UK IODP Newsletter June 2022

Page 1

UK

!"#$%"&&"'()*))

+,-"


!"#$%&'#&''()


45 !"#"$%&'()*+#,%+-$.&,$/&0"/+,&1+23*+23%. 4; 677-8%($+%+".&,$/&9:"$%. 4B <7#-=+$2&9>7"/+%+-$

9>7"/+%+-$&5?@&A)"8+,$&0,82+$&',*"-#*+=,%"

CC H-$E&0-88+.

M"N&<OIA6K'&'GP&D3,+8

C5 D(88"$%*E&,%&F",

9>7"/+%+-$&5?5&F-(%3&G%*,$%+#&H8,$."#%&AA&I&7,8%&C

L5 <."J(*&D-$%,#%&K"%,+*.


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`45IC`C5S

45


4,,05$("&$&)'#6#78)"$'

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a"#%&#,$&)"&)"%N""$&bLR444&,$/& bC4R444S Q-(&#,$&,77*E&J-8&%3+.&.#3"="&,%&,$E&%+="&/(8+$2&%3"&#(88"$%&73,."&-J&%3"& 8".",8#3&78-28,=="&WL4L4&%-&L4L;XS 5*)%&.1'&3.,$

9:"$%. DE0+>10F"#G0++0'D#H&$(/.#7@%&-&$&0"#0=#!4:9#I+&)"+)#/"1#J5$ G&/+2+%,*R&5K&">3+)+%+-$&#8",%"/&)E&K8S&0,8+"=&F,,:"/8,I'"**+%"8-&,$/&%3"& Y,7N-8%3&0(."(=&+$&U+8=+$23,=R&">7*-8+$2&.#+"$#"R&,8%&,$/&28+"JS 6*#*'&'2$&$72*8*'*.)

4;


<7#-=+$2&9>7"/+%+-$

7@,)1&$&0"#KLM ./"'01-(21'30-(41%"56%071&" 8598:0";(<60"-&0$&(=1>0?(@5?"%%(AB-0>"'$0&C(5;(817/'0?3"D(&"%%$(,$(1/5,&(&:0$( ,E6570-3("FE"?0&05-(1-?(&:"(G5,'-"C(;'57(213"%%1-(#5'H$:5E(&5($,66"$$;,%(E'5E5$1%((

D3--.+$2&N3"8"&%-&/8+**&+.&-$"&-J&%3"&=-.%&+=7-8%,$%&,#%+:+%+".&+$&N3+#3&%3"&A6K'&.#+"$#"&#-=I =($+%E&+.&"$2,2"/&)"#,(."&.(#3&/"#+.+-$.&/+8"#%*E&/"%"8=+$"&%3"&.(##"..&-J&%3"&78-28,=="S& Y,%"8&%3+.&E",8R&J8-=&CC&6#%-)"8I&CC&K"#"=)"8R&%3"&T6AK9F&!".-*(%+-$&WT!X&N+**&.,+*&%-&%3"&A)"8+,$& =,82+$&-c&'-8%(2,*&%-&#-$/(#%&-7"8,%+-$.&J-8&A6K'&9>7"/+%+-$&5?@&N3"8"&J-(8&78+=,8E&.+%".&N+**& )"&/8+**"/S&H3+.&N+**&)"&%3"&#(*=+$,%+-$&-J&-:"8&,&/"#,/"&-J&7*,$$+$2&%3,%&N-(*/&$-%&3,:"&)""$& 7-..+)*"& N+%3-(%& %3"& .(77-8%& -J& <OIA6K'S& F3"73"8/+$2& ,& /8+**+$2& 78-7-.,*& %38-(23& %3"& A6K'& ":,*(,%+-$& 78-#"..& #,$& )"& ,& *-$2& ">"8#+."& )(%& %3"& 8"N,8/.& ,8"& 3,$/.-="& +$& %3"& "$/S& 1"8"& A& 8":+"N&%3"&3+.%-8E&-J&9>7"/+%+-$&5?@&+$#*(/+$2&%3"&.(##"..".&,$/&3(8/*".&"$#-($%"8"/&,*-$2&%3"& N,ES H3"&"c-8%&%-&/8+**&%3"&A)"8+,$&=,82+$&N,.&+$+%+,%"/&+$&L44?&N3"$&Z,%+=,&G)8,$%".&,$/&A&-82,$+."/& ,$&9D6!K&0,2"**,$&N-8V.3-7&+$&Y+.)-$R&'-8%(2,*S&^"&N"8"&28,/(,%"&.%(/"$%.&%-2"%3"8&+$&%3"& C?_4.&.(7"8:+."/&)E&T+=&O"$$"%%R&.-&+%&+.&,&28",%&7*",.(8"&%-&)"&.,+*+$2&N+%3&=E&-*/&J8+"$/&,$/& #-**",2("&,.&D-ID3+"J&F#+"$%+.%.&-J&9>7"/+%+-$&5?@S&&9,8*E&-$&+%&N,.&#*",8&%3,%&N"&/+/$d%&7-.."..& ,**&%3"&$"#"..,8E&.+%"&.(8:"E&/,%,&%-&.(77-8%&,&J(**&">7"/+%+-$&.%8,+23%&,N,ER&.-&N"&,/-7%"/&,&.%8,%I "2E&-J&.()=+%%+$2&%N-&7,8,**"*&/8+**+$2&78-7-.,*.\&WCX&,$&G$#+**,8E&'8-a"#%&Y"%%"8&WG'YI@`5X&%-&/8+**& ,&.+$2*"&.+%"e&,$/&WLX&A6K'&@@CIZ(**&-(%*+$"/&7*,$.&J-8&,&J(**&B`I/,E&">7"/+%+-$&%-&/8+**&=(*%+7*"&.+%".& ,%&/+c"8"$%&N,%"8&/"7%3.S

4B


'8-7-."/&*-#,%+-$.&-J&78+=,8E&,$/&,*%"8$,%"&.+%".&J-8&9>7"/+%+-$&5?@&%-&%3"&.-(%3N".%"8$&A)"8+,$&=,82+$&-c&'-8%(2,*S

G'YI@`5&)"#,="&F+%"&<C5_B&W%3"&fF3,#V*"%-$&.+%"fX&,$/&N,.&#-=7*"%"/&+$&*,%"&L4CC&N3"$&J-(8& /,E.&-J&/8+**+$2&N"8"&,//"/&%-&9>7"/+%+-$&55?&W0"/+%"88,$",$&6(%J*-NXS&Z+:"&3-*".&N"8"&/8+**"/&,%& F+%"&<C5_B&(.+$2&%3"&,/:,$#"/&7+.%-$&#-8"8&WG'DX&.E.%"=&%-&,&=,>+=(=&/"7%3&-J&~CBBS?&=).JS&& 9>,#%*E&,.&78"/+#%"/R&N"&8"#-:"8"/&,&#-$%+$(-(.&CSB&=+**+-$IE",8I-*/&8"#-8/&-J&3"=+7"*,2+#&."/+I ="$%.&N+%3&,$&,:"8,2"&."/+="$%,%+-$&8,%"&-J&~CC&#=&VEICS&H3"&."g("$#"&N,.&#-=7*"%"&,$/&($/+.I %(8)"/& )E& /-N$.*-7"& %8,$.7-8%& 78-#"..".R& /"=-$.%8,%+$2& %3"& 8"=,8V,)*"& #*+=,%"& ,8#3+:"& 78"."8:"/&+$&A)"8+,$&=,82+$&."/+="$%.S&A%&N"%&-(8&,77"%+%"&J-8&=-8"&/8+**+$2&%-&)"&#-=7*"%"/S& H3"&.%(=)*+$2&)*-#V&J-8&,&J(**&">7"/+%+-$&N,.&%3"&*,#V&-J&,/"g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a(.%&+$&%+="&J-8&%3"&D6hAK&7,$/"=+#S& D6hAK&N8",V"/&3,:-#&N+%3&%3"&.3+7&.#3"/(*"&,$/&">7"/+%+-$.&.,+*"/&N+%3&8"/(#"/&%"#3$+#,*&.%,c& ,$/&J"N&.#+"$%+.%.&-$)-,8/&($%+*&G(2(.%&L4LC&N3"$&-7"8,%+-$.&N+%3&,&.#+"$#"&7,8%E&8".(="/S&Z-8&

4`


9>7"/+%+-$&5?@R&N"&N+**&3,:"&L`&.#+"$%+.%.&+$#*(/+$2&%N-&J8-=&%3"&<O&WK8S&D3(,$2&i(,$&-J&F-(%3I ,=7%-$&.,+*+$2&,.&,&7,*,"-=,2$"%+.%&,$/&="&,.&D-ID3+"J&F#+"$%+.%XS K8+**+$2&%3"&A)"8+,$&=,82+$&N,.&%3"&N+.3&-J&%3"&*,%"&F+8&M+#3-*,.&WM+#VX&F3,#V*"%-$&-J&D,=)8+/2"& N3-R&N-8V+$2&N+%3&7+.%-$&#-8".R&3+23*+23%"/&%3"&."=+$,*&+=7-8%,$#"&-J&%3+.&8"2+-$&J-8&78-:+/+$2& 3+23IJ+/"*+%E&8"#-8/.&-J&=+**"$$+,*I.#,*"&#*+=,%"&:,8+,)+*+%E&W0DhXS&M+#V&/"=-$.%8,%"/&%3,%&.(8J,#"& W7*,$V%+#X& ,$/& /""7& W)"$%3+#X& ->E2"$& +.-%-7"& 8"#-8/.& J8-=& %3"& 8"2+-$& #-(*/& )"& #-$J+/"$%*E& #-88"*,%"/& %-& 7-*,8& +#"& #-8"& 8"#-8/.& +$& P8""$*,$/& ,$/& G$%,8#%+#,R& 8".7"#%+:"*ES& 0-8"-:"8R& %3"& $,88-N& #-$%+$"$%,*& .3"*J& -c& '-8%(2,*& 7"8=+%.& %3"& 8,7+/& /"*+:"8E& -J& %"88".%8+,*& =,%"8+,*& %-& %3"& /""7I.",&"$:+8-$="$%S&Z"NR&+J&,$ER&7*,#".&">+.%&+$&%3"&N-8*/&-#",$&N3"8"&.(#3&/"%,+*"/&*+$V,2".& )"%N""$&/+c"8"$%&7,8%.&-J&%3"&#*+=,%"&.E.%"=&,8"&7-..+)*"S& P8-(7&73-%-&J8-=&%3"&.+%"&.(8:"E&#8(+."&TD4_?&-$&%3"&!"#$%&'(()&WD8"/+%\&TD4_?&D8(+."&!"7-8%X

9:;<=& >"?$@@")& A.,B#2.4C D*#8.)

2009

4@

0*'$ #1,+$,$+*$L

2010 EEFG51@@&")% HIDGEJK #183*''$%

2011

0*'$&01,+$:,1*#$ S"3$#&:..B&MS:TNRP

2012

2013

HIDGEJK %,*@@*$%&M0*'$&(FKNOP %1,*)?&Q;=I&974&KKR

H+="*+$"&,$/&=+*".%-$".&J-8&9>7"/+%+-$&5?@&J8-=&#-$#"7%&+$&L44?&%-&,$%+#+7,%"/&#-=7*"%+-$&*,%"8&%3+.&E",8

2014

5.,L",%$% '.&S<5!

2015

EEFG51@@U EEFGH%%F #183*''$% #183*''$%


H3"&78+=,8E&/8+**+$2&-)a"#%+:".&J-8&9>7"/+%+-$&5?@&,8"&%N-IJ-*/\&& CX&H-&">%"$/&%3"&8"#-8/&-J&F+%"&<C5_B&)"E-$/&CSB&=+**+-$&E",8.&%38-(23&%3"&'*+-I'*"+.%-#"$"e&,$/R& LX& H-& 8"#-:"8& ,& /"7%3& %8,$."#%& -J& .+%".& .7,$$+$2& %3"& J(**& 8,$2"& -J& %3"& =,a-8& .().(8J,#"& N,%"8& =,..".&-J&%3"&M-8%3",.%&G%*,$%+#S A#"&#-8".&J8-=&%3"&7-*,8&8"2+-$.&3,:"&)"#-="&%3"&)"$#3=,8V.&-J&7,.%&#*+=,%"&#3,$2"&)(%&%3"E& 78"."$%*E&-$*E&">%"$/&%-&%3"&*,.%&_44R444&E",8.&II&$"N&/8+**+$2&+$&G$%,8#%+#,&3-7".&%-&">%"$/&%3,%& 8"#-8/&%-&CSB&=+**+-$&E",8.&,2-S&H3"&."/+="$%&#-8".&8"#-:"8"/&/(8+$2&9>7"/+%+-$&5?@&N+**&78-:+/"& #-=7*+="$%,8E&8"#-8/.&%3,%&#,$&)"&#-88"*,%"/&%-&%3"&+#"&#-8".R&,$/&N+**&">%"$/&%3"&3+.%-8E&-J&0Dh&

%

2016

2017 9I0I&0"/$'H44,.+"@

2018

2019

2020

2021 H44,.+$% /., #V2$%1@*)?

2022 Q;=I&974&KRE MFF&;V'&G&FF&=$VP 4_


,.&J,8&),#V&,.&%3"&'*+-#"$"&N3"$&#*+=,%"&N,.&N,8="8&,$/&,%=-.73"8+#&D6L&N,.&.+=+*,8&%-&%-/,ES& !"#-:"8+$2&#-8".&,%&/+c"8"$%&N,%"8&/"7%3.&W,778->S&C544&%-&;@44&=&)"*-N&.",&*":"*X&N+**&7"8=+%& .#+"$%+.%.&%-&.%(/E&3-N&/""7I-#",$&#+8#(*,%+-$&,$/&#3"=+.%8E&#3,$2"/&+$&%3"&7,.%R&+$#*(/+$2&+%.& 8-*"&+$&/""7I.",&#,8)-$&.%-8,2"&,$/&,%=-.73"8+#&D6L&#3,$2".S& 9>7"/+%+-$&5?@&+.&">7"#%"/&%-&8"#-:"8&j`&V=&-J&."/+="$%.S&Z-8&#-=7,8+.-$R&+%&%--V&-(8&28-(7&J+:"& E",8.& -J& #-$%+$(,*& "c-8%& %-& 78-/(#"& %3"& 3+23I8".-*(%+-$& +.-%-7"& 8"#-8/.& -J& F+%"& <C5_B& %3,%& +$:-*:"/&-$*E&J-(8&/,E.&-J&/8+**+$2&,$/&C`_&=&-J&#-=7-.+%"&."#%+-$II&+=,2+$"&%3"&N-8V&+$:-*:"/&+$& 78-#"..+$2&=,%"8+,*&J8-=&BL&/,E.&-J&.3+7&-7"8,%+-$.S&0E&3-7"&+.&%3,%&%3"&."/+="$%&#-8".&8"#-:I "8"/&N+**&)"#-="&=,8+$"&%E7"&."#%+-$.&-J&0Dh&,$/&N+**&)"&78-:+/"&%3"&8,N&=,%"8+,*&$""/"/&J-8& 78"."$%&,$/&J(%(8"&",8%3&.#+"$%+.%.&%-&.%(/E&7,.%&#*+=,%"&J-8&/"#,/".&%-&#-="S& 9>7"/+%+-$&5?@&N+**&)"&=E&.":"$%3&,$/&($/-()%"/*E&*,.%&">7"/+%+-$&-$)-,8/&%3"&T6AK9F&!".-*(I %+-$&,.&%3"&.3+7&+.&8",#3+$2&%3"&"$/&-J&+%.&(%+*+%ES&A&N+**&-c+#+,**E&8"%+8"&J8-=&D,=)8+/2"&+$&L4LB&,$/& #,$&%3+$V&-J&$-&)"%%"8&."$/&-c&%3,$&.,+*+$2&-$"&*,.%&%+="&-$&%3"&T!S&&A&3,:"&8-=,$%+#&:+.+-$.&-J&%3"& %N-&-J&(.&.,+*+$2&-c&+$%-&%3"&.($."%&-8R&*"..&7-"%+#,**ER&%3"&.#8,7&E,8/S&H3"&.,=7*".&,$/&/,%,&Ad:"& #-**"#%"/&-$&%3"&T!&3,:"&)""$&%3"&N"**.78+$2&-J&=E&8".",8#3&#,8""8S&9g(,**E&+=7-8%,$%&3,:"&)""$& %3"&J8+"$/.&,$/&#-**",2(".&A&3,:"&=,/"&-$&%3"&T!&,$/&+$%"8$,%+-$,*&#-**,)-8,%+-$.&".%,)*+.3"/S

Y+$V,2".&)"%N""$&A)"8+,$&=,82+$&=,8+$"&."/+="$%& #-8".R&7-*,8&+#"&#-8".R&,$/&%"88".%8+,*&8"#-8/.&J8-=& 9(8-7"S&0-/+J+"/&J8-=&Fl$#3"]&P-m+&"%&,*S&WL4C_X&

4?


F+8&M+#3-*,.&F3,#V*"%-$n.&7-.%,2"&.%,=7&J8-=&,&#-**"#%+-$&#"*")8,%+$2&5B4&E",8.&-J&%3"&!-E,*&F-#+"%E&WD8"/+%\&!-E,*&0,+*X

'*,$$+$2& +.& ($/"8N,E& J-8& ,& 7-..+)*"& 8"7*,#"="$%& J-8& %3"& T6AK9F& !".-*(%+-$& )(%& %3"& J(%(8"& +.& ($#"8%,+$S&^+**&%3"&*+J"%+="&-J&%3"&T!&)"&">%"$/"/k&&^+**&+%&)"&8"7*,#"/k&&^+**&%3"8"&)"&,&3+,%(.&+$& 8+."8*"..& /8+**+$2k& ^+**& .#+"$%+J+#& -#",$& /8+**+$2& #-$%+$("& )"E-$/& L4L;k& ^"& #,$$-%& ,c-8/& %-& )"& #-=7*,#"$%&/(8+$2&%3+.&%+="&-J&%8,$.+%+-$&)"#,(."&%3"&%3-(23%&-J&#(88"$%&,$/&J(%(8"&2"$"8,%+-$.& -J&9,8%3&F#+"$%+.%.&$-%&3,:+$2&,##"..&%-&%3+.&:,*(,)*"&8".-(8#"&+.&.-)"8+$2S&

C4


<OIA6K'&<7/,%"

950=)''05#N0"?#O055&' !"#(BI9.J=4(4KL(8:10'

An=& 3-$-(8"/& %-& )"& ."*"#%"/& ,.& %3"& $">%& D3,+8& -J& %3"& <OIA6K'& '8-28,=="& G/:+.-8E& P8-(7& W'GPXR&,$/&A&*--V&J-8N,8/&%-&N-8V+$2&N+%3&%3"&'GP&="=)"8.&%-&78-:+/"&,#,/"=+#&*",/"8.3+7&-J& -(8&M9!DIJ($/"/&#-$%8+)(%+-$.&%-&9D6!K&,$/&A6K'S&G.&A&%,V"&-:"8&J8-=&K,=-$&H",2*"&+$&%3+.& 8-*"R&An/&*+V"&%-&%,V"&%3+.&-77-8%($+%E&%-&%3,$V&3+=&J-8&3+.&=,$E&E",8.&-J&-(%.%,$/+$2&*",/"8.3+7&-J& <OIA6K'R&,$/&".7"#+,**E&J-8&">7"8%*E&-8#3".%8,%+$2&%3"&8"$"N,*&-J&%3"&78-28,=="&+$&L4C?R&.(7I 7-8%"/&)E&,&.7"#%,#(*,8*E&#-=7"**+$2&":+/"$#"I),."&-$&%3"&.(##"..&-J&<OIA6K'&#-=7+*"/&)E&3+.& %",=&+$&F-(%3,=7%-$S 0E&-N$&A6K'&a-(8$"E&)"2,$&+$&L44;&N3"$&A&.,+*"/&J-8&%3"&J+8.%&%+="&-$&%3"&T6AK9F&!".-*(%+-$& /(8+$2&A6K'&9>7"/+%+-$&54;o54B&%-&G%*,$%+.&0,..+J&-$&%3"&0+/IG%*,$%+#&!+/2"S&Y+V"&=,$ER&=,$E& -%3"8.&)"J-8"&="R&%3+.&-7"$"/&=E&"E".&%-&,&$"N&N,E&-J&N-8V+$2&),."/&-$&,$&-7"$&">#3,$2"&-J& +/",.&,$/&+$%"$.+:"&#-**,)-8,%+-$&N+%3&.#+"$%+.%.&J8-=&,8-($/&%3"&N-8*/&%-&,#3+":"&,&#-==-$& ,+=S&A&3,:"&.+$#"&)""$&*(#VE&%-&.,+*&-$&J-(8&=-8"&">7"/+%+-$.R&",#3&-J&N3+#3&3,.&8"+$J-8#"/&=E& )"*+"J&+$&%3"&%8,$.J-8=,%+:"&$,%(8"&-J&-(8&.#+"$#"&,$/&%3"&($+g("&.%8"$2%3.&-J&-(8&#-==($+%E&+$& %,#V*+$2& 2*-),**E& .+2$+J+#,$%& 2"-*-2+#,*& ,$/& "$:+8-$="$%,*& 78-#"..".S& A& 3,:"& ,*.-& 8"78"."$%"/& <OIA6K'& -$& %3"& 9D6!K& F#+"$#"& F(77-8%& ,$/& G/:+.-8E& D-==+%%""& W9FFGDXR& +$#*(/+$2& J-(8& E",8.&,.&9FFGD&D3,+8R&,$/&N+**&#-$%+$("&%-&,#%&,.&9FFGD&h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pL4B4&F#+"$#"&Z8,="N-8V\&9>7*-8+$2&9,8%3&)E& F#+"$%+J+#&6#",$&K8+**+$2q&%3,%&."%.&-(%&,$&+$.7+8,%+-$,*&*-$2I8,$2"&:+"N&-J&%3"&J(%(8"S&6(8&%,.V& $-N&+.&%-&J+$/&,$&"g(,**E&#-=7"**+$2&N,E&-J&/"*+:"8+$2&%3"&,.7+8,%+-$.&">78".."/&)E&-(8&#-==($+I %+".&+$&%3+.&">%8,-8/+$,8E&/-#(="$%S&G*%3-(23&%3"8"&,8"&#(88"$%*E&=,$E&($#"8%,+$%+".&-:"8&3-N& 7-.%IL4L;&-7"8,%+-$.&N+**&)"&-82,$+."/&+$%"8$,%+-$,**ER&An=&-7%+=+.%+#&%3,%&%3"."&7-.+%+:"&/+.#(.I .+-$.&N+**&*",/&%-&,&)8+23%&J(%(8"&J-8&-#",$&/8+**+$2S

CC


H-$E&0-88+.&-$&%3"&#,%N,*V&-J&%3"&T6AK9F&!".-*(%+-$&/(8+$2&A6K'&9>7"/+%+-$&5BC&WD8"/+%\&U+**&D8,NJ-8/&r&A6K'X

CL


D(88"$%*E&,%&F",

7@,)1&$&0"#KLK

<5,&:(K&%1-&06(M'1-$"6&(.. DP

EDITIO N EXP

39

3

IO

*),05$'#=502#$%)#P4!:7I#*)'0.($&0"#/'#'%)#')$'#'/&.#$0#5)$(5"#$0#$%)# I0($%#J$./"$&+#F&$%#/#=5)'%#350(,#0=#'+&)"$&'$'#/-0/51

IODP E XP

TT 2

ON 390 ITI ED

SSO

OU UT ECC THH E S NS AA TTLLA AAN ANNTTIC ICTTRR

H3"8"n.&,$&-*/&.,E+$2\&M":"8&=""%&E-(8&3"8-".S&Y(#V+*ER&%3+.&/-".&$-%&,77*E&%-&%3"&Koh&T6AK9F& !".-*(%+-$S& H3+.& +#-$+#& .#+"$%+J+#& 7*,%J-8=& 3,.& )""$& 2*-)"%8-%%+$2& 9,8%3n.& -#",$.& J-8& .":"8,*& /"#,/".&,$/&N+%3&",#3&">7"/+%+-$R&J($/,="$%,*&g(".%+-$.&-J&3-N&-(8&7*,$"%&N-8V.&,8"&%".%"/& ,$/&-J%"$&,$.N"8"/S& H3"&F-(%3&G%*,$%+#&H8,$."#%&WA6K'&9>7"/+%+-$.&5?4&r&5?5X&%,V".&+$.7+8,%+-$&J8-=&-$"&-J&%3"&J+8.%& .#+"$%+J+#&-#",$&/8+**+$2&#8(+.".&K""7&F",&K8+**+$2&'8-a"#%&WKFK'X&Y"2&5R&N3+#3&.,+*"/&+$&K"#&C?`_& %-&T,$&C?`?R&.-="&=-$%3.&)"J-8"&M"+*&G8=.%8-$2n.&p.=,**&.%"7.q&-$&%3"&*($,8&.(8J,#"S&&Y"2&5&/8+**"/& ,&."8+".&-J&3-*".&,*-$2&,&%8,$."#%&,%&54sF&+$&%3"&F-(%3&G%*,$%+#&6#",$&,$/&.3-N"/&N+%3&."/+="$%& ,$/&8-#V&#-8".&%3,%&%3"&,2"&-J&),.,*&."/+="$%.&+$#8",."/&,N,E&J8-=&%3"&0+/IG%*,$%+#&!+/2"&,>+.R& :"8+JE+$2&%3"&#-$#"7%&-J&.",&J*--8&.78",/+$2&,$/&78-:+/+$2&V"E&.(77-8%&J-8&%3"&8":-*(%+-$,8E&$"N& %3"-8E&-J&7*,%"&%"#%-$+#.S&H3+.&",8*E&,#3+":"="$%&)E&-#",$&/8+**+$2&."%&,$&",8*E&.#+"$%+J+#&)"$#3I =,8V&%3,%&">7"/+%+-$.&-:"8&%3"&.()."g("$%&B4&E",8.&3,:"&.%8+:"$&%-&">#""/S&F#+"$%+J+#&-#",$&/8+**I +$2&+$&+%.&:,8+-(.&2(+.".&3,.&">7,$/"/&-(8&($/"8.%,$/+$2&-J&J($/,="$%,*&9,8%3&78-#"..".&J8-=& %3"&=-:"="$%&-J&%"#%-$+#&7*,%".&%-&#3,$2".&+$&%3"&#*+=,%"&,$/&/+.#-:"8"/&,$&,#%+:"&=+#8-)+,*& )+-.73"8"&/""7&N+%3+$&=,8+$"&."/+="$%.&,$/&-#",$&),.,*%.S&

C5


A6K'&9>7"/+%+-$.&5?4&,$/&5?5&,8"&)(+*/+$2&-$&%3"&*"2,#E&-J&KFK'&Y"2&5&)E&/8+**+$2&,&."8+".&-J& ."/+="$%&,$/&),.,*%&),."="$%&#-8".&,*-$2&,&#8(.%,*&J*-N&*+$"&-$&%3"&N".%"8$&J*,$V&-J&%3"&.-(%3I "8$&0+/IG%*,$%+#&!+/2"&,%&~54sFS&D-8".&N+**&)"&8"#-:"8"/&+$&N,%"8&/"7%3.&-J&5444&%-&B444&=&J8-=& -#",$&#8(.%&J-8="/&)"%N""$&@&,$/&`C&=+**+-$&E",8.&,2-&,$/&7,+$.%,V+$2*E&/".#8+)"/R&+=,2"/R& .,=7*"/&,$/&,$,*E."/&)E&%3"&.#+"$#"&%",=S&H3"&78+=,8E&,+=&-J&%3"&F-(%3&G%*,$%+#&H8,$."#%&+.&%-& g(,$%+JE&%+=+$2R&/(8,%+-$R&,$/&">%"$%&-J&8+/2"&J*,$V&3E/8-%3"8=,*&J*(+/I8-#V&">#3,$2"S&'+#V+$2&(7& J8-=&N3"8"&9>7"/+%+-$&5?4&*"J%&-cR&/".7+%"&.3"*%"8+$2R&J*+23%&/"*,E.R&g(,8,$%+$"R&/,+*E&%".%+$2&,$/& G%*,$%+#&N+$%"8&.%-8=.R&9>7"/+%+-$&5?5&N+**&,88+:"&,%&+%.&J+8.%&.+%"&W<CBB?X&-$&.#3"/(*"R&N3"8"&%3"& J+8.%&#-8".&N+**&)"&",2"8*E&,$%+#+7,%"/&)E&.#+"$%+.%.S&&H3"&%8,$.+%&J8-=&D,7"&H-N$&%-&%3"&J+8.%&.+%"&3,.& )""$&*-$2&N+%3&.":"8,*&.%-8=.&%".%+$2&J-8&%3"&$"N&.#+"$#"&7,8%ER&=-.%&-J&N3-=&,8"&J-8&%3"&J+8.%& %+="S&H+="&3,.&)""$&.7"$%&/".#8+)+$2R&,$,*E.+$2R&,$/&.,=7*+$2&#-8".&8"#-:"8"/&/(8+$2&",8*+"8&

!+/2"&',8%E&I&#"*")8,%+$2&#8-..+$2&%3"&0+/IG%*,$%+#&!+/2"&WD8"/+%\&D3+,8,&G=,/-8+X

C;


D-**,2"&-J&73-%-.&.3-N+$2&">7"/+%+-$&7,%#3".&-$&%3"&T!&.%,+8N"**&WD8"/+%\&D3+,8,&G=,/-8+X

"$2+$""8+$2&*"2.&9>7"/+%+-$&5?4D&,$/&5?B9R&N+%3&.#+"$%+.%.&,$/&#-8"&J*-N&J8,="N-8V.&%".%"/R& .%8",=*+$"/R&,$/&-7%+=+."/&J-8&%3"&J+8.%&#-8".&-J&-(8&">7"/+%+-$S&G$%+#+7,%+-$&J-8&%3"&,88+:,*&-J&-(8& J+8.%&#-8".&+.&)(+*/+$2&.%",/+*E&,$/&,##"*"8,%+-$&N+%3&,&tD8-..+$2&%3"&0+/IG%*,$%+#&!+/2"n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a"#%X&,)-,8/&%3"&*"2"$/,8E&Koh&P*-=,8&D3,**"$2"8R&,$/&6K'&W6#",$&K8+**+$2&'8-28,=X& ,$/& A6K'& WA$%"28,%"/& 6#",$& K8+**+$2& '8-28,=R& L445IL4C5R& A$%"8$,%+-$,*& 6#",$& K+.#-:"8E& '8-28,=R&L4C5&-$N,8/.X&-$&%3"&T!R&D3+VE(&,$/&:,8+-(.&)".7-V"&=+..+-$&.7"#+J+#&7*,%J-8=.S&&F#+I "$#"&3+.%-8E&7"8=",%".&%38-(23&%3+.&.3+7&,$/&N+%3&+%&#-=".&,&*(#+/+%E&%3,%&E-(&,8"&$-N&,&.=,**& 7,8%&-J&%3"&-$2-+$2&"$/",:-(8&-J&-#",$&/8+**+$2&%3,%&+.&8--%"/&+$&'8-a"#%&0-1-*"&),#V&+$&%3"&",8*E& C?`4.&,$/&#-$%+$(".&%-/,E&N+%3&A6K'&9>7"/+%+-$&5?5S& F#+"$%+J+#&-#",$&/8+**+$2&+.&$-%&",.ES&9:"$&%-/,ER&%3"&#-$#"7%&%3,%&,&.3+7&#,$&.,+*&+$%-&%3"&"=7%E& g(,8%"8.&-J&%3"&-#",$R&">%"$/&,&/8+**.%8+$2&%38-(23&+%.&=--$7--*&/-N$&%-&/"7%3.&-J&B&V=&-8&=-8"& ,$/&8"#-:"8&3($/8"/.&-J&="%8".&-J&=,%"8+,*.&J8-=&%3"&9,8%3R&,**&N3+*.%&=,+$%,+$+$2&+%.&">,#%&7-.+I %+-$&,.&($8"*"$%+$2&N+$/.R&.N"**.&,$/&%+/".&#-=)+$"&%-&/+.7*,#"&%3"&.3+7R&+.&,&/""7*E&+=78"..+:"&

CB

0-/"*&W*"J%X&,$/&7,8%E&3,%.&W8+23%X&%-&#"*")8,%"&#8-..+$2&%3"&0+/IG%*,$%+#&!+/2"&-$&9>7&5?5R&/(8+$2&%3"&%8,$.+%&%-&.+%"&<CBB?&WD8"/+%\&D3+,8,&G=,/-8+X


8"J*"#%+-$&-J&3(=,$&+$2"$(+%ES&^3"$&#-=)+$"/&N+%3&%3"&$-:"*%E&,$/&,//+%+-$,*&V$-N*"/2"&%3,%& ",#3&$"N&#-8"&78-:+/".R&.#+"$%+J+#&-#",$&/8+**+$2&8"=,+$.&,&%8(*E&N-8%3N3+*"&"$/",:-(8&,$/&+%.& #,."& +.& 8",c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g(+8"& =-/"8$& ,$/& /+:"8."& +$$-:,%+-$& +$& #-=)+$,%+-$& N+%3&+$%"8$,%+-$,*&#-**,)-8,%+-$&,$/&J8+#%+-$*"..&V$-N*"/2"&">#3,$2"&u&:,*(".&,$/&,#%+-$.&%3,%& ,8"&%8(*E&"=)-/+"/&)E&+$%"8$,%+-$,*&.#+"$%+J+#&-#",$&/8+**+$2S&

K8&G*"/&9:,$.&& <$+:"8.+%E&-J&F-(%3,=7%-$&&&

C`


C@

0,+$\&H-=&U"*28,$-&=-/"**+$2&,$&-(%#8-7&-J&7+**-N&*,:,.&+$&%3"&F"=,+*&673+-*+%"R&6=,$&WD8"/+%\&F,=&'+"88"X A$."%\&H-=&,)-,8/&%3"&T6AK9F&!".-*(%+-$&/(8+$2&9>7&5?5R&">,=+$+$2&#-8".&-J&),.,*%&/8+**"/&+$&.+%(&+$&%3"&F-(%3&G%*,$%+#&WD8"/+%\&H"..,&'"+>-%-oA6K'X


=$G.8%1V'*.)W&'2$&#'$"%-&/@.L&./&.42*.@*'$&?$.#V*$)'*#'#&*)'.&'2$&.V$")&8"#*)# An:"&.7"$%&%3"&*,82".%&7,8%&-J&=E&.3-8%&#,8""8&.%(/E+$2&-#",$+#&#8(.%S&An:"&,*.-&$":"8&)""$&%-&.",& J-8&.#+"$#"R&-8&($%+*&,&J"N&/,E.&,2-&":"$&3"*/&,&06!U&8"#-:"8"/&J8-=&%3"&),.+$&+%&J-8="/&+$S&G=& A&,$&+=7-.%"8&%,V+$2&(7&,&78"#+-(.&)"8%3&,)-,8/&%3"&T6AK9F&!".-*(%+-$&J-8&9>7"/+%+-$&5?5\&F-(%3& G%*,$%+#&H8,$."#%k&K"7"$/.&-$&N3-&E-(&,.VS&1-N":"8R&A&J-**-N&,&*-$2&*+$"&-J&.",2-+$2&7"%8-*-2+.%.& %"#%-$+#,**E&8".%-8"/&%-&%3"&.",J*--8&,J%"8&#(%%+$2&%3"+8&%""%3&+$&-73+-*+%".&u&$-%&*",.%&-J&,**&%N-& D-ID3+"J&F#+"$%+.%.&-J&%3"&a-+$%&">7"/+%+-$&A&,=&.,+*+$2&-$S& H3"&/".+##,%"/&#-(.+$.&-J&+$&.+%(&-#",$+#&#8(.%&-c"8&(7&,&#-$J(.+$2&,$/&7"87"%(,**E&#-$%8-:"8.+,*& :+"N7-+$%&-$&-#",$&8+/2"&78-#"..".R&)(%&%3"En8"&,&78-:"$&="/+(=&J-8&%3"&28-N%3&-J&=,8+$"&2"-I .#+"$%+.%.S&H3"En8"&,*.-&,$&($/"8,778"#+,%"/&8".-(8#"&J-8&#-==($+#,%+$2&%3"&78-)*"=.&N"&,8"& %8E+$2&%-&.-*:"&)E&.#+"$%+J+#&-#",$&/8+**+$2&u&N3"%3"8&J-8&%3"&$">%&2"$"8,%+-$&-J&.#+"$%+.%.&-$&,&J+"*/& #-(8."&-8&N+%3&,&7+#%(8"&J-8&,&#-==+%%""&#3,+8&N3-&#,$n%&N8,7&%3"+8&3",/&,8-($/&,&.3""%"/&/EV"& #-=7*">S&0,$E&-J&%3"&28,$/".%&#3,**"$2".&+$&-#",$&*+%3-.73"8"&2"-.#+"$#"&N+**&)"&,//8".."/&,%& .",&N+%3&W,&*,82"&#-**"#%+-$&-J X&/8+**&)+%.&,$/&7+7"R&)(%&*-$2&=,E&-73+-*+%".&78-:+/"&%3"&.%",/E&J*-N& -J&7"-7*"&,$/&+/",.&%3,%&N+**&=,V"&%3+.&7-..+)*"S& K8&H3-=,.&0S&U"*28,$<$+:"8.+%E&-J&F-(%3,=7%-$

C_


-25˚ km

0

500

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

3-20

3-19

3-14

WOCE A10

-30˚

3-16

U1561

Rio Grande Rise

e

re zon

Fractu

U1583

U1556 U1558 U1557

3-15

U1560 U1559

Fracture

zone

-35˚ -30˚ 1.00

-25˚ 2.75

3.00

3.25

-20˚ 3.50 3.75 4.00 Topography (km)

-15˚ 4.25

4.50

4.75

6.00

F-(%3&G%*,$%+#&),%3E="%8E&,$/&78-7-."/&FGH&.+%".

C?

Y--V+$2&.%"8$N,8/.&,)-,8/&%3"&!h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


01)%"-&FR'2&S1)$&UTUUC&Q;=I&974$%*'*.)&KRK&X&0.1'2&H'@")'*V&Y,")#$V'&QQ G%& 4554& <HD& W.3+7%+="X& %3+.& =-8$+$2& T6AK9F& !".-*(%+-$R& #,88E+$2& %3"& A6K'& 9>7"/+%+-$& 5?5& =,8+$"R&/8+**+$2R&%"#3$+#,*&,$/&.#+"$#"&%",=.R&#8-.."/&%3"&8(22"/&),%3E="%8E&-J&%3"&0+/IG%*,$%+#& !+/2"&,%&~54SBsFR&=E.%"8+-(.*E&%8,$.+%+-$+$2&J8-=&%3"&GJ8+#,$&%-&F-(%3&G="8+#,$&%"#%-$+#&7*,%"S&A$& _&3-(8.&N"&N+**&8",#3&-(8&J+8.%&/8+**&F+%"&W<CBB?X&%-&.,=7*"&%3"&(77"8=-.%&*,:,.&-J&8"*,%+:"*E&E-($2& W~@&0,X&-#",$&#8(.%S&H3"&.+%"&3,.&)""$&#,8"J(**E&78"7,8"/&)E&A6K'&9>7"/+%+-$.&5?4D&W6#%IK"#& L4L4&XR&5?B9&WG7*IT($&L4LCX&,$/&5?4&WG7*IT($R&L4LLX&,$/&%3"&D!9FH&2"-73E.+#,*&.(8:"E&,)-,8/& !h&0,8#(.&Y,$2."%3S&GJ%"8&C4&E",8.&-J&7*,$$+$2R&78-7-.,*.R&7,$/"=+#.&,$/&7-.%7-$"="$%.R&.--$& N"&N+**&#-=="$#"&%3"&=".="8+.+$2&#3-8"-28,73E&-J&%8+77+$2&/8+**&.%8+$2&%38-(23&=-8"&%3,$&5444& =&-J&-#",$&%-&%3"&.",J*--8&8"I"$%8E&#-$"&+$.%,**"/&,%&1-*"&CBB?US&^+%3&#,*=&.",.R&J-**-N+$2&,& *(=7E&_I/,E&%8,$.+%&J8-=&D,7"&H-N$R&,..(=+$2&%3+$2.&2-&%-&7*,$R&*,%"8&%-$+23%&N"n**&3",8&p#-8"&-$& /"#Vq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g("$%&+=7,#%&-J&%3"."&">#3,$2".&-$&.",N,%"8&#3"=+.%8E&,$/&%3"&#-=7-.+%+-$&-J&%3"&-#",$& #8(.%e&)X&#3,8,#%"8+]"&J-8&%3"&J+8.%&%+="&+$&%3"&F-(%3&G%*,$%+#&%3"&.()I.",J*--8&=+#8-)+,*&)+-.73"8"&

L4


N+%3+$& %3"& ."/+="$%& )*,$V"%& ,$/& (77"8& -#",$& #8(.%& ,$/& %-& ($/"8.%,$/&%3"&+=7,#%&-J&=+#8-)+-*-2+#,*&,#%+:+%E&-$&)+-2"-I #3"=+#,*&78-#"..".e&,$/&#X&%-&/"#+73"8&J8-=&)+-.%8,%+28,73+#& 8"#-8/.&%3"&7,*,"-#",$-28,73+#&":-*(%+-$&-J&%3"&F-(%3&G%*,$I %+#&%38-(23-(%&=(#3&-J&%3"&D"$-]-+#&+$&8".7-$."&%-&9,8%3n.& #3,$2+$2&#*+=,%"&,$/&%3"&-7"$+$2&-J&#8+%+#,*&-#",$&2,%"N,E.& .(#3&,.&K8,V"&,$/&H,.=,$&7,..,2".S&K(8+$2&%3"&3"+23%&-J&%3"& D6hAKIC?& 7,$/"=+#& "$2+$""8+$2& #8(+.".& A6K'& 9>7"/+%+-$.& 5?4D&,$/&5?B9R&N3+#3&.,+*"/&N+%3-(%&.#+"$#"&%",=.R&+$.%,**"/& .",J*--8&+$J8,.%8(#%(8"&.(#3&,.&8"I"$%8E&#-$".&,$/&78-%"#%+:"& #,.+$2& %38-(23& %3"& ."/+="$%.& %-& %3"& ),.,*%.& -J& %3"& -#",$& #8(.%&,%&=-.%&-J&%3"&FGH&.+%".R&,.&N"**&,.&.,=7*+$2&78"*+=+$,8E& ."/+="$%,8E&8"#-8/.S&H3"&78+$#+7,*&,+=&-J&%3"&F-(%3&G%*,$%+#& H8,$."#%&+.&%-&#-8"&%3"&."/+="$%,8E&-:"8)(8/"$&,$/&+$%-&%3"& (77"8=-.%&-#",$&#8(.%&W~LB4&=X&,%&."8+".&-J&.+%".&-J&+$#8",.I +$2&,2"&J8-=&`&%-&`C&=+**+-$&E",8.&-*/R&,#8-..&%3"&N".%"8$&J*,$V& -J&%3"&.-(%3"8$&0+/IG%*,$%+#&!+/2"S& && H3"8"&+.&,&.%8-$2&<OIA6K'&78"."$#"&,)-,8/&%3"&T!&J-8&A6K'& 9>7"/+%+-$& 5?5& N+%3& D-ID3+"J& F#+"$%+.%& K,=-$& H",2*"& WF-(%3,=7%-$X& ,##-=7,$+"/& )E& J-8,=+$+J"8,*& .7"#+,*+.%& 0,8#+$&Y,%,.&W<DYXR&,$/&7"%8-*-2+.%.&0+#3"**"&1,88+.&W'*E=I -(%3XR& G*"/& 9:,$.& ,$/& H-=& U"*28,$-& W)-%3& F-(%3,=7%-$XS& A6K'& 9>7"/+%+-$& 5?5& N+**& 8"I-##(7E& ;& .+%".& -$& %3"& F-(%3& G%*,$%+#&H8,$."#%R&,%&@&W<CBB?XR&CB&W<CB`4XR&,$/&;?&0,&W<CBB_X& ,.&N"**&,.&+$+%+,*&/8+**+$2&,%&,&$"N&.+%"&-$&55&=+**+-$IE",8&-*/& #8(.%& WFGHY55U& u& 3-7"J(**E& <CB_5XS& ^"& N+**& .,=7*"& ."/+I ="$%.R& =+#8-)".& ,$/& ),.,*%.& J8-=& %3"& -#",$& J*--8& +$& N,%"8& /"7%3.& J8-=& 5444& %-& B444& =S& ^"& 3,:"& ,& 7,#V"/& .#3"/(*"& N+%3&$-%&=(#3&N+22*"&8--=&J-8&#-8+$2&78-)*"=.&-8&/"*,E.&u& 78,E&%-&%3"&N",%3"8&2-/.S

'8-JS&K,=-$&H",2*" D-ID3+"J&F#+"$%+.%&9>7&5?5&& <$+:"8.+%E&-J&F-(%3,=7%-$&&&

LC

0,+$\&G&=,7&.3-N+$2&8",*%+:"&N+$/&:"*-#+%E&,%&%3"&-#",$&.(8J,#"&,$/&%3"&7-.+%+-$&-J&%3"&T!&-$&CB%3&T($"&L4LL&/(8+$2&%8,$.+%&%-&%3"&J+8.%&/8+**&.+%"&-J&9>7&5?5&W)*("&v&*-N


N&.7""/R&28""$&v&3+23X&WD8"/+%\&3%%7.\oo",8%3S$(**.#3--*S$"%XS&A$."%\&K,=-$&H",2*"&WD8"/+%&0,8V&O(8]&r&A6K'X

LL


<."J(*& D-$%,#%&K"%,+*. K8&T(/"&D-22-$ <O&A6K'&O$-N*"/2"&9>#3,$2"&D--8/+$,%-8 a(/"S#-22-$w.-(%3,=7%-$S,#S(V&o&+$J-w(V+-/7S-82 x;;&W4XL5_4&B?`B5?

K,$+"*&O$+23% M9!D&<O&A6K'&'8-28,=="&0,$,2"8&W!".",8#3X +-/7w$"8#S(V8+S-82 x;;&W4XC@?5&;CC`@L

& 8-J"..-8&H-$E&0-88+. ' <O&A6K'&'8-28,=="&G/:+.-8E&P8-(7&D3,+8 9FFGD&h+#"ID3,+8&r&<O&!"78"."$%,%+:" GS0-88+.w7*E=-(%3S,#S(V

T"..&F(8=, M9!D&<O&A6K'&F"$+-8&'8-28,=="&0,$,2"8 a"..+#,S.(8=,w$"8#S(V8+S-82

K8&0+V"&^")) D3,+8&-J&<O&A6K'&'8-28,=="&9>"#(%+:"&U-,8/ =+#3,"*SN"))w$"8#S(V8+S-82&

L5



D-:"8&+=,2"&#8"/+%.R&*"J%&%-&8+23%\&A6K'&T!F6e&9D6!KoA6K'e&TG0FH9D ',2"&4C&r&45&+=,2".R&#8"/+%\&F,8,3&O,#3-:+#3R&A6K'&T!F6 ',2"&L;&+=,2"&#8"/+%\&TG0FH9D

UK


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.