Conclusion

found our research focus that we decided to take fourth.

The analysis done after our data collection led to our proposal development, which was in accordance with livelihood framework to identify capitals and livelihood strategies with the goal to reduce vulnerability and to increase resilience. Our efforts to contribute to the community’s welfare saw partial day light as we could only

Limitations

Due to the density of the settlement and an overwhelming attention that we received during our visits, it became difficult to approach the marginalised that lived in the interiors. The availability of our respondents, thus, was limited to those who came to us themselves at the beginning, and extended to those who we identified in specific areas as we explored deeper in the interior of the settlement.

One of our need assessments, with a lady, was interrupted and terminated by her husband, and we failed to convince him and resume our process. He questioned how it would be meaningful to participate in such assessment if we are not able to solve the problem based on their feedbacks. This came as a shock as it was different from all our other experiences where people understood our presence and role as students. The husband stayed suspicious about our intent and us, the strangers. Time limit restricted our capability to spend longer time explaining and relieving his suspicion. Therefore, had we been given more time, we could pay more efforts on trust building, to get familiar with all the sub-areas, to spend longer time in engaging with the daily life of local residents, and to reach households that were less inclined to be accessed due to spatial restriction and more suspicion.

Additionally, due to the limitation of our schedule, we were also unable to visit the settlement at night, which rendered impossible for us to access potential respondents that were only available at specific time periods, e.g. some residents were out working as day labour and were back only at night.

Furthermore, due to availability of participants, our co-design workshop adopted the convenience sampling to involve any possible respondents from the settlement in our activities to get their feedbacks. As people came to our activities in groups, they usually come from the same communities and know each other, which hampered the achievement of our goal to involve residents from different communities to initiate the first step of community interaction and cohesion.

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Finally, although we have set up a Facebook group and carried out pilot dancing activities among children, we were not able to further implement these activities or start more actions such as bringing women together for skill sharing. Also owing to time limit, we were unable to bring more detailed proposals back to the community to discuss with the residents for improvement.

Reflection

During the length of our fieldwork, we relentlessly tried analysing the various dimensions of eviction and tenure security and during that process we learnt how informality supplements formality. One of the UEP values of formal-informal continuum was one of the foremost learning experiences for our group. In an informal settlement like Vishwakarma Nagar, where the government has minuscule intervention or interest, the residents have found ways of survival. This coexistence of formal and informal is magnified by the fact that the chronic weakness of formal institutions in India spoils their capacities to implement the ambitious, long-term plans which they are required to pursue (ibid.) These informal methods that tap on the formal planning of the city, are illegal and dangerous at a lot of points. However, for the people of Vishwakarma Nagar, it’s the only way of survival they know of.

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