Genome Editing

the science of the future by Aaron Dykxhoorn

In the late 1900s, the first genome editing techniques were developed. These techniques, such as the use of radiation to induce mutations and the zinc finger nuclease, were primitive and led to high error rates. In 2009, the genome editing tool named CRISPR was created, giving a cheap and efficient way to perform edits on DNA. The importance of genome editing on the medical industry cannot be understated. It has given insight to many fields of research, allowing for new discoveries that have heightened knowledge on life as it was previously known. Although the methods of genome editing are currently not perfect, it is a step in the right direction.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a tool used by many researchers to perform genome editing. This includes replacing, removing and manipulating sections of the DNA sequence. CRISPR uses a guide RNA to find a certain DNA sequence, and the Cas9 enzyme to make cuts in the DNA sequence, allowing for the addition or subtraction of certain segments of code. This technique creates the opportunity to see the function and purpose of certain genes. The importance of CRISPR is seen in its uses for treating genetically related diseases, creating crops that are resistant to harsh conditions, and furthering research on the human genome.