Introduction With the continuous worsening of living conditions within Glasgow due to overcrowding, shortage of housing and the increasing number of slums as a result of World War II, schemes that aimed to relocate people to the suburbs started to be put in place. One of these was Milton, located 3 miles north of Glasgow City Centre. Despite its proximity to the urban core, people still refer to Milton as “a place somewhere in the north�. This goes to show that Milton lacks a vibrant community and a clear identity. This booklet comes as a continuation of 3 previous stages: Analysis, Strategy and Framework and Coding. Within this booklet all the previous stages come together to inform and support a proposed masterplan that reflects our vision and desires for Milton. In order to give a clear understanding of the steps that led to the proposed masterplan a brief overview of the Analysis will be presented. Also, each strategic plan that has informed the final masterplan will be briefly discussed to show how these come together to form the final strategic plan for the chosen design area and finally, the steps that have led to the formulation of the Foundation Masterplan will be presented finishing off with the final proposed masterplan.
Authors Khalid Ali
Architecture, University of Strathclyde
Jordan Howard
Politics and Geography, University of Strathclyde
Ingrid Andreea Kovacs
Architecture with International Studies, University of Strathclyde
Yasir Elawad
Architecture, University of Liverpool
Contents Introduction
4
Authors
4
Contents
5
Background Overview of Milton Preparatory Research
6-8 10
Analysis
11
Strategy
21
Vision Foundation Masterplan Design Area
46-49
Current Concept Plan
50-51
Strategic Plan
63-71
Proposed Concept Plan Confirmation. Transformation Formulating the Foundation Masterplan
96-97
Masterplan
81-83 99
Character Areas
143
Masterplan in Detail Special Places
157 173
Phasing
211
Conclusion
Milton 2.0
Overview of Milton Milton is a typical example of a British post-war housing estate built by local authorities around the 1950’s. Approximately 3 miles north of Glasgow city centre it is home to less than 7000 residents so it is smaller than other comparable sites around the city such as the better known Easterhouse or Drumchapel. Enough time has now passed since the conception of these estates and this model of living for significant analysis of their successes and failures. The architecture, infrastructure and service networks have all been scrutinised retrospectively both academically and by those who live or have lived there. It should be noted that this type of build was a reaction to a pressing demand of the era – a considerable housing shortage and overcrowding in Britain’s cities and Glasgow’s struggle was one of the worst outside of London – certainly the worst in Scotland. The result was an unprecedented expansion of cities on a scale and in a form that had never been tried before. Ultimately any mistakes made would be very widespread and Milton in many ways is a magnification of some of these mistakes. These estates and their management, or lack thereof, since their completion has been fraught with difficulty. The following is a very brief profile of Milton’s strengths and weaknesses to give an indication of the characteristics of the site we are dealing with.
Milton and the wider picture Firstly, Milton failed to integrate into the wider cityscape with a road network that is clearly distinct in form from the surrounding areas when seen on a map or standing on the street. The site is approximately 1.15 miles east to west and 0.75 north to south yet has only 3 main access roads despite being surrounded on 3 sides by other settlements- the boundaries between them are rigid. Internal permeability is poor with convoluted roads and cul-de-sacs and walkability is compromised by long blocks of up to 500 metres with vast areas of fear zones. These issues are exacerbated by vast swathes of vacant and derelict land.
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Masterplan
NTS
Figure 1 Location of Milton in relation with the City Centre and The West End
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Milton 2.0
Lack of services Milton lacks (and has always lacked) the necessary services. This issue would be far less pronounced and problematic if Milton’s population was concentrated and dense in an urban form that was permeable, walkable and connected or if the areas was affluent and car ownership was high, but it is none of these things. People in Milton must travel for most things – secondary schools, a shop bigger than a small local convenience store and most leisure and recreational facilities.
Unsuccessful Housing Finally, Milton’s design followed a monotone and repetitive form, and in some cases this has meant repetition of unsuccessful housing – some of which have been demolished a mere 50 years since their construction because of their unpopularity. The result is now numerous blocks of derelict flats among inhabited homes. The rest of the housing stock is typical post-war local authority terraced or semi-detached 3 bedroom homes of the same 3 designs or so, with a few pockets of newer developments, some tenement flats and a fragmented estate to the north west known as the ‘Doll’s Houses’ which seems to have escaped much of the negative impact of Milton’s decline, possibly because it of its insulation from the rest of the area. Overall, this means a lack of diversity. These monotone typologies fail to attract newcomers or accommodate many needs. There are no bungalows for elderly residents, no detached homes for large families and no 1 bedroom flats for younger residents. However, Milton is rich with positive potential. Many of the locals have a resilient attitude and pride for their homes with local initiatives such as Love Milton and community garden being the driving forces in education, and development. Moreover, physically Milton has space for growth and an opportunity to redevelop in a way that would be much more difficult and complex for areas that were more densely built. Also, Milton’s situation is enviable – bounded to the north by Glasgow’s green edge where the city’s building ends it affords the site views over the hills and direct access to open space. West is the Cylde canal; a hub for development further south this site is rich with potential yet currently is actively avoided. And to the east, Milton borders the desirable East Dunbartonshire and the busy node of Bishopbriggs on the A803 providing fast access to the city centre and the city’s motorway network.
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Figure 2 Housing Awaiting Demolition
Figure 3 Unpopular Housing
Figure 4 Liddesdale Road Flats
Masterplan
How the project came about This project is on behalf of Glasgow Housing Association, who have given the mandate for proposed redevelopment strategies of Milton – a site they have identified as a key development area for the future. It started with a briefing from Gordon Barbour, GHA’s Development Manager, and for most of us, the discovery of what and where Milton is. The outline included the criteria for the development – what Milton needed to be to fulfil the requirements of the duty that GHA has to its tenants and less rigidly, to the city and people of Glasgow as a major stakeholder and developer. The briefing was broad, with the overarching theme that Milton had not quite become what the bodies that preceded GHA had hoped. The desire is to address Milton’s problems and help it realise its potential how we achieve this is up to us. With this is mind we embarked on various projects of site analysis.
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Milton 2.0
Preparatory Research This masterplan is a long time in the making and though in many respects it is independent and can be read and understood as a contained piece of work, it is a product of a great lengths of research and is the biggest and most significant piece of work following on from two previous stages. In order to fully understand Milton we undertook an analysis phase in which groups were tasked with a specific area of analysis from the following: • • • • •
Drawing the existing city History and Stories Experiencing and comparing place Network analysis of streets Planning framework
By doing so, individuals formed into groups that would be able to simultaneously develop a full and detailed understanding of all facets of Milton in a timely fashion and in a form that is accessible as a database from which we could all base our work. The task was to present the information in a final booklet with the findings (or in the case of drawing the existing city – a detailed map) and a presentation of our key findings. The result was a pool of data and a sharing or knowledge to enable the next phase of the course; the development of a strategy for Milton. The strategy involved changing of groups to ensure a mixture of knowledge from different analysis backgrounds. Here we began drawing plans for Milton, creating a strategic plan and a concept plan. We identified areas of action and made proposals for the development of nodes, the arranging of street networks, the new types of building and their densities, green spaces and green networks. The purpose of the strategy phase was to turn analysis into useful changes for Milton and show how an understanding of the site influences the decisions that are made for it. SWOT analysis allowed for the creation of an approach to development that was tailored to Milton’s needs.
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Figure 6 Overall Project Framework
Masterplan
Analysis Phase The following section will summarise a comprehensive body of work; the analysis phase of this project. This consists of 5 titles, aiming to cover Milton’s past and present from every angle – social, cultural, economic, architectural and political. The following is a mere glimpse into this work and seeks to represent the relevant findings that are applicable to this masterplan and have helped shape our decisions.
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Masterplan
Drawing the Street This task involved mapping Milton in great detail. This was, however, more than a mapping of the physical form of Milton that could be accessed on a typical Ordinance Survey or Google Map, it charted the subtle characteristics and the nuances between spaces in Milton. Built form such as housing was noted, but so too was its typology, access point, materials, appearance and maintenance – all things that provide an insight that a traditional map cannot. This sort of analysis can then allow us to draw conclusions about an areas characteristics and levels and types of activities and to group ares with distinct identities into subneighbourhoods. Useful points from this analysis include the following: - There are few non-residential buildings because land use is primarily residential. Related to this is building heights which are mostly uniform because of a lack of variety in housing typology. - Around 20% of streets are cul-de-sacs, this is a hindrance for accessibility and navigation. All of the streets are 2 way but many are artificially limited to single-flow traffic because of on-street parking. - There are only 3 bus stops and the winding streets can mean walking to these can take longer than it should. - Milton’s built fabric is car-orientated, it is not built on a walking scale, there are no shortcuts for pedestrians, the streets are long and lack reference points and generally have tall street lighting suggesting vehicle precedence. - Public greens are under used and left to grow wild - There is a noticeable community drive - All of the housing can be grouped into the following categories: Detached homes, semi-detached homes, 2 storey cottages, 2,3,4 storey flats, 17 storey flats “Walking along those long streets we felt out of place there, and without reference points, so in the next phase an option would be thinking about decreasing the size of the urban block, create more roads and use more varieties of housing typologies. Landmarks, vistas and other structures can be implemented to give Milton a stronger identity”
Figure 7 Drawing the city development diagrams
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Milton 2.0
Header
Figure 8 FInal Map of Milton
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Masterplan
History and Stories All members of this team were also the members of the history and stories group and this influence may be seen in our approach to this masterplanning phase. The History and Stories analysis sought to develop a comprehensive narrative about where Milton came from, how it grew up and what it is like today. By doing so it is hoped that all of the urban designers can take a more considered approach to their development strategies that fully understands the area they are working with as a part of a city and a home to many not merely a grouping of buildings and roads. This analysis consisted of 2 sections; Milton’s history including a comprehensive timeline and details of the original construction as well as the second section; - Milton’s stories, about the people, the industry and the houses. Useful points from this analysis include the following: - The majority of what we see in Milton today was built within a decade and there has been little development since. - The area has a rich industrial past and the wider north Glasgow landscape was hugely influential globally. - There is a distinct fracturing into sub-districts; north, south, dolls houses and Balmore Industrial Estate. - Some of the unsuccessful housing has already been demolished or awaits demolition and thus residents have been displaced – many of whom hope to return because of family ties. - There is a lack of services; little social engagement, few activities for school children, no community centre, pub, bookmakers, swimming pool, secondary school etc. - Neglect has necessitated regeneration from within with a strong sense of pride coming from organisations such as Love Milton and the community garden. “The most important thing that came through this research is the fact that Milton was formed as a result of Glasgow’s post-war overcrowding and slum clearance interventions. Therefore developments like Milton were conceived to move people out to the suburbs. Although the development was meant to be a desirable destination for the people of Glasgow, the ones that have moved out to Milton have been disappointed time and time again with lack of jobs and services. Therefore, Milton’s development has gotten to a point of stagnation.”
Figure 9 Milton 1980
Figure 10 Milton 1960
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Milton 2.0
Header
Figure 11 Milton 1930
Figure 13 Milton 1980
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Figure 12 Milton 1950
Figure 14 Milton 1990
Masterplan
Network and Analysis of Streets This angle of analysis sought to use some technical framework to evaluate the street network in Milton using Multiple Centrality Analysis software. By doing so, specific numeric and diagrammatic answers about Milton’s built form could be devised to give evidence to support claims made about its poor accessibility; looking at Milton on a map or even walking around it gives you a sense of seclusion or even confusion, MCA allows this feeling to be quantified by measuring its scores in 3 key areas; betweenness, closeness, straightness. Betweenness Do I need to pass though this street to get to other places? • Balmore Road (A879) and Kirkintilloch Road (A803) ‘are good examples of streets which have to be travelled in order to get to other places’ • There is no direct east-west route because Liddesdale Road has been intentionally severed. • There is no direct north access to Bishopbriggs • Most of Milton’s traffic is diverted to Colston Road in the south and circumvents the centre of the area. Closeness How many places can I get within a 5-minute walk of this place? A 10 minute? 15 minute? • -Milton’s closeness on a 400-metre neighbourhood scale is poor with only the “Dolls Houses” scoring high because of their more traditional street network that is more akin to Merchant City than the rest of Milton. • -Few places can be reached as a pedestrian Straightness Is this street a direct route to other places? • -Milton is part of a wider area of poor straightness but its score is lower than most of its surroundings – it lacks connections to other places on 3 sides. • -This poor straightness impacts on public transport by dictating bus routes and lengthening journeys. “Any strategy needs to be considered carefully to match a streets centrality with its function. By matching future development and centrality (for instance locating neighbourhood centres in highly central locations) will provide the best possible opportunity for the areas success. Everything happens somewhere” Recommendations: Liddesdale Road should be returned to its original form of east to west, a loose grid system should be installed in the south and remove cul-de-sacs and this could hopefully create a neighbourhood centre.
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Milton 2.0
Figure 15 Betweenness, Closeness Straightness
Figure 16 MCA Study
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Masterplan
Planning Framework The planning framework team had the mammoth challenge of assessing the documents and policies that are applicable to the redevelopment of Milton. This included a vast pool of resources from national and local governments as well as various government agencies and third party private sector input with focusses ranging from building standards to environmental management, business and enterprise, efficiency and financial targets. “Ultimately the idea is to understand how policies will shape future proposals for Milton, whether all policies are beneficial for the area and what policies the Milton proposal can be grafted onto” This group also conducted a comprehensive statistical portrait of Milton that examined various socioeconomic factors. Useful points from this analysis include the following: - Milton exists in a ‘vacuum’ of strategic development planning as the site is outside area of large-scale city plans. - The site lacks ‘strategic importance’ for development, its isolation has likely meant that is can be neglected because it is not impacting on anything else. - Framework like City Plan 2 are centre-orientated and radiate outwards – Milton being on the urban periphery before the city boundary ends has been a disadvantage. - Glasgow’s priorities during times of financial turmoil changed as there was a forced refocussing. Many policies were dropped or changed in size and/or budget - This lack of support has necessitated internal regeneration efforts from grassroots level. Notable headlines from the statistical portrait that we have used to shape our approach and what we build include the following: - There is a housing shortage across the city - Average life expectancy is lower than the city average by 2 years, for men this is 7 years below the Scottish average - A high percentage of single parent households (51.4%) - Higher than average 0-15 and 65+ age brackets - Little diversity at 96% white - 51.2% socially rented housing, 14.5% more than the Glasgow housing average. - Higher long term sick/disabled (+3%), retired (+6%) and unemployed (+1.45) than Glasgow average - More than double the Scottish average drug deaths over the past decade and more than triple the drug related hospitalisations. - 29% more likely than the Glasgow average to walk, cycle or use public transport for commuting “The analysis of planning policy has shown that Milton exists in a vacuum of strategic development planning. The site lies out-with the large-scale city-wide plans. This is unsurprising perhaps, given the sites location on the urban periphery of the administrative area of Glasgow City Council, and its lack of strategic importance to date”
Figure 17 Main planning policies
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Milton 2.0
Experiencing the city This angle of analysis aims to blend quantitative and qualitative methods to develop a map of the way Milton feels to both visitors and residents. “Place has a direct and indirect influence on our lifestyle, sense of pride and belonging, our social positions and general well-being”. This research involved the team members scoring Milton on various criteria based on their own perception as well as primary research of the resident’s feelings on Milton. These were then compared and used to identify Milton’s perceived strengths and weaknesses – areas that were appealing and safe and areas that incited fear and should be avoided. Useful points from this analysis include the following: - There are few ‘safe zones’ identified; just the “Dolls Houses” and the extreme south of the site where it borders Parkhouse. - ‘Danger zones’ around the tower blocks and along Liddesdale Road. - Balmore Industrial Estate is not considered to be part of Milton - Permeability is poor, there are many cul-de-sacs and few options for journey routes. - There was great variation in the street definition, attractiveness and maintenance among the 4 test zones “There is a community within each of the character areas of Milton, each with its own identity and characteristics; a separation between each area is a major problem for future generations within this community”
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Figure 19 Safe and danger map
Figure 18 Fearzones
Masterplan
Strategy Phase
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Masterplan
All four memebers of this team were in differnet groups for the earlier strategy section of this project. The result is a considerable amount of work and a comprehensive evaluation of the options for Milton’s regeneration from various different perspectives. The task in this phase is to consense this work into one cohesive plan and refine all of our ideas through discussion. This section will provide a breif outline of each memebers strategy and demonstrate the ways in which aspects from each have been cherrypicked to produce what we think are the best ideas for Milton.
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Milton 2.0
Jordan “The primary goal of my strategy group was to integrate Milton into Glasgow’s cityscape better both in terms of physical infrastructure barriers such as roads, as well as socially by braking down the cultural and economic barriers between Milton and its neighbours. The desired outcome would be a Milton that pioneers successful urban design qualities and has the connections that it always needed. Second, it is crucial that Milton has the resources to sustain itself. Job opportunities, social inclusion and infrastructure would build a neighbourhood that can perpetuate its own success rather than continue to hope for and fail to obtain outside help”. Some notable features of this strategy are: - A vocational training centre with workshops and industry connections to tackle unemployment, education goals and entertaining youth - Building variety encouraged through self-build methods - Recycling and sustainability targets with a brewery to make beer from the surplus bread produce from Allied Bakeries and local shops - Canal focus by incorporating it into the green network and undoing the barriers to access
Figure 20 Vision Scheme (Group 2)
Figure 21 Liddesdale Road reimagined (Group 4)
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Masterplan
Figure 22 Strategic Plan (Group 4)
Figure 23 Proposed section across Liddesdale Road (Group 2)
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Milton 2.0
Ingrid The aim of my strategy group was to help Milton transition from “a place somewhere in the north” to a vibrant and strong community that is able to create an identity for itself. The strategy draw a parallel between the mechanical system of cogwheels and Milton. Cogwheels are efficient if they work together, however if one is taken out of the system it cannot survive on its own. Creating a flexible framework is crucial for a community that aspires to self sustainability and growth from within. Currently Milton can be perceived a co-dependent community that relies on it external neighbours to sustain itself, economically, socially and environmentally. Shops, functioning parks and activity places are lacking from Milton, therefore forcing people out of Milton rather than attracting people. Within the strategy we aimed to create a chain of functions around the nodes that will create a series of actions and reaction from a socio-economic point of view that will enable these areas to become popular and attractive. Therefore, the strategy has put in place steps that would help Milton reconnect with its neighbouring communities, establish a connection between the residential Milton and the Forth and Clyde Canal, create a “gateway” to the Green Belt and the Campsies, establish a base for socio-economic development (3 nodes that survive due to the new infrastructure) and generally transform Milton into a destination rather than a transitional place. With the decisions that we made as a group in the Strategy phase we are positive that we can introduce Milton for the first time into the system and make its importance known by its favourable geographical position and its strong identity as well as through the flexibility and freedom of the community to shape and reshape itself. Canal One of our major focus was the Clyde Canal and how this can become a apart of Milton rather than a place that delimitates Milton from Possil Marsh. Within our strategic plan we considered the canal as a catalyst for the development of the industrial area. The new developments that would be developed in this area will tie Milton into the its surrounding and the environmental network that would be developed concomitantly would act as a “green bridge” to the transversally connect Milton to Possil Marsh. The focused that falls on the canal will allow the Industrial Area to develop into an active part of Milton that can be safely used byt the community at large. The role that the canal plays in the development of the Balmore Indusgtrial Estate is crucial and it can easily become the focal point from which the change that is so desired in Milton will start from.
Figure 24 Canal Revitalization as a catalyst (Group 2)
1:X XXX
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Figure 25 Canal Strategy (Group 2)
Masterplan
Figure 26 Strategic Plan (Group 2)
2)
2)
Figure 27 Environmental schemes
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Milton 2.0
Yasir My group’s Strategy focused on walking and cycling, and on transport networks which work for the people who need them, reduces car dependency and the exclusion associated with not being able to afford one. We believed that walkable neighbourhoods improve access to vital services, including health, social care, schools and banking services. In addition, vibrant neighbourhoods and new way of thinking about industry in order to generate jobs for local people. With current initiatives such as the community garden, we sought to bolster and expand initiatives to provide an increase in access to fresh food, social interaction, new skills, and better health. Moreover, we sought to foster a cooperative relationship between communities and institutions, in order for them to work together to exploit initiatives which already exist to tackle the negative impact of vast expanses of vacant and derelict land within Milton. Regarding amenities and recreation, forging a new relationship with Milton and the surrounding countryside could provide opportunities in education, play and leisure opportunities. We subdivided out strategy into three parts, Strategy 1 (S1), Strategy (S2) and Strategy (S3). We wanted to create an urban form that could encourage increased opportunities in the referred to in the previous paragraph. We envisaged, the opportunities each strategy subdivision could provide:. Strategy 1 (S1) Strategy 1 aimed to remake Milton into the gateway to the open rural areas. The ecological network of north Glasgow’s urban surroundings are repaired and Milton’s position on the city edge is utilised, enhanced and improved for residents near and far. We aimed to build water management systems which prioritise sustainability and public amenity, and create green routes which travel up through the city, into the country. We transform the canal into a local leisure destination and give it back life as a trading route. (This aim is part of S1 and S2). We build on the work of local organisations to address skills shortages and a lack of fresh food (This aim is part of S1 and S3) Strategy 2 (S2) Strategy 2 aimed to redevelop the Balmore Industrial Estate into a mixed-use business centre, support existing businesses, building new facilities, as well as workshops which can be used by the community. Working in tandem with S1, we aimed for S2 to create an area and pleasant environment that would be used as a place of employment, training and recreation for as well as a vital connection the neighbourhood to the canal. • Cradle to Cradle Industry: finding opportunity in waste (excess yeast from the bakery being used in the production of whiskey or beer at a distillery or brewery). • Greater sustainability in the industrial process e.g. reusing waste water and waste industrial heat from the factory to benefit the local community. • Redevelopment of the industrial area, creating a new business centre to support local skills, training and jobs.
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Figure 28 Improved connectivity (Group 1)
Figure 29 Existing Milton block form (Group 1)
Masterplan
Strategy 3 (S3) • Strategy 3 aimed to reintegrate Milton into its greater context by improving connections inside and outside of the boundary and improving the neighbourhood’s built form. • Identify existing clusters of activity, shops and services, and conceive of a hierarchy of neighbourhoods and districts. • Increase densities around these centres of activity, in order to enable north Glasgow to support the shops and services needed. • Possilpark becomes a key district centre, with multi regional services such as a new secondary school for north Glasgow. • We alter and repair the street network out and in Milton, to enhance legibility, proximity and accessibility. • A new altered the bus network to enhance legibility, proximity and accessibility north-south and east and west. • The creation of cycle friendly routes through the city and along the strengthened green routes into rural areas. My group believed these strategy aims provide a holistic approach to the issues identified in the analysis and early strategy phases. Most importantly, for change to be a success, the communities in Milton need to be benefit from a reborn region that provides them with jobs, skills and amenities. Strategies that allow for continual community engagement such as a community workshop and canalside watersports, gives the residents a Milton that they have a real stake in, a Milton that they can welcome visitors to and a Milton they can truly feel is their home.
Figure 30 Canal Strategy (Group 1)
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Milton 2.0
Khalid PHYSICAL Introduction of new street hierarchy and a street grid, with the new blocks and housing typology, densifying Milton. Services and activities in the district nodes along the primary roads. New transport/pedestrian links Streets that are overlooked by homes; well connected collective urban spaces and green space: streets, plazas, parks, shared gardens; high quality public space; well-designed higher-density housing; a sense of identity and place. Social Community linked back into the city and surrounding districts with the new connections to it and attractions for the visitors inside Milton. Diverse typology of the housing, introduced by range of densities in Milton will bring different inhabitants (provision of affordable housing) and variety of morphologies, thus deliver social diversity. New Milton will bring a positive change into residents’ lives; public spaces and mobilites, introduce communication and provide platform for social organizations to work with people. The increased value of the neighbourhood, which will become vibrant and successful, will affect mind-set of its residents and provide a good foundation for social and mental health. Citizens involved in developing land, sharing costs and responsibilities with the chance to change their plot. The way they like (e.g. garden or a parking space). Direct investment of the community to its future. Environmental Urban fabric in tune with nature, integrating urban into green (ecosystems, natural flows of water etc.); creating well connected green network; Preserving nature with the organization of urban flows and sustainable land use; Intoduction of ‘zero-energy’ blocks into the neighbourhood, that can include schemes to save natural resources such as Combined Heat and Power. Economical Creating more connections with the city centre and other parts of Glasgow and placing new services thus enhancing mobilies and creating jobs for the locals. With more people living in an area, better local shops and schools become economically viable, as do regular bus services.” (Group 3A, 2016)
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Masterplan
Figure 31 Strategic Plan (Group 3A)
Figure 32 Vision of Liddlesdale Road (Group 3B)
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Milton 2.0
Combining the Strategies The strategic plan for Milton 2.0 combines elements of the four strategic plans the group members had in the strategy phase. All of our respective strategy groups aimed to utilise the canal as a key route of transportation and a component to the industrial zone. Jordan’s and Yasir’s plans both aimed to have a brewery as a part of the industry. Yasir’s plan sought to use the canal as a means to deliver yeast from the bakery to an offsite brewery. Conversely, Jordan’s plan envisaged an onsite brewery. A successful compromise was achieved to have a canal side brewery and beer garden that used the canal to deliver Milton brewed beer to the rest of Glasgow and beyond. Ingrid’s, Jordan’s and Yasir’s respective strategy plans all proposed connecting bridges in the north west of Milton that connects the north of the industrial site to the via Glentanar Road to Possil Marsh. All of us agreed to carry this strategic idea forward into the masterplan phase. What’s more, we added another bridge in the south to make a further canal side connection to Possil Marsh. All of our strategy groups had plans to make use of the canal as a recreational space. This is what we have continued with in the Masterplan stage of the project. This has led to the creation of a canalside museum, kayak and boat hiring centre as well as a canal promenade. Ingrid’s plan proposed a node just north of Colston Church near the the existing bus stop, as did Jordan’s strategy plan.Khalid’s strategy plan had a node along Liddesdale Road and in a new extensions of Liddesdale Road into the north of the industrial estate. Yasir’s strategy plan was proposed with a linear node along Liddesdale Road and then two additional nodes at the north of Milton with one of them near the existing bus station. Hence as a group we agreed to have a node at Colston Church and the existing bus station. The second node was agreed to be at the south of site near the canal and St Agnes church. This was chosen as it was on the secondary street that would lead to a new canal street. There is a public square and canal promenade park as well a high density of homes and retail spaces proposed. All of our plans also proposed green networks that provided access to Possil Marsh and also wanting to have a smooth transition between the tower blocks and the green edge. In terms of a major road connections all the strategy plans proposed major transverse routes from east to west and connecting Milton to neighbouring regions such as Bishopbriggs. Much time and effort and teamwork went towards combining the best aspects to our individual strategy plans. The end result we believe was one better than the sum of four parts.
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Vision | Milton 2.0 We worked together as a group in the analysis phase of this project researching the history and stories of Milton. The lessons we learned from that mean that we have put a great deal of effort into understanding what Milton means to the people so as to avoid taking an overly clinical or detached approach that can lead to oversight or poor judgment. A theme in our analysis was the importance of understanding the struggles of a place and its people in order to address them effectively. As a result our approach to this will be both technical and regimented as well as sensitive to some of the more nuanced social and cultural aspects of regeneration.
“The poverty of the provision of transport, shopping, recreational, leisure and cultural facilities stood in marked contrast (and still does) with the rich heritage of the 19th century public amenity which tenants had left behind in the inner-city.” No Mean City to Miles Better authors D. MacLennan and A. Gibb on the post-war housing estates in Glasgow such as Milton
A combination of a skilled technical restructuring and a considered acknowledgment of the human aspect of urban design, we hope, will ensure that this is a masterplan of exceptional quality and longevity to be judged on its technical mertis as well as how it makes the residents feel.
“In a rush to build quickly and cheaply we risk storing up unnecessary problems for the future. We do not believe there is any need to see a contradiction between building enough homes and making sure that they are of the highest quality.” RIBA Chief Executive Harry Rich on the UK housing shortage and mistakes of the past (the Case for Space)
Our plan for Milton focusses on connectivity, diversity, attractiveness, sustainability and quality. This approach is a relaunch, sharing many of its goals with the original Milton – attractive and comfortable housing during a shortage, modern living and an emphasis on community. But the face of Milton will change drastically – Milton will change from a quiet, rural feeling suburb to a dense and buzzing city district like its neighbours with a bustling urban core and varied and attractive housing surrounding it. The increased population will bring an entirely new atmosphere to the site and enable the social, sustainable and progressive identity that Milton should always have had. With the critical mass to sustain.
Vision | Milton 2.0 Re-thinking and re-designing Milton in a way that allows Milton to morph from a forgotten place “somewhere up there� into a self sufficient community and a vibrant destination where the urban setting meets the countryside. A community that is well connected to its neighbouring towns through various improved movement and environmental networks. Milton takes back the canal and achors itself in its history strengthening its identity probably for the first time. The canal becomes a functioning, active and vibrant part of Milton that contributes to its cycling sustainable economy. New housing developments that bring diversity to a community that is mostly built on a copy-paste framework will enrich social mix and welcome people from different backgrounds to Milton.
Masterplan
Building Renewal Our plan involves demolishing most of the existing structures within our site including residential, commercial and industrial units. This decision was based on both detailed research and our own considered opinions shaped by our time studying and visiting Milton. The following points explain our rationale behind our strategy and the level of demolition that we deem to be necessary.
Our Approach
This project is named Milton 2.0 because it is intended not to replace Milton, but to relaunch it as a modern day incarnation of what it always could have been for its residents. Our approach involves major demolition projects of most of the existing housing stock and industrial units. Our justification for this transformation of the housing stock is necessary; targets of density, quality and efficiency cannot be met with preservation of the existing stock, and we feel an approach of in-fill development would not deliver the best results for Milton. The housing with some degree of longevity and positivity is kept, but the largely unpopular copy and paste nature of the 1950’s terraces and semi-detached buildings do not fit the needs or desires of most and GHA has outlined them as fit for renewal. Without this removal approach all other aspects of this development would be compromised – from the positioning of the necessary roads for Milton to the types of bocks that can be created for the new varieties of housing that are in demand. With our plan, Milton from a map will still be recognisable, but the character of the site will be vastly different; it will go from dispersed to varying degrees of density, uniform in built style to having a variety of housing types and styles and mostly residential to having more mixed use developments. We argue that though these plans include what some may view as drastic changes and large areas of demolition that this strategy is not that of a planner – razing it to the ground and starting again but it is a major ‘patch-up’ operation – major actions because there are some major obstacles. Arguably any plan for Milton would have to be ‘drastic’. An in-fill or sprawl repair approach would still have difficult road networks, an extremely high area of vacant or derelict land, empty buildings, lack of services and unpopular housing styles to contend with. Anything short of addressing all of these completely would be doing Milton a disservice and would ultimately fail as a project for we feel the success of Milton is contingent on addressing all of these matters absolutely so as to ensure longevity – a half-baked approach will mean this process will come around sooner.
Figure 33 Industrial Area Warehouses
Figure 34 Scaraway Street Flats
Figure 35 Scaraway Street Flats
“The most effective way to destroy people is to deny and obliterate their own understanding of their history” -George Orwell 35
Milton 2.0
Road Network Perhaps the most pertinent issue is Milton’s road network. Throughout every stage of analysis and strategy, among every group, the road network was identified as a problem. Our experience indicates that the existing road network is a cause of many of the sites problems. Access is restricted and the result is a quiet suburb that is insulated from its neighbours and experiences very little through-traffic. To us, fixing this is paramount as no other aspect of regeneration is likely to be truly successful or maximise its potential without this improved infrastructure; shops would suffer without busier main streets, new homes would be considerably less desirable without easy access and attempts to establish new enterprise would be hindered. Every other aspect of the strategy is dependent on a better road network. Wherever possible we have retained existing roads, and our new map is still recognisable as Milton, but we have worked to remove some of the less successful layouts and improve all round access, structure and flow for both vehicles and pedestrians. We have sought to implement new block sizes that are conducive to permeability, avoiding vast swathes of road without breaks. Currently there are several long, shallow blocks, the longest in our site of over half a kilometre. From an urban design perspective this is not successful, with the new road layout our the residential blocks have been shrunk, most to under 100 metres.
Figure 36 Map showing lack of services
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Density and Variety
Increased density in Milton is a priority, and though there is an abundance of vacant and derelict land to be developed, the existing built form is more dispersed that desired and the lack of variety in building styles means that the space is not maximised. The target is to significantly increase Milton’s population and introduce a greater variety of tenure and social class and age. Currently the majority of the housing stock is terraced houses and some flats, overall it is a monotone build environment and a lack of social mix to match. There is little to attract first time buyers, young families or professionals. This kind of diversity is crucial to establishing a different identity for the area. This increased population is hoped to bring greater support and justification for new services and amenities. The way to achieve this will be through increased density. Milton as it stands follows no discernible pattern of density or urban structure with an average density of about 20-30 persons per hectare. Currently it varies from high density areas with multi-storey flats to low density semi-detached and terraces houses amongst empty land. Our primary focus is to install a logical street network with structured densities accordingly - in the case of Milton it is possible to achieve twice the population and density without encroaching on any designated public space - partially because there is only one such space - Milton Park, and partially because of the amount of vacant and derelict land.
Current Population
Social Mix
Population 2050
6600
6600
Current typology Variety
24 000
Proposed Typology Variety
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Milton 2.0
Efficiency Third is efficiency. Overall there is defence of older properties - typically pre-1919 structures are environmentally inefficient but desirable, but this is not applicable to Milton. For most of the research the question is based on environmental impact - is demolishing and replacing inefficient homes more or less impactful than refurbishment and maintenance? Power (2015) concludes that refurbishment of homes is overall less damaging however there is a case for more ‘leaky’ and undesirable homes, with the goal being greater energy efficiency and thus less energy consumption. Much of the housing in Milton is of poor standard and inefficient, some of the early structures were demolished as early as 1997 less than 50 years after their completion and several more units await demolition in dereliction. The governments Decent Home policy outlines that ‘expenditure on decent homes needs to be informed by a good understanding of the housing market – particularly in areas suffering from low housing demand. Where demand for housing is not sustainable in the longterm, demolition of the existing stock may represent a better option than refurbishment; and where wider regeneration is an issue, the delivery of decent homes should form part of a wider strategy for neighbourhood renewal and the creation of mixed sustainable communities.’
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City Development Plan We have looked to Glasgow city policy as well as wider policy and research to support such density goals. One thing that has transpired through this research is that denser living can be conducive to more efficient, cohesive and less environmentally damaging cities - three goals which have been paramount for every group at every stage of this project. Glasgow’s population only stopped declining around the turn of the millennium following a politically, economically and socially troubled past. Now it is on the rise again the City Development Plan anticipates that the number of households in Glasgow will increase 28% in the next 25 years. The report states ‘The Scottish Government is committed to increasing the supply of new housing in Scotland, to accommodate population and household growth, and identifies that the planning system has a key role in delivering on this objective by ensuring that there is an adequate land supply’. For Milton, this land supply is not an issue, and the area should be a focus for this new approach that will be adopted as of 2017. In reality Milton could accommodate a 100% increase in households and still not be considered high density. The document goes on to outline specific guidelines for this development based on area characteristics which is where some of the exiting issues with Milton become problematic. For example; it states that ‘Higher densities will, generally, be appropriate, however, in Outer Urban Areas higher densities (75+) may also be considered in more limited circumstances for specific sites within High Accessibility Outer Urban Areas which form the frontage (including appropriate adjoining blocks) to main public transport routes and/or are located at key gateway or nodal points’ Milton currently meets none of these criteria, however, these are goals outlined by this project and thus the combination of improved road access, higher volumes of traffic and new nodes should justify higher density in what would be classified by the CDP framework as an ‘Outer Urban Area’. The document does also concede, however, that areas of significant change including GHA regeneration areas would be subject to detailed consideration where appropriate and are likely to refer to an individual masterplan for such sites. In essence then it is up to us to justify the case for these major changes in Milton - its new roads and houses and its increased density. The opportunity as well as the possibility to densify is exemplified in that despite, according to ONS figures, Glasgow is the densest city in Scotland (around 30% denser than the next densest city) it also has by far the highest area of vacant and derelict sites. Government figures for 2015 show that Glasgow had 810 hectares of such sites, Edinburgh by comparison had only 82 hectares, and although priority has been put on such sites there is, and will be for a long time, an abundance of empty land.
Taking this further, the Glasgow Indicators Project shows that in Milton the number of people living within 500 metres of a vacant or derelict site is 61% higher than Glasgow’s average. Fundamentally, Glasgow is already dense in the context of Scotland but there is still huge scope for increased density. Denser cities can be greener cities. Figures for Scotland show that the denser the city the more people who use public transport to commute and this trend is generally a rule internationally. As it stands, however Milton cannot facilitate such a lifestyle with its poor infrastructure, though car ownership is below average. With a denser Milton, though, we hope to also achieve greater socioeconomic diversity - more young professionals, young families, first time buyers and a broader spectrum of social classes and with this would come the critical mass to justify better infrastructure that would allow Milton to be a greener neighbourhood. A density of 50 homes per hectare is identified as a minimum sustainable density to support a regular bus service (Power et al., 2004).
Figure 37 Glasgow ‘s Population over time
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Milton 2.0
Green Spaces Quality public space is a priority for Milton, as it currently stands public space is lacking, and those that exist are poorly maintained and under used, probably because the area is underpopulated. Our site contains a new public park located at the southwestern boundary between the canal and St Agnes church. This designated green space of around 1.5 hectares facilitates leisure space, an industrial history museum and acts a welcoming approach to Milton from Balmore Road. This park also forms the beginning of the 20 metre wide canal walkway that heads north with a cycle lane and pedestrian walkway. This focal space is designed to be a city attraction with planned art installations, attractive design through landscaping and planting and new emphasis on the waterfront with steps to the canal for access to boats. Though not entirely ‘green’ it is designed to seamlessly blend the green network paths from the park on Balmore Road up the canal and then east to the node. Along the path public use is reinforced by public buildings facing out onto the canal promenade, encouraging activity. And in the north will be the brewery bar, with broad open beer garden that celebrates its waterside situation and views over the hillside. Its western aspect will enjoy views of afternoon sun and sunset (if it can be seen for the clouds). The brewery and garden is located here to create a destination encourage visitors to make the journey along the canal and into Milton. Here it becomes a crossroads; west heads across the green bridge over the canal to Possil Wildlife Marsh and the national cycle route, north a smaller footpath continues to the countryside and behind the brewery to the east is the new Glentanar Market that will formulate part of our green network and lead cyclists and pedestrians towards our node in the heart of our site. The third notable green space is a bit of a historic feature of Milton’s and one that we do not want to interrupt, but simply incorporate into the public realm and adapt to encourage use. This green strip that runs parallel to Castlebay Street has been a feature since before Milton was constructed into what we know it as today. Its origin is unknown but it was likely a boundary between different land owners. Today it provides a perfect format for a linear park connecting the site from north to south.
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Figure 38 Map outlining public green spaces and the green corridors linking them
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Milton 2.0
Achieving the vision Our plan for Milton focusses on connectivity, diversity, attractiveness, sustainability and quality. This approach is a relaunch, sharing many of its goals with the original Milton – attractive and comfortable housing during a shortage, modern living and an emphasis on community. But the face of Milton will change drastically – Milton will change from a quiet, rural feeling suburb to a dense and buzzing city district like its neighbours with a bustling urban core and varied and attractive housing surrounding it. The increase in population will bring an entirely new atmosphere to the site and enable the social, sustainable and progressive identity that Milton should always have had. With the critical mass to sustain itself Milton will no longer be a forgotten appendix on the periphery of Glasgow but a destination within its own right and self-sufficient in many key respects; not reliant on its neighbours for its services.
Connectivity: Milton’s lack of connectivity is the cause of many of its ills and without addressing it any other aspect of development would suffer. We imagine a Milton that is integrated into the city, somewhere not to be bypassed but a destination and a thoroughfare. We propose a new, permeable road network with access both to and from Milton and within the site. Connectivity goes beyond vehicles, however, and the green network is also crucial for pedestrians and cyclists. Diversity: Milton lacks diversity in building size and style which can be problematic. We imagine a Milton for everyone, families, singles, young and old, but currently, unless a buyer is looking for a 3 bedroom terrace or 2 bedroom flat there is little choice, which means it is not particularly inclusive and likely to discourage newcomers. Attractiveness: Our plan for Milton envisions a greatly increase population, and the site will need to attract new settlers. Milton’s new image can be one to shake off the any stigma surrounding the area and establish a new identity as a successful relaunching of an area that many forgot. Sustainability: Sustainability should be a prerequisite for any modern development, and many strides towards this goal are enacted by law and regulatory standards for buildings, but this benchmark can always be improved across all dimensions of development, not just construction methods but all aspects of life within the site – food production, recycling, green spaces, energy and the materials used. Quality: This point of quality is hugely important and much depends on the achievement of quality in Milton. The lifespan and longevity of this location is dependent on quality and lessons must be learned from mistakes in the past. Extra steps taken at this stage to ensure quality will avoid the costly demolition and regeneration sooner than necessary as some parts of Milton have already seen. Crafting buildings of substance will ensure both the perception and reality of Milton are better this time around. Figure 39 Main objectives for Milton
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FOUNDATION MASTERPLAN
Milton 2.0
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Masterplan
Design Area
Fig. 1:X X:XXX xxx
45
Milton 2.0
Our site is approximately the western third of the overall project site in Milton bounded by the canal and stretching as far east as Raasay Street and spanning the full north to south extent of the boundary. This site was a unanimous group decision because we all see the greatest potential in this section. It is the point at which the most variety of land uses meet to create a diverse intersection between residential, industrial, commercial and leisure spaces. Areas of specific interest that attracted us to this site include: Balmore Industrial Estate This site helps give an identity to Milton that is distinct from merely residential streets. Though it currently has low occupancy the site creates a reason to visit Milton and has an opportunity to become a hub of services for the district. Clyde canal The canal forms Miton’s western boundary and is currently ignored, however, we find the redevelopment of the canal over the past few years very encouraging and think the waterside is a unique asset for Milton. The site has seen little development and has been kept out of the planning process and therefor acts as a barrier between Milton and its neighbours -this should be changed. Eglisay Crescent to Scaraway Street junction We found the street formation here interesting – the quarter circle design creates interest and there is an opportunity to create an attractive public space around Colston Parish Church. This site is also the closest thing existing Milton has to a centre of services and it is well located for an even spread of access across the site as it is fairly central so it makes sense to develop the node here. Moreover, this part forms the intersection between the industrial estate and the wider residential are and can be transformed with a some minor changes to the road network to make it much more permeable developing a new primary thoroughfare for the site. St Agnes Church This is a building of architectural significance and beauty on the edge of the site and is the only old building on the site built circa 1893 and is a true asset to the area. Currently it is not very well integrated into the site and is easily passed by or forgotten – having its access from Balmore Road which forms the boundary of the site. We plan to open the plot up and exhibit the building, framed by a public square to create an appealing entrance to Milton from the west.
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Masterplan
NTS
Figure 40 Design Area in the context of Milton
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Milton 2.0
Balmore Industrial Estate The Balmore Industrial Estate is a unique component of this site, it was the last addition in Milton’s short historical development. It has been created as a detached area with no connection with the rest of the neighbourhood, in fact it can only be accessed from the south by car and following the road going into a loop on the eastern edge of Milton. Moreover, the area acts as a barrier for the nearby Clyde Canal and Possil Marsh to the west, contributing to the isolation of the whole neighbourhood. Although there are several companies in the area, most of them are small. Moreover there is little expansion space for actual growing businesses. Besides the area itself, the environment is of poor quality and poor image,and has some vacant or derelict spaces. These facts make the estate neither attractive for future new businesses nor suitable for existing ones that want to grow. The Balmore Industrial Estate needs to be rethought as part of the neighbourhood. To achieve this, the area will be integrated in the proposed street network, improving the accessibility and new functions will be introduced. An extension of the “Doll Houses” area towards the south and the connection to the street pattern will link the estate to the rest. The estate will be characterised by mixed-use buildings and the most significant productive activities will be kept (Allied Bakeries). The presence of the canal to the west is an opportunity to rethink part of the area for leisure activities and green spaces, adding more variety to the possible functions. (Source: Booklet No. 2 5A, 2016) Currently, the businesses do not integrate into the community, they form a “no go” enclosure that most do not consider part of Milton. As they are not “heavy” industries they could be better positioned in mixed use spaces. We plan to move various successful businesses elsewhere in Milton, outside of our design area as they are currently situated in some of the most valuable and attractive land. We plan to scale down the total industrial space (as demand has shrunk resulting in vacant units) and diversify the unit types to accommodate more varied industry. Some of these sites can be seen in back courts of residential spaces, in line with Jane Jacobs ”eyes on the street” theory of promoting mixed use spaces - industry should no longer be a hidden space that falls dormant on weekends and evenings, it should be part of the urban landscape.
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Masterplan
Figure 41 Industrial area businesses Allied Bakeries
Empty plots to let
Construction Related
Pottery Factory
Freezed food warehouse
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Masterplan
Housing Demand One of the most noticeable changes this plan makes to housing is the diversity of builds. Currently walking around the core of Milton the types of housing that can be seen are largely limited to tenements flats and terraced or semi-detached houses. This not only means a repetitive and uninspired design to behold but it limits the choice and thus the types of residents the area can attracts. The slums might be gone, but the lack of affordable, decent homes, in Scotland today still affects families and individuals across the whole country. • 150,000 on waiting lists and 23,600 on household transfer lists • 43% of Scotland’s social housing falls below Scottish Housing Quality standard • 39% of Scottish households in fuel poverty • 500,000 estimated new houses needed in Scotland in the next 25 years • 44% projected increase in single person households between 2012 and 2035 because of lifestyle changes • 75% increase in those ages 75 and over between 2012 and 2035 (Shelter) In response, the Scottish Government has recently produced its Housing for older people strategy to support changes to care for older people. • 54% reduction of homes built by the private sector between 07/08 and 11/12 Home ownership remains unaffordable for many people. A property is classed as affordable if it costs no more than 3.5 times a person’s annual salary. (UK Department for Communities and Local Government) We estimate that the average property in Scotland costs six times the average salary (Office of National Statistics).
The Scottish Government published its strategy Homes fit for the 21st Century in 2011.24 This sets out its vision to provide an affordable home for all by 2020, although what this means is not defined. It outlines the Scottish Government’s priorities for the next ten years including the need to build more energy-efficient homes. The strategy highlights the challenges the country faces and sets out the government’s approach. It focuses on: • increasing the number of new homes in Scotland • improving the quality and energy efficiency of existing homes • giving people more choice about the type of home they live in. Assessing how many private, council and RSL homes are needed for the future, what type are needed and where, is difficult as it depends on many factors which are liable to change. Projections on the number of households Scotland will have in the future are based on assumptions such as future migration and birth rate. there is no comprehensive information on housing needs of people with disabilities. There is no consistent information on the number of people living in unsuitable accommodation. There is also a lack of accurate information on the number of people needing and waiting for a council or RSL home. Although each council with housing stock and some RSLs have waiting lists, they contain an element of double counting and are not routinely reviewed, so they can include people who no longer need or want a council or RSL home. To summarise, redeveloping Milton is not just desirable - it is necessary. Scotland needs mode homes, and Milton needs to be dense
Figure 42 Chart showing the housing shortage in the UK and the recent reduction in housing completions and shortage of affordable homes
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Milton 2.0
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Masterplan
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Figure 43 Current Concept Plan
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Milton 2.0
Masterplan
Analysing the Design Area
Fig. X: xxx
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Masterplan
Site Issues Permeability
The connections to the industrial estate are very limited, therefore making this area a seldom used part of Milton. Located in the eastern part of Milton, it is directly connected to the Clyde Canal. The lack of links to the industrial area drastically reduces the access to the canal bank, a feature from which Milton could potentially benefit massively. This existing separation requires a solution if in the future the desire were to improve the connectivity between the east and the west. Increasing the permeability to the industrial estate will not only create a more lively place for Milton but it will also tie this area to the wider community bringing more opportunities and activities to its inhabitants.
Fig. X: xxx
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Figure 44 Lack of connectivity between residential and industrial area
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Milton 2.0
Vacant | Derelict Land The industrial zone amounts to roughly 22 Ha with vast areas of vacant and derelict land. In order to increase the overall density in Milton it is crucial to redevelop some of the vacant areas rather then treating them as open spaces. The area does not lack green open spaces and although it is essential for a well functioning community to provide green spaces for its inhabitants, it is equally as important to provide good quality housing and to use vacant land to connect the residential part of Milton to the industrial estate and beyond.
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Figure 45 Areas of vacant and derelict land
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Masterplan
Barriers The separation between Milton is not only due to it’s lack of connectivity but also due to physical / natural barriers that prevent easy access to the industrial estate. A strip of landscape signals the change of function between the the residential and industrial zone. This green strip has been preserved since the early days of Milton and arguably this has always acted as a barrier between two separate areas. Once the “Doll Houses� have been developed this landscape strip has extended along the bottom of these newly developed housing, further deepening the existing barriers. Topography has also played a crucial role in the barriers that have kept these two areas from merging successfully. The map in Fig. XXX shows the topography that prevented more connections to the Industrial Estate. The canal bank acts as a barrier between Milton and Possil Marsh. Although both banks provide informal cycling routes the access from one side to the other is practically impossible. Moreover the current state of the canal bank is far from attractive and actually deters people from visiting it.
Fig. X: xxx
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Figure 46 Lack of connectivity between residential and industrial area
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Milton 2.0
Clyde Canal The Clyde Canal can potentially become a fantastic feature of Milton, however in its current state it feels more like a forgotten place with no daily functions or activities. The lack of connections across the canal makes it difficult for locals to access Possil Marsh by foot or by bike. The Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan (FCCAP) which is a regeneration policy aims to redevelop this area of the canal focusing mainly on health, sustainability, transport, diversity and connections with nature (Booklet No.2 Strategy). To regenerate the canal, focus should fall on improving connection with Milton through a better developed cycling route, mixed use functions and a higher density can transform the Clyde Canal into an active component of the community .
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Figure 47 The Clyde Canal disconnected from Milton
Masterplan
Land Use Overall within Milton there is very little variety in functions, most of the area being populated with residential housing. However the design area that we chose, although it has more variety in terms of use, it closely follows the model of �single use� (Euclidian zoning) city, which is a urban planning tool that divides the city into residential, commercial and industrial areas. It is widely known that single use developments create problems such as urban sprawl, urban decay and racial and socioeconomic segregation, all of which can have negative and long term impacts on the quality of life. A vast area of the chosen design area is occupied by industrial developments and residential units each separated from each other through the previously mentioned physical barriers. The site includes two churches (St. Agnes Church and Colston Parish Church) but these are not able to create an active public realm around them due to their locations. Moreover, Miltonbank Primary School is located in the northern part of the site and it is surrounded by residential houses, making the school almost hidden from the public realm.
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Fig. X: xxx Figure 48 Lack of connectivity between residential and industrial area
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Milton 2.0
Flooding Discovered in the Analysis and Strategy phases, Milton and its surrounding green areas are flood risk zones. Our site has flood risk zones in the north east near the Tower Blocks and extending down our eastern site boundary, in the south west boundary and along the bank of the canal. As a result we are considering ways on this side of the site to reduce the impact of flooding using SUDs.
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Figure 49 Areas of flooding
Masterplan
Strategic Plan The strategic plan developed for our design area focuses on the various steps and approaches that can be taken in order to solve the identified issues and problems that the site is currently facing. With this in mind, the following section illustrates the main components that went into the final strategic plan.
Fig. X: xxx
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Milton 2.0
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Masterplan
New developments Trying to tackle the problems of vast amount of vacant and derelict land, new developments are being proposed in these areas to patch up ruptures in the urban fabric. Also, new developments are proposed in the areas that are currently occupied by empty industrial warehouses and deposits. Functioning businesses would be more prosperous if they would be located all over Milton as more people would be able to access them. Replacing current housing would happen in later phases of the regeneration of this are when the house are no longer desirable or suitable for the needs of “Miltoners�.
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Figure 50 Areas for new developments
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Milton 2.0
Strengthened connections
The connection between the residential parts of Milton and the canal is strongly conditioned by the existence of Balmore Industrial Estate. Improved connections that will allow people to freely move within the indusrial area cna significantly improve the way the canal is used and perceived. These connection with the residential part of Milton would act as a suture that would tie Milton to its historical canal. The most important connections can easily be made from Castlebay Street as there are already some informal paths that can be upgraded so that they can be used byt pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles. Just as important is the connections that can be strensthened between the “Doll Houses� and its surrounding. Currently a successful development, it sits isolated in the north-west part of Milton completely detached from other areas. New connections that open up the canal to the community will be an important addition to Milton as the canal will catalyse the development of the surroundings and attract investors as well as new residents which is highly desireable.
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Figure 51 Areas that can support better connections
Masterplan
Environmental Connectors The environmental network is key for Milton to ensure a pleasant environment and that residents have options for commuting. The key axes of travel are permeated with cycle routes between all major centres and buildings. The intention is to create a green network for sustainable transport that the government policy seeks to achieve- this helps to reach targets for emissions. These connections reach deeper into Milton than before, accessing the centre and north which are currently secluded. The routes compliment the path of activity that this masterplan implements – encouraging activity on the waterfront and then along the primary route of Glentanar Road which feeds into the node at Colston Church Square then into the rest of Milton beyond the site.
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Figure 52 Environmental connectors
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Milton 2.0
Transversal connections This masterplan includes 2 primary routes – intended to be the arterial routes these selections should keep the majority of traffic away from residential areas and highlight the intended main passageway through Milton – unlike the current road network. As it stands crossing east to west is a convoluted challenge, now two primary routes through Milton link the city’s arterial routes of Kirkintilloch Road and Blamore Road. The existing cut-off design is the reason that no traffic passes through Milton from these roads, so opening these connections up should solve this and encourage the desired through-traffic that Milton needs to sustain new services.
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Figure 53 Environmental connectors
Strategic Plan Overview The new developments are shown in the shape of red bound blocks with red dots. These are the transformation areas for this development. In contrast, the dark red striped areas which include Allied Bakeries’, The Dolls Houses and the Scaraway and Castlebay tower blocks are the conservation areas within the site. Dark blue arrows signify improved connectivity within the site, for example the “Dolls Houses” having greater connectivity to the industrial estate and an improved connection between the industrial area and the residential area of Milton. The green arrows show the green environment links, such as north of the “Dolls Houses” landscaping and trees will be used to aesthetically mask and shield the neighbourhood streets from the impact of the SP Energy Network Lambhill Electricity Substation that is currently undergoing an expansion that will completely cover the land immediately north of the Dolls Houses by the first quarter of 2018. (SP Energy Networks) In addition the tower blocks are to be landscaped in the green strategy to allow for a better transition into the green belt in the north. The historical green edge that run adjacent to Castlebay Street will be maintained and landscaped to allow for a new road link between Glentanar Road and Castlebay Street. The green network will see a new cycle and pedistrian bridge added to the north west of Milton that connects a new linear park and public space to the Possil Marsh Nature Reserve. Furthermore, a second bridge for pedestrians near the south of the canal in our site will connect pedestrians from Glentanar road into the nature reserve as well. The industrial strategy focuses on the development of a new brewery that works in close connection with the bakery and a farmer’s market adjacent to Glentanar Road, together forming a triangle of activity. In addition a farmers market on the Linear Park adjacent to Glentanar Road in the north will form a Triangle of Activity. This will utilise other community initiatives in Milton such as the orchard. The canal is a vital part of the strategy too as it forms an important transportation link for people and for goods and produce such as bread, fruit and beer to other parts of Glasgow. The canal is also used for the hiring of kayaks and rowboats. The green cycle lanes will connect cyclists in Milton to Glasgow but also via the national cycle way to Edinburgh. The two churches on our site will be the location of two new public spaces. St Agnes Church in the south west will anchor a new public square that will be opposite to a canal side public green space. Colston Church will be at the centre of a new public square in the north of east of the site and also home to the northern node in the MIlton 2.0 masterplan. There will be two main transversal road connections through Milton. Liddesdale Road will be extended through to Balmore Road. Glentanar Road will be connected to Scaraway Street in the north of the Milton. These new connections will allow better connectivity between Maryhill, Bishopbriggs, Possilpark and Springburn. Our site better connected to the rest of Milton and Milton to the rest of Glasgow.
Figure 54 Initial strategic sketches
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Figure 55 Strategic Plan
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Sustainable Strategy Industrial Symbiosis & Cyclic Economy
The canal offers an enormous opportunity as a transport route for trade. Using the canal as a transport route has many advantages such as reducing the use of lorries and other vehicles on the roads thus reducing congestion, and more activity along the canal and making new connections in the city. The creation of links between waste by-products of one industry between the resources of another industry is the key to create a more sustainable future for the Milton. Milton has an opportunity to be at the forefront of such a cyclical economy in Glasgow. Being the largest tenant in the Balmore Industrial Estate, Allied Bakeries provides a great opportunity and Milton 2.0 proposes a link up between the bakery and the new canal side micro brewery. Moreover, the canal allows for the bakery to transport freshly baked bread into Glasgow and beyond. Immediately down the canal, the Guinea Environmental Plant is currently a tire recycling facility, it could be expanded to incorporate a wide range of environmental waste disposal and recycling services. This will allow Milton industries to environmentally dispose of their waste. The bakery will not just be a place for work but also where locals and visitors to milton can visit to learn about the bread making and baking process and stop by the bake shop within the bakery and sample freshly baked items.
Yeast Reuse
Bakeries produce a large amount of excess yeast as waste. The excess yeast produced does not need to be wasted and could be delivered across Glentanar Road to the new microbrewery where it could can be used in the fermentation process to make Milton’s own craft beer. The microbrewery will have a beer garden facing out onto the canal and canal side promenade. Locals and visitors to Milton can visit the micro brewery and take a tour of the facility and of course enjoy a lovely cold pint sitting out in the beer garden taking in the beauty of the canal and Possil Marsh. With one microbrewery currently in Dennistoun, Drygate could be an ideal stakeholder that is looking to expand into other regions of Glasgow. The microbrewery has a key link in the sustainable Milton 2.0. The spent yeast from the brewery can be distributed around Milton. The community garden, community orchard and the new allotments to the east of the Bakery can use spent yeast as a fertiliser for composting, increasing moisture and nutrients in garden soil. Additionally, the yeast can also be added to the compost pile and increase heat and the rate of decomposition. Adding yeast to wormeries (which produce compost) can increase worm growth and the quantity and quality of worm compost. Making the most of Glasgow’s weather; rain harvesting is being proposed in our site as a means for sustainable irrigation.
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Figure 56 Beer production ingredient diagram
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The new Glentanar Gardens Market on weekends is where we propose that (along with other local and regional market sellers) the community garden and orchard as well as allotment owners can sell their fresh organic produce in the style of a “farmers market”. The visitors and most importantly residents of Milton can taste the product and result of sustainability and experience the success of such a cyclical economy. In addition for Milton’s children they learn about gardening and healthy eating as well as how sustainability can be fun and enjoyable. The bakery and brewery produce huge amount of excess heat via chimneys, ovens, fermentation, beer tanks and as well as heat from computer servers. Waste heat from the industrial zone could be captured to heat water to provide the homes around the industrial site with hot water. A heat recovery exchange units will be subterraneously located near the adjacent homes to the industrial site. As the hot gas flows around the pipes water is heated so that when the water leaves the heat exchange it will be adequately warm for swimming. This cycle continues. Households will benefit from central heat provided by waste industrial heat as the source, reducing the cost of central heating for the residents. The Milton 2.0 industrial strategy aims to be progressive economic venture, set a precedent for other regions of Glasgow and to aspire to be a key part of the city’s economy.
Figure 57 Sustainable cyclic economic strategy diagram
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Wort Recovery Special machines can be installed to circulate wort over the whirlpool during wort transfer from wort to kettle, it is possible this way to recover 99% of the wort. This brings tremendous advantages such as: less time is needed for whirlpool cleaning, decrease in the amount of water consumed plus recovered wort that can safely be reintroduced in the brewing process. (Source: Juam Jurado and Henning Sorensen, Towards zero waste in beer production)
Beer Recovery Using a centrifugal separator, the surplus of yeast is separated from the surplus of beer. The beer, if it is of good quality it can be recovered while the yeast resulting is concentrated. This process reduces the the volume of the surplus of yeast by 30 to 50 %; a similar amount of beer can also be recovered. Although it can be expensive to install such a device, the amount of beer recovered means an additional 6 million 330 ml bottles for each million hectolitres of beer capacity per year. Spent Yeast amount to 2 to 4 % of the of the beer produces and 2 to 3 % of the total volume of this can be recovered and further used for different processes. The value of the recovered beer from the spent yeast can rise up to about 500-700 EURO million per year.
Spent Yeast During fermentation, a substantial amount of yeast is left behind. For example, if one litre of yeast in added to 100 litres of wort, the quantity of yeast will be 40 times greater at the end of the fermentation stage (KUNZE). Therefore, the resulting amount of yeast constitutes a big challenge. Part of this can be reused in another batch of wort, but most of the time breweries just choose to put this down the drain. This means that a large amount of foreign material in introduces to the water which consequently can lead to problems regarding sanitation and plumbing issues. Although not a widely common practice, yeast can be used as a cattle feed and human nutrition supplement. (Source: Juam Jurado and Henning Sorensen, Towards zero waste in beer prodction)
Spent Grain and Hops Up to 45 % dry matter content can be achieved in spent grain through mechanical centrifugal separation. This would allow the brewery to deliver this by-product to biomass power plants which not only brings revenue to the brewery but also contributes to a sustainable energy production. Spent grain and hops once de-watered it can be sold to stockowners as nutritional feed. Alternatively it can be used as a medium for growing mushrooms or grown earthworms for feed. When this cycle has completed and the usefulness for the mushrooms and earthworms has diminished, these can be turned into Biochar which is a negative material that stores CO2 and is a valuable soil amendment.
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Brewery Effluent Recovery The amount of water that does not go into the final beer or has not evaporated is called “brewery effluent”. The amount of wastewater differs from brewery to brewery depending on their efficiency. A rule of thumb indicates that generally at least half of all the water used in the brewing process is left behind as a byproduct. The resulted brewery effluent contains beer, wort residue, caustic and acid cleaners, yeast, adhesives and numerous other soluble and insoluble matter. If this is release into streams, groundwater and municipal supplies can have hazardous consequences. Therefore it is paramount for breweries to first treat the brewery effluent before releasing it back into the environment. Two methods can be adopted for this process: aerobic and anaerobic treatment. During the aerobic treatment, air is introduced into the waste water and decomposition of the substances by micro-organisms. On the other hand, anaerobic treatment is carried out without the presence of air and it has the added benefit that it does not require external energy input. This method however is able to supply energy in the form of combustible methane. If the brewery has the proper equipment this can be used to provide electricity, hence lowering the electricity consumption (Source: Juam Jurado and Henning Sorensen, Towards zero waste in beer production)
CO2 Capturing During the fermentation process, yeast eliminates significant amounts of carbon dioxide, which plays a significant part in our atmosphere. Although its role is not positive as in 2012 CO2 accounted for more than 80% of the anthropogenic (human-caused) greenhouse gases according to Environmental Protection Agency. However, contrary to humans and and animals, plants take in CO2 and eliminate O2 as a beneficial by-product into the atmosphere. Algae is known to convert twice as much CO2 as their final mass (citation). Therefore the CO2 captured from the fermentation stage of brewing can be used to feed alage. Once the algae’s reached its full maturity, this can be harvested and turned into a Omega-2 oil alternative. Omega-3 oils derived from algae are considered to be better than the regular fish oil, as unfortunately nowadays our highly polluted lakes, rivers and oceans endanger the health of fish. Upsole Brewing Company In Boulder, Colorado is one of the breweries that takes seriously measurable steps towards becoming a green brewery, They harvest CO2 to feed algae. Recently they experimented with using the deep green colour of algaes to create biodegradable ink. This way the brewery, spares the environment of harmful COS, helps algae flourish and contributes to producing sustainable products such as sustainable ink. (Source: Juam Jurado and Henning Sorensen, no date)
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Transport and Distribution Often forgotten, but a vital step into achieving a sustainable brewery is the transportation and distribution of the freshly packed beer. Selling on the brewery’s premises would be the most environmentally friendly option but this works for small breweries. If and when the brewery produces more and starts growing, a way to distribute their products has to be put in place. One option would be self-distribution; this would allow brewers to present and sell their beer in a favourable light, create a connection with the public and also make a statement about the brewery’s vision about sustainability. Brewers might want to invest in vehicles that run on clean biofuels, hence minimizing the impact on the environment. However, Milton benefits from close proximity to the Clyde Canal that has been used for delivering of goods for years. Therefore, the proposed brewery in Milton can take advantage of this and distribute their beer on water as this runs directly into the city. (Boden, 2012)
Packaging A wide range of materials are used by breweries to pack their final products. These range from serving directly form a stainless steel tank, to kegs, bottles and cans. Costs of shipping vary according to package weights, therefore it makes sense for the brewery to opt for a lightweight packaging. It is common for breweries to opt for stainless steel kegs but plastic kegs are also available today. While taking into account the benefits these present in term of weight, one must acknowledge the impact these materials have on the environment. A practice that has longed died, is that of returnable containers. This spares the energy input that is required to produce new containers. The used containers would be returned by the customer to a nearby / local store from where these were picked up by the producer. However, this approach requires people to have a general awareness of the benefits of refuse as well as incentives. A potential scenario would require setting up a drop off point and time at local shops where people could take their used containers and in return they would be compensated the client and retain the recyclable container until the producer would pick them up. A less likely scenario would require the customer to return the used containers directly to the brewery and receive monetary or product reimbursement. These techniques can potentially build customer awareness and also create brand loyalty in the customer. (Boden, 2012)
Figure 58 Transportation and distribution of beer
This science may seem complicated or overwhelming but in essence Allied Bakeries has massive potential to be a catalyst for green development and Milton’s new identity as a cyclical economy.
Figure 59 Reuse of packaging
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Figure 60 Cyclic Economy Strategy
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Density The following sections will introduce and explain the various components that build the concept plan Density is an issue for Milton; it is not dense enough and there is currently no discernible density pattern to highlight land use or nodes. Our foundation masterplan remedies this with two distinct density concentrations around the centres of services where they should be, and generally graduating densities lower the farther from the centre they are. This reflects the intended nature and atmosphere of the streets – highest density sites are to be busier roads with a noticeably urban feel and a built-up environment. At the other end of the scale, the least densely built areas will have building typologies to match – larger homes with more generous plots – and street formations to match with fewer passing vehicles and a more suburban and family orientated feeling. By addressing the density issue in Milton it will increase to population to support services and ensure Milton and Glasgow as a whole are more sustainable places. And using densities to highlight neighbourhood centres it should ensure that services reach the critical mass that they need to thrive whilst purely residential areas can maintain a quiet and safe environment. Following on from each members’ strategy plan a priority for Milton is a higher population which is hoped to bring greater support and justification for new services and amenities. The way to achieve this will be through increased density. We want to significantly increase the population of Milton to over 20 000 people which means increasing the density. Milton as it stands follows no discernible pattern of density or urban structure with an average density of about 20-30 persons per hectare. Currently it varies from high density areas with multi-storey flats to low density semi-detached and terraces houses amongst empty land. Our primary focus is to install a logical street network with structured densities accordingly - in the case of Milton it is possible to achieve twice the population and density without encroaching on any designated public space - partially because there is only one such space - Milton Park, and partially because there is such an abundance of vacant and derelict land.
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Figure 63 ProposedDensity High Density
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Nodes We have chosen 2 nodes. Our first is located on the south-western end of Glentanar Road. This location was chosen as with a minor new road alteration it feeds traffic directly off of Balmore Road, the busy thoroughfare to the west that is an arterial route for Glasgow commuters but currently circumvents Milton entirely. This site forms part of an entirely new face for Milton; A new public square around the beautiful St Agnes Church, a large public park where there is currently empty unmaintained land on the canal side and the new canal walkway combine to create a broad public space that celebrates walkability and the advantageous setting on the canal and the edge of the city. The second node is positioned on Scaraway Street where it starts on Eglisay Crescent. This location was chosen for its centrality – providing an even spread of services across Milton and ensuring accessibility. Our new road hierarchy passes traffic on the highest priority road through the node, supplying passing trade for the outlets. Again, this area forms a centre of services with Mitonbank Primary School, planned retail units and a new landscaped public space and pedestrianised zone next to Colston Parish Church – all of which demarcate a distinct public centre and concentration of life and activity.
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Figure 64 Lack of nodes in Milton
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Road Network Milton’s existing road hierarchy is mostly inconsequential to the urban form as it stands as the levels of traffic are such that there is little distinction between road hierarchy. This masterplan incorporates 2 main roads to boost through traffic and supply fast access in and out of Milton. The first starts on Balmore Road near the canal crossing with a short new section of road that links Balmore to Glentanar Road near Allied Bakeries. This road then continues along the existing network and then a new road section connects to the existing Eglisay Crescent and out to Scaraway Street which will lead directly to Bishopbriggs. With these two small sections of new road it solves the entrenched east-west permeability issues in Milton and invites traffic through Milton, not around it. The second of the main roads again creates an obvious route through Milton with just one minor change. Currently the Balmore Road to Strathmore Road is the primary access to Balmore Industrial Estate and is mostly separated from the residential areas of Milton. This street is connected with Liddesdale Road – currently one of the top of Milton’s road hierarchy – and makes the road considerably less convoluted. Liddesdale Road is a long and straight stretch of road running east-west but its usefulness is hindered by confusing accesses in and out at either end – by simplifying these it will make the status of this road as a high traffic volume through-road evident.
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Figure 65 Lack of significant street connections
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Figure 66 Existing Street Hierarchy Local Main Street
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Figure 67 Proposed Street Hierarchy Urban Main Street
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Environmental Network The green network is an important part of modern urban developments and a well-designed network can have a considerable bearing on the attractiveness and success of an area. We want to ensure residents have an excellent quality infrastructure should they choose to cycle or walk, so our green network follows similar principles to our road network; it connects Milton east and west directly in a way that has never been done before and it enables fast circulation within Milton itself. A priority also has been linking the green network with the wider city infrastructure – for this the canal path is incredibly useful and provides access to the city centre and out to the countryside. Wherever possible our green network maintains some seclusion from roads with the hope to achieve a natural and relaxed atmosphere with safety away from vehicles. It takes advantage of the canal park and the green spaces throughout the site, for example the broad green areas on Castlebay Street and Glentanar Street south of the Doll’s Houses. It is hoped that this network will help in making strides towards sustainability goals, neighbourhood safety, reduce car-dependence and boost social inclusion through the provision of facilities for those without access to a car. An important aspect of the green network is the construction of 2 new bridges across the canal. One footbridge and one green bridge will help to stitch the community into the urban fabric of north Glasgow. It helps link Milton to national cycle route 75 which is better surfaced than the path on Milton’s side of the canal and it creates more direct access to Possil Wildlife Marsh, encouraging its integration with the surrounding settlements.
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Figure 68 Proposed Green “bridges” to tie Milton into the Green infrastructure
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Figure 69 Existing environmental network Green Spaces
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Figure 70 Proposed environmental network Green Spaces
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Public Transport Bus routes benefit from an improved road network with main roads permeating right through the site allowing for bus routes that were not possible previously. By doing so it is hoped that Milton’s transportation issue will be alleviated. Bus travel is one of the most accessible, popular and efficient methods in the city and its use should be made convenient enough so as to encourage its use and make strides towards emissions and sustainability goals in line with government targets. This bus network is also of real benefit for young residents who in their free time want to explore further afield, and it will deliver regular and more direct routes to services outside of Milton – the destinations that currently many people in Milton rely on for shops and services. These journeys however, we hope, will be reduced by giving Milton more services of its own. Our site makes no changes to railway networks or stations. The logical positioning for a new railway station does not fall within the boundary of our site; the existing railway lines pass Milton to the south (Possil and Parkhouse Station is less than 400 metres from the southern boundary of our site) and to the east where other groups within the studio have proposed railway stations and 2 of our 4 strategy groups proposed a railway station. With such proposals Milton would become a much more accessible destination by rail. Criticism of the seclusion of the northern section of Milton and its distance from railway stations was noted in the analysis phase of this project, however Milton is not an inner-city district with a population or demographics to support major revisions to the existing rail network, nor is there an obvious or unobtrusive route for a new line to serve the area. But with the existing station and a new line in the east it will easily be of a comparable standard of access to rail to other districts around the city. The only cycling route that can be identified in Milton is the cycling path that runs along both sides of the canal. However this does not tie Milton into the wider scheme making cycling connections weak and inconsistent, thus further isolating Milton from neighbouring communities. The proposed cycling network focuses on solving the previously mentioned problems by re-developing the informal cycling path along the canal. This will attract cycling enthusiasts towards the western part of Milton and will enable them to use new tracks that lead to Falkirk, Edinburgh, Maryhill, Glasgow City Centre and ultimately Possil Marsh Nature Life Reserve. New cycling friendly streets will be introduces within Milton to facilitate movement and hopefully “welding” Mitlon together.
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Figure 72 Proposed Public Transport Infrastructure Existing railway station
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Important Vistas The site’s topography offers the potential to create certain vistas at points. There are four key vistas we hope to achieve in our site The first vista takes in the view of Possil Marsh from the north of the industrial site (Glentanar Road). This would be an ideal axis on the green network connection from our site into the Nature reserve, Similarly the second vista point looks over the canal into Possil Marsh nature reserve from the south of the industrial site. This portion of Glentanar Road also lends itself to being a key axis of the green network to connect the south of our site with Possil Marsh. The corner of Castlebay Street and Liddesdale Road due to its topographical height offers spectacular views towards the green edge and Campsie Fells framed by the urban fabric of the Castlebay Street. The fourth vista is one of a gradual reveal as you move along Scaraway Street you will start to see Colston Church anchoring its square. Moreover the path along Scaraway Street also allow views towards the north of the site, the tower blocks and the Campsie Fells in the distance. The fifth vista, at the base of the tower blocks looking north offers breathtaking views of Campsie Fells. The landscaping that is proposed around tower blocks must be sympathetic so that is reverse the current harsh transition between the tower blocks and the green belt.
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Figure 73 Possible Vistas
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Figure 74 Vista 1
Figure 75 Vista 2
Figure 76 Vista 3
Figure 77 Vista 4
Figure 78 Vista 5
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Confirmation | Transformation Area The foundation masterplan indicates areas of conservation and areas of transformation as well as individual buildings that remain even if their plot or surrounding area changes significantly. This is not an approach that perhaps a planner would take and start Milton again from the ground-up, regardless of any existing features. This would be of great detriment to the existing residents we feel, compromising their sense of identity, and ultimately would be very wasteful. Key assets of Milton have been identified and our plan has used them as anchors for future development.
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Figure 79 Confirmation - Transformation Buildings Transformation
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1. St Agnes Roman Catholic Church:
This is a striking building and the only 19th century architecture within the site. Our plan incorporates this site as an attractive entrance to Milton and a public space with a built form that celebrates the buildings beauty as a part of the neighbourhood, not sealing it off a part of the neighbouring area as it currently is.
2. Allied Bakeries
This site is so large that it dictates the formation of the streets and blocks that surround it, and ideally it would be repositioned elsewhere in Milton, on less desirable land that does not hold so much potential for great residential use. It is a great anchor business for the area and any industry in the area should be encouraged, so it remains. Other existing businesses occupy much smaller units that sit around Balmore Industrial Estate among many vacant units, these are to be relocated to free up the land for reconfiguration and increased density.
Figure 80 St. Agnes Catholic Church
3. ”Doll’s Houses “
This development has developed a distinctive identity from Milton, appearing both on a map and in person to be some form of appendix to Milton, sitting on its very edge, separated by green space with a distinct design language and street formation. The sites insulation is not ideal and we intend to dissolve the boundaries but it may have helped with their success. The development was built later, completed in 1965, and the houses have a larger, and ultimately more desirable design that has helped establish its independent identity and earn its name as the ‘Doll’s Houses’ to locals.
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Figure 81 Scaraway Towers
High rise flats fell out of favour not long after they were implemented in Glasgow but attitudes and policy are changing, with many of the remaining ones being salvaged with renovations and refurbishments. The 6 towers in Milton recently saw some investment and are described as ‘popular’ by Gordon Barbour. For these reasons it would not make economic sense to demolish them for the foreseeable future, certainly not within the 30 year timeframe of this project.
5. Miltonbank Primary School
Schools in the area are absolutely necessary, and all of the existing ones should remain, including Miltonbank which is the only one within our site boundary. The plot fits well within the existing block and requires no major changes so does not interfere with any of our proposals.
6. Colston Parish Church
Figure 82 Miltonbank Primary
This building is the existing centre point of the western residential side of Milton and makes an attractive focal point. Removing it would change the character of the area drastically and the existing road formation (that will remain though altered slightly for improved permeability) frames the plot well and lends itself to becoming a public space (as we have planned)
7. Various Dwellings
On the site there has been numerous pockets of development independent of the local authority as well as some buildings that were present before the major development in Milton – mainly detached houses. These sites remain because they are typically of a high standard and are not obstacles to any proposed developments.
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Figure 83 Colston Church
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Formulating the Foundation Masterplan This phase involved taking all the analysis and information we had gathered about Milton and translating it into a plan of changes for the site. “We need to work on that fixed spatial features generate centrality and attractivity: Identify them, measure them, see how they interact. Start from there.’ (S. Porta, 2016) Road network was key. This took priority and largely dictated the bulk of the formation of the rest of the components. Permeability and a more grid-like system with manageable block sizes were the paramount goals. Then we looked to block formation to build up the fabric of the site, considering nodes and service provision. Following this we mapped out the green spaces and green network, ensuring the space was attractive, sustainable and not dominated by built form.
Figure 84 Development sketches
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Figure 85 Foundation Masterplan
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Street Transformation Perhaps the most pertinent issue is Milton’s road network. Throughout every stage of analysis and strategy, among every group, the road network was identified as a problem. Our experience indicates that the existing road network is a cause of many of the sites problems. Access is restricted and the result is a quiet suburb that is insulated from its neighbours and experiences very little through-traffic. To us, fixing this is paramount as no other aspect of regeneration is likely to be truly successful or maximise its potential without this improved infrastructure; shops would suffer without busier main streets, new homes would be considerably less desirable without easy access and attempts to establish new enterprise would be hindered. Every other aspect of the strategy is dependent on a better road network. Wherever possible we have retained existing roads, and our new map is still recognisable as Milton, but we have worked to remove some of the less successful layouts and improve all round access, structure and flow for both vehicles and pedestrians. We have sought to implement new block sizes that are conducive to permeability, avoiding vast swathes of road without breaks. Currently there are several long, shallow blocks, the longest in our site of over half a kilometre. From an urban design perspective this is not successful, with the new road layout our the residential blocks have been shrunk, most to under 100 metres.
Figure 87 Existing Castlebay Street
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Figure 86 Initial street sections
Figure 88 Proposed Castlebay Street
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Figure 90 Existing Street Network Urban Main Street
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Figure 89 Map showing the transformation of the street layout Existing Street
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Local Urban Code The following section details the Local Urban Code framework which helped formulate the basic structure of this masterplan.
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Introduction to Local Urban Code “The Local Urban Code is essentially a reference guide for good urban form; a unique and extremely useful tool detailing technical information on a diverse range of building types and forms, appropriately divided according to street type and density. Plot height, plot size and shape, and the extent to which a building is offset from the street are all built characteristics that typically change between areas of different densities and long different types of streets. Extracting meaningful and relevant examples will go some way in allowing our designs to reflect not only local standards, but also in attempting to emulate ‘good’ built form and avoid recreating ‘bad’ built form.” (LUC, 214) We used the Local Urban Code to explain the density details of our masterplan. With 3 sample blocks the following section will use the methods set out by LUC to identify appropriate block characteristics, looking to successful examples of the sort of areas and atmospheres we seek to achieve. Examples of high, medium and low density show the spectrum of built form in the masterplan and how the qualities of a block respond to demands. Each block is explained in terms of size, density and its built form. The densities are designed to respond to the nature of the block – how it will be used- and the level of activity it will see. “Every decision must be undertaken in the light of a complete and realistic understanding of the social and environmental implications of the project, that never and under no circumstance can be done lightly and without a thorough evidence based approach. It is important to never forget that this code is by no means a formal guide.” (A.Feliciotti, 2012)
How we used it
The Local Urban Code provided a platform for quantitative analysis of Milton. Through it we could profile the density and urban form of Milton and explain in numbers the changes that we want to make. It has been used to take samples of areas of transformation and demonstrating how the block changes in shape, plots, access and built form. By doing so we gained an understanding of urban forms in an analytical sense – what works and what does not work. We were warned off making blocks overly long as increases journey times for pedestrians. We learned the most appropriate positioning of buildings and accesses to accommodate business units to ensure they were located on the busiest streets. And we learned about setbacks and circulations; setting up a street appropriately to reflect its use and level of activity. LUC was also useful for the identification of precedents and comparable areas by using the bank of ready-assessed locations around Glasgow, or by using the formula to calculate new ones for ourselves. The value of this is in its ability to direct us to appropriate examples of block formations, ensuring that the building types and plot arrangements were suitable for the area in question, for example, the busiest and most urban point in our site should have taller, denser buildings, typically flats, have minimal or no setbacks or gardens and use ground floor space for commercial or retail units. Likewise, the most residential areas would typically seek to have more dispersed built form such as detached homes and have notably more open space and garden area per unit. The result, hopefully, is a logical urban formation that has distinct change between areas of different activity, population and land use. Density mimics the level of public activity and road hierarchies and the building types should mirror this.
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High Density Example Density: High (Block C06) Node/Local High Street
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Density: High (Block C06) Node/Local High Street
Scaraway Street represents the highest density of our proposed new developments. This is one of two nodes within the site that will form focal centres of density and activity so we looked to established and successful examples on which to base the built form and density targets. This will be the most urban feeling section with high footfall and passing traffic. This is reflected in the high density, buildings on the main road being built to the street front with no setback and the tallest of the new buildings – 5 storey flats. This routes priority and role as a node is demonstrated by the broader pavements to accommodate high volumes of pedestrians and the active frontages of retail and commercial units. Change in road hierarchy is evident on the streets leading off the main road with a change in building typology and height (to 3 storey terraced houses) and buildings being set back off the street edge. This most urban of blocks would attract young professionals, students and singles.
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Great Western Road, Glasgow, Scotland
The comparable example here is the corner of Great Western Road and Belmont Street near Kelvinbridge. This is a historic and affluent district of Glasgow and is part of one of the cities longest, busiest and best-established nodes which may seem ambitious for Milton, but there are several characteristics that can be mimicked to achieve success. The distinction between main road and neighbourhood road is seen in the housing typology and the street frontage. Active frontages line the main road of Great Western Road, then turning the corner into neighbourhood streets some of the buildings are set back and the building height and typology decreases. Our block lines the primary route with the tallest blocks of flats, reserving terraced townhouses for quieter neighbourhood streets leading off.
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Rieselfeld, Freiburg, Germany
Rieselfeld is a modern development on the edge of Freiburg in Germany. The entire city is celebrated for its efforts towards sustainable goals and Rieselfeld is in many ways a concentration of these efforts. The urban block structure is reflective of the historic city but emphasis shifted from motor vehicle to pedestrian and cyclist with most pavements being removed and thoroughfares shared between all methods of transport. Cars are not banned but they are noticeably less of a feature, parking is even primarily underground. Again, priority is given to the node centre, with wider pedestrian walkways along active frontages which are situated on one of the few vehicular thoroughfares.
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Medium Density Example Medium: Higher density residential block. B09
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Medium: Higher density residential block. B09
This block, on the corner of Ashgill Road and Birsay Road represents a typical medium-high density residential block of the masterplan. Here, this entirely residential block, mimics traditional grid iron layouts with near perpendicular streets a rectangular shape. The precedence of Ashgill Road and Birsay Road over the other streets is shown in the use of higher density builds – 3 and 4 storey flats, and reduced setbacks. The neighbourhood streets behind are marked with a change to semidetached homes and an extra metre of setback from the street edge. The intersection of two important roads is marked with a block with increased building height built on the streets edge. These homes would likely attract young families, young professionals and singles, it would be an ideal GHA development.
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Onslow Drive, Glasgow, Scotland
Onslow Drive is a traditional Victorian street within the innercity district of Dennistoun. This formation is typical of this era of build within the city with a mix of 4 storey tenement flats and 2 storey terraced houses, builds that are common across the city, in mixtures, or uniform blocks. The typical block size, shape and layout including access and setbacks has proven hugely successful and has been laid out across many cities. A similar approach is taken with many of the residential blocks – deeper setbacks for houses compared to flats, and denser builds (usually flats) orientated towards busier roads. As this density is still relatively high; detached homes are avoided here in favour of terraces or semi-detached homes.
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Kompassgatan, Malmo, Sweden
Header
This is part of a successful sustainable development called Bo01. The density here is higher than our sample block on Ashgill Road because of taller buildings, but the block composition is the desired outcome – taller buildings mark the street hierarchy and larger homes indicate quieter streets. Malmo is distinct in its pedestrian over vehicle hierarchy like that in Freiburg, but unlike Freiburg cars are banned there is still a noticeable rank in streets based on level of activity and importance. This level of traffic reduction is desired for neighbourhood streets within Milton.
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Low Density Example Low: Low Density Residential Block C03
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Low: Low Density Residential Block C03
This section is our most dispersed block, moving away from the urban core of the nodes it is on the. northern edge and this is reflected in the density and building type. This block consists of detached homes, within relatively large plots with generous setbacks of 6 – 7 metres for off-street parking. These homes would likely attract families and older residents.
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Birchlea Drive, Giffnock, Glasgow
Birchlea Drive is a good representation of much of Giffnock as well as other parts of suburban British cities. These 1940’s bungalows in detached and semi-detached form have proven popular and a format of living that is largely compatible with modern needs. Density is low at 14 dwellings per hectare, though it should be noted this figure is lower than the likely reality of an extra 50% at 21 D/Ha as they are measured as single storey bungalows but have upstairs spaces in the roof with dormer windows. These generous plots have off-street parking and buildings are set-back off the street.
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Christchurch Drive, Dalmarnock, Glasgow.
This is a section of Glasgow known as the Athlete’s Village. This development is held in high regard by many for its design. Density here is higher than the masterplan sample Cathay Street, largely because of smaller plots and denser builds, but the plot shape and layout are comparable and the overall quiet residential theme is akin to the desired outcome for this section of Milton; parking is off street and plots have front gardens considerably larger than merely a setback as well as generous rear gardens.
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Nigel Gardens, Crossmyloof, Glasgow
This is a suburban development in southwest Glasgow, again this is a quiet residential development on semi-detached houses. This is a similar layout and atmosphere that we hope to achieve with the Cathay Street block. Again, houses are set back with large plots, many with offstreet parking and a rectangular shape.
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MASTERPLAN
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Welcome to our Masterplan This masterplan represents detailed plans for every aspect of built form for the site in Milton. This visualisation should enable viewers to understand how Milton will look in its new form, with detailed green spaces, street layouts, access points and building types – all of which will be explained in greater detail and exhibited in various other scales and methods in the sections following. This plan is merely to show the overall site in a detailed plan view. It should be noted that this masterplan is a guide; it outlines the DNA of the built form without dictating to exact measurements of every component. Building typologies are represented with colour coded shapes in a uniform fashion – this is not representative of what should be built. For example; blocks of flats are colour coded orange, with uniform shapes and sizes, this is merely an indication of how we suggest the plots will be laid out – variety in shape and style of build is actively encouraged to promote diversity and create an interesting aesthetic – this however, is the job of GHA and any other stakeholders, their architects and their planners. This should be a plan of clarity – one that architects and casual viewers alike can understand and enjoy. It lays the accurate foundations for Milton 2.0 within the framework of masterplanning and sticks to the role of the urban designer.
Naming the Streets The new road network sought to achieve a balance between conservation of the existing network and increasing access and general logic. By doing so some streets have merely been extended, some have been altered and some new ones have been created. These new streets have been named following the original theme for Milton – Scottish islands, and there is no shortage of them. Locals and internet research informed us that this was to reflect the rural feel of the area. With this plan this has changed, it is noticeably more urban in every section – but this is an adaptation not an overhaul, so the original street names are kept.
Masterplan
Figure 91 Milton 2.0 Masterplan
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Masterplan
Key
Single family
Multi-family (single) Multi-family (double) Multi-family (multiple) Public building Other (Workshops)
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Figure 92 Proposed Masterplan
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Character Areas
How will these spaces look and feel? These examples explain some of the inspiration behind the choices of this masterplan and should assist in the visualisation of what it will look like in its built form – the characteristics of these places largely match the highlighted areas on the masterplan.
Fig. X: xxx
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Canal Side This is the focal point of the masterplan and its character is diverse – serving as both a public park, walkway, residential area and the location of various services. The site must be both aesthetically pleasing and functional as a public space or a route on which to live. The goal is a blend of public and private; houses sit facing on to a public space with pedestrians and cyclists passing by the gardens of the waterfront homes. This space must too blend natural and manmade; an abundance of trees and vegetation and more space dedicated to grassed areas than hard landscaped walkways acts as a gradual mix between the rural land beyond the canal and the newly densified, more urban Milton.
Figure 93 Location of character area
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Leith Leith: A gem on the coast of the Scottish capital has lots to offer in terms of inspiration for architects and urban designers and is a true success story of urban regeneration – transforming an area of industrial decline into one of the most desirable residential and cultural spots in the country. The waterfront walkway is considerably denser and more urban than the proposal for Milton, but the street activity and leisure spaces are something to aspire to. The buildings here a typical inner-city units with active frontages on the ground floor with residential above, the Milton waterfront is primarily residential, but the key thing here is the use of the public realm – a space for gathering. Figure 94 Leith, Edinburgh
Figure 95 Leith, Edinburgh
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Ness Walk The walkways along the River Ness in Inverness are used as focal features in the city with tree lined walkways, broad paths and pedestrian priority with various broad green sections away from roads. Here, houses are orientated towards the water, many with gardens that appear to spill out into the public walkway, blurring the lines between public and private with a relaxed and natural vibe. Sections of this have become so popular that many residential buildings have been converted into hotels, bars and restaurants that spill out onto the front gardens and into the public waterside when the weather is pleasant.
Figure 96 Wide public walkway among green space
Figure 97 Waterfront as social gathering space
Figure 98 Broad public walkway along waterfront
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Ninewells, Cambridge Ninewells is a development on the outskirts of Cambridge and is multi award-winning for both its architecture and its urban design. Suburban Cambridge and Milton may be vastly different in their markets and in relation; their prices, but this is inconsequential as good design transcends price brackets – less expensive developments can still be well considered with clever urban design – though they often are not. Ninewells is inspirational in the way it frames the feature of the small lake on the site. In Milton the waterfront currently not incorporated in the design, in fact it is actively ignored – hidden through the orientation of the buildings, plots and roads. The one street of housing on the waters edge faces away from the water with no inclusion or access in the developments street layout. This land is however the most valuable real estate in Milton and if redesigned properly could command elevated prices for the region. The situation is similar at Ninewells, with the properties on the water fetching the highest prices and a built form and design language that focusses on the water. A similar design is planned for Milton – larger style, higher value family homes with views over the canal and beyond – facing onto the new canal promenade and linear park.
Figure 99 Houses orientated towards water
Figure 100 Houses orientated towards water
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Residential Area This area is typical of the aesthetic of urban fabric that will constitute Milton’s residential areas. Flats are the clear anchor for this development, but this is not to be at the expense of choice, variety or space. Terraced and semi-detached homes line the quieter neighbourhood routes and ensure that residents and visitors are reminded that this is not an inner-city district, it is still a spacious, familyorientated neighbourhood near the city edge.
Figure 101 Location of character area
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Victorian Glasgow For this area we looked to Glasgow’s established and popular areas of similar building makeup. The traditional Victorian districts in the leafy residential areas of the south and west of the city are some of the most popular places to live, so the balance of the built form is aspirational and should decisions for Milton’s residential spaces.
Figure 102 Dense tenement flats on main road
Figure 103 Less dense terraced houses on neighbourhood road
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Gorbals This development is much closer to the city centre, and the density shows this – flats are taller, and the few pockets of houses are terraced for compactness. Overall, though this site manages to deliver the atmosphere of an urban residential area without being crowded; blocks are built with varying degrees of setbacks, some with no setback at all, but there are no vast gardens or gaps in the blocks – built form is consistent and logical. The focus on the most part here is housing, not shops or businesses, and that is what this section of Milton will be. The redevelopment of this are around the turn of the millennium was a design competition that invited architects and housebuilders to exhibit their skills with the overall masterplan being overseen by CZWG. The result was a block formation that reflects but does not copy the city’s traditional grid system and a variety of housing that most modern developments cannot achieve. The aesthetic is varied and for the most past has weathered the test of time well. This mixture of stakeholders is something that should be targeted for Milton, by doing so it decreased the likelihood of generic design repeated block by block.
Figure 104 Gorbals Courtyards Flats
Figure 105 GorbalsFlats
Figure 106 Gorbals Flats
Figure 107 Gorbals Townhouses
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Laurieston This site is, as far as the designing architects are concerned, a modern-day incarnation of Glasgow’s traditional sandstone tenements and townhouses. On a map, it certainly looks that way with blocks that would fit in the historic west end or south side of the city. And the development fits the street template of these areas too – the flats are setback approximately 2 metres, the rows of houses on the streets perpendicular set back off the pavement with parking and larger gardens. Though the building designs are repeated for the most part, this was likely intentional to mimic the city’s rows of tenements – and few would criticise them for being repetitive. And this site avoids monotony by mixing materials and varying block make-up on the relatively small development. The same is planned for Milton – too much of the same residential form consecutively can be uninspiring, this site in Milton though all residential should have variety. ‘The reinstatement of an ‘urban grid’ linking the area to the city centre, Crown Street, and Tradeston’
Figure 111 Laurieston Townhouses
- Lauriestons situation differs from Miltons insofar as it is central, well under a mile from Central Station, so it has not suffered the same isolation, however the changes in its past have left it similarly complicated in layout – far from its original Victorian grid which the new development has reinstated. It was also incongruous with its neighbouring cityscape – just like Milton. ‘The regeneration of Bridge Street/Eglington Street as a new local high-street and transportation hub, including proposals for a new bus and rail interchange with associated commercial, retail and residential uses around. The development of a new ‘community spine’ from Cleland Street to Eglington Street connecting existing retail & leisure facilities (Crown Street) to future educational, health, social and public transport facilities.’ - The plan for the area is to reinstate some of its own independence in terms of services. In Milton this is arguably even more crucial for it is so remote from the city centre. ‘The creation of a new ‘green city park’ at the heart of the development. This builds on the concept of crescents introduced in Crown Street and acts as a focus for high density living and potential educational functions’ - Also similar to Milton here is the need to establish quality pubic spaces and connections to the wider city as well as a priority to densify the urban fabric and target empty land.
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Figure 109 Laurieston Flats
Figure 110 Laurieston Flats
Figure 108 Laurieston Townhouses
Masterplan
Malmo The character of this development is enviable; the street formation differs from the norm with subtle angling of buildings and almost every building has some form of green buffer or vegetation to break up the built form. The same stands for Milton and density will not be at the expense of pleasant streets or green spaces. Bo01 can teach a lot about blending clever technology and infrastructure with the design such as water collection being turned into an attractive asset with green reservoirs in parks. All in all, if residential developments pledged allegiance to sustainable design and quality of urban form like Bo01 cities would make great strides towards environmental goals as well as simply becoming more pleasant and successful overall.
Figure 112 Malmo, BO 01 Aerial View
Figure 113 Malmo, BO 01, Housing, communal public space
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Colston Church Square This most urban of areas seeks to reflect some high density developments that blend their commercial and industrial centres harmoniously with high density residential spaces. These types of blocks exist in every city – they have to; people want shops and services and for many a bustling urban centre is somewhere that can be great to live. This section should attract urbanites and young professionals who perhaps prioritise having a good cafÊ nearby over a spacious garden for growing vegetables – more akin to a local high street than a suburban residential street.
Figure 114 Location of character area
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Rieselfeld, Germany Rieselfeldalle, this districts linear node delivers the kind of atmosphere and image that this section of Milton seeks to offer a dense line of retail and commercial units that demarcate the centre of activity and encourage this space as the social centre.; neighbourhood centre where activities converge, social gatherings can happen and the community can mix.
Figure 115 Aerial view of Rieselfeld, Freiburgh, Germany
Figure 116 Public transport incorporated into the residential areas
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Falcon Square This public square in Inverness has some parallels with the plans for Coslton Church Square; one of the city’s primary routes passes through the public space to one – separating the pedestrian routes and necessitating a crossing and the large pedestrian space is orientated around a building of importance. In the case of Falcon Square this is an old railway building made of stone now used as a restaurant with outdoor seating on the square. In Milton’s case the focal point in Colston Parish Church which will have public space with soft and hard landscaping on two sides to form the pedestrian zone.
Figure 117 Public Square centred around focal building
Figure 118 Square used for public activity
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Masterplan in Detail
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Masterplan Densities
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Fig. X: xxx
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Masterplan Code
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Figure 119 Masterplan Coded Area
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Statistical Outline This presents the housing being demolished and what they will be replaced with in approximate measures. This does not include housing of conservation (tower blocks and Dolls Houses). These measures assumes original house layout with the number of bedrooms at the time of being built. It assumes full occupancy of all homes – for example; 4 persons in a 3 bedroom house and 3 persons in a 3 bedroom flat.
Current
- 422 Terraced/Semi-detached houses (3 bedroom)
- 3 blocks of 2-storey ‘cottage’ flats (2 bedroom, 4 in a block)
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- 11 3-storey flats (2 bedroom, 6 in a block)
- 19 4-storey tenement flats (2 bedroom, 8 in a block) (422 3 bedroom houses, 230 2 bedroom flats = accommodates 2378)
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Statistical Outline
The average density in this masterplan is 85 u/Ha. This is four times higher than the current density if this density was replicated over all of Milton the population would be aproximately 24 000 people. This density is in line with Glasgow’s average and makes strides to sustainability goals.
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Traffic Calming From the previous phases of the project it has been clear that Milton currently has a problem with cars speeding on the streets, transforming Milton into a hazardous environment prone to accidents. The only traffic calming measure that has been adopted in Milton are speed bumps, which are positioned at regular intervals. Although effective in theory, these often get ignored by drivers or even worse it puts drivers off from going through Milton to reach their destination. Considering the speed bump distribution within Milton it is clear that streets in Milton are treated equally, disregarding their different importance. Within out masterplan we look to implement different traffic calming methods that would not only make drivers slow down but it would also define street identity and generally offer a more pleasant aesthetic to the city. 1. Glentanar Road junction 2. Egilsay Crescent 3. Longay Street 4. Stromay Street
1
5. Swona Street 6. Liddesdale Road
2
4
3
5
6 Figure 120 Location of traffic calming visual
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Figure 121 Existing Longay Street
Figure 122 Current State of Street
Figure 123 Proposed Longay Stret
Figure 124 Proposed Bruray Street
Longay Street
Bruray Street
This demonstrates blocking the line of view for drivers. This example uses a central reservation with vegetation and trees which are used often on this masterplan, but other materials/methods can be used. By blocking this view it removes a long-distance perspective – if the line of direction was clear far into the distance a driver may feel safe to increase their speed in the feeling that they know the space is clear and they can see the roads path.
This is an example of a one-way street used to calm residential streets. This southbound route is designed to ensure the streets leading to and from the node are less likely to be used as passageways to the nodes and the majority of vehicular traffic sticks to the intended primary routes that circumvent the bulk of quieter residential areas and thus protecting their atmosphere. Vehicle road speeds will be restricted to 20mph around residential streets. This image also shows parking bays level separated from the street and level with the pavement, by doing so the driver feels as though they are encroaching on pedestrian space – there is no kerb or change in materiality to divide them.
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Figure 125 Existing Egilsay Crescent
Figure 126 Existing Strathmore Road
Figure 127 Proposed Egilsay Crescent
Figure 128 Proposed Liddesdale Road
Egilsay Crescent
Liddesdale Road
This section is an important traffic calming zone – here a new primary route, a transversal passage, runs through the node centre and pedestrian and vehicle levels will be at their highest. Pedestrian crossings are plentiful to reduce risky road crossings and pavements are separated from roads with vegetation in various sections of the busiest roads. The southern section of the crescent is pedestrianised with vehicle access restricted with bollards – the full road width is an open walkway forming part of Colston Church Square.
This is an existing feature at the entrance to Balmore Industrial Estate, though currently this ‘mini’ roundabout sees little vehicular traffic roundabouts are effective ways of managing the flow of vehicles at busy junctions. This one is located at an important intersection of various routes in Milton, including where a new primary route will link Milton to the neighbouring areas via Balmore Road and will be one of the major passages in and out of Milton. Roundabouts are a favourite in the UK. They mark a break in the road ahead and naturally encourage drivers to slow down as they perceive an obstacle even if there is not one. This is also an easier and more efficient way of managing the meeting point of many roads.
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Figure 129 Existing Torogay Street
Figure 131 Proposed Torogay Strett
Figure 130 Proposed Glentanar Road Junction
Figure 132 Proposed Glentanar Road Junction
Torogay Street
Glentanar Road Junction
Roundabouts are a favourite in the UK. They mark a break in the road ahead and naturally encourage drivers to slow down as they perceive an obstacle even if there is not one. This is also an easier and more efficient way of managing the meeting point of many roads.
This junction solves an awkward meeting at which secondary and neighbourhood roads feed into a primary road. By having this split formation on the approach to Glentanan Road it aligns crossing streets to avoid drivers having to enter the primary route only to slow traffic down whilst waiting to cross oncoming vehicles.
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Privacy Levels The built formation impacts on the privacy of the dwelling. By privacy this means proximity to public space - the street outside where passers-by can look into a residence. Privacy is typically correlated to density - areas of high density in this masterplan are the most urban feeling and busiest parts; buildings are built to or near the street edge. At the other end of the spectrum the quietest, purely residential blocks have the highest levels of privacy.
Active Frontage
Minimum Level of Privacy
Active frontages most often contain entrances to the homes above and/or behind amongst the shops and businesses. These interact with the sidewalk, placed immediately on the street edge; to a degree they mix public and private but privacy levels are typically high as the residential spaces are most often reserved for the first floor and above. Ground floor residential units among active frontages have the lowest level of privacy as they are located on a busy street front of commercial activity, though this is uncommon.
These are the ground floor flats of the masterplan. They have no buffer zone - built on the street edge. The ground floor is raised off the level of the pavement slightly to reduce visibility from the street into the residence. The front of these homes are usually reserved for living spaces with bedrooms to the rear.
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Moderate Level of Privacy These are the blocks of flats that are set back from the street edge with a buffer zone; usually consisting of a form of vegetation or landscaping. This blurs the view into the property from the street.
High Level of Privacy These are the properties set back off the street with the largest of front gardens - large enough for off-street car parking. These are houses, not flats. On this masterplan none of these properties are on primary routes, they are located on neighbourhood or secondary streets so there is less passing traffic and overall the quietest, most residential of atmospheres ideal for families.
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Special Places
Fig. X: xxx
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Special Places Journey The canal walkway is the focal point of this development and forms an important new journey through Milton; from the new entrance at St Agnes Church and St Agnes Square, along to the Industrial History and Canal Museum, the Creative Arts and Business Centre, the Brewery Bar and beer garden, turning east to Glentanar Gardens Market which then directs people to a node and the heart of Milton. The journey up the canal from the city centre consists of various landmarks and attractions that stop short of Milton – not anymore, this development seeks to attract people further up.
Inspiration HIghline and Prominade Plantinee: These parks use redundant railway lines as linear parks in the major urban centres of New York and Paris. The Highline is 1.45 miles along the lower west side of Manhattan Island and its development has boosted land values and encouraged other developments following the government’s $50m initial investment. The space is used to host installations and performances and the design reflects the structures past with exposed railway sleepers and metal structure. The Parisian park on which it is based has proven a popular concept with a similar park due to open in Chicago. Hudson River Park: This park is on a noticeably larger scale than the canal side in Milton with sports fields, 650 foot public pier, complexes of bars and restaurants and over 5 miles of cycle path. However, the overall goal is similar – mixed use, well maintained public space that is useful for commutes but also leisure and relaxation.
Figure 133 Highline, New York
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Figure 134 Hudson River Park
Masterplan
Figure 135 Canal Journey
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St. Agnes Square
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St. Agnes Square St Agnes Church is asset to Milton so our masterplan puts it on show. The surrounding land that currently sits empty is opened up into a broad green space – St Agnes Park so a broader aspect of this building can be seen on approach to Milton. This grand new entrance to the site is hugely important, it begins the canal path walkway up into the heart of this new development and seeks to give Milton a presence that commuters on busy Balmore Road cannot help but notice and appreciate, as opposed to passing the site by without knowing what is beyond that overgrown wasteland. This space is a large public space to put in a residential area at around 0.4 hectares, so the usage is mixed up with different landscaping and materiality. The Church is given a clear walkway with feature lighting, soft and hard landscaping breaks up what could otherwise be a large and uninviting space and new buildings are orientated around it to bask in the splendour of this beautiful building and attractive public space. The church manse attached is also a building of historic beauty – a traditional Victorian sandstone villa. This becomes a focal point in the square – though its plot lines are respected with a wall. This is an opportunity however for an appealing public building or an attraction – we imagined it as a restaurant with outside seating space. The new primary road that installs Milton’s all important east-west connection to encourage through-traffic passes along the front of the church square, between the park and into one of the new nodes of the masterplan. This strategic placement ensures this will be a space that can no longer be ignored.
Figure 136 Location of St. Agnes Square
Inspiration Churches are usually focal buildings so finding examples and inspiration was not difficult. St Andrews Square in Glasgow city centre orientates residential buildings towards the square and church. This does not interfere with traditional block form and still fits the urban landscape.
Figure 137 Current state of the location
Figure 138 St. Andrew’s Square
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Figure 139 St. Agnes Square
Figure 140 View of St. Agnes Square from St. Agnes Park
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Industrial History and Canal Museum
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Industrial History and Canal Museum This space is designed to further our goal of attracting visitors to Milton, and is hoped to be one of many reasons people would come to the site from elsewhere in Glasgow and beyond. Flexibility: This is a small public space, at around 12,000 square metres intended to have space for a café/restaurant and perhaps a shop and information centre. Versatility should be a priority for this space: attracting visitors away from the city centre is an ambitious goal and a tough task so this build is designed to be a manageable and adaptable size, shape and design. However, the outlook is hopeful for its reception for various reasons: Industrial History: Glasgow was once an industrial powerhouse of global proportions. The cities industrial might may have waned but many of the city industries contributions to the world still remain. Milton is situated near many of Glasgow’s biggest and most successful industrial sites of years gone by including the Saracen Foundry and Lambhill Ironworks less than one mile Figure 141 Location of Industrial History Museum away, and Neilson and Co, once the largest locomotive company in the world in nearby Springburn. Milton itself has Balmore Industrial estate. It has not earned the city any accolades like its historical counterparts but it is located on the Clyde Canal and represents an opportunity to pay homage to the city’s past through developing this site with a nod to the surrounding heritage. Developing the site irrespective of the broader historical context and appreciation for the importance of the canal would be a waste, in our opinion. Milton may not be a historic district of Glasgow with sandstone terraces but that does not mean it bears no importance the city’s legacy. This building is an opportunity to celebrate this rich industrial past, in what we have identified as a gap in the Glasgow cultural centres landscape and something that we think would be ideal for Milton. This could, if done well, we a catalyst for future development and visitors that could only be of benefit to Milton.
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Figure 142 Location of Industry Museum
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Figure 143 Museum terrace interacting with the public promenade
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Figure 144 View of the Industrial Museum coming off the bridge
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Design and Location Another industrial inspired build with a metal clad shell and exposed facets and welds, this should be a build to reflect its purpose as well as generally being attractive because of its prominent location on the waterfront. This forms the first in a line of important buildings along the new canal walkway and should act as an inviting entrance that entices pedestrians and cyclists to venture up the path they probably once avoided, if they even knew it existed. A full glass front with viewing terrace maximises the western orientation that enjoys aspects over the edge of the city and the green beyond. A partially sheltered outdoor terrace downstairs allows visitors to catch afternoon sunshine or escape from the rain. A small wall, level flooring, consistent materiality and public benches seek to blur the lines between the public spaces and invite passers-by in, perhaps at the start or the end of their journey along the canal. Situated on the edge of a small park, part of the adjacent canal walkway and national cycle route to Edinburgh and on the waters edge with aspects to new canal docks and then beyond to the countryside, this is strategically placed to stand out on what is hoped to be Milton’s premier thoroughfare. Vehicular access is from an access road to a carpark situated at the rear, keeping all road noise to a minimum and allowing no vehicular traffic to encroach on the pedestrian-orientated public space. •
Metal cladding with exposed welds and facets, making reference to the buildings identity and consistent with the industrial theme throughout various site in the masterplan.
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Outdoor seating, partially sheltered, to enjoy the sun or hide from the rain and encourage passers-by
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On the waters edge with seating to enjoy views and new stepped access to the canal for sailing and fishing.
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Full glass frontage with terrace to maximise views over the canal and countryside beyond.
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Exclusively pedestrian and cyclist route, vehicular access to rear to reduce noise. Next to a small public park, part of a wider area of leisure and recreation. Figure 145 Proposed St. Agnes Park development sketches
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Glasgow Green When designing the St. Agnes Park we took as a reference point Glasgow Green as it is a park situated in a very urban area of Glasgow and it is a successful example of a well functioning park. We have laid out the paths within the park in a similar manner as the ones in Glasgow Green, although they might look randomly positioned, on a closer look they all lead to an important feature of the park (Winter Gardens, Nelson’s Monument).In Milton, St. Agnes Park has similar paths that lead to the Industrial Museum and the Clyde Boats rental centre. The park also acts as a starting point of a journey that leads visitors along the promenade to different places of interest such as: The Creative Arts and Business Centre, the Brewery Bar and the Glentanar Garden Farmer’s Market.
Figure 146 Aerial View of Glasgow Green
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Inspiration for Museum Glasgow was once an industrial powerhouse of global proportions. The cities industrial might may have waned but many of the city industries contributions to the world still remain. Milton is situated near many of Glasgow’s biggest and most successful industrial sites of years gone by including the Saracen Foundry and Lambhill Ironworks less then one mile away, and Neilson and Co, once the largest locomotive company in the world in nearby Springburn. Milton itself has Balmore Industrial estate. It has not earned the city any accolades like its historical counterparts but it is located on the Clyde Canal and represents an opportunity to pay homage to the city’s past through developong this site with a nod to the surrounding heritage. Developing the site irresepective of the broader historical context and apreciation for the importance of the canal would be a waste, in our opinion. Milton may not be a historic district of Glasgow with sandstone terraces but that does not mean it bares no importance the city’s legacy.
Figure 148 Ornate Veranda at prestigious Raffles Hotel, Singapore Figure 147 Wilkinson Memorial drinking fountain, Williamstown, Australia
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Figure 150 Elder Park Rotunda , Adelaide Australia Figure 149 Canopy at Glasgow’s Central Station
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Creative Arts and and Business Centre
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Creative Arts and Business Centre This site on the canal front is another landmark building that takes advantage of its setting. The space here is shown as a large, multi-level modern space that stands out on the walk along the water. The Aim The analysis phase of this project highlighted Milton’s struggles with unemployment and opportunities for its youth. One of the Strategy groups imagined a vocational training centre where locals could learn skills that they could hopefully use to perpetuate Milton’s development – perhaps building or craft skills to help with the development, or skills to assist one of the neighbourhood’s local initiatives. This site could also be a centre for business and commerce, as Balmore Industrial Estate transforms from its current state as a concentration of outdated units and mixture of businesses to integrating into the community as a progressive and inclusive business landscape. One other option for part of this space could be new office space for Love Milton – an organisation that seems to achieve a lot with very little. Currently their offices are in a damp ground Figure 153 Location of the Creative and Business floor unit at the base of one of the existing tower blocks on the edge of Centre Milton. The Design We have tried to vary the design of the canal walkway to keep it interesting and inviting. Outside this site there is a broad terrace with benches because this meander in the canal has clear aspects over the countryside and views to the Campsie hills to the north. Again, a glass design is suggested with outdoor spaces and the materiality could be another option for industrial design however this build is different to the museum and brewery bar on the canal – its is a modern space that looks to the future, the museum and brewery both link to Milton of the present and the past. Precedent The Whisky Bond is a fascinating mixed use space for the creative people in Glasgow and it is located not far away just down the canal towards the city centre. ‘Since 2012 it’s been home to a growing Figure 151 The Whiskey Bond - night view community of thinkers, designers, makers and doers’. The venture has attracted clients form industries including digital marketing and media, artisanal foods, laser cutting and graphic design, writing, journalism and film, music, architecture and video game design. And though the Whisky Bond is vast – several times the size of our proposed space – demand for their space is high and tenancy levels are strong and yet their provisions are simple – space, wi-fi, bike and car parking and some provisions for staff like a café and showers. Establishing a centre such as this, even on a much smaller scale could be tremendously valuable for Milton and help launch it a new direction. This kind of development would also appeal to Milton’s selfdriven development and desire to help itself. X:view xxx Figure 152 The Whiskey BondFig. - day
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Figure 154 View of the Creative Arts and Business Centre
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Brewery Bar and Garden
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Brewery Bar and Glentanar Garden The Glen Douglas was Milton’s last pub, and it was not even located in Milton, but it was the closest for many of the locals, located in nearby Lambhill. It is now long gone, shut for years and since decimated by fire. The analysis phase showed the desire locals had for a nearby gathering place for socialising and a drink, so here we have a brewery and bar on the canal front. Incomparable to the Glen Douglas, this space is a modern day incarnation of a ‘pub’, times have changed and so has the way people unwind socially – after work or on weekends, this is intended to be a flexible community space for all. This idea was carried over from the strategy phase and it is hoped to become a standout feature on the waterfront and its situation is strategic; designed to be a destination it is hoped to attract visitors farther up the canal side than most have gone before. This invites people to walk along the new linear park on the canal front through the new development of housing and public spaces. Arriving from the south the park opens to a broad green space where kids can play and dogs can run. This space allows a clear view directly out towards the canal and beyond to the countryside and allows visitors to spill out onto a terrace and beer garden with picnic benches on the rare occasion that the sun comes out, if not there is over 500 square metres of seating areas spread over two levels as well as a sheltered upstairs terrace area. The Brewing This space is not just a bar, we have taken inspiration from Toast Ale - the UKs first bread to beer brewery. It takes surplus and unsold bakery produce and turns it into beer; reducing waste in one of the most wasteful food instries - win:win! Driven by this desire to reduce food waste they identified the opportunity to recycle food to make beer rather than traditional brewing, and there is no shortage of raw materials with 44% of baked goods going to waste. There is an ideal opportunity on this site adjacent to the large Allied Bakeries site as well as simply being in one of the UKs largest population centres. There is huge potential to combine the people of Milton’s desire for a local pub with reduced waste and an innovative and lucrative local business opportunity. Craft brewing is rapidly growing in the UK; new figures from the British Beer and Pub Association reveals there are now more than 1,400 breweries in Britain. A surge during the past 2 years has seen breweries opening up at rate of 3 every week. This trend is reflected right across the country with all regions sharing the success of the British beer boom. Recent figures show the beer and pubs sector is now responsible for 869,000 jobs in Britain. Community Pubs Minister Marcus Jones said:“Today’s figures show Britain is back on the map as a global ‘brewing powerhouse’ with 3 breweries opening up every week.
Figure 156 Location of the Brewery Bar We gave the world the I.P.A and the Great British pint has been revered ever since. This brewing boom means we are not only creating some of the world’s best beer that we all enjoy in our local pub and at home but also thousands of jobs and a multibillion-pound boost to the economy.” It is currently estimated that 60,295 jobs supported by the beer and pub sector in Scotland, for Milton, this would not just be a social space and a bar, it could be an anchor for new industries and a boost for local employment. The Design The building has an industrial, warehouse-like design to mimic the neighbouring Allied Bakeries site nodding to their close relation. The western-orientation takes advantage of the rural views with floor to ceiling, windows with outside seating on both the ground floor and first floor. Internally the brewing and social space are separated only by a glass patrician to immerse visitors in the brewing process. Materiality too aims for an industrial atmosphere with exposed red bricks, concrete floors and metal claddings. The overall theme is consistent with aspects of other areas of the masterplan site such as the copper-clad museum to subtly pay homage to the rich industrial history of the area.
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Figure 157 Glen Douglas Pub
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Figure 160 Glen Douglas Pub
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Figure 158 View of the brewery
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Figure 159 View of the Beer Garden from inside the brewery
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Inspiration Drygate
Glasgow is a city that likes to enjoy itself, and beer has been in this city’s makeup since 1551 when Tennents – the city’s most famous brew – began on the existing Wellpark site just east of the city centre. On the site, they have begun their own craft-brew venture with the tremendously successful Drygate. Drygate markets itself as the UK’s first experiential craft brewery. Located on the Tenant’s Wellpark Brewery site less than 1 mile from Glasgow city centre. Craft beer has become a hugely lucrative industry. “Almost one in six members (craft breweries) expect their production, sales and turnover to double by 2018. This clearly demonstrates the confidence members have in their ability to meet the needs of today’s – and tomorrow’s - discerning drinkers driven by excellencte and diversity.” -Society of Independent Brewers The site follows an industrial theme with a warehouse like design with just a glass wall between the bar area and the brewing hall immersing the customer in the brewing process. Materials including concrete, exposed brick and metals like copper and magnesium will blend this leisure space into the existing industrial landscape-an inspiration behind our proposal.
Figure 161 Drygate Entrance
Figure 162 Drygate Lounge
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Figure 163 Drygate community gathering
Figure 164 Drygate beer selection
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WEST Another asset to Glasgow is WEST, a business that describes their ethos as “A Glaswegain heart and a German head” recreating high quality German beer in their iconic residence in the Templeton carpet factory on Glasgow Green. Here too they make a feature of the brewing process and just like Tennent’s offer tours of the brewing hall to immerse visitors in the experience. Also, locals flock to WEST on sunny days to enjoy their beer garden; a rare spot in the city for enjoying good weather, surrounded by views of the city’s oldest park.
Figure 165 WEST Brewery Garden
Figure 166 WEST Brewery Garden
Another success story from the British brewing scene, Brewdog has enjoyed tremendous success off the back of their efforts to make quality Scottish beer. It has now become one of the most recognisable craft beer brands in the country and their produce is carried by many of the major supermarkets.
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Figure 167 Growth in the industry
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Glantanar Gardens Market Place
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Glentanar Garden Farmer’s Market Located south of the “Dolls Houses”, the new Glentanar Gardens Linear Park forms part of the key axis on Milton 2.0’s green network. Connecting the node at Colston Church Square and the canal with the bridge into the Possil Marsh Nature reserve. The bridge and national cycle route allow for the park and market to be a good stop off place for refreshments on the route to Edinburgh for cyclists. The landscaping of the space is a blend of hard paved landscaping softened by grass edges and trees. As you move towards the market stall location and the canal there are more trees reflecting a closeness to the canal and natural surroundings to our sites western edge. This forms a transition between the paved church square and natural Possil Marsh Nature reserve. Glentanar Gardens forms part of the wider walkway from St. Agnes church node along canal promenade, linear park and then into the market place, Colston Church node and rest of Milton to encourage traffic into Milton Immediately to the south of the “Doll Houses” are the 3 storey apartment buildings that look out onto the park. This is one of the Figure 168 Location of Glentanar Farmer’s Market methods of connecting Dolls Houses into the rest of Milton’s community with new front on their south side. The apartment buildings to the east are predominantly flats but the two nearest buildings to the canal side have small shops on the ground floor as they look straight out onto the market. The ground floor setbacks of all the apartment buildings allow for flexibility if a retailer purchases the ground floor of a plot and wants to use the space then they have the opportunity to use it as outdoor seating in a cafe area, an advertising area in a retail space and even as a “spill out” extension of an interior retail space (see quick diagrams).
Figure 169 Diagrams showing different ground level uses
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Figure 170 View of Farmer’s Market
Figure 171 Aerial View of Glentanar Farmer’s Market
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Figure 172 Plan of Glentanar Farmer’s Market
Figure 173 Section of Glantanar’ Farmer’s Market
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Figure 174 Farmer’s Market leading up to Possil Bridge
Figure 175 Farmer’s Market coming off Possil Bridge
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Inspiration
Farmer’s Market, Marion Square Charleston, South Carolina The use of a public park as a location for a market has been done in Charleston, South Carolina. Marion Square hosts a farmer’s market. Whilst the size and scale of the park is not what is being recreated in Milton, the axis it is located on in the park runs from a church, similar to the Colston Church Sq in Milton. The use of hard landscaping to contrast with the soft landscaping in where the market is located in Charleston, is comparable to the Glentanar Gardens Market in that hard landscaping dominates the space but also accented by soft landscaping and trees.
Figure 176 Marion Square Charleston, South Carolina
Partick Farmer’s Market The West End of Glasgow has farmer’s market in Mansfield Park in Partick which operates every second and fourth Saturday in a calendar month at 10am to 2pm ( https:// www.citypropertyglasgow.co.uk/markets/farmers-markets). The market is an excellent example of a local Glaswegian precedent and proves how farmer’s markets can be successful in Glasgow. Partick, density wise is at the top end of what we aim to achieve. However, the public space shows that with active fronts the space can be used all year round even there is not a market. The brewery, bakery and active fronts in adjacent apartment buildings provide provide Glentanar Gardens the opportunity to be a well used spaced throughout year. The photographs also show that the Market is popular even when it is snowing and cold in winter. (see images)
Market Stalls
Figure 177 Market Stalls
The market will take place on weekends, where regional and most importantly local Milton based produce from the allotments (across the road), community garden and community orchard are sold. This will allow locals and visitors to Milton to buy organic locally grown and produced items. Glentanar Gardens is a key part of the sustainable economy in Milton 2.0. The analysis phase highlighted a lack of supermarkets and healthy food in Milton, this market aims to tackle this. Inverness High School had the “Real Food” scheme, where the parts of the school were turned into gardens where produce is sold to market so students can learn about growing produce and healthy lifestyle as well as business and enterprise skills. This is vital in bridging education gap. Ideal for Milton. (see images). Market stalls are a part of triangle of activity that includes the brewery and bakery visitor centre. Glentanar Gardens is flexible as it is a space that allows for stalls on market days and other uses, including a beautiful walkway and park at other times.
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Figure 178 Farmer’s Market, Marion Square, Charleston, South Carolina
Figure 179 Partick Farmer’s Market
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Figure 180 Partick Farmer’s Market
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Colston Church Square
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Colston Church Square This is one of 2 nodes within the masterplan site. Designed to be the most urban of areas this is the concentration of businesses and services amongst an attractive public square with hard and soft landscaping framing the church. A pedestrian section of Egilsay Crescent opens the space up for safety of movement as one of the 2 primary routes passes through here in order to boost activity. The housing is the densest with blocks of 5 storey flats accentuating the corners, nodding to the importance of this public space. This space is hoped to be a recognisable neighbourhood centre; a hub of services a concentration of shops with perhaps some cafes and restaurants – the point locals travel to for quick services – a social coffee, pick up some milk or to grab some food on the go. The space around the square is intended to be an open area for sitting in the sun, taking dogs for a quick walk or to allow the church to spill out onto the streets on busy days. Figure 181 Location of Glentanar Farmer’s Market
Figure 182 Section through pedestrian lane during day-time
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Figure 183 Section through pedestrian lane during day-time
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Phasing The importance of phasing in a development should not be downplayed – well chosen timing can make a noticeable impact on the success of site – at the very least in the short term. Bad phasing decisions could mean new housing but no services to go with them, or great new service provision stifled by inadequate transport services to access it. Our sequence of phases are structured in a manner that is pragmatic. We accept that it is possible for longer term initiatives not to be met within the 30 year period. Therefore our timeline aims to provide limited disruption in terms of housing numbers in the short to medium term in Milton and also resilient to external forces that are seen and unforeseen. Two major external forces that face Milton, Glasgow and the United Kingdom in years to come include the UK’s departure from the European Union (Brexit) and a potential second Scottish Independence Referendum on Union with the rest of the UK. Both of these examples bring about a level of uncertainty politically and economically that may cause downturns and recession to cities such as Glasgow. Historically, regions such as Milton were impacted the most by such events. Moreover, a global shift to the political spectrum’s fringes is leading to a potentially hostile approach towards sustainability and progressiveness in design. We realise that it will require courage from both designers and local authorities to weather political scepticism and economic headwinds many decades ahead We aim for our timeline to pave the way for a resilient, liveable and workable implementation of Milton 2.0. The Milton 2.0 development timeline of implementation is phased over five stages. The five stages are categorised into three time periods, short term, medium term and long term. The short term takes place in the first phase during years 0 to 5. The medium term is broken into two phases (the second phase, 5 to 10 years, and the third phase, 10 to 15 years). The long term consists of the two further phases, the fourth phase 15-25 years and the fifth phase 25 years+. Fig. X: xxx
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Short term | Phase 1 (0-5 years) During the first phase, development will focus on the western part of the site, with the canal being a primary focus. The new canal side promenade will be constructed along with 2 new bridges (one in the north for pedestrians and cyclists and one in the south for just pedestrians). Concurrently, the new canal side brewery, museum and enterprise centre will be built. The bakery will be renovated with a new visitors centre added. Alongside the new brewery, the construction of Allied Bakeries’ visitor centre means that two of the three vertices in the triangle of activity are running within five years. The canal side townhouses and are constructed during this stage, as well as the new neighbourhood streets Glentanar Gardens Drive, Ronay Drive, Hildasay Avenue and Fara Lane that serve the new homes and canal promenade. It is important that the early phases to build new homes before many existing houses are demolished so that there is no major deficit in housing during the development of Milton 2.0. The Bressay street connecting Balmore Road and Glentanar Road near St Agnes Church is completed during this phase along with the new park around the church. In addition, more new streets will be constructed during in Phase 1 including the new southbound extension of one portion of Hillswick Crescent onto Glentanar Road as well as a new extension of Glentanar Road is built connecting it to Castlebay Street.The new connections meet at a new junction, south of the Dolls Houses, that will shaped and designed to safely allow traffic to enter and depart Glentanar Road. Furthermore at the Dolls Houses, Hillswick Crescent will have an eastbound extension connecting it to Castlebay street. These will both help the Dolls Houses have better connectivity to the Industrial Estate and the East of Milton, thus making them truly a part of the urban fabric of Milton. The Scaraway and Castlebay tower blocks will see new landscaping around them to better connect Milton with the Green Belt.
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Figure 184 Street Phase 1
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Figure 185 Phase 1 (0-5 years)
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Medium Term | Phase 2 (5-10 years) The first quarter of this phase will see the node near the south of the canal and St Agnes Church completed. Phase 2 of Milton 2.0 will see new apartments (some with space for retail on the ground floor) be built south of the Dolls Houses and looking out onto Glentanar Gardens and the Linear Park, where a new weekly farmer’s market will be held plus the potential for other events. This will complete the Triangle of Activity, as well as complete a new green axis to the canal. Further new housing will be built on the land to the east of the bakery with a new extension built for Glentanar Place (now no longer a cul-de-sac) connecting southward towards Liddesdale Road with new neighbourhood street connections west to Strathmore Road. New houses will also be build to the south of the Bakery with a new block formation and neighbourhood streets to serve them. These streets connect Balmore Road to Glentanar Road, which then is connected to Strathmore Street. It is during this phase that work on the other Node in the site, the New Colston Church square, begins. This will see road connections from Glentanar Street and Castlebay Street connecting to Scaraway Street around the square (moving onto the rest of Milton) and also the construction of new pedestrianised street connected to the square.
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Figure 186 Street Phase 2
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Figure 187 Phase 2 (5-10 years)
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Medium Term | Phase 3 (10-15 years) The previous phases focused on infill development and empty land to maximise the life span of existing houses. Now the demolition of old evacuated homes can begin. Rebuilding of new homes and services will begin around the church square around that node. The first half of this phase will see the completion of the construction of the new Colston church square construction. New neighbourhood streets (Swona and Switha) south of Egilsay Street and a new neighbourhood street Stromay Street (between Torogay Street and Castlebay Street) will be constructed with new homes as the demolition of old homes will allow for the creation of new blocks. These neighbourhood streets will eventually link to Liddesdale road in the next phase, completed a new grid street network that brings connectivity to this area of Milton. As construction at the node is completing, construction of houses on Liddesdale Road and new Liddesdale Road streetscape will commence. The construction on Liddesdale Road will be seen a landmark moment as it signifies the transition of the development from medium to long term stages.
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NTS Figure 188 Street Phase 3
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Figure 189 Phase 3 (10-15 years)
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Long Term | Phase 4 (15-25 years) As Phase 4 is the final phase, this will consist of mainly demolition of the old housing stock to the north of Liddesdale Road and the rebuilding of new homes, leading into the newly created southern end of the neighbourhood streets Swona Street and Switha Street. This approach maximises the lifespan of the existing housing stock and ensures at the point of demolition, the process is as economically justifiable as possible. The new blocks that are created improve connectivity to Colston Church and Liddesdale Road. Moreover a new park, where Egilsay and Longay Street meet, is constructed with a pond (a SUD strategy) gives residents on this region of our site a new amenity. This will complete the Liddesdale Road area of the site. Also there will be the construction of new homes, streets and blocks around where Balmore Road and western extension from Phase 1 of Liddesdale Road meet.
NTS Figure 190 Street Phase 4
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Figure 191 Phase 4 (15-25 years)
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Long Term | Phase 5 (25 years +) Within 25 years all the projected construction will be completed. However the age of Dolls Houses and Scaraway and Castlebay tower blocks will be reaching a point at which a decision in terms of their renewal is needed. Milton 2.0 proposes renovating the Dolls Houses. The street network in Milton 2.0 has allowed this part of Milton along with the Industrial/Enterprise Zone to achieve better connectivity to the rest of Milton’s urban fabric. When it comes to the tower blocks, we believe that the housing stock and density created by the new nodes and housing will be sufficient enough for the towers as place for dwelling to end. However having landscaped the area around the tower blocks in the first phase, we are not seeking to demolish the tower blocks but to see them reborn. Milton 2.0’s vision values sustainability. Hence, the tower blocks have a bright and progressive long term future as vertical farms. Milton 2.0 considers and envisages the tower blocks having each floor being used to grow herbs, grains, fruits and vegetables. Adding to the stock of produce provided by the community garden and orchard. Having the farmer’s market to sell locally and utilising the canal as a means of delivery to the city and region. It will help enhance the self sustainability that Milton 2.0 aims to have achieved for the Milton by this point in the development timeline. This idea is a concept at this stage but it is vital that a sustainable longer term approach to Milton is a goal from here on out.
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Figure 192 Phase 5 (25+ years)
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Roundup
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Milton Recommendations This masterplan covers roughly one third of the overall Milton site of this project. The vison for Milton although shaped by the analysis of the overall site has been focussed onto this site – what is best suited to this part of Milton? As a result many of the things that were identified as lacking in Milton have been reserved for areas elsewhere outside the boundary of this site where they will be more suitable or better placed. Secondary School: We all agree Milton should have a secondary school, this was a pertinent issue that arose in the analysis phase. However, this would be better suited in a central location of Milton to maximise accessibility, or perhaps somewhere in the broader north Glasgow landscape – but closer to Milton than the existing schools that serve the area. With the new levels of density that this masterplan lay out there would be no issues with sustaining a new school. Railway Station: 3 out of 4 of our strategy groups featured a railway station to the east of Milton where it would be easiest to implement. This makes economic sense as it would be built on an existing railway line that is well established and connects to the rest of the city. Railway expansions are tremendously expensive and can be disruptive so these should be carefully considered. Industrial Units: Balmore Industrial Estate is currently located on what is a focal point of this masterplan. This is prime land that if developed properly can be hugely desirable and will likely command a price premium. The industrial estate does not maximise this, these units ignore the canal and could be better placed in areas of lower value less significance. Many of these have been placed within the masterplan as ‘workshops’ or ‘services’ in the courtyards of flats or on blocks of unusual sizes. Further units should be placed in mixed use areas or, heavy industries in enclaves away from residential spaces to reduce noise. These should be well connected with proximity for primary roads as the ones in this masterplan are.
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Health Services: Milton’s health statistics make for uncomfortable reading, even in the context of Glasgow which already lags behind many of its sister cities. Drug and alcohol abuse rates, life expectancy and mental health are all areas of particular concern and assistance beyond a typical doctors surgery should be considered. Swimming Pool: Milton Talks a Love Milton community survey identified a swimming pool as one of the top desires of locals. Currently the nearest local authority pool is over 1.5 miles away, this is an unusually high distance to travel within the Glasgow city boundary, probably justified currently by Milton’s low density and population in relation to the other city districts. A facility like this would help with entertaining Milton’s youth and boosting health statistics.
Figure 193 Life expectancy in Lambhill and Milton
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Community Engagement The most important thing when making decisions for Milton has been an understanding of the place, the people and their needs. Planners or developers run the risk of producing plans for places that are clinical and detached because of lack of involvement or understanding of what is needed, but this has not been the case for us. Over the course of these projects we have examined every aspect of Milton which enables us to outline plans in accordance to what is really necessary, and thus create arguably a more efficient development plan. An outsiders perspective without research simply looking at Milton on a map would fail to register the very distinct identities of the various sites within the boundary and notice just how fragmented some areas in Milton feel. So the process of detailed research of the site has proven hugely beneficial. Discussing Milton with the residents and members of local projects has been a fantastic resource and enables a perspective that simply cannot be recreated by reading about or walking around Milton. It is those who have experienced living in Milton who know best what works and what does not. From this we could identify key areas that needed assessed and were able to seek sustentative evidence to support locals’ opinions or claims. For example – the lack of a secondary school and the issues that this causes for schoolchildren while commuting was raised by a local and research revealed widespread criticism of the secondary school infrastructure in north Glasgow, with concerns of an ‘education vacuum’ developing.
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Feedback Process The development process has relied heavily on conferring with Sergio and Ombretta as well as our classmates. We are encouraged to call upon the shared knowledge of the class and utilise other expertise and understanding – our backgrounds in the project have all been mixed and unique with regards to which analysis group were in and then the approach to the strategy phase that we took. The result has been a very long process of trial and error with the final masterplan ultimately looking very different to our many of our initial sketches – in some cases ideas failed spatially, in others changes were made with an economic or social conscience. We were guided to look upon this project with various perspectives to avoid becoming jaded or repetitive. There was emphasis on how it will feel to experience and walk through what we are designing, ultimately these drawings that we create are places to be utilised in everyday life so the quality of the way they function for people is paramount; the importance of quality of place and placemaking should never be underestimated. This process often involved undoing or drastically rethinking plans that were often far down the development process which involved major revisions, but this refining process is valuable and leads to an overall better design with a more considered approach. The discussion process with the lecturers is was one of the most important resources for this project. A forum for sharing knowledge and discussing ideas is crucial as there are different educational backgrounds contributing different opinions on matters and this can make for a balanced and well rounded approach but it can also lead to debate regarding the which is the correct approach. This is just one respect in which discussion with the lecturers was useful – they were able to provide clarity of the logic of our decisions, even if this was often drastically changing them or rubbishing them completely. However, this has been a learning process after all, so we understand the need for expertise to refer to.
Milton 2.0
Academic Journey The process of developing this booklet and the ones before it has been a challenging one. This learning process has pushed us all to learn new skills and adapt to the variety of demands that a body of work this large and complex requires. This masterplanning phase has undoubtedly been the most intense and demanding of steps and has meant a great deal of compromise, determination and patience. However, it has also been the most rewarding. The culmination of so much previous research gives a sense of reaching a destination and achieving a goal. Spending so much time in each other’s company has meant this group has learned cooperation and communication skills that are transferrable to any workplace or educational task and will be of benefit to us all. This process has brought us together as a team to develop a friendship that goes beyond the confines of this university course.
Masterplan
Conclusion
The people of Milton for too long have lived in a region that has felt disconnected, with a lack of services and amenities. Milton is not alone in these issues that this entire studio module has raised, but it does have the opportunity to be at the forefront of setting a positive blueprint to tackle the problems associated with the UK urban periphery. Glasgow is a city that has been associated with its connection to water. The Clyde is to the city what the aorta is to the human heart. Milton is lucky to be naturally bounded on its western edge to a canal that we believe can be the catalyst for the development, Milton 2.0. The canal will be the site of new amenities such as a beer garden, arts and business centre and museum. Moreover, residents can rent kayaks and even take trips on barges. Thus utilising the canal as a sustainable way to travel. The canal forms the gateway to nature and literally bridges the gap between urban and rural due to new and improved foot and cycle bridges. No longer must their be a harsh divide between urban and rural. Milton’s inception was due to the problems caused as a result of industrialisation e.g. overcrowding and slum clearances. The idea behind Milton’s founding was noble but unfortunately time has proven that it fell short. Milton 2.0 aims to use the Balmore Industrial site as the place for a micro industrial revolution that will bring about opportunity in Milton. Balmore can help shape Milton as a neighbourhood geared towards sustainability. Recycling yeast for beer brewing and to aid composting for the community garden and orchard. A new market allows Milton residents to turn their produce into a business model that can generate capital for the neighbourhood and set a precedent for sustainable living. A new road network connects the industrial region to the east of Milton’s urban fabric. Moreover, the Doll’s Houses are now better connected south to the industrial site and to the east to a new node at Colston Square. The street and block formation has allowed for quality of spaces. Special areas along the canal and into the new nodes and squares. The standard of materials also reflects an increase in quality. The existing housing stock is replaced with higher standard dwellings that allow for less car dependence and a walkable neighbourhood. These neighbourhoods walkability is also aided by the increased attractiveness. Tree lined streets and new paving materials make the vistas and characteristics a pleasant experience. The exploitation of nature to create a linear canal promenade is a testament to the attractive spaces and places created. Importantly, this masterplan has been designed not only for the now but phased looking beyond the next 25 years. Longevity and resilience is the key to any neighbourhood being a place that residents can live with, work in, grow up and become fondly attached to. Longevity can only be truly achieved with a desire on all sides; from residents, local authorities and national governments to work to protect neighbourhoods from external challenging forces be they economic, political and environmental. “The form of resilience is made of relatively small components which can adapt, assemble and reassemble...structures versatile enough to respond in different contextual and cultural manners to similar pressures” (O. Romice, S. Porta, 2015) MIlton 2.0 is not about starting from a blank slate but taking what already is inspiring in Milton, such as the bottom up community initiatives and using them as the catalysts for redevelopment. So it is with this vision to make the site in Milton sustainable, connected, attractive, with quality and longevity that Milton 2.0 hopes to give the people of Milton a 21st century neighbourhood to call home.
Milton 2.0
References
Boden, Mike, “Achieving Sustainability In The Craft Brewing Industry “ (2012). Environmental Studies Undergraduate Student Theses. Paper 89. Available at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/envstudtheses/89 Glasgow City Council. 2014. City development plan. Background paper 13. Green Belt Review. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler. ashx?id=19223&p=0. [Accessed 15 February, 2017] Glasgow City Council. 2015. Ruchill Park. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/index. aspx?articleid=16594. [Accessed 19 November 2016]. Glasgow City Council. 2015. Springburn Park. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/index. aspx?articleid=16595. [Accessed 19 January 2017]. Jurado J., Sorensen H., Towards zero waste in beer production New trends for brewery solutions. Denmark. Gov.uk. (2017). A Decent Home: Definition and guidance for implementation. [online] Available at: https://www.gov. uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7812/138355.pdf [Accessed 7 Apr. 2017]. Department of Sustainabilty and Environment. (2015). ACTIVITY CENTRE DESIGN GUIDELINES. [online] Available at: https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/5451/Activity_Centre_Design_Guidelines.pdf [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017]. Gov.scot. (2015). Age, Home And Community: A Strategy For Housing For Scotland’s Older People: 2012 - 2021. [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/12/16091323/0 [Accessed 6 Apr. 2017]. Dibble, J. (2012). MScUD 2009-10: Block analysis and Local Urban Code (LUC). « UDSU. [online] Udsu-strath. com. Available at: http://www.udsu-strath.com/msc-urban-design/2010-2011/2-1-5-2-end-of-year-exhibition-2010/2-1-5-2-3blockcoding/mscud-2009-10-block-analysis-and-local-urban-code-luc/ [Accessed 28 Feb. 2017]. Feliciotti, A. (2012). Book the big city challenge. [online] issuu. Available at: https://issuu.com/alessandrafeliciotti/ docs/ book_-_the_big_city_challenge [Accessed 28 Jan. 2017]. Glasgowcanal.co.uk. (2015). Glasgow Canal Regeneration: Redevelopment projects on Glasgow’s canal. [online] Available at: http://www.glasgowcanal.co.uk/regeneration-projects/forth-and-clyde-canal-action-plan [Accessed 19 Mar. 2017]. O. Romice, S. Porta (2015) Plot Based Urbanism: A roadmap to Masterplanning for Change. University of Strathclyde, Department of Architecture, Glasgow, UK. [online] Available at: https://pure.strath.ac.uk/portal/files/41624351/ Romice_Sergio_JAOU_2015_Plot_based_urbanism_a_roadmap.pdf Orwell, G. Unknown Pointer, G. (2005). The UK’s major urban areas. [online] Available at: http://file:///C:/Users/User/ Downloads/03fopmurbanareas_tcm77-251920.pdf [Accessed 7 Apr. 2017]. Power, A. (2006). Making All Communities Sustainable –No Other Choice. [online] Available at: http://www.greenalliance. org.uk/resources/30.01.06%20Prof%20Anne%20Power%20presentation.pdf [Accessed 1 Apr. 2017]. Power, A. (2016). Does demolition or refurbishment of old and inefficient homes help to increase our environmental, social and economic viability? - LSE Research Online. [online] Eprints.lse.ac.uk. Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/33116/ [Accessed 3 Feb. 2017]. Scotlandhousingcrisis.org.uk. (2017). Scotland’s housing crisis. [online] Available at: http://www. scotlandhousingcrisis.org. uk/ [Accessed 28 Mar. 2017]. SIBA. (2016). SIBA. [online] Available at: http://www.siba.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Annual-report_lores.pdf [Accessed 13 Feb. 2017].
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Location of Milton in relation with the City Centre and The West End, produced by authors 7 Figure 2 Housing Awaiting Demolition, produced/edited by authors 8 Figure 3 Unpopular Housing,produced/edited by authors 8 Figure 4 Liddesdale Road Flats, produced/edited by authors 8 Figure 6 Overall Project Framework, produced/edited by authors 10 Figure 7 Drawing the city development diagrams Group 1, Analysis Booklet 13 Figure 8 Final Map of Milton (Group 1, Analysis Booklet) 14 Figure 9 Milton 1980, produced/edited by authors 15 Figure 10 Milton 1960, produced/edited by authors 15 Figure 11 Milton 1930, produced/edited by authors 16 Figure 13 Milton 1980, produced/edited by authors 16 Figure 12 Milton 1950, produced/edited by authors 16 Figure 14 Milton 1990, produced/edited by authors 16 Figure 15 Betweenness, Closeness Straightness, Group 5, Analyis Booklet 18 Figure 16 MCA Study, Group 5, Analyis Booklet 18 Figure 17 Main planning policies Group 3, Analysis Booklet 19 Figure 19 Safe and danger map, Group 4, Analysis Booklet 20 Figure 18 Fear zones, Group 4, Analysis Booklet 20 Figure 20 Vision Scheme (Group 2) produced/edited by authors 24 Figure 21 Liddesdale Road reimagined (Group 4), produced/edited by authors 24 Figure 23 Proposed section across Liddesdale Road (Group 2), produced/edited by authors 25 Figure 22 Strategic Plan (Group 4), produced/edited by authors 25 Figure 24 Canal Revitalization as a catalyst (Group 2), produced/edited by authors 26 Figure 25 Canal Strategy (Group 2), produced/edited by authors 26 Figure 26 Strategic Plan (Group 2), produced/edited by authors 27 Figure 27 Environmental schemes produced/edited by authors 27 Figure 29 Existing Milton block form (Group 1) produced/edited by authors 28 Figure 28 Improved connectivity (Group 1) produced/edited by authors 28 Figure 30 Canal Strategy (Group 1) produced/edited by authors 29 Figure 31 Strategic Plan (Group 3A) produced/edited by authors 31 Figure 32 Vision of Liddlesdale Road (Group 3B) produced/edited by authors 31 Figure 33 Industrial Area Warehouses produced/edited by authors 35 Figure 34 Scaraway Street Flats produced/edited by authors 35 Figure 35 Scaraway Street Flats produced/edited by authors 35 Figure 36 Map showing lack of services produced/edited by authors 36 Figure 37 Glasgow ‘s Population over time 39 Figure 38 Map outlining public green spaces and the green corridors linking them produced/edited by authors 41 Figure 39 Main objectives for Milton produced/edited by authors 42 Figure 40 Design Area in the context of Milton produced/edited by authors 47 Figure 41 Industrial area businesses produced/edited by authors 49 Figure 42 Chart showing the housing shortage in the UK and the recent reduction in housing completions and shortage of affordable homes, Glasgow University Lecture 51 Figure 43 Current Concept Plan produced/edited by authors 53 Figure 44 Lack of connectivity between residential and industrial area produced/edited by authors 57 Figure 45 Areas of vacant and derelict land produced/edited by authors 58 Figure 46 Lack of connectivity between residential and industrial area produced/edited by authors 59 Figure 47 The Clyde Canal disconnected from Milton produced/edited by authors 60 Figure 48 Lack of connectivity between residential and industrial area produced/edited by authors 61 Figure 49 Areas of flooding produced/edited by authors 62 Figure 50 Areas for new developments produced/edited by authors 65 Figure 51 Areas that can support better connections produced/edited by authors 66
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Figure 52 Environmental connectors produced/edited by authors 67 Figure 53 Environmental connectors produced/edited by authors 68 Figure 54 Initial strategic sketches produced/edited by authors 69 Figure 55 Strategic Plan produced/edited by authors 71 Figure 56 Beer production ingredient diagram produced/edited by authors 72 Figure 57 Sustainable cyclic economic strategy diagram produced/edited by authors 73 Figure 59 Reuse of packaging produced/edited by authors 76 Figure 58 Transportation and distribution of beer produced/edited by authors 76 Figure 60 Cyclic Economy Strategy produced/edited by authors 79 Figure 61 Proposed Concept Plan produced/edited by authors 83 Figure 62 Existing Density produced/edited by authors 87 Figure 63 Proposed Density produced/edited by authors 87 Figure 64 Lack of nodes in Milton produced/edited by authors 88 Figure 65 Lack of significant street connections produced/edited by authors 90 Figure 66 Existing Street Hierarchy produced/edited by authors 91 Figure 67 Proposed Street Hierarchy produced/edited by authors 91 Figure 68 Proposed Green “bridges� to tie Milton into the Green infrastructure produced/edited by authors 92 Figure 69 Existing environmental network produced/edited by authors 93 Figure 70 Proposed environmental network produced/edited by authors 93 Figure 71 Existig Public Transport Infrastructure produced/edited by authors 95 Figure 72 Proposed Public Transport Infrastructure produced/edited by authors 95 Figure 73 Possible Vistas produced/edited by authors 96 Figure 74 Vista 1 produced/edited by authors 97 Figure 76 Vista 3 produced/edited by authors 97 Figure 78 Vista 5 produced/edited by authors 97 Figure 75 Vista 2 produced/edited by authors 97 Figure 77 Vista 4 produced/edited by authors 97 Figure 79 Confirmation - Transformation Buildings produced/edited by authors 98 Figure 80 St. Agnes Catholic Church produced/edited by authors 99 Figure 81 Scaraway Towers produced/edited by authors 99 Figure 82 Miltonbank Primary School produced/edited by authors 99 Figure 83 Colston Church produced/edited by authors 99 Figure 84 Development sketches produced/edited by authors 103 Figure 85 Foundation Masterplan produced/edited by authors 105 Figure 87 Existing Castlebay Street produced/edited by authors 106 Figure 88 Proposed Castlebay Street produced/edited by authors 106 Figure 86 Initial street sections produced/edited by authors 106 Figure 90 Existing Street Network produced/edited by authors 107 Figure 89 Map showing the transformation of the street layout produced/edited by authors 107 Figure 91 Milton 2.0 Masterplan produced/edited by authors 137 Figure 92 Proposed Masterplan produced/edited by authors 139 Figure 93 Location of character area produced/edited by authors 143 Figure 94 Leith, Edinburgh [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.understandingglasgow.com/assets/0002/1262/ Lambhill_and_Milton.pdf 144 Figure 95 Leith, Edinburgh [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.ownersdirect.co.uk/accommodation/p8163380 144 Figure 96 Wide public walkway among green space, [ONLINE], Google Earth 145 Figure 97 Waterfront as social gathering space [ONLINE], Google Earth 145 Figure 98 Broad public walkway along waterfront [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/ jeffzycinski/2009/05/paris_on_the_ness.shtml 145 Figure 99 Houses orientated towards water [ONLINE] Available at: http://ninewells-cambridge.co.uk/ 146 Figure 100 Houses orientated towards water [ONLINE] Available at: http://ninewells-cambridge.co.uk/ 146 Figure 101 Location of character area produced/edited by authors 147 Figure 103 Less dense terraced houses on neighbourhood road [ONLINE], Google Earth 148 Figure 102 Dense tenement flats on main road [ONLINE], Google Earth 148
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Figure 104 Gorbals Courtyards Flats, photos taken by author 149 Figure 106 Gorbals Flats, photos taken by author 149 Figure 107 Gorbals Townhouses, photos taken by author 149 Figure 105 Gorbals Flats, photos taken by author 149 Figure 111 Laurieston Townhouses, photos taken by author 150 Figure 109 Laurieston Flats, photos taken by author 150 Figure 110 Laurieston Flats, photos taken by author 150 Figure 108 Laurieston Townhouses, photos taken by author 150 Figure 113 Malmo, BO 01, Housing, communal public space [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.msaudcolumbia.org/ summer/?p= 3093 151 Figure 112 Malmo, BO 01 Aerial View [ONLINE] Available at: http://buildingoursustainablefuture.blogspot. co.uk/2012/09/european-village-in-bo01.html 151 Figure 114 Location of character area produced/edited by authors 152 Figure 115 Aerial view of Rieselfeld, Freiburgh, Germany [ONLINE] Available at: http://gellersworldtravel.blogspot. co.uk/2013/07/rieselfeldfreiburgs-other-model.html 153 Figure 116 Public transport incorporated into the residential areas [ONLINE] Available at: https://svenworld.com/freiburg-germany-city-of-the-future-part-ii-how-to-build-an-eco-suburb-from-scratch/ 153 Figure 117 Public Square centred around focal building, [ONLINE] Hoogle Earth 154 Figure 118 Square used for public activity [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.hri-architects.com/p_com_r5589.php 154 Figure 119 Masterplan Coded Area produced/edited by authors 159 Figure 120 Location of traffic calming visual produced/edited by authors 164 Figure 123 Proposed Longay Stret produced/edited by authors 165 Figure 121 Existing Longay Street produced/edited by authors 165 Figure 122 Current State of Street produced/edited by authors 165 Figure 124 Proposed Bruray Street produced/edited by authors 165 Figure 125 Existing Egilsay Crescent produced/edited by authors 166 Figure 127 Proposed Egilsay Crescent produced/edited by authors 166 Figure 126 Existing Strathmore Road produced/edited by authors 166 Figure 128 Proposed Liddesdale Road produced/edited by authors 166 Figure 131 Proposed Torogay Strett produced/edited by authors 167 Figure 129 Existing Torogay Street produced/edited by authors 167 Figure 130 Proposed Glentanar Road Junction produced/edited by authors 167 Figure 132 Proposed Glentanar Road Junction produced/edited by authors 167 Figure 133 Highline, New York [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.timeout.com/newyork/parks/highline 172 Figure 134 Hudson River Park [ONLINE] Available at: http://hudson-river-park.com/ 172 Figure 135 Canal Journey produced/edited by authors 173 Figure 138 St. Andrew’s Square [ONLINE] Google Earth 177 Figure 136 Location of St. Agnes Square produced/edited by authors 177 Figure 137 Current state of the location [ONLINE], Google Earth 177 Figure 139 St. Agnes Square produced/edited by authors 178 Figure 140 View of St. Agnes Square from St. Agnes Park produced/edited by authors 178 Figure 141 Location of Industrial History Museum produced/edited by authors 181 Figure 142 Location of Industry Museum produced/edited by authors 181 Figure 143 Museum terrace interacting with the public promenade produced/edited by authors 182 Figure 144 View of the Industrial Museum coming off the bridge produced/edited by authors 182 Figure 145 Proposed St. Agnes Park development sketches produced/edited by authors 183 Figure 146 Aerial View of Glasgow Green [ONLINE] Google Earth 184 Figure 147 Wilkinson Memorial drinking fountain, Williamstown, Australia, [ONLINE] Available at: http://vhd. heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/5460 185 Figure 150 Elder Park Rotunda , Adelaide Australia [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.trover.com/d/gvDY-elder-park-rotunda-adelaide-australia 185
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Milton 2.0 Figure 148 Ornate Veranda at prestigious Raffles Hotel, Singapore [ONLINE] Available at: http://travel-tips.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/singapore-raffles-hotel.htm 185 Figure 149 Canopy at Glasgow’s Central Station, [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/glasgow-central-station.html 185 Figure 153 Location of the Creative and Business Centre produced/ edited by authors 189 Figure 151 The Whiskey Bond - night view [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.emubands.com/blog/moved/ 189 Figure 152 The Whiskey Bond - day view [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.thewhiskybond.co.uk/the-whisky-bond-glasgow/ 189 Figure 154 View of the Creative Arts and Business Centre produced/edited by authors 190 Figure 155 Creative Arts and Business Centre front promenade, produced/edited by authors 190 Figure 156 Location of the Brewery Bar produced/edited by authors 193 Figure 157 Glen Douglas Pub, Milton Library 193 Figure 160 Glen Douglas Pub produced/edited by authors 194 Figure 158 View of the brewery produced/edited by authors 194 Figure 159 View of the Beer Garden from inside the brewery produced/edited by authors 194 Figure 163 Drygate community gathering, [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.guiding-architects.net/brew-bottle-drygate-brewery/ 195 Figure 161 Drygate Entrance [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.guiding-architects.net/brew-bottle-drygate-brewery/ 195 Figure 162 Drygate Lounge [ONLINE] Available at: https://graven.co.uk/drygate-brewing-co-2/ 195 Figure 164 Drygate beer selection [ONLINE] Available at: https://graven.co.uk/drygate-brewing-co-2/ 195 Figure 165 WEST Brewery Garden [ONLINE] Available at: https://peoplemakeglasgow.com/glasgow-best-beer-gardens 196 Figure 166 WEST Brewery Garden [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.baysider.com/Business/West_Brewery_Bar_ Restaurant/Info/ 196 Figure 167 Growth in the industry [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.westbeer.com/brewery/ 196 Figure 168 Location of Glentanar Farmer’s Market produced/edited by authors 199 Figure 169 Diagrams showing different ground level uses produced/edited by authors 199 Figure 170 View of Farmer’s Market produced/edited by authors 200 Figure 171 Aerial View of Glentanar Farmer’s Market produced/edited by authors 200 Figure 172 Plan of Glentanar Farmer’s Market produced/edited by authors 201 Figure 173 Section of Glantanar’ Farmer’s Market produced/edited by authors 201 Figure 174 Farmer’s Market leading up to Possil Bridge produced/edited by authors 202 Figure 175 Farmer’s Market coming off Possil Bridge produced/edited by authors 202 Figure 176 Marion Square Charleston, South Carolina [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.charlestonfarmersmarket.com/ 203 Figure 177 Market Stalls ONLINE] Available at: http://www.glasgow.towntalk.co.uk/events/d/71975/partick-farmers-market 203 Figure 179 Partick Farmer’s Market [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.glasgow.towntalk.co.uk/events/d/71975/partick-farmers-market 204 Figure 178 Farmer’s Market, Marion Square, Charleston, South Carolina [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. charlestonfarmersmarket.com/ 204 Figure 180 Partick Farmer’s Market [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/47101250@N00/4267271984 204 Figure 181 Location of Glentanar Farmer’s Market, produced/edited by authors 207 Figure 182 Section through pedestrian lane during day-time produced/edited by authors 207 Figure 183 Section through pedestrian lane during day-time produced/edited by authors 207 Figure 184 Street Phase 1 produced/edited by authors 210 Figure 185 Phase 1 (0-5 years) produced/edited by authors 211 Figure 186 Street Phase 2 produced/edited by authors 212 Figure 187 Phase 2 (5-10 years) produced/edited by authors 213 Figure 188 Street Phase 3 produced/edited by authors 214 Figure 189 Phase 3 (10-15 years) produced/edited by authors 215 Figure 190 Street Phase 4 produced/edited by authors 216 Figure 191 Phase 4 (15-25 years) produced/edited by authors 217 Figure 192 Phase 5 (25+ years) produced/edited by authors 219 Figure 193 Life expectancy in Lambhill and Milton, [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.understandingglasgow.com/ assets/0002/1262/Lambhill_and_Milton.pdf 223
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