BUGGED ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE

Unless you hear buzzing or spot something skittering across the floor, you might not think about insects very often. But they represent at least 80 percent of animal species, provide important services such as pollination, and if environmental stresses reduce their numbers, it could have a major impact on our planet. Among those studying what some have called the possible “insect apocalypse” is Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Professor Kailen Mooney.

He and his colleagues have been looking at how climate change and other human impacts affect insects in Southern California coastal sage scrublands. “What we have found is insect density falls off during drought conditions and comes back during wetter conditions,” Professor Mooney said. “With drought becoming more common, we can predict the density will be lower.”

An area of focus has been determining the ways the availability of insects affect local endangered species, including the cactus wren, a songbird declining in population that feeds on them. “If cactus wrens don’t have access to enough insects or the right mix, it appears to have an impact on their ability to provide adequate food for their offspring.”

Besides climate change, factors such as invasive plants and insects can displace native species, reducing the food source. The researchers have also been creating experimental drought conditions for numerous plant species to find out which ones are best at continuing to support insect communities.

While insects may not get a lot of appreciation, “the most common interaction on Earth is an insect feeding on a plant,” Professor Mooney said. “By shaping plant evolution, insects are fundamental to the functioning of our planet and for our own well-being. We need to care about them.”

• 900,000 different kinds of living insects are known

(source: The Smithsonian Institution)

• It is estimated at least another 2 million types of unknown insects exist

(source: The Smithsonian Institution)

• At any given moment, it is thought 10 quintillion individual insects are alive

(source: The Smithsonian Institution)

• The U.S. has 91,000 described insect species and an estimated 73,000 undescribed insect species

(source: The Smithsonian Institution)

• Over 40% of insect species worldwide are threatened with extinction

(source: ScienceDirect)

• Poor nutrition, largely caused by loss of habitat, is a major contributor to declining honey bee populations

(source: The Agricultural Research Service at the United States Department of Agriculture)

“ If cactus wrens don’t have access to enough insects or the right mix, it appears to have an impact on their ability to provide adequate food for their offspring.”