Careers in Conservation

PACE – Pan African Conservation Education was created by Tusk and Siren Conservation Education and is coordinated by UNAFAS Conservation Values Programme.

This Careers in Conservation module was devised, researched and compiled by Penny Fraser. We thank the organisations and individuals featured for providing content and feedback, and members of the PACE network for inspiration, advice, reviewing and adjusting the various drafts.

Published by Tusk Trust

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© 2021 Tusk Trust

A catalogue record for this booklet is available from the British Library.

ISBN 978-1-9163401-4-5

Moral rights of the authors have been asserted.

The authors have made every effort to ensure the accuracy and currency of the information in this publication. The authors disclaim any liability, loss, injury or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, from the use and application of the contents of this booklet.

All rights reserved.

PACE Pan African Conservation Education

PACE is about sharing environmental success stories – sharing simple solutions to common problems between communities across Africa. The PACE pack was first published in 2004. It is a set of multi-media educational materials about issues confronting poorer people, including those living with wildlife as they go about their daily lives across Africa. The PACE pack is arranged in nine modules: Living with Wildlife, Water, Soil, Forests, Energy, Living by the Ocean, Urban Living, Health and Careers in Conservation. It includes beautifully illustrated introductions with background information and context, games, activities and puzzles that draw on traditional wisdom and science. Supplements go into more detail. Films illustrate grass roots success stories. Action sheets will help you put the solutions into practice. There are posters. An educator guide links PACE to frameworks and curricula that teachers follow in schools. Together the modules show how everything in our environment is linked and that if we look after our environment then we, the wildlife and other people we share the planet with will all benefit.

Careers in Conservation module

We all need a source of income and many people do not understand how conservation can help them to earn a living. This module shares the stories of people who have made successful careers in conservation. It describes different kinds of conservation organisations that are successful and employing people, people with practical skills and interests and also people with academic and professional interests and qualifications. We show how including conservation values and sustainability in our work is not only for conservationists, but the way forward for farmers, artists, mechanics, lawyers, accountants and every one of us.

Careers in Conservation, Green economies

Conservation Organisations – the kind of jobs they provide

Big Life - An international NGO in Kenya and Tanzania

Mokolodi - A nature reserve in Botswana

Project Grande Singes – Scientific tourism in Cameroon

Selected Careers in Conservation

Community outreach and anti-poaching

Wildlife translocation and monitoring

Conservation science research

Conservation education research

Vet Activist

Anti-poaching ranger

Sociologist

Scientific tourism coordinator

Civil Servant – Director of National Parks

and PR

28 29 30 32 34 36

Green economies

Introduction

Case study: Carbon Green Africa – Zimbabwe

Case study: Beadworks – Kenya

Glossary

Careers in conservation

Wildlife Conservation is a growing and an exciting sector, across Africa. Conservation provides an extraordinary range of job and career opportunities, more than most people realise.

This booklet demonstrates the kind of opportunities that exist in conservation. Five very different organisations, in different African countries show the great range of jobs and the many different kinds of people that work in conservation and related employment.

Sixteen careers in conservation are outlinedwhy and how people came to do the jobs they have, what it involves and the impact they’ve had. They range from young mum’s who had never left their home villages to a senior civil servant and a highly qualified vet. There is a woodcarver who is now running a national organisation planting millions of trees, an antipoaching ranger who travelled from South Africa to London to collect an award for exceptional service, a sociologist, a teacher, a coder.

You can read about the background, role, employer and achievements of women and men in these contrasting careers. We hope their successes will inform and inspire many of you to build your own careers in your own way.

Green economies

Conservation is becoming a part of everything we do. In the past Conservation Values were at the centre of traditional African ways of life – the way people farmed, hunted, built their homes, made clothes and ornaments ensured that there was always a harmony with nature. It is not just how life used to be in Africa it is also the way forward.

The last section of this booklet describes how conservation organisations in very different countries and contexts have helped local people to make their way of doing things green and sustainable at the same time as increasing their standard of living.

Conservation Organisations – the kind of jobs they provide

Big Life – Wildlife Protection, Tanzania & Kenya.

Big Life is an NGO that works in East Africa. They work closely with local communities, other NGOs, national parks and government agencies to help protect a vast area (1.6 million acres) of what is called the ‘Amboseli-Tsavo-Kilimanjaro ecosystem’. It is home to one of East Africa’s most important elephant populations, Eastern Black Rhino and other savannah wildlife.

Big Life’s focus is to reduce poaching and human-wildlife conflict. They also support education, medical outreach and other activities that bring the benefits of conservation to communities. Their philosophy is that Conservation supports the people and people support conservation.

Big Life employs 432 people* in Kenya, more than 400 are from the local Maasai communities. It is one of the largest single employers in the project area. Nearly 300 people work as rangers, supported by additional field staff. The rangers are well-equipped and expertly trained. They are trained in anti-poaching techniques, arrest and scene of crime procedures, first aid, radio communication, data collection. They have very effective and well-coordinated teams working on both sides of the Tanzania-Kenya border. They have 40 ranger units which use tracker dogs, 2 airplanes and 40 vehicles. They use the most up-to-date techniques and technology, coordinated from a high-tech control centre pictured below. The work of these teams is to protect wildlife and their habitats, mitigate human-wildlife conflict, and support communities, you can read more about Big Life in the PACE Wildlife Module.

Big life control room

Conservation Organisations – the kind of jobs they provide

As well as rangers Big Life employs 29 teachers, 2 nurses and a nurse attendant, 6 mechanics, drivers, accountants, 2 chefs, a store keeper and IT manager. They have 8 programme coordinators (for the Predator Compensation Fund, Education Scholarships, In-school Conservation Education program, Maasai Olympics, Conservancy Development, Rangeland Management, Crop-protection Fence and Sustainable Farming). There are four programme assistants and five people working on monitoring and evaluation. They have a director of operations with 21 admin staff; Finance, Admin, and Human Resource Officers; a finance assistant; Grants and IT Managers; a team of cleaning and ground staff and driver.

Big Life’s Field staff of 52 includes Bore-hole Attendants, Crop-protection Fence Attendants, Crop-protection Fence Attendant, Supervisor, Lion Tracker, Verification Officers for livestock compensation program, Predator Scouts, Maintenance and Water Rangers. Eighteen Maasai warrior leaders/chiefs are employed, a Ranch Committee secretary, Conservancy House caretaker, Conservancy Gate Clerks and Herder.

Mokolodi Nature Reserve, Botswana

Mokolodi Nature Reserve is near Gaborone, the capital of Botswana. It was set up in 1994 on 3700 hectares of bushveld land previously used for cattle farming. It is home to a wide variety of animals and plants endemic to southeastern Botswana. Some are extremely rare or endangered. The reserve has giraffe, zebra, leopard, cheetah, crocodile, numerous antelope and important bird species. Between 1994 and 2019 eighteen rare white Rhino calves were born at Mokolodi.

The land was donated into a Trust for the children of Botswana, to provide a natural area for learning about nature, conservation and the environment. More than 9,000 school children visit the Education Centre each year. The education centre employs five teachers, a team of cooks and cleaners and an administrator. They work with drivers, animal keepers in the sanctuary, security staff and the conservation and wildlife guides.

Education for young people at Mokolodi is funded by income from commercial activity, including eco-tourism. There is a restaurant, tea-room, a shop, chalets for overnight stays. There are beautiful venues for conferences, workshops, weddings, bush braais (barbeques) and other occasions. Tourists can go on game drives, rhino and giraffe tracking and cycling.

Staff in the main reception at Mokolodi are responsible for welcoming and orienting visitors. They keep records, take payments and bookings. They work closely with colleagues in the adjacent shop and tea garden. They are both receptionists and administrators.

The Events team prepare the venues for weddings, conferences and other occasions. They will serve refreshments, arrange entertainment and anything else that customers require.

The Mokolodi Conservation team maintain roads, control erosion and fire hazards on the reserve. They keep enclosures secure and monitor wildlife and habitats.

The activities and facilities teams take visitors –tourists, family and workplace groups - into the reserve. The Staff housing, offices and facilities at Mokolodi are maintained by their technical team, including electricians and mechanics, while a security team keeps Mokolodi safe. The management and administration team includes people with business, accounting, marketing, human resources, legal and fundraising experience.

The educators liaise with schools and teachers, and with bush camp organisers. They take kids into the bush camping, game viewing and many other learning experiences. They run practical classes that are part of the national curriculum –soils, ecosystems, water, wildlife, ecology, etc.

In 2018 Mokolodi employed 90 people, 75 from neighbouring communities. The busy restaurant employs more people again.

Mokolodi in Botswana is one example of an African Nature Reserve. There are wildlife and nature reserves, conservancies and parks all across Africa. Some are smaller, some larger. Some employ more guides and guards, some have larger facilities for visitors, hotels, lodges or camping sites, some have air strips, some keep horses, some like Ol Peteja Reserve in Kenya also rear livestock. Ol Peteja is large, it employs a thousand people. Some have sanctuaries for wounded, or other animals in need. You can see that the diversity of employment they provide is very great.

Conservation Organisations – the kind of jobs they provide

Project Grande Singes. Science tourism - Cameroon.

Project Grande Singes is a Cameroonian organisation. It was set up in 2001 to protect Great Apes in a part of the Congo Basin rainforest in the East region of Cameroon. PGS provides jobs and income to local communities through scientific tourism. The project set up and maintains facilities for scientific researchers to come and study great apes and other aspects of rain forest ecology. They provide all the support that the visitors need while they are in the area doing their research: transport, lodging and feeding, clean water, a field laboratory, well trained guides, internet. They have a modern office and living accommodation in the capital city and a research camp near the forest, 10 km from the nearest village. PGS uses the income from scientific tourism to help local communities live in harmony with wildlife –alternatives to hunting for example, and efficient farming that doesn’t cause deforestation.

PGS researchers study the wildlife. They learn about the social, feeding and reproductive behaviour of wildlife. They also study botany, the plants in the forest, what species grow, where they grow, its ecology and phenology. Phenology is the timing of flowering and fruiting. They study the plants that people use and that the great apes use. They study the impact humans have on wildlife, the impact of hunting, agriculture and timber extraction and ways to reduce conflict between humans and wildlife. The research is used to understand the needs of the great apes, and how they, the forest and human communities can thrive together.

Grande Singes means Great Apes in French.

There are four species of Great Apes: Gorillas, Chimpanzees, Bonobos and Orangutans. They are primates.

Above: PGS researchers take breakfast in camp before heading off to forest.

Conservation Organisations – the kind of jobs they provide

PGS also partners with other national and international organisations on livelihood improvement projects for the local population. These make the future more secure for people and wildlife.

Almost all the local population, except the old, young and infirm get work from PGS, 35 people are employed as research assistants, forest guides, builders, cleaners, cooks, guards, and about 200 other local people get temporary work on a regular basis.

The Yaounde PGS office employs a driver, a secretary/accountant, housekeeper, researcher, project coordinator and three research assistants.

Some of these posts were created in 2001, others in 2007. PGS staff have been trained in accounting, use of statistics software and computer mapping. Research assistants are trained in how to collect scientific data, scientific methodology, use of special equipment, safety. Some staff involved in specific projects receive specialist training.

As well as providing jobs for people from villages in the forest PGS also gives training and employment for Cameroon graduates. Many Cameroonian university students of forestry, wildlife and natural resources, have completed higher degrees with PGS. The two senior managers are Cameroonians who studied masters and PhD degrees with PGS. They have both worked with PGS for 13 years.

Local guides enjoy getting to know the tourists visiting their camp.

Read more about Donald’s career on page 22.

Selected Careers in Conservation

The next section features people who have successful careers in conservation.

We have selected a wide range of jobs and career paths. The people featured come from and work in different countries – from the south, east, centre and west of Africa. We hope that their stories will give you a bigger picture of conservation, what it involves and the opportunities it provides.

Black Mambas

Selected Careers in Conservation

Anti-poaching rangers -The Black Mambas

The Black Mambas are a South African antipoaching unit. They work for the Department of Environmental Affairs and Transfrontier Africa. Their job is to protect wildlife in the Balue Nature Reserve, part of the greater Kruger National Park. The Mambas are an allfemale team, they patrol the park boundaries armed only with pepper spray. They collect intelligence on poachers, check vehicles and buildings for illegal items, search out and remove snares in the bush. The Black Mambas are smart, speak well and always look cool. It’s made them into role models in their communities. They’re often invited to tribal functions to parade and give speeches.

“I was so proud of Yenzekile, my sister, she is a Black Mamba and was the only breadwinner for our family. I loved to hear her stories when she came home. When she told me they were looking for more Black Mambas, I was very excited. I always want to stay in nature because I love it. I want to save the animals from the poacher. I’m proud to be a Black Mamba.”

Mirren Mathebula

Black Mamba recruits are from local, communities. The only job requirements are good reading and writing in English, secondary school qualification and a passion for wildlife and conservation. All training is provided, including life skills like driving and first aid.

The Black Mambas do more than just antipoaching. They work to create a strong bond and educate communities that live around the wildlife areas. They visit schools every week. School attendance is highest when they are giving lessons on conservation.

“On my off days, I teach the children in my community to understand nature, that it is important not to kill animals.”

Belinda Mzimba

“I’m proud to be a Black Mamba, to save nature for our community and our children. I want to protect the animals for the next generation. I would like to study human resources and finance and work at Kruger National Park.”

Dedeya Nkwinika

Selected Careers in Conservation

National Parks, Conservation Manager, Head Ranger Black Rhino Translocation & Monitoring Law enforcement

Cathy Dreyer – South Africa

Cathy came from humble roots and started at the bottom of the ladder, using perseverance to build her career. She illustrates that being disadvantaged is not a barrier to achieving great heights. When she was young Cathy used to go walking near her home in Cape Town and on Table Mountain - ‘I always knew I wanted to do something outside. I studied nature conservation at university for three years. It included two years of theory and one of practical. For the practical I chose to go as far away from Cape Town as possible. That’s how I ended up in Addo National Park and working for South Africa National Parks’.

Working with black rhino as a student was a turning point in Cathy’s life. She developed a passion, or slight obsession, for the species - it has shaped her career and earned her the nickname ‘rhino whisperer.’

Cathy was appointed Conservation Manager with Eastern Cape Parks and her hard work and ability to bring people in conservation together, resulted in rhinos returning to areas where they had been completely hunted out. She moved to become Black Rhino Surveillance & Monitoring Coordinator for Kruger National Park, something of a dream job for her. “Kruger is the largest National Park in South Africa. It is the size of Israel and almost 2 million hectares! Little was known about the Black Rhino there so I started trying to firstly find them, mark or notch them in order to monitor them and get an overall understanding of the population – how many males and females are there, what is the age structure of the population, where in the park do they mostly live? By knowing as much as we can, we are in a better position to protect them and Kruger is the area that is hardest hit by Rhino Poaching in the world, so they really need protecting.

I employed Field Rangers from the local communities to act as Rhino Guardians and to assist with monitoring in the field. We put together protocols (ways of working) for rescue of orphaned rhino calves from the bush.

Sadly, many rhinos are orphaned very young, when their mothers are killed by poachers. We rescued a number of Black and White Rhino calves and wanted to see how we could improve our efficiency and techniques. We also tried new ways to treat injured Rhino. Most of them have been shot by poachers trying to get their horns. As the number of rhino become smaller and smaller we need to try to save every single one!”

Cathy loves her work and is good at it. She was promoted in 2019, becoming Conservation Manager at Addo Elephant National Park in the Eastern Cape, where she was responsible for marine areas as well as the land mammals she was used to. Now in 2021, she has been promoted again, becoming Head Ranger, back in South Africa’s world-famous Kruger National Park. Cathy’s job is high level, organising law enforcement, strategies for patrols, use of sophisticated technology and working nationally and internationally to combat wildlife crime. But still, one of her priorities is that many more people are able to experience wild rhino in their natural habitat. She wants to teach as many people as possible about rhino and why they are

Selected Careers in Conservation

Conservation Science - Researcher

Josia Razafindramanana - Madagascar

Josia was introduced to research and conservation by her tutor at teacher training college. They visited a forest far from Josia’s home. She saw wild lemurs and different types of vegetation for the first time. It inspired her to start learning about them. She was a qualified teacher but decided to study more. In 2012 she completed her PhD on lemur ecology and conservation.

Lemurs are primates that live on Madagascar, nowhere else in the world. There are 112 species. Some years ago Josia’s husband was travelling for his work. He sent a photograph to Josia and their children. She recognised a Crowned Sifaka Lemur in the picture. She knew it didn’t normally live in the area where her husband worked. She made a survey and discovered that its range was much larger than previously known, but the forest it needed only existed in patches. She wanted to protect them. She organised people to help – from local communities, expert primatologists, botanists, technicians, sociologists and educators. Her team had to be paid and they needed an organisation, a legally registered structure

with by-laws and internal regulations so that they could raise money to pay for the work and manage it well. They created IMPACT Madagascar. It does applied ecology - research that produces information to help make the right decisions for conservation. They have learned about the way lemurs use habitat, the plant species in the forest, the plant species that lemurs eat and their ecology. With this knowledge they manage and restore the forest so that lemurs thrive.

Josia uses her teacher training.

She does practical education teaching people ways to improve their livelihoods and help conservation: agro-forestry, permaculture and conservation agriculture, how to use less firewood, improve vegetable gardens.

She also teaches trainee teachers at the University of Madagascar. She takes them to her study sites. Her past students are teaching conservation values to children in schools across Madagascar.

Josia’s work is making a difference - the number of lemurs at her site increased by 20% in 3 years.

Conservation Education and Research Mary Molokwu – Liberia

Mary studied Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology at University. She works for an NGO, she started as Technical Advisor for Education and Research, then became Country and Operations Manager. In 2015 she was a TUSK Award for Conservation finalist – for her work setting up courses and training in conservation and forestry.

As a Nigerian female Mary’s choice of career has not always been understood among her peers – they are not sure if it is a job that women can do. When she is working Mary is often the only female in a crowd of senior male professionals. She has used her ability to unite and prosper cooperation against this backdrop and frequently makes achievements in the world of conservation where others have failed. She has demonstrated commitment and ingenuity finding appropriate ways to train and build the capacity of local Liberian conservationists.

Liberia had a wealth of wildlife and forests. After civil unrest there were few trained people or facilities for conservation. Mary started internship programmes and mentoring schemes. She developed workshops and training modules for schools and colleges and established a Centre for Conservation Training. Mary has helped create a new generation of conservation scientists in the country.

Some of Mary’s achievements include: Forestry curriculums of Liberia’s main academic institutions now include 12 conservation modules; a centre for conservation training constructed in Sapo National Park for forestry students and professionals; over 70 forestry students, professionals and academics trained via 11 theoretical and practical field courses; an internship conservation training scheme established; recommencement of the Sapo National Park (SNP) long-term bio-monitoring programme; and 8 Liberian conservation professionals benefitting from an international mentoring scheme.

Vet, Researcher and NGO Manager

Gladys

Kalema-Zikusoka

- Uganda

Gladys belonged to the Wildlife Club at school, she loved animals and as she grew older set up more Wildlife Clubs. She wanted to be a vet and was encouraged by her Mum who had herself been the first women in her profession in Uganda. She had support from home but had to fight stereotypes and discouragement from all sides when she chose to work with wildlife in the forest, it wasn’t considered a suitable place for an educated female. Gladys was determined and she became the first wildlife vet in Uganda, working with the famous Mountain Gorillas of East Africa. When she worked for the Ugandan Wildlife Authority Gladys observed that the health of local communities, gorillas and livestock was all interlinked - a decline in the health of any of them affected the survival of the others. She was fascinated by this and was inspired to set up an organisation called Conservation Through Public Health. CTPH provides health care for people and animals in and around protected areas in Africa.

Gladys still works with the animals, as a vet, doing research, advocacy and training and is very involved in community projects. She’s used her studies in management and social entrepreneurship to help people set up income generating projects in areas around National Parks in Uganda. These include producing and marketing ‘Gorilla Conservation Coffee.’ Coffee is bought from local farmers at a premium price. Knowing they have buyers and reliable income helps the local people and makes them feel positive about conservation. Gladys also runs tourist activities, which brings more employment and benefits to local communities.

Dr Gladys has won international awards for the great impact that her work has had on the communities, wildlife and habitats in East and Central Africa. She often travels to conferences and meetings around the world to talk about her work and promote rights and opportunity for women. Gladys is married, she has two sons.

Selected Careers in Conservation

Woodcarver turned environmental activist

Force Ngwira – Malawi

Force lives in Malawi, where he worked as a successful woodcarver for 15 years. He sold his carvings to tourists and did well, but as the number of woodcarvers grew, he realised that cutting down the slow growing hardwood trees that they used for carving was unsustainable, that soon there would be no trees left, none for his children to see and none for them to use.

He formed The Wood Carvers’ Association and as Director he oversaw the planting of 27,000 trees.

He went on to become the Country Director of RIPPLE Africa. Working with 150 full time staff and 4,000 volunteers he manages a series of environmental regeneration programmes focused on fish conservation, tree planting and fuel-efficient cookstove projects. Village by village, in collaboration with communities, Force and his team have planted over eight million trees. Through the RIPPLE Africa Fish for Tomorrow project, they are helping communities to manage their fish resource sustainably along a 300km length of Lake Malawi.

Force came full circle and is now a dedicated Malawian environmental activist. It has not been an easy, simple nor straightforward journey but his dedication to overcome challenges and educate and empower local communities to be equally as committed to conserving their environment has made him quite literally a Force of Nature!

“We never used to think about tomorrow, but I know that we have to start thinking about tomorrow because we will need natural resources for all the tomorrows to come.”

Selected Careers in Conservation

Anti-poaching Ranger Lucky Ndlovu – South Africa

Lucky is employed by South Africa National Parks (SANParks). He is a Sergeant. He leads a team of sixteen Field Rangers, based at the Kingfisherspruit Ranger Station in Kruger National Park. His team is responsible for patrolling 95,000 hectares of bush, an area that is home to all the Big Five species – lion, elephant, leopard, rhino, and buffalo.

Lucky and his team patrol the bush on foot, searching for signs and evidence of poachers. When they find tracks, they follow them, helped by their two dogs. The rangers are dedicated, fit, brave, use investigative and decisionmaking skills, team-work and great bush-craft. Lucky is a tactical specialist - he applies his understanding of poachers, his knowledge of terrain, his bush skills and persistence to achieve results. Lucky’s team halved the rate of poaching in just three years.

“I am proud to have been a Wildlife Ranger in the Kruger National Park. I started in 1992 and was promoted through the ranks from Lance Corporal, to become Sergeant in 2016.”

Lucky was promoted because his team caught and arrested two senior people for poaching - a Regional Ranger and State Veterinary Technician. They showed amazing strength of character and did not give into pressure from people around them. They worked out where evidence was hidden and searched 12km of road until they found tracks that led to the discovery of vital evidence in the case. The arrests reduced poaching tremendously in the area. His commanding officer said “I have commanded many men in my time and participated in 14 armed conflicts. Lucky is one of the most skilful and effective tactical specialists of my time.”

“This is our place. It’s where our children grow up. Our fathers left the rhino here for us to see. We must leave them for our children to see.”

Selected Careers in Conservation

Sociologist Community Development Dr Elizabeth

Pantoren - Kenya

Elizabeth grew up and went to school in Marsabit in the north of Kenya. Masabit was surrounded by a national park and a nature reserve. After working in Conservation and Social Development for 25 years, in 2019 she was proud to take a senior post working for the rural people in her home area as Director of Programmes for the Northern Rangelands Trust.

Elizabeth joined the Kenyan civil service when she was an undergraduate studying sociology. She rose up through the ranks to become Head of the Community Enterprise Development Department and then an Assistant Director in the Wildlife Service. She is academic, and has always loved learning, she has a Masters degree and a PhD in rural sociology and community development. She loves teaching as much as learning. Her job in the wildlife service involved mentoring and training colleagues in her service and community leaders. She was also responsible for overseeing the registration and government support to community nature-based enterprises. She is the person who signed the paperwork authorising the famous Ol Pejeta sanctuary for Northern Black Rhinos – the final home for Sudan, the last male northern black rhino to live on this planet.

As Director of Programmes in the Northern Rangelands Trust Elizabeth works with the community conservancies to ensure they are well managed, that they achieve their goals and are financially sustainable.

Dr Elizabeth is a passionate advocate for women and girl’s rights. She makes an effort to create public conversations about issues impacting on women and has become a role model for women.

You can read about BeadWorks, a hugely successful social enterprise that has empowered women in the communities across the Northern Rangelands Trust, on pages 28 and 29.

Scientific tourism – Manager

Donald Mbohli - Cameroon

Donald became interested in the environment after high school and decided to study Environmental Science at the University of Buea near where he grew up. After graduating in 2006 he wanted to use what he learned so he joined Project Grands Singes (PGS) as a volunteer. PGS is a conservation organisation that does scientific tourism. PGS is described on page 12. As a volunteer Donald mostly worked with local people at village level, collecting socioeconomic data and taking part in meetings and development projects with villagers. He found it difficult working with people who had limited education and very different views on the environment compared to him. But he enjoyed the work and did well.

Within a short time Donald was given a paid job and then within a year was promoted to Development Coordinator. In this role he had to write applications for grants, manage

income projects for villagers, and teach villagers about the value of conservation. He was later promoted to in-country project coordinator which involves managing all the project activities (scientific research on great apes, conservation, rural development) and managing all the PGS staff. Donald has a master’s degree in project management. He studied on-line while he was working.

Donald also coordinates the work of a French NGO that supports education, again as a way to help conservation. He has set up a new school in a local village. It is one of the best primary schools in the area. This and other projects he has run have helped the people and reduced pressure on wildlife in the forests.

Above: Donald collecting data in forest.

Donald has a Masters degree in Project Management.

Selected Careers in Conservation

Civil Servant

Director of National Parks & Wildlife

Brighton Kumchedwa - Malawi

Brighton Kumchedwa is a civil servant. He has spent his entire career in the Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW). He started as a Parks Officer and gradually worked up to Director of the DNPW.

When he was a child Brighton won a school essay competition. He wrote about a favourite animal. The prize was to visit a national park, where he saw elephants for the first time in his life. ‘It was an experience which until now I do not forget’ - it gave him a lifelong love for wildlife and nature.

In his career Brighton changed the face of conservation in Malawi. He set up community outreach and education ‘so that children will grow up thinking of wildlife conservation as a part of them. He fought for new wildlife laws and organised partnerships that hadn’t existed before - between government, community, private and NGO agencies.

Malawi had become a major illegal wildlife trade route and he turned that around in a way never seen before. You can read about some of the techniques that were introduced and the dramatic successes achieved in the PACE Wildlife Conservation Module.

The penalty for breaking Malawi’s new wildlife laws can now be up to 30 years in prison!some of the toughest penalties in Africa.

Brighton has a Masters degree (MA) in Environment & Socio-Economic Development.

Tusk Trust - Programme Coordinator Ivy Wairimu - Kenya

Ivy is Programmes Coordinator for the conservation charity TUSK. She works mostly in an office. Some of the things she does are: organising events; organising trips for film crews; liaising with projects across Africa, and writing and collecting stories for online platforms.

Ivy grew up in Kenya’s Rift Valley region and studied Business and IT in Nairobi. “I was an intern at an advertising agency. I saw an advertisement for a job at a Conservancy and it seemed like an interesting opportunity, so I took the leap without having any experience in the field! Luckily, it paid off. Before TUSK I had three different employers in conservation, working as marketing assistant, marketing coordinator, and communications officer.”

Ivy was a marketing co-ordinator for Ol Pejeta Conservancy for 1 year 5 months, then a marathon co-ordinator/marketing assistant for the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy for close to 2 years and finally as a communications officer the Northern Rangelands Trust in northern Kenya.

Her favourite aspect of her job is travelling and seeing different places as well as meeting inspiring and hard-working conservationists all over Africa. Thanks to her work she has travelled extensively in Northern Kenya as well as a few other African countries. Some of her best memories from working in conservation include helping to build the social media platforms at Ol Pejeta by telling stories about all the wildlife on the conservancy. Ol Pejeta was home to very special wildlife - orphaned and rescued Chimpanzees and the world’s last northern white rhinos. Helping people around the world learn more about this wildlife was very fulfilling.

She also enjoyed helping to organise fun events to raise money for conservation, such as the annual Lewa Safari Marathon where people from all over the world run on a wildlife conservancy to raise money for wildlife. Other events include the Tusk Conservation Awards where we recognise the work of people conserving endangered animals across Africa.

“Whatever your skills and talents are, you can use them to help protect

Selected Careers in Conservation

Hasabwamariya Enathe - Rwanda

Rwanda has a lot of great biodiversity. After secondary school, I lived near Nyungwe Forest National Park. I could hear and see primates, birds, and other great species at the edge of the park and fell in love with them. Because local people were forbidden to enter the forest when it became a protected area, a lot of negative stories about wild animals, and conflicts between the communities and park management developed. I wanted to help my country to live in harmony with its beautiful biodiversity. This is what inspired and motivated me.

I chose to study Zoology and Conservation because of my own curiosity and interest in animal behaviours, but especially wanting to know how to reduce human-wildlife conflicts and it concerned me that people didn’t know about or were not interested in conservation, even though it is a main source of income from tourism. Also, as a woman, I wanted to change the view on how men in Africa see us.

I graduated from university wanting to be a professor of primatology. I volunteered a lot and got study placements, and that helped me get work on chimpanzee and gorilla conservation projects. I joined a youth environmental group that got environmental issues into the media. This allowed me to travel and participate in several important international conferences.

Then I did a masters degree.

I am evidence that people can make a career in conservation if they want to. I didn’t have parents around to help me, I progressed by determination, connecting with people and seeking out opportunities. I didn’t become a professor, maybe I still will, but for now I love the job I have. I work at the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, as a natural heritage expert, and focal point for East and Southern Africa. My main job is to assist countries in the protection and preservation of their natural and cultural heritage. What I love most about my work is that I interact and work with global leaders, helping to solve problems affecting our natural and cultural World heritage sites, and I learn a lot.”

Peter Magosvongwe - Zimbabwe

Peter has made his own independent career in conservation. He teaches for local schools and is a popular tourist guide, especially for bird watchers.

“Our area has a lot of birds, many don’t live anywhere else. I became interested in nature growing up, I learned it from my neighbours. I started to get interested in conservation and joined Birdlife Zimbabwe in 1998 after seeing that other people in our community were not aware of the importance of birds and nature conservation and its benefits.”

Locally, birds are good indicators of weather, they give warning signs in advance of storms which allows you to prepare in time. This is one fascinating side of birds. In our area Vumba, the Swynerton’s Robin is my favourite. It is endemic, and it brings in foreign currency through birders who flock from so many countries, coming to Zimbabwe just to see it.

I gained the knowledge that I have from different birding experts, and from experienced conservationists that I have spent time with. I have done a lot with Birdlife Zimbabwe staff - conservation awareness in schools and my community. This work brought me an award. My work primarily is to teach eco clubs school kids about the environment, flora and fauna, from primary up to secondary level. I also conduct guided tours for tourists in the Vumba as well.

What I like most is teaching the young generation to understand and enjoy nature. I take eco clubs for walks to Botanical reserves, national parks and other recreational areas where I teach about tree conservation, birdlife, butterflies, wild animals, water, pollution and wildlife conservation.”

Above: Peter keeping his biological knowledge up to date at a conference in South Africa.

Selected Careers in Conservation

Janet Mallentze - Botswana

Janet is a ranger at Mokolodi Nature Reserve near Gaborone in Botswana. Mokolodi is described on page 6. Janet’s interest in wildlife and the environment was sparked when she joined the Wildlife Club at primary school. She went on to study travel and tourism at tertiary level and took university modules on conservation and guiding. She has done further training on the job and through her work even been to the USA for courses there.

Janet started at Mokolodi as a volunteer in May 2007, and within 6 months was given a permanent job as a ranger. She was trained by David (when he was in his 26th year of working at Mokolodi) and Lincoln. When she started she was the only woman working in the Conservation department, she didn’t mind and absolutely loves her work.

Janet takes visitors into the bush, tracking rhino. They move in 4 x 4 trucks to get to the general area where they think the rhinos may be and then move on foot. She may spend the whole day tracking. It can be physically demanding work.

Janet knows each of the rhino on the reserve, she knows their habits, personalities and behaviours, and they know her. She has to be alert to the rhinos and how they react to the different visitors, and she has to be alert to the visitors, some may never have been in the bush, and never been close to wildlife. Some may be very experienced. Some may be fit, others may find trekking in the bush a challenge. She is responsible for the safety and welfare of visitors and of the wildlife.

Educational technology

Simon Mwangangi - Kenya

Simon lives near the base of Mount Kenya. He is manager of Lewa’s Digital Literacy Programme, a programme that he founded, and that won the 2018 Google Impact Challenge as the most impactful of its kind in Kenya.

Simon has an interesting background. He came from a poor family and attended local primary and secondary schools. His family could not afford tertiary education, so he worked at home for 2 years to get his school fees and then joined a Lewa-supported secondary school where he developed a passion for both wildlife, technology, and education.

After completing school many youths around him looked for scholarships, but Simon wanted an apprenticeship, to learn about technology and conservation. He enrolled in free tech and pedagogy courses on-line and practiced what he learned while building the Lewa digital Literacy program. It provides computers, tablets, content and training to teachers and learners in the 23 schools supported by Lewa Wildlife Conservancy. It has meant that teachers and pupils in all these schools know how to use computers, use them daily, and have a much better quality of education and more opportunities than they otherwise

would. There are currently 6400 learners in this Lewa community, the same schools where Simon and his team studied. Simon leads a team of six, roles are shared, including repair and maintenance, reading programme, digital content development, training and monitoring and evaluation. His own work includes planning the way forward for the program, preparing budgets and supervising. He helps design new technology through partnerships with tech companies and develops curriculum in partnership with the Kenya Institute of Curriculum development. He also works with the fundraising team to raise money for the program and to develop and maintain partnerships.

“I enjoy seeing a complete development circle of education Technology, from the design table to where it is deployed and back to improvement, a rare chance most developers do not have. My ambition is to give equal and free access to quality education to every child in Africa! Helping them learn what they want, when they want to, and more so apply the knowledge to develop solutions for their social problems.”

“I really love coding, I don’t have enough time to do it as I would love to,

Selected Careers in Conservation

VulPro - General assistant, Operations Manager

Obert Gayesi Phiri - South Africa

My name is Obert. My job is managing the centre at VulPro. Vulpro is a Vulture Conservation charity based near Pretoria in South Africa. We take care of vultures that have been injured or poisoned, we treat them, care for them and release them back into the wild when they are fit. We also do research on vultures, and education to make people more aware of how special vultures are and how we can protect them.

I started at Vulpro in 2007. I started as a temporary, general employee, a job that involved gardening and feeding the vultures and eagles. I also was involved in cleaning and maintaining the enclosures and assisting with any bird treatments.

I was promoted to Operations Manager, and now my job is to manage the entire Centre. I make sure we provide the correct housing and meet the nutritional needs of all our residents – that is the vultures and large birds of prey. This involves regular check-ups of the birds throughout the day, daily enclosure checks, and feeding and providing clean water to all enclosures and birds. I assist with rehabiltition, treatment, as well as post and pre-op needs of our rehab cases. These are birds that have come to us because they were injured or poisoned in the wild. We provide veterinary care and a sanctuary.

I am also in charge of all tours throughout the centre and for volunteers working at the centre. Basically, anything and everything to do with the management, housing, care of the vultures both, releasable and non-releasable residents and all that is involved in their day to day care and management.

I also work side by side with the director on the captive breeding programme and take over management when she is unavailable or she is in the field. This involves taking care of incubation of eggs, hatching, hand-rearing and monitoring of the captive breeding population of birds at VulPro.

What I like about my job is helping to save the birds. I like learning more about the birds each day as there is always

Green Economies

Glossary on pages 30 to 32 gives definitions of words above.

Green Economies

There is much talk these days of green economies, reducing our environmental footprint and sustainable livelihoods.

These are terms that describe doing things so that we keep surviving and thriving into the future without damaging the environment or using up resources. They recognise that everything in our environment is linked, that if we look after our environment then we, the wildlife and other people we share the planet with will all benefit, in the short and long term. Sustainability, green economies and reducing our environmental footprint are concepts that come from the African Union and United Nations – the highest levels of modern society. They are modern words that carry the same message as a lot of traditional African wisdom – that we must minimise the negative impact we have on the natural world.

Do you know any proverbs or traditions that guide us on how we should live with nature?

In parts of Uganda and Cameroon families have totems. A totem may be the elephant, leopard, wild cat, lion, gorilla. Totems watch out for the people and people look after their totems.

Traditionally, in Namibia a farmer is said to manage his land well, to be a good farmer, if wildlife is abundant on his land.

In the Gourma region of West Africa it is commonly accepted that if the elephants disappear, it means that the environment is no longer good for people.

Baka hunters in the Congo Basin say - “the animals that remain happy today will feed us tomorrow.”

Action sheet 1. Includes a selection of traditional African tales and proverbs, with ideas on using storytelling in schools.

The last section of this booklet shares examples of conservation organisations and communities working together to establish green, sustainable ways of earning a living - ways of earning a good living that supports conservation.

Explore the other PACE modules and you can discover ways to make your own work and lifestyle more sustainable – ideas for making money, to save money or simply solve every day environmental problems!

Green Economies

Carbon Green Africa

Carbon Green Africa is a company in Zimbabwe that runs the Kariba REDD+ forest conservation project in the Zambezi Valley, on the south shore of Lake Kariba. CGA employs people but its biggest contribution is creating opportunities –new ways for people to earn a living, and ways to improve what they currently do.

Addressing climate change is central to the project. One cause of climate change is the large amount of carbon dioxide that human beings release into the atmosphere. Plants absorb carbon dioxide when they grow and store it as biomass: stems, branches, roots and leaves. Trees and grass contain a lot of carbon. Organic matter in the soil contains a lot of carbon. When this plant biomass is burned the carbon is released back into the atmosphere. You can read more about climate change in the PACE Energy & Climate change module.

Climate Change is a global problem, it effects all parts of the planet. Because of this people and companies around the world invest money to reduce carbon emissions. The money they invest is called carbon credits or carbon offsets. It goes to projects like Kariba REDD+ in Zimbabwe to help local councils, communities and education authorities to reduce carbon emissions. They help communities to farm and live in ways that are productive and profitable but do not contribute to climate change. They organise training that helps people earn a good living without harming the environment.

“I was one of the deforestation culprits before I met Carbon Green Africa because I was cutting down trees to make bee hives using tree bark. Kariba REDD+ project has changed my life. I used to make traditional hives. CGA then introduced Kenyan Top Bar Beehives. We were taught how to make them. I benefited with three hives that are giving me a good yield as compared to the traditional hives. I am now conserving the trees surrounding my area. With traditional hives, I used to harvest a small amount of honey just for my family but with Kenyan Top Bar Hives, I am getting enough for both market and family. I sell the honey in my neighbourhood and surrounding towns like Karoi, Magunje, and Makuti. With Kenyan top bar hives, I can achieve my dream goals ie sending my children to universities.”

Rogers Chingwena, A beekeeper from ward 8 in Hurungwe

Green Economies

Some beekeepers earn a lot of money from renting their hives to other farmers. Bees keep elephants away so protect their crops from elephant damage!

“Kariba REDD+ project was introduced in my village Chundu in 2011. Since then, I was trained in different workshops to broaden my knowledge on conservation farming. My lifestyle totally changed because I used to work on huge plots with few inputs and the outputs were poor. With the knowledge from CGA, I reduced my acreage to a 25m x 50m plot. This season I used dead mulch at one side of the plot and live mulch at the other side. I harvested two scotch carts of pumpkins from my live mulch hence I killed two birds with one stone i.e. I benefitted both maize and pumpkins. I am using these pumpkins to feed both my family and my domestic animals. I will never go back to traditional farming method again because I was straining myself working on large plot producing poor results. Thank you CGA for introducing Kariba REDD+ project.”

Tree nurseries producing tree seedlings are an important source of plants for re-afforestation and also a valuable source of income.

Carbon Green Africa creates opportunities for people in work as diverse as beekeeping, firefighting, developing nutritional gardens, conservation agriculture and environmental protection. Trainers and facilitators work with the project. Trainers teach adults from different backgrounds and with different educational and skill levels.

The project has created opportunities for foresters, agronomists, vets, borehole experts, drivers, teachers, nurses and many more. Setting up and running a project like CGA involves people who specialise in governance, law, accounting, experts in monitoring and evaluation, research, international relations, project management, sociology and research.

Action sheet 49. TREE PLANTING

Action sheet 56. WHERE TO GET TREE SEEDS

PACE Films: Forests module

Green Economies

BeadWORKS, Kenya

Beading is a traditional skill that women in Kenya use to make personal jewellery and other traditional decorative items.

BeadWORKS is a social enterprise that was set up by The Northern RangeLands Trust in 2007. It organizes women’s groups and helps them sell their beaded products. Initially it was a donorfunded project. Zoos Victoria in Australia gave extra help that grew the program to over 600 beaders.

In 2014 BeadWORKS became part of NRT Trading and started using a Star Beader production system. This is a way of working together that gives responsibility to the women themselves. They do quality control - every item is checked for quality by someone in each group. If the standard is poor it is not sent to the BeadWORKS office. The women quickly learn what is good enough to be sold, and they work to high standards. They also work together to create new designs, and new products that

are attractive to a wide range of customers in Kenya and in other countries. The Star beader system has helped them learn new techniques and styles and has provided them with credit and savings programmes. In 2019 1300 women were part of Beadworks, with sales worth $250,000 a year.

Conservancies are organisations that manage community lands sustainably - in ways that help both people and wildlife to thrive.

The Northern Rangelands Trust works for 39 community conservancies in a large part of northern Kenya. It helps with management, training and other services.

The NRT Trading is what’s called an Incubator of Sustainable Social Enterprises –it helps individual or groups of people to set up social enterprises and gives advice on running them.

Green Economies

Women are empowered, families, wildlife and the environment thriving.

In this area of Kenya, in the past, women were marginalised, often illiterate and restricted to domestic activity. A regular income from beading work and access to the outside world has empowered the women. Beadworks has given women confidence and respect, so that now they are now included in society. When the women come together they talk about more than beading, they have learned about health and hygiene, about savings, about business. They have learned about ways to run a household, about the conservancies and the NRT. They now speak for themselves, do things for themselves and have savings. They can think for the future and plan for their children, they have information and means to make informed choices.

With a regular income the women have been able to improve nutrition, pay health and doctors bills, pay for clean water and sanitation by purchasing water storage tanks, solar panels

to power lights and technology. Many women purchase improved cookstoves, some buy gas or ethanol stoves. This means they use less or don’t have to collect firewood. Some purchase water tanks so they can store water, saving the many hours they had to spend carrying water. They have learned about family planning - that smaller families mean better standards of living and less pressure on natural resources. The women are improving their own and their families lives without resorting to activities that damage the environment, like charcoal production or overgrazing grasslands with sheep and goats. Because Beadworks is a Social Enterprise, 5% of income is given to the conservancies as conservation fees. They have given $27,000 to their Conservancies. As contributors they attend board meetings and are involved in decision making. They contribute wisely to running the conservancies - prioritising education, health, women and girl’s health and well-being and family. They have earned respect and recognition.

Glossary

Bed Fee

Board

Carbon (C)

See Conservation fees.

Group of people appointed to manage or administer a company or organisation.

Carbon is a chemical element. It’s atomic number is 6. It is very abundant and exists in different forms. It joins with other elements to form compounds. All living things contain a lot of carbon, as compounds with elements like oxygen and hydrogen. Read about the carbon cycle in the energy module, it is one of earths most important natural cycles. Carbon compounds contain a lot of energy. Carbon dioxide CO2 is a ‘greenhouse gas’.

Carbon footprint

Clean Energy

Climate Change

Similar to ecological and environmental footprint but measures only the greenhouse gas component. It is the amount of carbon emitted into the atmosphere as a result of our activities. It is expressed as tonnes of carbon dioxide.

Energy that is produced without release of green house gases. Renewable energy is clean.

Climate change, also called Global Warming is the long-term change in weather patterns caused by a gradual heating of the earth’s surface, oceans and atmosphere. The Climate change that we are experiencing now is a result of what we call the greenhouse effect. It is caused by an increase in certain gases in the atmosphere, they absorb the suns energy and trap it in the atmosphere just as heat is trapped in a greenhouse. PACE ENERGY & CLIMATE CHANGE MODULE.

Collaborate

Community

conservancy

Conservancy

Conservation Fees

To work together.

A community-based organisation created to support the management of community owned land for the benefit of the livelihoods of community members. They are legally registered, governed by a locally elected board of directors and run by a local management team.

An organisation that manages community lands sustainably, in ways that help both people and wildlife to thrive.

Contributions that businesses or visitors make to support the costs of conservation and community development in conservation sites. Community enterprises linked to the NRT in Kenya (page 30) contribute a proportion of their profit to local community conservancies – it is used for running costs, to sponsor needy children in school, for microfinance, infrastructure like clean water; to promote peace and security and other community needs. Tourists sometimes pay conservation fees, it may be a ‘Bed fee’ added to hotel bills, or a proportion of their profit paid by tourism businesses.

Cooperative

Ecological footprint or Environmental Footprint

Working together; working together for common benefit. A business or group that is usually created by, and run and owned by its members, for their common benefit.

A measure of the impact we have on the environment. It can be calculated for an individual, or any group whether a household, school, community, organisation, country, etc. Estimated by calculating the area of land and water needed to provide everything we use and consume to provide all our needs and to absorb the waste produced by all of these. It takes into account all the activities and all the resources we use, directly and indirectly – for our food, shelter, transportation, goods and services. If we produce food locally using conservation farming, then our footprint will be less than if we use artificial fertilisers, and less than if we buy imported food because energy and resources are used to process, package and transport. It is expressed as an area. There are equations to calculate our ecological footprint www.footprintnetwork.org

Glossary

Empowered

Environmental Justice

Given the power to achieve; given opportunity, freedom, confidence to realise something particular or potential, including over life decisions.

Is about environmental security, human rights and social need. Ensuring everybody is involved in decisions about natural resources and processes, and policies to do with managing, protecting and use of natural resources are fair and for the benefit all groups in society.

Ethanol Stoves

Family Planning

Ethanol is a biofuel, made by fermenting sugarcane, maize or other starch. It is sold as a liquid in refillable bottles, an alternative to kerosene, wood or charcoal. The stoves look like a gas stove, burn with a flame and are a clean, convenient and affordable way to cook. Ethanol can also be used to fuel heaters.

Regulating the number and spacing of children, deciding on the method and accessing contraception to do this. Family planning includes learning about health, social, economic and wider benefits of spacing births and limiting childbearing. It is for men, women, young, adult, married and unmarried people.

Green Economy

A green economy is one that improves human well-being and builds social equity while reducing environmental risks and scarcities. It reduces waste, damage to the environment and to human health. Social equity is opportunity and fair access to resources.

Green Jobs

Hygiene

Jobs that support a green economy.

Concerns cleanliness - keeping ourselves and the environment around us clean, in a way that promotes health and prevents disease. Personal hygiene includes washing hands, cleaning teeth and bathing regularly.

Improved Cookstoves

Fuel-efficient stoves for cooking with fire that make homes safer and protect the environment. They use up to two thirds less fuel than traditional stoves, cook food more quickly, more safely, with less smoke, prevent deforestation and free up time taken to collect wood. Can be made using mud, clay, metal, concrete or a combination of these.

Low Carbon Livelihoods

Marginalised

Natural Resources

Northern Rangelands Trust (NRT)

A way of life that results in minimum release of carbon into the atmosphere. A lifestyle that has a low carbon footprint.

Left out. Not included. Without opportunity. On the edge or outside.

Anything that comes from nature or the natural environment: air, water, minerals, plants, animals, sources of energy. Natural resources can be divided into renewable and nonrenewable. Renewable natural resources can be replenished, more can be grown or they are part of a continuous cycle (like water). Non-renewable resources like oil and other minerals are finite.

An organisation of 39 community conservancies in Kenya. Key wildlife species live in NRT community conservancies, including elephant, lion, giraffe, oryx, hirola, black rhino. They are home to 320,000 people from 18 ethnic groups. The conservancies include dense forests, mountains, big rivers, deserts, savannahs, lakes, deltas and the Indian Ocean.. NRT helps communities organise themselves, to run peace and security programmes, manage natural resources and sustainable businesses linked to conservation.

Glossary

Nutrients are nourishing substances. The different groups of nutrients that our bodies need to stay healthy are - protein, carbohydrate, fat, fibre, vitamins, minerals, and water. We get nutrients from food and drink.

Nutrition refers to the food and drink we consume and how they influence our health. Good nutrition is a balanced diet that provides all the nutrients we need, in the correct quantities. Nutrition also refers to the study of nutrients and the nutritional value of food, how our body processes food and nutrients and the effect it has on our health.

Concerns supply of clean water and disposal or drainage of dirty water and sewage. a business with a social and/or environmental purpose as well as a goal to make profit. A social enterprise is a business that earns income from trading and reinvests profit either to build the business or to support the social or environmental goals.

A business with a social and/or environmental purpose as well as a goal to make profit. A social enterprise is a business that earns income from trading and reinvests profit either to build the business or to support the social or environmental goals.

Social

Differs from legal justice, it is about fairness in society, about money, opportunity, basic needs, being available to everybody equally and about fair and just relationships between different groups in society.

A production system used by bead workers in the NRT (page 30). It makes their business more efficient, profitable and empowering to members. Groups select members with leadership and entrepreneurial skills as Star Beaders. They oversee production and ensure deadlines are met, that only high-quality work is sent to customers.

Can keep surviving and thriving into the future without damaging the environment or using up resources. Can be maintained at the same level in the long term and be resilient to threats. The sustainability of something is the extent to which it is sustainable.

References & Credits

Africa our Home. Sasha Norris with Nancy Gladstone. 2017. Published by Siren Conservation and TUSK Trust.

Cameroon our Home. 2014. Published by TAMA Books, BP 307, Yaounde.

Chambers dictionary. 2003. Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd. Edinburgh.

PACE Educators’ Booklet. Glossary of Environmental Terms. 2018. www.paceproject.net.

www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics accessed November 2019.

Photo credits

Julia Gunther, page 1

Erim Moroney, page 2

Penelope Fraser, PACE, pages 4, 5, 6 & 7

Big Life Foundation, page 8

Jeremy Goss, BLF, page 9 top

Richard Bonham, page 9 lower

Donald Mbohli pages 10,11 & 22

James Suter, page 12

Safeena Chaudhry, page 13

Cathy Dreyer, page 15

TUSK, pages 17, 19, 20 & 23

Robin, NRT, page 28

Rochelle Hansen, page 29

Conservation through Public Health, page 18

Northern Rangelands Trust, page 21

Carbon Green Africa, pages 26 & 27

www.tusk.org

PACE - Pan African Conservation, is about sharing environmental success stories. PACE shares solutions to common problems between communities across Africa - from fuelsaving stoves to rainwater harvesting, solving human - wildlife conflict, to compost making and tree farming. PACE shares information about the environment and the very practical ways in which people are addressing their common environmental problems. There are ten modules in the PACE pack, this booklet is part of the Careers in Conservation module. We all need a source of income. Many people do not understand how conservation can help them to earn a living. This PACE module shares the stories of people who have made successful careers in conservation. The examples come from west, central east, and southern Africa. It describes different kinds of conservation employers and the wide range of jobs they provide. We show how conservation values and sustainability can help all of us, regardless of the work we do.

PACE is for students, teachers, community use and general reading

PACE - Pan African Conservation, is about sharing environmental success stories. PACE shares solutions to common problems between communities across Africa - from fuel-saving stoves to rainwater harvesting, solving human - wildlife conflict, to compost making and tree farming. PACE shares information about the environment and the very practical ways in which people are addressing their common environmental problems. There are ten modules in the PACE pack, this booklet is part of the Careers in Conservation module. We all need a source of income. Many people do not understand how conservation can help them to earn a living. This PACE module shares the stories of people who have made successful careers in conservation. The examples come from west, central east, and southern Africa. It describes different kinds of conservation employers and the wide range of jobs they provide. We show how conservation values and sustainability can help all of us, regardless of the work we do.

Contact pace@tusk.org | www.paceproject.net.

PACE is for students, teachers, community use and general reading

Contact pace@tusk.org www.paceproject.net

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

TUSK thanks DHL, ICAP and the Vodaphone Foundation for their significant and generous

TUSK thanks DHL, ICAP and the Vodaphone Foundation for their significant and generous support of PACE, which has been fundamental to its success to date.