Timeline

RALPH D. CASEY

The Hubbard School couldn’t have asked for a more dedicated and innovative first director. Ralph D. Casey served from 1930 to 1958 and built a program that would last for generations. Casey got his start at the University of

Washington with a B.A. in journalism and political science. He taught at Washington and the University of Montana 1920 s as a journalism professor before coming to the U of M. Casey was determined to design courses and create a program that worked with the College of Liberal Arts. He developed and produced a relationship with the College that was essential to integrating the journalism curriculum with diverse classes, something Casey thought vital to being a good journalist. “The heart of journalism instruction occurs in the

Midwest because of the land grant college tradition,” he said in an interview in 1967. “It wasn’t the New England liberal arts concept. It was the concept of a university that had broad support from agriculture clear to zoology with all of the techniques and disciplines between.” To him, the press has to relate to social institutions in society, and journalists have to know things like press law, freedom of the press and international and foreign press.

He argued that they should be trained as diversely and thoroughly as lawyers and doctors. He also worked with

Professor Mitch Charnley to create TV and radio programs. Outside the School, Casey continued his commitment to the field. He edited the Journalism Quarterly for 10 years and even took a trip across Europe with the United Nations

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization after World

War II to help reestablish lines of communication and build up the press, radio and film industries. After he retired, he lectured across the country and served on the faculty boards for the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Stanford. Casey and his wife moved back to Seattle in 1961 and lived out the rest of their lives there. Nevertheless,

Casey remained connected to the School and visited it and his many friends until his passing in 1977.

MURPHY HALL BUILT

The Regents authorized a new home for journalism in 1938. The four-story building, with its auditorium, library, classrooms and a basement home for three student publications, became a model for other journalism schools. Ground was broken in 1938, faculty and students moved from Pillsbury Hall to the new building in February of 1940, and the building was dedicated in May of that year. The unit was designated a School in 1941. 1930 s ED EMERY

Edwin “Ed” Emery touched many people, places and publications during his 39 years as a journalism professor at the Hubbard School. Emery started at the School in 1945 after earning his Ph.D. in history at the University of California at Berkeley. Before moving to Minnesota, Emery worked at multiple news outlets, like the San Francisco Examiner, where he covered World War II.

Emery wrote 11 books during his lifetime, including 1954’s “The Press and America,” a leading text in mass media history, translated into four languages. Additionally, he co-wrote “Introduction to Mass Communication,” which co-author William Agee said was different from everything else in the field. Emery worked as an editor of Journalism Quarterly from 1952-1973 and the Director of Graduate Studies at the School from 1973-1979. Emery was called a “champion of the student” and created a place for aspiring historians to 1940 s come and grow. It was rumored Emery would even pay for students’ tuition when they needed it.

Along with his teaching in Minnesota, Emery was a visiting professor and lecturer in over 20 countries, and in 1980, the Society of Professional Journalists awarded him with their Distinguished Teaching in Journalism Award. He won numerous other awards during his teaching years, including the Special Chair of Taiwan's National Science Council and a Social Science Research Council grant. Emery retired in 1984. He died from leukemia at age 79.

TIMELINE 1920s 1930s

1917:

Journalism education at the University of Minnesota formally begins when plans are drawn for a major curriculum with courses offered in continuity.

1918: William J. Murphy, publisher of the Minneapolis Tribune, bequeaths a portion of his estate to the University for “the establishing and maintaining of a course of instruction in journalism.” The value of the donation is about $735,000 today. 1922: The

department of journalism is established within CSLA and Reuel R. Barlow, a journalist for The New York Evening Post and other publications, is named administrator with the title, “instructor in charge.”

1924: The

department of journalism increases from 30 students in 1920 to 110 in 1924. The School offers courses on six different topics of professional journalism and doubles the number of typewriters in the school.

1929: The

department is located in Folwell Hall and the old Music Building until moving into Pillsbury Hall in 1929. the magazine journalism courses.

1935: Ralph O. Nafziger, a former newspaperman and Wisconsin Ph.D. candidate, joins the faculty to be a research specialist in international communication and the foreign press. He also teaches news editing and public affairs reporting.

1930: A

former Seattle and New York newspaperman who obtained his Ph.D. from Wisconsin, Ralph D. Casey, becomes the head of the journalism department.

1930: First M.A. in journalism is awarded 1934: Mitchell V. Charnley, former newspaperman, magazine editor and Iowa State College professor, is hired to teach reporting and to develop 1938: The

Board of Regents authorize the construction of Murphy Hall.

1940: Murphy Hall opens and the journalism department moves from Pillsbury Hall.

GEORGE HAGE ROBERT JONES

George Hage earned his B.A. and M.A. in journalism from the School and his Ph.D. in American Studies from the

University. When he started teaching in 1946 to help with the influx of WWII veterans, he quickly became the writing professor.

Teaching everything from basic reporting to literary aspects of journalism, Hage was known for his commitment to his students and the profession. During his summers off, he worked at the Minneapolis Star and Tribune. He was heavily involved with the Minnesota Daily as a member of the Board of Student Publications.

Hage was the person who stood up for the Daily’s controversial humor edition in 1979 and helped take the

University to court over the Board of Regents cutting their funding. After winning, the Daily’s lawyer for the case 1940 s called him “the moral force” behind the dispute. Hage also fought for students and professionals outside the University as part of the Committee for Integrated Education. In 1972, he worked alongside the NAACP to desegregate Minneapolis schools that used unequal hiring practices and redistricting to work around federal laws. And as the ombudsman for the Minneapolis Tribune, Hage walked the picket lines for their 1971 strike.

As the Director of the Minnesota

Journalism Center, he was committed to connecting professionals and students. He retired in 1983, while also receiving the Society of Professional

Journalists Distinguished Teaching in

Journalism Award. When he retired, a former student, Bev Kees, said she carried his teaching with her. “What convinces me of his quality as a teacher is that, after 20 years, I am still quoting him to young journalists and his opinion of my work still matters,” she said. “I will push myself a little because I don't want to disappoint

George Hage.” He passed away in 1993 at age 78. As the second director of the School, Robert L. Jones proved the unit was here to stay as a national standard for journalism schools. Jones was born in Kansas and earned his B.A. at Wichita State before serving in the Air Corps as a lieutenant during WWII. After his service, he returned to school and earned his M.A. and Ph.D in psychology at the University of Minnesota.

Jones joined the journalism faculty, and served as the director of the Research Division from 1952 to 1958. When Ralph Casey stepped down, Jones stepped in and directed the School from 1958-1978.

Known for being a vigorous and dedicated leader in education and research, Jones helped the school become

one of the best in the nation. While he served as director, sthe school was ranked by other accredited schools as number one in the nation and was fully accredited by the American Council for Education in Journalism multiple times. Besides his posts at the School, he served on national boards and associations. In 1978, Jones stepped down 1950 to resume full-time teaching at the school. He worked for many years before retiring.

1941: The department officially became the School of Journalism in the CSLA.

1950s

1944: A School of Journalism Research Division—the first of its kind in the nation—is established. The purpose is to stimulate and conduct applied and fundamental research to communications, secure research grants, and encourage graduate researchers to come to the University of Minnesota. 1950: The School’s library expands with the establishment of the Thomas Heggen Memorial Library. Heggan, a School alum, wrote “Mister Roberts,” a fictional book based on his experiences in a theatre in WWII.

1946: Due to students entering the University under the G.I. bill, enrollment in the School grows from 200 in 1945 to nearly 500 in 1946.

1948: The School launches an advertising degree program. Minnesota is one of the first 35 journalism schools designated “accredited” by the American Council on Education for Journalism. 1951: The

School creates a Ph.D. program. The first Ph.D. is awarded in 1956. 1958: Robert L. Jones becomes director after Ralph Casey retires. A fierce proponent of research and the school’s research division, Jones helped integrate new technologies into the curriculum and taught advertising during his time at the school. 1965: A major revision of the undergraduate curriculum takes place with the addition of an introduction to journalism course and the creation of a course in basic visual communication.

1960s: Major curriculum changes are made. R. Smith Schuneman develops a photojournalism program. That same year, the faculty develops a curriculum statement that establishes specializations in broadcast journalism, magazine journalism, creative graphic arts, photojournalism and public relations.

1960s 1970s

1966: To

represent the expansion of studies, the school adds “Mass Communication” to its name. 1969: For the first time, the national organization for professional journalists and journalism students, Sigma Delta Chi, allows women to become members.

1960s and

’70s: The

’60s and ’70s are a period of tremendous growth. The number of undergraduates grows from 300 in 1960 to 602 in 1970 and then to 1,156 in 1980. Special entrance requirements are initiated in the mid-1970s because the growth has surpassed available space.

1978: F. Gerald Kline takes over after Robert L. Jones’ 20 years as director.

VIRGINIA HARRIS

Virginia Harris was the School’s first female faculty member.

She started part-time in 1965 and became a full-time assistant professor of advertising and copywriting in 1968. Even though she earned a B.A. in journalism from what is now Illinois State

University, her experiences in public relations came from KELO, a TV and radio station in South Dakota. There she picked up skills such as scriptwriting, copywriting and covering special events, and even hosted a cooking show called “Sparkle and Spice.”

sWhen she moved to Minneapolis, she worked for Knox-Reeves advertising before taking up the SJMC 1960 position. Former Director Robert Jones called her “extraordinary” and said she was “always out ahead” of the other professors. Jones recalled how students would stand in long lines outside her office and said Harris did as much teaching in her office as she did in her classes. It became clear that students were taking another informal course through Harris' teaching, so they created another class for her to teach advertising copywriting. Jones said Harris, alongside renowned professors George Hage and

Mitch Charnley, created “a phalanx of instructional writing that nobody could beat.” Despite this praise, Harris humbly maintained that all she did is bring out what the students already have. “I’m not some artistic goddess sitting up there on their shoulders,” she said at one time. “The ideas come to them, and we work together to develop them. But the ideas are theirs.” She worked at the school until retiring in 1982. She died in 1998.

WALTER BROVALD

A champion of community newspapers, Walter Brovald left his impact on the field before, during and after his teaching career at the Hubbard School. Brovald earned his B.A. in English from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1949, and after working for a local newspaper and radio station, he bought the Cadott Sentinel in 1954. He served as its editor and publisher until 1966, and in those 12 years, the paper won 54 state and national awards. He was also President of the Wisconsin Press Association in 1962.

He left the Sentinel to get his M.A. in journalism from the Hubbard School in 1966. He became a full instructor in 1967, and joined the faculty as an assistant professor in 1969. The Board of Regents named him a full professor in 1980.

Brovald served as the Director of Undergraduate Studies for the School, a business advisor to student publications, chair of the scholarship and internship committees and served as acting director for the 1983-1984 academic year. After a two-year leave for health reasons, Brovald passed away in 1991 at age 62.

DAN WACKMAN

A research behemoth, Dan Wackman was a teacher, advisor, researcher and director during his many years at the Hubbard School. Wackman earned his M.A. in political science and journalism and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He taught at the University of Michigan before joining the Hubbard School in 1971.

He started as an assistant professor and head of the Communications Research Division. In 1978, he became a full professor and continued to lead the CRD until 1982. He also served as the Associate Director of the Media Management and Economics Resource Center in 1987.

Wackman specialized in mass communication research and focused on the role advertising has on children as consumers. He was also fond of media management and developed the School’s media management program and textbook with Cowles Professor John Lavine.

In 1985, he was the chair of the curriculum committee. And, as the University was facing extensive state budget cuts, Wackman was the Executive Director of the College of Liberal Arts Minnesota Campaign in 1986, a specialized fundraising effort. Wackman served one

s 1970

1978: The Premack Awards are founded. For 35 years, the Premack Public Affairs Journalism Awards honored excellence in Minnesota journalism. The awards program was funded in posthumous honor of Minneapolis Tribune reporter and editor Frank Premack. 1980: The library is expanded and named after Eric Sevareid. Sevareid graduated from the University of Minnesota and became a broadcast reporter for CBS who specialized in WWII coverage. He visited the school to honor its renaming. (The Heggen Memorial Library remains.) 1983: The Alumni Society Board launches the popular Alumni Mentor Program, which has matched hundreds of students with alumni in the industry during its almost 40year history.

1984: The Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics & Law is established with a gift from Otto and Helen Silha. 1985: After Director Kline took a position in the University president’s office, Dan Wackman serves as interim director of the SJMC for one year. 1986: Mary Ann Yodelis Smith, Ph.D., becomes director of SJMC. Before, she was an administrator at the University of Wisconsin and president of the Journalism Council. 1988: The China Times Center for Media and Social Research is established from funding by the China Times. Professor Chin-Chuan Lee, international relations specialist, is the director.

1980s

1979: The Minnesota Journalism Center, funded by a gift from John and Elizabeth Cowles, is created to promote interaction between journalism academics and professionals.

1988: The

organization for journalists and journalism students officially changes its name from Sigma Delta Chi to the Society

year as acting director of the Hubbard School in 1985-1986 after Director Gerald Kline retired from the job. When Director Mary Ann Yodelis Smith took a job at the University of Wisconsin in 1989, he became the full director.

He retained his teaching position while director and taught classes in advertising and research methods alongside media management. Wackman also authored seven books, including the media management textbook, during his time at Minnesota. He resigned as the Hubbard School Director in 1995 to become the CLA liaison during the University’s transition from quarters to semesters. He continued to teach and research part-time at the School and returned to become a full-time professor and advisor.

When talking about her graduation in 2007 from the Hubbard School, Meghan Norris said Wackman was someone she needed to get her degree. “The J-school doesn't hold your hand, but it is always there to support you,” Norris said. “Having an advisor like Professor Wackman was critical. The guidance and encouragement he gave me were invaluable.” Wackman retired in 2016 after working for the School for 45 years.

s 1970 JEAN WARD

As the first female full professor at the Hubbard School, Jean Ward fought for herself and other women in the field. Ward graduated from Hubbard with a B.A. and wrote for the Minnesota Daily while studying at the School. Ward returned to earn an M.A. in communications and a Ph.D. in American Studies in 1967. In 1972, two years after becoming a junior faculty member at the School, Ward served on a University Senate committee revising the tenure code. During her stint, she advocated strongly for the struggles junior faculty—particularly women— face when seeking promotions or tenure and helped rewrite unsuitable language in the existing code. In her research, Ward focused on urban neighborhood press in the 1970s and information technology after seeing the impact of innovation on the engineering and medical fields. Her curiosity led her to co-create the School’s required class Information for Mass Communication with Professor Kathy Hansen.

“Jean Ward could see around corners and anticipate what was coming before most people even knew where the corners were,” Hansen wrote of Ward after she died. “Jean once told me that people in the 1970s thought she was crazy for pursuing changes in information sources as a research topic. But she wasn’t crazy. She was just seeing around corners.” Jean Ward passed away peacefully in 2020. She was 89.

F. GERALD KLINE

F. Gerald “Jerry” Kline became the director of the Hubbard School late in his career, but still brought new life to the school. “As director of the school, he was a man of vision and vitality, and he brought a high level of excitement and energy to us,” said former Hubbard School professor and director Dan Wackman at one time. “He made the school and us as colleagues much better for his presence.”

Kline earned a B.A. in philosophy in 1963 at the University of North Dakota; in 1969, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. While at the U of M, he directed the research center and worked as an assistant professor. He joined the faculty at the University of Michigan as an associate professor; he founded the Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Mass Communication. He served as its director until 1972 and left Michigan in 1978 to come to the Hubbard School.

As a director, Kline also served as a representative of the Hubbard School and the Twin Cities. In 1980, Kline represented the Hubbard School on a three-week trip to Europe sponsored by the U.S. International Communications Agency. The same year he attended the First Amendment Congress—a conference about freedom of expression—as a delegate from the Twin Cities. He consulted the United States Satellite Broadcasting Inc. of Saint Paul—one of eight companies in America with direct broadcast satellite systems permits—in 1983.

He stepped down as director in 1985 to accept a position as a special assistant to the University’s president. However, he continued to be a journalism professor. Kline passed away from cancer in 1986. He was 49.

1990s 2000s 2010s

of Professional Journalists. The SPJ in 2021 has around 6,000 members.

1989:

The former head of the Communications Research Center, Dan Wackman, becomes director of SJMC. He started at the school in 1971 as an assistant professor. and mass communication education at Minnesota back to its original prominence. 2005: The School begins participating in the U.S. Department of State’s Edward R. Murrow Program for Journalists, welcoming journalists from around the world to the School for programming and special events.

2007: First cohort of the School’s Master’s in Strategic Communication program graduates.

1995: When Wackman moves on to another position, the CLA Dean appoints Robert Scott as the acting director of SJMC. Scott is a professor in the speech department and serves as acting director for three years. 1997: A special University presidentcreated Communications Studies Task Force report calls for a $9 million renovation of Murphy Hall, with new labs, updated equipment and new faculty lines, in addition to the founding of a “New Media Institute” and a state-of-theart information center that brings journalism 1998: After directing graduate and undergraduate studies at the SJMC, Al Tims becomes the acting director. He is appointed full director in 1999 and leads the school into the new millennium. 1999: Construction begins for the Murphy Hall renovation.

2000: The Murphy Hall renovations finish. The School receives a transformational $10 million gift from the Hubbard Broadcasting Foundation. Over the years, the money is used for scholarships, fellowships and a digital media lab in the basement of Murphy Hall.

2004: The School launches an M.A. program in Strategic Communication. 2004: The work of the school faculty, director Al Tims, CLA Dean Steven Rosenstone and university administrators is recognized by an independent review team designed to assess the program’s progress. The independent review lavishes praise on the newly-revitalized SJMC, noting that the work to rejuvenate the program had been “truly transformative within the SJMC” and applauds the school’s “responsiveness and foresight, [which] has allowed it to reclaim its place among the elite schools of journalism in the country.”

HAZEL DICKENGARCIA

Hazel Dicken-Garcia began teaching at the Hubbard School in 1979. During her 31 years, she touched students as both a teacher and a mentor. “I don’t know that I have ever met someone who could so consistently push you to do better while firmly cheering you on as the best,” said former student, Ph.D. advisee, co-author and friend Giovanna Dell’Orto. Dicken-Garcia was a specialist in the history 1970 s of journalism. Her book “Journalistic Standards in Nineteenth-Century America” won the award for the best book published in the field in 1990 by Kappa Tau Alpha, a journalism and mass communications honor society. As a nationally recognized professor, Dicken-Garcia had many awards to her name, including the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Distinguished Service Award, the Morse Minnesota

Alumni Association Award for Outstanding Contribution to Undergraduate Education and the AEJMC award for

Distinguished

Contributions to Graduate

Education.

Additionally, many of her dissertation advisees earned the AEJMC’s dissertation award. When she retired in 2008, the

Hubbard School published a collection of her works to honor her service to the school. She passed away in 2018 at 79.

MARY ANN YODELIS SMITH

As the first female director of the School, Mary Ann Yodelis Smith powered through problems with poise and persistence in her two years at the School. Early on, Yodelis Smith spent 14 years as a nun. At the same time, she wrote for several Iowa newspapers. She went on to earn B.A.s in English, Secondary Education and Theology from Briar Cliff College. She earned an M.A. in Journalism in 1969 and a Ph.D. in Mass Communication in 1971 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

She returned to UW in 1978 and served as the Vice-Chancellor for Academic Affairs for eight years. While at UW, Yodelis Smith also earned multiple awards and grants, wrote articles for journals and campus magazines and gave more than a dozen academic presentations across the U.S.

Alongside her work at UW, she was president of the Journalism Council for one year and was heavily involved in the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. At the AEJMC, she served as head, vice-head and treasurer of the history division and on several general committees. She continued this legacy of work at the U of M when she became director of the School in 1986. She wrote a paper titled “The Delicate Balance: Feminism and the First Amendment,” and served on a panel on the same topic. She won a service award from the alumni association when she resigned in 1988. Smith died in 1994 after surviving eight years with cancer.

s 1980

2010s

2010: The School holds the first See Change: The Power of Visual Communication conference to bring creative professionals together to share thoughts and inspiration about visual communication.

2012:

The School undergoes accreditation, an extensive review conducted every six years by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications (ACEJMC). The School is visited by a site team of four journalism educators and professionals. After its review, the site team recommends full accreditation. 2017: Elisia Cohen becomes director of the School.

2020s

2017: The

University Senate All-Honors Committee and the Board of Regents approve renaming SJMC to the Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication. 2019: The School moves from three undergraduate tracks of study to three distinct majors: journalism, strategic communication and mass communication.

2020-2021: As the COVID-19 epidemic hits the U.S. in the Spring 2020 semester, the School, faculty and students adjust to a mostly online learning environment.

DON GILLMOR

During his 35 years at the Hubbard School, both colleagues and students revered Professor Don Gillmor as a bastion for free speech and press. After a 12-year term at the University of North Dakota, Gillmor joined the School faculty in 1965. He taught as a specialist in media law and first amendment rights until he retired in 1998.

Gillmor earned his B.A. in liberal arts from the University of Manitoba in 1949 and earned his M.A. from the University of Minnesota a year later. He was a reporter for Winnipeg Free Press and was also a part-time copyreader for the Fargo Forum and the Grand Forks Herald while serving on the faculty of the University of North Dakota. He earned his Ph.D. in mass communication from the University of Minnesota in 1961.

One of the most lasting impacts of Gillmor’s legacy is the founding of the Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law (see p. 14). Gillmor also helped establish the law division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication in the 1970s. He wrote many scholarly articles, as well as the book “Mass Communication Law: Cases and Comment,” which became an integral part of journalism education. He was even named one of the country’s “sexiest professors” by Esquire in the early ’70s.

In one of his more than 20 major works, Gillmor wrote, “It is no part of the government's business to decide for the citizen-critic what is of social value in communication and what is not.” And in another, “Freedoms must be exercised with a degree of ethical responsibility … society is best served by a press governed by conscience rather than by government coercion.” Gillmor died in February 2013.

CHIN-CHUAN LEE & THE CHINA TIMES CENTER

A specialist in international communications, Chin-Chuan Lee started at the School in 1982 and wrote articles and books about his native country of Taiwan, as well as China and Hong Kong, during the divisive release of Hong Kong from the British Empire.

However, Lee knew that to get into the nitty-gritty of press in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, he needed to be there. In 1988, he took a year-long sabbatical to advocate and study free press at the Institute of Ethnology Academia Sinica in Taipei, Taiwan. The country was recently free from authoritarian rule, and as a result, Lee called it a laboratory for media studies.

As an international specialist, Lee enjoyed breaking down the relationship between politics and the press and wrote many articles and five books on the subject. He furthered his interests by heading the China Times Center for Media and Social Studies in the Twin Cities. The China Times Foundation in Washington, D.C., created the group with a grant, and the Center hosted an international conference in 1994. The conference brought in people from China, Hong Kong and Taiwan that, according to Lee, would’ve never agreed to meet elsewhere. America, for the moment, was a neutral zone.

While at the School, Lee kept up his correspondence and jobs as a freelance columnist for Hong Kong and Taiwan newspapers. He often took phone calls in the middle of the night or eagerly awaited five-day-late newspapers. However, he was committed to bolstering the relationship between American viewpoints and the actualities of the three countries.

“Political economy in Asian countries is different from the West,” Lee said at the time, “and employing comparative perspectives not only challenges established theories of the West but helps internationalize all our theories.” It’s about working to change those perspectives and not giving in to easy stereotypes, Lee said. “We think news is very comprehensive and we expect journalists to provide a representative view but in fact, their news perspective is very narrow,” he said. “News is an imperfect medium.”

Lee was a professor at the School for 22 years before retiring in 2004. Lee now teaches at the City University of Hong Kong.

BROVALDSIM INTERNSHIPS CREATED

In 1991, the School and the Minnesota Newspaper Association created memorial internships for Walter Brovald and John Sim. As both had an interest in community journalism, the internships would too. “The Brovald-Sim Internship Program will help students understand the needs, benefits and importance of local newspapers,” according to a story in the Reporter in 1991. “And will help create a bond between students and community journalism.”

Initially, the internships would last one quarter, and students would write weekly articles for a community newspaper. Now, however, it’s a practicum class taught every spring that highlights underreported communities on campus.

AL TIMS

Al Tims was never one to take the easy way out, so it wasn't a surprise when he exceeded expectations as interim director of the Hubbard School. It also wasn't a surprise when he was named full director in 1999. Before that, Tims was the

Director of both Graduate Studies and Undergraduate Studies at the School and the Director of Area Studies Programs of the Institute of International Studies at the University. Tims earned his Ph.D. in mass communication in 1990 s 1982 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He spent a few years teaching at other schools and working with government policy agencies until he joined the Hubbard School in 1987. After becoming interim director in 1998, Tims inherited the School’s policy to lobby the legislature for grant money. Once approved, Tims spearheaded the plan for remodeling Murphy Hall, restructured the curriculum to focus on new and changing media, and implemented a professional master's degree program for strategic communication. Tims was an advocate for the School’s robust adjunct faculty. “Adjunct professors play a vital role in what the

School is trying to accomplish," he said at the time. “They're the key link between the professional community and the students, and are the perfect complement to what the regular faculty provide. We're incredibly lucky to have such a vibrant community of adjuncts to enrich our program.” Tims retired in 2017 after 30 years with the Hubbard School.

MURPHY HALL REMODELED

In July 1999, Murphy Hall began a $9 million renovation, meant to bring the 60-year-old building up to date with modern times. The renovation included the addition of the Institute of New Media Studies, moving the Sevareid Library to the basement, adding the first-floor conference center, transforming the entire 17,000-square-foot basement into a hub for journalism and mass communication, and much more. The renovation was just one part of then University President Yudof’s New Media Initiative, which also called for the addition of more faculty members, the reintroduction of a photojournalism program, and the rebuilding of community ties with the School.

THE WAKE IS FOUNDED

There was one phrase Hubbard School students Chris Ruen and James DeLong heard more than any other in the spring of 2002: “In the wake of 9/11…” Selfdescribed as rebellious students, they felt the University and its students needed an alternative voice—the only campus publication was The Daily—after the national tragedy to express what students wanted to talk about. So they created The Wake.

The Wake is a free bi-weekly student-run and student-written magazine. Published both online and in print, it covers a mix of local news, serious issues, opinions, reviews and humor, on- and off-campus. It celebrates its 20th anniversary in 2022.

Though it employs staff and interns, the magazine relies on freelancers to write most of the stories and create the accompanying artwork. Writers can pick up a staff member’s pitch or pitch their own stories with topics ranging from the best local cafes to the perils of ethnic ambiguity.

But it’s not just for artists and writers. The Wake covers everything in magazine production: from copy-editing to design to distribution and more.

STAY TUNED!

We have more Centennial stories and memories to share in the next issue of the Murphy Reporter. But we can use your help! Who or what would you like to see featured in the next issue? Share with us at z.umn.edu/ HubbardStories or email murphrep@umn.edu.

2000 s

THE SILHA CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF MEDIA ETHICS AND LAW

When he retired from Cowles Media Company in 1984, Otto Silha, former president and publisher of The Minneapolis Star and The Minneapolis Tribune, was so convinced that media ethics and law “go to the heart and core of both the profession of journalism and the media business” that he gave $2.5 million to his alma mater to establish the Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law.

Reflecting on Otto’s legacy, his son, Stephen Silha, wrote, “Otto retired and literally the next day he announced the creation of the Silha Center.” An additional donation in 1990 endowed a chair, the Silha Professor of Media Ethics and Law, followed by a third for research in 1999. “Both of our parents [Otto and Helen] were seekers after truth,” Stephen continued. “They both believed in ethics and basic human decency. It’s fitting that they created the Silha Center, a rare academic center that explores the intersections of media ethics and media law. Those explorations and inquiries are as important now as they were then—maybe more so.”

Since 1999, Jane E. Kirtley, current Silha Professor and Silha Center Director, has developed and expanded the Silha Center’s programs; spoken at numerous academic and professional conferences and seminars, many of them in developing democracies; given interviews to countless news organizations and scholars; and authored academic articles and texts. In 2010, the U.S. State Department published Kirtley’s Media Law Handbook. Translated into nine languages, Kirtley’s Handbook is found in U.S. Embassies around the world. Under her guidance, the Silha Center also joins media coalitions and media advocacy groups advocating for protection for journalists and access to information.

The annual endowed Silha Lecture has hosted distinguished and innovative thinkers including Floyd Abrams, Theodore Boutrous, James Goodale, Lynne Rossetto Kasper, Randall Kennedy, Anthony Lewis and Mark Stephens, speaking on topics such as the First Amendment and national security, reporter’s privilege, academic freedom, the #MeToo movement and the ethics of criticism.

Silha forums typically focus on media ethics issues, including how journalists cover the military, health news, sports and crime victims. In 2018, a symposium, “The State of Our Satirical Union,” marked the 30th anniversary of Hustler Magazine v. Falwell, a seminal Supreme Court ruling affirming the First Amendment right of satirists to lampoon public figures. Co-sponsored by the Association of American Editorial Cartoonists, the symposium featured Pulitzer Prize-winning political cartoonists and media scholars reflecting on the impact of the decision on their work today. (For more on the symposium, visit stateofoursatiricalunion.umn.edu.)

Silha Center research projects provide opportunities for talented graduate and law students to enhance their own scholarship. Under Kirtley’s guidance, research assistants write and edit the Silha Center’s newsletter, the Bulletin, established in 1994 and widely used in law offices and college classrooms around the world. Since 2009, they have helped prepare a report on developments in privacy and data protection for the Practising Law Institute’s Communications Law in the Digital Age annual conference. They also help draft amicus briefs and comments to a variety of court, legislative and administrative bodies.

Even during the pandemic, Kirtley and the Silha research assistants have covered breaking media law and ethics issues, including the First Amendment implications of the civil unrest following the murder of George Floyd and the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection in Washington, D.C. Former Silha research assistants now continue their work at leading universities and law firms around the world.

In its 37 years, the Silha Center has become an internationally-recognized source for expert commentary on ethical responsibilities and legal rights of the media in a democratic society.

Stephen Silha observed, “Otto was so grateful for the [initial] leadership of [SJMC professors] Don Gillmor, Ted Glasser, Hazel Dicken-Garcia, and Bill Babcock. The year Otto died [1999], Jane Kirtley took over and has steered the Center into ever more useful, creative, and important areas of study and education. Special thanks and congratulations to the Silha Center staff, who have not only kept the fires burning, but continue to blaze new trails.”

Proof of the Silha Center’s dedication to Otto’s Silha’s vision can be found in its many accomplishments. To learn more about Kirtley’s work, the Silha Bulletin, and to find videos and other information about Silha events, visit the Silha Center’s website at silha.umn.edu.

1980 s

Clockwise from left: Helen and Otto Silha at the Reagan inauguration. Lynn Rosetto Kasper, author and host of American Public Media’s “The Splendid Table,” speaks about “A Question of Taste: The Ethics and Craft of Restaurant Reviewing.” Ann Telnaes, The Washington Post’s editorial cartoonist at the 2018 symposium: “The State of Our Satirical Union: Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell at 30.” Formal dedication of the Silha Center with Ted Koppel (third from left) in 1987. Randall Kennedy, The Michael R. Klein Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, delivered the 2016 Silha Lecture, “The Politics and Law of the Culture Wars.”