and experiences

HOW TO talk about unfinished actions and experiences

Present perfect simple

1 Present perfect simple

FORM Subject Positive (+) Negative (-) Questions (?) 1st p. sing. I have worked. I have fallen. I have not worked. I have not fallen. Have I worked? Have I fallen? 2nd p. sing. You have worked. You have fallen. You have not worked. You have not fallen. Have you worked? Have you fallen? 3rd p. sing. He has worked. He has fallen. He has not worked. He has not fallen. Has he worked? Has he fallen? 1st p. plur. We have worked. We have fallen. We have not worked. We have not fallen. Have we worked? Have we fallen? 2nd p. plur. You have worked. You have fallen. You have not worked. You have not fallen. Have you worked? Have you fallen? 3rd p. plur. They have worked. They have fallen. They have not worked. They have not fallen. Have they worked? Have they fallen? Rule: Subject + have/has + past participle* Subject + have not / has not + past participle*

That’s so weird. I sent it last Monday. Have/has + subject + past participle*?

* Irregular verbs have an irregular past participle. e.g. to eat  eaten to go  gone to write  written

No, I haven’t got anything in the mail yet. Have you already received my invitation? Proefhoofdstuk ©VAN IN

USE

1 Actions at an unspecified time in the past If you talk about actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past but are important or not over yet at the time of speaking. e.g. Darlin has organized a quinceañera before.  Careful, when you want to indicate when it happened, you have to use the past simple. e.g. She organized the party for my cousin in 2020. 2 Accomplishments or life experiences If you talk about accomplishments or experiences in your life up until now. Keywords: already, so far, up until now e.g. So far, I have chosen a theme, a dress and a crown. I have already celebrated my quinceañera. 3 Recent events If you talk about something that happened recently. Keywords: just, recently e.g. I have recently assembled a team for my quinceañera. 4 Unfinished actions If you talk about an action that hasn’t happened, hasn’t started or hasn’t finished yet. Keyword: yet e.g. She hasn’t sent out the invitations for the quinceañera yet.  Careful, you only use this with questions or negative sentences. Proefhoofdstuk ©VAN IN

2 Irregular verbs

Base form Past simple Past participle My notes arise arose arisen

be

was/were been bear bore born/borne beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bet bet bet bid bid/bade bid/bidden bite bit bitten blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built burst burst burst buy bought bought cast cast cast catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut deal dealt dealt dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found Proefhoofdstuk ©VAN IN fly flew flown

forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven

Base form Past simple Past participle My notes freeze froze frozen

get got got/gotten

give gave

given go went gone grow grew grown hang hanged/hung hanged/hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept know knew known lay laid laid lead led led leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain light lit/lighted lit/lighted lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid prove proved proved/proven put put put quit quit quit read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said Proefhoofdstuk ©VAN IN see saw seen

seek sought sought sell sold sold

Base form Past simple Past participle My notes send sent sent

set set set

shake shook shaken shine shone/shined shone/shined shoot shot shot show showed shown shut shut shut sing sang sung sink sank sunk sit sat sat sleep slept slept slide slid slid speak spoke spoken spend spent spent split split split spread spread spread stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck strike struck struck swear swore sworn swim swam swum take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown understand understood understood undertake undertook undertaken upset upset upset wake woke woken wear wore worn win won won wind wound wound Proefhoofdstuk ©VAN IN write wrote written