An integrated neighbourhood by Urban Design Studies Unit, University of Strathclyde

AN INTEGRATED NEIGHBOURHOOD IN THE CITY

Shel l ey Cra w f ord PgDip/MArch Advanced Architectural Design May 2019

AUTHOR

S h e l l e y C r a w f o r d

Department of Architecture University of Strathclyde Glasgow strath.ac.uk/engineering/architecture/ PgDip/MArch Advanced Architectural Design (AAD) MArch Architectural Design International (MADi) PgDip/MSc Urban Design

CONTENTS PREFACE i.

INTRODUCTION

ii.

K E Y F I N D I N G S F R O M A N A LY S I S S T A G E

History and Stories Drawing the Existing City Planning Framework Experiencing the City Network Analysis of Streets

i i i . K E Y F I N D I N G S F R O M ST R AT E GY STAG E Strategy SWOT Analysis City Development Visions Strategic Plan

iv.

CONCEPT MASTERPLAN EXISTING: Street Network Hierarchy Public Transport Routes Green Network Density and Nodes Concept Plan - Existing

PROPOSED: Street Network Hierarchy Public Transport Routes Green Network Density and Nodes Concept Plan - Proposed

FRAMEWORK & CODING

vi.

D E TA I L E D M A ST E RP L A N

Foundation Masterplan Conservation v Transformation Street Network, Transport, Edges & Density Phasing The Local Urban Code Character Areas - Residential - Channel 4 Creative Quar ter - New Local Main Centre -Educational Quar ter Detailed Masterplan Street Network -Urban Main Street - Duke Street -Local Main Street -Residential Street -Pedestrian -Conclusion

vii. SPECIAL AREAS

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

In the autumn of 2018, students of the Urban Design Studio were tasked by Glasgow City Council, Glasgow Housing Association and the University of Strathclyde with developing and proposing a new vision for the areas surrounding the High Street. Key to the briefing was to not only create better connections to the north and east of the city but by doing this increasing the urban density of the area and restoring it back to its for mer glory. A seemingly irreversible decline in the population of the area and lack of services still in place, this report seeks to change the undesirable aspects of the area such as unemployment, poor health, poverty and poor quality of life and through analysing, strategising and finally proposing a masterplan for the redevelopment of the High Street area, an Intergrated Neighbourhood once again reappears within the city.

PREFACE

High Street Study Area

High Street - Regional Context

Glasgow City Centre Strategy - Districts

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

i. INTRODUCTION The High Street are of Glasgow City Centre has been severely impacted by the decline in urban density, for many reasons including the clearance for the Motorway and closure of retail and services along the length of the street. Poor historic urban planning has lead to incoherent spacial structure, negative open spaces and poorly designed buildings and more importantly caused the area to be broken away from the the city centre,and High Street now creating a barrier into the east end of Glasgow. Further more the area has poor diversity and funtical uses however being within such close proximity to the heart of the centre and to many historical sites such as the Cathedral and Necropolis the area has high potential to attract people to a new neighbourhood. In response to these issues An Integrated Neighbourhood in the City seeks to create a coherent network that not only reconnects the city but creates new open spaces defined by new urban blocks. The first stage of the process was an analysis phase, broken into 5 components decribed in the table opposite. Each section was working on in groups and their findings infor med and framed the basis of the second stage, The Strategy. T This phase was followed by several weeks of developing a concept plan for the desi gn area before selecting a refined section for develop into a masterplan.

A NA LYS IS DRAWING THE CITY

HISTORY & STORIES

PLANNING FRAMEWORK

EXPERIENCING THE CITY

• To d raw th e study area c ov e rin g asp ects of the bu ilt environmen t. • To enh anc e aw aren ess of th e complex ity of the ur b an c an v as. • To b u ild u p the b asis of inf or mation for a ll suc c e ssiv e p hases.

• To unders ta nd the ev o l uti o n o f a pl a c e thro ugh ti m e. • To i ntegra te i nv es ti ga ti o n o f hi s to ri c s o urc es a nd s to ri es . • To repo rt a s pa ti a l na rra ti v e o f memo ri es thro ugh i ntera c ti o n wi th the c o m muni ty.

• To s t u d y a n a re a s s t r a t e g i c p ot e n t i a l b y a c l e a r, informed upto date understanding. • To re v e a l a m b i t i on s of l oc a l s t a k e h o l d e r s f or i t s d e v e l op m e n t . • To ov e r v i e w a l l re c e n t a c t i o n s a n d p roj e c t s i n s t i g a t e d b y t h e c i t y a n d ot h e r m a j or s t a k e h ol d e r s i n t h e a re a .

• To g a i n a n understanding of t h e a re a f rom t h e l oa c l s a n d f rom on e s o w n experience with m ore o b j e c t i v e analysis coming f rom s y s t e m a t i c map analysis. • To t r a c e t h e elements contributing to the image of a place.

NETWORK ANALYSIS • To m a p t h e p o t e n t i a l o f e ach urban space in t h e s t u d y a re a t o s u s t a i n a t hr i vi n g a n d d i v e r s e soci al life. • To t e s t a l t er n at i ve s c e n a r i o s of de v. of t h e s t re e t syst e ms. • To u n d e r t a ke t h e i m p a c t of l ocal d e s i c i on s on re m ot e s p ace s.

S TRATEGY • • •

•

To d ev el op rea l i s t i c u r b a n re g e n e r a t i o n pro gra mmes f o r the tra nsf o r ma tio n o f the a rea in th e larger u r b an c ont ex t . To c om p a re em e rg i n g i d e a s f o r c h a n g e a nd tra nsf o r ma tin a nd co mbine them to f o r m a ho listic strategy for t he st ud y a re a . To for mul at e di re c t i o n s f o r t h e i m p ro v e m ent o f the study a rea a nd its urba n co ntext a nd key impacts . To i l l ust r a t e t h e b e s t c o n f i g u r a t i o n o f i ts f ra mew o rk thro ugh the design o f hiera rchies o f centres , densi t i es and o p e n s p a c e s .

T H E R E G UL ATO RY F RA M EWO RK THE LOCAL URBAN CODE •

•

To c ar r y out a c o m p re h e n s i v e a n a l y s i s o f street front s sel ec t e d a s re p re s e n t i t i v e s o f typica l el em ent s of ex i s t i n g u r b a n f a b r i c . To g a i n a c l ea r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e m e t r ics a nd i nd i c at or s asso s s i a t e d w i t h t h e L U C a n d ho w th ese c an b e a p p l i e d t o t h e f i n a l m a s t e r pla n.

THE FOUNDATION MASTERPLAN •

• •

To set the bo unda ry o f the pro po sed mas terplan a nd w ithin tho se bo unda ries the propos ed streets la yo ut a nd hiera rchy. To def ine a rea s of co nf ir ma tion and tra nsf o r ma tio n. To co nstitute the regula to ry f ra mew o rk and the o vera ll rules f o r the develo pment o f the s tudy a rea in the f ina l ma sterpla n.

D E TAI L E D M A S TERPLA N • • •

•

To d efi ne t he fi n a l p ro d u c t o f y o u r w o r k a s urba n designers a cco rding to the rules set in the f o un dation m a st er p l an p ha s e , i n c o r p o r a t i n g t h e r u l e s o f the Lo ca l U rba n Co de. To d esi g n a c o m p l e t e m a s t e r p l a n t a k i n g into a cco unt the built-up enviro nment o rga nised in block s , st reet f ront a g e s a n d p l o t s c re a t i n g u r b a n spa ces. To d ef i ne t he a c t i v e f ro n t s , s t a g e s a n d roa d netw o rks. To d ev el op a n d d e s i g n t h e s p e c i a l a re a s crea ted w ithin the study a rea a nd to demo nstr ate an u nd er st a nd i ng o f t h e m t h ro u g h s k e t c h i n g a nd mo delling.

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

ii. K E Y F I N D I N G S F R O M T H E A N A LY S I S S T A G E

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

H i st or y & Stories Within the history and stories group, we were given tasks to study High Street and the surrounding area to learn how the area has developed throughout history and ways this could inform its future development. We researched the development of the study area over historic periods and how events during these periods have shaped and influenced the urban fabric throughout time. To do this, we undertook the following tasks: 1. Visiting the study area to get a feel for the place, look at and photograph some of the historic buildings that we noticed at the time, and gather initial ideas of how to take the project forward. 2. After visiting the site, we organized group protocols and created a Facebook group chat to discus our findings and created a Dropbox to share our files. 3. We then began to research the history of the High Street and divided up the surrounding areas between ourselves to also study. At this point we also began to study the historical maps and highlight how the urban fabric has changed over time. L O S T H IS T O RY

All of this research enabled us to understand what has caused the urban fabric to change over the different time periods, beginning from Medieval times right up to Modern Day. This also helped us to identify the problems that have resulted in the decline of High Street, of which we believe that transport is the main culprit. From here we began to colaite all of our research and begin to assemble the information. While doing this, we decided on the following structure: - Historical Narrative -A section running through the history of each time period and comparing the historical maps to show how they have changed over time. - Lost History - Showing what we have lost over time due to these changes. - Stories - Looking at stories within the study area from throughout history. - SWOT Analysis -Identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of High Street. - Conclusion -A summary of the booklet and our thoughts for the future of High Street.

S T OR IE S

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

H i st or y & Stories M e d i e va l

Mercantile

Industrial Revolution

Late - Modern

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

D r a wing t he Ex istin g City The aim of the Experiencing the Existing City group was to pick up an understanding and the visual portrayal of the region. Future examination is required to help distinguish the defining qualities and resulting impacts on the city. By isoÂlating the individual components of the urban fabric it enables the powerful factors to be recognized all the more effectively, these can be investigated and all things considered to pick up a major picture understanding. Consequently the key component that can be taken from the guide are distinguished, broke down and exhibited in the area. The Findings were then grouped for further review based on the overreaching implications and the compability with other findings.

Road Connectivity

Building Uses 14

Built Area

Green Spaces

Building Heights

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

P l a nning & Frame work T h e p u r p o s e o f the an al y s i s o f the P lanning Fr amewor k was; • To g i ve a n up to d ate u n d ers tanding of t he st udy area as it is t oday in ter ms o f i t s p o p ul ati o n, l and us e s and environment al condit ions. • To g i ve a n u n d ers tan d i n g o f what are t he ambit ions of t he loca l a nd m e t ro p o l i t i an s tak e -ho l d ers f o r t he area of development . • W h o i s i n t he s tud y area, p ri v ate, public owner ship and dist r ibut ion of pl a nned a n d b u i l t d ev el o p m e n ts . • H o w d o re si d en ti al , c o m m erc i a l and indust r ical areas connect ? • W h a t a re the s tu d y are a’s g round condit ions (soil, flooding r iver b a nk s . u n d e rg ro u nd tu n n e l s etc )? • H o w d o e s the are a f i t w i th the broader C it y P lan and what are t he ma i n ch a n g e s p lan n e d ? E n a b l i n g In fr as tru c tu re - Integ rat ed P ublic Realm (EIIP R) ‘Avenues P rogr a m’

G las g o w H o u s i ng As s o c i ati o n Pri or it y Areas

Glasgow Population by Gender and Age

High Street Population by Gender 17

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

C u r re n t D e vel o p m e n t Pro p o s al s

L an d O w n e r s h i p

In t he st udy area bound a ry t here are many ma j o r stakeholders who own parts of land who have g o o d int ent ions in devel o p i ng t he area. T he map s ho w s t he land owner ship o f the High St reet area. GC C owns most of t he la s t a nd use t he C DP as a wa y o f conveying t he po s s i b l e fut ure developments . GHA are also a majo r l a nd owner and have pla ns to repopulat e High Street wit h t heir dr ive t o pro v i d e inclusive social hous i ng i n t his area. 18

Tr ai n a n d S u bw ay S tati o n s

T h e re a re 4 t r ai n s tati o n s an d 3 subway st at ions wit hin t he boundar y. Tr ave l l i n g b y trai n i s th e m o s t c o nvienient for most t r aveling int o t he cit y fro m su rro u n d i n g to w n s , h o w e v er i s n ot t he best met hod for t r avelling wit hin the c it y, t h e re fo re the s u b w ay ne e d s t o be improved t o cover more of t he area s . Bu s S t o p s a n d Bus R o u tes

W it h i n t h e s t u d y area as the re as many areas not accessable by t r ain or su b w a y b u s rou tes h av e e b b e n i mpliment ed as a replacement . However there are s t i l l a re a s w h i c h c o u l d b e b et t er ser ved by bus st ops t o make t he cit y e asi e r t o t r a ve l i n . 19

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

E xp er iencing th e City T h is s e ct i o n o f the anal y s i s p hase deals wit h t he cognit ive and geog ra p hi c aspe ct s o f t he s tu d y are a c o m p a r ing it wit h ot her areas in t he cit y as w el l a s th o s e fu r t h e r af i e l d . The ai m s o f t he research was t o est ablish; • W h a t i s t he c o m p o s i te i m ag e of t he st udy area t hat t he resident s a nd p ro fe s s i o n al s ho l d and w h at are t he main differences? • W h a t a re t h e m ai n c harac h ter a reas, how accessible are t hy and how d o they li n k t o e a ch o th e r? • W h a t i s t h e p e rc e p ti o n o f s af et y t hroughout t he st udy area and what fe a tures co n t r i b u t e o r u n d er m i n e i ts l egibilit y? • W h a t i s t h e s tate o f m ai nten ance and repair around t he st udy area?

C har act er Are a s

Pe d e strian F low A n aly sis

T his analysis capt ures t he movement of pedest r ians wit hin t he st udy a rea . T he result s of t he analysis on H i g h St reet show t hat t he area is m o s tl y populat ed wit h vehicles. T he peri o d s of t ime dur ing r ush hour s was w hen t he area was most ly ped es ti a n populat ed. Tr affic crossings w ere densely populat ed a lot of t he ti me because of t he difficult y t o mo v e freely from one side of t he roa d to t he ot her due t o t he const ant v o l ume of t r affic r unning up and down H i g h St reet . T his demonst r at es a som ew ha t st agnant pedest r ian movement .

Safe A reas

T h e p e rce p t io n o f s af e are as differ s de p e n t i n g o n p ers o n an d gender h o w e ve r fro m the anal y s i s i t i s ap parent th at s p a ce s n ee d to b e d e s i g n e d t o feel saf e fo r a l l u se rs p as s i ng th ro u gh. T he re g e n e r a t i o n o f the s e â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;un s af e â&#x20AC;&#x2122; p l aces will provi d e a co l l e c ti o n o f o rd e red spaces th ro u g h o u t t he c i ty b y b ette r d e s i gn and in f r a s t r u ct u re b ei ng i m p l i m en ted while de a l i n g w i t h the i s s ue s o f v ac ant land an d p o o r s t re e t l i g h ti n g ad d re s s ed.

M ain tain an c e Le v e ls

T he degree of maint ance w i thi n t he char act er areas were ass es s ed in t er ms of not only t he qualit y a nd maint enance of t he built environment but also t he public and pr ivat e sp a c es . T his allowed a deeper under st a nd i ng when assessing t he percieved s ens e of space. T his aspect is imp o rta nt as t his can influence who is goi ng to pass t hrough t he spaces and fo r w ha t pur pose. It also has a large influenc e on t he percept ion of fear and pe rs o na l safet y. 21

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

N et wor k An aly sis of S tree ts

Centrality Study Area

I ntro duct i o n

T h e n e t w o r k a nal y s i s l o o k s to ad dress t he relat ionship bet ween t he st reet a nd pe d e s t r i a n n etw o rk the the i r c en t r alit y wit hin Glasgow C it y C ent re, par t icul a rl y th e H i g h S t reet area. Fu rth e r m ore it looks t o improve t he upon t he current lay o u t b y e xa m i n i ng and as s es s e ing alt er nat ive scenar ios for t he fut ure.

S t r a i g h t n e s s Cen tral i ty

is theorised that depending on how straight the route is fro m one place to another. The straighter a path, the easier somewhere is to find and simpler to deter mine bearing and orientation. Straightness improves the searchability of an area.

Cl o s eness C ent r alit y

works out how close you are physica lly to another plance. Perhaps the crudest for m of centrality. this takes into account the actual distance between places, from every node to every other node as the crow flies. Imagine looking out from a rooftop to deter mine what distance awat a certain location was.

Bet weenness C ent r a l i ty

measures the likelyhood that any given space in a city will propaply be passed through, when travelling between tow points. This is calculated by finding the shortest possible route between every node within the selected area. Consider which roads you often pass through when travelling between plac es.

What i s C en t r a lit y ?

I n i t s m o s t b as i c ter m s a c e n tral place is ‘a place t hat is close t o all others . T h is r a t h e r s i m p l e s tate m en t h o wever belies a much more complex and s ub tl e se t o f i n fo r m ati o n i n th e hi erarc hical st r uct ure and compar ison of place s . Tho u n d e r t a ke s u c h as s e s s m en ts th e cit y is viewed as an ur ban st reet net wo rk i n wh i ch t h e s t re e ts f o r m ed g e s o r v er t ices and t heir int er sect ions for m nodes . I t i s th e n p o s s i b l e to as s i ng a c e n tral i t y value t o each node t hrough a mat hem a ti c a l c omp u t a t i o n o f i ts p ro x i m i ty o r dist ance t o all ot her point s. T he t hree ind i c es o f c e n t r a l i t y w h i c h w i l l b e e x am i nes are; • B etw e e n n e s s Cen tral i t y which is based on t he idea t hat a no d e i s m o re c e n tral i f i t s tands bet ween many ot her nodes and pa s s i ng t h ro ug h th at n o d e i s t he shor t est and st r aight est way t o connec t n od es to e ac h o th e r. • Cl os e n e s s Ce n tral i ty which det er mines t he over all dist ance tha t s e p e rate s that no d e f rom any ot her node in t he net wor k. In o ther w o rd s , h o w c l o s e i s a places cent r alit y t o ot her s. • S t r ai g h tne s s Cen tral i t y measures t he accessibilit y of a no d e com p ari ng i ts ac tual dist ance t o all ot her nodes. High st r aightnes s t r an s l ate s i n to m an y direct rout es and easier navigat ion be tw een i n d i v i d ual no d e s .

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

Be twe e n n e ss Ce n trali ty

T he gener al consensu s of bet weenness from a cit y w i d e per spect ive of Glasgow ho w s t hat t here are many roa d s o f high bet weenness t oward s the cent r al business dist r ict. A s t his r adius expands t ow a rd s t he cit yâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s per ipher y, t he r a te o f bet weenness t ypically bec o mes less likely, t hough t here i s s ti l l a relat ive mix t hrougho ut the whole map.

Glob al Close n e ss

T his model shows t he closenes s cent r alit y of High St reet w i thi n a cit y wide cont ext of a 6k m r adius. W hile using t he c entre of t he cit y as a focal p o i nt, t his model clear ly shows the High St reet wit hin a high l ev el of cent r alit y t o t he cen tre o f t he cit y. T his high level s ho w s us t hat wit hin t his scale the High St reet has absolut el y z ero issues of cent r alit y and t ha t the issues it faces lie wit hin an o ther mapping for mat .

Loc al Close n e ss

T his model shows t he closenes s cent r alit y of High St reet w i thi n a cit y wide cont ext , on the same map except on t he 800m r adius. T his cont r ast s w i th t he previous diagr am a s the closeness is now mea s ured at a smaller scale t he refo re it gives a t r uer accou nt o f hoe closeness is measured . I t shows t he proximit y of ea c h st reet wit hin a defined r a d i us , meaning st reet s which a re closer t oget her and have mo re connect ions t o one anot her a re more cent r al t o t hose whic h a re longer wit h less junct ions a nd less connect ions bet ween o ne anot her.

S traig h tn e ss

Glasgow has a st reet netw o rk laid out in a gr id pat t er n . The cit y cent re has t he h i g hes t st r aight ness cent r alit y. There are few areas where the development is sca ttered and deviat e, result ing i n l o w cent r alit y. T hese areas need significant at t ent ion a nd design int er vent ions t o c rea te direct links t o t he main s treet t o improve t he st r aightnes s cent r alit y in t hese areas.

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

iii. K E Y F I N D I N G S F R O M T H E ST R AT E GY P H A S E

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

K e y Find ings From Strategy Pha s e

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

K ey Find ings From Strategy Pha s e Soil Conditions The permeability of the learning quarter of the city is mainly high, which is beneficial for rain removal. The Collegelands area is mainly made up of clay which makes it good for building on, however SUDs will have to be put in place as the drainage systems for the buildings further East are already at capacity. (Analysis Booklet 3, Planning Framework, 2018)

Low Permeability

■

High Permeability

■

Very High Permeability

Education Accessibility From analysing the education available at various levels within the study area, it is clear to see the some zones are not well covered. There is a lack of coverage in the west and south which needs to be addressed. Once this is solved, people will be encouraged to move into the city and raise families. There are four universities in the study area: Glasgow Art School, University of Strathclyde Glasgow Caledonian University as well as the City of Glasgow College. (Analysis Booklet 3, Planning Framework, 2018)

Nursery - Primary School Catchment Area • Catchment Area

Secondary School Catchment Area

- University

Flood Risk The area is at risk of coastal flooding, surface water and rivers. Most of the damage is caused by surface flooding. About 420 residential and 460 non-residential properties are at risk of flooding. The annual average loss is about £550,000. (Analysis Booklet 3, Planning Framework, 2018)

■ 30

Higher Flood Potential from Rivers

Lower Flood Potential from Rivers

Street Network On the left side of the High St. the street network is charac足 terized by a high density in the city centre, which is lost in the Strathclyde campus and in Townhead. This is caused by the different types of urbanization and the different confor足 mation of the ground. At the right of High St. the street net足 work is more rarefied and disconnected for the presence of residential neighbourhoods and green areas. The most im足 portant streets that cross High Street are: George St, Duke St, Argyll St. Gallowgate and London Rd. Therefore, two areas that required attentions are the crossings between these roads.

Topography The topography of the site highlights clear issues in the change of level which influence the area. As shown by the Sm-highlines, the area is divided in a steeper zone in the north and in a flatter zone in the south. So that the highest zones in the area are Townhead, the campus and the Necropolis. This can provide both some challenges and opportunities for the conformation of these zones and the link through the rest of the city. With these natural level changes there are also man-made topographical changes for the railway line.

Centrality The MCA analysis shows that the areas of poor connectivity are Townhead, Calton and Collegelands. These areas have lack of centrality in all its aspects, and each for different causes. Low centrality so close to high street means that the possibilities of creating a dynamic environment around it, which is fundamental for the development of the road itself, are drastically reduced. Therefore, it is essential to consider a changing in the conformation of the street network in these zones. Problems with low centrality could be eradicated, providing feasible and realistic plans for improved connectivity in areas that need development the most. These adjustments can provide the essential foundations for producing a solid and well-functioning urban society.

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

North - South Strategy

N or t h Sou th Strategy 1. Connecting Townhead to the Campus

Reconnecting the dismantled Town head area back into the city centre by allowing it to connect with the University of Strathclyde Campus, encouraging more people to populate the area and allowing the residents easier access into the city centre. By making these connections north to south and combining it with a new east to west main artery this creates a new heart for the Town head area, closer to the city centre.

Fig.OS Barony Hall, High Street, Town head

2. Connecting the Campus with the Tontine Building Create connections to allow the campus to be better linked to the Tontine Building and the Trongate area. This would bring allow a larger footfall to travel from the busier Trongate and Argyle Street area into and around the Strathclyde campus and High Street. The Tontine Buildings main aim is to support the growth and impact of businesses in the creative sectors to encourage collaboration, innovation and high growth. (Tontine Glasgow, 2016) This would be a great benifet to the city being more closely linked to the Strathclyde TIC building.

Fig.06 Trongate/Argyle Street Junction - Tontine Building

3. Connecting the Tontine Building to the South Better connecting the Tontine Building with the South of the city and the River Clyde, while improving the south side near to the River Clyde. Utilising the railway bridge and arches to the south and removing the St Enoch carpark to make better use of the space and encourage people to effectively use it, while creating a better crossing point to connect into the East side of the city from the centre.

Fig.07 St Enoch Car Park and Railway Line

Fig.09 Cathedral Street, a division betweenTown h ead and the City

Fig.10Tontine B u1·Id·ing a n d Trongate

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

East West Strategy

E ast West Strategy 1. Townhead

Connections from Townhead to Cowcaddens on the west side and High Street on the east are complex and limited. The pattern that the area was laid out in was random and ignored the history of the urban fabric in the area. Reintroducing the historic street that existed from Medieval times, would simplify and encourage access from Cowcaddens, through Town head to High Street. This street would become the new main street of Townhead that services & amenities could thrive off. Doing this would integrate Townhead and allow the area to densify.

Fig.11 Townhead before M8

2. Strathclyde University Strathclyde University is looking to expand their campus. With the recent developments of the lnovo and TIC buildings, there is a trend of expanding to the east. Expanding east onto the site which was once where Glasgow University was homed and the former Huntarian Museum, which was sadly lost, would return some of the stunning architectural heritage that was lost while also stamping once again, innovation and academic pride onto the site. Strathclyde University is also open to the idea of developing further east into the Calton area, which is already attracting creative developments, with the proposal of Channel 4's 'Creative Hub' getting the green light. In 2020 the new Learning and Teaching Building was be complete of North Portland Street. Fig.12 Learning and Teaching building

3. Calton The Gallowgate and the Barras have crime and culture aligned vividly in their history. The once thriving Gallowgate full of nightlife, and the Barras a bustling market, started to dwindle away due to the 'rife with crime' perception of the area. However the tide of perception is starting to turn. With the creation of BaAD in the area and new bars set to open, people are returning to the area for the nightlife as well as welcoming new creative types in. Although there is a physical barrier that one must pierce through; from the architecturally rich Trongate, to the underdeveloped Gallowgate and London Road on the other side. Improvements must be made to the Barrowland Park and we aim to have a flagship development on the site across from this. These improvements will entice people to pass through this threshold, and alter the perception of danger in the area.

Fig.13 Barras Art and Design

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East West Strategy North South Strategy

ďż˝ Potential Development Areas Tratileston

Fig.14 East West Strategy

Fig.15 Physical & perception threshold on Gallowgate looking east

Fig.16 Phsyical & perception threshold on London Road looking east

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Historic Centre Strategy

H i st or ic C en tre S trate gy 1. Retaining Historical Heritage

High Street has been around since the Medieval times when Glasgow was first founded but much of it rich history has been lost. Action must be taken to retain what history remains and take full advantage of local heritage assets which right now are unappreciated and often hidden away (High Street Area Strategy, 2018). There is opportunity here to teach people what Glasgow used to be like and what we have lost over time. The history of the area could be used to bring in more footfall but to do this the historical sites will have to be enhanced.

Fig.17 Glasgow Cathedral

2. Connecting the Cathedral to Cathedral Street One way of increasing footfall to the area would be making improvements to the connection of the Cathedral site to Cathedral Street. More active frontage along this street could be used to drive people towards the Cathedral site. This in turn would also bring more people towards High Street and also through the University campus. If possible it would ideal to create views of the Cathedral from the street to highlight the area. This could also encourage people towards the historic centre of the city. Currently the only active frontage along Cathedral Street is the bookstore at the Andersonian Library and a couple of pop up shops and cafes within the City of Glasgow College building. These shops will mainly only be used by students of the College or University who know they are there

Fig.18 City of Glasgow College on Cathedral Street

3.Bringing History Back Something else that could be done to benefit the area would be to bring some of the lost history back. Some examples of history that has been lost is Glasgow University which used to be on High Street and has now moved to the West End, the Huntarian Museum, St Enoch and Glasgow Cross train stations, and the Tolbooth. An example of bringing back some history could be bringing back the Glasgow Cross Train Station. It would fit back in to the urban fabric perfectly and would re-open transport conections that were lost years ago and improve footfall to the South of High Street. Another thing that could be done would be having monuments or landmarks to highlight what has been lost on that particular site. This could teach people a bit more about the history of Glasgow.

Fig.19 Glasgow Cross Train Station

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Historic Building

1 Cathedral Street Connection

2 Cathedral Site

3 Glasgow Cross

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Fig.20 Historic Centre Strategy

Fig.21 Glasgow Cross Station brought back to Trongate

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M ot or w ay S trate gy

Motorway Strategy Bruce Report The Bruce Report was published in March 1945. It influenced an intensive programme of regeneration and rebuilding efforts which took place in the city and surroundings from the mid-1950s and lasted until the late 1970s. The report proposed many high speed transport links one of which was the Glasgow Inner Ring Road which then became the M8 motorway; a motorway "box" which would have encircled the city centre. The proposed 'Glasgow Inner Road Ring' included a Renfrew motorway, a Monklands motorway, a Maryhill motorway, a Stirling motorway and a south eastern motorway connecting Glasgow with the wider motorway network. These proposals were not acted on until the 1960s when the initiative began as a sweeping programme of clearing and construction. The Monklands and Renfrew motorways were completed forming what is now known as the M8. These two motorways form the northern and western flanks of the planned ring road. However carving a motorway through long standing communities - much of Townhead, Sighthill and High Street were completely destroyed in its construction and caused such protest that the rest of the Inner Ring Road initiative was shelved.

Fig.22 Bruce Report Inner Ring Road Plan

Bruce's report recommended that the Eastern flank of the Inner Ring Road be constructed along the route of High Street. Again this would have necessitated the demolition of many properties, including some of historic and/or architectural value. It was shelved in the face of strong local opposition.

Action 1. Repairs must be undertaken to repair the urban fabric that the motorway has severed. Reductions can be made in reducing the footprint of the sprawling spaghetti junction into a roundabout. To create less strain and demand on the junction, we aim to reduce car traffic. Phasing out car parks in the city centre and increasing public transport connectivity to High Street will be instrumental to this.

Fig.23 Bruce Report Proposal for Eastern Flank Motorway on High Street

2. With less strain on the junction, this will allow the hospital to breath, which at the moment is a traffic hotspot. An architectural gem, can be made more visible and accessible to High Street, Town head and the city centre. This area should be made as stress free as possible. 3. Connections across the motorway are essential to invigorating neglected Townhead. Proposals are already in place to create a new footbridge to connect Sighthill to the city centre, and Townhead could benefit from an additional bridge to unite north and south again. Further connectivity improvements must also be undertaken to connect Townhead to the university campus.

Fig.24 Proposed landmark footbridge across the M8

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S WO T A na ly sis Stre ngt hs

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S WO T A na ly sis We aknes s es

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S WO T A na ly sis Op per t uni t ie s

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S WO T A na ly sis Th reat s

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National Planning Policy

N at ional Plan nin g Polic y

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National Planning Framework 3 (June 2014)

Ambition• Opportunity• Place �•thpfhol •�� ,.,,.._,,.,._

The National Planning Framework provides the context for development planning in Scotland. It also provides a framework for the spatial development in Scotland in the near future (20-30 years). The policy in the National Planning Framework shows the government's plans of leading Scotland towards a better future for everyone. (Scottish Government, National Planning Framework, 2014)

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Scottish Planning Policy

Scottish Planning Policy (SPP) lays out national policies which will guide the operation of the planning system. It is also used for the development and use of land. This planning policy has a very important role enabling the production of spaces that create a better and more successful Scotland. (Scottish Government, Scottish Planning Policy, 2014)

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� Fig.28 Scottish National Planning Framework 3, 2014

Regional Planning Policy

Clydeplan July 2017

The regional policy that covers High Street and the surrounding area we are looking at is the Clydeplan Strategic Development Plan 3. This version of the development plan intends to be a 'concise and visionary' strategic development which sets out a clear vision and spatial strategy for the area which is made up of eight local authorities, those authorities being; East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire. The policy is based on the Scottish Planning Policy and has ideas of how the areas that are required to push the region in a positive direction should be planned to help create: • A Successful and Sustainable Place • A Low Carbon Place • A Natural, Resilient, Place • A Connected Place (Glasgow and the Clyde Valley Strategic Development Planning Authority, Clydeplan, 2017)

Fig.29 Map of Scotland

Clydeplan*

Strategic Development Plan Ju!y2017

Fig.30 Clyde plan Strategic Development Plan, 2017

GGlasgow l asg ow City CouCouncil nc il Devel o pment Pl a n City

Development Plan (2017)

CITY COUNCIL

The Glasgow City Council's City Development Plan (CDP) is the current development and regeneration plan in place in Glasgow. It provides a planning framework and a 10 year vision into the future that aims to improve the overall wellbeing of the city. It hopes to do this by combining our existing assets and producing resilient places that revitalise areas that have been forgotten, and bring economic growth and character back into the city. (Glasgow City Council, City Development Plan, 2017) The strategic outcomes of the CDP strive towards the goal of Glasgow being: ''A vibrant place with a growing economy" An aesthetically pleasing and well designed Glasgow with the infrastructure and capabilities of supporting businesses of any size will make the city a more attractive investment location. ''A thriving and sustainable place to live and work" This outcome hopes to transform Glasgow into a city which is sustainable, vibrant and has distinctive places that are well designed, accessible, safe, healthy and inclusive, and provide for the city's growing and diverse population. ''A connected place to move around and do business in" By improving the connectivity of the city, making it easier and safer to travel actively, and by providing sustainable transport systems the city will become a more welcoming place that encourages movement and activity. ''A green place that is resilient, accessible and attractive" Glasgow's natural assets need to be protected, and be used in a sustainable way in which everyone can benefit from them now and in the future. Conserving and enhancing the quality of our environment, and promoting energy efficient practices are a common theme in the CDP. (Analysis Booklet 3, Planning Framework, 2018)

Fig.31 Policies of the Glasgow City Development Plan

The City Development Plan is made up of 12 key policies that give an outline to all developments being planned in the city. Each of the policies in the CDP are paired with a guidance document which shows how the key points can be achieved and includes information laying out to the steps that are needed to incorporate the policy themes into planning applications. CDP1- The Placemaking Principle CDP2-Sustainable Spatial Strategy CDP3- Economic Development CDP4- Network of Centres CDPS- Resources Management CDP6- Green Belt and Green Network CDP?- Natural Environment CDP8- Water Environment CDP9- Historic Environment CDP10- Meeting Housing Needs CDPl 1- Sustainable Transport CDP12- Delivering Development

Overarching Policies The Placemaking Principle' and 'Sustainable Spatial Strategy' (CPD1 and CPD2) are the two overarching policies of the City Development Plan that set the tone for how the development of the City should be guided in the coming years. This section will give a brief summary of the two policies followed by the current actions being taken that implement their visions. (Glasgow City Council, City Development Plan, 2017)

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET character + identity

CDP1 The Placemaking Principle The first policy in the CDP aims to advance Glasgow's user experience by taking a design-led approach to placemaking. By altering and developing the built fabric of the city the CDP aims to improve the health and well-being of its population and visitors by having a positive people ideology. The principle adopts a placemaking process that considers not just how the development will affect its immediate surroundings, but how it combines with the elements of the city around it to form a complex and dynamic whole. (Glasgow City Council, CPG1 Placemaking Part 1, 2017)

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successful open space

legibility + safety

ease of movement

vibrancy + diversity

adaptability + sustainability

Fig.32 Qualities of a Place Diagram

CDP2 Sustainable Spatial Strategy Policy number two in the CDP provides a spatial representation of the plan's strategy. The goal of achieving a compact inclusive city-form is expressed here, with the recognition that there must be targetted interventions in parts of the city to revive and reaffirm some areas that are currently being underused. (Analysis Booklet 3, Planning Framework, 2018) Fig.33 Map showing the 9 districts in Glasgow

Glasgow City Centre Strategy and Action Plan 2014-19 The City Centre Strategy and Action Plan is the plan currently in place for the area we are looking at. This plan provides context for the development in and around the City Centre establishing the vision of the GCC for Glasgow. The Action Plan is the Strategic Development Framework which contains the Districts Strategy Regenerational Framework in which the 9 districts are established and their invididual goals are set out. The plan hopes to see Glasgow continue its ambitious evolution by encouraging the following priniciples:

Fig.34 Glasgow City Centre Strategy and Action Plan

Economic Growth: Attract investment, expertise and entrepreneurship. Inclusion: Increase the access and attributes of the city centre for everyone. Sustainability: Support inovation and activities that provide long-term sustainable opportunities while protecting our natural resources. (Analysis Booklet 3, Planning Framework, 2018)

Glasgow City Region City Deal The Glasgow City Region City Deal is a 10-year development deal between the UK and Scottish Governments worth £ 1.13 billion. The deal allows the eight local authorities covered by the Clydeplan more power in the decision making processes that oversees the development in Glasgow. The funding is targetted at enhancing the infrastructure in the area to encourage social and economic development.This intends to drive innovation and growth in Glasgow with focus on sectors such as life sciences and technology which will produce benefits on a local and global scale. (Analysis Booklet 3, Planning Framework, 2018)

□

Pilot Scheme

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Phase1 •2017Onwards

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Phase2•2018Onwards

Phase 3•2019 Onwards

Fig.36 Avenues Program Phasing Map

GLASGOW CITY REGION

City Deal

Fig.35 Glasgow City Region City Deal

The Avenues Program The Avenues Program will have approximately £ 115 million put into the city to transform the streetscape of 17 of Glasgow's key streets and public spaces over the next 8 years. The phased project is right now constructing its pilot scheme on Sauchiehall Street. The streets road has been reconfigured to allow for the expansion of the pedestrian walking and cycling areas and improved public features in an effort to move away from the vehicle dominated nature which currently exists in many of Glasgow's streets making the area a safer, better connected environment. (Glasgow City Council, Enabling Infrastructure- Integrated Public Realm, 2014).

High Street Area Strategy 2019-2023 The High Street Action Plan is a 5-year strategy plan that focuses directly on the High Street area. The plan is a response to how the area has changed over time and is now left feeling broken and outcast from the rest of the city. The plan was created with the help of the community and public engagement and wants to take advantage of the historical heritage of High Street by improving the experience, and the physical connections that the street has. There are plans for 'Historic Glasgow Zones' which celebrate and protect the city's rich heritage. The Plan highlights the emerging Glasgow City Innovation District in the area and the importance it could have in revitalising the street, and providing support to businesses that will increase Glasgow's attractiveness as an investment location and place to be. (High Street Area Strategy, 2018)

Fig.37 High Street Area Strategy 2019-2023

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O ur V isions

S takehold ers V isions

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S tr at eg ic Plan

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i v. CO N C E PT P L A N STAG E

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S treet Network Hierarc y

EXI ST I N G The map of the existing street network indicates that within Glasgow City Centre and the surrounding area the small minor roads do not facilitate safe and efficient movement around the city, with many roads leading to the same destination. The M8 motorway is currently serving as a main barrier within the city, disconnecting Townhead and the north from the city centre amenities due to poor connections over it. Additionally the walkability within certain parts of the city such as High Street and Cathedral Street is limited, unsafe and not pleasant due to these being such busy key routes through the city.

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Pub lic Tr ansport Rou te s

EXI ST I N G A lth o u g h t h e re are a n u m b e r o f bus rou t e s t h ro u g h o ut G l as g o w l e ading to d e s t i n a t i o ns o utw i th the cit y c e n t re a n d t o the s urro un d i n g towns th e t r a i n l i n es are no t o p ti m i s ed t o th e i r fu l l p o t en ti al . Th e e x i s ti n g tr ain lin e t o t h e n o rth o f th e c i ty to w a rds S igh t h i l l i s n o w d i s u s e d al o ng wit h se v er a l l i n e s c o nn e c ti ng to th e east th ro u g h H i g h S tre e t. The s ubway sy st e m w i t h i n th e c i ty i s al s o not e x t e n s i ve e n o u g h to s e rv e al l areas me a n i n g i t i s n o t uti l i s e d to i ts full po te n t i a l .

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G reen Network

EXI ST I N G T h e g re e n s p ac e s w i th i n G l as g o w lack c re a t i vi t y a n d d es i re to b e w i thi n t he space o t h e r t han p as s i ng thro u g h as a sh o r t cu t . Th e m ai n are a w h i c h i s used re g u l a r l y i s G l as g o w G re e n , w i th ver y little o t h e r o p ti o ns ne ar b y w h i c h user s c an s i t a n d e n j o y d u e to the m being u n p l e a s e n t o r ru n d o w n . Th e large amo u n t s o f op e n s p ac e s an d nat ur al f or m cu r re n t l y i n th e c i ty c en tre m eans more s p a ce co u l d b e u s e d to c reat e an d p ro vi d e l a n d s c ap ed e n v i ro n ment s wh i ch p e o p l e w ant to s p e n d ti m e in.

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D ensit y an d Node s

EXI ST I N G A s E xp e ct e d, l o w u n i t d e n s i ty is apa re n t i n t h e an al y s i s o f th e cit y c e n t re t o w a rd s the H i g h S t reet are a i n co m p ari s i o n to f u rth e r west . W it h e xce p t i o n to the Tro ngat e an d G a l l o w g ate c ro s s i ng w hi c h is more d e n s e th e re s t o f the b u i l t up are a i s l o w e r. Th e Co l l eg el and s and su rro u n d i n g v ac an t l and f u r t her re d u ce d t h e o p p u rtu n i ti es to br ing back u r b a n d ens i ty to th e H i g h St reet are a a n d cu r re n tl y ac ts as a b ar r ier to a l l o w G a l l ow g ate to i nc re as e there u rba n d e n s i t y an d b e a p art o f t he c it y ce n t re .

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

C oncep t Plan

EXI ST I N G

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

S treet Network Hierarc y

PRO P OSE D O n e o f t h e m ai n o b j e c ti v e s o f t his prop o s e d i s to i nc re as e the u r ban de n s i t y o f G l as g o w c i ty c e n tre an d t o c re a t e b e t t e r c o nn e c ti o n s an d d irect rou t e s w i t h t he s u rro un d i n g areas. Cre a t i n g a we l l d ef i ne d hi erarc y of stree t s a l l o w s f o r th e i nd ro d u ct ion o f p e d e s t r i a n z o ne s an d easier c omm u n t e s fo r v eh i c l es . By c reat ing n e w ma i n u rb an s tree ts an d local road s h e l p s to c reate n e w v i br ant u rba n ce n t re s w h i c h c an ac c o m o dat e re si d e n t i a l a nd m i x ed -u s e b u i l dings su c c e s s fu l l y.

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

P u b lic Tr ansport Rou te s

PROP OSE D A lt h o u g h t h e e x i s ti n g trai n s tations se r ve a g re a t d e al o f the Gl as g o w area t h e re a re n o co n n e c ti o n s to the nor t h of th e ci t y a n d th e l i nk s to th e e as t are p o o r, t h e re fore th e ex i s ti n g s tations in th e s e a re a s w i l l b e rei ntro d u c ed t o allo w fo r e a s i er trans p o rtati o n from t h e s e d i co n n ec te d ne i g h b o u rho ods. T h e e xi s t i n g b us ro u tes are e x te nsive h ow e ve r i f th e H i g h S tre e t area is g o i n g t o b e f u rth e r d e v el oped b e tt e r b u s co n n e c ti o n s w i l l n e e d t o b e i n t ro d u ce d to al l o w f o r an easy c o m m u t e a ro un d th e c i ty.

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G reen Network

PROP OSE D On e o f t h e ke y el em en ts o f the g reen n e t w o r k s t r a t e g y i s to c reate a s er ies of g re e n s p a c e s w i th i n re s i d e n t ial c o m m u n i t i e s and i m p l i m e n t t he e x is t i n g g re en s p ac e s , Gl as gow G ree n a n d B a rro w l and s Park , b et t er in t o t h e ci t y, c reati n g m o re u s e able an d a t t r a ct i v e s p ac es . Th e s treet v e g i t a t i o n i s al s o g o i ng to be in c re a s e d i n o rd e r to i m p ro v e a nd c re a t e a fr i end l i er atm o s p he re of t h e u r b a n re al m .

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D ensit y

PRO P OSE D T h is new u rb an p ro p o s al has in tro d u ce d t w o ne w l o c al no d e s al ong Hig h S t re e t t hat has a h i g h e r d en sit y th an cu r re n t l y i n p l ac e . Su rro un ding th is t h e re are ne i g h b o u rho ods prop o s e d w hi c h w i l l c re ate d en sit y c on ce n t r a t e d aro u n d the l o c al n odes c re a t e d a l o n g D u k e Stre e t .Thi s will brin g a n i n creas e i n urb an d e n s i ty t o th e e m p t y s i tes i n th e s urro un ding are a s .

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C oncep t Plan

PROP OSE D

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v. FRAMEWORK & CODING

Th e F o u n d ati o n Mas te rp l an applies and builds upon t he ideas a nd s t r a t e g i e s f o r m ed d u ri n g th e analysis st r at egy and concept phases, whe re b l o cks , s t re e t e d g e s , p u b l i c spaces, building uses and densit ies are a l l co n s i d e re d . In i ti al l y a d es i g n area is chosen from t he wider init ial st ud y a re a . I h a v e c ho s en to c o n s i der t he t he area bounded by High St re et, D u ke S t re et, Be l l g ro v e Stre e t and Gallowgat e. It is an area wit h masses o f va ce n t l and w h i c h i s i n n eed of development and local ser vices i n n e e d o f a t ten ti o n to al l o w the ur ban densit y wit hin t he area t o grow.

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F o und at ion Maste rplan

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C onser vation v Transf or m a ti o n

T h e i n i t i a l s te p i n p re p ari ng the foundat ion mast er plan was t o define the C o n fi r ma t i o n are as and Trans f o r mat ion areas wit hin t he select ed design a rea . T h e co n fi r m ati o n areas are tho s e which will not be t arget ed or demolished b ut m a y b e re u s ed an d al te red f o r b et t er use. T he t r ansfor mat ion areas are tho s e w h i ch w i l l b e trans f o r m ed i n te r ms of densit y and use by eit her demo l i ti o n an d re u s e o r b ette r d es i g n o f spaces. Key buildings wit hin t he design a rea h a ve b e e n a s s e s s e d to d e ter m i n e reasons for t r ansfor mat ion or confir ma ti o n. T h e b u i l d i n gs w h i c h are b e i ng c onser ved due t o hist or ical value or prov i d i ng t o t h e e xi s t i n g n e i g h b o u rho o d are t he Glasgow Life Building, 100- 110 Duk e S t re e t , R e s i d e n ti al an d c o m m e rcial unit s or Duke St reet and t he Bellg ro v e A b a t t o i r. The Ab atto i r w i l l b e t he only building of t he conser vat ion a rea w h i ch w i l l b e reu s e d f o r ev en ts and wor kshops following renovat ion.

S treet Network

T h e i n i t i a l s t ag e o f p rep ari ng the foundat ion mast er plan was t o map out the n e w l a yo u t of s tre e ts i no rd er to produce a neighbour hood which is ea s y to tra ve l i n a n d al s o c reates l i n k s t o t he nor t h, sout h, east and west witho ut iso l a t i n g a n y are as . H av i n g al ready locat ed where t he node cent re was thi s wa s u s e d a s an i nd i c ato r o f w h e re a new local main st reet could be posit io ned . T h e h e i r a rchy o f s tree ts w h i c h followed were det er mined by whet her they are co n n e ct i ng s tre e ts , c en tre s or just local st reet s and pedest est r ian p a ths th ro u g h t h e n e i g h b o u rho o d .

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Densit y

F o l l o w i n g t he o rg an i s ati o n o f the st reet edges and t he hier archy of st reets h a d b e e n e s tab l i s h e d , the ne xt t ask was t o assign densit ies t o t he a rea s f o r m e d . D e n s i ti es o f H i g h , Medium and Low were mapped out using ci rc l es of 2 0 0 a n d 40 0 m e tre s f ro m the proposed node cent res, equivalent to a 5 m i n u t e a n d 10 m i n u te w al k . W it hin t he fir st circle of a dist r ict node, w e re s e r ve fo r the h i g h e s t d e n s i ty wit h t he second being a medium densit y. Fo r t h e n e i g h b ou rho o d no d e s the fir st inner cir lce will have a medium de ns i ty an d t h e o u t te r c i rc l e a l o w er d ensit y. T his ensures t here is a smoot h t r ans i ti o n b e t w e e n o f urb an d en s i ti es w i thin neighbour hoods and fur t her int o distri c ts . W i t h i n e a ch d en s i ty w e as s i g n the ur ban blocks a value at 3 levels; • H i g h + , H i g h= , High• Med i u m + , Med i um=, Medium• Lo w + , Lo w = , Lo w-

Tr a nsp or t

T h e p ro p o s ed c o nc ep t p l an and t he development of st reet s in t he found a ti o n ma s t e r p l a n h as hi g h l i g hted a number of deficiencies in t he public t r ans p o rt n e t w o r k. In p arti c ul ar th e re i s v er y lit t le provisions of safe areas for cyc l i s ts an d p e d e s t r i ans , the ref o re I aim t o address t his direct ly by augmenti ng c y cl i s t s ro u t es an d p e d es tri ani s ed areas wit hin t he proposals which are mo re c en t r a l l y l o c ate d an d c o nv en i ent ly placed near t he new neighbourho o d c en t re s t o al l o w eas y c o m m u tes for all resident s. I also propose a new b us n e t w o r k t h ro ug ho ut th i s ne w ne ighbour hood which will improve connec ti v i ty bo t h fro m t he n o rth to s o uth and t he east t o west rout es t o incor por at e the E a s t E n d o f G l as g o w b ac k i nto the cit y as well as easier t r avel t o beyond the c it y ce n t re i f ne e d b e .

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A ct ive St re et Fron tages

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Phasing Ph as e 1 : 1 - 9 Ye a r s

Ph as e 2 : 10 - 1 9 Ye a r s

Ph as e 3 : 20 - 3 0 Ye a r s

Ph as e 1

T h e fi r s t p h as e o f th e p ro j e c t w i l l see t he cost r ust ion of t he C hannel 4 C ul tura l qu a r t e r a n d th e b ars . res taurant s, and shops t o allow t his t o be a succ es s . T h i s w i l l b e f o l l o w e d b y a nu m ber of resident ial blocks t o suit a var iety o f pe o p l e t o i n c re as e the i ni ti al u rban densit y.

Ph as e 2

P h a s e 2 w i l l s e e the ad d i ti o n of more resident ial blocks and t he new ma i n c en t re o f t h e n e i g h b o u rho o d b ei ng built . A s t here are an increase in residenti a l u n i t s i t i s e ss en ti al th at th e re i s a new P r imar y School and nur ser y bu i l t to acco m o d a t e th e i nc re as e i n c h i l dren in t his phase. T his phase will also see i n in cre a s e i n pe o p l e v i s i ti ng th e neighbour hoods new cent re.

Ph as e 3

T h e fi n a l p h as e o f th e p ro j e c t will see t he remaining proposed residenti a l u n i t s co n s t r uc te d . Thi s w i l l al l o w a number of families t o move int o t he c i ty c en t re i n t o new s em i an d d e tatched housing.

RECONNECTING HIGH STREET

L o cal Ur b an Code

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C h ar act er Areas

Res i dent i al Are a s Th e res i den t ia l a re a s w i l l are spread out throughout the new ne i g h b o u r h o o d acco m o dat i n g d i ff e re n t fam i l y types and in tegr at i ng into the cent re where t h e re w i l l b e a m i x of l oc a l a m e n it ie s .

Ne w U rb an M ain Ce n tre A s th e c e n tre of th e n e ig h b ou rh ood n od e th is are a will b e fille d with a c omb in ation of mix e d u se b u ild in g s fac in g in to a n e w main stre e t. Th is will b e th e n e w c e n tre wh e re e v e ry th in g h ap p e n s.

Ed u c a t io n a l Q u a r t e r A s t h e u r b a n d e n sity of t hi s n e ig h b o u r h o od is i nc re a s e d t h e n e e d for an ad d it io n a l p r i m a r y sc h ool an d n u r s e r y i n t o t h e c ity is req u i re d . T h i s is s itu ate d wit h in the re s i d e n tial are a s t o a l l o w f o r e asie r co m m u t e s f o r a ll p up ils.

Ch an n e l 4 Cu ltu ral Q ua rter Th is are a of th e masterpla n will in c lu d e a p roposed loc ation for th e n e w Ch a nnel 4 Cre ativ e Hu b , in c luding re sid e n tial, c ommensia l, offic e sp ac e an d workshop are as with ou td oor spa ce in c orp orate d th rou ghout. Th is is an alte r n ativ e to it b e in g p lac e d with in T he Gar me n t F ac tory where re stric tion s will b e in pla ce.

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Char act er Areas Res i dent i al

H ousing Stoc k W hen researching t he current condit ions of t he ho us i ng mar ket in Glasgow it b ec a me apparent t hat t here are no t only not enough housin g l o w t o mid pr ice which wo rk i ng families can afford, but there is over half, 63% of hous i ng cur rent ly being rent ed o ut b y pr ivat e landlords or ho us i ng associat ions, however i t i s st ill becoming more and mo re difficult t o get a rent ed ho us e from t he housing associ a ti o ns in Glasgow due t he shorta g e in number s for t he cit y. Hav i n g d r a w n the c o n c l u s i o n th at G l a s g o w i s l ac k i n g housing in the city centre, this le ad t o l o o king at h o us i ng size w i t h i n the c i ty. Th i s c on cl u d e d t hat the l arg es t maj o r i t y o f ho us i ng i s o f 1 an d 2 b e d ro o ms s ho w i ng the n e e d fo r mo re l arg er 3 and 4 b e d ro o m f am i l y h o m e s . T h ere fo re w i t hi n m y p ro p o s al th e h o u s i n g p ro v i d ed w i l l be l a rg e r fa mi l y h o m e s to e n co r a g e p eo p l e i nto the c it y ce n t re .

Pro pos ed N e w H o u s in g

T h e t a b l e b e l o w s h o w s the n u m b er of new family homes being provided w i thi n th e m a s t e r p l an. NO. OF BEDROOMS

NO. OF UNITS

2 BEDROOMS

567

3 BEDROOMS

304

4 BEDROOMS

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H ousing Ty pologies Te nem ent H o u s in g / F l a t s

E lde r & C a nn o n Arc h i te c ts L au r i e s t o n Phas e 1

Or i g n a l Te n e m e n t F l oor P l a n s

C ol onal Hou s i n g

Co ll e ct i ve A rc hi te c tu re - Le i th F o rt , L e i t h , E di n b urg h

C ot t age Fl a t s ‘F our i n a B l o c k ’

E x a m p l e F l oor P l a n

Ex a m p l e F l o o r P l a n

Ex ample Fl o o r Pl a n

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H ousing Ty pologies Te r r aced Ho u s in g

A lis o n B ro o k s Arc h i te c ts N e w h a l l S o u t h Chas e

Sem i D et ch a e d H o u s i n g A da m Knibb Arc hi te c ts W in ch e s t e r, E n g l an d

Example Floor Plan

D et ached H o u s i n g

A R D e s i g n S t ud i o - Is l e o f W i g h t

Grou nd Floo r Pl a n

Fi rs t F l oor P l a n

S e c on d F l oor P l a n

Ex ample F l o o r Pl a n

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H ousing Plans

S e m i - D e t a t ch e d H o us e

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Ter r aced Tow nhouse

Co l o n a l H o us i ng

Tenement / Flat (Mul t i- Use)

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C h ar act er Areas C hannel 4 Cu lt u r a l Q u a r t e r

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C h annel 4 - Creativ e Hu b

C ur rent L oc a t io n T h e mo ve o f the Ch an n e l 4 Creat ive Hub is cur rent ly under way t o be si tua ted wit h i n T h e Gar m e n t F ac to ry o n Mont rose St reet . T his office block ha s b een tran s fo r m e d i n to 6 f l o o rs o f c u s t omisable office space. However t he C rea ti v e Hu b w i l l b e re s trai ne d b y th e w alls of t he building, unable t o ext end a ny a nd re al i s e s o n s urro u n d i n g am en i ti es t o be prevalent t o allow t he C reat ive H ub to wor k s mo o t h ly. The l ac k o f res i dent ial buildings and event space sur round i ng th e G a r me n t Fac to ry i s a c aus e f or concer n also.

Pro pos ed L o c a t i o n W it h i n t h e m as terp l an area I p roposed t he C hannel 4 C reat ive Hub bec o mes part o f a n e wl y d ev el o p ed Cre at ive Quar t er on t he cor ner of Duke St reet a nd Be ll g ro ve S t re e t. Th i s p art o f th e mast er plan is easily accessed, being w i thi n walk i n g d i s t a nc e o f H i g h S tre e t a nd Bellgrove Tr ain St at ions and also ha s g o o d bu s a n d ve h i c l e l i n k s b e i ng c l o s e t o t he M8 mot or way. T he new creat ive q ua rter will b e h o m e to m an y b ars , re s taur ant s, cafes and shops and will have sapc es to ac c o mo d a t e wo rk s ho p are as and office space t o r un wit h t he C hannel 4 Crea ti v e Hu b . B u i l d i n g o n thi s l an d m e an s t here is scope t o accomodat e ever yt hing n eed ed wh i ch w i l l h e l p th e Creati v e H ub run smoot hly including on- sit e resident ial b l o c k s wh i ch ca n b e us e d b y th e w o rk e rs of C hannel 4.

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E x a mp les of Cu ltrural Qu a rters Nottingham’s Fruit Market

The Fruit Market, will be made up of townhouses and apartments ranging in height from 2 to 4 storeys. The homes are ‘customisable housing’, where upon the purchase of a plot, the owner can negotiate with the architect and neighbouring community to design aspects which differ from the initial plans.

Pearl District

T h e Pe a r l D is tri c t i s an area of P or t land, O regon, for mer ly occupied b y ware h o u s e s , li g h t i nd us try an d ra ilroad classificat ion yards and now not ed fo r its a r t g a l l e r i es , up s c al e b us i ne s ses and residences. 104

Seaburn, Sunderland - Urbed

T h e a i m o f t hi s m as terp l an w as t o improve Seabur n’s st anding as a se a s i d e de s t i n a t i o n a nd g reat p l ac e to l i v e, wit h new leisure space, cafes and rest a ura nts o n t h e s e a front, al o ng s i d e n e w apar t ment s and houses.

Spitalfields Market

O n e o f L o n do n ’s o l d es t m ark e t s, Spit alfields is now a seven- days- a - w eek de st i n a t i o n year ro u n d . At i ts h ear t , Spit alfields ‘Tr ader s’ Mar ket is an a rra y o f i n d e p e n d en t s tal l ho l d ers . Spit alfields’ free event s offer somet hin g fo r e v e r yo n e i n cl ud i n g s o c i al d an c i n g, open air concer t s, cult ur al fest ivals, ou td o o r art g a l l e r i e s a nd m u c h m o re. 105

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B u ild ing Uses

M e a t M ark e t

Thi s space which was previously Be l l grove Abat t oir will be tran sfor med and used as an e v ent space. T hese covered s p aces can be used for a ser ies o f event s which can suppor t the C hannel C reat ive Hub.

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In for ma l Ga ther

T his s p a c e i s p r filled w i th b a rs a nd meani ng the c o urt cent re c a n b e us ed out doo r s p a c e. T also u s ed a s a n o for any ev ents p l a old M ea t M a rk et.

O n - S i t e R e s i de n tial

The s e ho m e s c an be rent ed out an d te m p o rarl y used by anyone w ho i s c o m i n g int o t he cit y to w o rk f o r o r use any of t he b ui l d i n g s w i thin t he C hannel 4 Qu arte r. Th i s allows anyone w ho i s w o rk i ng here for any p ro l o ng ed ti m e who does not l i v e i n the c i ty t o have a home aw ay f ro m ho me t o wor k from.

F o r m a l G a t h e rin g S p ac e

As th e s p ac e i s direct ly across f ro m Bel l g ro v e Tr ain St at ion thi s i s the m ain approach t o the Chan n e l 4 Q uar t er. T he p av e d area i s mainly used by e m p l o y ee s o r user s of t he w o rk s h o p s p ac es t herefore t his o p e n s p ac e w i t h can be ut ilised b y al l u s i ng th e buildings.

r i ng S pa ce

redomin ate l y d rest au r an t s t yard in t h e a s additio n a l his s p ac e i s overs p ill are a anned in t h e

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Char act er Areas Ne w U r ban Ma in C e n t re

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Char act er Areas Edu cat i o nal Q u a r t e r

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Primary School

W i thi n the st udy area an invest igat ion was car r ied o ut i nto the s u rrounding P r imar y Schools, Secondar y Sc ho o l s , Catchment Area Nu rs eri e s and U niver sit ies. T his st udy shows t ha t the Secondary School m aj o ri ty o f t he ear ly educat ional inst it ut es wit hin Gla s g o w are w i th i n t he one area. T he univer sit ies are s p rea d Catchment Area thro u g ho ut t he cit y which helps t o br ing a diver se r ang e o f Nursery p eo p l e h o w ever t he ser vices need t o be in place t o a l l o w University the m to l i v e near by and not in sur rounding t owns . The d es i g n are a which I have select ed t o develop is co v ered b y s c h o o l s however if t here is going t o be an inc rea s e i n u rb an d ensit y and more families moving int o t h e c i ty c en tre th e schools will become over crouded qui c k l y. I the ref o re p ropose an educat ional quar t er wit hin t h e new n e i b o urho o d which will see t he development of a new Pri m ary S c hool and Nur ser y t o educat e t he children a ro und the H i g h S treet areas wit hout having t o t r avel far.

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vi. D E TA I L E D M A ST E RP L A N

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D et ailed Masterplan 1: 1250 @ A 1

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S t reet Network : Du k e S treet U rban M ai n S t re e t

D u ke S t re e t : As E x i s ti n g

T h e U r b a n mai n ro ad s w i th i n the proposal are bot h exist ing roads, Duke Street an d G a l l o w g ate, w h i c h are b e i ng adapt ed t o effect ively wor k wit h t h e new mas t e r p l a n . B o th D u k e Stre e t an d Gallowgat e bot h have many issues with hi g h le v el s o f t r a ffi c w i th l i ttl e p ark i n g and few crossing opper t unit ies. T h e a i m i s t o al l ev i ate the s e i s s ues by implament ing lay- by par king on b o th side s o f t h e s tre e t i n Gal l o w g ate and adopt ing lay- bys off of Duke St reet i n th e l e s s b u s y s tre e ts to re d uc e t he t r affic on Duke St reet . T his will h el p to ac c o mo d a t e th e d em and f o r m o re par king but will also aim t o make t he s treets more s u i t a b l e f o r p ed es tri ans b y adding some t r affic calming measures befo re e n te r i n g D u ke Stre e t an d c re ati ng larger more at t r act ive pedest r ian routes to e n co u r a g e p eo p l e to trav el b y f o ot inst ead of car.

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Plot

Pavement

Parking

Road

Parking

Cycle

Pavement

2.4m

Plot

Burlington Great Streets Project

D u ke S t re e t : As Pro p o s e d

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S t reet Network Loc al M ai n S t re e t

The new local main street in the masterplan has been developed to create a new through access from High Street to Bellgrove Street. Being the new main central road of the neighbourhood this road has many features implimented to make it a safe and pleaent place for the users. Lining one side of the road are blocks of residential mixed use flats with shops, bars and cafes at ground floor level with outdoor seating spaces. In order for this to be a success, incoming vehicles have to be accomodated, therefore onstreet parking has been added to the roads. As this new street is now giong to be the centre of the neighbourhood high foot fall will be passing through. This means that the safety of pedestrians is a main priority so safe crossings have been implimented along with traffic calming measures to slow down approaching traffic to the busy spots of the street. This Local Main Street is surrounded by residential blocks to provide an increase in urban density in order for this street to be a success.

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Plot

Pavement

Parking

Road

2.4m

Parking 2.4m

Cycle 2m

Pavement

Plot

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S treet Network Res i dent i al S t re e t

Within the proposed masterplan area there have been many new residential streets created. These local streets are created in that they only have to be accessed to reach the properties on them as they are predominantly situated off of the Main Urban or Local roads. With these quieter roads housing the new residents of the neighbourhood it was essential when designing the streets to make them welcoming and green, therefor the roads have been lined with clean pavements with small green spaces and lines of trees. As these quieter streets are housing residential blocks it is essential the there is parking provisions for each house which does not have access to a private driveway, therefore there is on-street parking bays lining either one or both sides of the road. On several of the residential streets which are accessed from busier points of Main or Local Urban roads there are traffic calming measures put in place to avoid these residential streets being used as quicker shortcuts at busier times.

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Plot

Pavement

Parking

Road

Parking

2.4m

Pavement

Plot

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S treet Network : Pedestri a n Pe des t r i an S t re e t

These streets are meanly aimed at pedestrians, making them safer for families to live on. These is a minimal amout of on street parking desigrated to the housing and the streets are lined with path ways surrounded by green patches and strategically placed tress to create a route through the housing blocks. The housing facing onto these pedestrian streets are set back from the plot edge to allow residents to have a semi-private front garden which looks onto the paths. This should not be an issue as these streets are inclined to have reduced amounts of passing by and vehicle noice.

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vii. SPECIAL PLACES

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C h annel 4 Cu ltu ral Quarter

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L o cal M ain Stre et

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R esid ent ial S tree ts

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Department of Architecture University of Strathclyde Glasgow strath.ac.uk/engineering/architecture/

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