Two Row Times, February 8, 2023

City of Guelph talking to Six Nations about bridge over river

NAHNDA GARLOW nahnda@tworowtimes.com

TWO ROW TIMES

GUELPH — The City of Guelph says it has spoken to Six Nations of the Grand River and Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation about a proposed pedestrian bridge over the Speed River — but says the Haudenosaunee Development Institute would only engage in discussions with them after the city made a payment to the HDI.

In a report to Guelph’s city council from August 2022, the details of the engagement with HCCC, SNGR and MCFN were outlined.

SNGR officials met with Guelph in December 2021 to address concerns surrounding archaeology and wildlife habitats in the area. Six Nations also expressed an interest in posting interpretive signage along the footbridge.

MCFN officials met with Guelph about the bridge to discuss having their own monitors present during

the second stage of archeological assessments. This discussions were done in October 2021 and January 2022.

But the city says that talks with the HCCC have been inactive since July 2022.

In the report, the City of Guelph says they agreed to submit a development application in April 2022 and offered to meet with HDI to update about the project.

“A meeting was scheduled for May 11, 2022. No specific concerns or issues with the project

were shared at that time and HDI further refused to engage with the City unless a payment is received. IT is not part of the City’s existing Indigenous relations framework to provide funding at that stage of the engagement process and HDIs protocols are specific to projects occurring within the Haldimand Tract, which is located outside of Guelph,” says the report.

As a followup, city officials provided HDI a link to a website about the project and offered to meet up again and engage over

concerns first on May 27, 2022 and then again on July 4, 2022. The report says no further communications have been received from HDI and no specific concerns about the project have been submitted to the city.

“Given the proposed pedestrian bridge’s location in an urban setting and other site-specific environmental details, the City does not anticipate negative impacts to potential hunting and harvesting rights that may be asserted in relation to the 1701 Nanfan Deed,”

says the report.

Now, a community group in Guelph has filed a request with the province, claiming there has not been enough public consultation or indigenous consultations regarding the project.

If that request is granted, it could make Guelph conduct additional consultations with the public, including Indigenous groups.

The bridge was approved by Guelph city council in 2015 and construction was expected to begin in 2024. It is expected to cost between $10-15 million.

If the request for additional consultations is granted it will be the second attempt by a community group in Guelph seeking more time. In 2020 the same group raised concerns about the Endangered Species Act. That request was granted and one of the requirements was that the city enter into consultations with the public and the MCFN, SNGR and HCCC.

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The City of Guelph is hoping to build a pedestrian bridge over the Speed River, and opponents are asking the province to review its consultation with Indigenous communities. Six Nations and Mississaugas of the Credit have engaged, but HCCC/HDI have insisted that any negotiations will only be held after the city pays a fee, something SNGR and MCFN have not requested. GUELPH

Community healing needed after three years of loss and Covid fallout

DONNA DURIC donna@tworowtimes.com

TWO ROW TIMES

With a new year comes hope for new beginnings and a time to recommit to being, and doing, better.

But 2023 has brought with it tragedies and losses in the short month since the new year started.

Overdoses, suicides, car accidents, losses and shocking crimes that happened too close to home have left a pall over the community.

Add to it that in one month we will be witnessing the third anniversary of the declaration of the Covid pandemic, coupled with skyrocketing inflation and unprecedented poverty, and it’s no wonder people might feel hopeless.

With that, Six Nations of the Grand River Elected Council is organizing a

community day of healing on Feb. 18 and although the details have yet to be finalized, a few community leaders are hoping it will make a difference for better days ahead.

“I think it’s a good idea to do something, hoping that people can come together and support each other,” said Coun. Helen Miller. “I think it’s a good idea to get everybody together. Everybody can support each other. We’re losing so many people. It seems like our community is just grieving constantly. Every week there’s two or three people passing. Hopefully, the day will let people forget about their grief a little bit.”

The community has lost quite a few treasured members recently.

Miller, who has served on elected council for about two decades, said she was shocked by the sudden recent passing of former Elected Chief Bill

Montour.

“That was quite a shock. That was fast. That was a big shock to our community.”

In addition, Six Nations is dealing with overdoses, suicides, drug addiction and crime, coupled with the fallout of the Covid pandemic and people who are still isolating as they come into contact with potential cases of the virus.

“We’ve got to figure out what we can do about it.”

Coun. Miller said nobody in the community has sat down and had a good conversation about how to cope with the effects of the recent tragedies, the pandemic, skyrocketing inflation and poverty rates.

She believes the pandemic influenced people to stay home instead of working, and they got used to it.

In short, she said, the pandemic affected peo-

ple’s mental health.

"I think a lot of it is mental health and it all came out because of Covid. It really changed our lives. It changed everybody’s life. Nobody was going anywhere, just hunkered down at home.”

She said she hopes the day of healing helps people get a break from some of their troubles and worries, at least for a day.

Janie Jamieson, a well-known community activist who was one of the driving forces of one of the biggest land rights fights in modern history on Six Nations, has faced her share of loss, as well.

Both her mother and daughter died by suicide, and Jamieson likens the rates of mental health struggles, suicide, drug addiction and crime to generations of unresolved trauma.

“There’s so much trauma, historical trauma, generations of it.”

And she says it concerns her when she sees community social agencies with parking lots full of the newest vehicles while others suffering from trauma seem to continue to struggle, generation after generation.

“They (social workers) should all be working themselves out of a job,” she said, adding more accountability is needed to ensure targets are being

Fort Erie’s

hit, that suicide rates and overdose rates and crime rates are going down.

“There’s not a whole lot of healing that’s been happening. When you drive through the community some of the nicest vehicles are parked at these organizations.”

Jamieson said there should be a revamp of social services on Six Nations and services should be reviewed every three or five years to see what’s working and what isn’t.

“I have a million and one ideas about wellness and most of it goes back to the mental health of our people,” she said. “What is going on here? It’s poverty, it’s addictions, all these different dynamics that go back to genocide and historical trauma. A lot of the addictions, trauma, murder, suicide…a lot of that can be contributed to unhealed trauma.”

Jamieson believes the direct descendants of residential schools are facing the most generational trauma, while those whose ancestors did not attend residential schools are thriving.

What’s difficult for people to participate in a community-wide day of healing, she said, is families seeing other families who inflicted trauma on each other and the difficulty in forgiving them, she said.

She said the people who harmed her daughter Jewel, who died at the age of 12 in 2010, have not taken accountability.

There are other families dealing with similar situations, making it hard for everyone to come together, as they used to, she said.

“That’s something that a lot of us struggle with. How do you forgive them? Where do you begin? What does forgiveness look like? How do we ever sit together again as one?

In 2006, we did that. I don’t have any solid answers. In the midst of my family’s trauma, we still try to do the best we can and contribute the best we can to our community. People call me for help, I’ll help however I can. There’s so many simple ways for us to help each other.”

There are no easy answers.

“I deal with my daughter’s loss every day. There’s been so much trauma and harm to one another in our community. We can all attend this one day festivity, but at the end of the day, has there been any amends made to one another? Everybody wants a healthier community without a doubt.”

How the community can go about that, she’s still unsure.

set for March

FORT ERIE — The Fort Erie Native Friendship Centre will be hosting its mid-winter powwow on March 4. The yearly event will see exhibition dancing and drumming, crafts, food vendors and other activities including a smoke dance special. Grand Entry is scheduled for noon. Announcements for Host Drum, Head Dancers and MC have not yet been announced. The centre will also be hosting its Youth and Elders conference on March 9-10 as well as a Round Dance and Longhouse Social on the evenings of both days. This is the first return to in-person events for both the pow wow and the youth and elders conference since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. FENFC

powwow

Gaming funds are saving band operations budget

DONNA DURIC donna@tworowtimes.com

TWO ROW TIMES

Gaming funds from the Brantford Casino and Ontario First Nations Limited Partnership are saving band departments from operating in a deficit.

A number of departments were operating in a deficit, including Health Services, Social Services, Community Services (such as fire) and Public Works.

The band’s budget for the whole year was $124 million and it had projected the operations budget to be in a $3.6 million dollar deficit by the third quarter.

However, they had budgeted a surplus of $8 million in OFNLP and Brantford Casino income (gaming funds), resulting in an overall operations

expected surplus of $4.3 million.

By the third quarter, Six Nations operations was just squeaking by with a surplus of $177,109 but with the benefit of gaming funds, the surplus is over $10 million.

Gaming contributions have come to $12.7 million, which the finance department said is trending higher.

“The OFNLP floated us more funds than they originally communicated that they would,” said Court at elected council’s finance meeting on Monday.

Only $2.4 million of that has been spent, resulting in an operations surplus of $10.4 million.

There are four departments operating in a deficit.

Health Services is in a $397,000 deficit; Social

Indigenous homeless report

DONNA DURIC donna@tworowtimes.com

TWO ROW TIMES

Services is in a $218,000 deficit; Public Works is in a $453,000 deficit; and Community Services is in a $2.9 million deficit.

Court said there is no concern that those departments would remain in a deficit position, however, because she said the funds that have been committed for those departments hasn’t come in yet.

The majority of departments are operating in a surplus.

By the end of the year (fourth quarter), the finance department estimated the band would be in a deficit of $3.6 million without gaming revenue. But thanks to an expected surplus of $8 million in gaming revenue, the year is budgeted to end with a $4.3 million operating surplus.

A staggering 83 per cent of rural homeless populations in Canada are made up of people who identify as Indigenous.

That’s according to Dr. Cheryl Forchuk, who is leading a homelessness study to get a clear picture of the number of homeless people in Canada.

Dr. Forchuk and her team recently held a forum at the Sanderson Centre in Brantford as they visit 28 communities across Canada to gather data and information on homelessness in the country.

In urban areas, the number of homeless people who are Indigenous is around 28.6 per cent, which is still disproportionately high considering Indigenous people only make up three per cent of Canada’s total population.

The reason rural Indigenous homeless rates are so high is because Indigenous people are more likely to live in rural areas, close to their reserves.

Homeless data has always relied too heavily on urban counts, which she said skews the data and doesn’t paint a real picture of how many homeless people in Canada are actually Indigenous.

“There’s an underestimate because of reliance on larger urban communities,” said Dr. Forchuk.

“We found much greater percentage in the smaller communities than in the larger communities.”

“We need to have a more inclusive way of including data,” said Dr. Forchuk, who has a background in psychiatric nursing.

Homelessness has gotten worse during the pandemic, she said, and it’s more likely in rural areas because they have less housing stock than urban areas.

She said a lot of rental stock was lost during the pandemic. Many people who were renting out their homes ceased renting and moved back into their homes during the pandemic, she noted.

Dr. Forchuk and her team are in year three of their four-year cross country homelessness study.

With the 15 months they have left, they’re looking to hear from as many communities as possible about the homelessness in their areas.

Specifically, they’re looking for more input from Indigenous communities.

One thing she did note was that Indigenous people are more likely to face homelessness than other demographics because of intergenerational trauma.

In general, she said, most

people who experience homelessness experienced some kind of childhood trauma.

“You have to ask about trauma and abuse, particularly early childhood trauma and abuse. 100 per cent of people experiencing homelessness had some form of early childhood abuse. There very much is a relationship with those life experiences.”

In addition, substance is also very highly-correlated to early childhood abuse.

“Homelessness is truly a national problem. It’s everywhere.”

Dr. Forchuk has been working closely with the several federal government agencies (the Public Health Agency of Canada and Reaching Home) to work on generating more accurate national numbers on homelessness across the country.

The research team, since Jan 2021, have travelled to 28 location across Canada to meet with organizations, community leaders and those with lived experience and now they are circling back to a large number of these communities to conduct separate forums in each community. The forums will outline some preliminary findings, and will allow the opportunity to come to the table and share some of their thoughts, ideas and concerns.

Six Nations Language Summit promises to be informative

Language Commission.

Program.

A significant number of Haudenosaunee languages have less than 100 native speakers left.

And a number of dedicated language speakers and volunteers have been working hard over the decades to retain those languages and increase the number of fluent speakers through the Six Nations

A two-day summit is coming to the community in March to find ways to continue to revitalize Haudenosaunee languages.

The event is being organized by the O’gwe:ho:weh Advisory Group (OAG) in collaboration with Six Nations Language Commission, Six Nations Life Long Learning Task Force, Grand River Employment and Training and the McMaster University, Indigenous

The Six Nations Language Summit will take place on Mar. 24 and Mar. 25 at the Six Nations Community Hall.

The theme is “Our Home, Our Languages, Our Future,” which is significant because a number of Haudenosaunee languages have less than 100 First Language speakers left, organizers noted in a press release.

Organizers said it’s important for the community to come together to discuss strategies, concepts and ideas, “to ensure we are keeping our languages alive for the coming generations.”

Working with com-

munity-based partners such as the Six Nations Language Commission, Grand River Employment and Training and McMaster University, Indigenous Studies Program, they have committed resources (funding and people) to host this event.

Ahead of the summit, the organizing committee is hosting a Social on Mar. 24 at 6:00 pm at the Six Nations Community Hall to renew friendships and relationships, share Haudenosaunee social songs and dances and the community is invited to participate.

The Six Nations Language Summit will feature

Haudenosaunee speakers, break-out workshops, youth presentations and facilitators leading discussions on how to revitalize the languages and way of life.

Community organizations, businesses and individuals who are committed to ensuring our

languages stay alive are invited to attend.

If your organization is interested in getting involved, they can contact Kevin Sandy, Summit Coordinator at 226-9229097 or via email at: kevinsandy365@gmail.com.

5 expert tips to protect yourself from online misinformation

By Jaigris Hodson

The spread of misinformation is a major problem impacting many areas of society from public health, to science and even democracy itself.

But online misinformation is a problem that is very difficult to address. Policing social media is like playing an infinite game of whack-a-mole. Even if we could address one type of misinformation, others quickly spring up in its place. Furthermore, there are valid concerns about how governments and corporations might address this problem and the dangers of censorship.

Talking to experts

We wanted to determine how people could best protect themselves from misinformation online, so in a recent project, funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, we created a podcast where we interviewed a group of experts from North America and the UK about misinformation.

We found their answers could be grouped into 5 broad themes.

1 - Alter your sharing

behaviour and take more time to consider the source of the information, as Philip Mai from Toronto Metropolitan University's Social Media Lab suggests:

``Don't be so trigger happy with that retweet button or that share, but know your source. So if something is emotionally triggering you before you share it stop and see who's sharing?how did they get that information so it's not just who is sharing it but how did they get that information before you share it.''

Lateral reading can also help people identify the quality of information.

Lateral reading involves seeking out additional sources that speak to the trustworthiness of what you're about to share. For example, cognitive psychology professor Stephan Lewandowsky says:

``Look for other sites that can tell you something about your target. So you know Wikipedia may pop up and say that website is a front for the fossil fuel industry or?it's funded by unknown sources or whatever. And the moment you know that, then you have the means to dismiss sources

as being likely untrustworthy.''

2 - Seek out a variety of different news sources and consider paying for access to reputable news sources, if you are in a position to do so, to ensure that accurate news is available when you need it. Timothy Caulfield, Canada Research Chair in Health Law and Policy at the University of Alberta suggests:

``Read news and commentary from across the ideological spectrum and subscribe to newspapers across the ideological spectrum?so we know you're kind of contributing to the marketplace of ideas and you're also doing the best to get outside your echo chamber.''

It can be difficult to identify quality news sources when there are so many inaccurate ones out there, but there are tools to help. Philosophy scholar Cailin O'Connor, co-author of the book The Misinformation Age, told us:

``The website Prop Watch is all about teaching people what different propaganda techniques look like, as used by politicians and members

of the media online, there are things like this that people can use to train themselves.''

Prop Watch is an educational non-profit. It provides a catalogue of searchable propaganda that people can access to learn what propaganda looks like so they can better identify it online.

3 - Educate yourself and be skeptical of information you encounter. Arming yourself with a critical filter may help protect you against misinformation that you would otherwise accept at face value. Yochai Benkler, faculty co-director of the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University, advises:

``You can prevent yourself from falling into a trap by having an appropriately skeptical view of most everything you hear. Whatever the outlet?The stance is one of skepticism without cynicism. You don't have to think everyone is lying to understand that everything is prone to error.''

One way to practice healthy skepticism is to look for power in every story you come across. Journalist and author of

the book Spin Doctors, Nora Loreto, suggests asking questions like: ``Who has power? Who does not have power? Who's challenging power? How is power being employed? And how is power being protected?.''

4 - Reconnect with yourself and your communities so you can have better relationships with information and the world around you. We are constantly inundated with information and stimulation in our current attention economy.

As education and technology scholar Shandell Houlden describes, ``the attention economy really is a disconnection economy and it disconnects us from ourselves.'' She suggests that we should pay greater attention to our senses and to how things are trying to make us feel.

Social media platforms and online spaces can leave us disconnected. Reconnecting with our communities can help us combat misinformation by encouraging dialogue with people we disagree with. Communications scholar and artist Geo Takach recommends: ``Engage

with people, listen even if you disagree with them and try to find common ground based on values.''

5 - Advocate for systemic change by, for example, electing politicians that care about misinformation, helping people feel less disenfranchised and supporting reliable sources of information. Misinformation is a symptom of much larger systemic issues, ranging from social inequalities to inadequate legal infrastructures. As O'Connor says:

``Honestly I would say the most important thing you can do is work to elect politicians who care about it? because again sweeping changes are going to be more important than anything an individual can do.''

By mobilizing to address the systematic structures that support a healthier information environment, individuals can do more to mitigate misinformation. Overall, it will take action at individual, organizational and systemic levels, but there are meaningful steps we can all take to fight back against misinformation if we have the will to do so.

In lieu of flowers

JACE KOBLUN jace@tworowtimes.com

TWO ROW TIMES

Celebrating Valentine’s Day with a loved one often involves a gift exchange, a fancy dinner, or a night out. And flowers.

Different types and colours of flowers mean different things when it comes to expressing love. But do not last long, can be expensive and lose excitement year after year. Maybe gifting a houseplant instead of the go-to flowers will bring some life to this year’s gift exchange.

Here are a few romantic favourite alternatives to flowers that symbolize love, smell great and are known as natural aphrodisiacs.

Jasmine: Jasmine is a vine usually grown outdoors but some varieties make great indoor houseplants. Poet’s jasmine, or true jasmine, has very fragrant white flowers that bloom all summer and rich green leaves with five to nine leaflets. All varieties of jasmine grow well in regular, well-drained soil with moderate levels of soil fertility and moisture. Keep this viney climber pruned, in full to moderate sun and repot it in the springtime.

Miniature roses: OK this one definitely skirts the line of “flower” vs. “houseplant” but they do differ from the regular long-stemmed roses most commonly gifted on Valentine’s Day. On

houseplantlhobbyist.com it says when attempting to grow miniature roses indoors the plant needs as much sunlight as you can provide. Give them at least six hours of bright sunlight per day and remember to turn off any grow lights at night if you are using them as miniature roses need lengthy periods of darkness at the end of the day.

String of hearts: You only need to see a picture of this plant to know why it is on this list. There are no flowers on this plant but the string of hearts is known for its heart-shaped leaves that trail on delicate vines. On gardenersworld. com it says to keep your string of hearts out of direct sunlight as it prefers bright indirect light. Water the plant weekly in spring and summer, allowing the soil to dry out between

waterings. Water less in winter and do not allow the plant to sit in water.

Bellini: A bellini is the smallest variety of a peace lily with arching stems and long-lasting blooms. According to hortology.co, this plant requires a little bit of TLC, just like your relationship, but it will reward you with blooms that will last a lot longer than a dozen roses.

Bleeding heart: Maybe the name of this plant makes it easier to believe it would make a better gift for your enemy than your significant other on Valentine’s Day. Once you see its beautiful arching stems and eye-catching red and white flowers you may change your mind. Bleeding heart is a spring-blooming vine that grows quickly usually reaching two to three feet tall within 60 days. On the spruce.com it says bleeding hearts thrive outdoors but do not take much extra care to keep one growing inside.

Anthurium: Last but not least is the anthurium plant. Bold, exotic and sensual, platthillnursary.com says anthuriums are an especially good houseplant during the romantic season. Its leaves are shaped like hearts and feature red, purple, or pink flowers that shine like lipstick. Staying colourful for two to three months, anthuriums also do not take a lot of effort to maintain. Keep this plant in bright indirect sunlight and wait for the top two inches of soil to have dried out completely before watering.

A bleeding heart makes a great gift for a significant other on Valentine’s Day, despite its name. ALLI REMLER ON UNSPLASH

String of hearts’ leaves are shaped like hearts and is an easy plant to care for. FEEY ON UNSPLASH

our ancestors.

Early Six Nations census data says Black and Mixed families lived on reserve

GARLOW

SIX NATIONS — Looking back at the history of residency on the Six Nations territory is complicated. It’s a common misconception that only Indigenous people, descendants of the Six Iroquois Nations, lived in the settlement villages along the Grand River.

Taking a closer look at the historical records about this is eye opening. Census records for Six Nations, Haldimand and Brant Counties in the 1850s show a number of Black and Mixed families who lived among the Haudenosaunee people.

Readers take note: all of the information was taken from original census documents from Tuscarora Township, Oneida Township and Onondaga Township from 1851, 1861, 1871 and 1901. It is important to remember that census records are not always entirely accurate and could contain assumptions made by enumerators. All historical documentation, when it comes to family ancestry, should be critically interpreted in combination with family stories and other historical records to confirm facts and dispel errors.

Upon settling at the Grand River, Six Nations families were spread across several townships in both Haldimand and Brant counties. Throughout the 1840s the government established an Indian Reservation, moving the Six Nations people to an area south of the Grand River called Tuscarora Township — with a few of Six Nations families still residing in Onondaga Township on the north side of the river between what are now called Onondaga and Middleport.

By the year 1851, the Six Nations people predominantly resided in those areas exclusively. The census records between 18511901 also show a number

of Black and Mixed families lived at Six Nations.

In the 1851 census for example, the following Black and Mixed families were noted as living in Tuscarora Township, which was the main territory of the reserve at that time: Wilson, Whitby, Harris, Lewis, Mike, Carpenter, Thompson, Groat, Silver and Turkey families.

That same year, in Onondaga Township the Miller, Roberts, Thompson, Hamilton, Jones and Woods families are recorded as Black and living among the Six Nations.

Looking at Oneida Township there are Groat, Brown, Carter, Albert and Hunt families listed as Black — however at that time Oneida Township was not considered a part of Six Nations, but a neighbouring jurisdiction.

The records for Seneca Township from the 1851 census have been lost — but a study on the Black families in Haldi-

mand County says that the Morris, Lewis, Johnson and Stewart families called it home.

The following census years show several of the Black families residing in Tuscarora Township remained, held property and intermarried with the Indigenous families on the territory.

For example — an 1875 map of Tuscarora Township shows lands that were farmed by the Groat and Whitby families on First Line near the old S.S. #7 School, also called Medina. At the same corner was the Medina Baptist Church, founded around the 1840s. Several of the Mixed and Black people listed as living on Six Nations in the 1800s were members of the baptist community. Interestingly, there was a Black community along the Grand River, in part settled by slaves who travelled the Underground Railroad fleeing the United States.

and became the North Cayuga Baptist Church.

Canfield’s history says that some of the Black families who settled in Haldimand outside of the village included the Morris, Lewis, Johnson and Stewart families in Seneca Township and the Taylor, Hunt, Shuler and Groat families who lived in Oneida Township. The Groat and Hunt families also owned land and farms on Six Nations.

Some Indigenous families lived in and near Canfield as well, including some members of the Curley family.

By the 1870s the Black families were leaving Canfield and moving on to different villages, some returning to the United States.

Later census years after the 1870s show additional Black and Mixed families moved to Six Nations.

ing their farm on First Line.

The Nash family, who were Tuscarora, intermarried with the Groats. A Black family and nearby neighbours, the Whitby’s, took in some of the Nash children. Their farm was on First Line, right next door to the school.

Abram and Emily Groat lived with Lydia Beeswax and her children, who appear to be Mixed — and Levina Nash who is also recored as a Black woman living at Six Nations with Mixed children. In the census, Abram is noted as Black, as well as his children. However his wife is recorded as Indigenous. However, in the obituary for one of Abram’s sons, Samson — both Abram and Emily are said to be members of the Six Nations.

In 1851, the village of Canfield - North Cayuga had 137 Black residents. In 1844, one of the larger Black families in Canfield, the Street family, began holding church services in their home. By 1853 a small log church was constructed on their property

In 1871, the census records a Black man named Royal Winn lived in Tuscarora Township. He was a shoemaker and lived between William Maracle and Seth Newhouse. The family of John Buck included a Black teenage boy named Prince Walker who lived with them at that time as well.

The Groat family was connected to several Black, Tuscarora and Delaware Mixed families surround-

Lydia Beeswax is also known as Lydia Groat and Lydia Longfish. Later documentation says that she is Indian.

By 1901, Black settlers at Six Nations included the Douglas, Walker, Johnston and Shuler families — and by this time, the families of Six Nations had a number of Mixed Indigenous and Black people who were not identified as Mixed in the census documentation, but were incorporated into the band list as Indians.

Lydia Beeswax (front row, seated, right), also noted as Lydia Longfish or Lydia Groat, is recorded in historical records as both Black and Indigenous. Her parents are Abram Groat and Sarah Williams, also noted as both Black and Indigenous. The Williams and Groats were some of the Black families settled at the village of Canfield along the Grand River territory. The first generation of Groat families at Grand River can trace it’s maternal ancestry to Emily Groat (Smith) and her mother Molly Turner, recorded as coming from South Carolina around the 1760s. The first recorded generation of the paternal ancestry for the Groat family is William Groat who was born in Ontario in the 1780s. His parents are listed as Henry and Ellen Groat. There is no other family data available, however there is record of the Groat family on the Six Nations band list as Tuscaroras in the 1830s. Lydia is shown here with Mabel Sherry (back row, left), Abigail Beeswax (back row, right) , and Sarah Ann Sherry (front row, seated, left). FILE

William A. Barnes was a black man and barber who fled from the United States, escaping slavery, and settled on Grand River territory. In the mid-1800s he owned a barbershop in the village of Canfield, where there was a settlement of black families who fled to Canada via the Underground Railroad.

Director of Woodland Cultural Centre appointed as CEO of Canadian Museums Association

SIX NATIONS — The Canadian Museums Association and Woodland Cultural Centre jointly announced the appointment of Janis Kahentóktha Monture as Executive Director & CEO of the Canadian Museums Association.

Monture is currently the Executive Director of the Woodland Cultural Centre at Six Nations of the Grand River.

“Janis Monture has been instrumental in leading positive change and crystallizing the vision forward for revitalization and preservation of Onkwehon:we and Anishinaabek culture, language and spirituality. Janis passionately advocates for the voices of Indigenous communities and cultures within the museum sector, with a focus on strengthening connections beyond the walls within Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities alike. On behalf of the Board of Directors, and staff of Woodland Cultural Centre, nyawen’kó:wa (thank you so much) Janis for your dedication and leadership, and congratulations on your new role as Executive Director of the Canadian Museums Association,” said Allison Lynn, Director, Woodland

Cultural Centre. Monture is the first indigenous person to hold the role of ED with the CMA in it’s 76 year history.

In a statement the two organizations said, “In addition to supporting ongoing efforts at the CMA

to implement the recommendations of the recent Moved to Action report that answered TRC Call to Action #67, Ms. Monture will undertake the examination and expansion the CMA’s capacity to support a healthy museum sector,

engaging those interested in and affected by CMA’s activities and developing its international relationships.”

Her appointment was the result of an extensive search process that included the evaluation

of eight search firms and over 20 candidates. A hiring committee of 12 museum professionals reached a unanimous decision with the support of BIPOC Executive Search. The committee included CMA Board members as well as representatives from CMA staff, the Provincial and Territorial Museums Associations, CMA Fellows and the Emerging Museum Professionals Canada.

Heather George, also a Haudenosaunee woman and President of the CMA said, “As the president of the CMA I am thrilled to welcome Janis Monture into the role of Executive Director. Janis brings an invaluable set of skills as an experienced administrator, leader and community builder. Additionally, as someone with experience across the creative sector Janis is the perfect person to broaden the CMAs relationships with both governmental and business partners. We look forward to working with her as CMA looks to the future of our organization and sector.”

Monture is a member of the Mohawk Nation, Turtle Clan from Six Nations of the Grand River and comes to the CMA as a highly skilled and experienced leader. She has served 16 years at WCC over two separate terms where she led an important transition for

Woodland, as the centre approached its 50th anniversary and the redevelopment and restoration of the Mohawk Institute, a former Residential School, into an interpretive centre.

She has additionally served on the steering committee for the Great Lakes Research Alliance for the Study of Aboriginal Arts and Cultures, and twice as a guest artistic director at Harbourfront Centre, a leading contemporary arts organization in Toronto. She has also served as the Director of Tourism and Cultural Initiatives for the Six Nations of the Grand River Development Corporation.

“I am excited to work with Ms. Monture as she takes on the leadership of the CMA. Museums come in all shapes and sizes, and exist in different cultures and communities across this Land; Janis Monture has first-hand experience leading change, within the constraints we all face in small and mid-sized institutions. Bringing her expertise and lived experiences to bear, I believe Janis is poised to help evolve the organization, and the industry itself, country-wide,” said Tracy Calogheros, CEO, The Exploration Place Museum + Science Centre and Vice-President, Canadian Museums Association.

Film featuring Six Nations actress now available to all on Apple TV

TWO ROW TIMES

Her bubbly personality and precocious reading abilities landed her a starring role in a feature film and now, anyone can watch the talented Six Nations youngster on TV.

Keris Hope Hill, now seven and in second grade at Oliver M. Smith Kawennio School, stars as Rosie, a young orphaned First Nations girl who, after

her mothers death, is sent to live with her mother’s adopted sister in Montreal. The film takes place in the 1980s and features another Indigenous actor, Akwesasne Mohawk man Brandon Oakes.

The film premiered last fall at the Toronto International Film Festival and is now available to rent or buy on AppleTV. The film has a 93 percent rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

Janis Monture will lead the Canadian Museums Association and is the first Indigenous person to fill the role. CMA

Six Nations actress Keris Hope Hill stars in the film 'Rosie', now available on AppleTV. ROSIE

DONNA DURIC donna@tworowtimes.com

'Dances With Wolves' actor charged in Canada in 2018 rape

LAS VEGAS (AP) — Canadian police confirmed Tuesday they are pursuing a criminal case against a former ``Dances With Wolves'' actor who was arrested last week and charged in Nevada with sexually abusing and trafficking Indigenous women and girls.

Nathan Chasing Horse, who also goes by Nathan Lee Chasing His Horse, was taken into custody Jan. 31 near the North Las Vegas home he shares with his five wives. He has been charged with eight felonies in Nevada, including sexual assault, sex trafficking and child abuse.

Authorities have said the crimes date to the early 2000s and span multiple states, including South Dakota, Montana and Nevada, where Chasing Horse has lived for a decade.

Prior to his arrest, the 46-year-old had been the focus of a monthslong probe by Las Vegas police prompted by a tip last October from Canadian law enforcement, who had identified Chasing Horse as a suspect in a 2018 rape in the British Colum-

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

bia village of Keremeos, near the Washington state border.

Sgt. Kris Clark of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police confirmed Tuesday in an email to The Associated Press that Chasing Horse has been charged with one count of sexual

For Grand River Post Secondary Education Office

POSITION TITLE: Receptionist/Clerk LOCATION: Ohsweken

DETAILS OF EMPLOYMENT: Full time employment

JOB SUMMARY:

The Grand River Post Secondary Education Office (GRPSEO) is a very busy office environment that necessitates multi-tasking by all staff and for duties to be carried out in a professional manner consistent with a team approach.

The Receptionist/Clerk with the GRPSEO reports to and is directly responsible to the Director of Post Secondary Student Services

QUALIFICATIONS:

 Must have a diploma in Office Administration and 1 year of experience in an office environment.

 Must have strong communications skills both verbal and written in an office environment.

 Must be knowledgeable of computer software (for example, MS Office) and internet.

 Must be able to function in an automated office environment.

 Must be able to maintain a system where files can be accurately and efficiently retrieved by all staff.

 Must be able to organize and prioritize responsibilities to complete tasks in a timely manner.

 Work collegially with co-workers and clients while maintaining confidentiality, organizational integrity, and responsiveness to client needs.

 Submission of satisfactory Police Check.

 Must be bondable.

OTHER REQUIREMENTS:

Ability to organize tasks and manage time effectively with high level of attention to detail

 Ability to process high volumes of documentation with accuracy and in a timely manner.

 Be dependable, flexible, and take initiative when necessary. (i.e.: work flex hours as required).

DUTIES:



Answering telephone and directing calls to proper department

 Logging all mail and distributing

 Maintain and update mail/phone/fax logs

 Provide information on how to apply for educational assistance

 Maintain Scholarship information

 Update social media platforms

 Other assignments as time permits

SALARY: To be determined dependent upon qualifications.

CLOSING DATE: February 24, 2023 by 4 pm

Applicants must submit their resume with (3) recent reference letters by: e-mail to Justine Henhawk-Bomberry, Director of Post Secondary Student Services at: justineb@grpseo.org or drop box located at the front entrance of the office located at 2160 Fourth Line Road, Ohsweken or by mail to the:

Attention: Director of Post Secondary Student Services

has been retained by Chasing Horse to replace his public defender, did not immediately respond Tuesday to email and phone requests for comment regarding the new case in Canada.

Chasing Horse's previous public defender, Michael Wilfong, has not commented on any of the allegations.

As the number of criminal cases against Chasing Horse grows, his estranged daughter spoke Tuesday in support of the victims.

especially publicly.''

Chasing Horse played the role of Sioux tribe member Smiles a Lot in Kevin Costner's 1990 Oscar-winning film.

Since then, he has built a reputation among tribes across the United States and in Canada as as a self-proclaimed ``medicine man.''

assault in connection with the 2018 crime. He said an arrest warrant for Chasing Horse in Canada was issued two days after his arrest in Nevada, but declined to release further details.

California attorney Alexandra Kazarian, who

In a statement, Quannah Chasinghorse, a model who has appeared on the covers of Vogue Mexico and Vogue Japan, distanced herself from her father, saying she's had minimal contact with him and was raised by her mother and stepfather, who died in 2017.

``I stand with the victims of Nathan Lee Chasing His Horse,'' she said. ``I honor the immense courage it takes for survivors to tell their stories,

Las Vegas police said Chasing Horse abused that position, describing him in their search warrant as the leader of a cult known as The Circle who took underage wives over two decades.

He also was banished from the Fort Peck Reservation in Poplar, Montana, in 2015 following similar allegations.

Chasing Horse remains held without bail at a jail in downtown Las Vegas. He is scheduled to appear in court Wednesday, when a judge is expected to address his custody status after hearing testimony from investigators, victims and Chasing Horse's relatives.

•

•

Nathan Chasing Horse, father of supermodel Quannah Chasinghorse, has been charged with sexually abusing and trafficking indigenous women. AP

Casting call opens with Netflix opportunity for Indigenous basketball players

previous acting experience.

The roles Navajo high schoolers includes:

A casting call was posted by Midthunder Casting LLC helmed by Angelique Midthunder, an Emmy nominated member of the Casting Society of America and the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences back on January 26 for an exciting opportunity.

The call will be searching for talent to partake in a Netflix feature film called Rez Ball from producers Lebron James, The Springhill Company, and Wise Entertainment, with writer director Sydney Freeland and co-author by Sterlin Harjo who worked on Reservation Dogs. The call writes: “seeking real basketball players to play Native American high school basketball players in speaking roles,” without the standard of having

•JIMMY: LEAD ROLE, Native American, tall, leading man

•NATAANII: LEAD ROLE, Native American, very tall, leader of the pack, team champion

•BRYSON: Native American, short, funny guy, class clown

•LEVI: Native American, clean-cut, religious, a good boy

•WARLANCE: Native American, cis gay, two braids, crisp clothes, smart

•TYSON: Native American, big, husky, masculine, rodeo cowboy, wears a cowboy hat

•LELAND: Native American, freshman, skinny, cross-country runner

•MILES: Native American, pretty boy, social media famous, the girls love him

•KOBE: Native American, blue collar working class, parents are cops

•RUCKUS: Native American, always needs a haircut, wears second-hand clothes

•BEANS: Native American, sophomore, looks young, bookish, wears glasses and polos

Those interested are encouraged to email the following information to: rezballcasting@gmail. com: name, height. Phone number, email address, location, basketball experience, availability between March to June of 2023, recent photos, a basketball resume, and in the subject

line of the email put: first and last name - The Name of the Basketball Player you fit best from the list.

To note: Angelique Midthunder began her career in casting in the mid-1990s after working inter-nationally as an actress and discovering more of an intrigue for

the casting process than for being in front of the camera. In addition to casting every character type, Angelique has developed a special niche for casting Indigenous roles and prides herself on preserving authenticity and integrity in cultural casting while recognizing the value of creative freedom.

In 2010 she was nominated alongside Richard Hicks and David Ruben for an Emmy for “Outstanding Casting for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special” for Georgia O’Keeffe - and in 2017, she was nominated alongside Jeanne McCarthy for an Aritos Award for location casting for "Captain Fantastic." She is a current member of the Casting Society of America (CSA) and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences.

A new film about Indigenous basketball players, produced by Lebron James, is looking for talent to audition. NETFLIX

Manitoba makes progress toward monument honouring historic First Nations leader

down to two bidders, who will be asked to submit designs.

WINNIPEG — The Manitoba legislature is one step closer to having its first monument honouring the contributions of First Nations people on the grounds of the historic building.

A committee set up to plan a statue of Chief Peguis announced Tuesday that it has narrowed its selection

``The Chief Peguis monument will be a historic and symbolic addition to our legislative building grounds,'' Government Services Minister James Teitsma said.

``It's our hope that it promotes reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Manitobans.''

The scenic grounds already feature statues hon-

ouring a variety of people, including a Scottish settler, a Ukrainian poet and Metis leader Louis Riel.

In 1817, Chief Peguis and four other chiefs signed the first treaty in what is now Manitoba. Peguis helped early Scottish settlers survive the harsh climate and the treaty was aimed at ensuring peaceful coexistence.

In 2017, a volunteer committee made plans for a monument to honour Peguis on the legislature

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grounds. With a $500,000 commitment from the provincial government, the group later sought out potential bidders to build the statue.

The committee said Tuesday that the two bidders left in the selection process are Indigenous. One is located in Manitoba.

They are now being asked to submit design proposals with the aim to have the monument in place just west of the main entrance to the grounds by the fall of

next year.

Chief Glen Hudson of the Peguis First Nation, a community north of Winnipeg named after Peguis, said the planned monument is fitting.

``Without Chief Peguis' involvement in history, history could have been very different,'' Hudson said.

``I don't think the ? Scottish settlement would have survived without Peguis. And if you look at Manitoba, Winnipeg and the entire region, there's a lot of Scottish people throughout this area.''

While the final design of the monument has not been worked out, the general idea is to have a

statue of Peguis representing himself and the four other chiefs who signed the treaty. There are no known drawings or photos of Peguis during his lifetime.

``There's no physical image available of Chief Peguis,'' committee co-chair Bill Shead said.

``What we will see is a First Nations person in the accoutrements of an Anishinaabe chief ? and on the plinth will probably be more information about the treaty itself, the spirit of the treaty, the five chiefs and the fact that this is representing all First Nations.''

Chief Peguis has been honoured in other areas of Winnipeg.

Reservations Recommended

Chief Peguis will be memorialized with a statue and monument outside the Manitoba legislature. WP

Ottawa spending $2M for international commission to offer advice on unmarked graves

Ottawa is spending $2 million for an international organization to provide Indigenous communities with options for identifying possible human remains buried near former residential school sites.

The office of Crown-Indigenous Relations Minister Marc Miller said in a statement Tuesday it is signing a technical agreement with the International Commission on Missing Persons.

Based at The Hague, the organization works in different countries to help identify the remains of those who have disappeared or been killed in conflicts and disasters, including after the 2013 rail disaster in Lac-Megantic, Que.

``Indigenous communities across Canada are leading the difficult and important work of uncovering the truth at the sites of former residential schools, and our government will continue to support them in that process, whether they choose to use the services of the (organization) or not,'' the minister said.

Miller's office said the organization will undertake a ``cross-country outreach campaign'' with Indigenous communities interested in options to help identify or repatriate the possible remains of children who were forced to attend residential schools.

The group is to provide expert information on DNA analysis and ``other forensic approaches for consideration'' and then prepare a final report for the federal government. Its work will be independent of the government and ``local Indigenous facilitators will lead every step of the process'' to ensure discussions happen in a sensitive way, Miller's office said.

Members of the Minegoziibe Anishinabe First Nation in Manitoba are at a ``standstill'' on how to proceed after the discovery of anomalies that could be unmarked graves or remains of their relatives, said Chief Derek Nepinak.

``We are at a point now where we have community members who are asking us to actually begin exhuming remains and we

need help and we need assistance, and best practices might help us move in the right direction.''

The community found 14 anomalies under a church on the site of the former Pine Creek Residential School last year after survivors spoke of ``horror stories'' in the basement.

The Pine Creek school ran from 1890 to 1969 in a few different buildings on a large plot of land. More anomalies were found through ground-penetrating radar around the former residential school site.

Nepinak said the First Nation asked the RCMP to treat the area as a crime scene, but there hasn't been much development on that front. The community also spoke with Kimberly Murray, who is serving as an independent special interlocutor on the issue, and she provided some advice.

Nepinak said the network of experts and communities analyzing possible unmarked graves in Canada is still in its infancy. There should be a collective best practice or policy approach for

National reconciliation day to become September statutory holiday

The Canadian Press VICTORIA — The British Columbia government introduced legislation Tuesday to make Sept. 30 a statutory holiday to mark the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation, a recognition that Labour Minister Harry Bains said will provide opportunities to hold annual commemoration events similar to Remembrance Day.

Bains introduced a bill in the legislature, saying the holiday will be observed this year and every Sept. 30 afterwards.

The B.C. holiday follows the federal government's decision in 2021 to declare Sept. 30 a national truth and reconciliation holiday for its workers.

``I'm proud and humbled to be part of what I consider a historic step as a British Columbian,'' said

Bains at a news conference following the introduction of the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation Act.

``This day provides an annual opportunity for people to learn about our colonial history and how it has impacted Indigenous communities, and to participate in commemorative events in a way similar to Remembrance Day,'' he said.

Those ceremonies are held across Canada every Nov. 11 to honour the sacrifices of the casualties of war and military members who serve the country.

``Reconciliation is about each and every one of us,'' Bains said. ``All British Columbians and Canadians have a role to play. This new statutory holiday in B.C. will allow more people to get involved in advancing reconciliation.''

communities doing this difficult and traumatic work, he added.

He said his community would welcome help from the international organization.

``We want to know how this is done,'' Nepinak said. ``We want to know the experts. We want to know who we can call upon, who we can trust.''

British Columbia Indigenous Relations and Reconciliation Minister Murray Rankin said he welcomed the move.

``There's an effort to get to the truth,'' he said at a news conference at the B.C. legislature.

``To get to the truth may require that kind of investigative work and I'm really pleased the federal government has taken that important step.''

The Canadian Press first reported last November that government officials had been looking at contracting the international organization to assist on the matter, citing a heavily redacted briefing note obtained under federal Access to Informa-

tion Act.

The internal document says First Nations were seeking a national strategy when it comes to addressing unmarked graves and officials felt the organization was a trusted voice.

At the time, Murray, the special interlocutor, said she expressed concerns because it was unclear whether the request for the organization's help was coming from Indigenous communities. The former executive director of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which investigated the residential school system, was appointed to her role in June 2022 and is meant to advise the government on how to protect possible gravesites.

First Nations across Western Canada and Ontario have been using ground-penetrating radar technology to search land near former residential schools for the existence of possible graves.

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission estimated around 6,000

Indigenous children died while being forced to attend the church-run, federally funded institutions.

Leah Redcrow, executive director of the Acimowin Opaspiw Society, said it could be constructive to get advice from the international organization to ensure Canada, First Nations and even churches continue to work constructively together to find the truth.

The society was formed by the Saddle Lake Cree Nation in Alberta to investigate the Blue Quills residential school. The group's preliminary report released last month estimates up to 400 children died while attending the school between 1898 and when it closed in 1990.

``I think that's a really good idea to have a neutral international third party looking at it,'' Redcrow said.

He said all workers in B.C. will be covered by the province's Employment Standards Act and will be entitled to a paid day off every Sept. 30.

Prior to the introduction of the act, business, labour, Indigenous and social groups were consulted about a new statutory holiday, Bains said.

Bains told the legislature the government's decision on the holiday is in response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's call to action No. 80, which requested the federal government establish a holiday to honour residential school survivors, their families and communities.

B.C. will join Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon and Canada as jurisdictions that have already designated Sept. 30 as a statutory holiday.

know the score.

Bears and Snipers take losses, but prepare to face off

SIX NATIONS — Eastern Arena Lacrosse League games continued this past weekend, starting with a match between the Brampton Express and the Peterborough Timbermen on Saturday, February 4. The Express took a victory over the Timbermen 20-11 at the Millbrook Arena.

On Sunday, the Ohswek-

By TRT Staff with notes from NLL.com

As Week 11 remains underway with the National Lacrosse League, transactions from Week 10 are visible with standings making showing solid effort in both the Eastern and Western Conferences. The Buffalo Bandits sit on top of the Eastern, followed by the Rochester Nighthawks, Toronto Rock, Halifax Thunderbirds, Philadelphia Wings, Albany FireWolves, New York Riptide, and Georgia Swarm. Out West, the San Diego Seals sit on top, followed by the Saskatchewan Rush, Colorado Mammoth, Calgary Roughnecks, Panther City Lacrosse, and Vancouver Warriors. As for internal movement:

The first period saw the first two goals go to the Steelhawks, then a goal was cinched from James Whiteford, giving a lead to the Steelhawks 3-1 by the end of the period.

Coming into the second, three consecutive answers were made by Kyle Pedwell with a double by Wayne Hill. Two responses came from the visitor, while

Danton Miller and James Whiteford buried singles, to close the period at a 6-6 tie. In the third, Danton Miller snd James Whiteford-steal two singles, followed by buries from Wayne Hill, James Whiteford again and Christ Att-wood. After two goals from the Steelhawks, Kyle Pedwell closed the period 12-8 for the Bears.

In the fourth, Jake Bomberry opened scoring with a single, followed by another by James White-ford making his fifth goal of the

game. This closed scoring for the Bears, and gave the chance to the Steelhawks to catch up and take the lead, 14-16 by the end.

James Whiteford was awarded a second place star for five goals, three assists, tallying eight points total for the Bears.

Later in the day, the Six Nations Snipers took on the Oshawa Outlaws within the Iroquois La-crosse Area. The game held an uneven score throughout.

The first period saw

the Outlaws continue in the lead in the first period, ending with a 3-4 lead with goals from Brent Kongboat (2), and Ben Whitish for the Snipers. In the second, the Snipers didn’t respond to the Outlaws, who retained a strong lead 3-11.

In the third period, Cheyton King broke the silence with a single, follow by Justin Porga. Not breaking the deficit much, the period ended 6-16 for the Outlaws. In the final period, Cheyton King came through with

National Lacrosse League transactions for week 11

On January 28: The Colorado Mammoth placed Dillon Ward on the Injured Reserve List from the Active Roster and placed Practice Player Nate Faccin on the Active Roster from the Practice Player List. The New York Riptide placed Practice Player Curtis Conley on the Practice Player List from the Active Roster and placed Dan MacRae on the Active Roster from the Injured Reserve List. The Saskatchewan Rush have placed Practice Player Jeremy Searle on the Practice Player List from the Active Roster and placed Ryan Dilks on the Active Roster from the Injured Reserve List.

On January 31: The Albany FireWolves placed Practice Player Thomas Vaesen on the Active Roster

from the Practice Player List, released Justin Scott from the Active Roster and signed Justin Scott to the Practice Player List. The Vancouver Warriors traded Mitch Jones to the Philadelphia Wings in exchange for Steph Charbonneau, their first round selection in the 2023 Entry Draft and a second round selection in the 2024 Entry Draft and released Justin Salt from the Injured Reserve List.

On February 1: The Las Vegas Desert Dogs placed Emerson Clark on the Active Roster from the Practice Player List and have removed the Practice Player Tag, placed Joe Robertson on the Active Roster from the Short Term Hold Out List, placed Travis Cornwall on the Injured Reserve List from

the Active Roster and placed Jackson Suboch on the Injured Reserve List from the Active Roster. The Vancouver Warriors signed Aaron Bold to a one year contract, released Ethan Woods from the Active Roster, placed Logan Schuss on the Injured Reserve List-Season Ending from the Active Roster and placed Connor Goodwin on the Active Roster from the Injured Reserve List.

On February 3: The Albany FireWolves placed Charlie Kitchen on the Injured Reserve List from the Active Roster and placed Aaron Forster on the Active Roster from the Physically Unable to Perform List. The Colorado Mammoth placed Dillon Ward on the Active Roster from the Injured Reserve

List, and placed Practice Player Nate Faccin on the Practice Player List from the Active Roster. The Las Vegas Desert Dogs placed Emerson Clark on the Suspension List from the Active Roster, and placed Practice Player Peytin Wallace on the Active Roster from the Practice Player List. The Toronto Rock placed Josh Jubenville on the Active Roster from the Suspended List, placed Practice Player Marley Angus on the Active Roster from the Practice Player List, placed Brandon Slade on the Injured Reserve List from the Active Roster and placed Zach Manns on the Injured Reserve List from the Active Roster.

On February 4: The Calgary Roughnecks placed Shane Simpson on

two more goals, followed by two more from Mitch Vanevery, a single by Nolan Fehr and another by Mason Hill. With responses from the Outlaws mixed in between, the game ended with a loss for the Snipers 12-19.

The next scheduled game for the Six Nations Snipers and Ohsweken Bears will see them face off on home soil on February 10, at the Iroquois Lacrosse Arena from 8:00 p.m..

the Injured Reserve List from the Active Roster and placed Ethan Ticehurst on the Active Roster from the Injured Reserve List. The Colorado Mammoth have placed Joey Cupido on the Injured Reserve List from the Active Roster, placed Practice Player Brett Draper on the Active Roster from the Practice Player List. The Panther City Lacrosse Club have placed Callum Crawford on the Short Term Hold Out List from the Active Roster, placed Connor Sellars on the Active Roster from the Short Term Hold Out List, placed Tony Malcom on the Injured Reserve List from the Active Roster and placed Nate Wade on the Active Roster from the Injured Reserve List.

en Bears hosted a home game versus the Whitby Steelhawks at the Iroquois Lacrosse Arena.

Ohsweken Bears and Six Nations Snipers play next at the ILA on February 10, starting at 8 p.m..

Ohsweken Speedway announces 2023 schedule

TWO ROW TIMES

OHSWEKEN, ON –

Ohsweken Speedway

officials are excited to announce an action-packed 2023 schedule. The track’s 26th season of racing features the return of the NASCAR Pinty’s Series, plus the Canadian Sprint Car Nationals, Canadian Crate Sprint Nationals and much more.

The schedule is anchored by the track’s four Friday Night Excitement divisions, including the 360 Sprint Cars, Crate Sprint Cars, Thunder Stocks and Mini Stocks.

The 19th running of the Canadian Sprint Car Nationals is set for Saturday, September 16, featuring the best 360 Sprint Car teams in North America. The second running of the Canadian Crate Sprint Nationals will kick off the racing portion of CSCN weekend on Friday, September 15. Plenty of cash will be on the line both nights.

Back-to-back 100-lap races for the NASCAR Pinty’s Series stock cars is sure to draw plenty of attention on the 2023 schedule, while visits by the Southern Ontario Sprints 360 Sprint Car series, Action Sprint Tour Crate Sprint Car series, Race of Champions Sportsman Modifieds, NLMA Crate Late Models, Duel on the Dirt Thunder Stock and Mini Stock series, UMP Modifieds, Vintage Cars and the Flat Track Canada Motorcycles will add to the fun.

Fans interested in camping at Ohsweken for the August 14 & 15 NASCAR Pinty’s Series events will want to get to the track a few days early this year; five straight days of racing will kick off Friday, August 11 with Sprint Cars, Modifieds and Stock Cars. Two-wheeled action will take centre stage on Saturday, August 12 when Flat Track Canada motorcycle racing returns to Ohsweken, while Sunday, August 13 will feature

the second running of the Canadian Micro Sprint Nationals on the “Little O.”

The extra-long weekend will hit a crescendo when the NASCAR Pinty’s Series runs two 100-lap races on Monday and Tuesday, with the 360 Sprint Cars and Crate Sprints set to run both nights.

Another date to circle on the calendar is Memorial Night on Friday, August 4. This night of remembrance will feature the Noelle Teal Twin 14’s for the Crate Sprint Cars, the Brock Leonard 50 for the Thunder Stocks and the Art Hill 42 for the Mini Stocks; both Stock Car races will also serve as Duel on the Dirt combined series races.

“Noah’s Dash” will also be a part of this special night in honour of the late Noah Thomas.

Other popular events returning in 2023 include the Thunder Stock Cash Blast 50, Halloween in July, Wall of Fame Night, Canadian National Autism Foundation Night, Christmas in July, Drive Safe Ride Safe Bicycle Night and Back to School Backpack Night.

2023 Ohsweken Speedway Schedule of Events

(Subject to Change)

Friday, May 5 – Test & Tune Night 1

(All divisions competing at Ohsweken Speedway in 2023)

Friday, May 12 – Test & Tune Night 2

(All divisions competing at Ohsweken Speedway in 2023)

Friday, May 19 – 26th

Season Opener

-360 Sprint Cars

-UMP Modifieds

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

Friday, May 26 – Friday Night Excitement!

-360 Sprint Cars

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks (Duel on the Dirt home track race)

-Mini Stocks (Duel on the Dirt home track race)

Friday, June 2 – Wall of Fame Night

-360 Sprint Cars

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

Friday, June 9 – Late Model Open

-Late Models

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks (Duel on the Dirt home track race)

-Mini Stocks (Duel on the Dirt home track race)

Friday, June 16 – Canadian National Autism Foundation Night

-360 Sprint Cars

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

Friday, June 23 – Thunder Stock Cash Blast 50

-Sportsman Modifieds (Race of Champions Dirt 602 Series)

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

Friday, June 30 – Friday Night Excitement!

-360 Sprint Cars

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

-Vintage Modifieds

Friday, July 7 – Drive Safe Ride Safe Bicycle Night

-360 Sprint Cars

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

Friday, July 14 – Halloween in July

-360 Sprint Cars (Southern Ontario Sprints series)

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

Friday, July 21 – Grand River Champion of Champions Powwow

-NO RACING

Friday, July 28 – Christmas in July

-360 Sprint Cars

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

Friday, August 4 – Memorial Night

-Crate Sprint Cars (No-

elle Teal Twin 14’s)

-Thunder Stocks (Brock

Leonard 50 – Duel on the Dirt series)

-Mini Stocks (Art Hill 42

– Duel on the Dirt series)

-Noah’s Dash

Friday, August 11 –

Sportsman Shootout

-360 Sprint Cars

-Sportsman Modifieds (Race of Champions Dirt 602 Series)

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

Saturday, August 12 –

Flat Track Canada Motorcycles

-Flat Track Motorcycles

-Vintage Modifieds

Sunday, August 13 –

The 2nd Running of the Canadian Micro Sprint Nationals

-Micro Sprints on the Little O

Monday, August 14 –

NASCAR Night 1

-NASCAR Pinty’s Series 100

-360 Sprint Cars

-Crate Sprint Cars (Action Sprint Tour West series)

Tuesday, August 15 –

NASCAR Night 2

-NASCAR Pinty’s Series 100

-360 Sprint Cars

-Crate Sprint Cars (Action Sprint Tour West series)

Friday, August 18 – No Racing (Off Week)

Friday, August 25 – Friday Night Excitement!

-Crate Late Models (Northeast Late Model Alliance)

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

Friday, September 1 –Back to School Backpack Night

-360 Sprint Cars

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

Friday, September 8 –Championship Friday

-360 Sprint Cars

-Crate Sprint Cars

-Thunder Stocks

-Mini Stocks

Thursday, September 15

– #CSCN2023 Test & Tune Night (all divisions competing at Ohsweken in 2023)

Friday, September 16

– The 2nd Running of the Canadian Crate Sprint Car Nationals

-Crate Sprint Cars (Action Sprint Tour National series)

-360 Sprint Cars (Triple 15’s)

Saturday, September 17 – The 19th Running of the Canadian Sprint Car Nationals

-360 Sprint Cars ($10,000-to-win)

-Crate Sprint Cars (Action Sprint Tour National series)

An exciting line up has been announced for the 2023 Ohsweken Speedway. SUB

Six Nations talent recognized as Indigenous hall of fame announces 2023 class

By TRT Staff with notes from https://www.naiahf. org/team/

The North American Indigenous Athletics Hall of Fame announced its second class of inductees on Wednesday, February 1.

Founded in 2022 by Dan Ninham, Oneida, and his wife Susan, Red Lake Ojibwe; this year’s class features more than 75 new athletes, coaches and teams to receive the honor for their ath-letic achievements and contributions to their respective sports.

Ninham is a regular contributor to ICT and has been involved with Indigenous athletics for more than 40 years.

Jim Thorpe is considered one of the more nationally recognizable names on the list, however, faces seen closer to home were also announced and recognized for their effort and contributions to their respective sports.

Awehiyo Thomas, Dean Hill, Delby Powless, Glenn Styres, Kevin Sandy, Oliver “Cap” Bomberry, Roger Vyse, and Ross Powless were each inducted with ties to Six Nations. Highlights for each include:

Awehiyo Thomas: Thomas (Beautiful Flower) is Cayuga Nation, Wolf Clan. She played competi-tive lacrosse on the international, NCAA DI and professional stage, with many Player ofthe Game awards. She was a proud member of the Haudenosaunee National Women’s Lacrosse (HNWL) Team for many years, competing on the world stage in 2009, 2013 and 2017. In 2018, she was the first Haudenosaunee woman to play professional lacrosse with the Baltimore Ride in the UWLX league. Most recently, she was a member of the HNWL Sr. Team which placed first at the Pan American Lacrosse Association in 2019.

Dean Hill: Hill, of the Mohawk Nation, enjoyed a very successful Jr. B lacrosse career with the Six Nations Rebels and the St. Catharines Spartans, which led him to being drafted by the Min-nesota Swarm of the National Lacrosse League. He would play 10 seasons in the NLL

recording 247 points in the regular season and adding 12 more in the playoffs. Hill was known as a power play specialist who many considered to have the best one-timer in the game. Sadly, Hill passed away due to complications in his sleep September 6, 2021 at the age of 36.

Delby Powless: Powless, of the Mohawk Nation, played five seasons with the Six Nations Junior A Arrows lacrosse club and is currently the team’s All-time leading scorer with 686 total points.

While attending Herkimer County Community College, Powless was twice named All-American. He transferred to D1 Rutgers University where he led the Scarlet Knights in scoring both years and was a 2x All-American, while leading Rutgers to 2 NCAA tournament appearances. Powless was drafted 1st overall in the 2004 National Lacrosse League entry draft by the Buffalo Bandits and helped

them win the Champions Cup in 2008. Powless also played in Major League La-crosse with Toronto Nationals winning the Steinfeld Cup in 2009.

Glenn Styres: Styres has been a racing industry leader for 30 years. Styres success has been validated internationally by being voted the North American Sprint Car Promoter of the Year eight times. Behind the wheel he was a multi-time champion at his home track, the Ohsweken Speedway and on tour winning the Southern Ontario Sprints Tour Championship multiple times.

Kevin Sandy: Sandy belongs to the Lower Cayuga Nation, Wolf Clan, and was the first General Manager of the Six Nations Arrows Lacrosse team who went on to become the first Indigenous team in the world to win the Minto Cup Canadian Jr. A Lacrosse Championship in 1992. He en-joyed visiting families, bringing the players togeth-

er, to come home and believe in a dream to compete at the highest level possible in their sport of choice. He’s been the General Manager of the Six Nations Rebels who won Canadian and Ontario Lacrosse Championships in the late 1990’s. Sandy has helped build, plan and organize the Haudenosaunee National teams who won silver at the 2007 World Indoor Lacrosse Championships (Halifax, NS) and 2008, U-19 World Field Lacrosse Team (Coquitlam, BC).

Oliver “Cap” Bomberry: Bomberry played for the Oshweken Warriors from 1959 to 1973 and won the President's Cup in 1964, 1967 and 1968. He was involved in minor organization from 1975 to 1988 and was a Team/General Manager with the Jr. A Arrows from 1990 to 1992 win-ning the Minto Cup in 1992. This was the first indigenous team to win the Minto Cup. He was also the GM for the Six Nations

and field lacrosse teams starting in 1999 with the under 19 bronze medalists in Adalaide, Australia.

Vyse attended Herkimer Community College where he started on attack and was a 2x All American. In his second and final season at Herkimer in 2003, Vyse and his teammates won the NJCAA championship going 18-0 on the season. Vyse played lacrosse at Limestone College Division II. Limestone would make the Division II finals both seasons (2004, 2005) but come up short losing both games in overtime. In Vyse's final season at Limestone, he broke the Division’s 34-year-old goals per season record by one goal (71). He led the team in goals and tied for most assist (71 goals, 29 assists = 100 points) in his final season of college lacrosse. Vyse would be drafted into the National Lacrosse League 13th overall in 2006 by the Buffalo Bandits.

Chiefs from 1993 to 1997 winning the Mann Cup in 1994, 1995, and 1996. Cap was President and GM of the Six Nations Rivermen from 2013 to 2019 winning the President's Cup in 2015 and 2019. Bomberry has been inducted into the Ontario Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 1997 in the Builder Category. He was also inducted into the Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 2001 as a Builder, became an Ontario Lacrosse Association (OLA) Life Member in 2006 and was presented with the OLA President's Award.

Roger Vyse: Vyse is Mohawk, and member of the turtle clan from Six Nations, Ontario Canada. Growing up on the Six Nations reserve, lacrosse was the dominant sport especially in Vyse's family. Vyse played lacrosse for over 30 years starting at the age of four years old until he re-tired at the age of 36. Along the way Vyse was a long-standing member of the Iroquois Nationals box

Ross Powless: Considered one of the fathers of modern lacrosse in Canada, Ross Powless was born in Ohsweken Ontario, on the Six Nations of the Grand River in 1926. Belonging to the Tur-tle Clan. Between 1951 and 1953, he won three consecutive Canadian Senior A championship titles with the Peterborough Timbermen. In 1951 and 1952, he claimed the Tom Longboat Award twice as the most outstanding First Nations athlete in Ontario. In 1953, he was awarded the Mike Kelley Memorial Trophy for Most Valuable Player in Canadian Senior A lacrosse. As player-coach of Hamilton Lincoln Burners Senior “A” team between 1956 and 1958, Ross won every Ontario Lacrosse Association trophy he was eligible to claim, including Top Scorer, Most Valua-ble Player, Best Defensive Player and Coach of the Year. Among his many coaching highlights, Ross led the Canadian Senior Men’s Lacrosse Team to defeat the United States at Expo ‘67 in Montreal. His son, Gaylord Powless, who was inducted into Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame in 2017, stands out as one of the great lacrosse players taught and inspired by Ross.

SIX NATIONS — The North American Indigenous Athletics Hall of Fame announced its second class of inductees on Wednesday, February 1. Among the athletes were Awehiyo Thomas, Dean Hill, Delby Powless, Glenn Styres, Kevin Sandy, Oliver “Cap” Bomberry, Roger Vyse, and Ross Powless, who were each inducted. SUBMITTED

SIX NATIONS COUNCIL

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Why are people turning to psychedelics like ayahuasca?

The Canadian Press HILDALE, Utah — Ayahuasca is a psychedelic tea whose roots go back hundreds of years to ceremonial use by Indigenous groups in the Amazon region.

It's widely used in South America where it is legal in several countries, including Peru and Brazil. But in the United States, it remains illegal because the brew contains the psychedelic N, N-Dimethyltryptamine or DMT.

Despite its illegal status, ayahuasca has become increasingly popular in the U.S., and interest has intensified as celebrities like NFL quarterback Aaron Rodgers and Hollywood star Will Smith talked about attending ceremonies. Supporters have formed churches to hold their ceremonies, which are largely held underground in homes, at rented facilities or in remote locations like deserts.

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU DRINK THE TEA?

Those who drink ayahuasca report seeing shapes and colors and going on dream-like journeys that can last several hours. Some say they can encounter dead relatives as well as friends and an assortment of spirits who talk to them.

Surveys of tea drinkers have reported that most experience a range of physical and mental effects after drinking ayahuasca. The most common physical reaction, according to a study in PLOS Global Health, was vomiting or nausea while other lesser side effects include abdominal pain and headaches. A majority of participants also reported seeing and hearing things, feeling alone or having nightmares _ though almost all those reporting mental effects felt they were beneficial to their growth.

According to the study, 2.3% of those surveyed reported needing medical attention after taking ayahuasca.

WHY DO PEOPLE TAKE AYAHUASCA?

A growing number of people in the United States are turning to ayahuasca to address a range of mental ailments they say conventional medicine has failed to remedy.

Many turn to the ceremonies to help with eating disorders, depression, substance use disorders and post-traumatic stress. One study, using data from the Global Ayahuasca Project, reported that most people with depression felt it had ``very much improved'' or ``completely resolved,'' while most of those with anxiety reported that their symptoms were ``very much improved'' or ``completely resolved.''

But medical experts caution that not enough research has been done in the United States to confirm these findings _ though smaller studies have been done in Brazil and other countries.

``There aren't really the same kinds of studies that have been done above ground in the United States that allow us to know how well does it really work, who does it really work the best for, what are the real side effects of it,'' said Anthony Back, a professor of medicine at the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle. He is leading a study using psilocybin, a hallucinogen found in some mushrooms, to help doctors and nurses with symptoms of depression and burnout linked to their work during the pandemic.

``Our knowledge (of ayahuasca) is kind of limited,'' he said. ``There is not as much information about safety as the regular other medical treatments that you might get if you went to a regular doctor in the United States. It's kind of in the early stages I would say _ interesting, intriguing, promising.''

WHERE IS THE MOVEMENT HEADED?

Some supporters worry the popularity of ayahuasca could prompt a federal government crackdown. Some advocates have reported ayahuasca shipments from South America being seized and churches closing for fear of legal trouble. Others worry reports of sexual assaults at ceremonies, sickened participants or organizers ripping off people could prompt the federal government to act.

Some groups have formed churches in the hopes of being protected

from prosecution by a 2006 U.S. Supreme Court ruling. Citing the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, a New Mexico church won the right to use ayahuasca as a sacrament. A subsequent lower court decision ruled Oregon branches of a different ayahuasca church could use it.

The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, which declined to comment for this story, set up a system in 2009 for churches to be recognized as having an exception to the Controlled Substances Act. But Sean McAllister, who represents an Arizona church in a lawsuit against the federal government after its ayahuasca from Peru was seized at the Port of Los Angeles, said no churches have been approved. Most people in the movement, he said, view that option as ``a complete waste of time.''

``The government wants to keep a lid on this thing. They want to keep it as small as they can,'' said McAllister, adding that the DEA would be skeptical of people claiming ayahuasca connects them to God.

COULD DECRIMINALIZATION HELP?

Some supporters hope moves to decriminalize ayahuasca and other psychedelics in several states will reduce the risk of prosecution. Decriminalization efforts have succeeded in Colorado and Oregon and a bill is pending in California. More than a dozen cities _ mostly in California, Massachusetts and Washington _ have passed resolutions that deemphasize the prosecution of various drugs including ayahuasca.

``Part of what we are trying to do is get the word out and change the laws in the United States so this is 100% legal and you never have to worry about it,'' Brian Cantalupi, a lead facilitator with the California-based Hummingbird Church, told participants at a recent ayahuasca ceremony. The church, which once largely operated underground, now holds ceremonies in the open.

But it's unclear if the new laws sanction ayahuasca ceremonies. Even if they did, participants could still face federal prosecution.

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Dates:

February 15 & 22nd

March 1, 8, 15, 22nd

Time: 6:30-8:00PM

The Indian Defense League Meeting

Sunday, February 19th, 2023 at 1-3 pm at the Dajoh

All Welcome. We are planning for a Border Crossing Celebration on Saturday, 15 July 2023.

Members and volunteers needed.

CLUES ACROSS

1. Functions

5. Records electric currents associated with contractions of the heart

8. Trigonometric function (abbr.)

11. Secret political clique

13. Type of gibbon

14. Nocturnal S. American rodent

15. Famed American playwright

16. Mesopotamian goddess

17. Abba __, Israeli politician

18. Long ridge of gravel and sediment

20. A place to stay

21. Actor Idris

22. One who behaves in a rebellious way

25. A way to measure movement

30. Distinguish oneself

31. Type of drug (abbr.)

32. Basketball great Baylor

33. Masses of salivary matter

38. Calls balls and strikes

41. Plant that grows along the ground

43. A recreational activity in the air

45. Consumes too much

47. Island nation

49. Pistol

50. Mixtures of soul and calypso

55. Ancient Greek City

56. Similar

57. Roughly trimmed tree trunk used in a Scottish game

59. Semitic fertility god

60. Born of

61. Frogs, toads, tree toads

62. School in the northeast (abbr.)

63. Soviet Socialist Republic

64. “__ the Man” Musical, baseball

CLUES DOWN

1. Fiddler crabs

2. Discount

3. Partner to “flows”

4. Ethnic group of Laos

5. Beloved “Seinfeld” character

6 .Book of tickets

7. The last name of “Hermione”

8. Type of TV package

9. Helps to heal a cut

10. Town in Galilee

12. Actor Horsley

14. “Hocus Pocus 2” actor Ed

19. Bird-loving group (abbr.)

23. They respond when someone is sick

24. Emerged

25. Midway between south and southeast

26. Monetary unit of Afghanistan

Answers for February 8, 2023 Crossword Puzzle

27. Unit of work or energy

28. Indicates near

29. Famed river

34. For each

35. News organization

36. CNN’s founder

37. They __

39. Areas off to the side

ARIES – Mar 21/Apr 20

Excessive spending in recent days may have you feeling nervous about your finances, Aries. In addition to bills, you could be waiting to be reimbursed. Be patient.

TAURUS – Apr 21/May 21

Taurus, you may have been working so hard you haven’t had time to spend with family and friends lately. Clear your calendar and make some time for recreation.

GEMINI – May 22/Jun 21

This week you may lock yourself behind closed doors and enjoy some alone time for a change, Gemini. Relax with a good book or binge watch some television.

CANCER – Jun 22/Jul 22

A friendship could be tested when you get into a quarrel over money, Cancer. You each have different philosophies on spending. Try to see both sides.

LEO – Jul 23/Aug 23

Philosophy and religious principles are of interest to you lately, Leo. Explore the metaphysical and dive into these subjects with all of your energy.

VIRGO – Aug 24/Sept 22

Virgo, you could be longing for a vacation, so why not make it happen? If you’ve socked away some cash, put it towards a trip to recharge and relax.

LIBRA – Sept 23/Oct 23

Make an effort to reconnect with someone you have known a long time who has become absent from your life. Resolve to maintain this connection in the years ahead.

SCORPIO – Oct 24/Nov 22

Honest communication can take you through a rough patch you might be having with your romantic partner, Scorpio. Speak openly and honestly to resolve the issue.

SAGITTARIUS – Nov 23/Dec 21

Keep your eyes focused on the future, Sagittarius. It’s easy to dwell on what happened in the past, but that won’t matter much in the grand scheme of things.

CAPRICORN – Dec 22/Jan 20

A miscommunication could find you spending money you just don’t have right now, Capricorn. This may be an instance when you need to seek a professional to sort it all out.

SUDOKU

AQUARIUS – Jan 21/Feb 18

Aquarius, a project that has been on the calendar for some time finally gets completed. It has been a long time coming, but the results are better than you expected.

PISCES – Feb 19/Mar 20

Go through some old photos and reminisce, Pisces. It can be a quiet way to spend a day or two and enjoy the memories.