HEAVY THAN AIR AIRCRAFTS
FROM WRIGHT BROTHERS TO PRESENT
1903 WRIGHT FLYER I
Type: Single Engine First Flight: December 17, 1903 Length: 6,40 meter The Wright Flyer (often retrospectively referred to as Flyer I or 1903 Flyer) was the first successful heavier-thanair powered aircraft. It was designed and built by the Wright brothers. They flew it four times on December 17, 1903, near Kill Devil Hills, about four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, US. The U.S. Smithsonian Institution describes the aircraft as "the first powered, heavier-than-air machine to achieve controlled, sustained flight with a pilot aboard".The flight of Flyer I marks the beginning of the "pioneer era" of aviation.
1
1908 Blériot XI
Type: Sport Aircraft First Flight: 1908 Length: 7,05 meter The Blériot XI is a French aircraft, one of the most iconic (and copied) aircraft designs of the pioneer era of aviation. The first example was used by Louis Blériot to make the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air aircraft on 25 July 1909. This achievement is one of the most famous accomplishments of the pioneer era of aviation, and not only won Blériot a lasting place in history but also assured the future of his aircraft manufacturing business. The event caused a major reappraisal of the importance of aviation
2
1916 BRISTOL F2 FIGHTER
Type: Bi-Plane Fighter First Flight: September 9, 1916 Length: 7,87 meter The Bristol F.2 Fighter was a British twoseat biplane fighter and reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War developed by Frank Barnwell at the Bristol Aeroplane Company. It is often simply called the Bristol Fighter, other popular names include the "Brisfit" or "Biff".
3
1932 JUNKER Ju 52/3M
Type: Tri-Engine Passenger First Flight: March 7, 1932 Length: 18,90 meter The Junkers Ju 52/3m is a German trimotor transport aircraft manufactured from 1931 to 1952. Initially designed with a single engine but subsequently produced as a trimotor, it saw both civilian and military service during the 1930s and 1940s. In a civilian role, it flew with over twelve air carriers including Swissair and Deutsche Luft Hansa as an airliner and freight hauler. In a military role, it flew with the Luftwaffe as a troop and cargo transport and briefly as a medium bomber.
4
1933 BOEING 247
Type: Twin-Engine First Flight: February 8, 1933 Length: 16,30 meter The Boeing Model 247 was an early United States airliner, considered the first such aircraft to fully incorporate advances such as all-metal, semimonocoque construction, a fully cantilevered wing and retractable landing gear. Other advanced features included control surface trim tabs, an autopilot and de-icing boots for the wings and tailplane.
5
1934 LOCKHEED 10A ELECTRA
Type: Twin-Engine First Flight: February 23, 1934 Length: 11,75 meter The Lockheed Model 10 Electra is an American twin-engine, allmetal monoplane airliner developed by the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation in the 1930s to compete with the Boeing 247 and Douglas DC-2.The type gained considerable fame as one was flown by Amelia Earhart on her ill-fated around-theworld expedition in 1937.
6
1934 DOUGLAS DC-2
Type: Twin-Engine First Flight: May 11, 1934 Length: 18,89 meter The Douglas DC-2 is a 14-seat, twin-engined airliner that was produced by the American company Douglas Aircraft Corporation starting in 1934. It competed with the Boeing 247. In 1935, Douglas produced a larger version called the DC-3, which became one of the most successful aircraft in history.
7
1935 DOUGLAS DC-3
Type: Twin-Engine First Flight: December 17, 1935 Length: 19,66 meter The Douglas DC-3 is a fixed-wing propeller-driven airliner. Its cruise speed (207 mph or 333 km/h) and range (1,500 mi or 2,400 km) revolutionized air transport in the 1930s and 1940s. Its lasting effect on the airline industry and World War II makes it one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made.
8
1957 BOEING 707
Type: Narrow-Body Jetliner First Flight: December 20, 1957 Length: 44,22 meter The Boeing 707 is a mid-sized, long-range, narrow-body, fourengine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes from 1958 to 1979. Its name is commonly pronounced as "seven oh seven". Versions of the aircraft have a capacity from 140 to 219 passengers and a range of 2,500 to 5,750 nautical miles (2,880 to 6,620 mi; 4,630 to 10,650 km).
9
1962 VICKERS VC10
Type: Four-Engine, Long distance Aircraft First Flight: June 29, 1962 Length: 48,36 meter The Vickers VC10 is a mid-sized, narrow-body long-range British jet airliner designed and built by Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) Ltd and first flown at Brooklands, Surrey, in 1962.
10
1968 TUPOLEV TU-154
Type: Tri-Engine First Flight: October 4, 1968 Length: 47,90 meter The Tupolev Tu-154 is a three-engine medium-range narrowbody airliner designed in the mid-1960s and manufactured by Tupolev.
11
1969 CONCORDE
Type: Supersonic Aircraft First Flight: March 2, 1969 Length: 61,66 meter Aerospatiale / BAC Concorde is a British-French turbojetpowered supersonic passenger jet airliner that was operated until 2003. It had a maximum speed over twice the speed of sound at Mach 2.04 (1,354 mph or 2,180 km/h at cruise altitude), with seating for 92 to 128 passengers. First flown in 1969, Concorde entered service in 1976 and continued flying for the next 27 years
12
1969 BOEING 747
Type: Super Jumbo First Flight: February 9, 1969 Length: 56,30 meter The Boeing 747 is an American wide-body commercial jet airliner and cargo aircraft, often referred to by its original nickname, "Jumbo Jet". Its distinctive "hump" upper deck along the forward part of the aircraft makes it among the world's most recognizable aircraft,and it was the first wide-body produced. Manufactured by Boeing's Commercial Airplane unit in the United States, the original version of the 747 was envisioned to have 150 percent greater capacity than the Boeing 707. one of the common large commercial aircraft of the 1960s. First flown commercially in 1970, the 747 held the passenger capacity 13 record for 37 years.
1970 McDonnel Douglas DC-10
Type: Tri-Engine Wide Body Aircraft First Flight: August 29, 1970 Length: 51,97 meter The McDonnell Douglas DC-10 is a three-engine widebody jet airliner manufactured by McDonnell Douglas. It features two turbofan engines mounted on underwing pylons and a third engine at the base of the vertical stabilizer. The DC-10 has range for medium- to long-haul flights, capable of carrying a maximum of 380 passengers.
14
1972 AIRBUS A300
Type: Wide-Body Twin-Engine Jet Airliner First Flight: October 28, 1972 Length: 53,61meter The Airbus A300 is a wide-body twin-engine jet airliner that was developed and manufactured by Airbus. Formally announced in 1969 and first flying in October 1972, it holds the distinction of being the world's first twin-engined widebody airliner; it was also the first product of Airbus Industrie, a consortium of European aerospace manufacturers, now a subsidiary of Airbus. The A300 can typically seat 266 passengers in a two-class layout, with a maximum range of 4,070 nautical miles (7,540 km) when fully loaded, depending on model.
15
1976 ILJUSCHIN IL-86
Type: Wide-Body Airliner First Flight: December 22, 1976 Length: 60,21 meter The Ilyushin Il-86 is a short/medium-range wide-body jet airliner. It was the USSR's first wide-body and the world's second four-engined wide-body. Designed and tested by the Ilyushin design bureau in the 1970s, it was certified by the Soviet aircraft industry, manufactured and marketed by the USSR.
16
1983 CN235
Type: Transport aircraft/maritime patrol aircraft First Flight: November 11, 1983 Length: 21,40 meter The CASA/IPTN CN-235 is a medium-range twinengined transport aircraft that was jointly developed by Construcciones Aeronรกuticas SA (CASA) of Spainand Indonesian manufacturer IPTN, as a regional airliner and military transport. Its primary military roles include maritime patrol, surveillance, and air transport.
17
1984 ATR 42
Type: Turboprop Twin-Engine First Flight: August 18, 1984 Length: 22,67 meter The ATR 42 is a twin-turboprop, short-haul regional airliner developed and manufactured in France and Italy by ATR (Aerei da Trasporto Regionale or Avions de transport rĂŠgional), a joint venture formed by French aerospace company AĂŠrospatiale (now Airbus) and Italian aviation conglomerate Aeritalia (now Leonardo S.p.A.). The number "42" in its name is derived from the aircraft's standard seating configuration in a passenger-carrying configuration, which typically varies between 40 and 52 passengers.
18
1986 FOKKER 100
Type: Narrow-Body Regional Airline First Flight: November 30, 1986 Length: 35,31 meter The Fokker 100 is a medium-sized, twin-turbofan jet airliner from Fokker, the largest such aircraft built by the company before its bankruptcy in 1996. The type possessed low operational costs and initially had scant competition in the 100seat short-range regional jet class, contributing to strong sales upon introduction in the late 1980s.
19
1987 AIRBUS A320
Type: Narrow-Body Jet Airliner First Flight: February 22, 1987 Length: 37,57 meter The A320 - was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was first delivered in March 1988 to launch customer Air France.The family was extended to include the A321 (first delivered 1994), the A319 (1996), and the A318 (2003). The A320 family pioneered the use of digital fly-by-wire flight control systems, as well as side-stick controls, in commercial aircraft.There has been a continuous improvement process since introduction.
20
1988 ATR 72
Type: Regional Airline First Flight: October 27, 1988 Length: 27,17 meter The ATR 72 is a twin-engine turboprop, short-haul regional airliner developed and produced in France and Italy by aircraft manufacturer ATR (Aerei da Trasporto Regionale or Avions de transport rĂŠgional), a joint venture formed by French aerospace company AĂŠrospatiale (now Airbus) and Italian aviation conglomerate Aeritalia (now Leonardo S.p.A.). The number "72" in its name is derived from the aircraft's standard seating configuration in a passenger-carrying configuration, which could seat 72-78 passengers in a single-class arrangement.
21
1989 TUPOLEV TU-204
Type: Narrow Body Jet Airliner First Flight: January 2, 1989 Length: 46,14 meter The Tupolev Tu-204 is a twin-engined medium-range jet airliner capable of carrying 210 passengers, designed by Tupolev and produced by Aviastar SP and Kazan Aircraft Production Association. First introduced in 1989, it is intended to be broadly equivalent to the Boeing 757, with slightly lower range and payload, and has competitive performance and fuel efficiency in its class. It was developed for Aeroflot as a replacement for the medium-range Tupolev Tu-154 trijet.
22
1991 BOMBARDIER CRJ200
Type: Regional Jet / Business Jet First Flight: May 10, 1991 Length: 26,77 meter The Bombardier CRJ100 and CRJ200 are a family of regional airliners manufactured by Bombardier, and based on the Canadair Challenger business jet.These regional jet models were formerly known as the Canadair CRJ100 and CRJ200.
23
1994 BOEING 777
Type: Widede-Body Jet Airliner First Flight: June 12, 1994 Length: 63,73 meter The Boeing 777 is a family of long-range wide-body twinengine jet airliners developed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It is the world's largest twinjet and has a typical seating capacity of 314 to 396 passengers, with a range of 5,240 to 8,555 nautical miles (9,704 to 15,844 km). Commonly referred to as the "Triple Seven“. As Boeing's first flyby-wire airliner, it has computer-mediated controls. It was also the first commercial aircraft to be designed entirely with computeraided design.
24
1995 EMBRAER ERJ-145
Type: Widede-Body Jet Airliner First Flight: August 11, 1995 Length: 29,87 meter The Embraer ERJ family is a series of twin-engine regional jets produced by Embraer, a Brazilian aerospace company. Aircraft in the series include the ERJ135 (37 passengers), ERJ140 (44 passengers), and ERJ145 (50 passengers), as well as the Legacy business jet and the R99 family of military aircraft. Each jet in the series is powered by two turbofan engines. The family's primary competition comes from the Bombardier CRJ regional jets.
25
2005 AIRBUS A380-800
Type: Wide-body, double-deck jet airliner First Flight: April 27, 2005 Length: 72,72 meter The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner manufactured by European manufacturer Airbus. It is the world's largest passenger airliner, and the airports at which it operates have upgraded facilities to accommodate it. It was initially named Airbus A3XX and designed to challenge Boeing's monopoly in the large-aircraft market.The A380 made its first flight on 27 April 2005 and entered commercial service on 25 October 2007 with Singapore Airlines.
26
2009 BOEING 787 DREAMLINER
Type: Wide-body twin-engine jet airliner First Flight: December 15, 2009 Length: 56,72 meter The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is an American long-haul, mid-size widebody, twin-engine jet airliner made by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Its variants seat 242 to 335 passengers in typical three-class seating configurations. It is the first airliner with an airframe constructed primarily of composite materials. The 787 was designed to be 20% more fuel efficient than the Boeing 767, which it was intended to replace.The 787 Dreamliner's distinguishing features include mostly electrical flight systems, raked wingtips, and noise-reducing chevrons on its engine nacelles. It shares a common type rating with the larger Boeing 777 to allow qualified pilots to operate both models.
27
2013 AIRBUS A350XWB
Type: Wide-Body Jet Airliner First Flight: June 14, 2013 Length: 66,80 meter The Airbus A350 XWB is a family of long-range, twinengine wide-body jet airliners developed by European aircraft manufacturer Airbus. The A350 is the first Airbus aircraft with both fuselage and wing structures made primarily of carbon-fibrereinforced polymer.[8] Its variants seat 280 to 366 passengers in typical three-class seating layouts.[9] The A350 is positioned to succeed the A340, and compete with the Boeing 787 and 777.
28
2013 BOMBARDIER C Series
Type: Narrow-Body Jet Airliners First Flight: September 16, 2013 Length: 35,00 meter The Bombardier CSeries or C Series is a family of narrowbody, twin-engine, medium-range jet airliners originally designed by Canadian manufacturer Bombardier Aerospace.
29
2016 Embraer E-Jet 190
Type: Narrow-Body Jet Airliners First Flight: May 23, 2016 Length: 35,10 meter The Embraer E-Jet E2 family is a family of three narrowbody medium-range twin-engine jet airliners developed by Brazilian aerospace company Embraer, replacing the predecessor Embraer E-Jet Family. The three variants share the same fuselage cross sections with different lengths and three different new wings, Pratt & Whitney PW1000G eared turbofans in two sizes, fly-by-wire controls with new avionics, and an updated cabin with 40% enlarged baggage bins.
30
2017 COMAC C919
Type: Narrow-Body Twin Jet Airliners First Flight: May 5, 2017 Length: 38,90 meter The Comac C919 is a narrow-body twinjet airliner developed by Chinese aerospace manufacturer Comac. The programme was launched in 2008 and production of the prototype began in December 2011. It rolled out on 2 November 2015 and first flew on 5 May 2017, for a planned introduction in 2020. The aircraft is mainly made out of aluminium. It is powered by CFM International LEAP turbofan engines and can carry 156 to 168 passengers in a usual operating configuration up to 3,000 nautical miles (5,555 km). It is intended to compete with the Boeing 737 MAX and Airbus A320neo.
31
2017 IRKUT MC-21
Type: Narrow-Body Twin Jet Airliners First Flight: May 28, 2017 Length: 36,80 meter The Irkut MC-21 is a Russian single-aisle twinjet airliner, developed by the Yakovlev Design Bureau and produced by Irkut, both United Aircraft Corporation subsidiaries. The initial design started in 2006 and detailed design was ongoing in 2011, after delaying introduction from 2012 to 2020, the first MC-21-300 rolled-out on 8 June 2016 and first flew on 28 May 2017. It has a carbon fiber reinforced polymer wing and is powered by Pratt & Whitney PW1000G or Aviadvigatel PD-14 turbofans. With a capacity of 132–163 passengers in two class, up to 165–211 and up to 6,000–6,400 km (3,200–3,500 nmi) range, the standard MC-21-300 will be followed by a shortened MC-21200. It has 205 orders as of July 2017.
32