BRING A BUCKET AND A MOP collective maintenance and repair in our built environments by: tya abe
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The thesis of TATHYA Y. ABE, titled BRING A BUCKET AND A MOP, is approved:
DATE:
MARCEL SANCHEZ PRIETO
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STATHIS YEROS
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SARAH HIRSCHMAN
University of California, Berkeley Spring 2022
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ABSTRACT Things fail, they deteriorate, they break. All things – from structures to spaces to people to relations – exist in life cycles in which disrepair is inevitable. What is perceived as ‘permanent’ is only so because it is maintained to be so. Just as disrepair surrounds us, so does maintenance and repair, or at least their potential. Embracing the maintenance and repair of spaces, particularly those that are shared, can produce more than just functioning buildings. Cultures of repair at the collective level can permeate into various scales. They can disrupt silos of private property and individualism; reconnect us to our existences in cycles; facilitate skill-sharing and collaboration across different backgrounds. They can build resiliency. To engage in these practices is to restore our relations to our surrounding environments, from the built to the social. This thesis proposes a shared space that is a tool in itself for teaching and engaging with maintenance and repair, acting as both space to be maintained and facilitator of these practices beyond. This thesis book was produced in the context of Professor Marcel Sanchez Prieto’s seminar 204A and studio 204B 2021-2022, in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Master of Architecture degree at the University of California, Berkeley. Advisors: Marcel Sanchez Prieto Stathis Yeros Sarah Hirschman Copyright 2022
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MANY THANKS TO
Denise Abe Ketut Arthana Elena Bouton Emily Bouton Massey Burke Nathaniel Corum Adam Cutts Mario Devora Tom Devore Emily Ely Sarah Hirschman Annette Lee Dave Jette Hannah Johnson Issac Logsdon Lily Oyler Marcel Sanchez-Prieto Sophie Schnietz Z Waite Vita Wells Zach Whiteman Lukas Winklerprins Stathis Yeros and the many others who got me into and through this project.
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CONTENTS
“...a world in constant process of fixing and reinvention, reconfiguring and reassembling into new combinations and new possibilities — a topic of both hope and concern. It is a world of pain and possiblity, creativity and destruction, innovation and the worst excessses of leftover habit and power.” - Steven Jackson, Rethinking Repair
THESIS STUDIO - SPRING ‘22 THESIS PREP - FALL ‘21 PROJECT STATEMENT ECOSYSTEMS OF REPAIR
“With an old house, the work is never done, and you don’t expect it to be. America is an old house, we can never declare the work over. Wind, floor, drought and human upheavals batter a structure that is already fighting whatever flaws were left unattended in the original foundations.” - Isabel Wilkerson, Caste
PRECEDENTS SYLLABUS BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BRING A BUCKET AND A MOP
thesis studio spring 2022
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This thesis explores ideas of collective maintenance and repair through the design of a shared community space: a tool lending library and classroom that acts as a resource for sharing both tools and skills. It is designed to be a tool in itself for teaching and engaging with maintenance and repair, acting as both space to be maintained and facilitator of these practices beyond.
SITE PLAN
Like other tool lending libraries in the Bay Area, the proposed tool lending library sits adjacent a public library, specifically the West Oakland Branch Library. The site sits at the intersection of West Oakland’s industrial and residential zones. Adjacent to the site is a public school, a senior center and a park with a skate park, sport courts and currently closed public pool, creating a civic core that has been tagged by the city government as a possible site for a ‘resiliency hub’.
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Beyond superficial and structural consequences, maintenance, repair and more specifically their prevention, have been used as tools to oppress African-American and other minority communities in their access to housing. With the 1949 Housing Act, deferred maintenance could be used as a justification for eminent domain, forcing many out of their homes because of a building’s state of disrepair. Due to exclusionary practices, African-American homeowners faced difficulty accessing loans for home maintenance and improvements. Meanwhile, absentee landlords of African-American tenants were not held accountable for properties that fell into disrepair, bolstering the argument of ‘blight’. In the 1950s, West Oakland was dubbed the city’s ‘sorest blight problem’, despite there being a thriving cultural corridor as well as many properly maintained blocks at that time. The city saw only what was ‘substandard’ and proceeded to demolish hundreds of homes to be replaced by public housing projects.
CONTEXT ELEVATION in collaboration with LILY O
Maintenance and repair has and continues to have significant implications on our environments, from the built to the ecological, the private to the shared, the physical to the social.
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BERKELEY TOOL LENDING LIBRARY (EXISTING)
STORAGE (PUBLI
STORAGE (RESTR
22 SF
558 SF 28 SF
23 SF
22 SF
BERKELEY TOOL LENDING LIBRARY (EXISTING)
28 SF
23 SF
STORAGE (PUBLI MAINTENANCE
STORAGE (RESTR RESTROOM
558 SF
MAINTENANCE UTILITY
399 SF
443 SF
RESTROOM OFFICE
UTILITY COMMUNITY SPA
399 SF
443 SF
OFFICE
12 SF 12 SF 12 SF 12 SF
60 SF 60 SF
COMMUNITY SPA
OAKLAND TOOL LENDING LIBRARY: TEMESCAL (EXISTING)
OAKLAND TOOL LENDING LIBRARY: TEMESCAL (EXISTING)
75 SF
34 SF
19 SF
34 SF
19 58 SF 136 SF SF
58 SF
47 SF 174 SF 75 SF
64 SF
121 SF
64 SF
121 SF
47 SF 174 SF 136 SF
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763 SF
763 SF
IC)
RICTED)
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RICTED)
ACE
ACE
The proposed West Oakland Tool Lending Library, builds off conversations and studies of the existing tool lending libraries in Oakland and Berkeley (see PG.59 - PRECEDENTS: TOOL LENDING LIBRARIES). These libraries act as a nodes in a network of spaces and organizations that facilitate maintenance and repair. The operations and inventory of the current Oakland Tool Lending Library (OTLL), located in the Temescal Branch Library, has exceeded the capacity of its basement home. The group, Friends of the Oakland Tool Lending Library (FOTLL), worked with an architect to develop a new building design for the OTLL made of shipping containers to be placed in the Temescal parking lot. The new building will provide much needed additional storage, space for the FOTLL’s fundraising and educational activities and a community workshop. Similar objectives guided the design of the proposed West Oakland Tool Lending Library.
“...rather than framing [communities of resistance] as isolated enclaves, we should attempt to see them as a potential network of resistance, collectively representing only a part of the struggle...we need to produce collaborations between different communities as well as understand ourselves as belonging to not just one of these communities.” - Stavros Stavrides, On the Commons
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The tool lending library consists of spaces accessible to the public and space reserved for its staff for tool maintenance and daily operations. The community room provides space for meetings, classes and gatherings that can spread into the exterior. Conventionally framed walls present themselves in different states of completion to provide a closer look into the material assemblies that make up our daily built environments.
SPRING 2022 15 PLAN PERSPECTIVE with contributions from ZACH W, SOPHIE S + ELENA B
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The community space and tool lending library form a courtyard that serves as a project space, a constant work-in-progress. A collection of commonly found finish materials provide surfaces to become more acquainted with the tasks of construction, maintenance and repair, such as drilling and plastering. Within each of the building’s functions, it becomes a space for coming together.
SECTION PERSPECTIVE (LOOKING WEST, CUTTING THROUGH CLASSROOM + COURTYARD) with contributions from TOM D
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A variety of earthen plasters cover the interior walls of the classroom, calling community members back whenever the time comes to patch cracks or replaster or give the space some fresh colors. As with any other building, this collection of buildings are also spaces where maintenance and repair occur.
CORNER CHUNK MODEL (1” = 1’) with contributions from ELENA B
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Scaffolding extends out of the buildings and into the site. The system provides storage, working and sitting surfaces, and provides access to higher areas of the building during periods of maintenance.
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Cultures of repair at the collective level can permeate into various scales. Embracing the maintenance and repair of our shared spaces can produce more than just a better functioning space. It can disrupt silos of private property and fallacies of individualism, reconnecting us to our existence in greater communities. The American Dream has ingrained the notion that success is defined by one’s ability to own and take care of everything ‘on their own’. It can facilitate sharing and collaboration across different backgrounds and skill sets. The recent resurgence of mutual aid networks and timebanks remind us that everyone has things to be shared, from years of experience to a willingness to learn and help. It can build resiliency, expanding the ways in which communities can respond, repair and recover from destabilizing events from the likes of climate disaster to political unrest, amidst increasing inaccessibility to construction services and materials.
VIGNETTES: RIPPLE EFFECTS with contributions from ANNETTE L
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SECTION PERSPECTIVE (LOOKING NORTH, CUTTING THROUGH CLASSROOM, SCAFFOLD + TOOL LIBRARY)
In thinking about maintenance and repair, architects are asked to think beyond opening day, to think about the lifespan of a building, the people involved in this lifespan and the lifecycle of its materials. To embrace these practices is to embrace our physical and intangible worlds existing within cycles. It is to restore our relations to our surrounding environments, the built and social structures that frame and support our lives. To maintain and to repair is to reclaim, it is to share, it is to problem solve, it is to learn, and increasingly so, it is to be resilient in the face of whatever may come next. It is to come together and to care.
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thesis prep fall 2021
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EMBRACING MAINTENANCE + REPAIR
We do not have to look far to see the cracks, to see the ways in which things are or are on their way to not working. Perhaps they never really worked in the first place. All things - from space to people to relations - exist in life cycles in which disrepair is inevitable. Things fail, they deteriorate, they break. After the opening day pictures are taken for the portfolio, everything we put out as architects will breakdown eventually.
“...we suggest that caring be viewed as a species activity that includes everything we do to maintain, continue and repair our ‘world’ so that we can live in it as well as possible. That world includes our bodies, our selves, and our environment, all of which we seek to interweave in a complex, life-sustaining web.” - Berenice Fisher + Joan Tronto,
Toward a Feminist Theory of Caring
Source: Rene Burri
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Sally Edelstein, American Dream | American Whitewash
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In looking at disrepair, we are also called to take notice of the maintenance and repair that keep our physical and relational worlds intact, and the lack thereof. Nothing is meant to last forever purely on its own; what is perceived as persevering, still-standing and ‘real’ is only so because it is reproduced and maintained. Disrepair does not have to be sought after or created, it is all around and can often come with costs, burdens and heartaches. But just as disrepair surrounds us, as does maintenance and repair, or at least their possibility. They happen at every scale, including the intangible. We wash our hair, we unclog the bathroom drain, we repaint the house, we pick up the phone to check-in on a friend. Beyond our private realms, and nonetheless related to them, our roads are repaired, our streets cleaned, parks watered and tended, libraries tidied.
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Acts of maintenance and repair are often swept under rugs, framed as both costly inconveniences and as labours of the less-resourced. The invisibilizing of maintenance and repair perpetuates the illusion of pristine everlasting, of our existences being independent of our environments, built or otherwise. Preoccupations with the new and novel, with innovation and linear growth, have accrued physical costs, from the scale of our bodies to our immediate spaces and to the greater environments we inhabit. As the long existing cracks and holes in the world persist for many and become less ignorable for others, acts of maintenance and repair operate in terms of everyday and long-term resiliency. When it comes to the care of community and shared spaces, how might all of us, with our different backgrounds and abilities, be able to participate, moving beyond the binary titles of professional and amateur? “Can architects design new models for practice....pivoting from the acknowledged individual responsibility to a shared responsibility for the collective city?” - Ann Lui, Log 48
Shared spaces and collective practices aknowledge each individual’s existence in community. They can disrupt the notion that we must fend for ourselves, the illusion that we care for only what is legally ours, the valorization of achieving on one’s own and owning everything for oneself. Might collective practices of maintenance and repair reveal interdependencies between the care of our physical worlds with the care and repair of our relational worlds, beyond the fallacy of the individual?
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Art gallery in Oaxaca, Mexico in a previously dilapiated building where structural and functional repairs have been made visible, allowing for a reading of what was necessary to make the space usable once again.
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A hammer, passed down through three generations, displays its scars and stitches while continuing to perform the same function it had when brand new.
AMENDMENTS TO MERRIAM-WEBSTER DEFINITIONS MAINTENANCE = 1 : the act of keeping property or equipment in good condition by making repairs, correcting problems, etc. 2 : the act of causing something to exist or continue without changing performing a role(s) 3 : the act of providing support for someone or something REPAIR = 1 : to restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken and/or has reached a stage in its lifecycle of a loss of use 2 : to restore to a sound or healthy state 3 : to make good : compensate for
Contrary to some narratives, maintenance and repair are not necessarily indications of failure. They do not always necessitate starting from scratch. Often, starting from scratch is not an option. We have been through an extraordinary three years of rips, shatters and shakes of all shapes and sizes. What we’ve seen in these past three years has shown us that things can change in the blink of an eye. The need for repair can emerge in a similar way. How do we respond to this? There is no single definition or methodology that defines ‘correct repair’. It does not necessarily have to mean returning something to its original appearance. In fact, this goal can prove to be costprohibitive. The marks of repair can be read and even celebrated. There are many ways that repair can continue or prolong the role buildings can have for communities of people.
CARE = 1 : effort made to do something correctly, safely, or without causing damage 2 : things that are done to keep someone healthy, safe, etc. 3 : things that are done to keep something in good condition 4: to repair inevitable damage
“...repair : the subtle acts of care by which order and meaning in complex sociotechnical systems are maintained and transformed, human value is preserved and extend...” - Steven Jackson, Rethinking Repair
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The process can perhaps produce more that just the thing that was being replaced in the first place, bi-products that are just as valuable: healthier spaces, waste diversion, skill sharing, new and strengthened community.
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Source: Amanda Snyder / The Minnesota Daily
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“...broken world thinking draws our attention around the sociality of objects forward, into the ongoing forms of labour, power, and interest that underpin the ongoing survival of things as objects in the world. In doing so, it may hold up a clear and revealing light to relations of value and order that are sometimes made invisible under the smooth functioning of complex sociotechnical systems.” - Steven Jackson, Rethinking Repair
This project is interested not only in how maintenance and repair reconnect us to the lifecycle of things, but the spectrum of ways in which they can occur. These chapters in a building’s life become rich narratives in their own right, products of the people, circumstances and capacities specific to each building and a moment in time. It is in these moments that architecture becomes more than a proud beacon of design, in these moments architecture becomes something that lives in relations. Source: John Donegan / ABC AU
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There are many reasons why some don’t want to take up acts of maintenance and repair for themselves, as well as many reasons why others have no other option. This project seeks not to design to avoid disrepair, nor does it want to advocate for or facilitate disrepair. It is not interested in completely replacing paid maintenance and repair work, rather it dwells in the spectrum of different ways that this can done for a range of scales and circumstances. This project seeks to engage with ways in which architecture and architects can acknowledge and contribute to processes of maintenance and repair, embracing creative, working and organizing practices that acknowledge the lived existences of buildings and their relationships with those who interact with them. How can architects be more than hammers? To embrace maintenance and repair is to embrace our physical and intangible worlds existing within cycles. It is to restore our relations to our surrounding environments, the structures that shelter and frame our lives. It is to reclaim, it is to divert waste, it is to share, it is to learn, it is to problem solve, and increasingly so, it is to be resilient in the face of whatever may come next. It is to come together and to care. Source: Mattie Kannard / Flickr
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CLICK HERE FOR GIF
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skilled / trained labour
time hardware stores / manufacturers
work
tools
funding
materials
hardware stores / manufacturers
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repa
air
WORK of Repair The labour involved in maintenance and repair is often unconsidered in the design process but can prove to be costly in terms of both finances and time. Complicated repairs typically require skilled professionals. In some areas, including the Bay Area, there is a shortage of contractors, leading to long lead-times and, often times, price inflation. MATERIALS for Repair
waste
Processes of maintenance and repair are inextricably connected to materials. How are the built objects and spaces around us constructed and of what are they made? How easily can they be repaired? Who is able to do it? What happens if they cannot be repaired? The building sector has become notorious for contributing to 39% of the world’s carbon emissions. Contributing to this 39% is embodied energy, the energy associated with the lifecycle of materials. When buildings are demolished whether due to disrepair or the favouring of a new building, its embodied carbon is also wasted. Maintenance and repair are critical practices in extending the lifecycle of materials. INFRASTRUCTURES of Repair As with new construction, processes of maintenance and repair are also dependent on supply chains that provide both materials and tools, including equipment for safety, transportation and waste-management.
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community members / co-owners / volunteers / friends
skilled / trained labour
time hardware stores / manufacturers
work
tools
funding
tool-lending libraries / maker spaces
materials
hardware stores / manufacturers
re-use stores, craigslist, salvage yards
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repa
air
WORK of Repair While some tasks of repair should be handled by skilled professionals, what aspects of building maintenance and repair can be taken into the hands of community members? What does it mean to work with volunteers? How might expectations require adjustment in terms of finish quality and time required to do the work? MATERIALS for Repair
waste
If maintenance and repair are inevitable, how can our decisions in materials take this into account and consider sourcing and material lifecyles? How can we choose materials that can operate in circular systems? A material that is engineered and marketed to be ‘durable’ might also mean that it is unable to be processed to be used again. Thinking about materials in circular systems demands a consideration of where materials come from and how they might be processed after their intended use.
INFRASTRUCTURES of Repair What facilitates alternative pathways to repair, particularly do-it-ourselves oriented pathways? What provides alternatives to individual action and ownership, where one feels like they must be able to do everything themselves?
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PRECEDENTS Work / Materials / Infrastructures This project is specifically interested in how practices of maintenance and repair can be collaborative in nature. Collective maintenance and repair of our shared physical environments occur at different scales, across many cultures of people. From the scale of connections to buildings to streets to watersheds, these sites are acknowledged as shared spaces that are worth being upheld and cared for in return for all that they provide. These precedents seek to demonstrate that these practices are not novel, they already exist and can be further facilitated and cultivated. They not only act as precedents of the range of ways maintenance and repair can be organized and implemented but also of the different contributions and skill sets that can be a part of these processes and the different tools and materials that might be required.
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Source: Smith Rock Park
CLIMBING ROUTE MAINTENANCE As a network of inherently public and shared spaces, climbing routes necessitate collective vigilance and maintenance to keep them safe for many climbers to come.
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Source: Paul Chinn / The Chronicle
Source: Adopt A Drain Oakland
CLEAN UP DAYS The Adopt-A-Spot and Adopt-A-Drain programs through the City of Oakland allow residents to give back to the realms of shared space beyond their private property lines. A website (top left) allows participants to organize amongst themselves and choose storm drains and parks to steward. In addition, the City of Oakland provides equipment to assist with the process. Organized clean-up days (for example, of parks, watersheds, beaches, etc.) are another method of organizing the coming together of a community to care for their shared spaces and landscapes, with farreaching impacts beyond a singular site.
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Source: Paul de Roos / BBC
ANNUAL REPLACEMENT: PLASTER Every April, the Great Mosque of Djenné in Mali is re-plastered as part of annual maintenance to keep it from being destroyed by the year’s brief but heavy rains. The whole community participates, with some people carrying material and mixing while skilled masons climb the permanent wood scaffolding that are embedded in the mosque’s walls. Others help prepare for the annual evening festival with food and music.
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Source: Ini Jabar
ANNUAL REPLACEMENT: THATCH Every year, in the Gamel and Sarabau villages in Cirebon, Indonesia, villagers come together to replace the alang-alang (thatch) roofs that protect the villages’ meeting pavilions. The annual event marks the start of the monsoon season. The roofs are made out of local tall grass that is dried and woven together into mats that are then tied together to form a dense roof.
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Source: Cornerstones
CORNERSTONES Cornerstones is an organization based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. They organize the preservation of culturally significant adobe buildings in the Southwest and National Parks, replastering earthen plasters and making repairs to the adobe when necessary. Most of their preservation days are organized and facilitated by several members of Cornerstones staff and are open to volunteers from the community surrounding the building and members of the Cornerstones’ network. For some projects, they provide stipends for experienced volunteers who are able to be on-site for the duration of the project. San Miguel Chapel (above) in Santa Fe, built in the 1600s, was fully restored by Cornerstones in 2010 and since then, they replaster the parapets annually and plan to reassess the rest of the building’s plaster this year to determine when replastering will be necessary. 56 BRING A BUCKET AND A MOP
Source: Palace of the Governors Photo Archive
“A Tamaya elder spoke of how the annual re-plastering of their buildings was seen as dressing their buildings both in preparation for the rain and to court it. In doing so, there is an acceptance of the seasonal cycles and that the much needed rains will bring with it weathering of their buildings’ plaster. “ - Issac Logsdon, Cornerstones
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Source: Culture of Repair
REPAIR CAFES Repair Cafes (like those held by Transition Berkeley and Culture of Repair, shown above) currently operate in the Bay Area as pop-up events in community venues such as libraries and churches. The Repair Cafes provide a space for skill sharing where people with knowledge on how to fix electronics and household appliances can guide others in fixing the broken objects they bring in. The Repair Cafes seek to disrupt waste streams and intend for participants to feel empowered to continue this culture of repair at home and beyond, demonstrating what Stavros Stavrides describes in On the Commons as ‘areas of experiment [spilling] over into society’.
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Source: Local News Matters
TOOL LENDING LIBRARIES Tool Lending Libraries provide access to tools that may not be worth the initial investment for a single person who may only need it a handful of times in a year. Access to a wide range of tools creates the opportunity for one to have greater agency over their built environments, whether rented or owned. Tool lending libraries can also lower a barrier to entry into projects that have may have been assumed to be reserved for certain people based on gender or skill set. The Berkeley Tool Lending Library (top left) was founded in 1979 to assist homeowners in lower income districts of Berkeley maintain their house and property value. Over the decades, the library opened up its free services to the rest of the city and moved out of three shipping containers into a designated space in the Berkeley Public Library-South Branch. The Oakland Tool Lending Library (top right) was founded in 2000 in response to rebuilding efforts after the 1991 Oakland Fire. It currently operates out of the basement of the Oakland Public Library-Temescal Branch, with additional tools stored in a shipping container in the parking lot.
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SYLLABUS
SUBJECT TO CHANGE
ABSTRACT / OBJECTIVES / CONTEXT This project is interested in the planning of and response(s) to the very real and active processes of deterioration, weathering and disrepair in our environments – built and otherwise, today and to come. The project does not intend to be a one-size-fits-all solution, rather it seeks to contribute momentum to existing cultures of repair, circular systems and the idea that we – as human beings and members of different communities – can have agency over our built environments: learning, maintaining and repairing together. Maintenance and repair are cyclical practices. Repair in particular may yield different things from what was there at the start. This project is interested in designing with time. In doing so, this project asks for the consideration of the many chapters in a building’s life: Who might be building, repairing and/or working in these different chapters? How might the needs of a space change in these chapters and how can this be done? The primary objectives of this project are to approach architecture with a consideration of its lifespan of use and the lifecycles of its materials, as well as the relationships of buildings to greater ecosystems of labour, materials and infrastructures. The final products of this semester are intended to communicate the different scales and relationships of maintenance and repair, representing already existing ecosystems in Bay Area that can be further supported and expanded. In addition, this project hopes to make connections with repair ecosystems and discourses elsewhere, acknowleding these practices as being both localized and global.
The Bay Area is home to a range of infrastrustures and efforts that support general building projects and maintenance and repair practices, particularly in do-itourselves capacities. The high costs of living (and building) in the Bay Area motivates, and in some cases necessitates, alternative models of building, maintenance and repair. Part of this project is to understand and represent this ecosystem of resources in the Bay Area, to learn from what is already in place and to propose how this network might be supported and furthered. Particular areas of interest in this network are sources of materials, places for reusing materials, tool lending libraries, organizing structures for skill-sharing and end-of-use sites.
READING LIST
LINKS TO READINGS CAN BE FOUND HERE
An Architektur, On the Commons: A Public Interview with Massimo De Angelis and Stavros Stavrides Angelika Fitz + Elke Krasny, Critical Care: Architecture and Urbanism for a Broken Planet Bryony Roberts, Log 48: Expanding Modes of Practice Debbie Chachra, Care at Scale: Bodies, Agency, Infrastructure Harriet Harriss, Rory Hyde + Roberta Marcaccio, Architects After Architecture: Alternative Pathways for Practice María Puig de la Bellacasa, Matters of Care: Speculative Ethics in More Than Human Worlds Shannon Mattern, Maintenance + Care Stefania Barca, Labor(s) of Degrowth Steven Jackson, Rethinking Repair Stewart Brand, How Buildings’ Learn Valeria Graziano + Kim Trogal, Ephemera 19 (2): Repair Matters
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
An Architektur. “On the Commons: A Public Interview with Massimo De Angelis and Stavros Stavrides.” e-flux, 2010, https://www.e-flux.com/journal/17/67351/on-the-commons-a-public-interview-with-massimo-de-angelis-and-stavrosstavrides/. Brand, Stewart. How Buildings Learn: What Happens after They’re Built. Penguin Books, 2012. Chachra, Debbie. “Care at Scale: Bodies, Agency, Infrastructure.” Comment Magazine, 16 Nov. 2021, https://comment.org/ care-at-scale/. De la Bellacasa, Maria Puig. Matters of Care: Speculative Ethics in More than Human Worlds. University of Minnesota Press, 2017. Ferrari, Katie. “The House on Magnolia Street.” Curbed SF, 29 Apr. 2020, https://sf.curbed.com/2020/4/29/21240456/moms4-housing-oakland-house-history. Fitz, Angelika, and Elke Krasny. Critical Care: Architecture and Urbanism for a Broken Planet. Architekturzentrum Wien, 2019. Graziano, Valeria, and Kim Trogal, editors. Ephemera - Theory & Politics in Organization: Repair Matters , vol. 19, no. 2, May 2019. Harriss, Harriet, et al. Architects after Architecture Alternative Pathways for Practice. Routledge, 2020. Jackson, Steven J. “Rethinking Repair.” Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society. : The MIT Press, 18. Sep 2014, https://mitpress.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7551/mitpress/9780262525374.001.0001/upso-9780262525374-chapter-11. Mattern, Shannon. “Maintenance and Care.” Places Journal, 1 Nov. 2018, https://placesjournal.org/article/maintenance-and-care/. “OTLL - History.” Friends of the Oakland Tool Lending Library, https://fotll.org/history/. Roberts, Bryony, editor. Log 48 - Expanding Modes of Practice. ANYONE CORPORATION, 2020. Soliman, Jennifer. “The Rise and Fall of Seventh Street in Oakland.” FOUNDSF, 2015, https://www.foundsf.org/index. php?title=The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Seventh_Street_in_Oakland. “Tool Lending Library - A Brief History.” Berkeley Public Library, https://www.berkeleypubliclibrary.org/locations/tool-lending-library/tool-lending-library-brief-history#:~:text=Berkeley’s%20Tool%20Lending%20Library%20(TLL,and%20one%20 full%2Dtime%20employee. Tronto JC and Berenice Fisher. “Toward a Feminist Theory of Caring.” In Circles of Care. SUNY Press, 1990. Wilkerson, Isabel. Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. Thorndike Press, 2021.
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