REGENERATIVE INSULATION PROJECT BY UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN - 170375 - AEE 2023/24 AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
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02
CONTEXT SITE CONDITIONS
DHUN - ANT COLONY HIGHWAY
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
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CONTEXT Located on the eastern boarder of the Thar desert, in the arid desert state of Rajasthan, is Jaipur; one of the three cities of the “golden triangle of India”. With dry and hot summers, freezing inland desert winters and monsoon season with torrential downpours, this region is exposed to dynamic and harsh weather. 40 km south-west of Jaipur, the DHUN initiative is working on restoring 500 acres of exhausted arid land, with revitalized traditional terraforming methods.
JAIPUR 26O54’41.83’ N 75O47’12.94 E
RAJASTHAN INDIA 100.000 KM AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
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JAIPUR DHUN
DHUN “Dhun is conceptualized as a 500 acre neighbourhood in suburban Jaipur, that comprises working, learning and recreational spaces. It is a new foundation to fully realise what is possible in the realm of living development practices—A neighbourhood built from the inside out, considering the needs of the local ecology, the community, the individual, and finally the sustainability and efficiency of its systems, in that order. It aims to reimagine and redesign systems related to education, workplace, commerce, and recreation in order to build an environment that provides people with the freedom, inspiration, and resources to discover and develop their own potential.” From the Dhun Life Project
https:// www.dhun.life/
JAIPUR 30 KM
2500 M AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
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HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT WICKED PROBLEM ANALYSIS
XMIND FLOW CHART
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
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INDIA
INDIA
GDP PER CAPITA INDIA
1990
2000
2.388
UNITED KINGDOM
13.772
As Rajasthan is rich in minerals, mining makes up a uniquely large contribution to the grossstate-product (GSP). with reserves of limestone, marble, granite and sandstone contributing with a large portion of the states exports.
With the Hindu Kush- and Himalayan Mountains to the north, the Thar desert to the west and the dense jungles of Bengal to the east, getting goods fom India to it’s trading partners has always been a journey for the oceans. Situated in the middle of global trade routes between Europe, the american east coast and China, the Indian Ocean is the most heavily trafced ocean on the planet.
120.000 Top 3% >100.000
100.000
OF PEOPLE IN RAJASTHAN LIVE IN RURAL AREAS
30
40
50
2020
11 JSW Jaigarh Port / 50 T
NATIONAL GDP
7
2010
2.924
2.080
15 V.O. Chidambaranar Port / 36.6 T 3 1990
SHIPPING TONNAGE
2
1980
‘000.000 tonnes
19.6%
ONION
1. TU
R
ERIC
TURM
GINGER
DRY
S
SU
CO AC
B TO
CH
ILIE
GA
1.000.000
AL
L
JR
SOUTH KOREA
JAPAN
% GDP
FOSSIL FUELS
YEARLY IMPORT 2022
50
SECTOR % GDP
60
ENERGY DEFICIENCY
METALS PRODUCTS
BILLION USD
294.1
198.9
198.9
94.2
Diamonds
Billion USD
WASTE FOR FINAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
Medicaments Jewellery of precious metal
Telecommunication electricals Electronic integrated circuits
Unwrought aluminium
2020
2010
2000
1990
1980
1970
1960
Petroleum oils, other than crude Palm oil and its fractions Data processing equipment
2022
2021
2020
2020
2021
2022
1990
2000
2010
1.000
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
100.000 1.000.000 10.000.000
100
Diamonds
References appended
AEE
NON-METAL PRODUCTS
Gas (petrolium and others)
Telecommunication electricals Rice Parts of motor vehicles Motor cars and other vehicles Crustaceans
TONNES 000' RUPEE
1980
44.11 ODISHA 17.34 CHHATTISGARH 14.10 RAJASTHAN 13.24 KARNATAKA 4.36 JHARKHAND 2014 2.44 MADHYA P. 1.45 MAHARASHTRA 97.04 TOTAL
10.000 200
Gold
100
METALS PRODUCTS
Coal
146.4
Petroleum oils, other than crude
FOSSIL FUELS PRODUCTS
0 300
300
172.9 NON-METAL PRODUCTS
389.9
Petroleum oils from crude
2022 MINERAL PRODUCTION
1970
Copper Ore
TEN MOST VALUABLE COMMODITIES 2022
½ǕƲ٪ǛǼȬȉȯɅ٪ƇǾƫ٪ƲɫȬȉȯɅ٪˚ǍɍȯƲȷ٪ǛǾƫǛƤƇɅƲ٪Ǖȉɦ India, like many other industrializing countries without their own natural oil reserves, are buying vast amounts of oil and coal to supply ǛɅىȷ٪ȯǛȷǛǾǍ٪ƲƤȉǾȉǼɬؙ٪ƇǾƫ٪njɍdz˚dzdz٪ɅǕƲ٪ƫƲǼƇǾƫ٪njȉȯ energy from it’s citizens and businesses.
400
BIOMASS PRODUCTS 500
1960
RAJASTHAN
Lead Concentrate
FOSSIL FUELS PRODUCTS
1950
600
389.9
1965
1 %
Wollastonite
Data about the ten most valuable import and export goods show a country with a diverse and strong export economy, supplying a range of raw- and processed natural materials, as well as manufactured goods, that does not ȯƲdzɬ٪ȉǾ٪ƇǾɬ٪ȉǾƲ٪ǛɅƲǼ٪ƤƇɅƲǍȉȯɬ٪njȉȯ٪ǛɅىȷ٪Ȭȯȉ˚Ʌȷؘ
500
NON-METALLIC MINERALS
Copper Concentrate
BIOMASS PRODUCTS
% INDIAS TOTAL MINERAL OUTPUT
2
Siliceous Earth
RESOURCE VARIETY
700
Garnet
1975 600
4
Manganese Ore
NON-METALLIC MINERALS
MINERAL STATES
5 3
½ǕƲ٪ǛǼȬȉȯɅ٪ƇǾƫ٪ƲɫȬȉȯɅ٪˚ǍɍȯƲȷ٪ǛǾƫǛƤƇɅƲ٪Ǖȉɦ India, like many other industrializing countries without their own natural oil reserves, are buying vast amounts of oil and coal to supply ǛɅىȷ٪ȯǛȷǛǾǍ٪ƲƤȉǾȉǼɬؙ٪ƇǾƫ٪njɍdz˚dzdz٪ɅǕƲ٪ƫƲǼƇǾƫ٪njȉȯ energy from it’s citizens and businesses. With demands increasing, as the country’s economy develops further, supplying it’s citizens with clean energy will be one of, if not the biggest challenge, the Indian economy will have to tackle in the future.
700
COMPLEX PRODUCTS
Selenite
50
Silver
40
Phosphorite
30
Zinc Concentrate
20
43
31
MINING
Lead & Zinc Ore
10
60
54
26
Limestone
Trade in Billion USD per year.
10.000.000
Iron Ore
800
DESTINATIONS TO WHERE EXPORTS ARE SHIPPED.
Billion USD
COMPLEX PRODUCTS
DESTINATIONS, FROM WHICH GOODS ARE IMPORTED.
800
1.000.000
26 20
20
%
10 BIGGEST TRADING PARTNERS FOR IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
S AL
RAJASTHAN INDIA 2022
10
1985
1.000 10.000 100.000
30 METAL ORES
LE
TS
CE
40
900
100
IL
RE
AREA / HECTARE YIELD / TON
60
30 20 10 0
M
AT
10.000
A
B
SM
EY RL
1.000
3. A
3.
100
100.000 S
IZE
MA
10
S
RC AN
ER FIB
4.
1
E
FODD CROP ER S
2. OTHER KHARIF PULSES
IA
R CO
SWEET POTATO ER OTH
SERVICE INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE
RABI KHARIF AUTUMN SPRING HARVEST HARVEST
S L MILLET
5. SMAL
R
E ND
1. WHE
100.000.000
ED
SE
IN
M
CU
LS
1.000.000.000
IT S
EA
1.000.000
U
ER
10.000.000
1. G
UT
DN
UN
RO
S
C
1.000.000
LS E
BA
Cattle
FR
PO TA TO
COTTON
10.000.000
PU
2.
Buffalo
D
R
A ST
BI
M
U
SA
SE
2.
U
RA
70
INDONESIA
ED
M
M
Sheep
Despite the large portion of terratory covered by the Thar desert, and the prodominantly arid climate, the biggest state in India by area is incredibly agriculturally productive. Having been settled for millenia, local communities have developed crop cycles that can cope with the heat of summer, the cold of winter and the heavy rains of the monsoon season. While 65% of the states 342.239 km2 surface area is cultivated and the gross agricultural yields appear high, the vast majority of the farms in Rajasthan are small family operations powered with manual labor by impoverished people.
S
100.000.000
ED
Goat
IL SE
&
Poultry
IRA
SE
D
10 mio.
GDP % BY SECTOR
SINGAPORE
IN
EE
20 mio.
INDIA
BIOMASS
CHINA
1995
WOOL
ER
1. GRAM
G RU
INDIA
UAE
MILK
11%
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
2022
LIVESTOCK
13%
O
ES
RAJASTHAN
A) ST S ME ER G TH IN O UD P CL EM NH SA
HONG KONG IRAQ
SAUDI ARABIA
YEARLY EXPORT 2022
900
NETHERLANDS BELGIUM UNITED KINGDOM
TONNES
32.89%
2. O TH
SP IC
LIVESTOCK POPULATIONS
% CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL OUTPUT
(IN
USA
Experts in global economic development believe that India will likely exceed the industrial capacity of China and become the new “factory of the world” in the future.
YEARLY IMPORT 2022
S
The incredible volume of natural resources, that India exports do not make up for the imbalance in value, but in the long term the increased productivity will enable the massive Indian workforce to improve the value of their output.
SECTOR VALUE
FOSSIL FUELS
METAL ORES
Import trends show an investing priority in acquiring assets and technologies to develop the nations economy, by improving industrial and manufacturing capacity, communication- and medical technology, to increase productivity.
D
BIOMASS
BUILDING CAPACITY.
IMPORT % of GDP
2005
Despite the sheer volume of India’s agricultural and industrial trade, the value generated in India’s economy mainly comes from it’s service sector. In 2019, it contributed 54.9% of value added to the GPD, despite the sector only representing a third of India’s workforce by employment, which is a low portion when compared to other nations in the region, both developing and industrialized.
OTHER CROPS 2019-2020
I
TONNES
9.3%
ER
SERVICE SECTOR % CONTRIBUTION TO GDP
FINANCIAL SERVICES
H OT
54.8%
24.6%
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
2015
EXPORT % of GDP
2030
METH
YEARLY EXPORT 2022
2020
2. L
2010
ES P
2000
SE OIL
25%
A
1990
100%
R
1980
11.8%
0
150%
TRANSPORT, STORAGE, COMMUNICATIONS 1.
1970
ED
OTHER SERVICES
7%
TRADE DEFICIT 2022 -151.5 billion USD$
1.000.000.000
TRADE, HOTELS RESTAURANTS
27.7%
3. TARAM
1951 1960
SEASONAL CROP YIELD 2019-2020
REAL ESTATE
1970
1
1949
JAWAR MINES
RAJASTHAN SERVICE SECTOR CONTRIBUTION BY CATEGORY
190.000 tonnes of salt produced per year.
0.01% of Indias total 26.564.386 t/year
3.
10. BRAZIL
SAMBHAR LAKE SALT LARGEST IN-LAND SALT LAKE IN INDIA
OW AR
2.090
SINDESAR KHURD MINES RAJPURA DARIBA MINE
% OF TOTAL AREA USED FOR AGRICULTURE YEARLY
2. J
9. CANADA
RAMPURA AGUCHA
PULS ES
2.170
SILVER MINING IN INDIA
OF WORKERS INVOLVED IN THE INFORMAL ECONOMY
4
Mio. ounces / year 2022
Silver mining is one of the most protable mining ventures in Rajasthan. 127 out of the 743 most productive silver mines in the world are in India, making it the 11th highest silver yielding nation globally, accountable for 4.1% of all global silver mined. The four largest silver mines in Indias are all in Rajasthan, contributing with 64% of the total yield of all silver produced in India. The mine are all located along the western Thar desert fault.
>90%
ASD
1 0
SAMBHAR LAKE
IC
8. ITALY
2000
17 Cochin Port / 32 T
150
ZAWAR MINE
5
6
5
7. FRANCE
JAIPUR a
EMPLOYMENT
09 Karaikal Port / 55 T
RAJPURA DARIBA MINE
AGRA
OF CHILDREN AGE 5-14 YEARS OLD LABOUR. ~10.1 mio. total.
TRILLION USD
12 Krishnapatnam Port / 45 T 24 Kattupalli Port / 18 T 10 Chennai Port / 51.9 T 14 Kamarajar Port / 38 T
RAMPURA AGUCHA MINE
5.5%
06 Visakhapatnam Port / 63.5 T 23 Gangavaram Port / 18.1 T
13 New Mangaluru Port / 42.1 T
KHETRI COPPER MINE CHEVRON MINE
2022
16 JSW Dharamtar Port / 34 T
100
LIMESTONE SILVER COPPER SALT
OVERALL PAY GAP BETWEEN GENDERS ON AVERAGE
60
SINDESAR KHURD MINE
INFOGRAPHICS POSTER 2
20
STATE AREA CULTIVATED 220.000 / 342.239 km
PULSE S
100
BIGGEST SILVER MINES OF INDIA IN RAJASTHAN
ED
90
GARL
3.160
80
AJW AIN
6. UK
70
SAUF (FENNEL)
3.740
60
CL O U TH D E IN RS G O GU PIU AR SE M ED )
4.309
5. INDIA
9500
50
65%
20 Mormugao Port / 26.9 T 4. GERMANY
40
4 ؎٪5
SE
10
22 Gopalpur Port / 25
19 Dighi Port / 30 T
50
4.410
14800
6400 30
BILLION USD $
21 Dhamra Port / 25 03 Paradip Port Authority / 135 T
04 Jawaharlal Nehru Port / 75.9 T
20
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
08 Mookerjee Port / 57.9 T
25 Dahej Port / 17.5 T
SHIPPING LANE
RK MARBLE
OTHERS
0
3. JAPAN
10
65%
75%
25000
20.000
05 Haldia Port / 65.7 T
07 Mumbai Port Trust / 62.8 T
BANSWARA SYNTEX
DELHI
40.000
01 MUNDRA / 150 T 02 Deendayal Port / 137 T
10
19.374
2. CHINA
INFOGRAPHICS POSTER 1
50.000
BIKAJI FOODS INTERNATIONAL LTD
BEAN
26.854
(RSWM) RAJASTHAN SPINNING & WEAVING MILLS LIMITED
CA ST OR
10.000
HINDUSTAN ZINC
AMBUJA CEMENTS
Top 5% >64380
18 Hazira Port / 30 T
1000
USA
0
AGRARIAN RAJASTHAN
(IN
1.
10
Despite the vast majority of land being arid or desert in Rajasthans, the state has and impressive agricultural output. The hot climate of Rajasthan 2 is especially well suited for the production of oilseed crops, like mustard seed, rapeseed and linseed, for which the state is responsible for 22% of all production in India. However, it is a testament to the sheer productivity of India overall that the state is not even in the top 10 of most fertile and agriculturally productive states in India, despite being the largest.
60.000
40 EXPORTS
RAILROAD
100
1.000
COMPANY EVALUATION ‘000.000 USD
80.000
66.983
BILLION USD
2022
LARGEST 5 RAJASTHAN-BASED COMPANIES (EXCLUDING MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS)
45.850
A key meteric for the continued economic development of India has been to expand it’s railway network in the most populated areas of northern India, to improve the capacity for getting export goods from the inland to the two main ports regions of Gujarat (west) and Kolkata (east).
LARGEST NATIONAL ECONOMY GLOBALLY
Despite the sizable portion of it’s workforce engaged in it the primary and secondary sector, the service portion of the state’s economy has increasingly become the main contributor to the states economy. This speaks to the lack of value in the industrial production, despite it’s volume, ans well as the increased economic output of the globally connected cities compared to the underdeveloped countryside, where subsistence farming and abject poverty is the reality for many.
% POPULATION MONTHLY INR / MONTH EARNINGS DISTRIBUTION
% GLOBAL RICE
th
Rajasthan is a resource capital of India, with a sizable but technologically undeveloped industrial economy. As the largest state in India, Rajasthan follows the urbanization trend of the nation, with 75% (as per 2011) of it’s 68 million inhabitants livung in it’s rural areas. The state is an argicultural powerhouse, with 65% of the population is directly engaged in, or indirectly dependent on, agriculture as their source of income, despite the arid climate.
DENMARK
4600
5
AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND MINING.
12.720
TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE OF INDIA
GLOBAL EXPORT ECONOMY
ECONOMY - INDUSTRY
2020 2023
2010
VEGETABLES
18
th
1980
BULGARIA
Balancing the burdens and potentials of it’s vast terratory and population have been a long struggle. For many decades the country was free of colonial control, the country has struggled with nancing the development of it’s economic capacities, despite it’s enourmous output of goods. With a low litteracy, poor distribution infrastructure and lack of technology and equipment for advanced manufacturing, India has relied on exporting goods from it’s primary sector at low margins of prot, to pay for it’s own development. In recent decades India has risen from half a century of stagnation, and begun it’s growth trajectory towards becoming a developed industrialized nation, nanced largely off of it’s large and protable technology and communications sector. With abundant natural resources, great food security and the largest and youngest workforces in the world, of which many are highly skilled in technology, the country is poised to continue it’s rise out of poverty.
1970
CHINA
USD / CAPITA / YEAR
India is at once both one of the largest and most powerful economies in the world, as well as one of the poorest countries per capita. Since their independence in 1947, India has moved from centralized planning, isolationism and nancial protectionism (the early Harroddomar and Mahalandobis 5-year plans), to reengaging with the global economy.
1960
4. SOYA
IMPORT, EXPORTS AND PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
1. RICE
ECONOMY - TRADE
WASTE FOR FINAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
100.000.000 References appended
Uffe Emil Holm Thomsen 170375
Uffe Emil Holm Thomsen 170375
INDIA
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PHASE REASERCH
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES HEATWAVES
FLOODS
DROUGHT NORMALIZED VULNERABILITY INDEX: DROUGHT
SOURCE: HTTPS://IMDPUNE.GOV.IN/HAZARDATLAS/HEATNEW.HTML
PERMANENTLY ALTERED
UNAVOIDABLE CONSEQUENCE - REQUIRES ADAPTATION.
HIGH AMOUNT OF RAINFALL IMPROVING LANDSCAPE WATER STORAGE CAPACITY.
LOSS OF SOIL BIO-
INCREASED VULNERABILITY AGAINST SCOURING.
SOURCE:
SOURCE: HTTPS://WWW.DOWNTOEARTH.ORG.IN/NEWS/ENVIRONMENT/INDIA-SHOULDBRACE-FOR-DRY-AND-HOT-SPRING-SUMMER-EL-NINO-SAY-EXPERTS-87755
AEE
INDIA
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SOURCE: VOX .COM / CDC
HTTPS://EDITION.CNN.COM/2023/04/20/ASIA/INDIA-HEAT-WAVE-DEVELOPMENTCLIMATE-INTL-HNK/INDEX .HTML
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HEATWAVES
UNDERSTANDING THE THREAT
DEFINITION: As per IMD definition, a heatwave is when the temperature of any place crosses 40 degrees Celsius in the plains, 37 degrees in coastal areas, and 30 degrees in the hills. It also declares a heatwave when a place registers a maximum temperature that is 4.5 to 6.4 degrees Celsius more than the normal temperature for the area for that day, and a severe heatwave if this temperature is over 6.4 degrees. SOURCE:
INDIA The country reported 280 heat wave days from March 11-May 18, 2022 — the highest in 12 years, it said. While IMD releases heatwave days for individual states every year, the book has added them up to reach the India figure. This has been done to make the numbers comparable. For example: In 2011, heatwaves were reported in Andhra Pradesh (8), Rajasthan (7), Punjab (6), Haryana and Tamil Nadu (3 each), Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh (2 each), and Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Maharashtra and West Bengal (1 each). They add to 40 heatwave days for India.
HTTPS://WEATHER.COM/EN-IN/INDIA/NEWS/NEWS/2022-04-26-RAJASTHANAND-MADHYA-PRADESH-SUFFERED-THE-MOST-THIS-SUMMER SOURCE: HTTPS://WWW.DOWNTOEARTH.ORG.IN/NEWS/CLIMATE-CHANGE/STATE-OF-INDIAS-ENVIRONMENT-IN-FIGURES-INDIA-RECORDED-280-HEAT-WAVE-DAYS-ACROSS16-STATES-IN-2022-MOST-IN-DECADE-83131
RAJASTHAN The early onset of the heatwave in the desert State this March — the hottest in 122 years since the India Meteorological Department started maintaining records — has threatened wildlife, taken a toll on the quality of crops, caused the water level in dams to plummet and affected rural employment
SOURCE: HTTPS://WWW.THEHINDU.COM/NEWS/NATIONAL/RAJASTHAN-REELS-UNDERRELENTLESS-HEATWAVE/ARTICLE65512291.ECE
Long-term projections indicate that Indian heat waves could cross the survivability limit for a healthy human resting in the shade by 2050. SOURCE: HTTPS://EDITION.CNN.COM/2023/04/20/ASIA/INDIA-HEAT-WAVE-DEVELOPMENTCLIMATE-INTL-HNK/INDEX .HTML
JAIPUR The connection between Rajasthan with severe heat conditions is not new. But what is new is the change in the number of days with extreme heat conditions. The city recorded the maximum temperature of 43°C in both April 2021 and April 2022. However, the number of days experiencing this weather surged to 26 in 2022, as compared to 11 days in 2021. SOURCE: HTTPS://WWW.DECCANHERALD.COM/INDIA/10-CITIES-SAW-HARSHERHEATWAVE-IN-2022-COMPARED-TO-LAST-YEAR-1117028.HTML
With changing weather patterns and rising extremities every season, a recent study has found that India saw a 55% increase in deaths due to extreme heat between 2000-2004 and 2017-2021.
SOURCE: IMD - INDIA METEROLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 2022
AEE
INDIA
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RAJASTHAN Five states accounted for 54 per cent of the heat waves this year. These were Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat and Haryana, according to SoE in figures, 2022. Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir — all in the Himalayan regions — have been unusually warm this year, according to the e-book. HP recorded 27 heat wave days, Rajasthan 39 and Madhya Pradesh 38.
Exposure to extreme heat affects health directly, exacerbating underlying conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and causing heat stroke, adverse pregnancy outcomes, worsened sleep patterns, poor mental health, and increased injury-related death,” the study noted, adding that vulnerable populations were most at risk.
SOURCE:
SOURCE:
HTTPS://WWW.DOWNTOEARTH.ORG.IN/NEWS/CLIMATE-CHANGE/STATE-OF-INDIAS-ENVIRONMENT-IN-FIGURES-INDIA-RECORDED-280-HEAT-WAVE-DAYS-ACROSS16-STATES-IN-2022-MOST-IN-DECADE-83131
HTTPS://WWW.LIVEMINT.COM/NEWS/INDIA/LETHAL-HEATWAVE-MORE-INDIANSARE-DYING-DUE-TO-HIGH-TEMPERATURE-11666778785596.HTML
The early onset of the heatwave in the desert State this March — the hottest in 122 years since the India Meteorological Department started maintaining records — has threatened wildlife, taken a toll on the quality of crops, caused the water level in dams to plummet and affected rural employment.
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ADAPTATIONS
MITIGATING HEATGAIN
OTLA
STONE ARCHITECTURE
JAALI
A widely used concept in medieval cities in general, but in particular in the northwestern part of India, near the Thar desert, in cities like Ahmedabad, Jaisalmer, Udaipur and Jaipur, the “otla” is the porchlike semiprivate threshold cavity space, in-between the interior of a dwelling and the narrow street. Usually the plinth is raised, to seperate the space from the flow of water and refuse in the street gutter.
Rajasthan’s traditional stone architecture stands as a testament to the region’s climatic wisdom, seamlessly blending aesthetics with environmental responsiveness. The classical havelis, exemplifying this architectural heritage, courtyards serve as havens of indirect light and natural ventilation. In cities like Jaipur, where population density is high, these courtyards act as central open spaces, allowing residents to experience the benefits of natural light and airflow. This design not only enhances the comfort of living spaces but also showcases the adaptability of Rajasthan’s architecture to its arid climate.
“Jaali manages to cut down on direct sun and thereby the heat ingress. It also allows movement of air for cross breeze and ventilation. Jaali breaks down total square metre of consolidated aperture area of a typical window into number of small holes. The holes are nearly of the same size or often smaller than the thickness of the material it is built with. This means each void is a cubical proportion of height equal to depth, protecting ingress of direct sunrays and haze as well as glare associated with it, for most of the sun angle through the day and across seasons.” Architect Yatin Pandya
SOURCE: HTTPS://BERKELEYPRIZE.ORG/ENDOWMENT/THE-RESERVE?ID=15
AEE
SOURCE:
SOURCE:
AUTHOR
AUTHOR
SOURCE:
SOURCE:
SOURCE:
HTTPS://BERKELEYPRIZE.ORG/ENDOWMENT/THE-RESERVE?ID=15
HTTPS://THEHAVELIPROJECT.BLOGSPOT.COM/P/DOCUMENTATION.HTML
WWW.INDIAMART.COM/PRODDETAIL/TERACOTTA-CLAY-JALI-24374932030.HTML
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TECTONICS
DESERT DIURNAL CYCLE
THERMAL MASS EVEN OUT DIURNAL FLUCTUATIONS
In traditional vernacular architecture from the region, recessed dwelling spaces and thick structural stone walls and limestone plaster render were utilized to work with the large temperature desparaties between the day and night in the desert, instead of against them. By having large amounts of thermal mass to slowly soak the heat from the sun during the day, and dissapate/ release the heat back out again at night, into the surrounding spaces inside and around the building, architecture effectively mitigated the heat of the desert by evening out/flattening the curve. DAWN
DAWNDAWN
MIDDAY
MIDDAY MIDDAY
DUSK
DUSKDUSK
40 C
Experience with the thermal performance of different soil combinations used in render, aswell as the optimal thickness required to fend of the worst heat, and still gain the benefit of heating at night live in the memory C knowledge of local builders and craftsmen, but could be simulated based on detailed measurements 40and C 40 tacit of material properties.
30 C
30 C 30 C
DAWN
MIDDAY
DUSK
40 C
20 C
20 C 20 C IDEAL
30 C
IDEALIDEAL
10 C 10 C
10 C 20 C
0C
0C
IDEAL
0C
10 C
-10 C
0C
-10 C -10 C
TIME
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
DHUN LIFE PROJECT: 50 KM AND BEYOND.
TEMPERATURE
SOURCE:
TEMPERATURE
-10 C
TIME TIME
TIME
MASSMASS THERMAL DIURNAL CYCLE DIURNAL DIURNAL CYCLE HEATWAVE CYCLE HEATWAVE HEATWAVE THERMAL MASSTHERMAL ADAPTATION TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE INCREASED INCREASED INCREASED ADAPTATION ADAPTATION FLATTENING FLATTENING FLATTENING FLUCTUATIONS FLUCTUATIONS FLUCTUATIONS THERMAL LOAD THERMAL THERMAL LOADLOAD THERMAL MASS DIURNAL CYCLE HEATWAVE THE CURVE THE CURVE THE CURVE TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
INCREASED THERMAL LOAD
ADAPTATION FLATTENING THE CURVE
PHASE REASERCH
10
/
X
IMPACT
POWER CONSUMPTION
India’s future development holds immense promise and challenges, shaped by its current trajectory and global positioning. As one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, India is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the global landscape. However, this growth comes with increased energy demands, triggering a surge in power consumption. The nation’s aspirations for a better life for its people, driven by a burgeoning population and a youthful workforce, are legitimate and underscored by a commitment to socio-economic progress. As India navigates its development journey, balancing economic growth with sustainable practices becomes imperative.
INDUSTRY (42%) TRACTION AND RAILWAYS (2%) COMMERCIAL (8%) DOMESTIC (24%) AGRICULTURE (18%) OTHERS (6%)
COAL (52%) NUCLEAR (2%) HYDROPOWER (12%) RE SOURCES (26%)
1200 1000 800 600 400
SOURCE: AUTHOR
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
4 99
38 1 1.
38 9 1.
37 6 1.
30 8 1.
1400
1.
24
1
OTHER FOSSIL FUELS (8%)
12% 10% 8%
NUCLEAR (2%)
6%
RE GENERATION
4%
200
2%
0
0%
% SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE: (Qarnain, Muthuvel, and Sankaranarayanan 2021)
PHASE REASERCH
11
/
X
03
PROTOTYPE PRELIMINARY TESTING / OVERVIEW
HAVELI - DHUN - 12.12.23
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
12
/
X
01
VENTURI-VENTILATION WEATHERBALLON
03
MINIATURE SOIL FACTORY
05
ADAPTIVE INSULATION TILES
02
PASSIVE RADIATIVE COOLING
04
ATMOSPHERIC WATER HARVESTING
06
MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITE AIR-FILTERS
RIC WATE PHE RH OS A TM
TER ES RV
MOB ILE A
RERUN FROM 2022/23
PR
OJ
E CT
D R A G O N F LY - C A
PU
NG
INITIAL IDEATION AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
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X
FUNGI FIBERS
MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITES (MBC)
TOTAL WEIGHT: 120g
While mycelium was initially investigated as a replacement for disposable packaging materials like cardboard, styrofoam, and other plastics, its thermal- and mechanical properties have garnered much attention as a building material. Retrofitting building envelopes with layers of additional insulating materials for existing architecture is known to be a strategy for providing protection against the direct threat of heatwaves and improving thermal performance/energy efficiency. The development of MBCs for use as insulation materials represents a potential path towards a biogenic material for such applications.
MBC RECIPE: 100g
SPAWN-TO-WEIGHT RATIO
TOTAL WEIGHT: 120g 50% (50g) Upper limit
20% (20g) Lower limit
SUBSTRATE 65g Including supplements
3% (3g) Lower limit WATER 45g SOURCE: ADRIEN RIGOBELLO
(70% substrate weight)
OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE GROWTH CONDITIONS FOR FUNGI
While MBCs are yet to become as efficient as other oil or mineral-based engineered insulation materials available today, in terms of thermal performance, the ecological aspects of the material are far superior to most other materials that are commonly used in contemporary buildings. While the literature on compressive and tensile strength, as well as thermal performance, is still being explored, studies done so far indicate that MBCs can reach the efficiency of mineral-wool products, with better stiffness. MBCs are grown from lignocellulosic by-products, such as sawdust and straw from forestry and agriculture industries, colonized by the chitinous fungal hyphae fibers that form the network structures of mycelium. Spawn and substrate are the 2 main constituting elements in MBCs[13] with supplementation as a situational/optional 3rd component.
AD M RA VA YCE TE NC LI OF E UM
Mycelium spawn refers to a monocultural isolate of a single fungi species – most often done in a sterilized food source, such as cereal grains (also called grain spawn). Substrate refers to the lignocellulosic element of the MBC – the growth medium that is colonized by dispersed ligninolotic fungi mycelium. The type of substrate plays a key role in determining the strength characteristics of the cultivated MBC. Supplementation cover additives that help cover/boost the nutrition requirements of specific fungi in certain substrates, regulate humidity, and/or help prevent contamination.
SOURCE: MACIEJ SYDOR ET AL., “FUNGI IN MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITES: USAGE AND RECOMMENDATIONS,” MATERIALS 15, NO. 18 (SEPTEMBER 9, 2022): 6283, HT TPS://DOI.ORG/10.3390/MA15186283. COMBINATIONS OF SUBSTRATES AND FUNGUS SPECIES USED IN SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS.
MYCELIUM RATE OF ADVANCE
BEST GROWTH PER KILOWATT OPTIMAL GROWTH ZONE
The properties of MBCs are determined by the growth TEMPERATURE ( C) quality of the fungi species/substrate composition, along with supplementation, and managing the environmental conditions for mycelium growth, to get a material with the required mechanical properties. Properties such as weight, surface structure, compressive and tensile strength all depend on substrate properties, fungi species, and growth quality. O
-20
-10
0OC
10
20
30
40
60
70
80
90
38
THERMOTOLERANT
25
MESOPHILIC
PSYCHROTOLERANT
50
45
THERMOPHILIC
PSYCHROPHILIC
SOURCE:
MYCELIUM DIE-OFF MAX.
WATER SOLIDIFIES MINIMUM
15 20 23
[GL] GANODERMA LUCIDUM / REISHI
22-24
[PO] PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS / OYSTER
REFERENCE RECIPE FOR MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITE PRODUCTION
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
14
/
X
STATE-OF-THE-ART
AEE
HI-FY PAVILION, MOMA 2014
HI-FY PAVILION, ETH ZURICH 2017
IN VIVO, VENICE BIENNALE 2023
FREE-STANDING STRUCTURE WITH INTERNAL BRACING
SELF-SUPPORTING STRUCTURE WITH EMBEDDED TENSILE SUPPORT
LARGE CLADDING ELEMENTS HANGING BY OWN STRENGTH
INDIA
23/24
SOURCE:
SOURCE:
SOURCE:
HTTPS://URBANNEXT.NET/HY-FI/
HTTPS://WWW.WORLD-ARCHITECTS.COM/EN/ ARCHITECTURE-NEWS/WORKS/MYCOTREE
HTTPS://WWW.BELGIANPAVILION.BE/EN/PROJECTS/BELGIAN-PAVILION-2023
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
15
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STATE-OF-THE-ART
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE INSULATION MATERIALS COMPARED
MATERIAL
DENSITY [kg/m3]
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY [W/m K]
SPECIFIC HEAT [kJ/kg K]
COMPRESSIVE RESISTANCE [kPa]
Stone wool Glass wool Expanded clay Vermiculite Perlite EPS XPS PUR Wood fibers Compacted Wood fibers Mineralized Wood Fibers Cork Cellulose Straw bale Hemp Flax Sheep Wool Recycled PET Aerogel VIPs
35–130 12–64 245–275 170 139–166 15–30 24–38 31.5–35 30–60 110–250 420–520 80–115 30–80 100–109 38–41 30–40 30 12–100 150–220 180–250
0.33–0.40 0.31–0.45 0.095–0.12 0.062–0.090 0.040–0.055 0.031–0.037 0.031–0.036 0.022–0.040 0.037–0.038 0.047–0.08 0.070–0.10 0.04–0.050 0.037–0.042 0.038–0.067 0.038–0.060 0.038–0.042 0.033 0.039 0.015–0.028 0.02
0.85–1.0 ≈0.85 ≈1.0 0.8–1.0 0.9–1.0 1.25 1.3–1.7 1.3–1.45 1.9–2.1 2.1 1.8–2.1 1.5–1.7 1.3–2.0 0.6 1.6–1.7 1.4–1.6 1.9–2.0 0.24 1.05 -
50 50 50 250–500 150 40–300 > 200 -
Mycelium-flax - a Mycelium-hemp - b Mycelium-straw - c
135 99 94
0.058 0.040 0.042
-
0
AEE
INDIA
23/24
100
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
500 0
SOURCE
0.1
0.2 0
-
1
2 0
1 ELISE ELSACKER E T AL ., “ MECHANICAL, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHAR ACTERISATION OF MYCELIUM-BASED COMP OSITES WITH DIFFERENT T YPES OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC SUBSTR ATES,” ED. DENIZ AYDEMIR, PLOS ONE 14, NO. 7 (JULY 22, 2019) : E021395 4, HT TP S://DOI.ORG/ 10.13 7 1/JOURNAL . P ONE.021395 4. 2 GIANLUCA GR A ZIESCHI, FR ANCESCO ASDRUBALI, AND GUILHEM THOMAS, “ EMBODIED ENERGY AND CARBON OF BUILDING INSUL ATING MATERIALS: A CRITICAL RE VIE W,” CLE ANER ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 2 (JUNE 2021) : 100032, HT TP S://DOI. ORG/ 10.1016/J.CESYS.2021.100032.
250
PHASE REASERCH
500
16
/
X
TROPHIC LEVELS
THE ROLE OF MUSHROOMS IN THE FOODWEB
Fungi are classified into 4 digestive categories, based on whether they get food from decomposing dead organic matter (Saprotrophs), exchange nutrients with host organism in a mutually benefitial relationship (Mycorrhizae), extort nutrition from their host organism in a hostile manner (Parasites) or live off host organisms in less clearly defined symbiotic relations (Endophytes). Mushrooms and mycelium play a crucial role in ecosystems, serving as unsung heroes that contribute to the balance and vitality of various environments. Mycelium, the intricate network of thread-like structures that make up the vegetative part of fungi, acts as nature’s silent architect, forming symbiotic relationships with plants and trees. This mycorrhizal association enhances nutrient absorption, aiding in the transfer of essential minerals like phosphorus and nitrogen from the soil to the host plants. In addition to their mycorrhizal functions, mushrooms also function as decomposers, breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients. This decomposition process not only cleanses the environment but also releases vital nutrients back into the soil, facilitating the growth of other vegetation. Furthermore, mushrooms serve as a food source for numerous organisms, forming a critical link in the trophic levels of metabolism. In essence, the intricate dance between mushrooms, mycelium, and other organisms establishes a delicate balance that sustains the health and biodiversity of ecosystems worldwide. Understanding and appreciating the importance of these fungal components is fundamental to the overall well-being of our planet.
LEVEL 1 PHOTOSYNTHESIZERS: Plant leafs, plantroots, plant shoots. MICROBIAL BEDROCK: Organic matter, humus, waste, residue, metabolites from plants, animals and microbes.
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
DECOMPOSERS AND ROOT FEEDERS: Mutualist micro-organisms, pathogens, parasites, nematodes root feeding bacteria, bacteria.
SHREDDERS, GRAZERS, AND MICRO-PREDATORS: Protozoa, amoebae, flagellates, ciliates, predatorial microbes, nematodes (worms), fungal and bacterial feeders, arthropod shredders.
PREDATORS: Predatory arthropods, predatory nematodes.
FUNGI: Mycorrhizal fungi Saprophytic fungi
LEVEL 5 INTERMEDIARY PREDATORS Birds, insects, foraging/ground feeding mammals,
LEVEL 6 APEX PREDATORS (MEGAFAUNA) Predatory birds, predatory mammals,
CRUCIAL FOR BIO-AVAILABILITY OF MINERAL NUTRIENTS TO HIGHER LEVEL ORGANISMS.
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
17
/
X
MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITE PRODUCTION CYCLUS H²O
PREPARATION
GROWTH 1
GROWTH 2
GROWTH 3
GROWTH 4
IMPLIMENTATION
DISPOSAL
GROW SUBSTRATE
PLATE PREP
FORAGE
CULTURE
GRAIN SPAWN PROPERGATION
SUBSTRATE PREP
INOCULATE
MOLDING ELEMENTS
HARVEST BUILDING ELEMENT
USE IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT
RECYCLE BUILDING ELEMENT
90 DAYS
1 DAY
1 DAY
4-7 DAYS
4-7 DAYS
1 DAY
14-21 DAYS
1 DAY
1 DAY
6 WEEKS - 20 YEARS*
1 DAY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
HARVEST GRAIN AND STRAW
MIX MAE FORMULA
FORAGE MYCELIUM SAMPLES
INOCULATE MAE / LIQUID CULTURE
PASTURIZE SPAWN GRAIN
SHRED SUBSTRATE
INOCULATE SUBSTRATE WITH SPAWN
MOLD INOCULATED SUBSTRATE COLONY
EXTRACT ELEMENT
INSTALL IN BUILDINGS
REMOVE FROM BUILDING
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE (STRAW)
PASTURIZE AND POUR AGAR PLATES
INOCULATE SPAWN GRAIN WITH CULTURE
DISINFECT SUBSTRATE
SEAL IN FILTERED CONTAINER
INCUBATE
HEAT TREAT
MBC USE IN BUILDING
COMPOST
MIX
DRAIN / DRY
INCUBATE
EXTRACT ELEMENT
SURFACE TREATMENT
BREAK UP MYCELIUM
BREAK UP MYCELIUM
PROPERGATE
EXTRACT MYCELIUM SAMPLE BIOPSI
CEREAL GRAINS
DISTRIBUTE
STERILE
REPEAT STEP TO INCREASE SAMPLE PURITY
INCUBATE
STERILE
REPEAT STEP TO INCREASE COLONY MASS
TARGET OF INVESTIGATION.
?
H²O
25°C
100°C
STERILE
STORE FOR LATER USE
ORE ATER SE
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
18
/
X
KADK BIO-LAB HIGH TECH PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT
FREEZER
AEE
INDIA
23/24
AUTOCLAVE
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
LAMINAR FLOW HOOD
INCUBATOR
PHASE REASERCH
19
/
X
MBC PRODUCTION
FAMILIARIZATION WITH NORMAL MBC PRODUCTION PROCEEDURES
MEASURING OUT WATER
DOUBLE-BAG SEALING TO RETAIN STERILITY DURING AUTOCLAVE
MEASURING OUT MYCELIUM SPAWN - HERE REISHI (GL)
MEASURING SUBSTRATE WEIGHT
PACKING AUTOCLAVE WITH SUBSTRATE BAGS
MIXING COIR FIBER WITH MYCELIUM - HERE SCRAPPED OYSTER (PE)
HEAT SEALING SUBSTRATE + WATER FOR AUTOCLAVING
RUNNING AUTOCLAVE CYCLE - 2 HOURS / VACCUME + 200 O C
CLOSEUP OF REISHI-COIR FIBER MBC AFTER 14 DAYS
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
20
/
X
MBC PRODUCTION
TESTING LOW-TECH PROCEEDURE WITH DISCARDED MYCELIUM COLONIES FROM LOCAL FUNGI FARM “BYGAARD” AND COLD-WATER STERILIZATION.
DUMPSTER FOR DISPOSING “FRUITED” MYCELIUM COLONIES
MIXING WATER AND CALCIUM-HYDROXIDE
CLOSEUP OF COLONIZATION AFTER 14 DAYS
GROWTH TRAYS FROM THE INCUBATION ROOM OF “BYGAARD” FARM
COLD-WATER STERILIZATION OF SUBSTRATE - IN THIS CASE STRAW
BREAKUP OF COLONY FOR TILING
MYCELIUM MASS EXTRACTED FROM BELOW MYCELIUM SURFACE
MIXING STRAW WITH MYCELIUM SAMPLES - HERE GREY OYSTER
CUTTING UP STRAW FOR DENSER AND MORE MANAGABLE STRUCTURE
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
21
/
X
MYCOLOGY TRAINING IN RELEVANT TECHNIQUES
INITIAL TESTING
TEST 1 BIRCHWOOD SAWDUST BLACK TEA WASTE + REISHI TEST 2 - MYCELIUM PROPAGATION
TEST 3 COIR FIBER + REISHI
TEST 3 - CONTAMINATION CLOSEUP asd
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
22
/
X
TEST GROWTH
AEE
INDIA
23/24
COLD-WATER STERILIZATION
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
23
/
X
AEE
EVALUATING THE GROWTH OF THE FIRST TEST TILES
INITIAL TESTING
CLOSEUPS OF RANGE OF SAMPLES
RANGE OF FIRST SAMPLES
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
24
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X
HYPOTHESIS CAN MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITES MADE FROM LOCAL AGRICULTURAL WASTE BE A SCALABLE WAY OF PRODUCING INSULATION PANELS, TO REDUCE HEAT ACCUMULATION IN BUILDINGS?
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
25
/
X
IDEAS
AEE
INDIA
23/24
DEVELOPMENT
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
FUNCTIONS
PHASE REASERCH
26
/
X
DESIGN
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
FUNCTIONS CHAMBER
PRODUCTION
PHASE REASERCH
27
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X
BIO-REACTOR
BIO-TECHNOLOGY / AESTHETICS OF PRODUCTION
CO-CREATION / COHABBITATION
RHIZOMORPHIC MYCELIUM EXPLORATION
Working with mycelium demands a willingness to let go of urge to control the process. Co-creating with a another species to produce an architectural element is an environmental dialogue, between a host and a guest organism.
HYPHAE
MYCELIUM SAMPLE
Having a pre-defined goal as a criteria for succes is difficult, by the dynamics of the experiment, and relies heavily on experience.
SOURCE: GROWFOLK .CO. ZA
BIO [LOGIC]
SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES
“THE AMBER FORT JALIS” 1727
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
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COLLABORATORS
EXPERTS IN TECHNOLOGY, CULTIVATION AND SITE
ADRIEN RIGOBELLO
NINA ELLINGER
Research Assistant, Ph.D CITA kglakademi
Head of office, India (retired) DanChurch Aid
Mycelium and mycotecture researcher. Experienced mycelium cultivator.
10 years of experience with foreign development projects in India, collaborating with local Indian NGOs. Dalit rights expert.
ROLE: Mycology training. Scientific advisor. Prototype design feedback.
ROLE: Hypothesis development and sparring. Insight into India.
MALAVI YA
MALAVI YA
Mycelium and mycotecture researcher. Experienced mycelium cultivator.
STITUTE OF T EC L IN A HN N IO
AIPUR YJ OG OL
NA T
Urban agriculture company. Copenhagen Denmark.
STITUTE OF T EC L IN A HN N IO
AIPUR YJ OG OL
NA T
BYGAARD
ROLE: Donating mycelium for pre-testing.
[CSE] Center for Science and Environment National NGO, India.
Intersection between national/regional climate monitoring and reporting and sustainable economic development. Owners of “Down-to-Earth” blog. Political advocacy.
JAIPUR MUSHROOM FARM MALAVI YA
MALAVI YA
Local mushroom grower, cultivating local mycelium.
NA T
Mushroom farm.
STITUTE OF T EC L IN A HN N IO
AIPUR YJ OG OL
STITUTE OF T EC L IN A HN N IO
AIPUR YJ OG OL
NA T
ROLE: Hypothesis development and sparring.
MNIT JAIPUR
Department of Architecture and Planning Specific knowledge and hands own experience with local conditions, strains and cultivation methodologies, as well as cultural implications.
ROLE: Mycelium supplier. ROLE: Feedback / insight in local mycology
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
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/
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05
PLANNING TIMELINE & BUDGET
HAVELI GATE - DHUN - 26.11.23
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
30
/
X
LED-CONTROLS FOR PHOTO DOCUMENTATION
OVERVIEW COMPONENT DIAGRAM
HEPA AIR FILTER SUBSTRATE TREATMENT CHAMBER
SLIDING BRACKETS
[GL]
MYCELIUM BIO-REACTOR (3 Species) + INOCULATION STILL-AIR WORKING CHAMBER
[PO]
MYCELIUM TILE INCUBATION CHAMBERS (3 levels of testing) 1: LAB 2: MIN.TECH / LO-TEK 3: NO TECH / CONTROL
LEDS
[1]
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
[2]
PHASE REASERCH
[3]
31
/
X
TIMELINE 25 Sep - 01 Oct M
T
W
T
F
02 Oct - 08 Oct S
S
M
T
W
T
F
TESTING AT KADK + DHUN
09 Oct - 15 Oct S
S
M
T
W
T
F
16 Oct - 22 Oct S
S
M
T
W
T
F
23 Oct - 29 Oct S
S
M
T
W
T
F
30 Oct - 05 Nov S
S
M
T
W
T
F
06 Nov - 12 Nov S
S
M
T
W
T
F
13 Nov - 19 Nov S
S
M
T
W
T
F
20 Nov - 26 Nov S
S
M
T
W
T
F
27 Nov - 03 Dec S
S
M
T
W
T
F
04 Dec - 10 Dec S
S
M
T
W
T
F
11 Dec - 17 Dec S
S
M
T
W
T
F
18 S
S
M
Acquire spawn + substrate Mycology training Inoculation 01 Incubate MBC mix Breakdown + mold Incubate molds Harvest tiles + test performance DATE-OF-DEPARTURE DHUN Design molds Produce molds + testing requirements Design prototype Prototype production Packing DATE-OF-DEPARTURE DHUN Assembly Inoculation Growth + testing Site analysis and program development FLIGHT HOME
PRELIMINARY TESTING KADK
FIELDWORK DHUN
TILE PRODUCTION AND TREATMENT TESTS
TILE DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCTION OF TILES FROM JAIPUR MYCELIUM.
Reishi spawn Birchwood fiber + black tea waste Controlled conditions
3d modelling and testing of tile.
Mycelium colonized produced in mushroom farming is discarded after harvest. Collected mycelium mass from local mushroom farms is used, in order to reach a testable tile, within the period of our visit to DHUN.
Parameters: Thickness / thermal performance. Optimizing surface area for inoculation speed.
Alt. / Addition.: Mycelium waste from bygaarden. Tests: Surface treatments / water resistance / thermal performance
Tests: Simulations.
With the collected mycelium colonies, different substrate types wil be tested for their viability and performance as parts of mycelium composites. Additionally, different degrees of environmental control will be a test parameter, so investigate the viability of low-tech mycelium composite material production.
PROPERGATING LOCAL STRAINS OF MYCELIUM FORAGED AT DHUN IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. Due to the timeframe required to propergate mycelium samples, it is not possible to produce tile samples from foraged native mycelium within the duration of our stay in DHUN. As the prototype will be left behind, there is a possiblity to leave further testing in the hands of the DHUN team (if they are interested). In this way I will be able to include data from native strains in my 4th semester work. TESTS: SUBSTRATE, TILE QUALITY, SURFACE FINISH.
Local strains are likely to be medicinal/gourment mushroom strains. Not necessarily native?
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
TESTS: SUBSTRATE, TILE QUALITY, SURFACE FINISH.
PHASE REASERCH
32
/
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PLANNING
BUDGET
TOTAL COSTS AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
18.420 DKK PHASE REASERCH
33
/
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06
FIELDWORK ASSEMBLY & TESTING
DHUN - ANTILOPES IN THE FIELD - 06.12.23
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
34
/
X
VENTILATION PVC-TUBE CONNECTION STUD MOUNTED TO TRAY
GLOVE MOUNTING BRACKETS + O-RING
LATE NIGHTS WITH LIGHT INSTALLATION
STILL-AIR CHAMBER COLONY CHAMBERS + ALUMINUM RIDGE
STILL-AIR CHAMBER COLONY CHAMBERS + ALUMINUM RIDGE
LATE NIGHTS WITH LIGHT INSTALLATION
ALUMINUM RIDGE ATTACHMENT
INSTALLING HIGH-PERFORMANCE INSULATION FOR LAB-TRAY
ASSEMBLY AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
35
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LED FITTING
CHAMBER LID HINGE + CROSS STABILIZING CORD
LED LAMP ARRAYS
STILL-AIR CHAMBER GLOVES
HEPA-FILTER FOR LAB-TRAY
AIRFLOW CONTROLLER
CABLE MANAGEMENT (OR LACK THEREOF)
DETAILS AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
BASE OF THE STILL-AIR CHAMBER
HEPA AIR-FLOW FAN
PHASE REASERCH
36
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SUBSTRATE COLLECTION
MUSTARD SEED RESIDUE (STRAW)
MILLET RESIDUE (STRAW)
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
37
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X
COLD WATER STERILIZATION WITH CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
TREATMENT AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
38
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SAMPLE GROWTH
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
3 INCUBATORS TRAYS
PHASE REASERCH
39
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SUB COMPONENTS AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
40
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ASSEMBLY
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
TESTING SUBSTRATE
PHASE REASERCH
41
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Test 1:Test 1: Test 1: Inoculator 01: Control Inoculator 01: Inoculator Control 01: Control
TESTING
Test 2:Test 2: Test 2: Inoculator 03: Lab Inoculator 03: Inoculator Lab 03: Lab
CLIMATIC CONTROL INITIAL INCUBATION INITIAL INITIAL INCUBATION INCUBATION INOCULATION INOCULATION INOCULATION IN TENT IN TENT IN TENT
INCUBATORS 1, 2 AND 3 AFTER INOCULATION
TEMP. TEMP. TEMP.
INCUBATOR 03:03: INCUBATOR INCUBATOR 03: CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL
LOGGER 01:01: LOGGER LOGGER INCUBATOR INCUBATOR INCUBATOR 01: READOUT LAB READOUT READOUT LAB LAB
INCUBATOR 02:02: INCUBATOR INCUBATOR 02:LOGGER LOGGER LOGGER LOW-TECH LOW-TECH LOW-TECH READOUT READOUT READOUT
RH% RH% RH%
27.11.2023 26.11.2023 28.11.2023 29.11.2023 30.11.2023 01.12.2023 02.12.2023 03.12.2023 04.12.2023 05.12.2023 06.12.2023 07.12.2023 08.12.2023 08.12.2023 09.12.2023 10.12.2023 11.12.2023 27.11.2023 27.11.2023 26.11.2023 26.11.2023 11.12.2023 11.12.2023 28.11.2023 28.11.2023 29.11.2023 29.11.2023 30.11.2023 30.11.2023 01.12.2023 01.12.2023 02.12.2023 02.12.2023 03.12.2023 03.12.2023 04.12.2023 04.12.2023 05.12.2023 05.12.2023 06.12.2023 06.12.2023 07.12.2023 07.12.2023 08.12.2023 08.12.2023 08.12.2023 08.12.2023 09.12.2023 09.12.2023 10.12.2023 10.12.2023 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00
50°C 50°C 50°C
100% 100% 100% 90% 90% 90%
40°C 40°C 40°C
80% 80% 80%
38.8°C 38.8°C38.8°C
70% 70% 70% 30°C 30°C OPTIMAL 30°C OPTIMAL OPTIMAL
60% 60% 60%
GROWTH GROWTH GROWTH TEMPERATURE. TEMPERATURE. TEMPERATURE.
50% 50% 50% 40% 40% 40%
20°C 20°C 20°C
30% 30% 30% 10°C 10°C 10°C
20% 20% 20%
6.9°C 6.9°C 6.9°C
10% 10% 10%
0°C 0°C0°C
0% 0%0% HOBO-DATALOGGERS
INCUBATORS 1, 2 AND 3 DURING THE DAY - SUN COVER REMOVED
TRAY FROM BELOW, UNINSULATED
TRAY, UNLOADED
AEE
The goal was to monitor the environmental conditions in multiple incubators simultaneously with the HOBO dataloggers, but one of the two borrowed HOBO sensors was found to be damaged, when I tried to set it up after arriving in India. Data from the HOBO loggers shows that the tile molds were only in their optimal growth temperature zone for 40.1% of the growth time. The growth progress of [GL] based MBC colonies is known to be around 4 to 7 days with similar spawn-to-substrate concentration ratios in optimal temperature conditions. This indicates that the overall speed of MBC production was somewhere between 1.5 and 2 times slower than normal, in the winterseason environmental conditions, at a fraction of the cost of the equipment.
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
LAB CHAMBER GROWTH AFTER 12 DAYS
PHASE REASERCH
42
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07
FINDINGS RESULTS & OBSERVATIONS
DHUN - MYCELIUM SAMPLE 1.4 - REISHI + MUSTARD SEED STRAW - 15.12.23
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
43
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X
RESULTS INCUBATOR 1 Control
INCUBATOR 2 Low-tech
INCUBATOR 3 Lab
AEE
INDIA
MILLET OYSTER
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
MUSTARD OYSTER
MILLET REISHI
MUSTARD REISHI
PHASE REASERCH
44
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TILES AIR HOLES
TILE MOLD CONTAINER WITH - OYSTER / MILLET STRAW
MOISTURE LEVELS WERE MEASURED TO EVALUATE WATER LOSS
MUSTARD SEED STRAW + REISHI SAMPLE
AEE
INDIA
23/24
MILLET + REISHI SAMPLE
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
45
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COLONY CONTAINERS Climatic control a
STILL-AIR CHAMBER CONTAINER
N/A
WORKING IN STILL-AIR CHAMBER
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
46
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CONCLUSION AEE
INDIA
23/24
FUTURE PROSPECTS OF MBCs UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
47
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08
REFLECTIONS FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
DHUN - MORNING FOG OVER BEAN FIELD - 13.12.23
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
48
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RECEPTION
REFLECTIONS OF POTENTIALS - Collaborations with locals. - SCP conclusion. - The test demonstrates that it is feasible. - Potentials were recognized and the project was met with appriciation.
AEE
INDIA
23/24
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
PHASE REASERCH
49
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INTERVIEWS
“Nowadays, everything is new, modern styles. “In Rajasthan, Jaipur, we have all seasons. Everyone is going for the glass buildings, and There is rain, there is winter, there is summer. those actually don’t work in Rajasthan ” We have to fight with all seasons.” TRANSCRIBED INTERVIEW 0:00:00 My name is Uffe. I’m from the Royal Danish Academy of Architecture. I’m just going to start off with some general questions and if you can answer in full sentences, so if I say “what’s your name” you say “my name is ...” Yeah so let’s start with that. What is your name? I’m Vijay Sharma. And what is your role in the DHUN project? I’m the project in charge for the head of the project for all the projects coming up in DHUN. 0:00:48 Okay so you’re head project manager of the architectural... I am heading the project management division. Okay, cool. You must be a busy person. How long have you been working with DHUN? DHUN, In the last 5 months I am working here. And what is your background? Did you do architecture school? I’m a civil engineer by profession and then worked for many 5 star hotels across country and very luxury brands of the hotel and institutional building Of course, of course Hotels like Oberoi, Taj, ITC, Marriott Hotel, Westin Then I worked for ISB, Indian School of Business.
AEE
INDIA
23/24
0:01:39 In between I worked for Art Deco Palace in Jodhpur, Udaybhawan Palace. It’s a very famous Art Deco Palace. So I renovated that palace for 3 years. And that’s my background. So that’s like what, 30, 20 years? Almost 38 years now. Wow, okay. That’s five, six times the amount of time I have been studying architecture [5.5 timas as long, red.]. But I am really interested in learning about the challenges of building in Rajasthan. So could you tell me, maybe first of all, what has been some of the favorite projects you are involved with? 0:02:24 You mentioned the restoration of the old palace? Well, there are multiple because I always work with the iconic projects. It’s not necessarily in Rajasthan, across country. In Rajasthan, I work for Oberoi Raj Vilas Hotel, which is one of the top ten hotels in the country, in the world. And then I work for Umed Bhaun Palace, which I said is an old palace built in 1942 some kind of duration 1942 that’s just about before independence just about before independence and then I renovated that in 1996 to 1999 and that was complete I learned very good detailing part of
UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN
TRANSCRIBED INTERVIEW 0:00:00 Okay, so for the interview I’m just going to start off with some general questions like what is your name? Manoj. Manoj. If you can answer in full sentences, so like my name is Manoj and I work here. So what is your name? My name is Manoj, I’m working here as a project manager and we are making a tent in the completely green area. [sustainable concept, red.] Beautiful. Which is a new thing. We also explore that part of that. Yeah? Nice. And where are you from in India?
0:01:04 Yes, a lot of green, even in the city, but it’s also very dark and cold, so people stay indoors a lot. And for how long have you worked in DUN as a project manager? I’m working here in DUN from two months. In two months, okay. My overall experience is 14 years, but I’m working here from two months. And what is your role in the DHUN project as a project manager? Yeah, I’m a project manager. So you do a daily management of project size and construction?.
0:00:35 I am from Jaipur, Rajasthan. You grew up here in Rajasthan? Yeah, yeah. Born in Jaipur and I grew up here. Nice. So you know the area? Yeah, yeah. Completely. Where did you grow up in Jaipur? In Jaipur, Mansurohar area. Okay. It’s a completely old city in Jaipur. Nice.
0:01:34 Yes. So less drawing and more telling people what to do. Drawing? Like as an architect you are either designing the buildings or you are executing the buildings. No, I execute the buildings. You are executing, ok, nice. And where did you do your architecture studies? From Rajasthan, Jaipur. Ok, so Jaipur University or? No, Aizon School of Architecture.
0:00:49 You were a city kid then? Yeah. Nice. I was too. I grew up in the city in Copenhagen in Denmark. So I didn’t get to explore the landscape as much as a kid. Oh, Denmark? Yeah, Denmark. Denmark is also green, no?
0:01:56 Ok, nice. You mentioned it earlier, but how long have you been practicing architecture? From 14 years. Just in Rajasthan and all over? No, all over India. I worked in PHASE REASERCH
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