Two Row Times, October 19, 2022

HDI asks Ontario Court to name them rightful government, remove elected council from land claim

Chiefs say their “citizens” are the rightful claimants, only those with matrilineal descent

NAHNDA GARLOW nahnda@tworowtimes.com TWO ROW TIMES

SIX NATIONS — HDI is tak ing Six Nations governance struggles straight where hereditary leaders and grassroots Ongwehonwe said they would never go — beneath the jurisdiction of an Ontario judge — grant ing the provincial court a voice and final say over who is the true government of Six Nations.

The HDI, represented by the firm Gilbert’s Law, filed a draft statement of defence, counterclaim and crossclaim last month, on Sept. 9, 2022 — seeking to intervene in the Six Nations land claim. SNGR filed the Haldimand Tract litigation on March 7, 1995.

Now, in their Draft State ment of Defence, Coun terclaim and Crossclaim — HDI, who are noted in the court filings as Aaron Detlor and Brian Doolittle,

say they are the only entity able to speak for the rights of the Haudenosaunee citi zens of the Confederacy — and that those individuals along with the HCCC and not the Six Nations band membership, are the ones entitled to compensation in the land claim.

HDI is asking an Ontario judge to issue “a decla ration” that the Elected Council is not the “collec tive rightsholder”, that the HCCC is the holder of Six Nations collective rights and “the only entity entitled to the relief sought in the Statement of Claim on behalf of and for the benefit of all Haudenosaunee.”

The HDI is also submit ting to the court their offi cial perspective on who and how a person is considered Haudenosaunee — bring ing Haudenosaunee iden tity away from the people and before a provincial court and external govern ments for deliberation.

The HDIs claim contin

ually references “Haude nosaunee citizens” as the rightful heirs to any compensation granted for the Haldimand Tract, and not the Six Nations band membership.

HDI relied on clarifi cation of what makes a "Haudenosaunee citizen” from Colin Martin, who identifies himself as an apprentice of the culture and faithkeeper.

Martin submitted an affidavit, claiming that the HCCC is representing Haudenosaunee citizens from across the United States and Canada — about 108,000 band or tribal registered Haudenosaunee people — but says that Haudenosaunee Citizen ship is limited to only those with matrilineal Haudenos aunee ancestry.

The current land claim as filed by SNGR represents the Six Nations band mem bership list of 28,000 and currently does not rely on matrilineal descent.

Historically, Indian status and band member ship in Canada was only traced through the lines of the father. However, Indian Affairs, as it was called at the time, changed its pro tocols in the 1990s to allow women to pass status down to their children.

The claim does not explain how the HDI will represent the interests of Haudenosaunee band/ tribal registrants without matrilineal Haudenosaunee ancestry, if at all.

Six Nations of the Grand River Elected Council says it will fight to ensure only the band can represent the community.

SNGR said in a press release: “The HDI wants to ask the court to hold that the proper party to the Haldimand Proclamation is the whole Haudenosaunee Confederacy and not the Six Nations of the Grand River. They are also asking the court to hold that the Six Nations of the Grand River

cannot bring this claim and that only the Haudenos aunee Confederacy Chiefs Council, on behalf of the whole Haudenosaunee Confederacy, can bring or negotiate this claim.”

SNGR argued that the Haldimand Deed was “ex plicitly granted to the said Mohawk Nation and such others of the Five Nation Indians as wish to settle in that quarter [along the Grand River] ... which them and their posterity are to enjoy for ever.”

“This self-governing community of Mohawks and such others of our nations is today legally recognized as Six Nations of the Grand River and has brought litigation as an integral First Nation against Canada and Ontario for compensation from the Crown relating to the Haldi mand Tract,” SNGR said.

According to SNGR, offi cials with the federal Justice

LOCAL keeping you informed.

Increase in credit achievement for Six Nations students

DONNA DURIC

donna@tworowtimes.com

TWO ROW TIMES

Six Nations secondary school students showed a notable increase in credit achievement in the 20212022 school year.

Credit accumulation in creased for all grades but the jumps were particu larly noticeable for grades nine and 11. Only nine per cent of grade 11 stu dents achieved eight full credits in the 2020-2021 school year. Last year, that jumped to 22 per cent.

About 31 per cent of grade nine students ob tained eight credits in the 2020-2021 school year, which jumped to 47 per cent last year.

Grade 10 saw a jump from 29 per cent to 32 per cent, and grade 12 saw a jump from 38 per cent to 45 per cent.

The dip in credit achievement was direct ly correlated with the Covid-19 pandemic, said GEDSB Board Chair Kevin Graham.

“We know that these values will continue to go up,” said Graham.

The 2021-2022 school year continued to be one of responding to change, as the pandemic forced transitions between in-person and online learning, said Claudine VanEvery-Albert. “Despite these challenges, I am very pleased to see the progress toward students. It pleases me as an edu cator and a mother and a grandmother that things are really happening in Grand Erie.”

Many years ago, when she first got involved in education, there were only two staff members in the GEDSB assisting Indige nous students.

Now, there are close to 20.

“Things are really hap pening and I’m pleased with that,” said VanEv ery-Albert.

The majority of Six Na tions students attending secondary school off-re serve go to McKinnon Park in Caledonia, with 200 students on the roll in 2021-2022, followed by Hagersville Second ary, Brantford Collegiate Institute, Tollgate Techno logical Skills Centre, and Pauline Johnson Colle giate.

In terms of overall credit accumulation, about 65 per cent of Six Nations students achieved all credits required to graduate in grade 12 or 13 by June 2022.

The provincial gradu ation rate hovers around 80 per cent. The GEDSB graduation rate is in the mid to high 60s.

HDI asks Ontario Court to name them rightful government

CONTINUED FROM

Department have warned the Attorney General that the case is "high risk" to the government and "will result in a significant damage award that would dramatically benefit our community at Six Nations. But the HDI motion seeks to jeopardize our commu nity's ability to benefit from our collective rights.”

SNGR says it is preparing a response to HDl’s claim.

“We will vigorously defend the entitlement of the Six Nations of the Grand River to bring and benefit from this claim and any judgement or settlement.”

According to an affida vit, submitted by Haude nosaunee Development Institute’s President Brian Doolittle, a Zoom meeting was held on April 2, 2022 where ten of the hereditary leaders at the Haudenos

aunee Confederacy Chiefs Council directed Doolittle to file an application for intervener status in the Six Nations land claim — inviting an Ontario judge within the Superior Court of Justice voice to have the final say on Six Nations gov ernance struggles.

Doolittle’s affadavit says, “At this meeting, the HCCC resolved to authorize HDI to intervene in this litiga tion to represent the inter ests of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy.”

Doolittle says just ten hereditary chiefs were present to make that decision: Mohawk Chief Alan MacNaughton; Oneida Chiefs Al Day and Arnold Hill; Cayuga titleholders Steve Jacobs, Steve Maracle and Roger Silversmith; and Onondaga title holders Cleve Thomas, Kervin Wil

liams and Toby Williams.

Doolittle’s affidavit also references Tom Jonathan as chief sitting with the Younger Brothers and pos sibly an Oneida or Cayuga chief but the HCCCs roster of hereditary title holders does not show that individ ual named.

The claim, motion re cords and other court docu ments were posted publicly online in September by order of the courts and no tices sent to various media outlets and communities in Canada and the USA.

HDI rep Aaron Detlor did not respond to requests for comment by press time.

It is expected that the court will hear the HDI re quest to become involved in the case from Jan. 30 to 31, 2023. The case is expected to go to trial sometime in early 2024.

Contamination of Grand River coming from upstream

DONNA DURIC donna@tworowtimes.com

ROW TIMES

A study measuring the quality of water in the Grand River found the majority of pollutants are coming from munic ipalities upstream and are concentrated around Fairchild Creek.

Pesticides, e-coli, and human waste by-prod ucts are all present in the Grand River but the state of the art treatment plant

in Ohsweken is filtering most of that out, accord ing to one of the study authors, Marsha Ser ville-Tertullien, from Trent University.

She recommended Six Nations tell municipal ities up stream to clean up their act in order to reduce potential con taminants in Six Nations’ drinking water.

The study involved sampling water from various points along the Grand River and placing “polar organic chemical

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integrative samplers” in the water at various spots for 14 days to detect certain chemicals within the water.

Study authors were checking for the presence of caffeine, pesticides, Sucralose, e-coli and other total coliforms (which indicate the presence of fecal matter) in the Grand River.

Sampling points were located upstream, one at Fairchild Creek, one just below Fairchild Creek, and near the Ohsweken Water Treatment Plant. Fairchild Creek is a tributary of the Grand River near Rockton, Ont.

The study found the presence of all contam inants in the river are mostly coming from up

stream and near Fairchild Creek.

Sucralose and caffeine are indicators of human household wastewater pollution, and pesticides indicate contamination is coming from agricultural sources, said Serville-Ter tullien.

Most of the pesticides found were also located upstream of the Grand River.

The good news, though, is that the Six Nations Water Treatment Plant is doing its job.

“The treatment plant is doing a really good job at removing those chemi cals from the water,” said Serville-Tertullien.

The Six Nations water treatment plant uses vari ous purification methods,

such as UV disinfection and bacterial activated carbon filtration, among others.

Those two types of technology are fairly unique.

“Not all drinking water plants are fitted with those types of technology,” said Serville-Tertullien. “They were doing a good job at removing those contaminants that were coming from upstream.”

The plant was shown to have removed fungicides and herbicides from the water, as well.

There were, however, “substantial amounts of caffeine and Sucralose” (an artificial sweetener) found upstream.

The study showed the water treatment plant re

moved more caffeine from drinking water than it did Sucralose.

The study also found there were high levels of e.coli and coliforms at Fairchild Creek but the water treatment plant reduced them to levels ac cepted by Health Canada.

The take home, said Serville-Tertullien, was that the Grand River con tinues to be polluted by domestic wastewater and agricultural run-off and Fairchild Creek is contrib uting to that contamina tion.

She recommended that municipalities upstream be pressured to make changes to keep the water cleaner and safer.

Notice of Study Completion

Transportation Master Plan (TMP) Update

About the Transportation Master Plan Update

The County of Brant has completed its Transportation Master Plan update, undertaken alongside the development of the new Official Plan. The Transportation Master Plan is a long term plan that identifies transportation needs and solutions to implement over the coming years, intended to support the vision of being:

• An inclusive multi modal transportation system that safely and reliably connects the places where we live, work and play.

The Plan recommends solutions that respond to the following needs and opportunities:

• Rapid growth: Meet the needs of existing and future travel demand

• Localized issues: Improve Road network safety and operations

• Goods movement: Ensure efficient goods movement

• Active transportation: Make active transportation more attractive

• Public transit: Grow transit connections and coverage within, to and from the County of Brant

What we learned

Two rounds of consultation were held throughout the study, including a public survey, live public meeting and two stakeholder meetings. Feedback received shaped the Plan and ensures solutions meaningfully respond to local desires, which highlighted an interest in:

• Improved safety and road operations

• Support for cycling connections

• Improved transit

• The need to respond to congestion in and around Paris

Comments Welcome

The draft Transportation Master Plan Summary Report was presented to Council on September 27, 2022. The County of Brant is now hosting the public review period, providing the public the opportunity to comment on the draft report, which is available online at engagebrant.ca/TransportationMasterPlan on November 1, 2022.

Please submit all written comments by December 9, 2022, to:

Mark Eby, P.Eng. Director of Infrastructure County of Brant 519 449 2451 mark.eby@brant.ca

Other information

Scott Johnston, P.Eng. Consultant Project Manager IBI Group 416 596 1930 ext. 65503 sjohnston@ibigroup.com

The Plan’s study follows the Municipal Class Environmental Assessment planning process for Master Plans under the Environmental Assessment Act. Major projects identified by the Transportation Master Plan will require further study and approvals prior to implementation.

OPINION editor@tworowtimes.com

The descendants of Canojaharie, Tikondarago, and Aughugo matter

HDI and some hereditary leaders seeking to restrict heirs to the Haldimand Pledge

NAHNDA GARLOW nahnda@tworowtimes.com TWO ROW TIMES

Throughout the indige nous world there is a say ing — “we belong to the land”. It is a multi-faceted expression with many in terpretations, one of them being that as indigenous people our connection to place, traditional home lands that is, is a part of who we are at the very core of our identity.

This is one of the reasons why people will passionately defend terri torial boundaries against development, resource ex traction and exploration.

We belong to the land, we have a duty to care for the land and in turn the land will continue to care for us with provisions such as clean water, food, shelter, and medicine.

For the last 230 years, Six Nations along the Grand has been the land where we all belong.

In 1779, George Wash ington ordered a military campaign also known as the Sullivan Campaign or Sullivan-Clinton Genocide, that destroyed 40 Haude nosaunee villages and everything owned by the people in those territories.

The result was the exodus of 5000 Haudeno saunee people from the traditional homelands and into what is now called Canada.

Imagine for a moment, you are there. Maybe you’re a mom of four and your home and belongings and food storage and the homes, belongings and food storage of absolutely everyone you know - has been turned to ash.

Historians have doc umented that our corn fields surrounding our vil lages were 9 square miles. All of it, burned. The entire Haudenosaunee economy was destroyed.

You flee. Landing eventually along the lake at Fort Niagara along with 5000 other people - some you may know but most likely you are surrounded by strangers and everyone is impoverished.

Our people would stay at Fort Niagara as refugees in encampments surrounding the Fort, some times for years, until eventually moving to more permanent set tlements around the Great Lakes.

Some moving on to what is now called Tyendina ga, Kahnawake and Akwesasne — and several to Grand River.

Finally, a place they could put down roots and build a home that is safe from invasion, where their children could grow and play safe from the fear of military invasion. The land was a promised gift, set aside for those ancestors and their descendants — forever.

what they lost in whatever ways they could.

That is the ancestry for so many of us from Six Nations. It is a story of our grandfathers and grand mothers that is so integral to who we are because it describes our beginnings of where we belong.

Our grandmothers and grandfathers were forcibly removed from the land where they belonged in the past, and were trans

HDI appear again with their misinterpretations of history and tradition — this time speaking shad ows into court documents in an attempt to rephrase cultural identifiers and re frame historical fact to fit their preferred narrative.

Only certain people belong? The land belongs to the HCCC?

No one can change his tory, not even titleholders. No one can rewrite the

And we, the people of Six Nations, for those ancestors who settled here so long ago, we are now those coming faces yet unborn — we were the children that mattered.

No court, no entity, no corporation, no religious collective can change a persons ancestry or reframe it how they would prefer it be written.

The Haldimand lands were pledged to the Mohawk before the Proclamation of 1784. A promise was made to the people of the ancient villages of Canojaharie, Tikondarago and Aughugo. Those of us who have grandfathers and grandmothers that are from the Mohawk Nation have these stories in our teachings.

We’ve said it before, and will say it again and again — the old folks talk ed about Six Nations being a warriors settle ment. The land was given to the Mohawks and such others. Not to the HCCC and not only for the matrilineal descendants of the Haudenos aunee as defined by Colin Martin, Aaron Detlor, Brian Doolittle, Haudenosaunee Confederacy Chiefs Council, 2438543 Ontario Inc. or anyone else who comes around with a claim.

Tikondarago and Aughu go. Those of us who have grandfathers and grand mothers that are from the Mohawk Nation have these stories in our teach ings. Those agreements and stories have been passed down through the generations and are not forgotten. They can’t be side-stepped in an Ontario Court and ignored. They are historical fact, not a Mohawk ego-trip.

Here is the promiseaka the Haldimand Pledge of 1779.

“By His Excellency General Haldimand, Esq., Captain General and Command er-in-Chief of the Province of Quebec, and upon the frontiers of Quebec, etc.

What a feeling of hope that must have been for so many mothers and fathers who settled along the Grand. What a time of healing they had on their hands, to overcome an en tire genocide and re-build communities — repairing

planted in a new home, new lands, new belong ing. Here at Grand River. And while they were yet wounded, they set down roots, and began to grow their lineages again. For us — the faces yet to come. We belong to this land, and we belong to our ancestors.

No one can redefine those two things. They are. It’s truth.

And yet, the HCCC and

Haldimand Proclamation and all of the historical documents that support the journey taken by our ancestors who settled here.

No one can rewrite who belongs to the land by redefining who belongs to the Confederacy. We all belong to the Confeder acy. We promote it every day on orange flags and t-shirts: Every Child Mat ters. Not just some.

Disinherit ing people who belong to the land by trying to redefine who is a Haudenosaunee is colo nial violence.

Do you know what else happened in 1779?

The same year as the Sullivan Campaign, the genocide. The Haldimand lands were pledged to the Mohawk before the Proclamation of 1784.

A promise was made to the people of the ancient villages of Canojaharie,

Some of the Mohawks of the Villages of Canoja harie, Tikondarago, and Aughugo, whose settle ments than had been on account of their steady attachment to the King’s service and the interests of Government ruined by the rebels; having informed me that my predecessor, Sir Guy Carleton, was pleased to promise, as soon as the present troubles were at an end, the same should be restored at the expense of the Government, to the state they were in before the wars broke out, and said promise appearing to me just, I do hereby ratify the same and assure them the said promise, so far as in me lies, shall be faithful ly executed, as soon as that happy time comes.

GIVEN UNDER MY HAND AND SEAL at Quebec the 7th day of April, 1779.

FRED HALDIMAND”

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Hamilton asks for another year to complete cleanup of Chedoke Creek due to delays by HDI

NAHNDA GARLOW nahnda@tworowtimes.com TWO ROW TIMES

HAMILTON — City offi cials say they are at an end to options of resolving a conflict with the Haude nosaunee Development Institute and its members, who they say are prevent ing workers from clean ing up a contaminated waterway, Chedoke Creek, in Hamilton.

They are asking the Ministry of the Environ ment, Conservation and Parks for an additional year to comply with a cleanup order for Chedoke Creek and an order to HDI to prevent them from obstructing cleanup work along the waterway.

The HDI was invited to speak with the City on the cleanup as part of a process outlined with the Ministry of the Environ ment the Department of Fisheries when the city sought permits to begin the dredging of the creek.

Ontario instructed the city of Hamilton to reach out to the Mississaugas of the Credit, Six Nations of the Grand River and the Haudenosaunee Confeder acy Chiefs Council.

In emails shared with TRT, HDI Director/lawyer

Aaron Detlor says that the City of Hamilton must pay HDI $350,000 in order to continue discussions. That price is broken down into $40,000 for “engagement costs”, $165,000 for “moni tors over life of project”; $75,000 for “review of reports”; $35,000 for “internal Haudenosaunee engagement” and $35,000 for “external engagement with Hamilton.

Detlor also outlines a “Daily Cost of Standby” set at $15,000 per day and says the days HDI has been on “standby” is numbered at 39 - totalling another $585,000 in costs.

Detlor did not return requests for comment or clarification to explain what “standby” costs were and if they were connected to protesters who, accord ing to the city of Hamilton, have attended the cleanup site and obstructed work.

Hamilton says that HDI reps have stopped clean up work on at least 40 instances.

In an update to the city council on October 13 — Cari Venderperk, Director of Watershed Management for Public Works said that work to clean the creek

was supposed to resume on September 28 but that “members of the Haude nosaunee Development Institute (HDI) continue to attend the site daily, tying off their watercraft to the dredger pipeline within the active construction site, expressing they are exercising their treaty rights, which has delayed the work due to health and safety concerns.

Vanderperk writes that contractors have asked HDI reps to stay in a side area reserved for them to protest safely and they have refused. Hamilton Po lice have attended the site and have had similar con versations with protesters who are being told there is a risk to their safety if they continue to canoe in the waterway in an active construction area that the City says is unsafe.

The report says that there have been escala tions by HDI reps at the site, intimidating contrac tors on the site.

The report to council says that on the evening of October 3, unidentified persons broke into the dredging barge and stole tools and equipment and says an emergency injunc tion may be required.

Contractors with the cleanup crew told the city that they were invoking their right to refuse to work due to “danger ous and intimidating behaviour from the HDI representatives on site”.

The city says it is asking the Ministry for an exten sion to December 31, 2023 to complete their cleanup of Chedoke Creek.

In part that delay is due to the lack of engagement with HDI. The report says that while the city has had successful consultations with Mississaugas of the Credit, Six Nations of the Grand River and the Huron-Wendat Nation — HDI has not engaged fairly. “Staff have been communicating with the HDI regularly since August 18 to try to find a reason able accommodation that allows the project to pro ceed without further delay. Unfortunately, staff have encountered obfuscation and changing demands,” says the report along with a follow up that HDI is demanding $350,000.

Two Row Times spoke with Nick Winters, Di rector of Hamilton Water with the City of Hamilton to get further detail about what the delays are all

about and what the HDI is demanding from Hamil ton.

Winters explained that before HDI will consent to the cleanup of the creek, Hamilton must change its internal policies so that every development and construction permit that comes through the city must seek the consent and approval of HDI.

This is something the City Council in Hamilton is just not willing to do.

It’s also something he says the City Council can’t do, and that meeting that demand would require changes to provincial law — namely the Municipal Act and the Planning Act. And that those changes can’t just happen over night, or by the order of a city council.

Winters explained to TRT that 24 billion litres of raw sewage ran into the waterway over 4 years.

Winters says that sediment has high concen trations of nitrogen and phosphorus that can cre ate an environment where algae blooms can flourish in those waterways.

Algae blooms, Win ters says, have the risk of growing in areas of Cootes Paradise and Hamilton

Harbour. These over growths of cyanobacteria are also referred to as blue-green algae and can be harmful to people, ani mals and the environment if it becomes too dense or uses up the oxygen in the water.

According to the CDC, Cyanobacterial blooms can expose people to toxins through ingestion, inha lation, skin contact or eye contact. There are several varying symptoms asso ciated with contact and exposure to blue-green algae including abdominal pain, headache, diarrhea, sore throat, pneumonia, as well as neurological symp toms such as numbness, tingling, burning, drowsi ness, salivation and sleep disturbances.

Winters says that one particular concern for the waterway is the algae blooms’ ability to block out sunlight through the water that increases risk for plant life in the area of Cootes Paradise.

The algae can also use up the oxygen in the water when it dies off, leaving oxygen depleted water which can also impact plant and animal life with in the waterway.

Thousands of dollars donated to language school from Tim Hortons

OHSWEKEN -- Tim Hortons distributed their donation of $9500 to the Kawen niio Gaweniyo School on October 18.

Students and staff met with Tim Hortons Operations Manager Kim Porter who said this was the most the restaurants have ever raised since the be ginning of the Smile Cookie campaign on Six Nations. “We are so proud to donate to such deserving organi zations in our commu nity,” says Porter.

Indigenous Veterans from Six Nations celebrated and remembered

NAHNDA GARLOW nahnda@tworowtimes.com TWO ROW TIMES

OHSWEKEN — It was a beautiful day in Ohsweken as the community gath ered in Veterans Park to read out the names of the fallen warriors and hon our those Veterans from the Six Nations commu nity and other Haudeno saunee communities that are still with us.

Each year, Six Nations remembers together with

a parade and memorial service. This was the first full ceremony since the COVID-19 Pandemic be gan and it was full service — starting with a parade, a gun salute and a dra matic four aircraft fly-over Veteran’s Park in remem brance of all indigenous veterans.

Six Nations was host this year to the Minister of Indigenous Affairs for Ontario, and MPP for Kenora-Rainy River Greg Rickford; Vance Badaway,

Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister to the Minister of Indigenous Services and the MP for Niagara Centre; along with MPP for Brantford-Brant Will Bouma. The three elected leaders marched along with Six Nations Elected Chief Mark Hill and spoke at the memorial to mark the days ceremo nies.

The pipe and drum bands from Hamilton and Paris-Port Dover played to honour the veterans.

Six Nations Elected Chief Mark Hill, MPP for Brantford-Brant Will Bouma, MP for Niagara Centre and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Indigneous Services Vance Badeway and Minister of Indig enous Affairs Greg Rickford marched to honour Indigenous Veterans on Sunday. SNGR

Six Nations Elected Chief Mark Hill thanked attendees for joining in the day to acknowledge the contributions of warriors and sol diers from Six Nations and the other Hadenosaunee territories. Veterans and guests were invited to a hot meal and fellowship after the remembrance ceremony. SNGR

Honouring

National Indigenous Veterans Day November

TikTok celebrates Small Business Month in Toronto

Up close and personal with some of TikTok Canada’s most viral small business owners

learn about and support Indigenous people in this country and to make purchases that align with their social values.”

TikTok Canada brought the FYP to life this week with its first-ever cele bration of Small Business Month.

The video-sharing app held a meet-and-greet on Oct. 18 in Toronto where guests could interact with and meet some of their favourite small business owners and content creators who use the app to promote their busi nesses. Including, Erica Rankin from Bro Dough, Tina Nguyen from XXL Scrunchie and CO, Haley Crespo from Haley Made Shop, Connor Curran and Dustin Paisley from Local Laundry, and Mallory Yawnghwe from Indige nous Box.

“Indigenous entrepre

neurs are doing incredible things and are equal col laborators and partners in business,” said Mallory Yawnghwe, creator of Indigenous Box. Yawng

hwe is Cree from Onih cikiskowapowin, Saddle Lake First Nation #125 in Treaty Six Territory. “Indigenous Box gives people the opportunity to

Indigenous Box is the subscription box and corporate gift service that promotes Indige nous entrepreneurship by creating opportunities for emerging, under-rep resented and established Indigenous businesses to reach new customers and enter new market spaces.

“Corporations can discover how they can support the local econo my. You don’t know what you’re getting,” she said, adding that Indigenous Box recently soft-launched a build-your-own box option.

Yawnghwe said it is thanks to her 14-year-old daughter that Indigenous Box found its way to TikTok.

“She helped our team market ourselves and how to talk to our audience. TikTok helps us grow our brand awareness and connect with people who purchase our boxes or re cord unboxings all across the country,” she said.

Toronto-based Erica Rankin said she found success in TikTok’s plant-based, gluten-free food space with her creation Bro Dough. Bro Dough was created out of necessity by ex-body builder Rankin because she couldn’t find a pro tein-heavy, plant-based, gluten-free edible cookie dough at the grocery store she liked.

“I started the business in December 2019. And then I got on TikTok sometime in 2020 and the product went viral in early 2021,” said Rankin. “I used to do body-building

and I would make this for myself because I couldn’t find a better version at the grocery store.”

Rankin said she values TikTok for how it allows creators to further engage with their followers.

“TikTok offers content creators and entrepre neurs the opportunity to connect more directly with followers. So re sponding to comments with videos, lives, stitches, all contributes to more engagement.”

Haley Crespo from Haley Made Shop started her Toronto-based jewelry business in 2021 after be ing diagnosed with lupus earlier that year and spent some time in the hospital.

“During that time I realized how boring the hospital is. You can only watch so much Netflix,

Celebrating the rich and resilient history of Indigenous peoples and working to co-create a better future through Reconciliation.

JACE KOBLUN

The creators of Indigenous Box, Local Laundry, and Bro Dough at

TikTok Canada’s first Small Business Month celebration. KOBLUN

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

right?” said Crespo. “I had my partner bring me some supplies; tools and beads, to start beading in the hospital. I ended up loving it and it became a passion and grew from there.”

Crespo said some thing she likes about the business is that she gets to do the packaging and all things creative. She said what works for her is trying to post at least once a day and staying consis tent.

“I think the coolest thing about TikTok is that their algorithm is so good that my stuff is really pushed out to people who appreciate it. So everyone who sees my content is re ally supportive and eager to help small businesses. It’s not something that I’ve seen on any other plat form. TikTok encourages me to have a lot of fun and allow my personality to shine through,” said Crespo.

Tina Nguyen is another

small business owner who showcased at the event. She created XXL Scrunchie and CO. A business that went viral all thanks to a Christmas gift in 2019.

“I made one for my cousin as a Christmas gift because she has really long hair. She really liked it and convinced me to

start the business. In the next few weeks I launched it in my studio condo in Toronto and was so over whelmed with orders that I moved back home so my mom could help me,” said Nguyen.

I started to make scrunchies from basic and easy-to-find satin fabrics

but I started exploring other Canadian fabric stores and thought I could really make scrunchies out of anything. So I

started venturing out into different fabrics and now we have several different lines and fabrics,” she said, pointing to her line of colourful zodiac-themed scrunchies.

Nguyen said TikTok offers a genuine crowd that offers valuable tips and advice.

“I posted a video of my mom cutting fabric and some of my followers said ‘you should try these scis sors instead,’ and recom mend a Japanese brand of fabric scissors. And we’ve been using them ever since,” she said.

The showcase also fea tured a panel discussion involving the creators of Bro Dough, Local Laundry and Indigenous Box. The panel was moderated and the group answered ques tions from the audience

after sharing some experi ences and lessons learned on the app.

Toronto-based Artist/ Illustrator Malik Holli gan-Lewis and Toron to-based Viviana To also showcased their small businesses at the Tuesday event.

GRAND RIVER POST SECONDARY EDUCATION OFFICE

2022 DEADLINE CALENDAR for / gweh?: weh n=:` Ohsweg,h]:n/h Onkwehón:we ne: Ohswekenhro:non

Feb. 1st Application Deadline for Summer semester Apply on line! Fall Marks/Progress Reports due for all continuing students.

Levels 3 & 4 (Master or Ph.D. students) provide Letter of Good Academic Standing Winter course registration/timetable and detailed tuition fees due.

May 1st Application Deadline for Fall or Fall/Winter semester(s) Apply on line! Winter Marks/Progress Reports due for all continuing students.

Levels 3 & 4 (Master or Ph.D. students) provide Letter of Good Academic Standing Summer course registration/timetable and detailed tuition fees due. 11:59 pm May 1st to 9 am July 1st - The On-line Application on the GRPSEO Website is not available.

Aug 1st Official transcripts are due from students funded for any of the three previous application periods (Summer/Fall/Winter)

For all APPROVED FALL applications Any documentation that was requested by the

Advisor to be submitted to GRPSEO by August 1, (as outlined in the “Check List of Required Documentation” form provided to the

and not received by this deadline date will result in CANCELLATION of the approved application and loss of funding

Oct. 1st Application Deadline for Winter semester Apply on line! Summer Marks/Progress Reports due for all

&

(Master

of Good

provide

and detailed

PATH TO TOMORROW

Tina Nguyen from XXL Scrunchie and CO.

KOBLUN

Some of the jewelry show cased at TikTok’s Small Busi ness Month celebration by Ha ley Made shop. KOBLUN

Must

Must-have hunting gear

Hunting Gear & Essentials for your Tackle

washes that remove human scents from clothing and gear so game are unaware that hunters are present.

• Binoculars: While one may be able to use the scope on a weapon to spot game, binoculars are more efficient.

fish are keepers and which need to be tossed back. Keep a regulation ruler in the tackle box to avoid fines.

• Pocket knife: Keep a sharp knife for cutting lines and bait. Reserve a special filet knife for cleaning fish.

end with the fish on it is placed in the water to keep the fish alive until you›re ready to pack up and go. It›s a good alternative to a cooler or bucket filled with water.

As is the case with many hobbies and pastimes, hunting requires some unique gear. Hunters need to bring some essen tial gear along on each trip to ensure their

• First aid kit and other safety gear: Hunters should stock a first aid kit, emergency phone, water and snacks to

• Selection of lures: Research which fish

• Fishing license: Many conservations or fish and wildlife departments require a

safety, while other gear and gadgets are all about convenience.

• Proper clothing: Hunting clothing comes in two main varieties: camouflage and blaze orange. Camo patterns mimic real-life foliage or use a digital pattern of natural colors to trick the animals› eyes, preventing them from detecting the hunters› outlines. Blaze orange hunting gear, from coats to hats to coveralls, is designed to make hunters visible to other hunters. Some game, like whitetail deer, cannot detect the orange color spectrum, so hunters need not worry that they will be compromising their hunting efforts. Depending on the hunting area and its specific regulations, camo or orange clothing will be required. Hunting clothing also should be comfortable for the weather and the conditions.

Waterproof or water-resistant clothing can protect hunters from the elements as well. In cold climates, layer up and wear insulated materials.

• Weapon and ammo: Hunters should always look for ammunition details for the animals they will be hunting so they choose the correct weapon and ammunition type. Weapons should be maintained and cleaned for safety, and all hunters should consider taking a course in the proper handling of weapons.

• Knife: Knives are a staple for every hunting trip and can be used for multiple purposes. Most hunters prefer a dedicated knife for field dressing the animal, which includes gutting, boning, skinning, and butchering. Some knives fold and others are fixed blades.

• Legal documents: Hunters should always carry their hunting licenses and have game tags on hand to mark their kills appropriately. Depending on where one lives and hunts, licenses may need to be visible on the person.

• Calls and scents: It may be possible to lure game closer with special calls or scents. In addition, hunters may want to utilize scent killers, which are sprays and

stay hydrated and fed, and a foldable paper map in the event cell phone signals fade or prove unreliable.

Hunting requires patience, dedication and essential gear. With the right sup plies, a hunting venture is that much more enjoyable.

Essentials for your tackle box

Prospective anglers who are eager to get into freshwater fishing should know that the right gear is essential. For fishing en thusiasts, that gear starts with a rod and reel. Afterward, it is important to fill a tackle box with other essentials.

• Extra fishing line: Lines get snagged, torn or snapped when reeling in a great catch, so extra fishing line is essential.

• Extra hooks: The traditional J-hook can snag many types of fish, but some anglers like a French hook. No matter which hooks you prefer, make sure you have a variety of sizes on hand so you can switch if need be.

• A set of fishing pliers: Purchase pliers specifically made for fishing. Most come in aluminum so they will not corrode due to the elements. Also, if you›re using braided fishing line, be sure the pliers have a cutter made for cutting braid.

• Bobbers in various sizes: Bobbers, also called floaters, help anglers know when a fish is biting. Round clip-on bobbers are popular and widely available. Slip bobbers will slide up and down the line, enabling anglers to get the hook into deeper water.

• Sinkers: The yin to the bobber›s yang, sinkers are weights that help weigh down a worm or artificial lure to reach the right level to attract fish.

• Fishing regulations/ruler: A variety of rules govern when and where you can fish. Also, you›ll need to know which size

you›re angling for and then purchase a variety of appropriate lures. Some lures will attract a wide array of fish.

• Stringer: A stringer is a device that is used to hold several caught fish through their gills. It anchors to land and the other

license for fishing for anglers of a certain age. Be sure to have it on hand or you may be susceptible to fines or other penalties. A tackle box with the right gear can help novice fishing enthusiasts get off on the right foot!

Matt Purdy Owner

What the declining caribou populations — and total hunting ban — mean for Inuit communities in Labrador

Inuit in the Nunatsiavut and NunatuKavut regions of Labrador have shared a deep and enduring connection with caribou for many generations. But more recently _ in the wake of dramatic caribou population declines _ the communities who depend on them are being faced with a variety of cultur al, emotional and health challenges.

Between the 1950s and `90s, the population of the George River Caribou Herd grew from about 15,000 to around 800,000. However, between the 1990s and 2010s, this same herd declined by more than 99 per cent.

Like many communities across the circumpolar North, Inuit have lived through previous caribou population cycles, but the exact causes for the recent declines in Labrador are not fully understood.

In response to these sharp declines, the Gov ernment of Newfoundland and Labrador enacted a total hunting ban on caribou in 2013, which remains in place today.

Indigenous communities in Labrador have not been legally allowed to hunt caribou for almost a decade.

In order to preserve the relationships between Inuit and caribou, a multiyear documentary film and research initiative be gan to gather the knowl edge of people throughout Labrador. It's called HERD: Inuit Voices on Caribou (or the HERD project).

This Inuit-led project brings together rep resentatives from the Nunatsiavut Government, the NunatuKavut Commu nity Council, the Torn gat Wildlife Plants and Fisheries Secretariat, Inuit community members and university-based research ers across Canada.

The HERD project Between 2016 and 2022, we filmed over

80 Inuit from across 11 distinct communities in Labrador _ hearing from a diversity of genders, iden tities, ages and connec tions to caribou. Through this work we produced several documentary films, one of which is available to view on CBC Gem.

The film is a portrait of the interconnections that exist between Inuit and caribou, a glimpse of the loss felt by commu nities and a testament of cultural endurance in the context of ecological uncertainty.

As co-creation experts, health-researchers and filmmakers who have worked intimately on this initiative, we have been privileged to hear Inuit stories on caribou and want to ensure their ex periences are recognized, and their voices HERD.

Caribou were a vital source of food, and were eaten by many people on a weekly or even daily basis. ``The best meat in the world,'' said Patrick Davis

from Cartwright, Nunatu Kavut, a sentiment shared by many across Labrador.

But caribou are much more than just a food source: ``It's almost like the caribou was the reason, and everything else happened after,'' described Joey Angnatok from Nain, Nunatsiavut. These animals connect people to their commu nities, to the land, and to each other through collec tive experiences, where place-based knowledge and age-old practices are learned and shared.

A hunting ban with un intended consequences

The caribou population declines, in combination with the total hunting ban, are resulting in major challenges for Inuit across Labrador.

Inuit described how the lack of interactions with caribou have been affecting the ways they see themselves on a person al and community level. ``We're just going to lose who we are as a culture and as a people,'' Ocean

Lane from Makkovik, Nun atsiavut, explained.

These disruptions to culture and identity have led to complex emotion al responses, including strong feelings of sadness, distress, anxiety, fear, frustration, pain and an overall lack of morale.

``It just tears me down to think that we don't even know how long we're gon na have to wait to get to harvest another caribou,'' said Woodrow Lethbridge from Cartwright, Nunatu Kavut.

And, crucially, Inuit expressed sadness that cultural knowledge and practices were not being passed down to younger generations. ``We're losing language. We're losing tra ditional ways, and the loss of a food, a cultural food, is just as high of an impor tance as language, as craft and art,'' said Judy Voisey from Happy Valley-Goose Bay.

The future of Inuit-cari bou relations

The stories and expe riences that were shared

through the HERD project emphasize how caribou conservation is not only an ecological process, but is fundamentally con nected to culture, mental health, food security and other dimensions of Inuit well-being. The lack of Inuit-caribou interactions poses a major challenge for preserving cultural knowledge and practices.

To support both the health of the herds and communities who rely on them, future caribou-re lated policies must respect Inuit connections and values. Inuit have already been leading innovative initiatives to maintain cultural skills and knowl edge related to caribou, including the Tuttusiugi annik project that facili tates youth and Elders to going out on the land and learning about caribou together.

Additional support for Inuit and other Indige nous-led strategies for conservation and commu nity well-being must be prioritized.

HUNTING SEASON IS ON AND ICE FISHING IS COMING WE’VE GOT THE TOP BRANDS FOR A SUCCESSFUL OUTTING

Ottawa signs agreement to find better Indigenous policing

CANADIAN PRESS editor@tworowtimes.com

TWO ROW TIMES

PRINCE ALBERT, Sask. _ Federal Public Safety Min ister Marco Mendicino says he had a heavy and difficult visit with families of those killed in a mass stabbing in Saskatchewan before he signed an agreement to explore new ways to im prove safety on some First Nations in the province.

``It is a cornerstone of reconciliation that policing for Indigenous people by Indigenous people is at the very heart of the work that we are doing today,'' Mendicino said Monday at the Prince Albert Grand Council annual assembly.

Eleven people were killed and 18 injured during the stabbing ram page last month on the James Smith Cree Nation and in the nearby village of Weldon, northeast of Saskatoon.

Myles Sanderson, 32, the suspect in the attacks, later

died in police custody.

Mendicino visited the First Nation on Monday morning and said the grief was still palpable. But, he added, there was also strength and perseverance.

``It's going to take hope, but it's also going to take hard work if we're going to break the cycle,'' he said.

James Smith Cree Nation Chief Wally Burns echoed his earlier calls for Ottawa to help his community es tablish its own police force. He said finding solutions would be a step toward healing.

``How are we supposed to cope with all of this?'' he asked. ``How are we sup posed to move together?''

The agreement between the grand council, Saskatch ewan government and Ot tawa creates a collaborative working relationship for community-oriented ways to deliver police services.

Mendicino said the intent is to put in place building blocks to create self-administered police programs on First Nations.

He did not say how long it would take to establish policing in the communi ties.

He hopes it will be five to 10 years in the making. It should be up to commu nities, with the support of governments, to choose the pace moving forward, he said.

``We have to really be prepared to work with communities,'' Mendicino told The Canadian Press.

Large changes happen in small steps, said Chris tine Tell, Saskatchewan's public safety minister. She said the recent tragedy at James Smith highlights how public safety in Indigenous communities requires work from all levels of govern ment.

First Nations leaders said the plans need to be tailored to each community.

Under the new agree ment, a team is to begin talking in early winter with residents of the grand council's 12 First Nations and 28 communities.

Kahnawa:ke paddlers continue performing

STAFF REPORT editor@tworowtimes.com TWO ROW TIMES

Four young Kahnawa:ke athletes from the Onake Paddling Club (OPC) took part in a major competi tion last weekend.

The Provincial Long Distance Championships were hosted in Lac Beau port on October 1 and 2 and the races consisted of 12 km or 15 km with portages every 3 km.

The OPC paddlers included Rotshennoni Two-Axe, Iakorihwiiostha Two-Axe, Kahawakhon Phil-lips, and Lanuhsisa’as McComber.

McComber placed 18th

overall in the K1 U16 15km, Phillips finished in 10th in the K1 U16 12km, Rotshennoni Two-Axe earned a seventh-place finish in the C1 U18 15km, and Iakorihwiiostha TwoAxe did not complete the race due to an injury.

The OPC has enjoyed a great deal of success on the water this year, which also marks the club’s 50th anniversary.

The Facebook page notes updates, and shows that local paddlers per formed at many com peti-tions this summer, including the Canada Games and the Canada Ca noe-Kayak Sprint National Championships.

know the score.

Neilson Powless wins the Japan Cup Cycle Road Race

By TRT Staff with notes from efprocycling.com

JAPAN — The penultimate race of the season and traditional denouement of the road-racing calendar – the Japan Cup – deliv ered a spectacular race on Sunday October 16.

Neilson Powless, Onei da Nation, soloed to victo ry at the Japan Cup, with teammate Andrea Piccolo following up to make it a 1-2 for EF Education-Ea syPost.

Powless sped from a select group of favourites towards the end of the penultimate lap of the hilly Utsunomiya City circuit and rode just over 10km alone to the line.

After the last of 14 as cents of the Kogashiyama climb, Piccolo, having first played the part of disrup tor, then attacked from the fraying group on the runin to double up for EF.

The 14-kilometre circuit around Mount Kogashi in the outskirts of Utsunomiya favours the brave and the team exe cuted their bold strategy

to perfection.

Neilson Powless waited until the penultimate time up Mount Kogashi to launch his attack. Crossing the start, finish line with a small gap, he kept heavy on the pedals, pushing himself to the limits around the corners of the descent to go clear.

Piccolo, who is just in his third month with the team, put on a clinic of

how to disrupt a chase and with Neilson solidly in front and the riders in his group struggling to make up any distance to the charging American, Pic colo launched an attack of his own to secure the top two places on the podium for the team.

Hands held high in triumph, Powless crossed the line ahead of a jubilant Piccolo who took the time

to celebrate his team mate’s victory as well.

Viewing his stats on line, it would seem that a race near 150kms is the sweet spot for Powless. This is his second victory of his career and wraps up another stellar year for the young American climber.

NLL Transactions and another Haudenosaunee contract sign

By TRT Staff with notes from halifaxthunder birds.com

On October 17: the Calgary Roughnecks signed Kaden Doughty to a one-year agreement.

The Colorado Mammoth signed Dylan Kinnear to a two-year agreement. And the Saskatchewan Rush signed Matthew Dinsdale to one-year agreement.

But on October 12, the Halifax Thunderbirds announced that they signed forward Jakob Patterson, Seneca Nation, to a oneyear deal.

"Jakob is a good-sized, athletic left-handed for ward," said Thunderbirds assistant general manager Scott Campbell in a press release for the Thunder birds. "We are very excited to see how he performs in

camp and how he uses his athleticism to open space for others on the offensive end of the floor.”

Patterson was a prolific scorer at the University at Albany. In his five seasons playing attack for the Great Danes, Patterson collected accolades, including Amer ica East All-Rookie Team

NLL

honours in 2017, named to the America East All-Con ference Second Team and All-Tournament Team in 2018, became the America East Offensive Player of the Year in 2019, and earned a spot on the America East First Team All-Conference and All-Championship Team.

The former two-time USA Lacrosse High School All-American out of Chan dler, Arizona, recorded 174 points (109G, 65A), 84 ground balls, and 10 caused turnovers in his collegiate career.

In addition to his successes at the collegiate level, Patterson represent ed the Haudenosaunee Na tionals at The World Games for Men's Sixes. He finished second on the team in goals (10) and points (11) in four games. Patterson was also a member of the California Collegiate Box Lacrosse League Royals, who went on to win the 2021 NCBS National Championship.

The Thunderbirds return to the Scotiabank Centre on December 2nd, as they open their 20222023 campaign against the Philadelphia Wings.

Oneida Nation cycler Neilson Powless took top prize in the Japan Cup Cycle Road Race. ON

Four young canoe riders from Kahnawake are showing up and showing off in another regional competition. SUB

Kaden Doughty.

Nathan Lickers is off to Austria for Skate Canada

By TRT Staff with notes from goldenskate.com

SIX NATIONS — ‘Team

LILNA’ comprised of skat ers Nathan Lickers and Lily Hensen representing Ilderton, London and Six Nations have officially received their first Inter national Assignment from Skate Canada.

On Monday, October 18, the duo won second place for the Ilderton Skating Club at the Skate Ontario Sectional Series Three in Barrie in the senior dance category.

From their place, the duo were selected to represent Canada at the 2022 IceChallenge in Graz, Austria from November 9-12, 2022.

According to Golden Skate, the 2022 IceChal lenge is the eighth in a series of 10 events of the 2022-23 Figure Skating Challenger Series and is scheduled to take place Austria at the Merkur Eisstadion. The event will feature three figure skat ing disciplines including divisions of men, women, and ice dance.

If the require ments specified in the

above-mentioned doc uments are fulfilled, the event will count towards ISU World Standing Points, Minimum Total Technical Score, Challeng er Series in Figure Skating Ranking and Prize Money.

“The Series gives ade quate opportunities for many skaters to compete at the international senior level and earn World Standing Points. The Series also increases the opportunity for Officials to officiate at an interna tional level.

To be considered for the Challenger Series, the competition must have at least three disciplines (Men, Women, Pair Skat ing, Ice Dance) from a minimum of 10 different ISU Members in all disci plines combined,” reads the Golden Skate website.

The Challenger Series is an International Figure Skating Series, introduced during the 2014-15 sea son. Through ISU support, the objective is to ensure the proper and consistent organization and conduct of up to 10 International Competitions linked to gether within the Chal lenger Series.

STAFF REPORT editor@tworowtimes.com TWO ROW TIMES

AKWESASNE — According to a report from Northum bria University, skateboard ing originated from an ac tivity of skating city streets and objects with 4-wheeled boards. However, the early 1980s marked the arrival of the first professional skateboarding athletes who were able to make a living from the sport, thanks to commercial interest of the sponsors and competitive skateboarding.

Now, access to a space specific to wheeled sports is open for the community of Akwesasne.

The Mohawk Council of Akwesasne (MCA) was thrilled to announce the opening of the Akwesasne Skatepark on October 8. Designed by Papillon Skateparks, construction on the 9,600 square-foot park began four months ago, with one of its main fea tures being a turtle-shaped obstacle.

PBLA for US experience

STAFF REPORT editor@tworowtimes.com

ROW TIMES

Starting in December, the Professional Box Lacrosse Association (PBLA) un veiled its inaugural team names this summer.

Fans were able to vote on their favourite of four names in each of the league's seven markets.

The PBLA later released the cities where it plans to play starting this year. They are concentrated in the northeast, with three in New York state, one in New Jersey and one in New England.

The full list of teams posted to the PBLA Twit ter account are: Syracuse, New York, Binghamton, New York, Charlotte, North Carolina, Elmi ra, New York, Hampton Roads, Virginia, Man chester/Springfield, New England and Trenton, New Jersey.

Former Rochester Knighthawks President and CEO Steve Donner was announced as the commissioner of the league, which also an nounced that the PBLA's

New skatepark opens in Akwesasne

President of Business Operations would be Johm Livsey, who was the first commissioner of the National Lacrosse League when it changed its name from Major Indoor La crosse League (MILL).

A key element to the new league's approach appears to be harkening back to the days of the MILL by focussing on American players. Donner zeroed in on that element when he spoke with Cuse Sports Talk, saying in a clip posted by CST that the former NLL team in Syra cuse “made a mistake by having a base of Canadian players.”

The league is setting itself up as a competitor to the NLL by playing a sea son that starts in Decem ber and claiming on its web site that “The PBLA was established to help further grow the sport of lacrosse and create the most exciting brand of professional box lacrosse in North America.”

With a list of stats of growth for the sport, the PBLA is set to begin its inaugural season in just two short months.

Located at the A’nowara’kowa Arena on Kawehno:ke, the park is open to serve the skate boarding, rollerblading, biking, scooter-riding, and

wheelchair users from within and around the community.

“I would like to first ac knowledge the team at the Department of Economic

Development for their com mitment and dedication for bringing this concept to re ality,” said Kawehno:ke Dis trict Chief Edward Round point, speaking at the event

on behalf of Grand Chief Abram Benedict. “Through numerous corporate and private donations, this was all made possible.”

“We would like to ac

knowledge SIBC, the City of Cornwall, and Top of the World Skateshop for their support and assistance.

Vans has also shown a great deal of support to the Akwesasne Skatepark, and they invited pro skaters to come to Akwesasne,” reads the MCA Facebook page.

On Sunday October 9th, female skater Annie Guglia, who is also an Olympian, visited Akwesasne.

“We wish to welcome all of our community members and neighbours to enjoy the Akwesasne Skatepark. Please be safe and have fun!”

The MCA also offered thanks to Canadian Tire Jumpstart Charities, Corn wall Dairy Queen, Rotary Club of Cornwall, Rotary Club of Cornwall Sunrise, Bank of Montreal, Cornwall Roof Truss, Ontario East Powersports, Cornwall Mazda, Seaway Hyundai, Seaway Chevrolet, Meg Estoff and Karla Ransom.

In 2015, Six Nations opened a skate park within Ohsweken.

Six Nations skater Nathan Lickers is headed to compete at Skate Canada's IceChallenge in Austria.

SKATECAN

The Mohawk territory of Akwesasne opened its first skatepark, much to the enjoyment of this little beauty.

MCA

Autopsy panel testifies at inquest into Indigenous men's police custody deaths

they died.

A forensic pathologist told a coroner's inquest on Monday that a man who died from hypertensive heart disease while in Thunder Bay police custo dy might have survived if he had been assessed and sent to a hospital, though it's difficult to know for sure.

Dr. Kona Williams testified in Thunder Bay, Ont., as part of an expert autopsy panel at the joint inquest probing the deaths of Roland McKay and Donald Mamakwa.

The Indigenous men died at different times from medical conditions while in custody at Thun der Bay Police Service headquarters, after they were arrested on suspi cion of public intoxication. Neither was assessed by a doctor or nurse before

Williams said the heart disease McKay, 50, died from in 2017 is difficult to treat, but she testified that a person with elevated blood pressure like he had ``should have been assessed medically and medically cleared.''

He might have survived if his blood pressure could have been lowered, she testified.

``It is possible that he might not have died, but I can't say for sure,'' she said.

She testified that in her opinion, alcohol did not contribute to McKay's death.

Williams also testified about the combination of complications related to diabetes, sepsis and chronic alcoholism that likely contributed to 44-year-old Mamakwa's death in 2014.

She said symptoms of ketoacidosis, assessed as a cause of death for

Mamakwa, can be difficult for untrained people to recognize.

The condition is often related to diabetes, and Williams said the man's chronic illness stood out as a major factor to her. It can also develop if someone is withdrawing from chronic alcohol use, she said.

As an expert, Williams said she would have been concerned that something else was wrong if a person suspected of being intox icated did not appear to improve over time.

``If somebody is not what we call 'sobering up,' there would be the concern, at least on my part as a physician, that something is going on with this person and that needs to be investigated,'' she said.

The inquest has already heard that evidence is expected that both men had chances of survival if they had been taken to a

hospital for treatment.

Last week, the inquest viewed cellblock videos that showed Mamak wa moving about a cell with apparent difficulty, struggling to breathe and reaching out to ask for a drink in the hours before he died.

Inquest counsel has said witnesses are expect ed later on to testify that Mamakwa had a 97 per cent chance of surviving if he had been taken to a hospital.

The inquest heard earli er that Mamakwa was not medically assessed before he was arrested. He had also asked a paramedic to take him to a hospital, but the paramedic, who did not assess Mamakwa, did not take him because he did not appear to be externally unwell.

One of the police officers who arrested Ma makwa told the inquest on Monday that she did not observe the paramedics

the entire time they were interacting with Mamak wa.

Const. Jeny Bailot testified that she could not remember why she wrote on an arrest form that Mamakwa was not taking medication. The inquiry heard a video recording last week where Mamak wa could clearly be heard saying ``yes'' when Bailot asked him if he was taking medication.

In response to ques tions from the Mamakwa family's lawyer, Bailot said she could have asked more followup questions when the man said he was taking ``lots'' of medica tion but did not elaborate on what kind.

The video also heard Mamakwa breathing heav ily when he arrived at the police station. Bailot testi fied that the sound of his breathing was ``amplified'' on the video, and said she thought Mamakwa might have been exaggerating

his shortness of breath.

``It just seemed like he was looking for excuses to go to the hospital,'' she said. She agreed with lawyer Asha James that this was an assumption, which she said she made based on past experience on the job.

``Not a lot of people want to go to cells or be arrested by police.''

Bailot testified that she did not think she held unconscious bias in her interactions with Mamak wa, but said ``it could have been better'' when asked if she thought he was treated with dignity and respect by police that day.

She said she had not received cultural sensi tivity training or training specific to interacting with intoxicated people, and said more training in those areas would be helpful.

Pipes

Six Nations Remembrance Day 2022 Thank You

Pipes

at park & community hall set-up & Take-down –Marshall, Mike, Jarred, Jordan Cayuga, Eugene Smith, Torch Thomas, John Monture Jr., Jeremy, Geoff & Robert Bomberry, Tyler Greene, Bob Sr., Bob Jr. & Mike Frank, Jay & Candy Wright, Mason Bomberry, Riley Hess & Zaenna Thomas, Vicki Martin, Marylou Brant, Glenda Smith, Michelle Bomberry, Lindsay Hill, Sophia & Zoe Styres, Krissy Powless, Becky & Linda Whitlow, Norma-Sue Hill,

Smith.

“Dicer”

thanks and appreciation.

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Obituaries

With broken hearts and profound sadness, the family of Wilma Smith announces her passing, at home, surrounded by her entire family on Wednesday, October 12, 2022. She is survived by her loving husband of 66 years, David Smith, and her loving family; Jeff, Scott (Kathy), Misti, Kelly (Geoff), and David. Her grandchildren; Amy (Patrick), Neil (Keri), Cal (Ronnie), Cheri (Marshall), Alysha (Lance), Katie (Isaiah), Brock (Jessica), Trey (Becca), Crosby, Kayla, Cameron, and Shendon. Great Grandchildren; Brendan, Kennedy, Sydney, Davin, Ryden, Cody, Kade, Mace, Quin, Jeremy, Hadowas, Sofia, Gregory, Maccoy, Grace, Sterling, Rayleigh, Kaya, Gunnar, Archer, Deacon, Lennox, Hendrix, and Athohate Nash. Great-Great Grandchildren; Jagger, Rayden, Ava, and Banks. Special Grandma to Christine and family, Amber, and Caity Cook. Wilma will be forever missed by her surviving brother and sisters-in-law; Diane, Roger “Buck”, Steve (Leigh). Predeceased by sister-in-law Sara, brothers-in-law Morris (Noreen), and Brock. She’ll also be missed by numerous loved nieces, nephews, and cousins. Wilma was also a special friend to Stan & Cathy Jonathan and family, Lori Elliott, as well as her many friends, and all who knew her. She was greeted with loving arms by her parents Leander (Lee) and Shirley, her brothers Les and Ron, and sister Joyce, as well as her special brother Eugene. Wilma was a devoted wife, mother, and grandmother. She adored her family, who was the centre of her world. Her kindness, beautiful smile, sense of humour, and fun-loving nature endeared her to not only her family but also to many friends and acquaintances. She treated everyone she met with kindness, and respect. She was the unofficial bingo queen of Six Nations, an avid bowler, the driving force behind Arrow Snack Bar, and Wagon Wheel Grill, a member of the Six Nations Red Hat society, and a member of the Ohsweken Baptist Church. Dave and Wilma began their family legacy in Buffalo, which remained their second home, and they are lifelong and diehard Buffalo Bills, and Sabres fan. Wilma loved to travel and enjoyed her years in AZ.

Visitation at Styres Funeral Home, Saturday, October 15th, from 2 – 4pm, and 7 – 9 pm. Funeral Service and Burial will take place at Ohsweken Baptist Church on Sunday, October 16th at 2pm. The family sends our thanks to Six Nations Long Term Care, Dr. Monture and the Palliative Care Team, and Dr. Jerry Hsiao. www.rhbanderson.com

Obituaries

SAULT: Donna Marie

Donna Marie Sault, age 49 years. Loving Daughter of Larry & Sonya Sault. Sister of Kevin (Keana), Sandra (Craig) and Jordan (Lexie). Auntie to Hanna, Genevieve and Zephyr, whom she had a special love for.

Friends, family, and the

community are invited to attend visitation at Hyde & Mott Chapel of R.H.B. Anderson Funeral Homes, 60 Main St. S., Hagersville on Monday October 17th from 7 - 9 p.m.

A private memorial service for her family will follow. The family wish to thank you for your love, kindness, prayers and support. www.rhbanderson.com

Powless: Melodie Ann (nee Miller) May 27, 1963 - October 7, 2022

With heavy hearts and great sadness we announce the sudden passing of our beautiful mother, grandmother, sister and aunt, niece, cousin and friend in her 59th year. Melodie will be deeply missed by many including her children, Brandon, Karlene, Billie and Jolie, granddaughter Shea and grandson Liam, sister of Virginia, Samantha, Deborah, Barb, Kenny and Frank. Melodie is predeceased by her parents, Wilma (Laforme) and Robert Miller, her children Darla, Stevie, Lucas and a baby boy, grandson Leland, brother Anthony (Tone), and sister Wanda.

A service for Melodie will be held at 1pm on Friday, October 14th, 2022 at Hyde & Mott Chapel of R.H.B Anderson Funeral homes 60 Main St. S., Hagersville with cremation to follow. www.rhbanderson.com

Help Wanted

Wanted Immediately AZ Truck Driver

Job Details: Casual, seasonal, $25 per hour

Duties: Hauling produce to local grain facilities for Community Farmers

Qualification: Valid AZ License, Clean Abstract and CVOR, Minimum one year AZ Driving Experience

Flexible Schedule: Monday to Friday and weekends

Contact Information: Six Nations Farmers Association P. O. Box 720 Ohsweken, ON NOA 1M0

Phone: 1 519 445 0022 E-Mail: snfa.fna@hotmail .com

Obituaries

Martin: Yvette Lee

Born September 16, 1965 and passed away peacefully on October 15, 2022 at the age of 57 years after a short battle with cancer. Vette was predeceased by her parents Mike (1997) and Donna (2002), brother Blair (2008) and Lesley (2013). She is survived by her brother Blake (Jen), nephews Ethan (Sam), Quintan, Kalen, Asher, Graeson and her best friend Babs, great nephews Simon and Rowan. She will be missed dearly by her fishing buddies Wendy and Phil. Vette will be missed by many Aunts, Uncles, and cousins. Yvette will be remembered best for her passion and dedication for 30+ years in childcare in Six Nations. Children in the community were her life. Yvette will be resting at her home, 1428 Mohawk Rd., for visitation after 7 pm Sunday, October 16 until time of service on Tuesday October 18, 2022 at 10 am. Followed by service and cremation. www.rhbanderson.com

Coming Events

ST. PAUL’S TURKEY DINNER on Sour Springs Rd. After a Covid pause, Friday October 21, 2022 beginning at 4:00pm until sold out!

Adults - $15 Senior/Kids - $12 5 and under - FREE! Take out will be available. Come and gobble it up.

SMITH: Wilma Kay (nee Porter) August 15, 1938 – October 12, 2022

“The Heart & Soul of our Family”

Notice

ARIES – Mar 21/Apr 20

Aries, maintain your alignment with your dreams and tap into your warrior instinct if you come up against a significant obstacle later in the week.

TAURUS – Apr 21/May 21

Taurus, you’re naturally good at juggling many different tasks simultaneously. Don’t be surprised if someone recognizes this and give you a few projects to handle.

GEMINI – May 22/Jun 21

The theme of this week is “opposites” for you, Gemini. If you’re a normally tidy person, you’ll leave a mess behind. If you are prompt, you will arrive late. It could be refreshing.

CANCER – Jun 22/Jul 22

This week there will be a great deal of pressure on you, Cancer. Try to remain as calm as possible while ticking off the boxes on your to-do list. Ask for help if you need it.

LEO – Jul 23/Aug 23

Your leadership skills will be on display this week, Leo. People at work and at home will call on you to make decisions and guide them ithrough various situations.

VIRGO – Aug 24/Sept 22

Virgo, this week you could come up with a new plan to make a big difference in the world. It may start with an assignment at work or be inspired by volunteering.

LIBRA – Sept 23/Oct 23

Libra, try to learn as much about the people around you as possible. They may share strategies that can affect your life in many positive ways. Start asking the right questions.

SCORPIO – Oct 24/Nov 22

You may need to brush up on your charm skills, Scorpio. Sometimes you come at people at full force. You could benefit from employing a more slow and stready approach.

SAGITTARIUS – Nov 23/Dec 21

Sometimes you can be naturally shy and quiet, Sagittarius. This week show others what lies beneath that quiet surface. Use your voice and get others excited about your thoughts.

CAPRICORN – Dec 22/Jan 20

Try not to hide in the shadows this week, Capricorn. This is your time to be in the spotlight and show others what you are made of. A spark will inspire you to act.

AQUARIUS – Jan 21/Feb 18

Getting back into the swing of things after time away can take a little while, Aquarius. You may have forgotten some steps or feel out of practice. Don’t be too hard on yourself.

PISCES – Feb 19/Mar 20

You’re used to dealing with situations as they arise, Pisces. Plan ahead for what you anticipate will come along this week.