ŠPieter ten Hoopen/Plan
Briefing Kit Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
CONTENTS
OCHA Regional Office for Asia-Pacific: countries and territories 2 OCHA ROAP flyers - OCHA in Asia and the Pacific
3
- Tools & services 5 - Coordination in emergencies 7 - Response preparedness 9 - Emergency response 11 - Regional partnerships 13 - Humanitarian analysis 15 - Community engagement 17 World Humanitarian Summit - At a glance 19 Disaster response in Asia and the Pacific guide 20 ROAP emergency deployments - as of Jan 2014
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Support to emergency relief efforts worldwide - How to give 22 Addressing the challenges of today’s humanitarian crises
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OCHA strategic plan 2014-2017 24
OCHA ROAP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Executive Suite, 2nd Floor, UNCC Building, Rajdamnern Nok Ave, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Tel: +66 (0) 2288 1234 ocha-roap@un.org
Fax: +66 (0) 2288 1043
www.unocha.org/roap
@OCHAAsiaPac 1
OCHA Regional Office for Asia-Pacific: Countries and Territories (as of July 2015) OCHA OFFICES
MONGOLIA DPR KOREA Pyongyang
C
H
I
N
JAPAN
RO KOREA
A
Kobe
BHUTAN
NEPAL
Kathmandu
IN D I A
MYANMAR LAO BANGLADESH PDR VIET NAM THAILAND
Yangon
Bay of Bengal
Bangkok
Colombo
Taiwan Province of China (Ch)
Manila
China
CAMBODIA Sea
Guam (US)
PHILIPPINES
PALAU
M A L AY S I A
MALDIVES
F E D E R AT E D S TAT E S O F MICRONESIA
MARSHALL ISLANDS
KIRIBATI
SINGAPORE
INDIAN OCEAN
I
N
D
O
N
E
S
I
NAURU
A PA P U A N E W GUINEA
Jakarta
Christmas Island (Aus) Cocos Island (Aus)
TIMOR-LESTE
SOLOMON ISLANDS
TUVALU
Tokelau (NZ)
Wallis and Futuna (Fra) VA N U AT U
AUSTRALIA
Regional Office
New Caledonia (Fra)
Norfolk Island (Aus)
Country Office Humanitarian Advisory Team
NEW ZEALAND
Niue (NZ) TONGA
OCHA ROP Level 5, Kadavu House, 414 Victoria Parade, Suva, Fiji C/O UNDP Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji Tel: +67 (9) 331 6760 Fax: +67 (9) 330 9762
OCHA Nepal GPO Box, 107 UN House, Pulchowk, Kathmandu,Nepal Tel: +977 (1) 522 3200 Fax: +977 (1) 533 6443
24 COUNTRIES
SAMOA
FIJI Suva
OCHA Myanmar No. 5, Kanbawza Street, Shwe Taung Kyar 2 Ward, Bahan Township, Yangon, Myanmar Tel: +95 (1) 230 5662, 230 5682, 230 5683 Fax: 95 (1) 2305684
OCHA Japan Reduction Museum East 5F, ASEAN Liaison Office/ 1-5-2 WakinohamaOCHA Indonesia Kaigandori, Chuo-ku Kobe, Manara Thamrin 8th Floor, 651-0073, Japan Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 3, Tel: +81 (7) 8262 5555 Jakarta 10250, Fax: +81 (7) 8262 5558 Indonesia Tel: +62 (21) 314 1308 OCHA Sri Lanka Fax: +62 (21) 3190 0003 UN Compound, 202-204 Bauddhaloka Mawatha, OCHA Philippines Colombo 07, Sri Lanka 29th Floor, Tel: +94 (11) 452 8689 Yuchengco Tower, Fax: +94 (11) 452 8690 RCBC Plaza, 6819 Ayala Avenue,Makati City 1226, OCHA DPR Korea Philippines 21 Munsudong Tel: +63 (2) 843 9553 Pyongyang, DPR Korea Fax: +63 (2) 844 1002 Tel: +857 (2) 381 772
Northern Mariana Islands (US)
South
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
SRI LANKA
PA C I F I C OCEAN
OCHA ROAP Executive Suite, 2nd Floor, UNCC Building, Rajdamnern Nok Ave, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Tel: +66 (0) 2288 1234 Fax: +66 (0) 2288 1043 E-mail: ocha-roap@un.org
French Polynesia (Fra.)
COOK ISLANDS
Australia Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China India Indonesia Japan Korea, DPR Korea, RO Lao PDR
3 TERRITORIES
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Creation date: July 2015
Sources: OCHA ROAP
Feedback: roap@un.org
www.unocha.org/roap
www.reliefweb.int
Norfolk Island (Aus) Christmas Island (Aus) Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Aus)
Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Papua New Guinea Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste Viet Nam
OCHA in Asia and the Pacific
Credit: ©Markus Werne/OCHA
OCHA’s Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific coordinates emergency preparedness and response in the world’s most disaster prone region. Every year, millions of people in the region are affected by natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical storms, flooding, landslides and volcanic eruptions. These events are becoming more frequent and severe, compounded by the effects of climate change and growing population density. OCHA plays a key role in dealing with the consequences of disasters. It leads and coordinates international humanitarian preparedness and response efforts throughout the region in support of national governments. The OCHA Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific supports 24 countries and four territories. It focuses in particular on 11 countries that are highly vulnerable to hazards and have a low capacity to respond. OCHA works with these countries to ensure coordinated and effective international responses to emergency situations.
For further information on OCHA ROAP, contact:
KEY NUMBERS 2014
126
natural disasters
85M
people affected
OCHA REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ROAP) Executive Suite, Second Floor, UNCC Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Tel: +66 (0) 2288 1234 Fax: +66 (0) 22881043
Email: ocha-roap@un.org www.unocha.org/roap 3 @OCHAAsiaPac
What we do? J A PA N
PHILIPPINES
M YA N M A R
OCHA in Asia and the Pacific focuses on a wide range of activities, from emergency response and preparedness to humanitarian coordination, partnership building and information management. OCHA’s regional presence comprises experienced staff who respond to emergencies immediately by deploying at the onset of a disaster in the region.
THAILAND SRI LANKA
INDONESIA FIJI
Regional office Country office Humanitarian Advisory Team
OCHA has presences in Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, the Philippines and Sri Lanka (until end of 2015). OCHA also has a regional office in Fiji, which covers the Pacific region.
ROAP can provide support to strengthen the inter-cluster coordination system; fundraise for humanitarian financing; information management, reporting and communication services to advocate for those affected; and civil-military expertise for greater efficiency in the delivery of humanitarian aid. Asia and Pacific countries are increasingly developing their own skills and capability to respond to emergencies. OCHA is helping governments to achieve greater national leadership in coordination, to raise international support where needed, and to optimize the speed and volume of critical assistance delivered immediately after the onset of a humanitarian emergency.
OCHA’s work in Asia and the Pacific focuses on four key areas:
Humanitarian challenges in 2014
Emergency response When a disaster occurs, it is critical to have the right people in the right place at the right time. OCHA’s regional office maintains a strong and diverse team of emergency response experts on standby ready to deploy as soon as disaster strikes.
Response preparedness Good planning leads to good response. OCHA’s emergency preparedness work enables Humanitarian Country Teams, national governments and regional organizations to rapidly identify, evaluate, and respond to a wide spectrum of
The Asia-Pacific region laid claim to almost half of the world’s 290 natural disasters.
84%
emergencies.
Global percentage of people affected by natural disasters in the Asia-Pacific region.
Regional partnerships Sustained relations, built on trust and mutual respect, are vital when preparing for and responding to humanitarian emergencies. This is the basis for OCHA’s work in partnership building among humanitarian actors across the Asia-Pacific region.
Humanitarian analysis Gathering, managing and analyzing information in a timely and systematic manner is key to making the right decisions in a disaster response situation. OCHA is leading efforts to harness existing and new technologies for humanitarian risk analysis and needs assessment.
ASIA
43%
30%
Thirty per cent of the world’s ongoing conflicts in 2014 took place in Asia-Pacific region.
PACIFIC
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Tools and services
Credit: ŠOrla Fagan/OCHA
OCHA provides support to national governments to access humanitarian tools and services in major humanitarian crises, providing greater speed and increased volume to deliver the necessary life-saving relief, to disaster-affected people. Tools and services help Member States and other humanitarian partners to make informed decisions, help the vulnerable more effectively, and increase the predictability of emergency response operations. OCHA also helps to raise money for humanitarian response operations so that vital humanitarian funds are available quickly and have the greatest impact possible.
For further information on OCHA ROAP, contact:
- The Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) - Flash Appeals - OCHA Emergency Cash Grant (ECG) - UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination Team (UNDAC) - Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) - Rapid Needs Assessments - Civil-Military Coordination
OCHA REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ROAP) Executive Suite, Second Floor, UNCC Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Tel: +66 (0) 2288 1234 Fax: +66 (0) 22881043
Email: ocha-roap@un.org www.unocha.org/roap 5 @OCHAAsiaPac
The Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) The CERF is a humanitarian fund designed to kick-start an emergency response, ensuring that people affected by disasters and conflict are able to receive life-saving assistance quickly. Funding can be allocated rapidly after a disaster and comprises a grant facility of up to US$450 million and a loan facility of $30 million. The Emergency Relief Coordinator allocates funds on the basis of articulated needs as prioritised by the HC and Humanitarian Country team. The CERF is replenished through annual contributions from governments, the private sector, foundations and individuals. It was established by the UN General Assembly in 2006 and is managed by the Under-Secretary-General for humanitarian affairs and emergency relief.
Flash Appeals
Urban Search and Rescue (USAR)
Flash Appeals are an inter-agency planning tool designed to structure coordinated humanitarian responses for immediate life-saving efforts during the first three to six months of emergencies. The appeal is usually issued within one week of the onset of an emergency and can also include recovery projects. Flash Appeals are funded by donors including Member States.
USAR Teams can be requested by affected Member States through either bilateral channels or through the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) Secretariat, based at OCHA Geneva. OCHA ROAP and the INSARAG community acknowledges the importance of providing rapid, professional USAR support during disasters that result in structural collapse.
Rapid Impact Assessments OCHA plays a key role in coordinating international, multi-sectoral needs assessments in disaster-affected countries. At policy level, OCHA co-chairs the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Needs Assessment Task Force, while in the field, OCHA and partners conduct rapid assessments in new or deteriorating emergencies, to provide an evidence base for strategic planning and humanitarian action. As a preparedness measure, OCHA works with partners to ensure procedures are in place to efficiently execute needs assessments when required. In environmental disaster situations, OCHA facilitates the provision of environmental expertise and mobile laboratories from countries willing to donate resources.
UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination Team (UNDAC)
Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination
As part of the international emergency response system for sudden-onset emergencies, UNDAC is designed to help the UN and governments of disaster-affected countries during the first phase of an emergency. UNDAC teams are available around the clock and their services provided free of charge to affected countries. They respond at the request of the affected government and are managed by OCHA. UNDAC teams are trained emergency managers from different countries and international organizations.
OCHA ROAP develops innovative policy and guidance in UN-CMCoord. This includes the publication of the “APC MADRO Guidelines” that encompass the overarching principles and concepts guiding the use of foreign military assets in disaster response in the Asia-Pacific region. OCHA ROAP also leads the first multi-stakeholder Regional Consultative Group (RCG) on Humanitarian CivilMilitary Coordination for Asia and the Pacific. The RCG objective is to facilitate coordinated planning for disaster response as well as to engage and maintain a focus on the region’s complex emergencies.
OCHA Emergency Cash Grant OCHA’s Emergency Cash Grant provides immediate support for the most pressing needs of people affected by disasters with a maximum of $100,000 allocation per disaster. It supports local purchases of relief items, logistics support and, if needed, personnel to assist the Humanitarian Coordinator in relief coordination.
ASIA
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Coordination in emergencies
HUMANITARIAN & EMERGENCY RELIEF COORDINATOR
Coordination is central to effective humanitarian response and OCHA’s role is to bring together humanitarian actors to assist people when they most need relief. Good coordination ensures response is efficient, effective, coherent and cost efficient. Coordination includes: • strong humanitarian leaders through the appointment of experienced in-country Humanitarian Coordinators • ensuring humanitarian coordination structures are supported where all relevant organizations can contribute effectively and systematically • promoting efficient interaction within the Humanitarian Country Team representing all major humanitarian actors • mobilizing funding and other resources quickly and efficiently during a crisis
For further information on OCHA ROAP, contact:
OCHA is guided by General Assembly resolution 46/182 that established new arrangements for humanitarian coordination in 1991 to: strengthen the UN response to complex emergencies and natural disasters improve the overall effectiveness of humanitarian operations in the field establish a robust coordination framework for international humanitarian assistance
OCHA REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ROAP) Executive Suite, Second Floor, UNCC Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Tel: +66 (0) 2288 1234 Fax: +66 (0) 22881043
Email: ocha-roap@un.org www.unocha.org/roap 7 @OCHAAsiaPac
The international humanitarian system follows a set of concrete actions aimed at transforming the way in which the humanitarian community responds to emergencies. The three key areas required to improve the timeliness and effectiveness of a collective response are:
LEADERSHIP
COORDINATION
ACCOUNTABILITY
Provides strategic planning, timeliness and effectiveness of the humanitarian community.
Delivers a greater symbiosis among organizations responding to a crisis.
Improves transparency and meets the needs of the community and donors.
The cluster system Clusters are groups of humanitarian organizations (UN and non-UN) working in the main sectors of humanitarian response. Set up in 2005, the cluster system ensures capacity, leadership, predictability and accountability in an international response. Clusters provide a clear point of contact; are accountable for adequate and appropriate humanitarian assistance; and address gaps and strengthen the effectiveness of humanitarian response through partnerships between international humanitarian actors, national and local authorities and civil society.
OCHA’s role in the cluster system OCHA plays a central role in ensuring a smooth operation of the cluster system, which is activated by the Emergency Relief Coordinator whenever major emergencies require a multi-sectoral response. Humanitarian Coordinators can also apply the cluster approach in ongoing emergencies. At a global level, OCHA develops policies, coordinates inter-cluster issues, disseminates operational guidance and organizes field support in close cooperation with agencies and NGOs. At country level, under the Humanitarian Coordinator’s leadership, it helps to ensure that the humanitarian system functions efficiently. At the field level, OCHA helps ensure that the humanitarian system functions well and in support of the Humanitarian Coordinator’s leadership. OCHA provides guidance and support to the Humanitarian Coordinator and Humanitarian Country Team, and facilitates inter-cluster coordination and endorses operational decisions including needs assessment, joint planning, implementation, coordinating resource mobilization and monitoring and evaluation.
Coordinating preparedness OCHA provides support to country offices in the region for preparedness in advance of a crisis. Partnering with local and national authorities, regional bodies, UN agencies, NGOs and the private sector to put the right structures in place ensure that all parties concerned are equipped to respond to an emergency. OCHA’s regional and country offices are on constant standby to respond at short notice to emergencies. They support several surge-capacity mechanisms and networks that enable the broader humanitarian community to respond rapidly to natural disasters and complex emergencies.
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G RIN O T EPAREDNE NI M PR SS O MU AC I IN TI M O
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RISK A NA LYS IS
&
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Response preparedness
ADVANCED PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS & CONTINGENCY PLANNING
PRELIMINARY RESPONSE PLAN
Good preparedness leads to good response; this is the basis for OCHA’s emergency preparedness work encompassing emergency response preparedness (ERP). The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) developed the Emergency Response Preparedness (ERP) guidance to enable the international humanitarian system to apply a operational approach to emergency preparedness. The primary aim of the ERP guidance is to optimize the speed and volume of critical assistance delivered immediately after the onset of a humanitarian emergency. Target countries for OCHA’s preparedness work are selected annually using the Index for Risk Management (INFORM), a global inter-agency tool for understanding the risk of humanitarian crises.
For further information on OCHA ROAP, contact:
ROAP ‘FOCUS COUNTRIES’ IN 2015: Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia DPR Korea Indonesia Lao PDR Maldives Myanmar
Mongolia Nepal Papua New Guinea Philippines Sri Lanka Timor-Leste Thailand Viet Nam
OCHA REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ROAP) Executive Suite, Second Floor, UNCC Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Tel: +66 (0) 2288 1234 Fax: +66 (0) 22881043
Email: ocha-roap@un.org www.unocha.org/roap 9 @OCHAAsiaPac
Situation and Risk Analysis Response Strategy Operational Delivery Coordination and Management Arrangements Operational Support Arrangements Preparedness Gaps and Actions Funding Requirements
There are three elements of the ERP The risk analysis provides a clear and common understanding through identifying the hazards that could trigger a crisis and ranks them by impact and likelihood. The risk ranking determines whether thresholds are low, medium, or high, and whether minimum or advanced preparedness actions are recommended Outcome: clear and common understanding of the risks. Minimum preparedness actions (MPAs) are a set of activities that every Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) must implement in order to establish a minimum level of operational readiness within the country. The MPAs are not risk or scenario specific and usually do not require significant additional resources. This step lays the foundation for a rapid build-up of emergency readiness. MPAs should include actions related to: risk monitoring; establishment of coordination and management arrangements; preparing for joint needs assessments; information management; and establishing operational capacity and arrangements to deliver critical relief assistance and protection. Outcome: a foundation of operational readiness. Advanced preparedness actions (APAs) and the contingency plan are designed to advance Humanitarian Country Team readiness to respond to identified specific risks. Unlike the MPAs, the APAs are risk specific, building on the MPAs already in place. A Contingency Plan sets out the initial response strategy and operational plan to meet the humanitarian needs during the first three to four weeks of an emergency. This step identifies additional resource requirements, both human and financial, and supports the timely drafting of response plans and appeal documents in the event of an emergency. Outcome: readiness to respond to specific risks, including response strategy and operational plan.
Preparedness for large-scale emergencies in Asia OCHA is collaborating with WFP on a joint initiative that aims to improve regional preparedness to response to large-scale emergencies in five Asian countries: Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal and the Philippines. The project focuses on four areas of preparedness:
• Improved national capacity to respond to humanitarian emergencies and when necessary, to request/receive external assistance • Strengthened regional and international preparedness to augment national responses in a coordinated manner
ASIA Impartiality
• Improved timeliness and appropriateness of humanitarian response, with national actors effectively leading and external responders supporting response operations
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• Increased predictability and coordination between regional and international responders and host governments
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Emergency response
Credit: ŠOrla Fagan/OCHA
It is critical to have the right people, with the right skills, in the right place at the right time when a disaster strikes. OCHA supports national Governments in leading emergency response efforts in the Asia-Pacific region. OCHA provides a first wave of surge response for emergencies that occur in the region where governments request specific targeted support to cover gaps. OCHA in Asia-Pacific maintains a strong and diverse team of emergency response experts ready to deploy in a matter of hours following a disaster. Their skills are geared towards increasing the speed and volume necessary to help save lives and respond to the needs of people. OCHA’s response teams support national governments with specialists who can provide the skills and services that may be otherwise absent, to enable a more effective response. They also support in-country teams to coordinate needs assessment, humanitarian financing, information management, communications and advocacy needs, and civil-military coordination.
For further information on OCHA ROAP, contact:
RESPONSE
7
ROAP responds on average to 7 disasters each year
OCHA REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ROAP) Executive Suite, Second Floor, UNCC Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Tel: +66 (0) 2288 1234 Fax: +66 (0) 22881043
Email: ocha-roap@un.org www.unocha.org/roap 11 @OCHAAsiaPac
INTERCLUSTER COORDINATION
REPORTING
Responding to an emergency requires coordination from the village to government level and everywhere in between. OCHA facilitates the conditions to bring the various actors, including the community itself to ensure efficient, cost-effective and successful responses to emergencies. It leads the international community’s efforts to establish a robust and effective humanitarian coordination system at both the global and country level, usually in support of the national government. OCHA coordinates the various humanitarian clusters (groups of humanitarian organizations that deal with specific sectors of humanitarian action), to work together to deliver aid in an effective and efficient manner.
HUMANITARIAN FINANCING OCHA disaster management teams deploy and coordinate the development of requests to the CERF, the development of Flash Appeals, Consolidated Appeals and pooled funds. OCHA ensures that this vital humanitarian financing reaches priority programmes in a timely and fair manner, with the greatest impact possible. The Financial Tracking Service (FTS) can be followed on the OCHA web page fts.unocha.org
NEEDS ASSESSMENTS Delivering timely aid that targets the needs of people, requires reliable data. OCHA coordinates international efforts to assist disaster-affected countries to conduct rapid assessments and develop strategies to respond. Working in partnership with governments, OCHA helps the humanitarian community develop assessment tools and methodologies in line with international best practice and to improve the speed and reliability of information.
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Every emergency relies on accurate, trustworthy data for effective response. OCHA’s information management team deploys immediately to a new disaster to support coordination. They will prepare and share the Common and Fundamental Operational Datasets (CODs & FODs). They will convene and lead an Information Management Working Group. They will deploy and administer IASC information tools and platforms such as humanitarianresponse.info and HumanitarianID. They will also assist coordination through the development of a Who does What Where (3W) database and produce numerous maps and infographics, as well as provide data management support to assessments.
MAPPING High-quality maps are essential for successful relief planning and action in the event of an emergency. OCHA produces a variety of maps to inform strategic responses including reference, hazard, climate and storm maps, emergency situation maps and humanitarian snapshots. These provide valuable data for donors, partner organizations and the media.
ASIA Impartiality
MEDIA & COMMUNICATIONS OCHA’s unique advocacy role enables it to speak for the interests of the broader humanitarian community as well as people affected by disaster or conflict. During an emergency, OCHA spokespersons provide regular press briefings and interviews for the media on the overall humanitarian situation. They play a key role in ensuring the humanitarian community speaks with one voice and keeps the attention focused on the most important humanitarian needs and issues.
HUMANITARIAN CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION Military and Civil Defence Assets (MCDA) including machinery to clear debris and helicopters to deliver assistance is a valuable asset in a sudden on-set disaster. To establish a predictable approach to the use of these assets, and facilitate the coordination of planning processes between civilian and military actors, OCHA has established a multistakeholder Regional Consultative Group (RCG) on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia-Pacific. One of the key activities of the RCG is also to facilitate awareness and ensure dissemination of the Asia-Pacific Regional Guidelines for the Use of Foreign Military Assets in Natural Disaster Response Operations (“APC MADRO Guidelines”) that encompass the overarching principles and concepts guiding the use of foreign military assets in disaster response operations in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Within 24 hours of an emergency OCHA issues a situation report providing a comprehensive overview of the humanitarian needs, response and gaps. The reports are used to raise awareness and assist partners directly involved in the humanitarian emergency. They also inform the wider humanitarian community of developments in the field and are used for resource mobilization.
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Regional partnerships
Credit: ©Elizabeth Marasco/OCHA
OCHA is building strategic and operational partnerships with a wide range of groups and organizations across the Asia-Pacific region to bring greater predictability and effectiveness to humanitarian response. The changing environment, and particularly the growing capacity of middle income countries, in Asia and the Pacific mean that ensuring effective coordination with the communities, national/local authorities and regional organizations that increasingly stand at the centre of disaster response are a core part of OCHA’s work. At the same time, the region’s continued exposure to major shocks means the international system is increasingly focused on preparing to respond at greater speed and larger volume when mega-disasters occur. By working with the private sector and foreign militaries, OCHA ensures that actors with the capacity to have a critical impact in the initial days and weeks after a disaster are better integrated into government-led and coordinated response.
For further information on OCHA ROAP, contact:
PRIVATE SECTOR
35M
(US$ millions) Private sector donations to the Nepal earthquake response 2015 Source: OCHA
OCHA REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ROAP) Executive Suite, Second Floor, UNCC Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Tel: +66 (0) 2288 1234 Fax: +66 (0) 22881043
Email: ocha-roap@un.org www.unocha.org/roap 13 @OCHAAsiaPac
When humanitarian relief is delivered quickly and critical needs are addressed immediately, communities are better placed to focus on restoring livelihoods and recover from the initial shock. The support of international and regional actors can also bring valuable lessons, standards and principles to wider disaster response and early recovery efforts. Humanitarian civil-military response
Civil society engagement
21 COUNTRIES
71 NETWORKS
Military assets from 21 countries supported the humanitarian response following Typhoon Haiyan, in the Philippines (2013).
works with:
71 national and 10 sub-national networks identified in 27 countries, in addition to 17 regional and multi-country networks in Asia-Pacific region.
To prepare more effectively, governments and national disaster management organisations manage incoming humanitarian assistance during an emergency and provide assistance to other countries when disaster strikes. Through biannual Regional Humanitarian Partnerships Forums, and the regularly updated publication Disaster Response in Asia and the Pacific: a Guide to International Tools and Services – which provides disaster managers with a concise reference guide to international and regional preparedness and response capacities – OCHA raises governments’ awareness of resources upon which they can call and supports the sharing of experience among a wide group of stakeholders: www.unocha.org/publications/asiadisasterresponse
National and international militaries to strengthen humanitarian civil-military coordination and planning. Conducting joint training exercises with military partners through the Asia-Pacific Conferences in forums such as the Asian Regional Forum (ARF), ASEAN Disaster Response Exercise (ARDEX) and the Regional Consultative Group for Asia and the Pacific.
Regional networks to bring together humanitarian responders and disaster managers from international, regional and national civil society. This includes the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Regional Network for Asia-Pacific and the Asian Disaster Response and Reduction Network (ADRRN)
Regional intergovernmental organizations such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as well as other regional groupings such as the East Asian Summit (EAS). OCHA coordinates the ASEAN-UN Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management and works closely with the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (AHA Centre). Private sector networks and businesses to support the establishment of private sector coordination platforms and engage network representatives in preparedness efforts at country level.
Academic institutions and researchers to develop innovative humanitarian policy, practices and platforms that support greater inclusivity and diversity in response.
Regional Humanitarian Communications Network to share information and training resources, build media understanding of humanitarian response and develop common advocacy and communication strategies on humanitarian issues.
The Working Group on Gender in humanitarian action to strengthen protection and planning for the needs of the most vulnerable groups, including women, children and youth, the elderly and disabled. For more information, email knutson@un.org or gilmand@un.org
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Humanitarian analysis
Credit: ©Anthony Burke/OCHA
Gathering, managing and analyzing information in a timely and systematic manner is key to making the right decisions in a disaster response situation. OCHA leads efforts to harness existing and new technologies for humanitarian risk analysis and needs assessment.
For further information on OCHA ROAP, contact:
Lack of Coping Capacity
Physical Infrastructure
Access to Health System
Governance
Communication
DRR
Vulnerable Institutional Infrastructure Groups Other Vulnerable Groups
Inequality (25%)
Aid Dependency (25%)
SocioEconomic Development & Deprivation (50%)
Human Drought
Natural
Vulnerability
Uprooted People
Hazard & Exposure
Projected Conflict Risk
Component level
INFORM
Current Conflict Intensity
INFORM can help identify where and why crises and disasters are likely to occur so we can reduce the risks, build people’s resilience and prepare and respond better.
Ranking level Concept level (Dimensions) Functional level (Categories)
Earthquake Tsunami Flood Tropical cyclone
Based on the Global Focus Model - a humanitarian risk tool developed by OCHA’s regional office in Asia-Pacific, the Index for Risk Management (INFORM) is a global, open-source risk assessment for humanitarian crises and disasters.
OCHA REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ROAP) Executive Suite, Second Floor, UNCC Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Tel: +66 (0) 2288 1234 Fax: +66 (0) 22881043
Email: ocha-roap@un.org www.unocha.org/roap 15 @OCHAAsiaPac
OCHA Regional Office for Asia-Pacific: Countries and Territories (as of Jul 2014) 24 COUNTRIES MONGOLIA DPR KOREA
C
H
I
N
JAPAN
RO KOREA
A
Kobe
NEPAL
IN D IA
BHUTAN
MYANMAR LAO BANGLADESH PDR VIET NAM THAILAND
Yangon
Bay of Bengal
Bangkok
Colombo
Northern Mariana Islands (US)
South Manila
China
CAMBODIA Sea
Guam (US)
PHILIPPINES
PALAU
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
SRI LANKA
PA C I F I C OCEAN
Taiwan Province of China (Ch)
M A L AY S I A
MALDIVES
F E D E R AT E D S TAT E S O F MICRONESIA
MARSHALL ISLANDS
I
N
D
O
N
E
S
I
PA P U A N E W GUINEA
Jakarta TIMOR-LESTE
Christmas Island (Aus) Cocos Island (Aus)
Myanmar Nepal
China
Papua New Guinea
India
Philippines
Indonesia
Singapore
Japan
Sri Lanka
Korea, DPR
Thailand
Korea, RO
Timor-Leste
Lao PDR
Viet Nam
Christmas Island (Aus) Taiwan Province of China (Ch)
SOLOMON ISLANDS
TUVALU WALLIS AND FUTUNA
TOKELAU SAMOA
FIJI Suva
Regional Office
Mongolia
Brunei Darussalam Cambodia
Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Aus)
VA N U AT U
AUSTRALIA
Maldives
Bhutan
Norfolk Island (Aus) NAURU
A
Malaysia
Bangladesh
4 TERRITORIES
KIRIBATI
SINGAPORE
INDIAN OCEAN
Australia
NEW CALEDONIA
NIUE TONGA
FRENCH POLYNESIA COOK ISLANDS PITCAIRN
NORFOLK ISLAND
Country Office Humanitarian Advisory Team
NEW ZEALAND
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
Hazard maps describe the risks affecting different countries at different times.
Creation date: 21 Apr 2014
Sources: OCHA ROAP Feedback: roap@un.org www.unocha.org/roap www.reliefweb.int
Reference maps provide valuable baseline data (i.e. population density, average temperature, etc.) to put events in context.
Situation maps overlay operational information over an affected area to assist in coordination.
ROAP ‘FOCUS COUNTRIES’ IN 2015:
Humanitarian snapshots incorporate maps and graphics to summarize complex situations and deliver advocacy messages.
Reliable, relevant and accessible baseline datasets are an essential component of a good response operation, particularly in the early hours and days when responders are mobilising a fast and targeted response, at a sufficient scale. OCHA works with government technical agencies and others to compile and share key baseline datasets before a crisis hits to ensure our partners have a shared understanding of the operating context.
BANGLADESH BHUTAN CAMBODIA DPR KOREA INDONESIA
Effective needs assessments are required to refine our understanding of the scale and extent of an emergency. OCHA is utilizing the latest available tools and technology for needs assessment in its operations in the region to ensure better analysis of needs on the ground. This includes technology such as KoBoCAT, a mobile data collection tool, remote sensing using satellite imagery, and the use of digital volunteers to capture operational information from social media.
LAO PDR MALDIVES MYANMAR MONGOLIA NEPAL PAPUA NEW GUINEA PHILIPPINES
Geographic information is also central to OCHA’s information management activities. OCHA creates maps and infographics to support a number of key functions. Partner agencies, donors and media are all important users of the maps and graphics produced by OCHA.
SRI LANKA TIMOR-LESTE THAILAND
These information products are publicly available at: www.unocha.org/roap
VIET NAM
ASIA
PACIFIC
www.unocha.org/roap Humanity
Impartiality
@ OCHAAsiaPac
Neutrality
Independence
16
Community engagement Credit: ŠAmir Jina/UNISDR
OCHA’s Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific delivers coordination and support services to the humanitarian responders to improve community engagement with disaster affected communities. It believes that by improving communication with people affected by crises humanitarian actors better engage with and are more accountable to the communities they work with. Through this, it seeks to ensure that issues relating to gender equality and the diversity of the communities are fully integrated into the response. Recent large-scale emergencies have underscored more than ever the need for a comprehensive approach to community engagement through working with community groups, civil society and local private sector organizations engaged in disaster response. Through partnerships like these, solutions are grounded by community centred priorities while complemented by international standards of accountability.
For further information on OCHA ROAP, contact:
OCHA REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ROAP) Executive Suite, Second Floor, UNCC Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Tel: +66 (0) 2288 1234 Fax: +66 (0) 22881043
Email: ocha-roap@un.org www.unocha.org/roap 17 @OCHAAsiaPac
“More information is more widely available than ever before; making better use of this information will reap rewards. On offer is a better way of designing humanitarian response, whereby people determine their own priorities and communicate them to those who would assist.” - OCHA, Humanitarianism in the Network Age - Including World Humanitarian Data and Trends 2012
OCHA’s priorities Community engagement is a two-way communication process, a dialogue between responders and affected communities and their community partners. It should enable people to meet their differential needs, address vulnerabilities and build on their pre-existing capacities. It recognizes the role of affected communities as first responders and that the role of the international system is primarily to support their efforts. OCHA prioritizes community engagement at the centre of humanitarian response through several critical elements.
Information provision, community feedback and participation Information and communications systems are a life-saving form of aid in their own right, enabling individuals and communities to make decisions that protect their lives and livelihoods, access assistance more effectively, express their needs and develop capacities on their own terms.
Appropriate information and communication technologies With the continued growth of information and communication technologies, a vast body of technical expertise has emerged. Governments and NGOs are joined by civil society and the private sector, especially the media and telecommunications and technology groups. They are increasingly engaged in innovative two-way communications approaches, which relies on both specialized expertise and local knowledge of capacities and customs.
Augmenting existing capacities and partnerships An international humanitarian response needs to build on existing response efforts and capacities – whether conducted by national governments or humanitarian NGOs, or by civil society groups, private companies or other actors. It is incumbent on humanitarians to take into account these activities and ensure that the international response is supportive and complementary through inclusive coordination mechanisms.
Category 5 Tropical Cyclone Pam struck Vanuatu on 13 March 2015 bringing heavy rainfall and flooding leaving the entire country’s communications infrastructure in disarray. UN, telecommunications and media partners immediately worked on re-establishing a means to engage with 188,000 people affected across 23 islands. In the Philippines following Typhoon Haiyan on 08 November 2013, it was clear that as a middle-income country with significant capacity of government and civil society, many international agencies had limited capacity for direct implementation. International agencies that balanced direct aid delivery with local partners benefited by closer engagement with communities and were adept to local conditions.
ASIA
PACIFIC
www.unocha.org/roap Humanity
Impartiality
@ OCHAAsiaPac
Neutrality
Independence
18
HELP US TO
SHAPE
THE FUTURE
OF HUMANITARIAN
ACTION
AT A GLANCE The UN Secretary General called for the first ever World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) to be held in Istanbul in May 2016. The Summit aims to set out a future agenda to make humanitarian action more effective, inclusive, accountable and overall, a better fit for a changing world. In the lead-up to the Summit, eight regional consultations were organized by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs with a wide range of stakeholders (national governments, humanitarian organizations, community responders / affected people, private sector and other partners). The consultations took the views, perspectives and experiences from around the world and will set the agenda for the Summit in Istanbul.
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s remarks at a Member States briefing on WHS "We look to the World Humanitarian Summit to generate strong global support for bold changes in humanitarian action. This is the only way we will meet the enormous challenges we face in the coming years and decades. The world is changing, and we need to make sure we change with it to meet the needs of those affected by crisis in a timely and effective manner." New York, 20 April 2015
www.worldhumanitariansummit.org
@WHSummit
#ReShapeAid 19
Disaster Response in Asia and the Pacific: A Guide to International Tools and Services Produced at the request of Asia-Pacific Governments, the Guide assists disaster managers in understanding the interaction between national, regional and international humanitarian response mechanisms: • To increase understanding of the tools and services available in the region. • To support emergency decision-making in small-, medium- and large-scale disasters. • To help locate international technical expertise before and at the onset of a disaster. • To facilitate partnerships between humanitarian actors. • To inform academic curricula at national and regional learning institutions.
The structure of the Guide
THE GUIDE
INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE
DISASTER RESPONSE
RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS
Humanitarian actors
Technical teams
Technical training
International coordination mechanisms
Technical services
Readiness planning
Financial resources
Simulation exercises
Information management and assets
Early warning systems
Regulations and voluntary guidelines
Who is the Guide for? The guide is for national disaster management organizations (NDMOs) and line ministries involved in disaster response and disaster response preparedness. It is also a reference document for representatives of intergovernmental organizations,
The scope of the Guide: Response and response preparedness
civil- society actors and disaster-affected people.
What are the definitions of disaster response and disaster response preparedness? Disaster response: the provision of assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to meet the life preservation and basic subsistence needs of those people affected. Disaster response preparedness: pre-disaster activities that are undertaken to minimize loss of life, injury and property damage in a disaster, and to ensure that rescue, relief, rehabilitation and other services can be provided following a disaster. Preparedness for the first and immediate response is called “emergency preparedness.”
Disaster strikes
www.unocha.org/publications/asiadisasterresponse
20
Regional Office for Asia-Pacific Emergency Deployments - as of Jan 2015 OCHA ROAP deploys specialised humanitarian personnel to support efforts on the ground in response to a new or escalating humanitarian crises. Since 2004, ROAP deployed on 66 occasions to 27 countries to provide rapid and temporary reinforcement and ensure coordination takes place effectively and efficiently.
2004-2014
13, 38
13 9
Indonesia
6
Myanmar
4
Pakistan
PNG
3
Vanuatu
3
Lao PDR
3
Cambodia
2
China
2
Cook Is.
2
Timor-Leste
2
Fiji
2
Bangladesh
1
Bhutan
1
DPR Korea
1
India
1
Japan
1
Maldives
1
Mongolia
1
Nepal
1
Palau
1
Samoa
1
Solomon Is.
1
South Asia
1
Thailand
1
Marshall Is.
1
18
30
15 40, 52 19 58 59, 65 60, 61 17 53
1, 22, 26, 43
4
Sri Lanka
50
14 45
37
21, 28 4
Number of ROAP Deployments per Country Philippines
42
1
47
34, 39 63 62
6, 27, 31, 46, 66 64 55 20, 48, 54
57
1, 3, 5 1
33
23 29 7, 8, 10, 41
12, 25 9, 11
51 16 32
35, 44, 49 24, 56
2, 36
ROAP Emergency Deployments - Map Reference
01. Indonesia, Thailand, Indian Ocean Tsunami Dec 2004 Sri Lanka, Maldives
34. Philippines 35. Vanuatu
Typhoon Parma Volcano
Oct 2009 Nov 2009
02. Cook Islands 03. Indonesia 04. Pakistan, India 05. Indonesia
Cyclone Percy Nias Earthquake South Asia Earthquake Aceh Floods
Feb 2005 Mar 2005 Oct 2005 Dec 2005
06. Philippines 07. Indonesia 08. Indonesia 09. Timor-Leste 10. Indonesia
Leyte Landslide Mt. Merapi Volcano Yogyakarta earthquake Unrest Earthquake and Tsunami
Feb 2006 Apr 2006 May 2006 May 2006 Jul 2006
36. Cook Islands 37. China 38. Pakistan 39. Philippines 40. Myanmar 41. Indonesia 42. Mongolia
Cyclone Qinghai Earthquake Floods Typhoon Megi Typhoon Giri Mt. Merapi Volcano Dzud
Feb 2010 Apr 2010 Jul 2010 Oct 2010 Oct 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010
43. Sri Lanka 44. Vanuatu 45. Japan 46. Philippines 47. Cambodia 48. Philippines
Floods Cyclone Vania Earthquake & Tsunami Typhoon Nesat Floods TS Washi
Jan 2011 Jan 2011 Mar 2011 Sep 2011 Oct 2011 Dec 2011
49. Vanuatu 50. Nepal 51. PNG 52. Myanmar 53. Cambodia 54. Philippines 55. Palau
Cyclone Jasmine Flood Flood Rakhine conflict Floods Typhoon Bopha Cyclone Bopha
Feb 2012 May 2012 May 2012 Jun 2012 Sep 2012 Dec 2012 Dec 2012
11. Timor-Leste Surge Support Mar 2007 12. Solomon Islands Earthquake & Tsunami Apr 2007 13. South Asia Floods Jun 2007 14. DPR Korea Floods Aug 2007 15. Bangladesh Cyclone Sidr Nov 2007 16. Papua New Guinea Cyclone Guba Nov 2007 17. Myanmar Cyclone Nargis May 2008 18. China Sichuan Earthquake May 2008 19. Lao PDR Floods Aug 2008 20. Philippines Mindanao Unrest Aug 2008 21. Pakistan Conflict Sep 2008 22. Sri Lanka Surge Support Nov 2008 23. PNG Floods & Sea Swells Dec 2008 24. Fiji 25. Solomon Island 26. Sri Lanka 27. Philippines 28. Pakistan 29. Indonesia 30. Bhutan 31. Philippines 32. Samoa 33. Indonesia
Floods Floods Surge Support Surge Support Conflict West Java Earthquake Earthquake Typhoon Ketsana Earthquake & Tsunami Sumatra Earthquake
Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Jun 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Sep 2009 Sep 2009 Sep 2009 Sep 2009 Sep 2009
56. Fiji Cyclone Eva Jun 2013 57. Marshall Islands Drought May 2013 58. Myanmar Cyclone Mahasan May 2013 59. Myanmar Surge Support July 2013 60. Lao PDR Dengue Aug 2013 61. Lao PDR Floods Sep 2013 62. Philippines Conflict Sep 2013 63. Philippines Earthquake Oct 2013 64. Philippines Cyclone Haiyan Nov 2013 65. Myanmar 66. Philippines
Surge Support Cyclone Hagupit
Oct 2014 Dec 2014 21
Credit: ©Gemma Cortes/OCHA
SUPPORT TO EMERGENCY RELIEF EFFORTS WORLDWIDE - HOW TO GIVE
1.
OCHA is mandated to mobilize resources on behalf of the United Nations and non-governmental organizations. These resources may be financial or in-kind and may be channeled directly to the appealing organization or through an OCHA-managed pooled fund.
2.
All resources mobilized are destined for humanitarian relief operations. These operations are planned following a needs analysis followed by joint, strategic and prioritized humanitarian programming where results are monitored and evaluated.
3.
All contributors should report their contributions to the United Nations Financial Tracking Service for full accountability and visibility. FTS is managed by OCHA and all data is based on reports from donors or recipient organizations
4.
The FTS is a global, real-time database recording all reported international humanitarian aid since 1992. FTS provides an overview of humanitarian contributions to emergencies by recording cash and in-kind assistance.
5.
We need your reports. FTS can only record reported contributions. Up-to-date accurate information makes FTS a powerful coordination tool that provides all stakeholders with an overview of humanitarian action, funding gaps and priorities in each emergency. To report a contribution email: fts@un.org
FTS FEATURES: • Tracking of contributions for total humanitarian assistance (as reported to OCHA). • Tables, updated daily, with breakdown of contributions vs. requirements by donor, country, appealing organization and sector/cluster. • Global overview with reports by donor, appealing organization, sector and appeals
WHAT YOU CAN DO WITH FTS: • Monitor the funding status of any emergency or appeal. Detailed reports show funding by cluster, organization, project, priority and location. • Monitor humanitarian funding outside the appeal, identify donors and implementing organizations for activities not included in the appeal. • Donor profiles provide quick overviews of humanitarian funding by any given donor to a specific country or globally. • Analyse funding trends – FTS shows the history of funding to any country, as well as global trends by donor, sector, emergency or recipient agency
www.unocha.org The mission of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is to mobilize and coordinate effective and principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international actors.
22
Credit: ©Gemma Cortes/OCHA
ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OF TODAY’S HUMANITARIAN CRISES OCHA ENABLES EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO BE MORE PREDICTABLE AND TIMELY
OCHA PROVIDES STRONG LEADERSHIP IN HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS
We coordinate response, mobilize resources for the humanitarian system through international appeals, manage rapid-response funds, speak out for people in need, defend humanitarian principles, negotiate access to those in need and provide critical information and analysis as crises unfold.
OCHA provides valuable leadership and facilitates coordination to ensure the humanitarian community delivers predictable and needs-driven emergency assistance at the speed and volume required, and leads in preparedness activities.
OCHA STRIVES TO MANAGE AND DELIVER ITS SERVICES MORE EFFECTIVELY
OCHA SPEAKS OUT ON BEHALF OF PEOPLE AFFECTED BY CONFLICT AND DISASTER SO THEIR NEEDS ARE MET
OCHA strives to improve the delivery of our core services, according to our 2014-2017 Strategic Framework goals, including strengthening OCHA performance management and administration, maintaining a more flexible structure and improving field leadership.
To ensure aid reaches whoever needs it most, OCHA’s neutral role allows us to speak out when necessary, with all parties. This includes negotiating on issues such as access, the protection of civilians and aid workers while promoting core humanitarian principles.
OCHA ADDS VALUE
OCHA SETS A CLEAR AND PRINCIPLED HUMANITARIAN POLICY AGENDA
At a time of economic austerity, our services help humanitarian funds to go further. We provide strategic and timely information on needs, priorities and gaps that help save lives and reduces the vulnerability of people in need.
OCHA sets an evidence-based policy agenda to identify emerging trends and to guide the international community in developing common policy based on humanitarian principles. Our policy guidance continues to help the humanitarian system evolve and adapt to the changing environment.
www.unocha.org The mission of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is to mobilize and coordinate effective and principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international actors.
23
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
STRATEGIC PLAN
2014–2017
GOAL 1 FIELD EFFECTIVENESS STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
More effective and principled humanitarian action that meets the needs of affected people 1. LEADERSHIP Humanitarian action is led by empowered, competent and experienced professionals.
5. HUMANITARIAN FINANCING Humanitarian financing is predictable, timely and allocated based on priority needs.
2. SITUATIONAL AWARENESS Humanitarian decision-making is based on a common situational awareness.
6. PROTECTION & ACCESS TO ASSISTANCE People in emergencies are protected from harm and have access to assistance as a result of advocacy and coordination.
3. ASSESSMENT, PLANNING & MONITORING Humanitarian action is guided by joint strategic response planning based on prioritized needs.
7. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS International partners are ready to respond to humanitarian emergencies without delay and with the right assistance.
4. COORDINATION MECHANISMS Coordination mechanisms are adapted to the context and support the effective and coherent delivery of humanitarian assistance.
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
GOAL 2 FIT FOR THE FUTURE A more diverse and adaptable humanitarian sector, spanning a variety of existing and emerging responder and partner networks 8. DIVERSITY A more diverse set of actors engages in and provides political, technical and material support to collective humanitarian action. 9. INTEROPERABILITY International, regional and national actors are able to deploy well-coordinated and interoperable humanitarian response capacities within agreed frameworks.
10. INNOVATION Innovation to promote improvement is consistently fostered and brought to scale in the humanitarian sector.
$ 24