Physical Education (A level) Injury Prevention & Rehabilitation C Jones Please note that you may see slight differences between this paper and the original.
Duration: Not set
Candidates answer on the Question paper. OCR supplied materials: Additional resources may be supplied with this paper. Other materials required: • Pencil • Ruler (cm/mm)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • • • • • •
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions, unless your teacher tells you otherwise. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Where space is provided below the question, please write your answer there. You may use additional paper, or a specific Answer sheet if one is provided, but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s).
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES • The quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with either a pencil or an asterisk. In History and Geography a Quality of extended response question is marked with an asterisk, while a pencil is used for questions in which Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology is assessed. • The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. • The total number of marks for this paper is 22. • The total number of marks may take into account some 'either/or' question choices.
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Answer all the questions.
1.
Fig. 1 shows a swimmer performing the front crawl.
Fig. 1
i.
Complete the table below for the swimmer’s ankle joint. [3] Joint
Joint Type
Ankle ii.
Movement Plantar Flexion
Agonist
Antagonist
Give three ways in which a warm up would affect the speed and strength of skeletal muscle contractions.
[3]
2(a).
i.
Describe three physiological benefits of a warm up.
[3
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ii.
Plan an effective warm up, which includes dynamic stretching, for a performer in a named activity.
[3
(b).
Complete the table below explaining the SALTAPS assessment routine for a suspected sprain, suffered during a sporting activity. See
See what happened
Ask
Ask what happened/where it hurts
Look
Look for swelling or deformity
Touch Active Passive Strength [4]
3.
Rugby union players, like most sports performers, will aim to minimise the risk of injury during a game. i.
Describe three intrinsic risk factors associated with contact sports such as rugby union.
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[3 ii.
During a rugby union game, one of the players is suspected to be suffering from concussion. Explain how a coach should respond to this injury to prevent the possibility of further injury to the player.
[3]
END OF QUESTION paper
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Mark scheme Question
Answer/Indicative content
Marks
Guidance
Accept
Do not accept
1. 2. 3.Anterior Tibialis 3 marks for 3 from: Mark first response in box only
1
i
1.
Hinge
2.
Gastrocnemius / Soleus
3.
Tibialis Anterior
3
Examiner’s Comments
Responses to this question were variable. It is evident that the type of joint at the ankle is not as well-known as for other joints. However, a large number of candidates correctly chose hinge joint. Many candidates confused the agonist and antagonist, a common mistake was to get them the wrong way round! Candidates need to be reminded that only the first response in each box will be marked
Do not accept
Accept
Muscle warms up
1. 3 marks for 3 from: Mark first three only
1.
Increased temperature of the muscle
2.
Greater force or speed of muscular contraction/
2. Faster / quicker / strength of contraction
increased contractility 3.
Increased elasticity or increased flexibility or increased range of movement (of the joint or tissues)
4.
Reduced viscous resistance / reduced viscosity of muscles
ii 5.
More efficient muscular contractions / greater
6.
Increased speed of nerve transmission
3
economy of movement
7.
Greater speed of (muscle) relaxation
8.
Increased motor unit recruitment / improved
9.
Increased coordination between antagonistic
6. Speeds up impulses in motor neurones 7.
motor unit coordination
Bigger or larger contractions
8. Increased synchronisation of impulses
pairs 10. Increased enzyme activity / energy production
Examiner’s Comments
This question was answered accurately by a high
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percentage of candidates with many achieving maximum marks. The most common error was repetition of “warm up” from the question. Once again, candidates’ attention should be drawn to the question command – ‘give three ways’ and thus only the first three attempts will be marked here. The main points hit were 2 and 3. Lots of candidates went for increased viscosity and not reduced. Temperature was often not linked to muscle. Weaker candidates commenting about heart and blood flow.
Total
6
Three marks from:
reduced risk of injury / muscle soreness /
increased elasticity of muscle / increased range
increased oxygen / oxygenated blood to
DOMS
of movement
muscles
2
a
i
dilation of blood vessels to working muscles increased speed of contraction / relaxation of
3 (AO1)
muscles
increased enzyme activity improved oxygen utilisation / haemoglobin give up oxygen more easily (at higher blood temperature)
faster nerve transmission / improved
reduced size of EPOC / oxygen debt
recruitment of motor units
Three marks from:
pulse raiser e.g. jogging / swimming / cycling
(dynamic stretch) Use slow, controlled
etc.
movements to increase ROM in relation to the activity ii
gradually increase speed / intensity of dynamic stretching
3 (AO2)
Sub max 2 if no named activity.
6-10 reps of the dynamic stretch a named dynamic stretch. e.g. lunges; opening / closing gate
dynamic stretches should mimic actions of named activity.
then perform specific skills of named activity.
b Four marks from:
4 (AO1)
(Touch) to assess pain / swelling
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(Active) movement – can player move the limb
(Passive) movement – physio moves body part
(Strength) – can player show strength needed
on their own
and checks response
to carry on playing / perform skills at full pace
Total
10
Three marks from:
1.
Body size / weight / height / BMI / age (compared to opponents)
2.
Individual skill level / previous playing
3.
Previous injury / lack of joint stability / poor
experience / fitness 3
i
3 (AO2)
Descriptions of intrinsic risk factors needed. Must be related to rugby union.
flexibility 4.
Posture / alignment issues
5.
Poor preparation / nutrition / hydration or lack
6.
Lack of / ineffective warm up
of sleep
Three marks from:
1.
World Rugby’s 6R’s or “Recognise and
2.
Recognise - the signs / symptoms of
Remove” message
concussion ii
3.
Remove - player from field of play immediately
3
4.
Refer - to qualified professional for evaluation
(AO1)
5.
Rest - from exercise until symptom-free
6.
Recover – full recovery from symptoms is required before return to play
7.
Return – player must have written permission from qualified professional to play
Total
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6
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