Jewish News Supplement Healthcare (June 2024)

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HEALTHCARE in the Jewish Community

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Dear

Readers,

HEALTHCARE

Good health is one of those things that should never be taken for granted – no matter a person’s age – and something that should take priority in our lives. Fortunately, across Tidewater and the Jewish world, there are plenty of professionals working to provide the tools, tests, procedures, and programs to allow us to maintain the best possible physical and mental conditions.

Jody Alperin, PsyD, for example, has assisted with Higher Ground, a non-profit organization which offers therapeutic recreational trips for those in need. Her story is on page 23.

Rabbi Alexander Seinfeld, author of Body & Soul: The Torah Path to Food, Fitness and a Healthy Life, shares how the Torah and Talmud view healthy eating, food challenges, and more. It’s an interesting and helpful assessment. Page 19.

Steven Warsof, MD, started an exchange program with medical students between Tidewater’s EVMS and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University in Safed, Israel about 12 years ago. Two Israeli students are now learning in Norfolk. The article about the program, including a brief interview with one of the students, is on page 24.

Other articles in this section feature Jewish activism in healthcare, programs that assist patients and their families, medical research being conducted in Israel, and more.

We hope you find some of these articles to be inspiring enough to perhaps change an unhealthy habit and start a new, healthy one and that some of the research and programs are beneficial to your good health now and in the future.

Stay Healthy!

Editor

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Tel Aviv University study reveals mechanism linking heart disease to cancer development

Study sheds light on the potential connection between extracellular bubbles released after a heart attack and an increased risk of cancer

Researchers at Tel Aviv University (TAU) and the Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center at the Sheba Medical Center have found a mechanism responsible for increasing the risk of developing cancer among patients with heart disease. They say that small extracellular bubbles, or vesicles (sEVs), that

are secreted from the sick heart to heal itself are released into the bloodstream and promote the growth of cancer cells throughout the body.

The discovery may improve the protocols for treating heart disease so that clinicians also consider the increased risk of cancer.

The research was conducted under the leadership of Professor Jonathan Leor from the Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute of TAU’s Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and the Taman Institute at Sheba’s Leviev Center, and his student Tal Caller, a medical and research student at TAU’s School of Medicine. The research was published on March 15, 2024, in Circulation

“In 2013, the Israeli cardiologist Tal Hasin showed for the first time that there is a connection between heart failure and cancer,” Caller explains.

“Patients with heart disease are at a higher risk of developing cancer, and since heart disease is already a leading cause of death, many people are at risk.

“Our research revealed that the diseased heart secretes a cancer-promoting factor. These are tiny particles wrapped in a simple membrane, which all cells secrete, but because of heart damage, these vesicles are released in greater quantities and contain factors related to inflammation, healing, growth, creation of new blood vessels, and changes in the immune system. These vesicles move through the circulatory system and eventually reach the tumor or the pre-cancerous tissue.”

“Many theories have been proposed to explain the increased risk of cancer in heart patients,” says Professor Leor.

“They started with shared risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, and obesity and ended with a single protein or molecule. We showed for the first time that the diseased heart secretes sEVs that contain thousands of different growth factors. These bubbles directly promote the growth of certain tumors and also modulate the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to tumor growth.

“We treated the animals with spironolactone at a very early stage of the disease and found that the heart secreted 30% fewer sEVs and the cancerous tumors grew more slowly. Our experiment shows that it is possible to intervene in heart disease in a way that reduces the risk of cancer among heart patients.”

“It may be necessary to adjust the existing treatments for the heart so that they also consider the risk of cancer,” Caller concludes. “In addition, it is possible to find biomarkers among heart patients that will indicate an increased risk of cancer, since not all patients are at an increased risk. This is basic research, and much work is still required to unravel the connection between the two.”

The study was funded by the Israel Cancer Association and the Israel Science Foundation.

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HEALTHCARE

Body, Soul and Summertime HEALTHCARE

Rabbi Alexander Seinfeld

Food is always a Jewish topic, and every Shabbat and Jewish holiday are new opportunities to overindulge.

Maimonides famously says (Deot 4:15) that overeating is unhealthy and everyone knows that keeping healthy makes good sense. But to what extent is a healthy body, per se, a Torah issue?

Anyone who suspects that health and fitness is only a modern concern might consider the Talmud’s opinion: Rav Huna said to his son, Rabah, “Why aren’t you a disciple of Rav Chisda, whose teachings are sharp?” He said, “Why should I – whenever I go, he lectures me on mundane matters. For example, he gave me instructions on how to relieve myself safely.” He said, “He’s immersed in matters of health and you call them mundane? All the more so should you go to him!” Shabbos 82a

This Talmudic ethic echoes a midrashic warning that the vast majority of people die prematurely due to neglecting their health and well-being:

Ninety-nine percent die before their time due to neglecting their health. - Midrash Raba

When I first learned about the mitzvah of guarding your health, many questions came to mind: What are the parameters of the mitzvah? Is it possible that the ultimate guide to ethics and holiness includes guidance on food, exercise, and other specific health topics? Might the Torah’s

approach to health provide guidance in addressing major public health challenges such as obesity and COVID-19?

Years of researching these questions in the Torah literature has culminated in a collection of more than 60 major teachings, some of which have never before been translated. The health topics covered by the Torah include:

• Holy eating

• Healthy eating

• Sugar, obesity, and healthy weight

• Special Jewish food challenges

• Exercise

• Sleep

• How to raise children with healthy habits

The first step on this journey is to develop a Torah-guided relationship to the body. Mastering this framework is the key to longterm changes. Changing a habit temporarily is relatively easy, but long-term sustained change in even a single habit is one of the hardest challenges in life. Motivation is key, and learning a Torah body-framework will hopefully lead to an increase in overall well-being for all who make a modicum of effort. In the long term, a healthier

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body-relationship should lead to a longer life that is more thoughtful, disciplined, spiritual, and elevated.

Yet even someone immersed in Torah wisdom can sometimes lack motivation to consistently pursue healthy daily living. At such times, I personally try to recall the words of Rav Shimshon Raphael Hirsch:

A person can only reach his fullest spiritual potential if he is physically strong, per the Talmud, Shabbat 92a. As much as summertime and Shabbat and Jewish holidays are food challenges, they are also an opportunity. Every time you consciously make something even slightly healthier – by reducing the sugar or increasing the vegetables – you’re fulfilling a mitzvah. When you encourage healthy habits in children, you’re giving them a lifelong gift.

Adapted from the book, Body & Soul: The Torah Path to Food, Fitness and a Healthy Life. To contact the author, visit TorahHealth.org or follow the Body & Soul class on TorahAnytime.com.

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Rabbi Alexander Seinfeld

THROUGH YOUNG-ADULT BUDDY SYSTEM, CHILDREN OF CANCER PATIENTS FIND SUPPORT HEALTHCARE

Sylvie Slotkin was already struggling with her mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic when, before her sophomore year of high school, she learned that her mother, Lisa, had breast cancer.

Slotkin, now a freshman at Northwestern University, recalls thinking, “Things really don’t need to be worse right now than they already are — and then they got worse.”

While her mother was able to speak with women who underwent chemotherapy and mastectomies to learn more about her condition and what to expect, Slotkin did not know any peers whose mothers had breast cancer and might have been able to offer reassurance.

“If I had someone validate how I was feeling, I would have been much better off,” Slotkin says.

After her mother was treated and her cancer went into remission, Slotkin, now 18, decided she wanted to help ensure that other Jewish young adults in her situation had more support. She’s currently helping Sharsheret, the national Jewish breast cancer and ovarian cancer organization, build up its network of adults ages 18 to 25 with experiences similar to hers so they can support peers with a parent undergoing cancer care.

YAD: The Young ADult Caring Corner at Sharsheret, dedicated by Joy and Michael Goldsmith and family, helps young adults understand their loved ones’ cancer diagnoses, manages a website about cancer for young adults, and provides peer support through a buddy system that pairs mentors whose loved ones have also had a breast cancer or ovarian cancer diagnosis with other young adults in similar situations.

Creating peer networks is one of many services Sharsheret provides to women with cancer and their families. The organization also connects cancer patients with mental health professionals, financial aid, and a range of other services.

Sharsheret is trying to promote the YAD resources through social media and word of mouth so that more young adults can access and utilize the buddy system and digital offering, and by Sharsheret providing information about the program to medical professionals who can refer patients’ families to YAD.

When a young adult reaches out to Sharsheret, a social worker conducts an intake interview to learn about that person’s experience.

“We look to figure out, based on their story, who is the best buddy or mentor for us to connect them to,” says Ellen Kleinhaus, Sharsheret’s director of national programs.

The organization also provides training for mentors, including instructions on what to say and not say, conversation starters, sample role plays, and the importance

of maintaining confidentiality.

“We try to give them that comfort level so that when they are speaking to someone who’s reaching out to them for support, they know how to respond,” Kleinhaus says.

Maya Charak’s mother, Meredith, learned in the summer of 2023 that she had the BRCA genetic mutation, which carries an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. BRCA mutations are much more common among Ashkenazi Jewish women than among the general population. Two weeks later, Meredith Charak was diagnosed with breast cancer.

Sharsheret representatives connected her with other women who had survived breast cancer, provided print and digital resources with tips on how to make her treatment easier, and sent care packages that included a robe to wear after her surgery.

“Sharsheret made her feel there was someone that cared for her at all times,” says her daughter, Maya, now a senior at Washington University in St. Louis.

These days Maya and a friend, Sophie Warsetsky, whose mother is also a breast cancer survivor, are training to become YAD mentors.

great-aunt also had cancer.

“We all know someone that’s impacted by cancer, and we have a hard enough time as adults going through that,” says Lisa Slotkin, Sylvie’s mother. “I can’t even fathom what it’s like for teenagers, for young adults.”

Especially during the pandemic, she notes, “Sylvie was totally isolated and having to deal with this.”

Had Sharsheret’s buddy system existed then, Lisa says, “it would have been amazing for her.”

We all know someone that’s impacted by cancer, and we have a hard enough time as adults going through that.

“I wanted to be able to help support other students who may be going through something similar, and just let them know that they are not alone — because it can feel really isolating,” Warsetsky says.

The two students also helped organize Sharsheret Pink Day, an annual global awareness and unity movement where thousands of people share information about Sharsheret’s vital programs and services to raise awareness about breast cancer, cancer genetics, and generate life-saving conversations.

The Chabad on Campus Washington University in St. Louis’ program was among more than 200 Pink Day initiatives nationally at colleges, Jewish day schools, organizational partners and businesses in February. That was a significant increase from 2023, when there were 140 such events.

Volunteers baked pink challah and collected items to donate to healthcare providers for women undergoing cancer treatment or surgery.

Slotkin helped organize the Pink Day celebration at Northwestern, and talked about her personal experience at a mandala therapeutic art workshop webinar that drew over 300 registrants. These days her mother is healthy and Slotkin is no longer depressed, but she is nervous about her own chances of being diagnosed with cancer one day. Both her grandfathers, a grandmother and her

The impetus for the creation of YAD came from Amanda Goldsmith, the daughter of Joy and Michael Goldsmith. When Joy was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2017, she used Sharsheret’s peer-to-peer network to connect with a cancer survivor. But Amanda, then a college student at New York University, had no such opportunity. Once her mother was cancer free, Amanda launched an initiative to recruit college students in New York City to become involved with Sharsheret. She established a local student board for the organization and students began reaching out to her for advice.

Amanda recalled meeting one young woman at a loss for what to do after her mother’s diagnosis.

“I am so sorry for what you’re going through,” she told her. “I would love to support you in any way.” Thus was born the idea for the YAD buddy system.

“There is always comfort to anyone at any age in knowing that someone has experienced and persevered through the hurdles that they are now facing,” says Joy Goldsmith. Explaining her family’s decision to underwrite YAD’s development, she adds, “We have been often taught to pay it forward. This led us to partnering with Sharsheret and developing YAD.”

Slotkin says she is glad that with YAD she has a way to channel something positive out of the painful and challenging experience of her mother’s cancer diagnosis.

“If I can make something beautiful out of something that’s not beautiful, I want to do that,” Slotkin says.

To learn more about Sharsheret, YAD: Young ADult Caring Corner or Sharsheret Pink Day, click here or contact info@sharsheret.org.

This article was sponsored by and produced in partnership with Sharsheret, the national Jewish breast cancer and ovarian cancer organization. This article was produced by JTA’s native content team.

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JScreen for healthy futures

In association with Emory University, JScreen offers comprehensive genetic screening with at-home testing on saliva. This screening tool can be used for both reproductive purposes and for determining genetic changes that may increase the risk of certain cancers. The non-profit also provides a robust education program.

For reproductive testing, a drop-down menu on JScreen’s website allows the user to choose from 10 different ethnicity or genetic risk assessments. An Ashkenazi Jewish individual, for example, would be screened for 19 different diseases and syndromes – such as Gaucher disease – to determine if they might be a carrier. This information helps in ascertaining the risk of a child inheriting a genetic disease. For reproductive purposes, this screening is recommended for people ages 18 - 45.

The JScreen cancer screening works similarly, with a drop-down menu offering screening for genetic changes that may impact the lifetime risk of breast, ovarian, prostate, uterine, colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric cancers. This screening is recommended for individuals 21 years and older.

To participate, a user completes an online, secure kit request through the registration process. JScreen then obtains a test order from an ordering physician and mails the saliva collection kit to the user; a pre-paid envelope is included to then forward the sample to the lab. In about three weeks, the results are complete, and a 15-20-minute phone consultation with a genetic counselor follows to explain the findings. When the entire process is complete, a copy of the results is securely shared with the participant.

Prices for the screening range from $149 to $599, depending on the type of screening and insurance benefits. Financial assistance is available thanks to the generosity of donors.

For more information, go to jscreen.org.

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HEALTHCARE

Jewish fertility group is helping Alabama clients undergo IVF elsewhere after state’s explosive ‘fetal personhood’ ruling

Jackie Hajdenberg

(JTA) — A Jewish organization that helps families have children says its clients now face a “worst-case scenario” after the Alabama Supreme Court classified frozen embryos as unborn children.

The Jewish Fertility Foundation is funding out-of-state treatments for some Alabama clients after the ruling earlier this year largely halted in-vitro fertilization, or IVF, treatments in the state, as clinics could face prosecution should embryos be destroyed or otherwise become unviable over the course of the procedure.

often turn to IVF, which creates embryos outside the womb and allows them to be screened for genetic diseases before they are transferred to the uterus. That has made the process an attractive option for Jewish couples who have a higher propensity to carry genetic diseases or genes that increase the risk of cancer, in addition to Jewish couples with other fertility challenges.

as it did,” Elana Frank, CEO and founder of the foundation, says. In 2022, the group did say it feared that IVF treatments could be endangered by the Dobbs decision.

The ruling is a result of the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson decision, which removed federal abortion protections and allowed states to define when life legally begins. The Alabama ruling has caused national controversy, as well as criticism from advocates of abortion rights.

Women and couples who face difficulty conceiving

Best wishes for another

Now, the Jewish Fertility Foundation, which provides infertility education, grants, and emotional support to families dealing with infertility, says some of its Alabama clients are facing wrenching dilemmas. The foundation has about 50 clients in Birmingham in any given year, and they now must overcome additional hurdles to have children, such as traveling out of state for their treatments, which adds extra expenses.

“This was kind of the worst-case scenario post-Dobbs. And the truth is, is that we didn’t see it coming as quickly

Frank told JTA after the February court ruling that she hoped to see Alabama’s legislature quickly address the issue in favor of her clients. The state now appears poised to enact legislation shielding patients and providers from prosecution — but there’s a risk that courts could strike the new law down, adding to a roller coaster ride for families that can interrupt the IVF process, which must be carried out according to a precise timeline.

Still, Frank says she was hopeful, noting, “There’s a potential that the clinics will reopen.”

In the meantime, the foundation is funding IVF treatment in Atlanta for at least one woman who had been receiving treatment at the University of Alabama, Birmingham and whose treatments are not covered out of state, says Sarah Shah, the foundation’s director of operations.

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Reaching an emotional higher ground

Stephanie Peck

A psychotherapist in Norfolk since 1995, Jody Alperin has assisted on two trips with Higher Ground, a non-profit organization which offers therapeutic recreational trips to veterans, first-responders, and children and adults with developmental, cognitive, or physical disabilities. These trips “combine outdoor recreation activities with therapeutic processes to help all participants confront current struggles and develop skills to find success in daily life,” according to Higher Ground’s website.

Raised in South Florida and a graduate of Oberlin College in Ohio, Alperin moved to Norfolk to earn her Doctor of Psychology at the Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology. After graduating, she joined Churchland

Psychological Center where she has been in private practice counseling patients, including active-duty and retired military personnel and their families.

Alperin learned about Higher Ground through colleagues and has accompanied these trips as a mental health professional, helping groups of eight - 12 veterans (and their partners or supporters) who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder, military sexual trauma, polytrauma, traumatic brain injuries, and mental health challenges. “I don’t do therapy,” she says. “I provide support.”

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Higher Ground trips are offered throughout the United States and expenses are fully covered by the organization (Alperin receives a stipend for her participation).

Among the recreational options are kayaking, mountain biking, skiing, and photography. Alperin’s trips have taken her to Abilene, Texas, where she went bass fishing for six days last November, and to Laguna Beach, Calif. in April, for a week of water sports. Each day is structured with a theme that permeates the activities, beginning with mindful movement, followed by the recreational therapy activity, and ending with a processing group.

Participants are vetted, since the activities can be challenging. “Some of the activities can also be triggering,” she adds.

“Some people are stuck because of mental health issues,” Alperin says. These trips offer a supportive environment, especially for veterans who are not connected within their veteran communities back home. “Higher Ground gives them community,” she says.

Alperin says she would like to join another Higher Ground trip in the future. She also promotes the organization to her veteran patients when she thinks an individual may benefit from this experience. As the website says, “It’s the power of human nature, activated by the wonders of Mother Nature.”

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HEALTHCARE

Student exchange between EVMS and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in Israel resumes post-COVID

Stephanie Peck

In early June, two Israeli medical students arrived in Norfolk to study at Eastern Virginia Medical School. As part of an exchange program, two EVMS students will travel to study at the Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University in Safed, Israel.

Dr. Steven Warsof, EVMS professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, conceived of this exchange about 12 years ago after reading of the new medical school in Israel. He emailed, asking if he could help, and soon found himself travelling to Safed to meet faculty and give lectures.

The student exchange continued each year until it was paused due to COVID. After the pandemic, Warsof returned to Safed to continue teaching.

The initial exchange was formalized by a five-year contract between EVMS and its Israeli counterpart; the two parties renewed for an additional five years. While the contract expired during COVID, Warsof received an email this April asking if

Israeli students could again return to EVMS.

A female Israeli Druze student and a male Israeli student were selected for the opportunity. Two Jewish families in Ghent, walking distance to EVMS, offered to host the students. Each Israeli medical student receives a $2,500 stipend from the Tidewater Jewish community, and EVMS donors provide the funds for their medical students travelling to Israel.

“Students go to Israel to see a different healthcare system, along with the cultural experience,” says Warsof, explaining the appeal of studying in Israel.

Warsof credits three colleagues for their roles in re-introducing the medical student exchange. In Norfolk, EVMS President, Provost and Dean Dr. Alfred Abuhamad and Dr. George Saade, chair of EVMS Obstetrics and Gynecology and Associate Dean for Women’s Health, approved the students’ travel and studies in the United States.

Inbar Ben Shacher, M.D. Obstetrics and Gynecology Chair, Ziv Medical Center, head of Internal Audit Committee, Bar-Ilan University, worked on behalf of his Israeli students to travel to Norfolk.

Meet Israeli med school student Nimrod Truzman

Stephanie Peck

Hend Hino and Nimrod Truzman are the two Israeli medical students studying at Eastern Virginia Medical School as part of a one-month exchange program with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University.

As they finish their sixth year of medical school in Israel (the equivalent to the fourth year in the United States), Truzman and Hino will return to Israel and start their internship year – 12 months of rotation through various departments, before committing to a residency program in their fields of interest.

“I wish I could stay in the United States longer, but I have finals in August to attend,” shares Truzman, a native of Ra’anana near Tel Aviv.

When asked how the atrocities of October 7 impacted his studies, Truzman explains that medical school did not restart until a month or two later. During this time, he volunteered in a hospital, caring for injured civilians and soldiers in neurosurgery and orthopedics. He describes it as a “unique experience.

“Everyone just wanted to help, even to change the trash. It was a great honor to help,” he says. Truzman is not certain which medical specialty he’ll pursue, although he’s leaning towards Obstetrics and Gynecology. “That’s why I wanted to take part in this exchange program,” he says.

24 | JEWISH NEWS | June 17, 2024 | jewishnewsva.org
Nimrod Truzman. Dr. Steven Warsof with Madrichot in the Israeli army. Hend Hino.

Restrained women eaters can still enjoy high-calorie foods with less anxiety through flexibility training according to new Hebrew University study

Women who are restrained eaters to control their weight can still appreciate high-calorie foods with training to respond more flexibly to food cues, according to a new study by Hebrew University of Jerusalem researchers published in the Journal of Food Disorders.

Restrained eaters are individuals who chronically avoid eating to reduce their weight and hold negative attitudes toward food. Previous attempts to disrupt this pattern by encouraging the complete elimination of inhibitory food responses resulted in increased food consumption but also elevated food-related anxiety. The current study tested whether training restrained eaters to respond more flexibly to food would increase positive attitudes toward food.

The researchers, Ph.D. student Shir Berebbi and a team supervised by Prof. Eyal Kalanthroff in the Hebrew University Psychology Department recruited 78 females who restricted their eating into three groups. One, in which participants were asked to either respond or inhibit their response to images of food in a computerized task, another where participants were asked to respond to all food images, and a third in which participants were asked to inhibit their response to all food images.

“We found that only the flexible group showed more positive attitudes toward food as there were no noticeable changes in the other two groups’ attitudes,” the researchers say. “These findings suggest that encouraging flexible responses/ inhibition to food enhances positive attitudes toward food in individuals who restrict their eating.”

The study involved 78 female participants identified through the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for their restrained eating patterns, characterized by chronic dieting and food intake control. Researchers used psychological evaluations such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and Food Stop-Signal Task (F-SST) to assess

subconscious food attitudes and impulse control. A bogus taste test measured actual food consumption. The study also introduced a flexible food response task, to which participants had to either respond to or inhibit their response to different food stimuli a new approach to understanding eating behaviors.

“Our findings are pivotal as they suggest a new therapeutic avenue that could potentially aid individuals with disordered eating patterns to redefine their attitudes towards food,” says Shir Berebbi. “By advocating for flexibility rather than rigid response or inhibition, we can support more sustainable and healthy eating behaviors.”

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National Senior Health and Fitness Day 2024

Adults over the age of 55 visited the Simon Family JCC to celebrate National Senior Health and Fitness Day on Wednesday, May 29. The day was filled with fun, laughter, health, and fitness – deeming it a huge success.

Vendors from all over Tidewater offered information and gave away little tchotchkes and trinkets for all to enjoy. Tom Purcell’s fitness class danced through the halls giving beads to all– acting as JCC’s own personal Mardi Gras!

During lunch, Dr. Rosanne Leipzig, author of Honest Aging an Insider’s Guide to the Second Half of Life, shared her story and discussed what to do with aging bodies. Everyone left smiling.

After a brief rest and reset, several members returned and ‘danced the night away’ at the Senior Prom. It was a day to remember.

Offered exclusively through the Tidewater Jewish Foundation, the Feldman Family Medical and Health Professions Student Scholarship offers up to $10,000 to Virginia-based Jewish students entering an Appropriate Health Care Degree Program.

your opportunity at

26 | JEWISH NEWS | June 17, 2024 | jewishnewsva.org
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foundation.jewishva.org! LAST CHANCE: Feldman Family Medical Scholarship! HEALTHCARE
BY JULY 1, 2024
Dr. Rosanne Leipzig, author of Honest Aging. Rona Proser, Sherry Barron, Lynn Bell and Alene Kaufman. Harold Smith and Galina Lifshitz. Harold Smith, Harold Smith’s aide, Andrew Wilenbrink, Julie Kievit, Galina Lifshitz, Rhoda Ehrlich, and Joe Goldberg. Barbara Dudley and Dr. Rosanne Leipzig.

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