Basic Computer Network
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LAN Overview
LANs were created to save time, money, and enable users to share information and resources more easily. Some advantages that LANs provide include Simple and inexpensive connections Support for multiple media protocols Flexibility to provide any-to-any connections Support for new applications Ability to grow easily
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LAN LAN
WAN DMZ
Data network Firewall
Gateway
Outside resources
Hub/Switch Media Server
Printer
PC Workstation/Clients
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LAN Media Thinnet Thicknet
Fiber Optic
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LAN Media
STP : Shielded Twisted Pair
RJ-45
UTP : Unshielded Twisted Pair
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LAN Adaptor RJ-45 connector
BNC connector
NIC : Network Interface Card PCI : Peripheral Component Interconnect Cards Basic Computer Network
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MAC Addressing • Aka Hardware address • “Ethernet” (or 802.3) networks specify a 48-bit physical “MAC address” – 00-00-f8-75-5b-a6 -- Unique identifier for the network interface card (NIC) – Address ranges are assigned to specific vendors e.g., “00-00” is Digital Equipment corp. – To find vendors MAC addresses http://coffer.com/mac_find/
• Specific MAC address that means “broadcast” – ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff (All 1s)
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LAN Connecting Devices Hub
Switch
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HUB • HUBs: !" # " $% !& &' ( !)# &' !* + • ,' ! - 2 !. "# 1 "Passive HUBs "# , ' /' * 0 2 Active HUBs "# 12 ! # ! %+ + * , ' /' * 0 3 HUBs 0', + ,) 2 1 * ,, OSI Model
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Switch • Switches: !)' !+ , HUBs "# * 0 * 0 !" # " $% !& # " $% !& 0' ,, !" # *' • " 6 ! # Hubs "# ,)' * * 0 . $ " " ," * )' # ( % " " ," ' 3 Switches 0', + ,) 2 2 * ,, OSI Model ( ) !)# LANs Topology ! # )
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Router • Router: !" # *' " $% !& !)# J !" # *' " $% !& !. LANs – WANs # WANs – WANs * Router "# $% " +! # ! ' /' * 0 !" # *' " $% !& # ( (Internetworking Device) • ' /' * 0 * Router ) J J&" IP J+ 0', + ,) 2 3 * ,, OSI Model TOT’s NETWORK
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LAN Topologies • • • •
Bus Ring Star Star-Bus
BUS
STAR
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RING
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Star-Bus Topology
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/DIL<LM21I46:/0J4 ETHERNET GH906I46:/0J4 GH906I46:/0J4 GH906I46:/0J4 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps
GH906I46:/0J4 10 Gbps +,-./0123456 +,-./0123456 +,-./0123456 Gigabit C6.D1EF/0123456 Gigabit Fast Ethernet Ethernet system ......... 96: Ethernet system 96: 96::690;6< :690;6< IEEE system 96: :690;6< IEEE :690;6< 802.3 IEEE 802.3u 802.3z/802.3ab IEEE 802.3ae &' '( )'& *'+ IEEE802.3 Basic Computer Network
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:690;6<360/UTG- :95G ETHERNET :690;6< 360 /UT-G:95G
GH906I46:/0J4 3600HC-V5. YXG:ZM
0F2FI46:264 W<3600HC-V5. YXG:ZM
Topology D1-WUX BUS
V62D1-WUX Cable
UT-G/0123
Thin Coaxial
Thin Ethernet S0TG Cheapernet
10base2
10 Mbps
185 - 200 /:90
10base5
10 Mbps
500 /:90
Thick Coaxial Thick Ethernet Twisted Pair (UTP)
10baseT
10 Mbps
100 /:90
10baseF
10 Mbps
2000 /:90
Fiber Optic
......... /:90
Twisted Pair (UTP)
100baseT
100 Mbps
STAR
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Fast Ethernet 15
IP Address 3 Internet Protocol Address ! - ! * % &' ( !)# &' J" *' '12 '/0 &%+ , Hardware ,+ â&#x20AC;&#x201C; "' * ! * !" # *' (Host Address) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; "' * ! *!" # *' (Network Address) â&#x20AC;˘ * + 32 bit ,' ! - 4 ' &' ' "' & 2 &' 0- 255
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IP Addresses – Class A • Class A – – – – –
Start with binary 0 All 0 reserved 01111111 (127) reserved for loopback Range 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x All allocated
• Private address 10.x.x.x
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IP Addresses – Class B • Start with binary 10 – – – –
Range 128.x.x.x to 191.x.x.x Second Octet also included in network address 214 = 16,384 class B addresses All allocated
• Private address range 172.16.x.x – 172.31.x.x
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IP Addresses – Class C • Start with binary 110 – – – –
Range 192.x.x.x to 223.x.x.x Second and third Octet also part of network address 221 = 2,097,152 class C addresses Near all allocated
• Private address range 192.168.x.x
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol â&#x20AC;˘ DHCP "# Service IP Address * ,, !" # *' ,!" # 0 *' (Client) &J &% /0 +0 ,, '& " ,& 2 "' &' ( !)# &' !" # Client !" # ) ,, + ' !" # , % (Server) & &%+& 2 Service , &' ! run ' !" # Client & , &' , ,, IP !" # , %
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Domain Name )# J+! (Domain Name) 6] )# 60 ! ! ! - ! * % ! ! ^& (IP Address) ! - )# # " 6] ' # ! * ! ^, 1& 2 ( !)' ! ^, 1& * ! "! " ! * IP "# 202.44.204.33 + ")# J+! " ! - www.nectec.or.th &%+&' ' " $% !& !" # *' ) IP Address !" #
! - & Lookup # + ) ! b++0, ) ! * )# ! - & c (Domain Name) ! ' Domain Name Server
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1' 12'3+456'57)89: &7 ; <+1' => 7)&67 Network Windows 98 / ME
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1' setup windows 98/ME Click Y46D1- My computer /MTG3 Properties
Network Interface Card
904EVGC3609[\9H]. Network Interface Card Basic Computer Network
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1' setup windows 98/ME
• start • Setting • Control Panel
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1' setup windows 98 â&#x20AC;˘ ! b+ Control Panel ! # Network
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Network Configuration 1 2
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TCP/IP Properties : IP Address
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DNS Configuration
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â&#x20AC;˘ & , !)# &' ' PC , Network J+ !* DOS Prompt $% $ ipconfig /all
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3 >7? RUN
89)8; winipcfg
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1' 12'3+456'57)89: &7 ; <+1' => 7)&67 Network Windows XP / 2000
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1' Setup Windows XP / 2000
1. 5@91A:'& ( Icon My network Place F@G:5@91 Properties
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2. 5@91A:'& ( Local Area connection F@G:5@91 Properties
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3. Double Click & ( Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
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4. @>71 Obtain an IP automatically, Obtain DNS server automatically
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1' Setup V6'+ Control Panel
Control Panel
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Double Click Network Connections
Double Click Network Connections
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" % * Local Area Connection ! # Properties Click
Properties
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@>71 Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) F@ 5@91 )WX Properties F@G:<+FYZ General <3G @>71 Obtain an IP address automatically F@ Obtain DNS server address automatically. @>71 obtain an IP address @>71 internet Protocol(TCP/IP)
@>71 obtain DNS
Click Properties
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â&#x20AC;˘ & , !)# &' ' PC , Network J+ !* DOS Prompt $% $ ipconfig /all
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52'\] (& :^\7Z 5 >7A6'_ Ping â&#x20AC;˘ ) & , 6 !)# &' ' !" # & ,!" # J+ ' $^"! ^ * 0 * +! ^ ( /' J J&" ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) !" #
! ' $^"! ^ 2 0' ^ & , , ! - ICMP Echo Reply (& ' ! - ICMP Echo Request) â&#x20AC;˘ , !" # block ping ! + Fire wall ! # ! & + " +. / + ! - ' &%+&' !" # ' +
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`4 command prompt 89)8;52'\] ( Ping &') 4G:_ @A IP address 7W 1 a; @'_ '( &94&67
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Wireless LAN
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<[26:YG.LI0.Y562 Wireless LAN Wireless LAN (Local Area Network) WLAN !" # $ # % &'( ) & *)#' +,-./% 01$"2.. peer-topeer /5$ &6 % 27 (+#0 "5 (station) # & 0# $ # 09 :-";,% , 7 2..; %# <9$ ' 2.. : # $ # "! ;,%/-= 2..>?,7 >?, (pointto-point) 2..>?,7 ( >?, (point-to-multi point) WLAN !"B((-CDE : "F LAN & -. ? , (5$ "# $ /5$/F "% /5$ !"7-):( -.# <9$ ,1& LAN &5: 6G%# .1(2..7 H Basic Computer Network
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I_`a0FL2U<bYG.0FCCVT-GV60c0XV62 ;& &5 % >F :-,6" $ 7F 2 " /5$# & 06G%. 1: 71,7 # $ # 6" I+:F (- 71,7 # $ # B'%6G%. 1: # & 0 ( $ "/5$;,% 71,7 # $ # # & 0# % 9"= 6G% ";,% ), *) 2(+
7%"/?"0'::) /5$6G%#
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4[4Hd<6360YG.LI0.Y562YXG:ZMc0XV62 Wired LAN Network Wireless LAN (Proprietary) IEEE Standard
ETSI Standard
IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi)
IEEE 802.11a (Wi-Fi5)
HiperLAN/1 HiperLAN/2 HiperACCESS
IEEE 802.11g (Wi-Fi) IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute Basic Computer Network
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IEEE 802.11Specifications 802.11b
802.11a
802.11g
Standard Approved
July 1999
July 1999
June 2003
Maximum Data rate
11Mbps
54Mbps
54Mbps
Modulation
CCK
OFDM
OFDM and CCK
Data rates
Frequencies
1,2,5.5,11 Mbps
6,9,12,18,24,36, 48,54 Mbps
2.4-2.497 GHz
5.15-5.35 GHz 5.425-5.675 GHz
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) CCK (Complementary Code Keying) Basic Computer Network
CCK= 1,2,5.5,11 Mbps OFDM=6,9,12,18,2 4,36,48,54 Mbps 2.4-2.497 GHz
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Wi-Fi Wi-Fi 25G:6E63Ig6456 Wireless Fidelity /ah< /I0T-G.S:62D6.360IX6YG.U_\:690;6</I0TGY562c0XV62 IEEE 802.11 (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer 802.11) :690;6<<1]3g6S<\/DIL<LM21D1-WUXV0X6./I0TGY562 IG:i[4/9G0bc0XV62 (Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)) L\2WUXIMT-<4[D2_256<I46:j1- UHF (Ultra High Frequency) Basic Computer Network
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Wireless Network Components
Access Point
RF interface for desktop PC
… … … … … .… … …
RF interface for notebook
.
…
. … … …. … ……
… … … …
… … …
.
RF interface for iPAQ / Casiopia)
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Access Point /ah<E_\kZ<2b3M6.Vg6S0HC Wireless Network V6:60jjG\/aM1-2</ah</V6G636k /iTG- /i[-:0F2F 0HC - V5.c\X V6:60j/YX60SHVYXG:ZMD10- CH /YX6lMFV5.GG3\X42 0SHV lCC 128 C[9 Eg63H\360/UT-G:95G\X42360M.DF/C12< MAC address V6:60ja0HCLS:\360Dg6.6<c\XSM62lCC c\Xl35 Client mode, Infrastructure, Repeater, lMF Multipoint repeater Basic Computer Network
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RF Interface Card 360b\ PCMCIA 9[\9H]./YX63HC360b\ PCI
Card Compact flash
360b\ PCI Wireless c:59XG.:1360b\ PCMCIA
lM<c0XV62lCC PCMCIA
USB port
PCMCIA : Personal Computer Memory Card International Association Basic Computer Network
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Wi-Fi
! " IEEE 802.11a/b/g Basic Computer Network
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&'()*+,-./0-1-234(210'5 WLAN
Ad- hoc connection
Infrastructure connection
Wireless Bridging (LAN-to-LAN connectivity)
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Peer to Peer Topology (Ad hoc) o
Access Point o ( 3 )
o ! " # $ % & ' AdAd-hoc network is a network typically created in a spontaneous manner. manner. Basic Computer Network
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360/UT-G:95GlCC Infrastructure WUX Access Point 9H4/\124 l95MF/I0T-G. V6:60j/IMT-G<2X62c\XG256.G[V0F m62W<YGCY562360 /UT-G:95G c:5Eg63H\Eg6<4<E_\/UT-G:95G
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1' => 7)&67FZZ Infrastructure <=G Access Point 3@'_&]: 5 > 7(@e1A6'_\')' Y 5@> 7+ ^'18>c+ A7( Access point &]:3+f ( ? _](8>c+ A7( Access point 7 1&]:3+f (?4G g4_1' => 7)&67?)6A'4=6:( _1:6' Roaming
8>c+ 5 7Z5@W) ]c(3)4 d+ 5 >7A6'_ 4 _:1]+ Basic Computer Network
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&'()8+-& Channels - IEEE802.11 DS 2472
2412 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
2400
5
10
4
9
3
8
2 1
o o o o
13
7 6
12 11
.> 3 *0-2@>,*0-2ABCC'D48+,EF.0)&5/@BH&BE A'.'(I.> Access Points FJK 3 /BLMEN+OE@>,)J>5L&BE P/08Q*0-24L'.I>,.> bandwidth @>M, *K2'E)@0'&BH 22 MHz. 4L'.)(VL1-21K-.W8)@0'&BH 11 Mb/s Basic Computer Network
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Service Set Identifier (SSID) â&#x20AC;˘ )# % Service Set â&#x20AC;˘ ! - & ,' ' !" # *' â&#x20AC;˘ 6 & !)# J !* !" # *' & +! - )# !+
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Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) â&#x20AC;˘ ! # ! # & c " +. ,, Ac-Hoc
â&#x20AC;˘ & , % e% ,, ,, b+ â&#x20AC;˘ 6 ! # WEP 64 ,%& '" 10 digit â&#x20AC;˘ 6 ! # WEP 128 ,%& '" 26 digit
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Local Area Network (LAN) Wireless LAN (WLAN) as an extension to wired LAN Hub
Hub Server
Access Point
Switch
Internet
Ethernet Client Basic Computer Network
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V0_a/CT]G.9X<W<360WUX.6</I0TGY562c0XV62 1. $ &C1) 7 E ,#/* ( $ PC 7-= 7\+) /F : G $ &7 :-.: E, 2("; %# 2.. PCMCIA :-.: E, PCI "F & G $ &7 :-" 2(+71,7-= ." PCI Slot $ &C1) 7 E 2.. PCI Wireless /5$;& 7% &5: E, PCMCIA 2(+71,7-= ." PCI Slot $ &C1) 7 E 2.. USB B "C E7 USB $ &C1) 7 E (2.. USB >+ #+,)::) 2(+# & 06G% ":-. $ "%7.?\ ;,% G ":-") Basic Computer Network
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V0_a/CT]G.9X<W<360WUX.6</I0TGY562c0XV62 2. $ &C1) 7 E "%7.?\ /F : G $ &7 :-.: E,2("; %# 2.. PCMCIA & +#F -. $ "%7.?\ ? " : /5$;& 6G Centrino 2.. USB B "C E7 USB $ "%7.?\ 3. $ &C1) 7 E "%7.?\ 2.. Centrino ;& >F !"7% < = ? : IE2("; % # C1$& C + $ "%7.?\ 2.. Centrino # & 06G% " ; %# ;,% , 7 4. ? : IEC:C Palm Pocket PC /F : G $ &7 :-. ? : IE2("; % # 2..: E,;) (# <9$ : E,;) (#"5=#F -. G $ &7 :-. Palm Pocket PC 27 (+ ? " / "-=" Basic Computer Network
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DELL
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Hewlett Packard
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IBM
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ACER
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Compaq
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Compaq
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ASUS
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THE END Q&A
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