations with the

cases may also be considered, as 10-15

disease. Studies have suggested that the

percent of patients with a first-degree

The only treatment for celiac is a lifelong

older the patient is at the time of diagnosis,

relative may develop the disorder.

strict adherence to a gluten-free diet.

Intestinal

lymphomas

and

other

the greater the chance of developing

The majority of patients respond well.

another autoimmune condition such as

To avoid false negatives, all testing for

Individuals without improvement generally

autoimmune thyroiditis. Hence, early

celiac disease should start with serology

have poor diet compliance or accidental

diagnosis is crucial but often challenging.

and be done during periods of high gluten

gluten ingestion.

intake. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-tissue Abdominal symptoms of celiac disease

14

The Triangle Physician

transglutaminase (TTG) antibody is the


Endocrinology

Understanding

Pheochromocytomas By Michael J. Thomas, M.D., Ph.D.

Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine-

as an elevation in serum chromogranin A,

family history of endocrine disease(s) or if

secreting tumors, usually arising from the

can support the diagnosis of pheochromo-

multiple endocrine syndromes occur in the

neural chromaffin tissue of the adrenal me-

cytoma but are not helpful in the setting of

patient. Some of the genetic syndromes that

dulla or occasionally from outside the adre-

normal catecholamines.

include pheochromocytoma are: • Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (med-

nal gland, where they are usually referred to Tumor localization usually begins with an

ullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochro-

adrenal computed tomography scan or

mocytoma, hyperparathyroidism) and

These are relatively rare tumors, present in

magnetic resonance imaging. Pheochromo-

2B (mucosal neuromas and intestinal

about three to eight people per million; how-

cytomas often enhance on T2-weighted im-

gangliomatosis);

ever, the actual incidence is underreported,

ages due to their increased water content.

• Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (heman-

based on the observed frequency in autopsy

Localization of extra-adrenal pheochro-

gioblastoma of brainstem and retina,

studies of 0.3-0.95 percent. They occur with

mocytomas can employ the use of a ra-

renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic

equal frequency in males and females and

diolabeled 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine

neuroendocrine tumors);

become more common with age.

(MIBG) scan. MIBG, which resembles the

as paraganglionomas.

• Neurofibromatosis. (See Table below.)

structure of norepinephrine, is taken up Most pheochromocytomas are benign, but

and stored by adrenal and extra-adrenal

Many paraganglionomas (30-40 percent)

if they are malignant, they can metastasize,

pheochromocytomas and paragangliono-

may have germline mutations in the succi-

making management/cure difficult. Diagno-

mas. Fluoro (18F)-deoxyglucose (FDG)-PET

nate dehydrogenase genes (SDHB, SDHC

sis and treatment is imperative to prevent

is also very sensitive at detecting these tu-

and SDHD). Because these are autosomal

a life-threatening hypertensive crisis. Pheo-

mors.

dominant genetic disorders, the presence of

chromocytomas should be considered in the evaluation of any incidentally discovered adrenal mass. The classic clinical presentation is an

Condition

Gene

Frequency of Pheochromocytoma

MEN-2A, 2B

RET

~50%

Von-Hippel Lindau

VHL

~10-20%

Neurofibromatosis

NF-1

~5%

episodic “paroxysmal” triad of headache, diaphoresis and palpitations/tachycardia; however, several other symptoms may accompany the paroxysm, including tremor,

Pre-op medical management includes al-

a genetic mutation can identify first-degree

flushing, anxiety, nausea, chest pain, flank

pha blockade, with either doxazosin or

patients at risk for developing these tumors

pain and generalized weakness. A spell typi-

phenoxybenzamine. Additional therapy

and enter them into a clinical surveillance

cally lasts several minutes.

with calcium channel blockers and/or beta

program for early detection and treatment.

blockers can proceed after alpha blockade. Diagnosis may be made by either mea-

Surgical resection is usually curative and

Reference

surement of 24-hour urine catecholamines

can sometimes be done with a cortical-

Lenders, J.W.M., Duh, Q.-Y., Eisenhofer, G.,

(either

sparing procedure, particularly if bilateral

Gimenez-Roqueplo, A.-P., Grebe, S.K.G., Mu-

pheochromocytomas are present.

rad, M.H., Naruse, M., Pacak, K., and Young,

metanephrine/normetanephrine

or epinephrine/norepinephrine) or serum metanephrine/normetanephrine,

Jr, W.F. Pheochromocytoma and Paragangli-

which

should be drawn after the patient has been

As many as 35-40 percent of pheochromocy-

oma: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice

supine for 15 minutes. Several medications

tomas are genetic. Screening of first-degree

Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, June

can influence the accurate measurement of

family members for genetic mutations can

2014, 99(6):1915–1942

catecholamines. Other tumor markers, such

be pursued, particularly if the patient has a

February 2016

15


Duke Research News

Blood Test Can Distinguish Between Bacterial and Viral Infections Researchers at Duke Health are fine-tuning a test that can determine whether a respiratory illness is caused by infection from a virus or bacteria, so antibiotics can be more precisely prescribed. The team of infectious disease and genomics experts at Duke has developed what they call gene signatures – patterns that reflect which of a patient’s genes are turned on or off, to indicate whether someone is fighting infection from a virus or bacteria. Results can be derived from a small sample of the patient’s blood. The signatures were tested in an observational study described in the Jan. 20 issue of Science Translational Medicine. They were found to be 87 percent accurate in

Ephraim Tsalik, M.D., Ph.D., assesses a patient for respiratory symptoms. Credit: Shawn Rocco/Duke Health.

classifying more than 300 patients with flu viruses, rhinovirus, several strep bacteria and other common infections, as well as

Participants with respiratory problems

(the predominant cause of the common

showing when no infection was present.

were enrolled during visits to emergency

cold), and guiding treatment choices will

departments at five hospitals, including

be even more important.”

With these findings, Duke researchers are

Duke, the Durham VA Medical Center and

a significant step closer to developing a

UNC Hospital in Chapel Hill. The tech-

Dr. Ginsburg and colleagues at Duke have

rapid blood test that could be used in clin-

nique is more accurate than other tests

been studying gene signatures in respira-

ics to distinguish bacterial and viral infec-

that look for the presence of specific mi-

tory infections for nearly a decade, but

tions and to guide appropriate treatment.

crobes, the authors report.

only recently has technology allowed

“A respiratory infection is one of the

More precise ways of distinguishing infec-

makeup, 25,000 genes at a time, he said.

most common reasons people come to

tions could not only reduce unnecessary

The team had previously identified gene

the doctor,” said lead author Ephraim L.

use of antibiotics but also lead to more

signatures associated with viral infections,

Tsalik, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of

precise treatments of viruses, said senior

but this is the first study to distinguish non-

medicine at Duke and emergency medi-

author Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, M.D., Ph.D.,

infectious illnesses and viral from bacterial

cine provider at the Durham VA Medical

director of Duke’s Center for Applied Ge-

infections at the patient’s molecular level.

Center. “We use a lot of information to

nomics & Precision Medicine.

scientists to analyze a person’s genetic

make a diagnosis, but there’s not an effi-

Still, with current technology, measuring

cient or highly accurate way to determine

“Right now, we can give patients Tamiflu to

a person’s gene expression profile from

whether the infection is bacterial or viral.

help them recover from an influenza infec-

blood could take as long as 10 hours.

About three-fourths of patients end up on

tion, but for most viral infections, the treat-

Study authors are currently working with

antibiotics to treat a bacterial infection de-

ment is fluids and rest until it resolves,” Dr.

developers to create a one-hour test that

spite the fact that the majority have viral

Ginsburg said. “In the next five to 10 years,

could be used in clinics.

infections. There are risks to excess antibi-

we will likely see new antiviral medica-

otic use, both to the patient and to public

tions for common bugs like respiratory

“The ideal scenario, should this test ulti-

health.”

syncytial virus (RSV) and even rhinovirus,

mately be approved for broad use, is you

16

The Triangle Physician


Duke Research News would go to the doctor’s office and receive

In addition to Drs. Tsalik, Ginsburg and

This research was supported by the United

your results by the time you meet with your

Woods, study authors include Ricardo

States Defense Advanced Research Proj-

provider,” said senior author Christopher

Henao, Marshall Nichols, Thomas Burke,

ects Agency (contracts N66001-07-C-2024;

W. Woods, M.D., professor of medicine

Emily R. Ko, Micah T. McClain, Lori L. Hud-

N66001-09-C-2082), by the National Insti-

and associate director of Duke’s genomics

son, Anna Mazur, Debra H. Freeman, Tim

tutes of Health (U01AI066569; P20RR016480;

center. “We are working to develop a test

Veldman, Raymond J. Langley, Eugenia B.

HHSN266200400064C; K24-AI093969), the

that could be run in most clinical labs on

Quackenbush, Seth W. Glickman, Charles

Agency for Healthcare Research and Qual-

existing equipment. We believe this could

B. Cairns, Anja K. Jaehne, Emanuel P. Riv-

ity, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

have a real impact on the appropriate use

ers, Ronny M. Otero, Aimee K. Zaas, Ste-

Office of Research and Development (1IK-

of antibiotics and guide the use of antiviral

phen F. Kingsmore, Joseph Lucas, Vance

2CX000530; 1IK2CX000611) and an in-kind

treatments in the future.”

G. Fowler and Lawrence Carin.

contribution bioMérieux Inc.

Esophageal Cancer Survival Impacted by Race and Socio-Economic Factors African-American patients with esophageal

author Loretta Erhunmwunsee, M.D., who

combination treatment that is considered

cancer survive fewer months after diag-

is now at City of Hope in Duarte, Calif., stud-

optimal.”

nosis than white patients, but only if they

ied outcomes of 6,147 esophageal cancer

also have low incomes, according to a new

patients who underwent surgery. Of those,

“The finding that African-American patients

study from Duke Health researchers.

293 patients, or 5 percent, were black.

have higher death rates after esophagectomy isn’t new,” Dr. Erhunmwunsee said. “But

The researchers analyzed data from the

Before adjusting for in-

our study adds to this finding, showing that

National Cancer Data Base to assess what

come, black patients

black patients are most vulnerable when

effect the combination of race and low

had

overall

they are poor and that they may actually

socio-economic status has on cancer sur-

survival

white

be protected when they have higher socio-

vival. They focused on esophageal cancer,

patients, living a me-

economic status. This finding suggests that

dian 33 months after

targeting socio-economic differences may

diagnosis compared to

help combat racial health disparities.”

because it historically has had higher death rates among blacks and has a high overall

Loretta Erhunmwunsee, M.D.

mortality.

worse than

46 months for whites. Once income was factored in, there was no

Dr. Hartwig said the research team now

The findings were pre-

significant difference in overall survival be-

plans to study what the disparities are that

sented at the annual

tween white and black patients in the two

lead to differences in survival.

meeting of the Society

highest income brackets. Median survival

of Thoracic Surgeons in

in the higher income groups was 52 months

“Our study suggests that disparities in sur-

Phoenix Jan. 26.

for blacks and 61 months for whites.

vival for esophageal cancer are less likely

“In lower socioeconom-

But significant difference in survival

sons and more likely due to disparities in

ic groups, outcomes for esophageal cancer

emerged between white and black patients

health care,” Dr. Hartwig said. “Based on

vary by race, but not in higher socio-eco-

in the two lowest income groups. Median

our findings, we are now able to focus re-

nomic groups,” said senior author Matthew

survival for low-income African-Americans

sources on studying lower socio-economic

G. Hartwig, M.D., assistant professor of sur-

was 26 months vs. 40 months for low-in-

status among black patients as a way to al-

gery at Duke. “This has implications for all

come whites.

leviate health disparities.”

and should be further examined to eliminate

“One of the findings of the research is that

In addition to Drs. Hartwig and Erhunmwun-

health care disparities.”

black patients were much less likely than

see, study authors include Brian C. Gulack,

white patients to undergo surgery,” Dr. Er-

Cristel Rushing, Donna Niedzwiecki and

hunmwunsee said. “Surgery is part of the

Mark F. Berry.

Matthew G. Hartwig, M.D.

due to underlying genetic or medical rea-

sorts of cancers, not just esophageal cancer

Dr. Hartwig and colleagues, including lead

February 2016

17


UNC Research News

DNA Repair Enzyme Identified as Potential Brain Cancer Drug Target Rapidly dividing cells rely on an enzyme

the context of the developing brain or even

cells’ DNA, leading to cell death. Removing

called Dicer to help them repair the DNA

in brain tumors, despite the fact that the

a key enzyme that repairs DNA in cancer-

damage that occurs as they make mistakes

protein has been extensively studied,” said

ous cells could help prevent DNA repair.

in copying their genetic material over and

Mohanish Deshmukh, Ph.D., a UNC Line-

over for new cells. UNC Lineberger Com-

berger member and professor in the UNC

“We found that cancer-

prehensive Cancer Center researchers have

School of Medicine Department of Cell Biol-

ous

built on the discovery of Dicer’s role in fix-

ogy and Physiology and also the Neurosci-

Dicer,” said Vijay Swa-

ing DNA damage to uncover a new poten-

ence Center. “We have found that targeting

hari, M.B.B.S., M.S., a

tial strategy to kill rapidly dividing, cancer-

Dicer could be an effective therapy to either

postdoctoral fellow at

ous cells in the brain.

prevent cancer development or to actually

cells

upregulate

the UNC Neuroscience

sensitize tumors to chemotherapy.”

Vijay Swahari, M.B.B.S., M.S.

port that when they removed Dicer from

Scientists have understood for more than

think tumors upregulate Dicer because its

preclinical models of medulloblastoma, a

a decade that Dicer plays an important

function is to repair DNA.”

common type of brain cancer in children,

role in the cell for processing microRNAs,

they found high levels of DNA damage in

which regulate the expression of genes in

In their study, Dr. Deshmukh and his team

the cancer cells, leading to the cells’ death.

cells. But Dr. Deshmukh said it was in 2012

studied the effect of deleting Dicer in sever-

The tumor cells were smaller and also

that scientists discovered a direct role of

al types of rapidly dividing cells, including

Dicer in repairing DNA damage.

of preclinical brain cancer models. They de-

In the journal Cell Reports, researchers re-

more sensitive to chemotherapy.

Mohanish Deshmukh, Ph.D.

Center and the first author of this study. “We

leted Dicer in the normal, rapidly dividing That function is of importance for cancer

developing brain cells in the cerebellum of

“This is the first time that

research because rapidly dividing cells –

animal models, finding spontaneous DNA

the specific function of

such as cancer cells – incur DNA damage as

damage in the brain cells, leading to severe

Dicer for DNA damage

they divide. And chemotherapy and radia-

degeneration of the cerebellum. They also

has been looked at in

tion treatments often work by damaging the

tested whether Dicer had a similar effect on

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UNC Research News rapidly dividing cells outside of the brain. Upon deleting Dicer from embryonic stem cells, the authors found a similar effect. To test whether they could exploit the role of Dicer to kill cancerous cells, Mr. Swahari and his collaborators also deleted Dicer in

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News

WakeMed Key Community Care Chosen for CMS Initiative WakeMed Key Community Care has been

WKCC medical director. “The Next Genera-

tem toward one that delivers better care,

selected by the Centers for Medicare &

tion Model is the next step in how WKCC

smarter spending and healthier people,”

Medicare Services to participate in a new

will provide the Triangle community with

said Patrick Conway, deputy administrator

accountable care organization model called

high-quality, coordinated services for the

for innovation and quality and chief medical

the Next Generation ACO Model, which be-

best value.”

officer for CMS.

The Next Generation ACO Model is part of

The 21 ACOs participating in the NGACO

Through the Next Generation ACO Model

the Department of Health and Human Ser-

Model in 2016 include Trinity Health ACO

(NGACO Model), the Centers for Medicare

vices’ goal of tying 30 percent of traditional,

Inc. and Triad HealthCare Network L.L.C.

& Medicare Services (CMS) will partner with

or fee-for-service, Medicare payments to

All NGACO organizations were selected

accountable care organizations (ACOs) that

alternative payment models, such as ACOs,

through an open and competitive process

are experienced in coordinating care and

by the end of 2016. Sights are set on 50

from a large applicant pool that included

rewarding value over volume for Medicare

percent by the end of 2018. Alternative pay-

many qualified organizations, according

fee-for-service beneficiaries and whose pro-

ment models pay providers based on the

to a WakeMed Key Community Care press

vider groups are ready to assume higher

quality rather than the quantity of care they

advisory.

levels of financial risk and reward.

provide.

“We are proud to be selected by CMS to

“We look forward to working with our new-

participate in the first cohort of Next Gen-

ly selected Next Generation ACO model

eration ACOs, said Brian Klausner, M.D.,

participants to move our health care sys-

gan on Jan. 1.

For more information on the Next Generation ACO Model, visit innovation.cms.gov.

2nd Annual NC Doctors’ Day Contest Gets Under Way Nominations Accepted through March 4, Voting Is March 18-27 For the second year, the North Carolina Med-

voting will run from March 18-27. The winner

ical Society is leading the NC Doctors’ Day

will be announced and presented his or her

campaign to spotlight the state’s doctors.

award on March 30.

been practicing for more than 50 years. “We’re asking you to thank doctors for keeping us healthy and making a positive impact

The award is presented to the physician who

on our community,” said NCMS Chief Execu-

garners the most online votes and comes

tive Officer Robert W. Seligson. “We are all

with a $5,000 check to further a professional

patients at one time or another, and many of us have a story about a dedicated physician

cause or project in the winner’s community. This homegrown celebration honoring phy-

who made a huge positive impact in our life

Doctors may be nominated at ncdoctorsday.

sicians was a huge success last year, with

or that of a loved one or friend. Please take

org. through March 4. Those who are mak-

more than 140 doctors across the state be-

a moment to show your appreciation by par-

ing the nomination are asked to explain why

ing nominated for the NC Doctor of the Year

ticipating in NC Doctors’ Day.”

this doctor should be named NC Doctor of

Award, according to the North Carolina Med-

the Year.

ical Society (NCMS).

Ten finalists for 2016 NC Doctor of the Year

Last year’s winner was Gloria Graham, M.D.,

contact the North Carolina Medical Society

will be posted on the website, and online

a dermatologist in Morehead City who has

at (919) 833-3836.

NC Doctor’s Day is on FaceBook and Twitter using #thxdocnc. For more information,

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