Br eaki ngThr oughBoundar i es S T RAT E GY
By: Mona , Gi l l F oua ni , T a r ek Her r a ght y , S t ephen Ker r , Wi l l Ni c ol i ni , Ca mi l l a Bouz i a ne , S a na a Ur ba nDes i gnS t udi esUni t-Uni ver s i t yofSt r at hc l yde
Gl a s gowCi t yCent r e2050 VI S I ON
Hi ghSt r eeti sGl a s gow’ s‘ ot her ’ c i t yc ent r e . T heMer c a tBui l di ngnowi nha bi t sGl as gow Cr os sSt at i on, wi t ht heUni onCi t yRa i l L i ne r ei ns t a t edf ordomes t i cus ea bov ea ndt he e x i s t i ngAr gy l eL i nebel ow gr ound.Hi gh S t r eet i s now ac c es s i bl el oc al l y and nat i onwi def r om Aber deent oL ondona nd f r om Gl a s gow’ ss out h ea s tt ot he nor t h wes t .Onc epeopl ea r r i v ea tGl a s gowCr os s S t a t i on, t heydi s per s ei na l l di r ec t i onsei t her byt heea s yopt i onofwa l k i ngort hr ough t hec i t y’ si nt egr at edt r ans por ts ys t em GT C ( Gl a s gow T r a ns por t a t i on Compa ny ) of bus es , c y c l i ng, s ubwa yorf ur t hert r a i ns .
Uponl ea v i ngt hes t a t i ony ouc a ns eet he bus t l i ngenv i r onmentwi t hpeopl er us hi ng a bout t hei r da y , peopl et a l k i ng a nd c omf or t a bl ys oc i a l i s i ngi nas af evehi c l e det er r ed envi r onment .T he publ i ca r e a t t r a c t ed t o t hi s epi c ent r e f r om a l l di r ec t i ons ,wal ki ng and c yc l i ng f r om s ur r oundi ng wel l c onnec t ed nei ghbour hoodsa l ongt r eel i neds t r eet s , bur s t i ng wi t hi ndependentr et a i l er sa nd mul t i c ul t ur alc a f esa ndea t er i es .I t ’ sc l ea r t ha tGl a s gowi sapl a c eofpr i de , apl a c eof bel ongi ng, t he Mer c ha nt Cl oc kT ower s t a nds l oud a nd pr oud, s t a mpi ng Gl a s gow’ sa ut hor i t ya sapl a c eofe x t ens i v e , s i gnic anthi s t or y.L ook i nga r oundt her e a r er es i dent sofa l l a gesenj oy i ngt hes t r eet l i f e ,mov i nga r oundwi t houtawor r y ,onl y f orbi c yc l et r affic .I t ’ snotonl yapl a c ef or f or ma leduc a t i on,t hey oungobs er v et he ol da boutt henot i onsofl i f e , onc ewher ea per s onwoul dn’ ts a y‘ hel l o’ ont hes t r eeti s nowaf oc usofi nt er ac t i onandwel l bei ng.
As hor tc y c l eorbusr i denor t hea s tf r om Gl a s gowCr os sS t a t i ona r r i v esi nt he ec c ent r i cGl a s gowE a s t( f or mer l yCol l egel ands ) .F a ra ndwi det hedi s t r i c ti s t hi c kwi t hac t i vi t i est aki ngpl ac e.Channel 4’ sc r eat i vehubwhi c hs etupi n t heea r l y2020’ sa c t eda sa na nc horf orf ur t herc r eat i vei ndus t r i est os etupi n t hei mmedi a t ec a pa c i t y , i nc l udi ngdepa r t ment si nDes i gnf r omt heUni v er s i t y ofS t r a t hc l y dea ndUni v er s i t yofGl a s gow.Gr a dua t esf r om Gl a s gow’ sma ny uni v er s i t i esha v e hel ped des i gn a nd wa ntt o wor ki nt hi se x pr es s i v e env i r onment ,f r om t hi sy oung a nd v i br a nt i nj ec t i on of popul a t i on, Col l egel a nds ha s been r eboot ed t of or m Gl a s gow E a s t ,c r ea t i ng a n ‘ a l t er na t i v e ’di s t r i c t . The Bar r asi sa pl a c e ofc ul t ur e and di ver s i t y, s omewher ef ort hey oungwor k i ngpr of es s i ona l st os oc i a l i s ea tt heweek ends , buta l s os omewher ef orl oc a l f a mi l i est os wa p/ e x c ha ngegooda nds er v i c es , a pl a c ewher ea ny t hi ngc a nbef oundi fy ouha v et hepa t i enc et os ea r c hha r d enough. Dur i ng t he s ummert hes e ev ent ss pi l li nt o Gl a s gow Gr een, pr ov i di ng a n out doorvenue f ort he l oc a lc r ea t i v ea nd unc onf or mi ng popul a t i ona sas ubs t i t ut et ot hepopul arBar r owl andBal l r oom.
Gl a s gowCi t yCent r e2050 VI S I ON
T hef ul l yc onnec t edc yc l ei nf r as t r uc t ur ea l l owsy out omea ndert hr ough t hev a r i et yof s hor ts t r eet s , a dmi r i ngt hea es t het i cgr eenSUDSnet wor k a ndt hel oc a l sget t i ngonwi t ht hei rl i v esc omf or t a bl yi npl a i nv i ew.E v er y now a ndt henpa s s i ngt hr ougha not hernei ghbour hoodnodet ot he nor t ha ndea s tofGl a s gowE a s t , wher epeopl ea r ec ha t t i ngha ppi l ywhi l e r unni nger r a ndsa tt hef oods t or e ,bi c y c l es hop,ha r dwa r es t or e ,wher e k i dsa r el ea v i ngs c hoolbywa l k i ngorc y c l i nghome ,t hek i ndofpl a c e wher e ever yone knows ever yone by na me . Fours t or ey bl oc k devel opment spr ov i deenoughdens i t yf orf r equents oc i ali nt er ac t i on a ndpr ov i der oof t op t er r ac eswi t ha l l ot ment st os oa kupGl a s gow’ s not or i ousr a i nf a l la ndpr ov i dev eget a bl esa ndwar mt hf ort hef a mi l i es bel ow.
A v emi nut ewa l knor t h ofGl a s gow Cr os s S t a t i onbr i ngsy out owha twa st heUni v er s i t y ofS t r a t hc l y dec a mpus . Uni v er s i t ybui l di ngs s t i l ldomi na t et he a r ea wi t h ac l ea rc ent r e a r oundRot t enr owGar dens , butnowmos tof t heuni ver s i t ybui l di ngsar es c at t er edi nand ar oundt hec i t y.T heUni v er s i t yofS t r a t hc l y de i snow Gl a s gow’ suni v er s i t y . Ga psi na nd a r oundt heuni v er s i t yc a mpusha v ebeen l l ed i nwi t hc a f es , s ec ondha nds hops , gr oc er s , book s hopsa nd s ubt l eba r swi t hr es i dent i a lus es a bov e .T heuni v er s i t ybui l di ngss ea ml es s l yt i nwi t ht hes ur r oundi nga meni t i est oc r ea t ea r ea ls ens eofc ommuni t ywher epeopl eofa l l ba c k gr oundsa nda gesc a ngoa boutt hei rl i v es
T ownheadpl a y sak eyl i nkbet weent heUni v er s i t yof S t r a t hc l y dea nd Gl a s gowCa l edoni a nUni v er s i t y , bot heduc a t i onbodi esha v emer ged t hei rS oc i a lS c i enc es S c hool ’ s , whi c hi sl oc a t ed t hr oughout T ownhea d, c r ea t i ngabr i dgeami dt heuni ver s i t i es .T hi snews c hool ha sl i nk edi nwel l wi t ht hee x i s t i ngl a r ger es i dent i a l popul a t i oni nt he a r ea , i n uenc i ngt hes oc i al pol i c i es , pr ompt i ngl oc al s c hool si nt he a r eaa ndwor k i ngi nc l os ec onnec t i onwi t hCi t yofGl a s gowCol l ege .
Cur r entI s s ues T hi ss ec t i ona ddr es s est hec ur r enti s s ueswi t hi nGl a s gow’ sc i t yc ent er , t hei s s uesi l l us t r a t edher ewer epr ev i ous l y di s c us s edwi t hi nt hea na l y s i ss t a geoft hes t udi opr oj ec t . T hos ehi ghl i ght edbel l ow, a r et hek eya r ea swhi c hwe bel i ev ea r ei nneedofc or r ec t i nga ndt her ef or et hes t r a t egyout l i nedwi t hi nt hi sbook l etwi l l a ddr es s .
Cent r a l i t y T hr oughnet wor ka na l y s i ss t udi esi twa sf oundt ha tHi gh S t r eetha dhi ghc ent r a l i t ywi t hi nt hec i t yduet oi t sus e a l ongs i det heM8a sa na c c es sr out et hr ought hec i t y c ent r e . I twa sa l s os eent ha tHi ghS t r eeta l s oa c t sa sa ba r r i er , s epa r a t i ngt heE a s ta ndWes toft hec i t ybec a us e oft hegr i di r ons t r eets t r uc t ur ea ndr oa dl a y out . T hi s ba r r i era r gua bl yc a us est hel owc onnec t i v i t ya nd c ent r a l i t ydi s pl a y edwi t hi nT ownhea da ndCa r l t on. ( Ana l y s i sBook l et5: Net wor kAna l y s i sofS t r eet s , 2018) .
S t r eetNet wor k sa ndT r a ns por tL i nk s Wi t hi nGl a s gowt her ea r ea l r ea dye x t ens i v et r a ns por t l i nk sa v a i l a bl es uc ha sr a i l , busa nds ubwa ypubl i c t r a ns por tonoffer . Howev ermos toft hes enet wor k sa r e c onc ent r a t edwi t hi nt hec i t yc ent r e , mea ni ngt ha ta r ea s outwi t ht hi sa r emor er es t r i c t edi nt er msof c onnec t i v i t y . I twa sf oundt ha ta r ea sofhi ghr es i dent i a l c a pa c i t ys uc ha sT ownhea da ndCa r l t onha v el ow c onnec t i v i t yi nr ega r dst obot hpubl i ct r a ns por ta nd publ i cr oa dnet wor k s ; unl i k ea r esi nt heCBDwhi c ha r e s ur r oundedbya c c es s i bl enet wor k s . ( Ana l y s i sBook l et5: Net wor kAna l y s i sofS t r eet s , 2018) .
Cur r entI s s ues
OpenS pa c es T hei s s uewi t hc ur r entopens pa c esi s ; t heya r enota l l s uc c es s f ul a ndt hi si sduet ot hel a c kofi nt er a c t i v i t ya nd di s t i nc t i v enes s . T hequa l i t yoft heopens pa c eha sa n i mpa c tont hedi s t i nc t i v enes soft hepl a c ea ndpr ov i di nga f unc t i ont ha tt st hel oc a t i ona ndt hes ur r oundi ng det er mi nest hel ev el ofi nt er a c t i v i t y . Gr eens pa c eswi t hi nt hec i t ywer es eent obeunor ga ni s ed a nds omewha tdy s f unc t i ona l . Al t hought her ewer ev a r i ous opens pa c espr ov i dewi t hi nt hec i t y , t heywer eof t en unus edbec a us eoft hei rl oc a t i onorper c ei v edf unc t i on. Howev er , t hepot ent i a l c onnec t i onoft hes es pa c esha s beena c c es s eda ndi ti sbel i ev edt heyha v et hea bi l i t yt oa c t a spedes t r i a ns ’ nodesi ft heya r ewel l us eda ndma i nt a i ned. ( Ana l y s i sBook l et4: E x per i enc i ngt heCi t y , 2018) .
3
L a ndma r k s T her ea r ema nyl a ndma r k spr es entwi t hi nt hec i t y , wi t h ea c hbel i ev eda sbei ngi n uent i a l i nt hei r ‘ pl a c ema k i ng’ a bi l i t i es . Ma nyoft hel a ndma r k sf oundwer eami xof hi s t or i c a l orc ul t ur a l ba c k gr ounds , howev ert hei rl a nds c a pe s et t i ngss omet i mesa ffec t edt hei ri n uenc eofpl a c e i dent i t y . T hel a ndma r k swi t hi nt hec i t yr eec tt hea nc es t r y a nda r t i s t i ci n uenc eofGl a s gow, t her ef or er edev el opi ng a ndr edes i gni ngt hei rs ur r oundi nga r ea swi l l ma k et he l a ndma r k smor ea c c es s i bl ea ndpr omi nentwi t hi nt hebui l d env i r onment . ( Ana l y s i sBook l et4: E x per i enc i ngt heCi t y , 2018)
Ma i nt ena nc e Ma i nt ena nc ea ndr epa i rwa ss eent obev a r i edwi t hi nt he c i t y , wi t hev i denc eofbot hpoora ndgoodma i nt ena nc e i l l us t r a t edt hr oughoutt hea r ea s . I twa sdi s c ov er edt ha t Hi ghS t r eet , t heS a l t ma r k et/E a s tenda r eaa nds ome poi nt swi t hi nCa t hedr a l S t r eetha v eahi gherpr opor t i onof poorma i nt ena nc ewi t hi nt hec i t ywhi c hneedst obe er a di c a t eda ndt a c k l ed. T hes edi s c ov er i eswer ees t a bl i s hed t hr ought hepr omi nentdec a yofs omebui l di ngma t er i a l s bei ngus ed, a r ea sofv a c a ntl a nda ndbui l di nguni t s . I twa s a l s oi ndi c a t edt ha tper c ept i onsoff ea ra nds a f et ywer e i n uenc edbyl a nds c a pema i nt ena nc e . Ar ea swi t hpoor er ma i nt ena nc ewer eper c ei v edt obel es ss a f et her ef or e a ffec t edpedes t r i a nf oot f a l l wi t ht hea r ea s . ( Ana l y s i s Book l et4: E x per i enc i ngt heCi t y , 2018) . .
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goodma i nt ena nc e a v er a gema i nt ena nc e l owma i nt ena nc e
Cur r entI s s ues
F l oodi ng Cer t a i na r ea swi t hi nt hec i t yc ent erma ybes us c ept i bl e t or i s k sofoodi ng. T hi si spoi ntt or ev i ewa si tc a na ec t c ur r enta ndpr opos eddev el opmenta ndi nf r a s t r uc t ur e . T hema i ni s s uewi t hf oodi ngwi t hi nt hec i t yi sduet o s ur f a c ewa t era ndl a c kofdr a i na gewi t hi nt heur ba n env i r onment , howev era r ea swhi c hs i tont heRi v er Cl y dema ya l s obes us c ept i bl et or i s i ngt i dest hr ough c l i mt ma ec ha nges . F i x i ngi s s uesofi r r i ga t i onwi t hi nt he c i t ywoul dhel pa ddr es st hi spr obl em. ( Ana l y s i sBook l et3: Pl a nni nga ndPol i c y , 2018) .
Popul a t i ona ndDens i t y I tha sbeeni ndi c a t edt ha twi t hi nc er t a i na r ea soft he c i t y , s uc ha sT ownhea da ndCa r l t onpopul a t i ona nd dens i t yi sc ons i der edt obel ow. Bec a us eoft hec ur r ent r es i dent i a l l a y outoft hes ea r ea spr os pec t sofdens i t y a ndgr owt hha v ebeens t a gna nt , howev erpr opos a l sof newdev el opmentwi l l i nc r ea s epopul a t i ona nddens i t y .
Ver yL ow0-30dph L ow31-50dph Medi um ( 51-70dph) Medi um 2( 71-100dph) Medi um 3( 101-130dph) Hi gh( 130+dph)
Va c a ntL a nd T hr oughoutt hes t udya r eai s s uesofv a c a ntl a nda nd s pa c ewer eobs er v ed. E mpt yorder el i c ts i t eswer enot onl ypr es enti nr es i dent i a l a r ea soft hec i t y , butmos t l y s eeni na r ea ss i t ua t edwi t hi nr et a i l s ec t or s . Bot hAr gy l e S t r eeta ndGa l l owga t eha dt hehi ghes tpr es enc eof v a c a ntl a ndt obei r r a di a t ed, t a c k l i ngt hi si s s uewoul d hel pwi t hper c ei v edi s s uesofma i nt ena nc ea nds a f et y . ( Ana l y s i sBook3: Pl a nni nga ndPol i c y ; Ana l y s i sBook l et 4: E x per i enc i ngt heCi t y , 2018) .
Pol i c i es AS t r a t egyF orPl a c e: T heGl a s gowCi t yCounc i l I ni t i a t i v e Gl a s gowCi t yCounc i l sDev el opmentPl a ndi s pl a y st he s t r a t egi cf r a mewor koft hepr opos edur ba ngr owt hof Gl a s gow. E c onomi cgr owt h, s us t a i na bl edev el opment , c onnec t i v i t ya ndr es i l i enc ea r et hef ourma i nel ement si n whi c ht hec i t yc ounc i l i nv i s i onGl a s gowgr owi ngi n ( Gl a s gowCi t yCounc i l , 2017) .
Bec omi ngAPeopl ePl a c e
AnE c onomi c a l l yVi a bl ePl a c e
At a c t i cwi t hi nt hec i t i esdev el opmentpl a ni st oc r ea t ea v i br a ntc i t ywhi c ha t t r a c t speopl et owor k , l i v e , v i s i ta nd i nv es ti n. T odos o, t hec i t ypr opos a l sha v ebeen des i gnedt oba l a nc et her el a t i ons hi pbet weent he phy s i c a l , s oc i a l a ndec onomi cc ha r a c t er i s t i c soft hea r ea -s ot ha tea c hwor kt oget heri nha r mony .
T hepl a ni st oc r ea t ear es i l i enta ndgr owi ngc i t y ec onomy . T odos o, t heywa ntt oc r ea t eabr oa dba s e ofbus i nes sa v a i l a bl ewi t hi nt hec i t ywhi c hwi l l a l l ow a c c es st odi v er s ebus i nes soppor t uni t i es , pa r t i c ul a r l y wi t hi nt hes oc i a l ent er pr i s es ec t or . T her ei sa l s oa f oc usoni mpr ov i nghous i ngc ondi t i onswi t hi nt he c i t ya ndpr ov i deal a r gers uppl yofs us t a i na bl e hous i ngf ort her i s i ngi nc r ea s eofc i t yr es i dent s . Pr omot i ngGl a s gowa sahubf orhi ghereduc a t i on a nda sas uc c es s f ul educ a t i ona l c ent r ewi l l a l s obea n i nt egr a l pi ec eoft hec i t y’ sgr owt h.
AConnec t edPl a c e
AS us t a i na bl ePl a c e T hec ounc i l ha v ef oc us s edal otofa t t ent i ont owa r dst he r egener a t i ona ndr edev el opmentoft hee x i s t i ngur ba n a r eai nor dert oc r ea t eas us t a i na bl ec i t y . T hi smea ns s uppor t i ngt her egener a t i ona ndr edev el opmentofk ey hous i ngi nv es t menta r ea swhi l epr i or i t i s i ngt he r emedi a t i ona ndr eus eofv a c a nta ndder el i c tl a nd. A goa l wi t hi nt hi sdev el opmenta s pec ti st ohi ghl y c ont r i but et ot hedev el opmentofv i br a nta nd a c c es s i bl er es i dent i a l nei ghbour hoodsa nds uppor t hi gherr es i dent i a l dens i t i esi ns us t a i na bl el oc a t i ons . Pr ot ec t i nga ndenha nc i ngt hef unc t i ona ndi nt egr i t yof t heGr eenBel twi t hi nt hec i t ya ndc ont r i but i ngt owa r ds t hedev el opmentofa ni nt egr a t edgr eeni nf r a s t r uc t ur e
I nor derf orac i t yt obes uc c es s f ul i tneedst obe a c c es s i bl e , ens ur i ngt ha tpeopl ec a nmov ef r eel y a r oundt hec i t yt ol i v e , wor ka ndv i s i tc on dent l y . Gi v i ngpr i or i t yt opedes t r i a nsa ndc y c l i s t st hr ough t hei mpr ov ementofpubl i ct r a ns por ta ndedi t i ngt he c ur r entr oa dl a y out swi l l hel pi mmens el ywi t ht hi s s t r a t egy . T hi swi l l notonl yc r ea t eas a f er env i r onment , buta l s oa ddr es st hec i t i esa i rpol l ut i on a ndc l i ma t ec onc er ns . T hef ol l owi ngpol i c i esha v ebeenc r ea t edbyGl a s gow Ci t yCounc i l a saf ounda t i ont os uc c es s f ul l yc a r r y i ng outt hei rs t r a t egi cobj ec t i v esa ndpr opos a l f ort he
Pol i c i es Pl a c ema k i ngPr i nc i pl e( CDP1) T hePl a c ema k i ngPr i nc i pl ei sa i meda ti dent i f y i ngt he c ha r a c t era ndi dent i t yoft hec i t y . Wi t haf oc uson pl a c esf eel i nguni quewhi c ht henma k epeopl ef eel l i k et heybel onga ndwa ntt os t a yt her e . T hi spol i c y a i mst oi mpr ov et hehea l t ha ndwel l bei ngoft he popul a t i onofGl a s gowbya l t er i nga nddev el opi ngt he bui l tenv i r onmentt hr oughapr oc es st ha tput st he peopl ea ndc ommuni t yr s t . T hePr i nc i pl ef oc us esona des i gnl eda ppr oa c ht odev el opmentt ha tc ons i der s notj us thowt hedev el opmentwi l l a ffec ti t s i mmedi a t es ur r oundi ngs , buthowi tc ombi neswi t h t heel ement soft hec i t ya r oundi tt of or m ac ompl e x a nddy na mi cwhol e( Gl a s gowCi t yCounc i l , 2017) .
Gl a s gowCi t yCounc i l ha v ema det hef ol l owi ng s t a t ement si nr el a t i ont ohowt heypl a nt oa c hi ev ea newgr eenec oc i t y : “ E nhanc et heabi l i t yof Gl as gow’ snat ur al e nv i r onme nt s t oadapt andber e s i l i e nt t oc hange , i nc l udi ngc l i mat e c hange ” “ [ Bymai nt ai ni ng] ande nhanc i ngt hequal i t yand i nt e gr i t yof t heCi t y ’ sbi odi v e r s i t y , ge odi v e r s i t yand l ands c ape ” “ E ns ur et hat t heCi t yus e sl e s se ne r gyandc ar bonbas e d f ue l s , andt hat agr e at e r pr opor t i onof t heCi t y ’ se ne r gy c omef r omr e ne wabl er e s our c e s ” ( Gl a s gowCi t yCounc i l ’ sNewCi t yDev el opmentPl a n, 2017, p. 23) .
Gl a s gowVs . Cl i ma t eCha nge
Conc l us i on: Pl a nni ng&Pol i c y
I nor dert oma k eapl a c ea t t r a c t i v ea nddes i r a bl et he c i t yi sf oc us s edoni mpr ov i ngt hegr eenl a nds c a pe wi t hi nt hec i t ywhi c hi nt ol l wi l l notonl yhel pt oma k e t hec i t yr es i l i ent , buta l s oa c c es s i bl ea nda t t r a c t i v e . T he i ni t i a t i v el ook sa ta c hi ev i ngac i t ywher ena t ur a l a nd bui l tr es our c esc ont r i but et owa r dshi ghenv i r onment a l qua l i t y . Whi c ha r ea c c es s i bl et oa l l whol i v e , wor ka nd v i s i tt hec i t ya ndhel pt hec i t ya da ptt ot heeffec tof c l i ma t ec ha ngea swel l a sc ont r i but et owa r dsal ow c a r bona ndener gyeffic i entf ut ur e .
Asi l l us t r a t edGl a s gowCi t yCounc i l ha v eputal otof f oc usonr edes i gni nga ndi mpr ov i ngt hec i t yi nma ny wa y s . T hei rpol i c yi ni t i a t i v esa i meda tc ha l l engi ngt he c ur r entenv i r onment a l , ec onomi ca nds oc i a l c l i ma t e c a nbeunder s t ooda st houghtpr ov ok i nga nd f or wa r dt hi nk i ngwi t hr ega r dst our ba ndes i gn.
Aswek nowGl a s gowa l r ea dyha sabui l tenv i r onment , t ha ti sr i c ha ndf ul l ofar a ngeofdi ffer entus es . Howev er , i tha sbeena c k nowl edgedt ha tev enwi t h t hes uc c es sofs omes ec t or st hec i t yi ss t i l l f unc t i ona l l y a ndv i s ua l l ydi s c onnec t ed. T ot a c k l et hi sanew s ubs ec t i onofs t r a t egi esha v ebeenc r ea t edi nt he hopeofr ec on gur i ngGl a s gow’ ss oc i a l a ndur ba n f a br i c ; t hes ef oc usonr ei nv ent i ng, r epa i r i nga nd r ec onnec t i ngt hec ur r entc i t y .
T hepol i c yi sahol i s t i ca ppr oa c hwhi c hpr omot esa s ens eofpl a c ewi t hi nt hec i t y , l ook i ngt oi mpr ov et he wel l bei ngofr es i dent st hr ought hedes i gna nd a ppr ov a l ofdev el opment st ha tenc our a ges oc i a l i nt er a c t i onsi nas us t a i na bl eenv i r onment . T hi swi l l be a c hi ev edt hr oughc r ea t i ngi dent i t i esa ndbr a ndsi n di ffer ents ec t or soft hec i t yc ent r e; whi c hwi l l notonl y enc our a get hec ol l a bor a t i onbet weenbus i nes s s ec t or sa nds oc i a l demogr a phi c s , buta l s ot owa r ds a da pt i ngt obec omeaS MARTc i t y .
S WOTAna l y s i s S T RE NGT HS
opens pa c es c ul t ur a l l a ndma r k s hi s t or i c a l l a ndma r k s i mpor t a ntr et a i l s t r eet( Ar gy l eS t . a ndBuc ha na nS t . ) s t r eetc onnec t i onsa ndl i nk s
1.Wi t hi nt hec i t yc ent r et her ea r ea l r ea dyas er i esofopens pa c esa v a i l a bl ef orpubl i cus e 2.T hr oughoutt hec i t yc ent r et her ea r el a ndma r k sofbot hc ul t ur a l a ndhi s t or i c a l s i gnic a nc eondi s pl a y 3.T hea r ea swi t hi nourc i t yc ent r ebounda r ya r ea l r ea dyphy s i c a l l yc onnec t eda nd-t oa ne x t ent-a c c es s i bl eby bot hpedes t r i a na ndr oa dt r a ďŹƒc 4.T hec i t yi t s el fa l r ea dyha sas t r ongt our i s tpul l a ndt our i s tec onomy 5.T hec i t yi sa l s os eena sapr ot a bl ebus i nes shub, demons t r a t i nga ni nc r ea s i ngc ont r i but i ont oGl a s gow’ s ec onomi cs t a nc e
S WOTAna l y s i s WE AKNE S S E S
v ehi c ul a rc onj es t eds t r eet s ma i nv ehi c ul a rc onj unc t i ons l owma i nt ena nc ea r ea medi um ma i nt ena nc ea r ea hi ghma i nt ena nc ea r ea di s c onnec t eda r ea
1.Wi t hi nt hec i t yc ent r et her ei sas t r ongdomi na nc eofv ehi c ul a rt r a ďŹƒcduet ot heM8a ndmul t i pl el a ner oa ds a ndj unc t i onspr ov i dedwi t hi nt hec ur r ents t r eetl a y out s . T hi sha sr es ul t edi npedes t r i a npr i or i t ya ndpedes t r i a n s pa c est obenegl ec t ed. 2.Wi t hi nea c hoft hea r ea sapa t t er nofi nc ons i s t entma i nt ena nc ec a nbes een, t hi si nc l udesr ef er enc et obui l di ng f a c a des , opens pa c esa nds er v i c es /a meni t i espr ov i ded. 3.Ar ea swi t hi nt hec i t ya ppea rt obes epa r a t ea nddi s c onnec t edf r om t hec i t yc ent r e , t hi ss eemedt obe pa r t i c ul a r l ya ppa r entwi t hi nt her es i dent i a l di s t r i c t sofCa r l t ona ndT owhea dwhi c hs uerf r om s egr ega t i ona nd l a c kofper mea bi l i t y . 4.S t r a t hc l y deUni v er s i t yc a mpusi sbot hv i s ua l l ya nds oc i a l l ydi s c onnec t edf r om t hepubl i cr ea l m oft hec i t y c ent r e , wher et hei nf r a s t r uc t ur ea ndpubl i cs pa c espr ov i dea r ev i eweda spr i v a t el yownedpl a c es .
S WOTAna l y s i s OPPORT UNI T I E S
a r gy l es t r eete x t ens i on opens pa c e/pot ent i a l opens pa c e opens pa c esl i nk s t a t i on gl a s gowc r os ss t a t i onpot ent i a l s t r a t hc l y deuni v er s i t y pedes t r i a nc onnec t i ona nde x t ens i onoft heuni v er s i t y e x i s t i ngl a ndma r k s pot ent i a l l a ndma r k s
1.T oa c t i v el ypr omot ea nddr a wa t t ent i ont of or got t enl a ndma r k s , whi c hwi l l enha nc et ot hec ul t ur a l i ma geof t hec i t y . 2.T heopens pa c eswi t hi nt hec i t yc a nha v et hepot ent i a l t obec omepedes t r i a nnodes , wi t ht hec r ea t i onof s hel t er eda r ea sora r c a des . 3.Pr omot i nguni v er s i t yr es our c esa nde x pa ndi ngt hei rs ec t or sofi nnov a t i ona ndt ec hnol ogy . 4.Va c a ntl a nda ndbui l di ngsc a nber ef ur bi s heda ndr epa i r ed. T hi swoul da s s i s twi t hi s s uesofma i nt ena nc ewhi l e hel pi ngt or es t or et heur ba nf a br i cwi t hi nc er t a i na r ea s . 5.T oe x pa ndt r a ns por ta ndc onnec t i onl i nk swi t hi nt hec i t y , s uc ha sa c t i v a t i ngt hec ur r enti nf r a s t r uc t ur ea t Gl a s gowCr os s . 6.T her ei st heoppor t uni t yt or ec onnec tt heE a s tendoft hec i t yc ent r ewi t hades i r a bl ea nddi r ec tpedes t r i a n r out et ot heWes tv i a . Ar gy l eS t r eeta ndGa l l owga t e .
S WOTAna l y s i s T HRE AT S
l owma i nt ena nc ea r ea hi gh oodi ngr i s k medi um oodi ngr i s k hi ghs ur f a c ewa t er
1.Ar ea swi t hl owma i nt ena nc eha v enega t i v ef ea ra nds a f et yper c ept i onofbot hc i t yi nha bi t a nt sa ndv i s i t or s , i f t hi si s s uei snoti r r a di a t edt hes eper c ept i onswi l l c ont i nuet oes c a l a t ea sma i nt ena nc ec ont i nuest odet er i or a t e . 2.S omeoft hea r ea sma ybes us c ept i bl et o oodi ng, whi c hc a nc a us er i s kt of ut ur edev el opment s .
Ambi t i ons
CONNE CT I VI TY Rec onnec t -S egr ega t eda r ea sha v et obegi v ent heoppor t uni t yt oc onnec tt ot hei rs ur r oundi ngsbyi mpl ement i ng news t r eet sa ndr oa dst oi mpr ov ea c c es s i bi l i t y -Ameni t i esa nddwel l i ngss houl dbepl a c edwi t hi nba r r i er sofc ommuni t i est ohel pbr i dget hega pbet ween s ec l udeddi s t r i c t s -I mpl ement i ngs ubs t a nt i a l / gl oba l a meni t i esi nc r ea s est hel i k el i hoodt ha tpeopl ewi l l t r a v el t oa ndf r om a n a r ea , c onnec t i ngt hel oc a t i ont oi t sbr oa ders ur r oundi ngs -Pr ov i di ngs t r a i ghta ndea s i l yna v i ga bl es t r eet spr ov i dest henot i ont ha tapl a c ei swel l c onnec t edt o a not hera r ea , i ti sea s yt odet er mi newher ei ti s , a ndi ti sc ons i der edc l os eby -Remov i ngc ur r entpedes t r i a ni s eds t r eet si nmos t l yr es i dent i a l nei ghbour hoodst oenc our a gepeopl et o pa s st hr ougha na r ea Cr eat i ngaNet wor k -Av enuesa nda r t er i a l s t r eet sneedt oha v ev i a bl edev i a t i onopt i onst opr ov i depeopl ewi t har ea s ona nda n oppor t uni t yt os t a yi nt hea r ea .T hi sc a nbedonebyi ns t a t i ngma nys ec onda r ys t r eet soffapr i ma r yr oa d, el i mi na t i ngt hes ol eus eofa na r t er yr oa da sabr i dget ogetf r om onedi s t r i c tt oa not her -Connec tf r a c t ur eds t r eetnet wor k st oa l l owpeopl et oper mea t ea ndpa s st hr ougha r ea sa tea s e T a k ea dv a nt a geofe x i s t i ngi nf r a s t r uc t ur et ha tha sbeenunus ed, t hi si shugepot ent i a l f ori mpr ov i ngl oc a l c onnec t i v i t y , buta l s oonar egi ona l / na t i ona l s c a l e Get t i ngAboutt heCi t y -Reduc ea ut onomousv ehi c l epr i or i t i s a t i on, pr ov i di ngpedes t r i a nsa ndc y c l i s t swi t hv i a bl emea nsa nd i nf r a s t r uc t ur et omov eea s i l ya r oundt hec i t y -F ul l yc onnec tt hec i t y’ sc y c l enet wor k , t hi swi l l dr a ma t i c a l l yi nc r ea s et hea mountofc y c l i ngi nt hec i t y .T hi s doesnotonl yc r ea t ea s s ur a nc eofs a f et yf orc y c l i s t s , butwi l l a l s oa c ta saf ea s i bl emea nsoft r a ns por ti na nd outoft hec i t y , buta l s ot hr oughout -Reduc ewa i t i ngt i mesf orpedes t r i a ns t r eetc r os s i ngst oenc our a gemor epeopl et owa l ka r oundt hec i t y -Na r r owr oa dst os i ngl el et wowa yt r a ffict oi mpr ov ev ehi c l ea c c es s i bi l i t ybuta l s odec r ea s et hes peedof mot orv ehi c l esi nc ompa r i s ont oaonewa ys t r eet Br eaki ngt hr oughHar dBor der s -Ar t er i a l r oa dss houl dha v epl ent yofc onnec t i ngs ec onda r ys t r eet st opr ov i deopt i onsa nda l t er na t i v es , i nc r ea s i ngt hel i k el yus eoft hepr i ma r yr oa d -Bui l di ngov erorbr i dgi ngov ert het r a i nl i nei nCol l egel a ndswoul dc r ea t et hef ounda t i onsf or dev el opmentt owa r dsHi ghS t r eeta ndi nc r ea s et hev ol umeofur ba nf a br i ci nt heea s toft hec i t y -Reduc i ngha r dbor der sa smuc ha spos s i bl ei nc r ea s esa c c es s i bi l i t ya nddec r ea s ess egr ega t i on, t hi s er a di c a t esa nypos s i bl eedgeeffec t Ac c es s i bi l i t y T heM8s houl dnotbet heea s i es twa yt ot r a v el i na ndoutoft hec i t y .Ot heropt i onsoft r a v el l i ngi nt ot he c i t yneedt obepr ov i dedt odet erv ehi c l eus a gei na nda r oundt hemet r opol i s -I s ol a t edc ommuni t i ess houl dber ec onnec t edt owi derc ommuni t i esa ndt hec i t yc ent r et hr oughmor e wi des pr ea d, f r equenta ndeffec t i v epubl i ct r a ns por tt ec hni ques Wa l k i nga ndc y c l i ngs houl dbet hepr i or i t i s edf or msoft r a ns por ta r oundt hec i t yc ent r e
Ambi t i ons
CONNE CT I VI TY
e x i s t i ngs t a t i on pr opos eds t a t i on pr opos edc onnec t i ons a ddeds t r eet s ma i nr out es br ea k i ngbounda r y
Ambi t i ons S OCI AL
Exi s t i ngDi ver s i t ywi t hi nt heUni ver s i t yofSt r at hc l yde -Cul t ur a l di v er s i t yt hr ought hewor l dwi des t udent soft heUni v er s i t yofS t r a t hc l y depr ov i desoppor t uni t y f oruni quea nds pec i a l i s tr et a i l a ndf ood+bev er a gedev el opment s -Ahet er ogeneousc ul t ur epr ov i dest hepos s i bi l i t yt owi denac ommuni t y’ ss oc i a l a ndec onomi cper i pher y Monoc ul t ur es -S uppl ymi x edus egr ound oorbui l di ngf r ont a gesi ne x i s t i ngs i ngl eus enei ghbour hoodst opr ov i de c ul t ur a l a ndec onomi cdi v er s i t y -Cer t a i nhous i ngs houl dbes ubs i di est oenc our a geadi v er s i t yi nc l a s si nnei ghbour hoods -Pr ov i dea meni t i eswi t hi nwa l k i ngora tl ea s tc y c l i ngdi s t a nc ef r om r es i dent i a l a r ea s -Di s per s et heUni v er s i t yofS t r a t hc l y des ot ha ti ti nt er mi ngl eswi t ht her es toft hec i t y , a nda l l owsot her us est oc omei nt owha ti snowt heUni v er s i t yofS t r a t hc l y dec a mpus -T heuni v er s i t yofS t r a t hc l y des houl di mpl ementbet t erc ommuni t yi nt er a c t i onbyopeni ngi t ’ sbui l di ng Spar s i t y -Pr omot i nghous i ngdev el opment swhi c hma k eeffic i entus eofl a nd, i nc r ea s i ngt hedens i t ya nddi v er s i t yof t hea r ea -Newhous i ngdev el opment si nt hea r eas houl df ea t ur ear a ngeofhous et y pesa ndt enur es , di v er s i f y i ng t hepopul a t i ona ndi nc r ea s i ngt hedema ndf ors hopsa nds er v i c es -Remedi a t i onofv a c a nta ndder el i c tl a ndwi l l c ont r i but et owa r dsac ompa c tc i t yf or mt ha tf eel ss a f ea nd a t t r a c t i v et ol i v ei norpa s st hr ough -I nc r ea s eddens i t ywi l l enc our a get heus eofs us t a i na bl et r a ns por t a t i onmodes ; l es sneedt ous ev ehi c l es , i nc r ea s ei nus eofa c t i v et r a v el net wor k -S hor t ers t r eet sa ndc i t ybl oc k swi l l enc our a gemor epedes t r i a na c t i v i t y , c r ea t i ngav i a bl eenv i r onmentf or s ma l l erbus i nes s esa ndi nc r ea s edoppor t uni t i esf ors oc i a l i nt er a c t i ons PoorMai nt enanc e&Upkeep -Bui l di ngsa ndpl a c est ha tc ont r i but enega t i v el yt ot hepubl i cr ea l m duet ot hei ra ppea r a nc es houl dbe r ev i eweda ndadedi c a t edt ea mf or medbr i ngt hes ea r ea sba c kt oa na c c ept a bl es t a nda r d -Pr ov i der egul a rr ef us ef a c i l i t i eswi t ha nopt i ont or ec y c l ewi t hf r equentc ol l ec t i on -S i t est ha ta r eofpoorqua l i t ywi t hi na c t i v eowner ss houl dbec ons i der edf orc ompul s or ypur c ha s e -Reduc i ngpr es enc eofv ehi c l eswi l l r educ et heer os i onofbui l di ngs , a ndenha nc ea i rqua l i t y -Roa dsa ndwa l k wa y st ha tha v ef a l l eni nt odi s r epa i rs houl dbet a r get ed, pr ov i di ngac ons i s t entpl ea s a nt e x per i enc ef orus er s -F ut ur edev el opments houl dc ons i derl ev el sofma i nt ena nc e , f ore x a mpl e , us i ngc er t a i npl a s t i cma t er i a l si n t hec ons t r uc t i onofbui l di ngsc a nk eepnotonl yc os t sdownbutr educ et hea mountofma i nt ena nc er equi r ed -Cl ea r l yj us t i f yl a ndowner s hi pt oenc our a geupk eep, i fi ti sunc l ea rwhoi sr es pons i bl ef ora na r eaor s egmentofl a nd, i twi l l us ua l l yl a c kdec entma i nt ena nc e Meagr ePubl i cReal m -Ac t i v ef r ont a gesa nda t t r a c t i v ef a c a deswi l l ma k ea r ea sf eel a l i v ea ndwel c omi ng -Cons i der a t i onss houl dbema dei nt hedes i gnpr oc es st oma k i ngs ur et her ei sauni f or mi t yi nt hepubl i c r ea l m, wi t hbui l di ngsa ndpl a c esc ompl i ment i ngt hei rs ur r oundi ngs -Ar c a desa ndot hermet hodsofs hel t er edwa l k i ngs houl dbei mpl ement edt oc omba tt hewea t her , a l l owi nga c t i v i t yt ot a k epl a c ea l l y ea rr ound -L i ght i ngf ea t ur esa nda c t i v ef r ont a geswi l l c ont r i but et owa r dsas a f e , wa l k a bl eenv i r onment -Ma i nt a i ni ngar a t i oofbui l di nghei ghtt os t r eetwi dt h1: 1, es pec i a l l ya v oi di ngwi ders t r eet st ha nbui l di ng hei ght s
Ambi t i ons S OCI AL
Node 400met err a di usf r om node i nt er a c t i v ea r c a dedgr ound oor uni v er s i t yl a nd pr opos edc onnec t i ons
Hous i ng -Newhous i ngdev el opment si nt hea r eas houl df ea t ur ear a ngeofhous et y pesa ndt enur es , di v er s i f y i ngt he popul a t i ona ndi nc r ea s i ngt hedema ndf ors hopsa nds er v i c es -Hous i ngdev el opment ss houl dbedes i gnedwi t haba l a nc eofpr i v a t egr eens pa c esf orr es i dent s , a ndpubl i c a r ea st ha ta l l owi nt egr a t i oni nt ot hec i t yf a br i c -Newhous i ngdev el opment ss houl dc ons i dert hei ri mpa c tont hes ur r oundi nga r ea s , a nda ddi t i ona l s er v i c es a nda meni t i espr ov i deda c c or di ngl y -I mpl ementahea l t hyba l a nc ebet weenhous i nga nda meni t i es , peopl es houl dbea bl et owa l kt omos toft hei r s er v i c es -T hi sc a nbea c hi ev edbyi mpl ement i nggr ound ooruni t soper a t i ngs er v i c eswi t hi n, wi t hr es i dent i a l uni t s a bov eora tl ea s tbei ngwi t hi nv et ot enmi nut es ’ wa l kofanode -Av oi dbui l di ngov er v es t or ey si nhei ghtt oa v oi ds oc i a l di s c onnec t i onwi t hupper oora pa r t ment st ot he s t r eetc ommuni t ybel ow -E nc our a gebui l dt or enta ndhel pt obuyhous i ngs c hemest ohel pa t t r a c ty oungpot ent i a l buy er st oanew dev el opment
Ambi t i ons
E COL OGI CAL +CONS E RVAT I ON Gr eenSpac es -I nc r ea s i ngt hepr es enc eoft hegr eennet wor kt hr oughoutt hec i t ywi l l c ont r i but et owa r dsas ens eofpl a c e a ndi nc r ea s et hea t t r a c t i v enes soft hea r ea -Dens egr eener yi nc r ea s est hel i k el i hoodt ha tt hea r eawi l l a t t r a c tav a r i et yofs pec i es -Pr ov i dehi ghqua l i t yma i nt a i nedopens pa c esf orpeopl et opa s st hr ough, r el a x , a nde x er c i s ea ta nyt i meof t heda y–i ti si mpor t a ntt ha tt hes es pa c esa r en’ tt ooopen, a speopl ewi l l f eel unc omf or t a bl eus i ngt hem, but a l s onott oos ma l l , a st her emi ghtnotbeenenoughs pa c ef ora c t i v i t i est ooc c ur -I nt r oduc i nggr eenf ea t ur est oc ompl i mentt hee x i s t i nga r c hi t ec t ur ea ndbui l tf or m -Dec r ea s el i k el i hoodofoodi ngt hr oughna t ur a l i nt er c ept i ona ndgr eeni nf r a s t r uc t ur e: -Gr eenRoof s -Gr eenWa l l s -Communi t yGa r dens -E nha nc i nge x i s t i ngpubl i cs pa c est ogi v et hem pur pos ea ndf unc t i on -I nt egr a t i ngpubl i ca ndpr i v a t egr eens pa c esi nt onewdev el opment s , c r ea t i ngpl a c espeopl ewa ntt ol i v e a nds pendt i me -Connec t i ngor i gi na l gr eens pa c esbet t erwi t he x i s t i ngc ommuni t i esa ndnodes Fl oodRi s k -Ar ea swi t ht opogr a phyt ha tc a us ess ur f a c ewa t er oodi ngs houl dbei nv es t i ga t eda ndS us t a i na bl eUr ba n Dr a i na geS y s t ems( S UDs ) orgr eeni nf r a s t r uc t ur et ha twoul da l l ev i a t epr obl emss houl dbei mpl ement ed -Gr eenr oof swoul di mpr ov ei nl t r a t i ona ndr educ es ur f a c er unoff, dec r ea s i ngt hel i k el i hoodofoodi ng– t hi swoul da l s obenett hebui l di ngsi ns ul a t i on -Gr eenwa l l swoul da ga i ni mpr ov ei nl t r a t i on, r equi r edf ort hepl a nt s , buta l s oi nt er c eptr a i nf a l l , whi c h woul ddec r ea s es ur f a c er unoff. -Pot ent i a l ga r densorc ommuna l gr eens pa c esc oul dbedev el opedi ns uc hawa yt ha tna t ur a l dr a i na gea nd r educ t i oni ns ur f a c er unoffwoul ddec r ea s et hel i k el i hoodofoodi ng Cons er vat i on -Rev i t a l i s i nga r ea st ha tha v ehi s t or i c a l i mpor t a nc ebyc el ebr a t i nga ndi nt egr a t i ngt hee x i s t i nga r c hi t ec t ur e a nda s s et si nt odev el opment ss us t a i na bl y -I nc r ea s et our i s m bya dv er t i s i nga ndpr omot i ngGl a s gow’ spa s t( gooda ndba ds i des ) -Cons er v i ngl i s t edbui l di ngs , ormodi f y i ng/ ut i l i s i ngt hem i nnewdev el opment sc ont r i but i ngt ot hei dent i t y a ndbr a ndoft hea r ea -T a k ea dv a nt a geofe x i s t i ngi c oni chi s t or i c a l bui l di ngsa sl a ndma r k s , whi c hc oul dpot ent i a l l ya c ta snoda l poi nt sa ndc r ea t ei t sown‘ pl a c e ’ -Ma k ehi s t or i cl a ndma r k sc l ea r l yr ec ogni z a bl er ega r di ngt hei ri mpor t a nc ea ndr el a t i v i t yt ot hei r s ur r oundi ngs , s ubs t a nt i a l l yi mpr ov i ngt hei dent i t yofa na r ea -Regul a t i onofper s ona l a ut onomousv ehi c l eswi t hi nt hec i t ybounda r i eswoul dr educ et hes c a r r i ngof or i gi na l a r c hi t ec t ur et hr oughr educ t i oni npol l ut i on
Ambi t i ons
E COL OGI CAL +CONS E RVAT I ON
gr eenbor der gr eens pa c es gr eennet wor k l a ndma r k s hi gh oodi ngr i s k medi um oodi ngr i s k hi ghs ur f a c ewa t er
Ambi t i ons E CONOMI CS
Va c a ntL a nds E duc a t i on Hea l t h T r a ns por t Gr eenNet wor k Ret a i l S er v i c es L ei s ur e F ood Ci v i cCul t ur a l Communi t y
Land+Bui l di ngVac anc i es -E nc our a gedev el opmentofv a c a ntl a ndwher ev erpos s i bl et oi mpr ov edens i t ya ndr emedyaf r a c t ur ednet wor k ofbui l di ngs -Cha ngeofus esc ons i der edf orl a ndwi t hal a y outori nf r a s t r uc t ur enol ongera ppr opr i a t e -T r ea t mentofpot ent i a l l ypol l ut eds oi l duet opr ev i ouswoul da t t r a c tpot ent i a l dev el opmentt ov a c a nt br own el ds i t es -Res t or a t i onofa r ea st obr i ngl i f eba c kt oonc et hr i v i ngs i t es( Cont e x t ua l Dev el opment ) -Us eofe x i s t i ngbui l di ngsf orwor k s pa c es , es pec i a l l ys t a r t upbus i nes s eswher er entus ua l l yneedst obec hea p -Under s t a ndi ngofhowt hedev el opmentofunus edl a ndc a nbeneti t ss ur r oundi ngs( hol i s t i c ) -S ubs i di s i ngr ent sofl ongt er mr et a i l uni tv a c a nc i est oa t t r a c tnewbus i nes s es -Rel a xpl a nni ngpol i c i est oenc our a gei nnov a t i v edev el opment si nf r a c t ur ednei ghbour hoods -Oerl a ndf orr edev el opmenti ns epa r a t epoc k et st oenc our a geas t r ongmi xi na r c hi t ec t ur ea ndus es
T heE x i s t i ngCi t y
AME NI T I E SANDNODE S
400m 800m
Gl oba l Ameni t i es L oc a l Node Gl oba l Node Nur s er y , Da y c a r e , Pr i ma r yS c hool , duc a t i on: E S ec onda r yS c hool Chemi s t , Dent i s t , Doc t or , Hea l t h t h: Heal Cent r e , Gener a l Hos pi t a l Cy c l eL a ne , BusS t op, S ubwa ya nd r a ns por t T : T r a i nS t a t i on
eenNet wor k Gr a i l Ret Ha i r dr es s er , Ba nk , Pos tOďŹƒc e , er v i c es : S
As s oc i a t i on, S ol i c i t or , F uner a l Di r ec t or , Pol i c e S t a t i on, J obCent er L ei s ur eorAr tCent er , S por t sHa l l ei s ur e: L Gr oc er s , Ba r s , Res t a ur a nt s , ooda nddr i nk s : F F a s tF ood, S uper s t or es Chur c h, v i cCul t ur a l Communi t y : Ci Cur l t ur a l Cent er s , E nt er t a i nment , L i br a r y
Gl a s gow pr es ent sac ompl e xdi s t r i but i on ofa meni et i esa nd a het er ogeneousf a br i cofnodes . I ti spos s i bl et oi dent i f ya ni mba l a nc ebet weent heCi t yCent r ea nd t hes ur r oundi nga r ea s ;t henumberof nodesi ns i det heCi t yCent r e a r ei nt er c onnec t eds ot ha tt heyc r ea t eagl oba lnodewhi c hc a n pr ov i def ormos toft hec i t y . Howev er ,nodesi n Ca l t on a nd Col l egel a ndsa r ec ompl et el y di s c onnec t ed. T hes es ma l ll oc a l nodesa l ongGa l l owga t ea ndL ondonRoa ds er v et her es i dent i a l a r eanor t hofGl a s gowGr een. T heT ownhea da r eai ss ur r oundedbynodes ,butt heydon’ ts er v e t hewhol enei ghbour hooda st heya r ea tadi s t a nc eofmor et ha n 400m a pa r t , t her ef or ec a nnotbec ons i der eda sl oc a l . Ov er a l l t her ei sal a c kofE duc a t i ona l S er v i c es( e x c l udi nguni v er s i t y educ a t i on) a ndofHea l t h, L ei s ur ea ndCommuni t yCent r es .
Under st andi ngt hedensi t yofdwel l i ngsi nt hest udyar eapor t r ayswher e f ut ur ehousi ngdevel opment sshoul dl i kel ybel ocat ed.Ar easofver yl ow r esi dent i aldensi t ywi l lusual l yhavel i t t l eusageoutoft hei rpr i mar yuse, t her ef or eatl eastmedi um housi ngdensi t yshoul dl ookt obeachi eved t hr oughoutmostt heci t y . Usi ngt heScot t i shNei ghbour hoodSt at i st i cs’ dat ar egar di nghousi ngand uni t sofmeasur ement( Dwel l i ngsperHect ar e( DPH) )t hemapshown r epr esent st he di st r i but i on ofdwel l i ngsi nt he ar ea sur r oundi ng Hi gh St r eet .Thedat at hati ssepar at edi nt oScot t i shCensusDat aZones, whi chal l owsdi f f er entpocket sofdensi t yt obeexami ned. The di f f er ences i n bui l tf or m acr oss t he st udy ar ea have der i ved i nconsi st entdensi t i est hr oughout .Lar gepat chesofunusedvacantl and and uneven di st r i but i on ofser vi ces overt he ci t y has r esul t ed i n numer oussoci oeconomi cpr obl emsar oundHi ghSt r eet .
Por tGl a s gow
S t r eetNet wor kHi er a r c hy Pr ov a nmi l l
T HEE XI S T I NGCI TY S our c e: Di gi ma pwebs i t e
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Ca r nt y ne
T ol l c r os s Cr os s hi l l
Hi ghS peedRoa ds Ur ba nMa i nS t r eet L oc a l Ma i nS t r eet L oc a l S t r eet Pedes t r i a nS t r eet
MountVer non
Gl a s gow’ sv ehi c ul a rr oa dnet wor ki sma r r edbyt hei nt r us i onof t heM8.F a s t owi ngt r a fficf r om t hemot or wa yba c k supi nt he i nt r i c a t ec i t yc ent r e , ma k i ngc onges t i onar ea l pr obl em.T hi si sa s pec ici s s uea r oundhi ghs t r eetwi t hi t sj unc t i ont ot heM8. E v ent hought hemot or wa y’ shei ghta l l owsper mea bi l i t y , ur ba n f a br i cha s n’ tf or medc l os ebyduet oi t si nt i mi da t i ngpr es enc e . T owa r dst heea s ti ti sev i dentt ha tf ewerl oc a l s t r eet se x i s t , whi l e ur ba nma i nr oa dsa r emor epr omi nent .T hi si ndi c a t est ha tt he mot orv ehi c l edomi na t est heenv i r onmenta ndt her ei sper ha ps s oc i a l di s c onnec t i on.
Publ i cT r a ns por t T HEE XI S T I NGCI TY S our c e: Di gi ma pwebs i t e
Gl a s gowha st hr eema i nmet hodsof t r a ns por t : s ubwa y , bus esa nd t r a i ns . Roa dt r a ns por ti se x t ens i v ea nd wel ldev el oped,but not wi des pr ea d;ma nyr es i dent i a la r ea s ,es pec i a l l yea s toft heCi t y Cent r ea r enots er v edpr oper l y . T hes ubwa yi snotv er ye x t ens i v e , i tonl yc onnec t sac ent r a lr i ng. T he r a i l wa y net wor ki smor e dev el oped pr ov i di ng f ormos t c onur ba t i onsa r oundGl a s gow a nde x t endsdi r ec t l yt oL ondon. T hepr es enc eof di s us edr a i l wa y si sagoodba s i sf ort hei nc r ea s eof t hi snet wor k . I nt hes t udya r eat her ea r es i xr a i l wa ys t a t i ons , whos epos i t i onsa r e nots t r a t egi c : t het wopr i ma r y , Cent r a lS t a t i ona ndQueenS t r eet S t a t i on,a r el oc a t edi nt hes a mea r eaoft hec ent r e .Hi ghS t r eet S t a t i onl a c k sdec enti nf r a s t r uc t ur ea ndi sunf or t una t el yonl yus ed a sas ec onda r yt r a i ns t a t i on.
Cy c l eRout es
T HEE XI S T I NGCI TY S our c e: Ar c GI Swebs i t e
Ons t r eetCy c l eL a ne Offs t r eetCy c l eL a ne
Gl a s gow’ snet wor kofc y c l el a nesi sv er ys pa r s e . Howev er , t hee x i s t i ngba s ei sagoods t a r t , ev eni f mos tof t hec y c l e pa t hsa r ei nt er r upt ed, t heyc ov eri nt er es t i ngs t r a t egi cpoi nt sof t he c i t y . Oneoft hepr obl emsi st hel a c kofa dequa t ei nf r a s t r uc t ur e .
T opogr a phy
T HEE XI S T I NGCI TY S our c e: Di gi ma pWebs i t e
( Met r es )
T het opogr a phyoft heS t udyAr eas howsa ni nc r ea s ei na l t i t ude f r om t her i v ernor t hea s t er l y .T hedev el opmentoft hec i t y f ol l owst hes ha peof t hel a nd.Nea rt her i v er , wher et her ei smor e ofapl a i n,we nda r ea sofdens eur ba ni s a t i on.F ur t heruphi l l dev el opmentbec omesmor es por a di ca ndi nf or ma lwi t ht he c ur v a t ur eoft hel a nd.Howev er ,i mpor t a ntl a ndma r k ss uc ha s t heUni v er s i t yofS t r a t hc l y dea ndt heNec r opol i sa r el oc a t eda t t hec i t y’ shi ghes tf oc a l poi nt s .
L a ndUs e
T HEE XI S T I NGCI TY
I ndus t r i a l Mi x dDev el opment Publ i c Res i dent i a l a ndS uppor t i ng Commer c i a l a ndRet a i l / OďŹƒc e E duc a t i ona ndS uppor t i ng T hel a ndus ea na l y s i ss howsa nunba l a nc eddi v i s i onbet ween a r ea s ;t heur ba nf a br i coft heCi t yCent r ei sa l mos tt ot a l l y c ha r a c t er i s ed by a pr ev a l enc e ofc ommer c i a la nd r et a i l a c t i v i t i es . Howev ert hea r ea sov erCa l t ona ndCol l egel a ndsa r e a l mos tt ot a l l yr es i dent i a l . Mor eov er ,t hec ha r a c t erofev er ya r eai sc l ea r l ydened,f or e x empl et heuni v er s i t yqua r t eri swel ls ol el yeduc a t i ona l , s uc h a sT ownhea di sr es i dent i a l .Nor t hof T ownhea di si ndus t r i a l a nd t ot henor t hea s ti nc l udest heRoy a lI nr ma r y ,Nec r opol i sa nd Ca t hedr a l a spubl i cs pa c e . T hi si mpl i esapoordi s t r i but i onofs er v i c es .Ar ea st owa r dst he ea s tdonotha v eenoughus a bl epubl i cs pa c es ,c ommer c i a l a r ea sa ndeduc a t i ona l f a c i l i t i es .
Gr eenS pa c es
T HEE XI S T I NGCI TY
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I na c c es s i bl eOpenS pa c e OpenPubl i cS pa c e Ac c es s i bl eOpenS pa c e Ma nt a i nGr eenAr ea Negl ec t edGr eenAr ea S por t sF a c i l i t y Pl a yAr ea Pot ent i a l F l owa ndConnec t i ona sPedes t r i a nNodes
Gl a s gow’ s gr een s pa c e net wor ks hows a l a c k ofc ont i nui t y t hr oughoutt hec i t y . T hedens eur ba nf a br i cdoesnota l l owt ot he ec ol ogi c a l s y s t em t oi nt ens i f y . Ont hec ont r a r y ,i nt hea r ea sofCa l t ona ndCol l egel a ndsi ti s pos s i bl et os eeagoodi nt er c onnec t i onofgr eena r ea s ,whet her publ i corpr i v a t e . T her ea r ea l s oma nya ba ndoned, v a c a ntornegl ec t eds egment sof l a nd, whi c ha r ea noppor t uni t yt oi nc r ea s et heec ol ogi c a l net wor k . T hec ur r ents i t ua t i ons howst ha tf ornowt hegoa l oft heE ur opea n Uni onwi t ht heNa t ur a2000net wor k pr ogr a mmeha snotbeen a c hi ev ed.
L a ndma r k s
T HEE XI S T I NGCI TY
6 4
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Wa l l Ar t
Cl oc kT ower
L a ndma r k si nt hes t udya r eai n uenc et hepubl i cr ea l ma nd c ont r i but es i gnic a nt l yi npl a c ema k i ngqua l i t i es .T hef ea t ur eshi ghl i ght edi ns t i ls y mbol i ca ndhi s t or i c a li mpor t a nc e , por t r a y i ng pr omi nentf ea t ur eswi t hi npoc k et sa r ound t he c i t y .I nt hi swa yt heur ba nl a nds c a pei se x per i enc edt hr ough obs er v a t i onofdi s t i ngui s ha bl ec i t ys pa c es . T hi sa na l y s i sma k esi tpos s i bl et ov i s i onas pa c ea sac i t i z en r a t hert ha na ne x per t :t heus ert hems el v esbec omest he e x per toft hec i t ya ndoft hec ha ngest ha tc a nbema de .
F l oodRi s k
T HEE XI S T I NGCI TY
Gl a s gowc i t yc ent r ea samedi um t ohi ghr i s kofs ur f a c ewa t er oodi ngi nma nypa r t s , t hi si sduet ot hehi gh l ev el ori mpenet r a bl es ur f a c ea ndl a c kofgr eennet wor kt oi nt er c epta nds t or er a i nwa t er . T hes ur f a c ewa t erl oc a t ednea ra nda r oundt het r a i nt r a c k sc omi ngoutofHi ghS t r eetS t a t i onha v ebeen i dent ieda spr obl ema r ea sf or s ur f a c ewa t eroodi ng.T hi sc oul dbeduet ot hes t eept opogr a phys ur r oundi ng t her a i l l i neswi t hpoordr a i na ge , l ea di ngt oabui l dupofwa t eri nper i odsofhi ghpr ec i pi t a t i on. T heCl y deT i da l Wei rc a nbedi s t i ngui s hedt hr ought hebl ue/ gr eenj ux t a pos i t i on, t hi ss howst ha ti ti sdoi ngi t s j oba ndhel pi ngc ont r olc oa s t a l oodi ng.Al t hough, a r ea sj us tot heba nk soft her i v era r es t i l la ec t edby r i v er oodi ng.T hebl uepa t c hess ur r oundi ngt hewei ra r el owpoi nt si nt hec i t y , whi c hs houl dbec ons i der ed f orpot ent i a li nf r a s t r uc t ur a lr egener a t i on.T hi swi l ls a f egua r dt hea r eaa ga i ns tt hea c c umul a t i onofwa t er a r oundt hewei rdur i nghi ghpr ec i pi t a t i on. E x i s t i ngpr obl em a r ea ss houl dbet a r get ed,a ndpl a nneddev el opment si nt hes t udya r eas houl dt a k ei nt o a c c ounthowpr ec i pi t a t i oni sma na ged. I mpl ement i ngs of tengi neer i ngmet hodst ha tc a nc ont a i na ndt r ea t t hewa t era ndwi l lbenett heec os y s t emspr es ent , c ont r i but i ngt owa r dsr educ i ngt hes t r a i nont hee x i s t i ng dr a i na ges y s t em.
L oc a l Cl os enes s400m
T HEE XI S T I NGCI TY
Hi ghCl os enes s
L owCl os enes s
Gl a s gow’ sdens i t yi ss por a di c . Gl a s gow Cr os sbenet sf r om ha v i ngma nyr oa dss ur r oundi ngl oc a t edi nas ma l la r ea .T hi s s howst ha tt hef ounda t i onsa r ea l r ea dys etf ordi s t i ngui s ha bl e ur ba nf a br i ct of or m.Howev er , t heev i dent l ys pa r s edi s t r i c t st o t heea s tgener a t ea nedgeeec t ,a snowi derc ommuni t yi s a l l owedt openet r a t e . L ow dens i t yt i esi nwi t ht hel i k el i hoodofs oc i a li nt er a c t i on. Ar ea swi t hl es ss t r eet spr ov i del es sc ha nc ef orc ommuni t yt o f or m.T hi si sdemons t r a t i v ei nT ownhea d. T hes heerv a c a nc yofCol l egel a ndsi sunor t hodoxofac i t y c ent r e ,s uc hunus a bl el a ndc r ea t esaphy s i c a lba r r i erbet ween pot ent i a l c ommuni t i est of or m.
Gl oba l S t r a i ght nes s T HEE XI S T I NGCI TY
Hi ghS t r a i ght nes s
L owS t r a i ght nes s T ownhea da ndCa l t onha v ec l ea rpr obl emswi t ha c c es s i bi l i t y . L ow s t r a i ght nes sdi r ec t l yr el a t est o poorper mea bi l i t ya nd t hr oughnes sofanei ghbour hood.Asc a nbes een,bot hof t hes edi s t r i c t sa r ema deupofmul t i pl ec ul des a c sa ndpr ov i de f ew poi nt sofent r y .Peopl eha v enor ea s ont opa s st hr ough t hes ea r ea s ,whi c hi nt ur nhei ght enss oc i a ls egr ega t i on. By pr ov i di ngf ewdi r ec topt i onsoft r a v el bet weenpl a c es , aba r r i er i seec t i v el yf or med.
Gl oba l Bet weennes s T HEE XI S T I NGCI TY
Hi ghBet weennes s
L owBet weennes s
Hi ghS t r eeti soneof onl yaf ewr oa dsi nt hec i t yt ha tt a k est r a ffic c ont i nuous l yl ongt i t udi na l l y .T hi spr es ent st her oa da soneof t hek eybr i dgesoft hec i t yc ent r ea nd wi derc onur ba t i ons . Al t hough t her ea r ema nyr oa dst ha ta r et r a v el l ed t hr ough f r equent l yt ot heea s tofGl a s gow,t her ea r ea l s oma nys t r eet s whi c ha r eha r dl ypenet r a t edbyt r a ffic . Ar ea sofpoorbet weennes sha v el i t t l ea bi l i t yt of or m pa s s i ng t r a dea ndt endt oc or r el a t ewi t hc onv ent i ona ls oc i oec onomi c pr obl ems . Nei ghbour hoods wi t hl ow bet weennes sa nd s ur r oundedbyhi ghbet weennes sc onnot esac ommuni t yt ha ti s i s ol a t edf r om wi ders oc i et y .T hi sc a nbes eeni nT ownhea da nd t heCa l t ondi s t r i c t .
Ca s eS t udi es Ca s es t udya na l y s i sha sbeen c onduc t ed i n or dert o ga i n adeeperunder s t a ndi ng ofpl a nni ng a nd i mpl ement i ngc i t yc ent r er egener a t i ons t r a t egi es . T hr oughe x t ens i v er es ea r c hi nt ot hepl a nni nga ndv i s i onof ea c hof t hedev el opment spr opos edwi t hi nt hi ss ec t i on, i tc a nnowbeunder s t oodt hev a r i ouswa y si nwhi c h e x t er na l a s pi r a t i ona l i dea sa l i newi t hourr edes i gni ni t i a t i v es . T hema i nf oc a l poi nt se x a mi neda r e: t hei nt r oduc t i onofgr eens pa c es ; c i t yc ent r er es i dent i a l dev el opment s ; ec onomi cgr owt h; a r c hi t ec t ur a l des i gn; a ndc ul t ur a l qua r t er s . T hes ea r ea l s oa r ea s ofi nt er es twi t hi nourownv i s i ona nds t r a t egi ca c t i onpl a n,t her ef or ei tha sbeendemons t r a t ed howpoi nt sdi s c us s edc a nbei mpl ement edwi t hi nGl a s gow’ sr edev el opment .
Dundee: Cul t ur a l Regener a t i on Dundeec i t yc ent r eha sbegunt ounder goi t ’ s£1bi l l i on t r a ns f or ma t i onc ent r i nga r oundt hei r wa t er f r onta r ea . T hea i mi st odev el opt hec i t yi nt oa wor l dl ea di ngwa t er f r ontdes t i na t i on, t hr ough notonl yi t ’ s phy s i c a ldes i gn pr oper t i es buta l s o t hr ought hepr omot i onoft hec i t y’ sher i t a gea nd new c ul t ur a l qua r t er .A k ey a i m behi nd t hi s dev el opmenti st obr i ngec onomi cr ev i t a l i s a t i ont ot he c i t y ,t o boos templ oy mentoppor t uni t i esa nd ga i n r ec ogni t i ont owa r dst hei reduc a t i ona l i ns t i t ut i ons s uc ha st heDunc a nofJ or da ns t oneS c hoolofAr ta nd Des i gn( DJ CAD) ( DundeeCi t yCounc i l 2018; DundeeWa t er f r ont ,2018) .A f oc ust owa r dsc ul t ur a l r egener a t i on c a n be ut i l i s ed wi t hi n Gl a s gow’ s r edev el opments t r a t egy . T hec i t yi sa l r ea dyk nowna s bot hac ul t ur a la nd a r t i s t i c hub,a nd ha st he oppor t uni t yt oe x t end t hi sper c ept i oni nt oi t ’ sc i t y c ent r e e x pa ns i on. A s t r a t egy enc our a gi ng t he i nt er a c t i onbet weenc ul t ur a l l yf oc us s eds pa c esa nd educ a t i ona li ns t i t ut i onsc oul d pr ov et o be hi ghl y benec i a l f ort hec i t y .
Bel f a s t : E c onomi c a nd Regener a t i on
Net wor k
Bel f a s t Ci t y Counc i l ha v e pur pos ed a £400mi l l i onr egener a t i ons c hemef ort hec i t y c ent r e ,whi c h pr omot es a f or wa r dt hi nk i ng v i s i on i n t er ms of ec onomi ca nd s oc i a l dev el opment .Ak eys t r a t egyi st oenc our a ge peopl et ol i v ea ndwor kwi t hi nt hec i t yc ent r e , whi c h wi l l hel p s uppor tt he c ont i nua l e x pa ns i onoft hec i t y . T her eha sa l s obeenahugef oc usoni nc r ea s ed t oa ndwi t hi npubl i cr ea l ms . T her eha sbeen pur pos eddev el opmentons t r eetnet wor k si n or dert or ea t t a c hs ur r oundi nga r ea sba c kt ot he CBD;whi l er es t r i c t i ngbui l di nghei ght st oa i d i s s uesofs epa r a t i ona nds egr ega t i onwi t hi nt he c ent r e( Bel f a s tCi t yCounc i l ,2018;MCEPubl i c Rel a t i ons , 2017) . I twa sf oundt ha ti s s uess uc ha s a r ea s ofs egr ega t i on a nd poorv i s ua la nd net wor kc onnec t i v i t ywi t hi nt hepubl i cr ea l m wer e pr es entwi t hi n Gl a s gow’ sc i t yc ent r e . Bel f a s t ’ ss t r a t egypr opos a ls t a t i ngt heus eof new r oa dl a y out sa nd bui l di ng c ons t r i c t i ons c a nbeus edi nc onj unc t i onwi t hourc ur r ent s t r a t egypr opos a l s .
Ca s eS t udi es
Bi r mi ngha m: S us t a i na bl eRedev el opment
L eeds : L a ndma r kRej uv ena t i on
Bi r mi ngha m Ci t y Counc i l pl a n t o t r a ns f or m Bi r mi ngha mS mi t h el d, t hes i t eoft hec i t y’ sf or mer whol es a l ema r k et s .T hev i s i on i st or edes i gn t hi s s pa c ea sal a ndma r kdes t i na t i on wi t hi nt hec i t y , whi c h wi l l hopef ul l y be a c hi ev ed t hr ough s us t a i na bl e , mi x ed us e dev el opment s i t es . Dev el opmenti spr i ma r i l yi nt endedt oc r ea t eanew v i br a ntr et a i lma r k et ,f a mi l yl ei s ur ea nd c ul t ur a l a t t r a c t i ons ,i nt r oduc t i onofnew publ i cs pa c es ,a nd i nt egr a t ed t r a ns por tf a c i l i t i es .( Bi r mi ngha m Ci t y Counc i l ,2018;Cus hma na nd Wa k eel d,2017) . Bi r mi ngha m’ si nt er es ti nc r ea t i ng a s us t a i na bl e , gr een a nd i nc l us i v e env i r onmentc a n be us ed a l ongs i de ours t r a t egy pr opos a l ,a si thel pst o demons t r a t et he i mpor t a nc e of r ei nv es t i ng i n a s pec t soft hepubl i cr ea l ma ndec onomi cs ec t or s s uc h a s r et a i la nd l ei s ur e .I f t he s a me i mpl ement a t i onsa ndi nv es t ment sa r ema dewi t hi n Gl a s gow,hugei mpr ov ement sc a n bema dea nd enc our a gei nt er a c t i onf r om awhol ehos tofv i s i t or s .
L eedsr egener a t i onf oc us s esoni nt r oduc i ng anew r es i dent i a l hous i ngwi t hi nt hec i t yc ent r e , whi c h hopest oc r ea t eav i br a ntnew c ommuni t y whi l e i mpr ov i ngt hepubl i cr ea l mi ni t sl oc a t i on. T hi snew dev el opment wi l la s s i s ti n t he c i t y’ s ea s t wa r d e x t ens i onofL eedsc i t yc ent r e . Anot herf oc a lpoi ntof t hei rr egener a t i ons t r a t egyi si mpr ov i ngpubl i cs pa c es a ndma k i ngt hem l a ndma r kor i ent a t ed. Onee x a mpl e of t hi si mpl ement a t i oni si nMea dowPa r kwher eL eeds Ci t yCounc i lpr opos et o dev el op a nd ma na get he ma i nt ena nc eoft hepa r ka nd s t r uc t ur et hec ent r a l poi ntt owa r dsT et l eyf a c t or y .T hi sl a ndma r k shel ps demons t r a t et hec i t yhi s t or yi ni ndus t r ya ndpopul a r c ul t ur e( L eedsCi t yCounc i l ,2018) .I dea si l l us t r a t ed her ec a nbeus edwi t hi nourownc i t ydev el opment pl a ns .T hec onc ent r a t i on ofi nt egr a t i ng as ens eof c ommuni t ywi t hi nr es i dent i a ldev el opment sc a nbe a ddr es s edwi t hi nt her egener a t i onofbot hT ownhea d a ndCa r l t on. Whi l et heT ennent ’ sbr ewer yc a na c ta sa l a ndma r kpi ec eofi nf r a s t r uc t ur ewi t hi nt het our i s t ec onomyoft hec i t y , a ndbr i ngl i f et ot hes ur r oundi ng a r ea .
Kl y deWar r enPar k ,Dal l asTX,USA
I nt er na t i ona l Ca s eS t udi es
oc ov erupunwant edv i s ual i nf r as t r uc t ur es uc h y deWar r enPar ki samanmadepi ec eofgr een awayt Kl
he r ai l way l i nes atCol l egel ands or pos s i bl y i nf r as t r uc t ur ewhi c hhashel pedt onotonl yc r eat ea as t ec t i onsoft heM8.Thi sex ampl eal s oi l l us t r at eshow c ommuni t ys pac e wi t hi nt he c i t y ’ sCBD;butal s o s a w e l l ma i n t a i n e d p u b l i c s p a c e e n c o u r a g e s s oc i al aes t het i c al l yhel pc ov erup t he Woodal lRodger s t i v i t yi nanot her wi s eunwel c omi ngpedes t r i anz one. Fr eewayi ndownt ownDal l aswhi c hwasor i gi nal l ya ac negat i v eas pec toft heur banl ands c ape.Thi ss pac e pr ov i desac c es st oac t i v i t yandpedes t r i anf r i endl y s pac es i n a pr ev i ous l y i nac c es s i bl e t r af f i c domi nat ed ar ea.The par ki s open dai l yf r om 6am1 1pm ,whi c hal l owst hear eat or et ai nahi gh l ev elofmai nt enanc eandr es pondst ot hel ev elof ac t i v i t ywi t hi nt hi sbus i nes ss pac eatni ghtwhi c hi s v er yl i t t l e.The l ar ge open s pac ei sav ai l abl ef or pr i v at e ac t i v i t i esand pr i v at e ev ent ss uc h asf i l m s c r eeni ngs and c onc er t s( Kl y de War r en Par k , 2015) . I n t er ms of t hi s des i gn s t r at egy bei ng i mpl ement edwi t hi nGl as gowi ti sav al uabl ewayof demons t r at i ng
Mi l l enni um Par k ,Chi c agoI L,USA Mi l l enni um Par kl abel edas‘ t hewor l d’ sl ar ges tr oof t op gar den’ waspr ev i ous l yoc c upi edbyder el i c topens pac e, r ai l wayl i nesandv ar i ousc arpar k i nguni t s .Howev erwas t ot al l yr edes i gnedi n2004andc ur r ent l ys i t sabov eal ar ge c arpar k i ngs pac eandt her ai l wayl i nesf ort heMi l l enni um St at i on.Thepar ki t s el fhasadopt edt heper s onaasawi de s c al ear t i s t i cv enue,c aus edbybot ht hes i z eofeac hoft he pi ec esandt hes pac ei nwhi c ht hepubl i car tar ehel d.Asa r es ul tt hear eai sahuget our i s tandc ommuni t yat t r ac t i on whi c hhashel pedt obr andt hec i t y( Ci t yofChi c ago,2018) . Wi t hr egar dst oGl as gow,Mi l l enni um Par ki sagood ex ampl eofhowt ous es t at ementc i t yl andmar k sand publ i car tast ool wi t hi nr ec r eat i ngac i t i esi mager yand at t r ac t i on.Thi sal s ohi ghl i ght st hei mpor t anc eofl andmar k s wi t hi nac i t y ,i nt er msofbot hpl ac emak i ngandr ec r eat i ng t hepubl i cr eal m;whi c hwasai s s uepr ev i ous l ydi s c us s ed asbei ngpr es entwi t hi nGl as gow.
Fr i edr i c hs hai nDi s t r i c t-Ber l i n,Ger many TheFr i edr i c hs hai ndi s t r i c ti sk nownast hec ul t ur al quar t er i nBer l i n,pac k edwi t hpr i v at eandpubl i c ar tdi s pl ay sands t r eet sf ul l ofbar sandr es t aur ant s .The ar eai sl abel ed‘ t hehomef orc r eat i v i t y ’ ,c el ebr at i ng di f f er entpas s i onsandher i t aget hr oughpubl i cev ent sand f es t i v al s .Thear eai sal s ohos tt os omeofBer l i n’ s l andmar kmus eumss uc has ;t heBer l i ni s c heGal er i e,t he Mar t i nGr opi us Bauar t sv enue,t heJ ewi s hMus eum and t heDeut s c heT ec hni k mus eum ( Ger manMus eum of T ec hnol ogy )( Vi s i tBer l i n,2018) .
RATPPubl i cTr ans por t-Par i sFr anc e Par i shasas uc c es s f ul andwel l dev i s edi nt egr at edpubl i c t r ans por ts y s t em whi c hi st he5t hl ar ges ti nt hewor l d ( RATP,2018) .Theyhav eac t i v el ypr omot edt hedi v er s i t y wi t hi nt hei rdi f f er entf or msofpubl i ct r ans por t at i onandt he c i t yhasal s oenc our agedt heus eofec ot r av el -s uc has wal k i ngor c y c l i ng.Par i sus esi t ’ sex t ens i v et r ans por t at i onnet wor kt o pr omot ei t ’ sc ommi t mentt ot ac k l i ngpol l ut i onandt hec i t y ’ s c ar bonf oot pr i nt .Theeas eofus eandav ai l abi l i t yhasbeen ak eyenc our agerwi t hi nPar i s ’ ss oc i et yt ooptf ort heus eof publ i ct r ans por tov erpr i v at e.Ani nt egr at edt r ans por t s y s t em i fi mpl ement edwi t hi nGl as gowwoul dal l owf or gr eat ereas eofc onnec t i v i t ywi t hi nt hec i t y .Thi swoul d enc our aget hos ewi t hi nGl as gowt or el ymor eonpubl i c t r ans por t at i onmet hodsov erpr i v at er oadt r ans por t .Asa r es ul tt hec i t ywoul dbet ac k l i ngt hei rowns us t ai nabi l i t yand env i r onment al i ni t i at i v eswhi l eeas i ngt heheav y c onnec t i onpr es entt hr oughoutt hec i t yc ent r e;f r eei ng ar easf orex t endedpedes t r i ans pac es .
Ca s eS t udi es
Oppor t uni t i es I nt egr at edPubl i cT r ans por tSys t em WHAT Us i ngmul t i pl emodesof publ i ct r a ns por ta r oundt hec i t yi sea s y , onec a r da l l owsy out ohoponabus orgetont ot hes ubwa y , ev engoi ngf orac y c l ei ss t r a i ghtf or wa r d, a l l y ouha v et odoi ss howors wi pe y ourc a r dt oa c c es sa l mos ta l l f or msoft r a ns por t .Us i ngpubl i ct r a ns por ti sea s i era ndc hea pert ha n dr i v i ngbec a us ei t ’ ss of r equenta ndr el i a bl e .I t ’ sea s yt owor koutwher ey ou’ r egoi nga nd ndout e x a c t l yhow l ongi twi l lt a k et ogett her eus i ngGoogl eMa ps ,whi c ha l s os howsl i v et i mes ,s oy ou k nowi ft her e ’ sadel a y .
HOW Cur r ent l yGl a s gow’ spubl i ct r a ns por ts y s t em i sf r a c t ur eda nde x pens i v et ous e , det er r i ngpeopl ef r om us i ngi t .T hi sc a nber emedi edbyc r ea t i ngac ompa nyt ha toper a t esa l l f or msoft r a ns por t , ora tl ea s t pr ov i deawa yi nwhi c ha l lt het r a ns por ts er v i c esi nc er t a i nz onesc a nbea c c es s edt hr oughone c ompa nya ndonec a r d.Ca r dss houl dbes i mpl et ous ea ndea s yt oa c t i v a t ea nds er v i c ess houl dbe f r equent .T ea mi ngupt hei nt egr a t edt r a ns por ts y s t em wi t hGoogl ewoul dma k ei tpos s i bl ef orr out es a ndt r a v elt i mest obedet er mi nedea s i l ya ndpr ov i del i v ej our neya ndduet i mess t r a i ghtt ot he t r a v el l er ’ sphone .
WHO
WHEN Wi t hi n5y ea r s( 20192024) 20182028
Oppor t uni t i es Rei ns t at eCi t yUni onLi ne+Gl as gowCr os sSt at i on WHAT Gl a s gowCr os si sonc ea ga i nama j ora c t i v i t yhot s poti nGl a s gow’ sc i t yc ent r e . T het r a ns f or ma t i onof t heMer c a tBui l di ng, l oc a t eda tt hemeet i ngof Hi ghS t r eeta ndT r onga t e , i nt oadua l l ev el t r a i ns t a t i on ha sma det hea r eadi r ec t l ya c c es s i bl ev i ar a i l . T hea ddi t i onof t heGl a s gowCr os sl owerl ev el s t a t i onon t heAr gy l eL i nea ndt her eopeni ngoft heCi t yUni onl i nepr ov i desea s ya ndf a s tl i nk st oa ndf r om a l l c or ner sofGl a s gow.T hel oc a t i onha sev ol v edi nt oapr i mer es i dent i a la r eawi t hv er ydes i r a bl e c onnec t i v i t y , a ndi nc r ea s edf oot f a l l t ot hea r eaha sr ej uv ena t edt hel oc a l ec onomy .
HOW Wi t ht hema j or i t yoft hel owerl ev el c ur r ent l yoc c upi edbyaf ur ni t ur es t or e , a c qui r i ngf ul l owner s hi p of t hebui l di ngs houl dbeapr i or i t y . T hedev el opmentof t hea r eawi l l t a k epl a c eov era( 5) y ea rper i od wi t hupgr a desbei ngma det ot hee x i s t i ngr a i l i nf r a s t r uc t ur et oa c c ommoda t epa s s enger sa bov ea nd bel owgr ound.
WHO
WHEN 10y ea r s 20202030
Oppor t uni t i es F ul l yConnec t edCyc l eNet wor k WHAT Cy c l i ngi spr oba bl yt hequi c k es twa yt ogeta r oundt hec i t y , wi t ht hec l ea r l yma r k edc y c l el a nesa nd i ndi v i dua l t r a fficl i ght si t ’ se x t r emel ys a f ea ndenj oy a bl e .Y ouc a nc y c l ef r omones i deof t hec i t yt ot he ot herf a s t ert ha ndr i v i nga ndc a ngowher ec a r sc a n’ t .T her ea r ef a rl es sc a r sont her oa d, nowt ha ta f ul l yf unc t i oni ngc y c l ei nf r a s t r uc t ur eha sbeeni nt r oduc ed, wi t hs t a t i s t i c ss howi ngt ha tt hepeopl eof Gl a s gow a r eal otha ppi era ndhea l t hi ert ha nwhent hec i t ywa sc l oggedupwi t hv ehi c l es ,nott o ment i ont hea mountofmoneypeopl ea r es a v i ngbyc y c l i ngi ns t ea dofdr i v i ng.
HOW Vehi c l esa r ec ompl et el ypr i or i t i s edov erpedes t r i a nsa ndc y c l i s t si nGl a s gow,i t ’ sdi ffic ul tt oc y c l e a r ounda ndi t ’ suns a f ewi t ht hei r r es pons i bl edr i v i ngbeha v i our .Cl ea r l yma r k edbi c y c l el a ness houl d bei mpl ement eda l onga r t er i a ls t r eet s ,t hi swoul dnotonl ypr ov i deac l ea ra r eades i gna t edonl yt o c y c l ei n,butna r r ow e x i s t i ngv ehi c l el a nest oo.Ma k i ngt hec y c l ei nf r a s t r uc t ur ea sea s yt ous ea s pos s i bl ewoul di mpr ov et hel i k el i hoodt ha tc y c l i ngwoul dbeav i a bl eopt i onf ort r a ns por tf ormos t peopl e , t hi sc a nbedonebypr ov i di ngbi c y c l et r a fficl i ght s , pa i nt eds t r eeta r r owsa ndi ns t a l l i ngbi c y c l e pa r k i ngf a c i l i t i est hr oughoutt hec i t y .
WHO
WHEN 4y ea r s 20182022
Oppor t uni t i es I mpr oveConnec t i vi t y+Per meabi l i t y WHAT Get t i ngt oa ndf r om t hec i t yi sv er ydi r ec t ,r oa dsf r om Gl a s gow t os ur r oundi ngdi s t r i c t sa ndev en t hr ought hec i t ya r es t r a i ghtf or wa r dt ona v i ga t e .T ownhea di snow at hr i v i ngpa r toft hec i t y’ s E duc a t i onQua r t era ndt her es i dent i a les t a t ei nCa l t onha sbeenr euni t edt ot hewi derc ommuni t y . Wher eonc eCol l egel a ndsl a ymos t l yv a c a nt , i snowr i c hwi t hdi v er s i t ya ndc ul t ur e , i ti sapl a c et ogo, nott obepa s s edt hr ough.
HOW Ca l t ona ndT ownhea da r ec ompl et el ys egr ega t edf r om Gl a s gow a ndot herdi s t r i c t s ,whi c hha s r es ul t edi ns oc i oec onomi cpr obl ems .Remov i ngt hes ebor der swoul dr ec onnec tt hes ec ommuni t i es t ot heout s i dewor l d.T hi sc a nbedonebyi mpl ement i ngr oa dst ot hes out ha ndwes tof T ownhea d, r ec onnec t i ngt hees t a t et ot hec i t yc ent r et ha t ’ si nc l os epr ox i mi t y .Ca l t onneedst oha v enumer ous s t r eet sc onnec t i ngt ot hes ur r oundi nga r t er i a l r oa dst oi nc r ea s et heoppor t uni t yf orpeopl et ot r a v el i na ndoutoft henei ghbour hood.Col l egel a ndsf ounda t i onsf orawel l k ni tur ba nf a br i cc a nbe pr ov i dedbypr ov i di ngs uffic i entnor t h/ s out hc onnec t i v i t y .
WHO
WHEN 68y ea r s 20182024
Oppor t uni t i es Wal ki ngaboutt heCi t y WHAT Wa l k i nga boutt hei nnerc i t yy ouc a ns eepeopl es oc i a l i s i nga st hey’ r egoi nga boutt hei rda y , hea di ng t owor kor wa l k i ngt ot hes hop.T her ei smuc hmor er oomf or s oc i a l i nt er a c t i onwi t hwi der pa v ement s a ndr educ edv ehi c l et r a ffic , peopl ec a nc r os st hes t r eet sf r eel y , r a r el yus i ngt hec r os s i ngspr ov i deda t j unc t i ons .Pa r ent sa r emuc hmor ec omf or t a bl et ol ett hei rc hi l dr enwa l kf r eel ya ndbus i nes s esi na nd a r oundt hec i t yha v ebenet t edgr ea t l yf r om t heea s eofbei nga bl et owa l kt opl a c es .I t ’ sc er t a i nl y ma det hec i t ymor ev i br a ntwi t hpeopl ec ha t t i ngr a t hert ha ns i t t i ngi nt r a fficwi t ht hei rha ndont hei r hor n.
HOW Cur r ent l yi na nda r oundGl a s gowwa l k i ngi sdi ffic ul ta nduns a f e .Ma nyna r r owpa v ement sa ndwi de r oa dsma k ei ti nt i mi da t i ngt obeapedes t r i a n, whi l ei t ’ si nf ur i a t i ngwa i t i nga net er ni t yt os i mpl yc r os s t hes t r eet .T hi sc a nbec omba t t edbywi deni ngpa v ement sa ndna r r owi ngr oa ds ,whi c hwoul d dec r ea s ev ehi c l epr i or i t ya nda l l owr oom f orpedes t r i a nst omov emor ef r eel y .Dec r ea s i ngt het i me bet weenwhenpedes t r i a nsc a nc r os st hes t r eetwoul dgr ea t l yi n uenc et hea mountofpeopl e wa l k i ngt hr ought hec i t y ,ma k i ngt hei rwa l kmuc hea s i er .S ha r eds pa c esi nl oc a ls t r eet swoul d i mpr ov et hec onnec t i v i t yofones i deoft hes t r eett ot heot her ,i mpr ov i ngt hepot ent i a lofs oc i a l i nt er a c t i ons .
WHO
WHEN 25y ea r s 20182021
Oppor t uni t i es I mpl ement i ng+Connec t i ngnodes WHAT Nodesa ndnei ghbour hoodsa r ec l ea r l yuni quei ni dent i t y ,t heya r et hei rowni ndi v i dua la r eaa nd s pa c e , r epr es ent i ngt hepeopl et ha tl i v ewi t hi n.T hes enei ghbour hoodsa r el oc a t edi nc l os epr ox i mi t y wi t hea c hot her ,pr ov i di ngea s ya c c es sf r om onet oa not hera nda ppea rt oa dequa t el ys er v i c et he r es i dent si nbet ween.
HOW F r equenc yofnodesa ndt hei rc onnec t i v i t ya r ev er ypoori nCa l t on/ Col l egel a nds ,t hi snotonl y r epr es ent st hedi s c onnec t i onofe x i s t i ngr es i dent i a l nei ghbour hoods , buta l s oel a bor a t est hel a c kof a c c es s i bl ea meni t i es f ordwel l er s . I mpr ov i ng t he numberofc l us t er s off a c i l i t i es a r ound Ca l t on/ Col l egel a ndswoul da c c ommoda t et heneedsoft hel oc a lc ommuni t y , whi l ebr i dgi ngc l ea r l y bet weent hes enodeswoul da l l ows oc i a l a ndec onomi cdi v er s i t yt opr os per .Cur r ent l y , Denni s t ouni s di r ec t l yc onnec t edt oHi ghS t r eetv i aDuk eS t r eet ,t hought her ei sl i t t l ea c t i v i t yi nbet ween.T hi s br i dgeneedst obedens iedwi t hf a c i l i t i es , a c t i v i t i esa nds ur r oundi ngr es i dent i a l bui l di ngs , c r ea t i ng a nel onga t ednode .
WHO
WHEN 5y ea r s 20192024
Oppor t uni t i es CoverCol l egel andsRai l Li ne WHAT I nwha twa spr ev i ous l yadea dz onea ndphy s i c a lba r r i erbet weenDuk eS t r eeta ndt heBa r r a s ,t he newl yc r ea t edopens pa c e , whi c hc ov er st heHi ghS t r eetr a i l l i ne , offer st hepubl i ca ndv i s i t or sapl a c e t ha ti sawel c omi ng, a ndoffer ss pa c esf orar a ngeof a c t i v i t i es . T hi snewl yunl oc k edl a ndha si nc r ea s ed t heper mea bi l i t yoft hea r ea , offer i nga na l t er na t egr eeneropt i onf ora ny onel ook i ngs pendt i meor pa s st hr ough.
HOW Duet ot hec ompl e x i t yoft heoper a t i ont her ewoul dneedt obei nv ol v ementf r om a l l s t a k ehol der si n t hea r eat oa l l owt hec ons t r uc t i onof t heel ev a t edopens pa c et onotbedet r i ment a l t ol oc a l r es i dent s . Bui l di ngt hes pa c ea bov et her a i l l i newi l l a l l owi t soper a t i ont oc ont i nuewi t houtf a ul t , whi l ema k i ng us eof c ur r ent l yunus edl a nd, t hei nt r oduc t i onof mor egr eens pa c esa ndawel l des i gnedpubl i cr ea l m wi l l c ont r i but et owa r dsenha nc i ngt hei dent i t ya ndf eel i ngofs a f et yi nt hea r ea .
WHO
WHEN 4y ea r s 20202024
Oppor t uni t i es Dens i f y WHAT Gl a s gow’ ss hor ts t r eet smea nt her ei ss omuc hv a r i et ywi t hi nas hor tdi s t a nc e , c or ner sa r ef r equent , a nda r oundev er yoneoft hem t her e ’ ss omet hi ngnewa ndi nt er es t i ng.Bui l di ngsa r et a l l enought o pr ov i deahea l t hyv a r i et yofpeopl e ,buts hor tenought ha tev er y onek nowsea c hot her , T heJ eel y Pi ec eS ongs eemst oha v er ubbedoffonT ownhea dwi t ht hedemol i t i onoft hehi ghr i s ea t s .T her e i sa l wa y ss omeonedoi ngs omet hi ng, whi c hma k eswa l k i ngt hr ought hes et y pesofnei ghbour hoods f eel s a f ea st her ea r ea l wa y speopl ea r ound.
HOW Att hemomentt her ei sr el a t i v el yhi ghdens i t yi nT ownhea d, bute x t r emel yl owgr oundc ov er a ge , t hi s i sa r gua bl yt hewor s tt y peofdens i t ya shi ghr i s ea pa r t ment sdi s c onnec tt hei rdwel l er sf r om a ny c ommuni t ybel ow.Bui l di ngl a ndc ov er a ges houl da i mt obea tl ea s t60% t ogi v et hec ha nc eofa c ommuni t yt of or m.Bui l di ngss houl dnotbeov erf ours t or i esf orr es i dent i a lus e ,a sa r guedby Al e x a nder( 1977)a t34s t or i espeopl ec a ns t i l l f eel apa r toft hes t r eets c enebel ow, t hes t r eetc a nbe s eeni ndet a i la ndt hedwel l er sf eelc onnec t edt ot hes ur r oundi ngc ommuni t y .T hi sa l s or a i s est he a dv i c et ha ts t r eet ss houl dnotbes owi de , t ha tr es i dent sf eel s oc i a l l ydi s c onnec t edf r om ones i deof t hes t r eett ot heot her .
WHO
WHEN
Oppor t uni t i es Di s per s al andI nt egr at i onofUni ver s i t i eswi t honeanot herandt hePubl i c WHAT Duet ot hei nc r ea s ei nv i r t ua l / r emot el ea r ni ngt heUni v er s i t yof S t r a t hc l y dea ndGl a s gowCa l edoni a n Uni v er s i t ymer ged i nt hey ea r2030.T hec ol l a bor a t i on bet ween t het wo uni v er s i t i esa l l owed depa r t ment st oa dv a nc ea ta na c c el er a t edr a t e ,ena bl i ngmor eoft heGl a s gow publ i ct oga i n empl oy ments k i l l sa nda bi l i t i es . T ownhea dha sev ol v edt obec omeadens ert hr i v i nghous i nges t a t e wi t hmi x edus edev el opment swi t ha c t i v ef r ont a gesont henew publ i cpa t hwa ybet weent he uni v er s i t i es . T her ea r epl a c esf ors t udent sa ndt hepubl i ct ous ea sa ggr ega t i ona nds t udypoi nt s , wi t h di gi t a l i nf r a s t r uc t ur ei npl a c ea nda na c t i v et r a v el net wor kt ha tl i nk st ot hewi dernet wor koft hec i t y c ent r e .T hi ss el f s us t a i ni ngc ommuni t ynow benet sf r om t hepr es enc eoft heeduc a t i ons ec t or r a t hert ha nbei ngov ers ha dowedbyi t . T henewl yopenede x hi bi t i ona ndmus eum a ti nS t r a t hc l y de Uni v er s i t yha spr ov i dedt hepubl i car ea s ont ogeti nv ol v eda ndunder s t a ndt hegoi ngsonoft he uni v er s i t y .T hewor koft hedi er entdepa r t ment si sdi s pl a y edonr ot a t i ona l l owi ngr ea s onsf or r et ur ni ng, a ndamus eum c el ebr a t i ngt hepr oduc t sa nds t udent sofS t r a t hc l y dea ndt hei ri mpa c ton t hewor l d.
HOW T hemer gi ngoft heuni v er s i t yc a mpus esa ndc r ea t i onofapa t hwa yt ha tj oi nst het wo,whi l ea l s o i nt r oduc i ngnews hops , s er v i c esa ndhous i nga l ongt hea v enuewi l l c ont r i but et odens ic a t i onof t he T ownhea da r ea . T heuni v er s i t ya l r ea dyha sa ne x t ens i v epa s tt ha ti ss hownbyt henumberof bui l di ngs na meda f t era l umni , bydedi c a t i ngas pa c et ot hem i twi l l oeranewt our i s ta t t r a c t i ona ndi nc r ea s e per mea bi l i t yoft heuni v er s i t ybynons t udent s .
WHO
WHEN 1015y ea r s 20302040
Oppor t uni t i es Bar r as , Bar r owl ands+Gl as gowGr een WHAT OnaS a t ur da yev er ys t a l l i nt heBa r r a si st a k enup, s omet i mesev enbyt woort hr eepeopl e .T her ea r e c l ot hesf ors a l e , f ur ni t ur e , a nt i ques , buta l s odi ffer entf oodsf r om a l lov ert hewor l d.L oc a lf a mi l i es c omet os el l f ur ni t ur ea ndc l ot hes , whi l es t udent sa ndy oungwor k i ngpr of es s i ona l sc omet obr ows e t hr oughc l ot hesa ndbuya ppl i a nc esf ort hei ra pa r t ment s .Dur i ngt hes ummert hema r k ets pi l l sout ont ot hepa r k , wher ebyha bi tev er y onega t her sa ta r ound3pmi nt hes ummerf ork a r a ok e , ga t her i ng c r owdsofupt ohundr edsofpeopl e .Peopl ebuyt i c k et saweeki na dv a nc et ogeti nt oBa r r owl a nd a f t ert heBa r r a ss hut sf ort heda y , i t ’ st hepl a c et obei nGl a s gowi nt heev eni ng, r ega r dl es sofwha t ev ent ’ son.
HOW T heBa r r a s , Ba r r owl a nda ndGl a s gowGr eenha v eenor moushi s t or ya nds i gnic a nc ei nt heea s tof t he c i t y .T hes ea r ea sa r egr ea tc ommuni t yf a c i l i t i es ,buta tt hemomentt her ei snoc ommuni t yf ort he f a c i l i t i es .T hr ought her es i dent i a l dens ic a t i onofCol l egel a ndsa ndr ec onnec t i onofCa l t ont owi der s oc i et y , t hes ef a bul ousa meni t i eswi l l pr os per , es pec i a l l ywi t hay oungdemogr a phi cl i v i ngc l os eby . AsT heBa r r a sa ndBa r r owl a nds t a ndc ur r ent l y ,t heyneeds omema i nt ena nc e ,buta t t r a c t i ngus er s c omeswi t hi mpr ov i ngt hei mmedi a t es ur r oundi ngs , a st hema r k eta ndv enuesbec omespopul a rwi t h l oc a l s , i twi l l t hena t t r a c tpeopl ef r om f ur t herdi s t r i c t s .
WHO
WHEN 46y ea r s 20222027
Oppor t uni t i es St r eet s c ape WHAT S t r eet sa r ef ul l ofpeopl e , pa v ement sa r egener ousa ndpr ov i der oom f orl oc a l s hops , c a f esa ndl oc a l c ol l egea nduni v er s i t ybui l di ngst os pi l l outi nt ot hes t r eet .T her ei sas t r ongmi xofwel l ma i nt a i ned ol derbui l di ngs ,br us hi ngs houl der swi t hmoder na r c hi t ec t ur e ,t hes ebui l di ngsa r eoc c upi edbya v a r i et yofpeopl ef r om di ffer entwa l k sofl i f e .Cy c l i s t spa s sf r eel y ,whi l ec a r st r a v elt hr ought he nei ghbour hoods l owl y ,pa r k i ngont hes t r eets i desc r ea t i ngaba r r i ert owa r dsa nyt r a ffic .Humbl e t r eesl i net hes t r eet ss pa r i ngl ya tei t hers i de , c ompl ement i ngt hequa i ntS UDSbel ow.
HOW Gl a s gow’ sc ur r ents t r eet sa r epa r t i c ul a r l yuni nv i t i ngf orpedes t r i a ns , peopl ea r en’ ti nt hes t r eet sunl es s t heyha v et obe .I mpr ov i ngt heenv i r onmentofs t r eet swi l lenc our a gepeopl et ogoout s i dea nd i nt er a c twi t hot her s , t hi si neffec twoul dbenets ec onda r ya c t i v i t i esgr ea t l y , s uc ha sba r s , c a f esa nd r es t a ur a nt s ,buta l s oenc our a gepeopl et ous el oc a ls er v i c esa ndf a c i l i t i es . Gr ound oors t r eet f r ont a gess houl dc ons i s tofuni t spr ov i di ngaf a c i l i t y ,ac ommonpl a c ef orpeopl et oga t hera nd enc ount ermeni a l t a s k s .F ort hi sr ea s on, a l s o, bl a nkf a c a dess houl dbea v oi deda st heydec r ea s et he l i k el i hoodofa c t i v i t i est ooc c ur .Gr eener ys houl dbei mpl ement edt oo, t hi sdoesnotonl yhel pwi t h dr a i na ge , butha sapos i t i v ei mpa c tonpeopl e ’ sment a l hea l t h.
WHO
WHEN Cont i nuous( t hr oughout ) 20182040
Oppor t uni t i es Hi s t or i cMi l e WHAT I n2018ma nyof Gl a s gow’ shi s t or i c a l l a ndma r k sa ndpoi nt sof i nt er es tha dbeenl ef ts t r a ndedi nas ea ofv a c a nta ndder el i c tbui l di ngs . T oda yt heCa t hedr a lPr ec i nc ta ndGl a s gow Gr eena c ta sa nc hor poi nt sont heHi s t or i cMi l e( pot ent i a lot herna me)a l ongHi ghS t r eet ,t heupgr a dest ot hepubl i c r ea l ma ndt her es t or a t i onofe x i s t i ngher i t a gea s s et sha sr ev i t a l i s edt hea r ea .New dev el opment s c ompl i mentt hea r c hi t ec t ur ea ndi nt egr a t edpubl i cwa l k wa y sa l l owst hehi s t or yoft hea r eat o e x per i enc ei nama nner wher et her ei snof ea r of t hev ehi c l edomi na ntenv i r onmentt ha tonc ee x i s t ed her e .T hegooda ndba ds i desofGl a s gow’ shi s t or yc a nbeov er hea r df r om wa l k i ngt ourgui des , educ a t i ngt hel oc a l sa ndv i s i t or sonHi ghS t r eet sc a pt i v a t i ngev ol ut i on.
HOW Hi ghS t r eeta ndt hes t udya r eaa l r ea dyha v ea na bunda nc eofi mpor t a nta s s et s , t her ei sc ur r ent l yno c onnec t i v i t yorc l ea rpa t hbet weent hem. T her ei sc ur r ent l ynor ea l i ndi c a t i onof i mpa c tt hehi s t or yof t hes t r eetha donGl a s gow’ sgr owt h,byma k i ngus eoft hi st her ei sa noppor t uni t yf ori nc r ea s ed f oot f a l l t hr ought our i s ma ndc r ea t i ngpubl i cs pa c esi nt hev i c i ni t yof t hes epoi nt sof i nt er es t . Br i ngi ng ba c ki dent i t yt ot hea r ea .
WHO
WHEN 35y ea r s 20202022
Oppor t uni t i es Cr eat i veQuar t er WHAT T hei nc r ea s ed t r a ns por tc onnec t i v i t yoft hea r eaa nd dr i v et owa r dsena bl i ng i nnov a t i on a nd c r ea t i v i t yha ss eent her ev i v a l of t heE a s tof t hec i t yc ent r e . T henewl yopenedCha nnel 4Cr ea t i v eHub i st hef oc a l poi nti nt hec r ea t i v edi s t r i c t , t heener gygener a t i onpl a nti nt egr a t edi nt ot hehubpr ov i des i t s el f , a ndt hes ur r oundi ngwor k s pa c esa nds hopswi t hgr eenener gy . T hepa r t ner s hi pbet weent he Uni v er s i t yofS t r a t hc l y de ,Cha nnel4,a ndot herl oc a lc r ea t i v ea nddi gi t a lbus i nes s esha sl edt oa t hr i v i ngc ommuni t ywher ec ol l a bor a t i oni senc our a ged. T hee x c i t ementa nda c t i v i t yi nt hea r eaha s c a ughtt hea t t ent i onoft hepubl i c ,t hedi s t r i c tha sbec omeal i v i nge x hi bi t i onwher ea r t i s t sa nd bus i nes s esc a ns howc a s et hei rwor k , a ndt her es t a ur a nt s , ba r sa nds hopswhi c hs er v et hea r eaa r e enj oy edbya l l .
HOW Cha nnel 4ha sc on r medi t sc hoi c et oopenanewc r ea t i v ehubi nGl a s gow, byc onv ey i ngt hev i s i on putf or wa r di nt hi ss t r a t egygui dea ndt hepot ent i a lt hea r eaha si nt er msofphy s i c a la nddi gi t a l c onnec t i v i t yt ohous es uc ha nor ga ni s a t i ons ec ur i ngt hel oc a t i oni nt heE a s toft hec i t yc ent r ewi l l c ementt hehopesofe x pa ndi ngt hec i t yc ent r ea ndr ev i t a l i s i ngt hel oc a l ec onomy . T hepr ox i mi t yt o t hei nnov a t i ona ndl ea r ni ngdi s t r i c ti ss omet hi ngt ha ts houl dbee x pl oi t ed, a l l owi ngt hea l l i a nc eof ea c hi ndi v i dua l s t a k ehol dert opr oduc ebenec i a l out c omesf ort hel oc a l a r eaa ndS c ot l a nds oc i a l l y , ec onomi c a l l ya ndenv i r onment a l l y .
WHO
WHEN 15y ea r s 20212036
Oppor t uni t i es SUDS/ Dr ai nage WHAT Ast hec l i ma t ec ha nged ov ert hey ea r st he oodr i s k spos ed byi nc r ea s ed pr ec i pi t a t i on wa s c omba t t edbyt hei nt el l i gentpl a nni ng, a ndi mpl ement a t i onof anumberof mi t i ga t i onmet hods . T he a ddi t i onof s ev er a l newpubl i copens pa c es , a nda ne x t endedgr eennet wor ki nGl a s gow’ sc i t yc ent r e r educ edt heoc c ur r enc eofs ur f a c ewa t er oodi ng, byi nt er c ept i ona ndr et ent i onoft hewa t eri nt he gr ound.T hi sr el i ev ed t hes t r es son Gl a s gow’ sdr a i na ges y s t em i nt hei ni t i a ly ea r swhi l et he Met r opol i t a nGl a s gowS t r a t egi cDr a i na gePa r t ner s hi pe x pa ndedGl a s gow’ sdr a i na gei nf r a s t r uc t ur e c a pa c i t y .T hea r eanow ha sac a pa bl edr a i na ges y s t em,ar a ngeofdi ffer ents of tengi neer i ng mi t i ga t i onmet hods , a nda l t er i ngs y s t em i npl a c et ha tr emov espol l ut a nt spi c k edupbyr a i nwa t er bef or eent er i ngt hes ur r oundi ngwa t er wa y s .
HOW Byma k i ngi tma nda t or yf ordev el opment st oi mpl ementS UDsa ndot hermi t i ga t i onmet hodst he f ut ur eoft hes t udya r eawi l l bea bl et oha ndl et hei nc r ea s eds ev er i t yofwea t hert ha ti spr edi c t ed. E duc a t i ngt hepubl i cont hebenet sofgr een/ s of tengi neer i ngmet hodsa ndpr oduc i ng‘ nov elor i nnov a t i v e ’ met hodsofoodmi t i ga t i onwi l l c ont r i but et owa r dsc ha ngi ngt hea t t i t udet owa r dsr a i ni n t hec i t y .( Communi t yga r dens ,c a npr oduc ef ood,a c ta swa t err et ent i on,s ens eofc ommuni t ya nd s oc i a l i nt er a c t i on)
WHO
WHEN Mi ni mum 2y ea r s( Cons t a nt ) 20182050
Oppor t uni t i es Pr operMai nt enanc e WHAT Ona nygi v enS a t ur da yy ouc a ns eet he( v ol unt eer sorf undeds er v i c e?Bot h? )Pa t r ol l i ngt hes t udy a r ea , t hei ra i mi snott opes t ert hepubl i cbutt owor kwi t ht hem t oc ons er v ea ndma i nt a i nt hes t r eet s a ndbui l di ngst ha twer eonc es c a r r edwi t hpol l ut a nt sa ndunpl ea s a ntgr eener y . T hebui l di ngsnow r es t or edt ot hei ror i gi na l gl or yha v et hei rpl a c ea ga i nonHi ghS t r eet , s t udent sa ndt heel der l yc a nbe s eenr el a x i ngi nwel l ma i nt a i nedpubl i cs pa c est a k i ngpi c t ur esa nds k et c hi ngt hes c ener ywhi c hha s beengi v enanewl ea s eofl i f e .
HOW Nondes t r uc t i v e/ da ma gi ngmet hodsof c l ea ni ngt hes a nds t onea ndbui l di ngf ea t ur ess houl dbeus ed t obr i ngba c kl i f et of or got t en/ hi ddena r c hi t ec t ur e . Rev i ewi ngt hedet er i or a t i ngbui l di ngsa nds i t esi n t hes t udya r eawi l l a l l owt her epa i ra ndma i nt ena nc et obet a r get ed, br i ngi ngba c kt hebea ut yoft he e x i s t i ngbui l tf or m.Publ i cs pa c ess houl dpr ov i des us t a i na bl ewa s t eopt i onsa ndenc our a gepubl i c pa r t i c i pa t i oni nt her educ t i onofl i t t er .
WHO
WHEN 12Y ea r si ni t i a l l yt henc ons t a nt 20182040
Oppor t uni t i es S T AKE HOL DE RS
Gl as gowHous i ngAs s oc i at i on S c ot l a nd’ sl a r ges ts oc i a ll a ndl or d,wi t h abi l l i on pound i nv es t ment f oc us t owa r ds c r ea t i ng c ommuni t ya nd r es i dent i a li nf r a s t r uc t ur e .A k ey s t r a t egy f oc us ofGHA i s pr ov i di ng a ffor da bl e homesf orGl a s gow’ spopul a t i on;wi t hagoa lof c r ea t i ng a gr eener ,s a f er a nd c l ea ner ur ba n env i r onment .
Peopl eMakeGl as gow An a wa r d wi nni ng c i t y br a ndi ng s t r a t egy i mpl ement edbyGl a s gowL i f eonbeha l f of Gl a s gow Ci t yCounc i l .Apr i ma r yf oc usonpr ov i di ngs por t , c ul t ur ea ndl ea r ni ngoppor t uni t i eswi t hi nt hec i t y t obot hl oc a l sa ndv i s i t or s . Whi l et a k i ngma na gi ng r es pons i bi l i t yf ors ome oft he c i t y’ smos thi gh pr ol ec ul t ur a lhot s pot s :Kel v i ngr ov eAr tGa l l er y a ndMus eum;t heRi v er s i deMus eum;Kel v i nHa l l ; a ndt heBur r el l Col l ec t i ons .
Bal f ourBeat t i e A UK ba s ed c ons t r uc t i on c ompa nyk nown a s bei ng a l ea di ng c ompet i t or i ni nt er na t i ona l i nf r a s t r uc t ur e dev el opment . Rec ogni s ed a s t r a ns f or mi ngt hebui l tenv i r onmentwi t hf or wa r d t hi nk i ng s t r a t egi es a nd t ec hnol ogy .
Gl as gowCal edoni anUni ver s i t y GCUi sf oc us s edondel i v er i ngpr ogr a mst ha twi l l hel pbot hl oc a l a ndgl oba l s oc i et i es . T her ei sal a r ge hea l t hc a r ef oc us , a st hel a r ges tpr ov i derofnur s i ng a nd mi dwi f er y educ a t i on;whi l ec a r r y i ng out wor l dr enowned r es ea r c h.GCU a l s oha v egl oba l pa r t ner s hi psi nChi na ,I ndi a ,S out hAmer i c aa nd Oma n.
Uni ver s i t yofSt r at hc l yde S t r a t hc l y def oundedi n1796i sk nownf ori t ’ sr i c h hi s t or yof t ea c hi nga ndi nnov a t i on. Wi t hi t ’ swor l d wi depos i t i v er eput a t i ona t t r a c t i ngs t udent sa nd s t a fff r oma l l ov ert hewor l dt oGl a s gow. T hei rnew T ec hnol ogya ndI nnov a t i onCent r ewa sf or meda s a wa yt o r epr ogr a m t he wa y bus i nes s es c ol l a bor a t ea ndpr ef or mt oget her .
BAaD Ba r r a sAr ta ndDes i gni sac r ea t i v es pa c el oc a t edi n t hec i t yc ent r esE a s tE nd.T hi ss oc i a ls pa c ewa s c r ea t ed t o br i ng l i f e ba c kt o af or ma l l y bus y env i r onmenta ndenc our a gei nt er a c t i onwi t hi nt he week endv i nt a gema r k et .BAa dhos t sav a r i et yof c ul t ur a la nds oc i a lev ent ss uc ha sc onc er t sa nda r t e x hi bi t i ons .
Sc ot t i s hNat i onal Her i t ageT r us t T hi sc ons er v a t i on c ha r i t yi sS c ot l a nd’ sl a r ges t memberor ga ni s a t i on, f oc us s edonpr es er v i ngt he c ount r i esna t ur a l , bui l ta ndc ul t ur a l her i t a ge .
Vi s i tSc ot l and AsS c ot l a nd’ sna t i ona lt our i s tboa r d, Vi s i tS c ot l a nd wor kc l os el ywi t hpubl i ca ut hor i t i esa ndbus i nes s es t opr omot ea nd ma r k etS c ot l a nd a sades i r a bl e t our i s tl oc a t i on.A k ey obj ec t i v ei st o wor k a l ongs i de c i t i es c r ea t i ng a nd pr omot i ng a s uc c es s f ul a t t r a c t i on.
Oppor t uni t i es S T AKE HOL DE RS
Channel 4 Cha nnel 4apubl i c l yownedt el ev i s i onbr oa dc a s t er , whor ec ent l ya nnounc edt heGl a s gow wi l lbet he homet ot hei rnewc r ea t i v ehub.
Sc ot t i s hEnt er pr i s e S c ot t i s hE nt er pr i s ei sa nec onomi cdev el opment body wi t hi nt he S c ot t i s h Gov er nment .Wor k i ng c l os el ywi t h publ i ca nd pr i v a t eor ga ni s a t i onst o i dent i f yoppor t uni t i est opr omot ea nddev el opf or t hebenetoft heS c ot t i s hec onomy .
SEPA T heS c ot t i s hE nv i r onment a lPr ot ec t i on Agenc y ( S E P A)pr ot ec t sS c ot l a nd' senv i r onmentt hr ough c l os el ymoni t or edr egul a t i ona ndpol i c yc ont r ol . Wi t hak eyf oc usonenv i r onment a la ndhuma n hea l t h,t hr ought heus eofs us t a i na bl er es our c es a nds er v i c es .
SPT T he S t r a t hc l y de Pa r t ner s hi p f or T r a ns por ti s S c ot l a nd’ sl a r ges tr egi ona lt r a ns por tpa r t ner s ,i n c ha r ge ofGl a s gow’ ss ubwa ya nd s pec i a l i s tbus s er v i c es .
Sc ot r ai l T he na t i ona lt r a i nc ompa ny wi t hi nS c ot l a nd, owner of t he phy s i c a lt r a i nc a r r i a ges a nd i nf r a s t r uc t ur e
Fi r s t Bus Asone oft he UK’ sl a r ges tbusoper a t or st hei r c ompa ny mot t o r ev ol v es a r ound c onnec t i ng c ommuni t i esa ndhel pi ngt oc r ea t ev i br a ntl oc a l ec onomi es .
Next Bi ke As t he wor l d’ s mos te x t ens i v e bi k es ha r i ng pr ov i dert heyha v eov er150s ha r i ng s c hemes , s pr ea dov er25c ount r i es . T hei rc ompa nygoa l i st o pr ov i det op oft her a ngebi k et ec hnol ogy ,t o enc our a get hi ss us t a i na bl ea ndenv i r onment a l l y f or m oft r a ns por t a t i on.
Gl as gowCi t yCounc i l As S c ot l a nd’ sl a r ges tgov er ni ng a ut hor i t ya nd Gl a s gow’ spr i nc i pa l pr ov i der , GCCi sr es pons i bl ef or s ha pi ngt hec i t y ;c r ea t i ngas us t a i na bl e ,r es i l i ent a ndpr ogr es s i v ec i t y . T hei rr ec entpol i c yi ni t i a t i v es f oc usonGl a s gow’ sgr owt ha saS MARTc i t y ,whi l e i mpr ov i ngi nf r a s t r uc t ur ea nds er v i c esf orv i s i t or s a ndr es i dent s .
Net wor kRai l Ownera ndoper a t orof r a i l wa yi nf r a s t r uc t ur ewi t hi n t heUK. Keypl a y er si ne x pa ns i ona ndupk eepofa l l r a i l wa yl i nes .
T r ans er v S c ot l a ndT r a ns er vma na gesa l lr oa dnet wor k sa nd mot or wa y s wi t hi n S out h Wes tS c ot l a nd, i n c onj unc t i onwi t hT r a ns por tS c ot l a nd. Wi t hadr i v en a mbi t i on t o bec ome S c ot l a nd’ sl ea di ng r oa d net wor kma na ger sa ndma i nt ena nc epr ov i der .
S T RAT E GI CF RAMEWORKS UMMARY T hee x i s t i ngc i t y
Gr eenS pa c es : Ac c es s i bl ea r ea Publ i cAr ea Negl ec t eda r ea L a ndUs e: I ndus t r i a l Us e Ret a i l Us e E duc a t i ona l Us e
S umma r i s i ngt oget hert hepr ev i ousa na l y s i si ti spos s i bl et o not i c eac er t a i ni mba l a nc ebet weent hedi s t r i but i onofs er v i c es a ndt hepopul a t i ondens i t y . Ameni t i esa ndt r a ns por t ss eem t os er v et hec ommer c i a l a r eaof t hec i t ymor et ha nt hepopul a t i on. Res i dent i a la r ea sa r ei s ol a t eda ndl ef tt ot hems el v es , buti na ny c a s et hepr ox i mi t yt oagl oba l nodes uc ha st hec i t yc ent erc a nbe us edt ot hei ra dv a nt a ge .
Bi bl i ogr a phy Ana l y s i sBook l et3: Pl a nni nga ndPol i c y( 2018) Ana l y s i sBook l et4: E x per i enc i ngt heCi t y( 2018) Ana l y s i sBook l et5: Net wor kAna l y s i sofS t r eet s( 2018)
I nt er netBi bl i ogr a phy Ba r r a sAr ta ndDes i gn( 2018) ht t ps : / / ba a dgl a s gow. c om/ ba r r a s _a r t _a nd_des i gn_ea s t _end_gl a s gow Ba l f ourBea t t y( 2018)ht t ps : / / www. ba l f our bea t t y . c om/ howwewor k / Bi r mi ngha m Ci t yCounc i l S mi t h el dS i t e( 2018) ht t p: / / www. bi r mi ngha ms mi t h el d. c o. uk / t hel oc a t i on/ Bel f a s tCi t yCounc i l ( 2018) ht t p: / / www. bel f a s t c i t y . gov . uk / Cl a r k , J . , 2018, £30MY or kRedev el opmentPl a nRev ea l ed, NewCi v i l E ngi neer , ht t ps : / / www. newc i v i l engi neer . c om/ l a t es t / 30my or k r edev el opment pl a nr ev ea l ed/ 10030308. a r t i c l e Cha nnel 4( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. c ha nnel 4. c om/ F i r s tBus( 2018) ht t ps : / / www.r s t gr oup. c om/ Gl a s gowCa l edoni a nUni v er s i t y( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. gc u. a c . uk / Gl a s gowCi t yCounc i l ( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. gl a s gow. gov . uk / Gl a s gowCi t yCounc i l NewDev el opmentPl a n( 2018)ht t ps : / / www. gl a s gow. gov . uk / i nde x . a s px ? a r t i c l ei d=16186 Gl a s gowHous i ngAs s oc i a t i on( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. gha . or g. uk / Kl y deWa r r enPa r k( 2015) ht t ps : / / www. k l y dewa r r enpa r k . or g/ About t hePa r k / i nde x . ht ml L eedsCi t yCounc i l ( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. l eeds . gov . uk / L eedsCi t yCounc i l S out hba nk( 2018) ht t ps : / / s out hba nk l eeds . c o. uk / a bout / educ a t i on1 MCPubl i cRel a t i ons( 2017) ht t p: / / www. mc epubl i c r el a t i ons . c om/ pl a ns l a r ges t ev er s i ngl er edev el opment bel f a s t c i t y c ent r er es ubmi t t ed/ Net wor kRa i l ( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. net wor k r a i l . c o. uk / whowea r e/ Ne x t Bi k e( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. ne x t bi k e . c o. uk / Peopl eMa k eGl a s gowCa mpa i gn( 2018) ht t ps : / / peopl ema k egl a s gow. c om/ RAT P( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. r a t p. f r / gr ouper a t p/ l a mobi l i t edur a bl e/ pour l a v i l l edur a bl e S c ot Ra i l ( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. s c ot r a i l . c o. uk / S c ot t i s hE nt er pr i s e( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. s c ot t i s hent er pr i s e . c om/ S c ot t i s hPl a nni ngPol i c y( 2014) ht t ps : / / www. gov . s c ot / publ i c a t i ons / s c ot t i s hpl a nni ngpol i c y / S c ot t i s hNa t i ona l T r us t( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. nt s . or g. uk / S E P A( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. s epa . or g. uk / S t r a t hc l y dePa r t ner s hi pf or T r a ns por t( 2018) ht t p: / / www. s pt . c o. uk / T heAmer i c a nI ns t i t ut eofAr c hi t ec t s( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. a i a . or g/ s howc a s es / 173921k l y dewa r r enpa r k
I nt er netBi bl i ogr a phy T heS QUA( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. t hes qua . r e/ ber l i n/ f r i edr i c hs ha i n/ a r ea gui de . ht ml T r a ns er v( 2018) ht t p: / / www. s c ot l a ndt r a ns er v . c o. uk / s c ot l a ndt r a ns er v / T r ov er( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. t r ov er . c om/ d/ 1a Qqt mi l l enni umpa r k c hi c a goi l l i noi s UKCons t r uc t i onOnl i ne( 2016) ht t ps : / / www. uk c ons t r uc t i onmedi a . c o. uk / news / t hewa l k 7my or k c i t y c ent r epr oj ec t c ompl et ed/ Uni v er s i t yofS t r a t hc l y de( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. s t r a t h. a c . uk / Vi s i tBer l i n( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. v i s i t ber l i n. de/ en/ di s t r i c t s / f r i edr i c hs ha i nk r euz ber g Vi s i tS c ot l a nd( 2018) ht t ps : / / www. v i s i t s c ot l a nd. c om/ Wor l dT r a v el At t r a c t i ons( 2010) ht t p: / / www. wor l dt r a v el a t t r a c t i ons . c om/ mi l l enni umpa r k c hi c a go/