Physical Education (A level) Environmental Effects on Body Systems C Jones Please note that you may see slight differences between this paper and the original.
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Candidates answer on the Question paper. OCR supplied materials: Additional resources may be supplied with this paper. Other materials required: • Pencil • Ruler (cm/mm)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • • • • • •
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions, unless your teacher tells you otherwise. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Where space is provided below the question, please write your answer there. You may use additional paper, or a specific Answer sheet if one is provided, but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s).
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES • The quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with either a pencil or an asterisk. In History and Geography a Quality of extended response question is marked with an asterisk, while a pencil is used for questions in which Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology is assessed. • The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. • The total number of marks for this paper is 9. • The total number of marks may take into account some 'either/or' question choices.
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Answer all the questions.
1.
Explain what is meant by the term ‘cardiovascular drift’.
[4]
2.
Describe the effects of high altitude exposure on performance in aerobic and anaerobic activities.
[5]
END OF QUESTION paper
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Mark scheme Question
Answer/Indicative content
Marks
Guidance
Four marks from:
cardiovascular drift is the (potential) side
cardiovascular drift leads to an increased heart
effects of exercise in a hot climate
1
rate at given intensity of(sub maximal exercise)
4 (AO1)
Sub max 3 if cardiovascular drift is only defined.
reduced plasma volume / (due to) water loss during exercise
(which means) reduced stroke volume to maintain cardiac output HR has to increase
Total
4
Three marks from:
1.
Decreased / lower (atmospheric) pressure /
2.
Increased breathing frequency
3.
Decreased blood / plasma volume
4.
Decreased stroke volume
5.
Decreased maximal cardiac output / max heart
6.
Reduced pressure / diffusion gradient or
ppO2 at altitude or air thinner
rate
reduced O2 uptake by muscles or reduced VO2 max / aerobic capacity or reduced oxygen 2
transport / muscle delivery
Sub max 3 for effects of high altitude. 5 (AO1)
Two marks for how performance in aerobic / anaerobic activities is affected.
Two marks for:
7.
Lower performance in aerobic activities or decreased aerobic energy production or decreased intensity / duration before fatigue / OBLA
8.
Improved performance in anaerobic / explosive / throwing / jumping activities
Total
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5
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