Paediatric Morphometrics by Universitaire Pers

Paediatric Morphometrics A Reference Manual (second extended edition)

WJM Gerver R de Bruin

© W.J.M. Gerver and R. de Bruin, Maastricht 2001 © Universitaire Pers Maastricht, Maastricht 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the authors. First edition published by Wetenschappelijke Uitgeverij Bunge, Utrecht, The Netherlands © W.J.M. Gerver and R. de Bruin, Maastricht 1996 ISBN 90 5278 307 1 Datawyse | Universitaire Pers Maastricht Becanusstraat 13 6216 BX Maastricht The Netherlands

Paediatric Morphometrics A Reference Manual (second extended edition)

W.J.M. Gerver, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Paediatric endocrinology, University Maastricht, School of Medicine, The Netherlands R. de Bruin, PhD Associate Professor of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands

Preface to first edition The doctor who tells a mother that her newborn infant resembles the father is either simply making conversation or is not very knowledgeable about the basic principles of human growth. The newborn is always a poor replica of the parent, with its large head and trunk and its disproportionately short arms and legs. A newborn is not a miniature adult. After the rapidity of intrauterine growth, the human growth rate declines in the following years until a new growth spurt, typical of puberty, sets in. And it is only when sexual maturation is completed that the now fertile human being stops growing. In this sense, humans are similar to, for example, birds but different from reptiles and fish which keep growing until the end of their lives, albeit at a steadily decreasing rate. The growth process that transforms a newborn into an adult implies a very gradual change in body proportions. In a child, these can readily be defined by the interrelationship of a number of linear measurements, such as sitting height to full height, or head circumference to crown rump length. The growth of different parts of the body does not occur simultaneously or at the same speed. But at any given age, a certain correlation between measurements can be expected. We tend to take for granted the ease with which we can equate the human bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shape with an accurate estimate of human age - whether the compactness of a five year old or the coltishness of a young teenager or the dimensions of a mature adult. Nevertheless, this feat is remarkable. Even more extraordinary is the precision with which the human eye registers any deviation from the norm. The mathematical expression of these perceptions for scientific purposes is a highly complex task with imperfect results. Vital information is lost. What we can do, however, is use a reference population to order the complexity of what even the untrained eye perceives naturally. The aim of this manual is to provide much-needed data on a reference population as a useful tool for recognizing abnormal growth patterns.

Preface to second extended edition The second edition represents an important extension of the first one because of the inclusion of velocity curves.These curves are based on the recent Maastricht growth study of 1999. The velocity curves are given for a number of anthropometric measurements and thereby offer the opportunity to get insight in the timing of growth of different parts of the body. The differences in timing are responsible for the change in body proportions on their way to maturity. Comparison of individual growth curves with these standards is essential in estimating the maturity of the child or the normality of its growth pattern. The study of the individual growth of healthy normal children also gives the opportunity to calculate expectations, by means of correlation charts, of the future growth of this individual given its present state.

Acknowledgment We would like to thank AngĂ¨le Gerver and the medical students for the methodical and arguous task of measuring the infants and children; the Departments of Neonatology at the Hospitals in Maastricht, Liege and Rocourt as well as the kindergartens and schools in Maastricht, the surrounding villages and Oosterwolde, for their extensive cooperation. We are grateful to Ruth Waisman whose insight helped to shape our manuscript into a readable text.

CONTENTS Part 1 – DATA COLLECTION Reference group 10 Population 10 Sampling Procedure 11 Comparison with other studies 12 Variables and Method of Measurement 13 Length and Height 13 Weight 14 Crown Rump Length, Sitting Height and Subischial Leg Length Head Circumference 17 Limb Length 18 Biacromial Diameter and Biiliacal Diameter 20 Mid Upper Arm Circumference, Upper Leg Circumference and Calf Circumference 21 Skinfold 22 Part 2 – CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF CHARTS Growth Curves 26 Velocity Curves 27 Correlation Charts 27 Body Composition 28 Part 3 – CHARTS AND TABLES List of charts and tables Growth Curves 35 Velocity Curves 227 Correlation and Prediction Charts 265 Body Composition 283

PART 1 DATA COLLECTION

Part 1 D a t a c o l l ec t i o n

Reference group

Population This manual contains reference values for a number of anthropometrical measurements. The growth curves are based on three cross-sectional studies: – The Maastricht I study: 1,518 infants; 407 born at a gestational age of 25 - 40 weeks and 1,111 full-term infants measured between 0 and 12 months of age; – The Oosterwolde I study : 2,333 children measured between 0 and 18 years of age; – The Oosterwolde II study: 620 children measured between 6 and 18 years of age for investigation of secular trend. The velocity curves are based on a semilongitudinal study: – The Maastricht II study: 1,234 full-term infants measured from birth and 2,595 children measured from 8 years onwards. Location Maastricht Founded some 2,000 years ago as a Roman town, Trajectum ad Mosum, the city of Maastricht regained economic and strategic lustre in 1991 when the basis for European unification was laid by the “Treaty of Maastricht”. The capital of the province of Limburg, Maastricht, is located in the southernmost area of The Netherlands, wedged between the Belgian and German borders. It has about 120,000 inhabitants. The principle economic activities are commerce, service and light industry. It is also the site of a major university and regional government. Oosterwolde Oosterwolde in the province of Friesland is centrally situated in the north of The Netherlands. The town of Oosterwolde and its municipal area, including a number of surrounding villages, has about 25,000 inhabitants. The principle economic activities are commerce, agriculture and light industry. Health of Children Children suspected of being growth retarded were excluded from the reference population for reasons such as: – Growth retardation of endocrine origin; – Chromosomal abnormalities and syndromes; – Growth retardation resulting from hereditary skeletal diseases; – Growth retardation due to insufficiencies of the: • Digestive and nutritional system; • Cardiorespiratory system;

Part 1 Data collection

Kidneys; • Circulatory blood system; • Metabolic system; – Chronic infections and parasitic infestations. •

Ethnic Origin Only children of caucasian parents were included in this study.

Sampling Procedure The Maastricht I study population consisted of 1,518 newborns divided in 407 infants of a gestational age of 25 - 40 weeks of which 219 were boys and 188 were girls, and 1,111 full-term of which 613 were boys and 498 girls. The first group was measured between 1988 and 1994 at the neonatal unit of the Academic Hospital Maastricht, in cooperation with the Hôpital de la Citadelle at Liège, Belgium, and the Clinique St.Vincent at Rocourt, Belgium. All infants were measured between the 2nd and 7th day of life. The second group of full-term infants was measured at the Maastricht infant health-centers in their first year of life. These centers exist in all major districts of the city and cover all socioeconomic levels of the population. They routinely screen children up until age 4 to control growth, development and health. The Oosterwolde I study population consisted of 2,333 children, 1,240 were boys and 1,093 girls, ranging from birth to 18 years of age. The study was carried out from 1979 to 1980. The youngest group, age-range birth to 4 years, was measured at infant health-centers. The older group was measured both at kindergarten and at different types of schools, so as to cover all socioeconomic levels of the population. The Oosterwolde II study population consisted of 620 children. It concerns a study of the secular trend. For that reason a sample was taken in 1989 at some of the schools as in the The Oosterwolde I study. The Maastricht II study population consisted of 1,234 full-term infants of which 678 boys (55%) and 556 girls (45%) and 2,595 children of which 1349 were boys (52%) and 1246 were girls (48%). Both groups were measured between 1995 and 1999. The infants were followed at the Maastricht infant health-centers from birth until 4 years of age with a monthly interval during the first half year, every two months during the next half year and twice a year thereafter. The older children were measured twice a year. The whole population was divided in cohorts of 4 years. Assessment of Gestational Age In this study, gestational age was assessed as the time from the first day of the last menstrual period until birth. It was calculated using anamnestic information and cross-checked with information provided by the midwife or gynaecologist, who estimated the gestational age through physical investigation or ultrasound.

Part 1 D a t a c o l l ec t i o n

Assessment of Postnatal Age The age of older children was obtained through the parents or directly from the child. To ensure that this information was correct, birth dates were cross-referenced with the corresponding health-centers and schools.

Comparison with other studies The growth curves of this manual are based on three different cross-sectional studies separated by geographical areas (north and south) within The Netherlands and by an interval of 10 years. The data have not been pooled since the existence of a slight difference in height between the population of the north and that of the south within The Netherlands was established. Besides, a time interval of 10 years will be responsible for height differences because of the so called secular trend. The data of the Maastricht II velocity study of 1999 were compared with the data of the Maastricht I and the Oosterwolde I study as presented in “Paediatric Morphometrics” published in 1996. The data were also compared with the recent Dutch survey of 1997. For the different measurements all Maastricht II data were expressed as standard deviation score of the cross-sectional data. In the tables the mean and the standard deviation are given for the different age groups. Dutch study

Boys

Girls

Maastricht I/Oosterwolde study

age in years

mean SD

mean cm SD

mean SD

mean cm

0-1

– 0.042

– 0.1

0.999

– 0.307

– 0.5

1.785

1-6

– 0.017

– 0.1

1.023

0.06

0.2

1.093

6-12

– 0.259

– 1.8

0.927

0.038

0.2

1.002

12-18

– 0.242

– 2.0

1.027

– 0.095

– 0.8

1.041

0-1

– 0.17

– 0.4

1.097

– 0.074

– 0.2

1.377

1-6

– 0.105

– 0.4

1.074

– 0.206

– 0.8

1.086

6-12

– 0.237

– 1.7

0.989

– 0.389

– 2.8

0.931

12-18

– 0.295

– 2.1

1.029

– 0.314

– 2.2

1.072

Comparison of the height measurements of the Maastricht II study of 1999 with the data of the Maastricht I/Oosterwolde study of 1990 and the Dutch National Survey of 1997, expressed as standard deviation scores.

Part 1 Data collection

Variables and Method of Measurement

Length and Height Introduction In paediatrics, the curve representing a child’s increase in height with age is used as one of the indicators of its health. Its height is compared to that of a reference population in order to judge whether the child is atypical in terms of the height distribution of this population. Child and reference population must share the same geographical and socioeconomic background. Also, parental or familial height should be taken into consideration to assess the relative contribution of genetic and other factors to the child’s height at any particular age. Since growth is a dynamic process, one isolated measurement in time is meaningless to judge growth. Repeated measurements are needed to calculate the growth velocity. Knowledge of growth velocity is particularly relevant when dealing with a sick child. Depressed growth velocity may indicate the severity of an illness, whereas normalization of growth velocity or catch-up growth may signal recuperation. Height is the distance between the top of the head and the sole of the foot. This distance is the sum of different parts of the body: the height of the skull, the length of the spine and the length of the lower extremities are added. Each of these different parts of the body grows at its own velocity, and is age-dependent. Therefore, height is the result of the sum of different values, which are not linearly related in time. Method of Measurement The distance between the top of the head and the sole of the foot is called length when an individual is measured lying down and height when the individual is standing upright. Height is measured using a stadiometer. The stadiometer comprises a rigid vertical backboard and a horizontal headboard running free, perpendicular to the backboard and without crossplay. The top of the head must be in contact with the headboard. A 0.5 kg weight is placed on the headboard. This serves the purpose of flattening the child’s hair and frees the physician’s hands so as to enable him to keep the child in the correct upright position. To measure standing height, shoes and socks are removed. The child is placed so that his heels, buttocks and shoulders are in contact with the vertical plane of the stadiometer. The child’s feet must be flat against the floor while either ankles or knees remain in contact. The child’s head is held in the ‘Frankfurt plane’: the lower borders of the orbits are in the same horizontal plane as the external auditory meati. The measurement is taken while a gentle upward pressure is exerted on the mastoid processes so that the child is fully extended. In older children, stretching is achieved by telling them to breathe deeply. To measure supine length, a measuring table resembling a stadiometer is used but on a horizontal plane. The headboard is fixed while the foot board is movable. Both the headboard and the foot board must be big enough to ensure that both the top of the head and the feet are in contact with them. To measure supine length two people are necessary: the infant’s head is

Part 1 D a t a c o l l ec t i o n

Figure 1 Measurement of supine length

Figure 2 Measurement of height

held in the vertical Frankfurt plane while at the same time its legs are kept straight. Shoulders and buttocks must be in contact with the table. Supine length is measured in the first two years of age.

Weight Introduction Weight as an isolated measurement provides very little information for clinical practice. When studying a particular child whose weight is apparently above normal for its age, two relationships must be considered. One is the childâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s weight in relation to its height and the other is its height in relation to that of a reference population. Depending on these two variables, the child may be thin, normal or fat. Weight in relation to height can be expressed in several ways. The simplest and most informative way is to plot weight against height, using the original data. Derived values, as in the case of indices, give no information on the original measurements of weight and height. Nevertheless the Ponderal Index for infants and the Quetelet Index for older children and adults, are commonly used.

Part 1 Data collection

The Ponderal Index is expressed as 100 Ă&#x2014;

Wt Lt 3

where W is weight in grams, L is length in centimeters and t is age, ranging from 25 weeks gestational age to 1 year. The Quetelet Index is expressed as Wt Lt 2 where W is weight in kilograms, H is height in meter and t is age, ranging from 0 to 18 years. In these indices, weight is considered in relation to height and accepted as normal when it corresponds to a certain age-dependent value. The concern arising from the use of these indices is that in certain situations the index may appear to be normal even though the height and weight are atypical. For example, in infants whose growth is impaired during the last weeks of pregnancy, an excessive loss of weight compared to height appears, resulting in a low Ponderal Index. In contrast, infants whose growth is affected early in pregnancy, and therefore both weight and height are affected, a normal Ponderal Index will appear though the infant may be severely growth-retarded. Method of Measurement To measure weight, the childâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s outer clothing and socks should be removed. A suitable electronic scale with digital readings, accurate to a gram, is appropriate. Also, a beam balance may be used, although it is less accurate due to low precision reading.

Figure 3 Measurement of weight

Part 1 D a t a c o l l ec t i o n

Crown Rump Length, Sitting Height and Subischial Leg Length Introduction As stated before, height defined as the distance between the top of the head and the sole of the foot is the result of the sum of different values, which are not linearly related in time. Therefore, the first step is to split height into its different components. Generally, sitting height is taken as one of the components and compared to height. The relation between sitting height and height is often expressed as an age-dependent ratio. The use of ratios can be misleading for two reasons: first, two ratios may be equal, while their nominators and denominators are not; and second, when a change in the nominator automatically leads to a change in the denominator, the change of the ratio will be even more misleading. Therefore, a clearer approach is to simply plot height against sitting height; and an even clearer one is to use sitting height and subischial leg length as variables to compare, since a change in sitting height will not automatically induce a change in subischial leg length. Method of Measurement The distance between the top of the head and the buttocks is called sitting height when the measurement is taken of a child sitting upright and crown rump length when an infant is measured lying down. Sitting height is measured using a sitting height table. The table comprises a rigid vertical backboard and a horizontal headboard running free perpendicular to the backboard and without crossplay. The surface of the headboard must be in contact with the top of the head. A 0.5 kg weight is placed on the headboard. This weight flattens the child’s hair and also frees the physician’s hand so as to be able to keep the child in the right position. The child must be in the sitting position with his feet on a footrest so that his full weight is on his buttocks. In so far as possible, arching of the back is avoided by gently applying upward pressure to the mastoid processes. In older children, stretching of the back is achieved by asking them to breathe deeply. The child’s head is held in the ‘Frankfurt plane’: the lower borders of the orbits are in the same horizontal plane with the external auditory meati. The recommended instrument to measure crown rump length is similar to the stadiometer used for supine length. The headboard is fixed while the foot board is movable. Head board and foot board must be large enough to ensure that the most protruding points of both head and buttocks are in contact with the boards. In order to measure this length, an assistant holds the infant’s head in the vertical Frankfurt plane while the physician holds the child’s legs at a 90 degree angle with the table. When this is achieved, the foot board is pressed against the buttocks. Subischial leg length is defined as the arithmetic difference between height and sitting height or between supine length and crown rump length.

Part 1 Data collection

Figure 4 Measurement of sitting height

Figure 5 Measurement of crown rump length

Head Circumference Introduction The head circumference is routinely measured in newborn infants since it correlates well with skull volume. Skull volume is highly correlated with gestational age, body weight and body length. Since in intrauterine growth retardation the brain is less affected than the weight and the length, the lack of a good correlation between these measurements in the newborn will signal the severity of the retardation. The growth velocity of the head circumference provides an important measure since it is fast during the first year of life. In full-term healthy newborns, the head circumference increases about 1 mm per day initially. Measurement of the growth velocity of the head may therefore be used to monitor the infantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s general condition. Method of Measurement To measure head circumference, a fiberglass reinforced tape of non- stretchable material is used. The tape is placed around the head at the most protruding points of occiput and forehead. In younger children, the tape is placed just above the brow ridges. The tape is placed gently so as to leave no marks after removal.

Part 1 D a t a c o l l ec t i o n

Figure 6 Measurement of head circumference

Limb Length Arm Span, Upper Arm Length, Lower Arm Length, Hand Length, Tibia Length and Foot Length Introduction The measurement of the limbs so as to describe body proportions is an important tool when evaluating development. Arm span is the most common way to measure upper limb length. However, by measuring the span of the out-stretched arms from the tips of the longest fingers, the distorting information of the width of the trunk is added. What is required, however, is information on the growth of the long bones alone. Furthermore, the long bones of arms and legs can be accurately measured because of its bony marks. Hand and foot mature at an earlier age than other parts of the body. Therefore, the changing relationship of hand and foot to height is a useful criterium of the maturation of the child. Method of Measurement To measure arm span, a measuring rod can be used. Standing with the arms fully extended, the distance between the tips of the stretched middle fingers is measured. To measure the different parts of the arm, the arm should be relaxed and extended along the childâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s side. The bony prominences are used as anatomical landmarks: the lateral border of the acromion, the head of the radius palpated distal to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and the bottom of the radius. These landmarks are marked with a pen and the distance between them is measured. To measure the length of the hand, the distance between the tip of the longest finger and the bottom of the radius is measured with the hand and forearm flat on a table. For tibia length, the distance between the proximal-medial border of the tibia and the distal border of the medial malleolus is measured with the Harpenden anthropometer. The foot is measured while the child is standing. The distance between the most posterior part of the heel and the tip of the longest toe, normally the first toe, is measured on the left foot.

Part 1 Data collection

Figure 7 Measurement of arm span

Figure 8 Measurement of upper arm length

Figure 9 Measurement of lower arm length

Figure 10a Measurement of hand length

Figure 10b The anatomical landmarks

Part 1 D a t a c o l l ec t i o n

Figure 11 Measurement of tibia length

Figure 12 Measurement of foot length

Biacromial Diameter and Biiliacal Diameter Introduction Puberty is characterized auxologically by increasing diameter of shoulders and hips. The ratio of biacromial diameter to biiliacal diameter is a good index of sexual maturation. Biacromial and biiliacal diameter curves remain almost identical in both sexes until puberty. The increase of the biacromial diameter during puberty is more striking in boys than in girls. The change of the ratio between biacromial and biiliacal diameter signals the onset of puberty.

Method of Measurement With the Harpenden anthropometer, measurements of shoulder widths and pelvic widths are taken. When the child relaxes its shoulders, the distance between the most lateral borders of the acromial processes is measured to obtain the biacromal diameter. To measure the biiliacal diameter, the branches of the anthropometer are moved over the iliac crests at their widest point and the distance between the two blades of the anthropometer is measured. In children aged 0-1 year, it is not always possible to take these measurements because of unrest or obesity. Also in older children, the biiliacal diameter is hard to obtain in the case of obesity.

Figure 13a Measurement of shoulder width

Figure 13b The anatomical landmarks

Part 1 Data collection

Figure 14a Measurement of pelvic width

Figure 14b The anatomical landmarks

Mid Upper Arm Circumference, Upper Leg Circumference and Calf Circumference Introduction The measurement of these circumferences is commonly used to define an individualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nutritional status. However, because they comprise bone, muscle mass, fat mass and skin, the results lack specific information. These measurements make no distinction between an athlete and an obese individual. In order to make this distinction, the circumference must be considered in relation to skinfold thickness. The ratio of muscle and fat area in the sagital plane of the mid-upperarm must be calculated as an indicator of muscle mass. This ratio is computed based on mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and biceps- and triceps skinfolds. Method of Measurement To measure body circumferences, a reinforced fiberglass tape of a non- stretchable material is used. The tape is tightened gently so that no marks remain after removal. Upper arm circumference is measured while the arm is relaxed and extended along the childâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s side. The tape is placed midway between the acromion and olecranon processes. Upper leg circumference is measured while the child is standing. The tape is placed around the upper-thigh in a horizontal plane at the level of the gluteal fold. Calf circumference is measured while the child is sitting on a table, its feet free from the ground and calves relaxed. The circumference is measured at its maximum.

Part 1 D a t a c o l l ec t i o n

Figure 15 Measurement of upper arm circumference

Figure 16 Measurement of calf circumference

Skinfold Introduction To estimate total body fat content, skinfolds are measured since it is assumed that nearly all body fat is in adipose tissue, mostly located subcutaneously. In this approach, the thickness of the subcutaneous fat mantle is taken as the total amount of body fat. However, in so doing, intraabdominal and intracraneal fat is not measured, though this is an important measure as well. Method of Measurement Skinfolds are measured on the upper arm midway between elbow and shoulder, in the biceps and the triceps region; for the back, at the lower tip of the scapula; and in the abdominal region over the iliac crest. The measurement is taken by grasping the subcutaneous tissue between thumb and forefinger, shaking it gently to exclude underlying muscle and stretching it just far enough to permit the jaws of the caliper to impinge on the tissue. Since the jaws of the caliper compress the tissue, the caliper reading diminishes for a few seconds and then the dial is read. These measurements are taken on the left side of the body, in agreement with the protocol of the International Biological Program.

Part 1 Data collection

Figure 17 Measurement of the upper arm skinfold in the biceps region

Figure 18 Measurement of the upper arm skinfold in the triceps region

Figure 19 Measurement of the skinfold at the lower tip of the scapula

Figure 20 Measurement of the skinfold in the abdomen

PART 2

CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF CHARTS

Part 2 C o n s t r u c t i o n an d u s e o f c h ar t s

Growth Curve To evaluate the growth of a child 'growth curves' are used. Values falling outside these growth curves are not considered normal. The word normal can be taken to mean a 'norm or standard' but it can also be taken to mean 'the typical or habitual'. It is important to realize that the norm does not always agree with the typical. A clear example can be found when the population's weight in a developing country is studied. Although the mean weight for that population is typical, it remains lower than the norm. The ideal situation occurs when the typical coincides with the norm. Construction of the charts Let the data,

{X , Y } i

n i =1

where n is the number of individuals in the sample, be sorted in ascending order, X J + 1 ≥ X j , J = 1,K, n − 1 Let S j = {X i , Yi } i = j , j = 1,K, n − k, k << n j+ k

be a subset of the data. For each subset Sj, j=1,...,n-k a series of percentiles is computed: P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90 and P97. The values of P25, P50 and P75 can be well estimated for moderate sample sizes. To estimate the third and 97th percentiles extremely large samples are needed. This difficulty is overcome by smoothly transforming the distribution into a two sided Gaussian distribution, the left side based on P25 and P50, the right side on P50 and P75. This transformation is approximated by a B-spline representation, the parameters of which are estimated by least squares optimization assigning virtually all weight to the values P25, P50 and P75. Back-transformation then provides smoothly changing values for the indicated percentiles for each subsequent subset, Sj. These values are plotted at x=

1 j+ k ∑x k + 1 i= j i

Connection of corresponding P-values finally completes the graphs. The standard deviations SD+ and SD− should be understood as the back-transformed standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution above or below the mean respectively. Use of charts In the tables the standaard deviations are given as +1 SD and −1 SD, the SD value above and below the P50 respectively. Calculating a z-score or SD score, one need to use the +1 SD if the

Part 2 Construction and use of charts

individuals measurement is above the P50 of the reference group, −1 SD if the individuals measurement is below the P50 of the reference group. Please note that in some cases a discrepancy may be found between table and chart. Tables are computed for all individuals ranging from 25 weeks gestational age to 18 years of age. Charts, in contrast, are based on the separate populations (Maastricht and Oosterwolde respectively).

Velocity Curve The velocity curves are constructed by numerical differentiation of individual growth curves, i.e. curves that are based on longitudinal data. The mean of the velocity curve does not characterize the average velocity curve of the population, since phase differences between individual velocity curves are not taken into account. These phase differences can be found by comparing ages, , at which pubertal peak velocity occurs. If T is the mean age at which peak velocity takes place then stretching each individual age axis by t → αt (with αTi = T, α > 0) and v → αv accordingly, provides a proper charaterization of the general average velocity curve. There are some drawbacks involved in this technique. Firstly, since the curves in the thus obtained graph are stretched, comparing them with data of some specific individual for which the age shift is unknown a priori is not completely satisfactory. Secondly, the above described technique becomes troublesome, in a numerical sense, if e.g. pubertal peak velocities are (almost) absent, as is the case for several variables. Therefore, an age transformation is applied only for the variables height, sitting height, subischial leg length and weight.

Correlation Charts Correlation coefficients may be used to predict the future z-score, Zt 1 (i), of an individual i at age t1, given its present z-score Zt 0 (i). In practice, it is often assumed that Zt 1 (i) = Zt 0 (i), i.e. the individual keeps following its percentile line. This crude approximation is systematically biased in the sense that the optimal prediction ρ(t 0 , t 1 )Zt 0 (i) of Zt 1 (i)is systematically closer to 0 (displaying the phenomenon of regression to the mean). Here, figures will be given that provide the correlation coefficients from which better estimates for the prediction of the z-score can be made. Construction of charts The correlation reads ρ(t 0 , t 1 ) = EZt 0 Zt 1 ≈

1 n ∑ Z (i)Zt 1 (i), n i =1 t 0

where the latter term is a sample analogue, n is the number of individuals indexed by i and measured at ages t0 and t1. Of course, the correlation coefficient, with

Part 2 C o n s t r u c t i o n an d u s e o f c h ar t s

ρ(t 0 , t 1 ) > 0, ρ(t 0 , t 1 ) = ρ(t 1 , t 0 ) and ρ(t 0 , t 0 ) = 1, satisfies strictly positive definiteness properties and can be written as 1 − 12 E( Zt 0 − Zt 1 ) 2 . An impression of ρ arises by placing at all age points (t0, t1), for which Xt 0 (i) and Xt 1 (i) of some individual i are measured, the function value 1 − 12 ( Zt 0 (i) − Zt 1 (i)) 2 . These function values are approximated by exp − f (t 0 ) − f (t 1 ) , where f is a monotonously increasing (spline) function with f(0)=0. Use of charts The figure can be used as follows. Let Zt 0 (i) be given, i.e. the z-score of individual i at age t0, and our interest is in Zt 1 (i), then read from the figure ρ(t 0 , t 1 ) and find the estimate of the expectation of the z-score of individual i at age t1 as Zt 1 (i) ≈ ρ(t 0 , t 1 )Zt 0 (i) For example: a boy of 6 years old has a z-score for height of -1.5. One wants to know the expected z-score on age 8 years. From the figure “correlation height boys” the intersection point at age 6 and age 8 one finds the correlation value 0.95. Hence the expected value of height at age 8 is 0.95 × -1.5 = -1.4 SDS. It is clear from the correlation figures that the closer the curves are around the diagonal the smaller is the correlation and thereby the larger the expected change in z-scores.

Body Composition There is a theoretical relationship between the sum of four skinfolds and total body density which can be expressed through different prediction equations. To compute the fat free mass fraction, the human body is assumed to consist of two components: fat and fat-free mass. The density of fat mass is a constant: Df, is 0.9 kg/l while the density of fat-free mass depends on age and sex, Dff = Dff (age,sex). The actual fraction of fat-free mass in a human body is expressed as ⎛1 1 ⎞⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎜ − ⎟⎜ ⎟ − ⎝ D Df ⎠ ⎝ Dff Df ⎠

−1

where D = W/V, W is weight in kg and V is volume in liter and D represents the total body density. The total body density is estimated from four skinfolds as D = a – b log (sum skinfolds), where the skinfolds are taken at biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiacal sites. The parameters a and b and Dff depend on age and sex and were established by Fomon and Durnin.

Part 2 Construction and use of charts

To estimate protein content, the muscle mass is estimated by calculating the ratio of muscle area and fat area in the sagital plane of the mid-upperarm. This ratio is computed on the basis of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and skinfold thicknesses. The arm muscle area is calculated by subtracting the skin area from the arm sectional area π ⎛ MUAC ⎞ ⎜ − S⎟ ⎠ 4⎝ π

where S is Skinfold is the mean value (mm) of biceps and triceps skinfolds. In the nomogram MUAC is given in cm and the sum of two skinfolds is used instead of the mean value. In order to make a correct estimation of the constitution the following considerations must be made. Firstly, skinfold measurements are among the least reproducable of all measurements. By averaging the measurements of four skinfolds, this problem is partly solved. Secondly, the use of the previously mentioned theoretical prediction equations introduces an oversimplification because it reduces the parameters involved. For example, a drastic increase in weight due only to water retention will not affect the thickness of the skinfold. Since the thickness of the skinfold remains the same, and in accordance with the prediction equations, it is assumed that the fraction of fat-free mass remains the same. This means that, since weight has increased, fat mass has also increased: a wrong conclusion in this case. Use of the nomogram To estimate the fraction of fat free mass one needs the following procedure. The horizontal axis represents the sum of the skinfolds at biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiacal sites. The vertical axis represents the fraction fat-free mass. Multiplication of this fraction by the actual weight gives the fat-free mass. To use the graph, find the sum of skinfolds at the horizontal axis and follow it until the curve of the child’s age class is crossed. From this intersection point, draw a horizontal line until the vertical axis is met and find the fraction fat-free mass. Continue the horizontal line until the 95% confidence interval of the child’s age class is reached. Each interval is trivially divided by the mean and two standard deviations or roughly the P3, P50 and P97.

PART 3 CHARTS AND TABLES

Part 3 C h a r t s a n d t ab l es

List of charts and tables Distance Curves Supine length for age 36 Height for age 40 Weight for age 44 Weight for supine length 52 Weight for height 56 Nomogram of Ponderal index for weight for supine length Nomogram of Quetelet index for weight for height 61 Ponderal index for age 62 Quetelet index for age 66 Crown rump length for age 70 Sitting height for age 74 Subischial leg length for age 78 Crown rump length/supine length for age 84 Sitting height/height for age 90 Crown rump length for supine length 94 Sitting height for height 98 Subischial leg length/crown rump length for age 102 Subischial leg length/sitting height for age 106 Subischial leg length for crown rump length 110 Subischial leg length for sitting height 114 Head circumference for age 118 Head circumference for supine length 126 Head circumference for weight 130 Arm span for age 134 Arm span for supine length 142 Arm span for height 146 Upper arm length for age 150 Lower arm length for age 154 Hand length for age 158 Upper arm length for lower arm length 162 Tibia length for age 166 Tibia length for height 170 Foot length for age 174 Foot length for supine length 182 Foot length for height 186 Biacromial diameter for age 190 Biiliacal diameter for age 194 Biacromial diameter for height 198 Biiliacal diameter for height 202

Part 3 Charts and tables

Biiliacal diameter for biacromial diameter 206 Biacromial/biiliacal diameter for age 210 Mid upper arm circumference for age 214 Upper leg circumference for age 218 Calf circumference for age 222 Velocity Curves Height velocity for age 228 Weight velocity for age 232 Sitting height velocity for age 236 Subischial leg length velocity for age 240 Head circumference velocity for age 244 Foot length velocity for age 248 Biacromial diameter velocity for age 252 Biiliacal diameter velocity for age 256 Mid upper arm circumference velocity for age

260

Correlation Charts Correlation for height 266 Correlation for weight 264 Correlation for sitting height 270 Correlation for head circumference 272 Correlation for arm span 274 Correlation for foot length 276 Correlation for biacromial diameter 278 Correlation for biiliacal diameter 280 Body Composition Biceps skinfold thickness for age 284 Triceps skinfold thickness for age 288 Subscapular skinfold thickness for age 292 Suprailiacal skinfold thickness for age 296 Sum of four skinfolds thicknesses for age 300 Biceps skinfold velocity for age 304 Triceps skinfold velocity for age 308 Subscapular skinfold velocity for age 312 Suprailiacal skinfold velocity for age 316 Fat-free mass for sum of four skinfolds thicknesses Nomogram of muscle area 322

320

GROWTH CURVES

S U P I N E LENGT H FO R A GE I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Supine Length (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

Term

25 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUPINE LENGTH FOR AGE Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Supine Length (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (boys) Age

-1 SD +1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 2.88 26 (w) 2.88 27 (w) 2.86 28 (w) 2.84 29 (w) 2.81 30 (w) 2.77 31 (w) 2.72 32 (w) 2.67 33 (w) 2.60 34 (w) 2.53 35 (w) 2.44 36 (w) 2.35 37 (w) 2.25 38 (w) 2.14 39 (w) 2.03

2.93 2.92 2.91 2.89 2.86 2.83 2.78 2.73 2.67 2.60 2.53 2.44 2.35 2.25 2.14

29.21 30.32 31.43 32.56 33.69 34.84 36.00 37.16 38.34 39.53 40.73 41.93 43.15 44.38 45.62

30.94 32.04 33.15 34.26 35.38 36.50 37.63 38.76 39.90 41.05 42.19 43.35 44.51 45.67 46.84

32.70 33.80 34.90 36.00 37.09 38.19 39.29 40.39 41.49 42.59 43.69 44.78 45.88 46.98 48.07

34.63 35.72 36.81 37.90 38.98 40.05 41.12 42.18 43.23 44.28 45.32 46.36 47.39 48.41 49.43

36.59 37.68 38.76 39.84 40.90 41.95 42.98 44.01 45.02 46.02 47.02 48.00 48.97 49.92 50.87

38.38 39.47 40.54 41.60 42.65 43.67 44.68 45.68 46.65 47.61 48.56 49.49 50.40 51.30 52.18

40.13 41.22 42.29 43.34 44.36 45.37 46.35 47.31 48.26 49.17 50.07 50.96 51.81 52.65 53.46

Postnatal Age 0 (w) 1.88 1 (w) 1.90 2 (w) 1.76 3 (w) 1.63 4 (w) 1.49 5 (w) 1.37 6 (w) 1.27 7 (w) 1.18 8 (w) 1.10 9 (w) 1.05 10 (w) 1.00 11 (w) 0.98 12 (w) 0.96 13 (w) 0.97 14 (w) 1.10 15 (w) 1.20 16 (w) 1.14 17 (w) 1.11 5 (m) 1.12 6 (m) 1.17 7 (m) 1.25 8 (m) 1.36 9 (m) 1.52 10 (m) 1.71 11 (m) 1.93 12 (m) 2.19

2.09 2.03 1.90 1.78 1.65 1.54 1.44 1.36 1.28 1.22 1.17 1.14 1.11 1.10 1.11 1.16 1.15 1.16 1.21 1.28 1.38 1.50 1.66 1.84 2.05 2.29

46.87 48.13 49.39 50.62 51.79 52.90 53.95 54.95 55.89 56.76 57.58 58.35 59.05 59.69 60.28 60.81 61.27 61.68 63.18 64.66 66.30 68.10 69.96 71.73 72.71 73.83

48.01 49.19 50.36 51.51 52.62 53.66 54.66 55.62 56.52 57.36 58.17 58.93 59.63 60.28 60.89 61.45 61.95 62.40 64.18 65.80 67.46 69.18 70.91 72.57 73.71 74.95

49.17 50.27 51.35 52.42 53.45 54.43 55.38 56.29 57.15 57.98 58.76 59.52 60.22 60.88 61.51 62.10 62.64 63.14 65.19 66.95 68.65 70.28 71.86 73.43 74.72 76.09

50.44 51.45 52.44 53.42 54.37 55.28 56.17 57.03 57.85 58.65 59.42 60.16 60.86 61.54 62.19 62.81 63.39 63.95 66.30 68.22 69.95 71.49 72.92 74.37 75.85 77.36

51.80 52.73 53.63 54.53 55.40 56.25 57.08 57.89 58.67 59.44 60.18 60.91 61.60 62.28 62.94 63.58 64.19 64.79 67.35 69.41 71.19 72.71 74.08 75.49 77.15 78.78

53.04 53.89 54.72 55.54 56.34 57.13 57.90 58.67 59.42 60.15 60.87 61.58 62.28 62.96 63.63 64.28 64.92 65.55 68.30 70.49 72.32 73.82 75.13 76.50 78.33 80.06

54.26 55.03 55.78 56.53 57.26 57.99 58.72 59.44 60.15 60.86 61.56 62.25 62.94 63.62 64.30 64.97 65.64 66.29 69.25 71.55 73.43 74.91 76.17 77.50 79.48 81.33

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

S U P I N E LENGT H FO R A GE Infants (girls)

Supine Length (cm)

80 P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

P25 -1SD P10 P3 -2SD

Term

25 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUPINE LENGTH FOR AGE Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Supine Length (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (girls) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 2.71 26 (w) 2.71 27 (w) 2.70 28 (w) 2.69 29 (w) 2.67 30 (w) 2.64 31 (w) 2.61 32 (w) 2.58 33 (w) 2.53 34 (w) 2.49 35 (w) 2.43 36 (w) 2.38 37 (w) 2.31 38 (w) 2.24 39 (w) 2.17

2.73 2.72 2.71 2.70 2.68 2.65 2.62 2.59 2.54 2.50 2.44 2.38 2.32 2.25 2.17

29.25 30.34 31.44 32.54 33.64 34.73 35.82 36.92 38.01 39.10 40.18 41.27 42.36 43.44 44.53

30.87 31.97 33.06 34.15 35.24 36.31 37.39 38.46 39.53 40.59 41.64 42.70 43.75 44.79 45.83

32.53 33.62 34.71 35.79 36.86 37.93 38.98 40.03 41.07 42.10 43.13 44.15 45.16 46.16 47.15

34.34 35.43 36.52 37.59 38.65 39.69 40.73 41.76 42.77 43.77 44.76 45.74 46.70 47.66 48.60

36.17 37.26 38.34 39.40 40.45 41.47 42.49 43.49 44.47 45.44 46.40 47.34 48.26 49.16 50.06

37.83 38.92 39.99 41.05 42.08 43.09 44.09 45.07 46.03 46.96 47.88 48.79 49.67 50.53 51.38

39.47 40.55 41.62 42.67 43.69 44.69 45.66 46.62 47.55 48.46 49.35 50.22 51.06 51.88 52.68

Postnatal Age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

2.09 2.00 1.91 1.82 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.56 1.52 1.49 1.46 1.45 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.50 1.51 1.53 1.55 1.60 1.66 1.72 1.79 1.90 2.05 2.30

45.61 46.69 47.76 48.81 49.81 50.76 51.68 52.55 53.37 54.14 54.87 55.57 56.21 56.80 57.36 57.87 58.33 58.74 60.37 61.86 63.40 64.98 66.59 68.17 69.36 70.67

46.86 47.89 48.91 49.91 50.86 51.78 52.66 53.50 54.30 55.06 55.79 56.48 57.12 57.73 58.30 58.84 59.33 59.78 61.61 63.24 64.87 66.48 68.08 69.65 70.95 72.34

48.14 49.11 50.08 51.02 51.93 52.81 53.65 54.47 55.25 56.00 56.72 57.41 58.06 58.68 59.27 59.83 60.35 60.84 62.88 64.65 66.36 68.00 69.59 71.16 72.57 74.02

49.53 50.45 51.36 52.25 53.11 53.94 54.75 55.54 56.30 57.03 57.74 58.43 59.08 59.72 60.33 60.91 61.46 62.00 64.27 66.20 68.00 69.67 71.25 72.82 74.36 75.89

50.93 51.79 52.64 53.47 54.27 55.06 55.83 56.58 57.32 58.03 58.72 59.40 60.05 60.69 61.31 61.91 62.48 63.04 65.47 67.47 69.25 70.81 72.25 73.71 75.46 77.13

52.21 53.01 53.80 54.58 55.34 56.08 56.81 57.54 58.24 58.93 59.61 60.28 60.93 61.57 62.20 62.81 63.41 63.99 66.57 68.63 70.39 71.85 73.16 74.53 76.45 78.24

53.46 54.21 54.95 55.67 56.38 57.08 57.78 58.47 59.15 59.83 60.49 61.15 61.80 62.44 63.08 63.70 64.32 64.93 67.65 69.77 71.51 72.87 74.05 75.33 77.42 79.34

2.09 2.00 1.91 1.83 1.75 1.69 1.64 1.59 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.52 1.53 1.55 1.58 1.62 1.67 1.73 1.80 2.00 2.10 2.35 2.53 2.59 2.66 2.98

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

H E I G H T FO R A GE Boys

Height (cm) P97 +2SD P90 P75

185

+1SD

P50 P25 P10

170

-1SD -2SD

155

140

125

110

50 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HEIGHT FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Height (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

2.49 2.82 3.19 3.60 4.04 4.51 4.66 4.84 5.01 5.19 5.37 5.55 5.73 5.92 6.11 6.30 6.49 6.68 6.87 7.07 7.26 7.46 7.65 7.85 8.04 8.23 8.39 8.53 8.65 8.75 8.83 8.88 8.92 8.94

2.56 3.85 3.18 3.53 3.91 4.31 4.37 4.48 4.59 4.70 4.81 4.93 5.05 5.17 5.29 5.42 5.55 5.69 5.84 6.00 6.18 6.36 6.55 6.76 6.97 7.18 7.36 7.52 7.65 7.76 7.85 7.91 7.95 7.97

76.19 80.87 85.43 90.40 94.85 98.82 102.26 105.37 108.34 111.13 113.78 116.28 118.61 120.80 122.83 124.71 126.62 128.71 131.01 133.48 136.17 139.05 142.12 145.40 148.85 152.21 155.16 157.75 159.93 161.70 163.10 164.08 164.67 165.11

77.87 83.00 87.91 92.94 97.46 101.52 105.06 108.27 111.34 114.24 117.00 119.61 122.05 124.35 126.49 128.49 130.51 132.72 135.13 137.72 140.53 143.52 146.71 150.11 153.68 157.15 160.20 162.87 165.12 166.95 168.40 169.41 170.02 170.47

79.56 85.15 90.43 95.52 100.12 104.26 107.90 111.22 114.40 117.41 120.27 122.99 125.55 127.96 130.22 132.33 134.47 136.80 139.32 142.03 144.96 148.07 151.37 154.89 158.59 162.17 165.32 168.08 170.40 172.29 173.79 174.83 175.46 175.93

81.45 87.54 93.19 98.36 103.04 107.28 111.02 114.46 117.76 120.88 123.87 126.71 129.39 131.93 134.31 136.55 138.82 141.27 143.93 146.77 149.82 153.07 156.50 160.15 163.98 167.68 170.94 173.79 176.20 178.15 179.70 180.78 181.44 181.92

83.41 89.93 95.89 101.10 105.84 110.13 113.95 117.46 120.83 124.03 127.09 130.01 132.77 135.39 137.86 140.18 142.53 145.09 147.84 150.79 153.96 157.33 160.89 164.68 168.65 172.49 175.87 178.83 181.33 183.36 184.96 186.08 186.76 187.26

85.17 92.08 98.35 103.61 108.38 112.74 116.62 120.19 123.63 126.90 130.03 133.02 135.85 138.54 141.09 143.49 145.92 148.56 151.41 154.45 157.73 161.21 164.89 168.80 172.90 176.87 180.36 183.42 186.00 188.09 189.75 190.91 191.61 192.12

86.91 94.21 100.77 106.06 110.89 115.30 119.24 122.88 126.38 129.72 132.92 135.98 138.88 141.65 144.26 146.74 149.25 151.97 154.91 158.06 161.44 165.03 168.82 172.86 177.08 181.18 184.78 187.93 190.59 192.75 194.46 195.65 196.38 196.91

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

H E I G H T FO R A GE Girls

Height (cm)

185 P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

170

P25 -1SD P10 P3 -2SD

155

140

125

110

50 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HEIGHT FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Height (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

3.25 3.60 4.85 4.08 4.13 4.19 4.27 4.36 4.49 4.66 4.86 5.09 5.37 5.68 6.02 6.40 6.77 7.06 7.29 7.45 7.54 7.56 7.52 7.39 7.21 7.00 6.82 6.66 6.53 6.42 6.33 6.27 6.23 6.21

2.59 3.93 3.31 3.74 3.80 3.86 3.82 3.81 3.85 3.97 4.15 4.39 4.70 5.07 5.51 6.01 6.48 6.85 7.11 7.27 7.31 7.24 7.07 6.78 6.39 5.98 5.60 5.28 5.01 4.78 4.61 4.48 4.41 4.36

74.76 80.26 85.39 90.45 94.88 98.75 102.00 104.93 107.81 110.63 113.41 116.15 118.83 121.47 124.06 126.60 129.12 131.63 134.14 136.65 139.14 141.64 144.13 146.61 149.09 151.43 153.48 155.28 156.80 158.03 159.01 159.69 160.10 160.40

76.73 82.48 87.81 92.89 97.36 101.27 104.56 107.55 110.50 113.43 116.33 119.21 122.05 124.88 127.68 130.45 133.18 135.87 138.52 141.12 143.67 146.17 148.64 151.05 153.42 155.63 157.58 159.28 160.71 161.88 162.80 163.45 163.84 164.12

78.73 84.73 90.27 95.38 99.88 103.82 107.16 110.21 113.24 116.27 119.29 122.31 125.33 128.34 131.35 134.35 137.31 140.18 142.96 145.66 148.27 150.79 153.22 155.56 157.82 159.91 161.74 163.34 164.69 165.79 166.67 167.27 167.64 167.91

80.95 87.23 92.97 98.11 102.64 106.63 110.02 113.13 116.25 119.39 122.55 125.73 128.93 132.15 135.39 138.64 141.85 144.92 147.85 150.66 153.32 155.85 158.26 160.52 162.65 164.60 166.31 167.81 169.07 170.09 170.91 171.47 171.81 172.07

82.81 89.56 95.63 100.75 105.26 109.22 112.58 115.68 118.83 122.05 125.33 128.67 132.08 135.55 139.08 142.67 146.19 149.51 152.61 155.53 158.22 160.71 163.00 165.06 166.93 168.60 170.06 171.34 172.42 173.30 173.99 174.48 174.77 174.99

84.47 91.66 98.05 103.15 107.64 111.58 114.91 118.00 121.18 124.47 127.86 131.34 134.94 138.64 142.44 146.33 150.15 153.69 156.95 159.96 162.68 165.12 167.31 169.20 170.83 172.25 173.48 174.57 175.48 176.22 176.80 177.21 177.46 177.64

86.12 93.73 100.43 105.51 109.98 113.90 117.21 120.29 123.49 126.85 130.35 133.98 137.76 141.68 145.74 149.94 154.04 157.80 161.22 164.33 167.06 169.47 171.56 173.27 174.67 175.83 176.85 177.73 178.48 179.09 179.57 179.90 180.11 180.26

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

W E I G H T FO R A GE I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Weight (g) P97 +2SD P90

11000

+1SD P75 P50

10000

P25 -1SD P10

9000

-2SD

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

Term

0 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

WEIGHT FOR AGE Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Weight (g) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (boys) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 26 (w) 27 (w) 28 (w) 29 (w) 30 (w) 31 (w) 32 (w) 33 (w) 34 (w) 35 (w) 36 (w) 37 (w) 38 (w) 39 (w)

265 265 266 267 269 271 274 277 281 285 290 295 300 307 313

274 274 275 275 276 277 279 281 283 285 288 291 294 298 301

156 230 313 407 513 634 765 907 1062 1230 1409 1598 1803 2019 2245

315 389 473 567 674 797 929 1073 1230 1401 1583 1775 1983 2203 2433

477 550 635 730 838 962 1096 1242 1402 1575 1759 1955 2166 2390 2624

654 728 813 909 1018 1144 1280 1427 1590 1766 1953 2152 2367 2595 2834

838 912 997 1094 1204 1329 1467 1615 1779 1957 2146 2347 2564 2794 3036

1005 1079 1164 1262 1372 1499 1637 1787 1952 2131 2322 2524 2744 2976 3220

1169 1243 1329 1427 1538 1665 1804 1955 2121 2302 2495 2699 2920 3155 3400

Postnatal Age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

320 328 336 345 354 363 373 383 394 406 417 430 442 455 469 483 497 512 584 639 684 719 744 814 887 958

305 310 315 320 326 332 339 347 356 365 375 385 397 408 421 434 448 462 535 596 651 700 741 797 842 886

2482 2735 2994 3252 3500 3735 3961 4178 4382 4574 4758 4932 5092 5242 5383 5514 5631 5738 6169 6579 7016 7481 7922 8171 8304 8332

2674 2932 3195 3459 3712 3953 4185 4408 4618 4818 5008 5190 5357 5515 5664 5803 5929 6046 6520 6963 7427 7912 8369 8658 8836 8906

2870 3132 3400 3669 3928 4175 4413 4642 4859 5065 5263 5452 5627 5793 5950 6098 6232 6358 6876 7353 7845 8351 8823 9152 9374 9487

3084 3352 3626 3900 4165 4418 4663 4899 5123 5337 5542 5739 5923 6098 6265 6421 6566 6702 7267 7781 8303 8832 9321 9702 9973 10134

3289 3560 3836 4114 4383 4640 4890 5131 5361 5581 5794 5998 6189 6372 6547 6712 6866 7012 7625 8181 8739 9301 9817 10240 10541 10732

3475 3749 4028 4309 4581 4843 5097 5343 5578 5804 6022 6233 6431 6621 6803 6977 7139 7294 7951 8544 9137 9728 10269 10723 11052 11270

3659 3935 4217 4501 4777 5042 5301 5551 5792 6023 6247 6464 6669 6866 7056 7237 7408 7571 8272 8902 9527 10148 10714 11201 11556 11801

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

W E I G H T FO R A GE Infants (girls)

Weight (g)

11000 P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

10000

9000 P25 -1SD P10

8000

-2SD

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

Term

0 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

WEIGHT FOR AGE Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Weight (g) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (girls) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational Age 25 (w) 444 26 (w) 444 27 (w) 444 28 (w) 444 29 (w) 443 30 (w) 442 31 (w) 441 32 (w) 440 33 (w) 439 34 (w) 438 35 (w) 436 36 (w) 434 37 (w) 432 38 (w) 430 39 (w) 428

391 391 391 391 390 389 388 387 386 384 382 381 379 376 374

122 172 212 310 417 536 662 797 943 1099 1263 1436 1620 1813 2015

308 389 478 576 683 801 927 1062 1207 1362 1525 1696 1879 2071 2271

579 660 749 847 953 1071 1197 1330 1474 1629 1791 1961 2143 2334 2533

877 958 1047 1144 1250 1367 1492 1625 1769 1922 2083 2252 2433 2622 2819

1139 1220 1309 1406 1511 1628 1752 1885 2027 2179 2339 2507 2686 2874 3070

1378 1459 1548 1644 1749 1865 1989 2121 2262 2414 2573 2739 2917 3104 3298

1613 1694 1782 1878 1983 2099 2222 2353 2494 2644 2802 2968 3144 3330 3522

Postnatal Age 0 (w) 426 1 (w) 423 2 (w) 420 3 (w) 418 4 (w) 418 5 (w) 418 6 (w) 420 7 (w) 422 8 (w) 426 9 (w) 431 10 (w) 437 11 (w) 444 12 (w) 452 13 (w) 461 14 (w) 472 15 (w) 484 16 (w) 496 17 (w) 510 5 (m) 588 6 (m) 667 7 (m) 754 8 (m) 848 9 (m) 935 10 (m) 1029 11 (m) 1045 12 (m) 1062

371 368 366 364 364 366 369 374 381 390 400 412 426 441 458 477 497 520 624 674 673 623 552 497 555 612

2225 2447 2674 2900 3118 3326 3527 3720 3903 4077 4244 4403 4551 4692 4825 4950 5063 5170 5599 5960 6298 6613 6894 7067 7290 7413

2480 2701 2926 3151 3369 3577 3778 3973 4158 4336 4506 4670 4823 4969 5108 5240 5361 5476 5951 6360 6750 7121 7455 7684 7916 8050

2740 2959 3182 3406 3623 3832 4034 4231 4418 4598 4772 4940 5098 5250 5396 5535 5664 5788 6310 6767 7210 7638 8026 8308 8550 8694

3025 3242 3464 3687 3903 4112 4315 4513 4703 4887 5065 5237 5401 5559 5712 5859 5997 6130 6704 7214 7715 8206 8653 9003 9256 9411

3274 3489 3709 3931 4147 4357 4563 4764 4959 5148 5333 5513 5686 5855 6019 6178 6330 6478 7122 7666 8166 8624 9023 9338 9630 9824

3500 3714 3933 4153 4369 4581 4788 4992 5191 5386 5577 5764 5946 6124 6298 6469 6633 6795 7503 8077 8577 9004 9360 9640 9967 10196

3723 3935 4152 4371 4588 4800 5010 5217 5420 5620 5817 6011 6201 6389 6573 6755 6932 7107 7877 8481 8981 9378 9691 9937 10299 10562

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

W E I G H T FO R A GE Boys

Weight (kg)

P97

+2SD

80 P90 +1SD P75

P50

P25 -1SD P10

50 P3

-2SD

0 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

WEIGHT FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Weight (kg) for Age (years) for Boys Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.28 1.54 1.74 1.78 1.82 1.88 1.94 2.02 2.12 2.26 2.43 2.62 2.85 3.10 3.38 3.70 4.03 4.37 4.73 5.09 5.47 5.86 6.26 6.67 7.09 7.50 7.85 8.16 8.42 8.63 8.80 8.92 8.99 9.04

1.10 1.30 1.49 1.61 1.75 1.92 2.10 2.30 2.50 2.69 2.88 3.07 3.26 3.45 3.64 3.83 4.03 4.27 4.54 4.84 5.18 5.55 5.96 6.40 6.87 7.34 7.74 8.10 8.40 8.65 8.84 8.97 9.06 9.12

8.25 9.33 10.45 11.79 13.04 14.20 15.26 16.23 17.14 17.97 18.73 19.41 20.02 20.56 21.03 21.43 21.92 22.67 23.69 24.95 26.49 28.29 30.34 32.68 35.25 37.80 40.05 42.02 43.68 45.03 46.10 46.85 47.30 47.63

9.01 10.25 11.49 12.86 14.13 15.32 16.42 17.44 18.41 19.32 20.18 20.99 21.73 22.42 23.06 23.65 24.34 25.29 26.52 28.00 29.78 31.81 34.10 36.68 39.51 42.30 44.76 46.92 48.74 50.21 51.38 52.20 52.69 53.06

9.79 11.18 12.55 13.94 15.25 16.47 17.60 18.67 19.71 20.70 21.66 22.59 23.47 24.31 25.12 25.90 26.79 27.96 29.41 31.11 33.11 35.38 37.91 40.75 43.83 46.87 49.55 51.90 53.87 55.48 56.75 57.64 58.18 58.57

10.65 12.22 13.72 15.13 16.47 17.72 18.90 20.02 21.13 22.22 23.29 24.34 25.37 26.39 27.39 28.38 29.49 30.89 32.57 34.52 36.78 39.31 42.11 45.22 48.59 51.89 54.81 57.37 59.52 61.27 62.65 63.62 64.20 64.63

11.39 13.10 14.72 16.21 17.64 19.01 20.31 21.56 22.80 24.02 25.22 26.40 27.56 28.70 29.83 30.94 32.19 33.75 35.61 37.76 40.25 43.03 46.10 49.51 53.19 56.81 60.00 62.79 65.14 67.06 68.58 69.63 70.27 70.74

12.06 13.89 15.63 17.20 18.71 20.18 21.59 22.97 24.33 25.66 26.98 28.28 29.55 30.81 32.05 33.28 34.65 36.35 38.38 40.72 43.41 46.42 49.73 53.41 57.38 61.28 64.72 67.73 70.27 72.33 73.97 75.10 75.79 76.30

12.72 14.67 16.52 18.16 19.76 21.33 22.85 24.35 25.82 27.27 28.71 30.12 31.51 32.88 34.23 35.57 37.06 38.91 41.10 43.62 46.52 49.75 53.31 57.25 61.51 65.68 69.37 72.59 75.31 77.52 79.27 80.49 81.23 81.77

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

W E I G H T FO R A GE Girls

Weight (kg)

P97

+2SD

P90 +1SD P75 P50

P25 -1SD P10

-2SD

0 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

WEIGHT FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Weight (kg) for Age (years) for Girls Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.15 1.24 1.34 1.43 1.54 1.66 1.80 1.97 2.17 2.42 2.71 3.04 3.41 3.82 4.27 4.76 5.25 5.69 6.08 6.43 6.73 6.98 7.19 7.35 7.47 7.55 7.63 7.69 7.75 7.79 7.83 7.85 7.87 7.88

0.89 1.15 1.40 1.57 1.77 1.99 2.25 2.52 2.79 3.05 3.31 3.57 3.83 4.09 4.34 4.59 4.83 5.06 5.29 5.51 5.72 5.93 6.12 6.31 6.49 6.65 6.80 6.92 7.03 7.12 7.19 7.24 7.26 7.29

8.45 9.81 11.03 12.13 13.06 13.83 14.44 14.99 15.59 16.27 17.01 17.82 18.69 19.62 20.62 21.69 22.83 24.09 25.44 26.90 28.46 30.13 31.90 33.78 35.75 37.66 39.35 40.82 42.06 43.07 43.87 44.43 44.77 45.01

9.14 10.56 11.84 12.99 13.98 14.83 15.51 16.17 16.90 17.73 18.64 19.64 20.74 21.91 23.18 24.54 25.98 27.50 29.09 30.76 32.50 34.32 36.21 38.19 40.23 42.20 43.92 45.44 46.71 47.75 48.57 49.14 49.49 49.74

9.83 11.31 12.66 13.86 14.92 15.84 16.61 17.37 18.22 19.20 20.29 21.49 22.81 24.24 25.79 27.45 29.18 30.97 32.80 34.68 36.61 38.58 40.60 42.67 44.79 46.80 48.58 50.13 51.44 52.50 53.34 53.93 54.28 54.55

10.61 12.15 13.56 14.82 15.95 16.95 17.82 18.68 19.68 20.83 22.11 23.53 25.10 26.80 28.65 30.63 32.70 34.78 36.87 38.99 41.12 43.26 45.42 47.60 49.79 51.86 53.69 55.28 56.63 57.72 58.59 59.19 59.55 59.82

11.21 12.93 14.50 15.88 17.14 18.29 19.32 20.37 21.54 22.87 24.33 25.92 27.67 29.54 31.55 33.71 35.93 38.17 40.42 42.68 44.95 47.23 49.52 51.83 54.13 56.32 58.24 59.92 61.34 62.49 63.40 64.04 64.42 64.71

11.75 13.63 15.35 16.83 18.21 19.50 20.70 21.91 23.24 24.73 26.35 28.10 30.00 32.03 34.20 36.50 38.88 41.26 43.65 46.04 48.44 50.85 53.26 55.67 58.09 60.38 62.39 64.15 65.63 66.83 67.79 68.45 68.85 69.15

12.28 14.32 16.19 17.78 19.27 20.70 22.04 23.42 24.92 26.56 28.34 30.25 32.30 34.48 36.80 39.26 41.77 44.30 46.82 49.35 51.88 54.40 56.93 59.46 61.98 64.37 66.47 68.30 69.84 71.10 72.10 72.79 73.21 73.52

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

W E I G H T FO R SUP I NE LENGT H I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Weight (g) P97

+2SD

P90 +1SD

11000

P75 P50

10000

P25 P10

9000

-1SD -2SD

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0 30

Supine Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

WEIGHT FOR SUPINE LENGTH Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Weight (g) for Supine Length (cm) for Infants (boys) Supine Length

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

30 (cm) 32 (cm) 34 (cm) 36 (cm) 38 (cm) 40 (cm) 42 (cm) 44 (cm) 46 (cm) 48 (cm) 50 (cm) 52 (cm) 54 (cm) 56 (cm) 58 (cm) 60 (cm) 62 (cm) 64 (cm) 66 (cm) 68 (cm) 70 (cm) 72 (cm) 74 (cm) 76 (cm) 78 (cm) 80 (cm)

220 222 226 232 242 254 268 285 303 322 341 362 384 406 431 570 613 656 699 742 780 829 872 915 958 1002

82 87 103 129 166 213 271 332 379 413 432 437 427 409 407 555 609 664 719 773 800 881 934 986 1037 1087

152 292 451 629 826 1042 1277 1535 1823 2142 2492 2872 3282 3722 4179 4443 4906 5390 5895 6414 7205 7289 7616 7870 8049 8226

285 425 586 768 971 1194 1438 1706 2005 2335 2696 3089 3513 3965 4438 4784 5273 5783 6314 6858 7575 7785 8138 8418 8623 8826

419 560 724 910 1118 1349 1602 1880 2190 2531 2905 3310 3747 4213 4701 5130 5645 6181 6738 7309 8289 8417 8667 8973 9205 9434

567 709 875 1066 1280 1519 1782 2071 2393 2747 3133 3552 4004 4486 4990 5514 6059 6624 7210 7810 8366 8848 9256 9591 9852 10058

622 768 945 1153 1392 1662 1963 2294 2647 3023 3423 3845 4290 4760 5263 5888 6470 7072 7695 8332 8923 9443 9887 10257 10557 10844

672 821 1007 1232 1493 1792 2129 2496 2878 3275 3686 4111 4550 5009 5511 6225 7040 7475 8132 8802 9430 9978 10454 10855 11182 11503

721 873 1069 1309 1593 1920 2292 2695 3106 3523 3945 4373 4806 5255 5756 6557 7205 7873 8562 9265 9929 10506 11014 11446 11803 12154

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

W E I G H T FO R SUP I NE LENGT H Infants (girls)

Weight (g)

P97 +2SD

11000

P90

+1SD

P75

10000

P50 P25 -1SD

9000

P10 P3

-2SD

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0 30

Supine Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

WEIGHT FOR SUPINE LENGTH Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Weight (g) for Supine Length (cm) for Infants (girls) Supine Length

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

243 243 243 243 243 242 242 243 251 266 288 317 353 395 438 456 504 552 599 647 695 742 790 838 885 933

311 311 311 311 311 310 310 311 317 329 345 368 395 427 459 651 573 533 527 551 598 666 750 845 946 1049

112 253 419 608 820 1056 1315 1597 1899 2220 2561 2923 3304 3704 4123 4608 5056 5524 6009 6509 6965 7350 7662 7902 8071 8186

258 399 565 753 966 1201 1460 1743 2049 2380 2735 3113 3516 3941 4386 4881 5358 5854 6368 6897 7382 7794 8135 8404 8601 8745

406 548 713 902 1114 1349 1608 1891 2203 2543 2910 3307 3731 4182 4653 5158 5664 6189 6732 7289 7803 8245 8615 8913 9138 9311

569 711 876 1064 1276 1511 1770 2054 2371 2721 3104 3519 3968 4447 4947 5466 6004 6561 7136 7726 8272 8746 9148 9478 9736 9941

778 919 1084 1273 1484 1719 1977 2263 2584 2941 3335 3766 4232 4733 5254 5905 6391 6921 7492 8098 8676 9196 9654 10048 10374 10649

968 1109 1274 1462 1674 1908 2166 2452 2777 3142 3546 3990 4474 4993 5534 6300 6739 7245 7812 8432 9039 9600 10109 10561 10949 11286

1155 1296 1461 1649 1860 2095 2352 2639 2967 3339 3753 4211 4711 5250 5809 6690 7082 7564 8128 8762 9398 10000 10559 11067 11515 11915

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

W E I G H T FO R HEI GHT Boys

Weight (kg)

P97 +2SD

P90

+1SD

P75 P50

60 P25 -1SD P10 P3

-2SD

0 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

WEIGHT FOR HEIGHT Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Weight (kg) for Height (cm) for Boys Height

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

65 (cm) 70 (cm) 75 (cm) 80 (cm) 85 (cm) 90 (cm) 95 (cm) 100 (cm) 105 (cm) 110 (cm) 115 (cm) 120 (cm) 125 (cm) 130 (cm) 135 (cm) 140 (cm) 145 (cm) 150 (cm) 155 (cm) 160 (cm) 165 (cm) 170 (cm) 175 (cm) 180 (cm) 185 (cm)

0.65 0.78 0.96 1.01 1.11 1.22 1.32 1.34 1.37 1.40 1.44 1.47 1.51 1.61 1.83 2.18 2.64 3.24 3.95 4.65 5.23 5.69 6.01 6.21 6.36

0.66 0.81 0.98 1.09 1.21 1.31 1.39 0.99 0.98 1.02 1.11 1.26 1.47 1.73 2.03 2.37 2.76 3.19 3.67 4.12 4.50 4.79 4.99 5.12 5.22

5.39 7.20 7.87 8.23 9.28 10.47 11.80 13.37 14.84 16.27 17.64 18.96 20.24 21.69 23.53 25.75 28.37 31.38 34.78 38.19 41.27 43.99 46.37 48.39 50.32

5.78 7.57 8.42 8.83 9.95 11.19 12.60 14.17 15.66 17.11 18.50 19.85 21.15 22.66 24.63 27.06 29.96 33.32 37.15 40.98 44.41 47.40 49.97 52.12 54.14

6.12 8.29 8.97 9.43 10.62 11.94 13.41 14.99 16.50 17.96 19.38 20.75 22.07 23.64 25.74 28.39 31.57 35.30 39.55 43.82 47.60 50.87 53.64 55.90 58.02

7.22 8.04 9.01 10.11 11.37 12.76 14.30 15.88 17.42 18.90 20.34 21.73 23.08 24.72 26.97 29.85 33.34 37.46 42.20 46.94 51.11 54.68 57.67 60.06 62.28

7.69 8.92 10.25 10.80 12.18 13.64 15.24 16.55 18.07 19.58 21.09 22.58 24.07 25.88 28.33 31.44 35.19 39.60 44.66 49.70 54.12 57.89 61.01 63.49 65.78

8.13 9.43 10.85 11.51 12.91 14.43 16.09 17.15 18.67 20.20 21.76 23.35 24.96 26.93 29.57 32.88 36.88 41.55 46.89 52.22 56.86 60.81 64.06 66.61 68.97

8.56 9.93 11.45 12.15 13.63 15.22 16.92 17.75 19.25 20.81 22.43 24.11 25.85 27.97 30.79 34.31 38.53 43.47 49.09 54.69 59.56 63.68 67.06 69.68 72.10

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

W E I G H T FO R HEI GHT Girls

Weight (kg)

80 P97

+2SD

P90 +1SD

P75 P50

P25 -1SD P10

-2SD

0 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

WEIGHT FOR HEIGHT Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Weight (kg) for Height (cm) for Girls Height

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.59 0.69 0.79 0.93 1.05 1.17 1.29 1.41 1.55 1.70 1.88 2.08 2.30 2.57 2.91 3.33 3.83 4.40 5.05 5.67 6.18 6.58 6.87 7.04 7.18

0.53 0.67 0.84 1.05 1.29 1.44 1.43 1.21 0.96 1.03 1.22 1.52 1.94 2.44 2.98 3.56 4.17 4.82 5.51 6.15 6.68 7.10 7.39 7.57 7.71

6.01 7.35 7.91 8.19 9.19 10.21 11.31 12.51 13.77 15.08 16.43 17.82 19.26 20.89 22.87 25.21 27.90 30.94 34.32 37.71 40.76 43.47 45.83 47.85 49.77

6.37 7.79 8.41 8.74 9.82 10.89 12.07 13.35 14.70 16.10 17.55 19.06 20.64 22.43 24.62 27.21 30.19 33.58 37.35 41.11 44.47 47.42 49.95 52.07 54.08

6.73 8.24 8.92 9.31 10.46 11.61 12.86 14.21 15.64 17.14 18.70 20.33 22.04 24.00 26.40 29.24 32.53 36.26 40.43 44.57 48.24 51.43 54.14 56.37 58.46

7.32 8.12 9.03 10.05 11.17 12.40 13.73 15.16 16.68 18.28 19.96 21.72 23.58 25.72 28.35 31.48 35.10 39.21 43.81 48.37 52.38 55.84 58.74 61.08 63.27

7.49 9.19 10.05 10.65 12.04 13.37 14.69 15.97 17.32 18.97 20.77 22.74 24.88 27.36 30.35 33.86 37.89 42.44 47.50 52.49 56.86 60.60 63.69 66.15 68.44

7.81 9.61 10.56 11.28 12.82 14.24 15.57 16.71 17.91 19.59 21.52 23.67 26.07 28.85 32.17 36.03 40.44 45.38 50.86 56.24 60.94 64.93 68.20 70.77 73.14

8.13 10.01 11.07 11.92 13.59 15.11 16.43 17.42 18.48 20.21 22.25 24.59 27.23 30.32 33.96 38.17 42.94 48.27 54.17 59.94 64.95 69.18 72.64 75.31 77.77

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

P ON D E RA L I NDEX I n f a n t s ( b o ys an d g i r l s )

Nomogram of Ponderal Index for Infants (boys and girls)

40.0

m f P95 P90

P75

12000. 11000. 10000.

45.0

9000. m

8000.

50.0

7000. 6000. f m 5000.

P50

4000.

3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0

55.0

60.0

1.5 P25

65.0 3000.

P10

70.0

75.0

2000.

80.0

Weight (gram)

Ponderal Index

Length (cm)

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

QUETELET INDEX Boys and Girls

Nomogram of Quetelet Index for Boys and Girls

f P95 P90 P75

0.5

80.0 70.0 60.0

50.0 m

40.0 P50

30.0 f m P25

20.0

25.0 20.0

1.0

15.0 10.0 P10

10.0

5.0 1.5

2.0

Weight (kg)

Quetelet Index

Height (m)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

P ON D E RA L I NDEX FO R A GE I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Ponderal Index (g/cm3)

3.50

3.00

2.50

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50 P25 P10

2.00

-1SD -2SD

1.50

Term

1.00 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

PONDERAL INDEX FOR AGE Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Ponderal Index (g/cm3) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (boys) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 0.251 26 (w) 0.251 27 (w) 0.250 28 (w) 0.249 29 (w) 0.247 30 (w) 0.244 31 (w) 0.241 32 (w) 0.237 33 (w) 0.232 34 (w) 0.227 35 (w) 0.222 36 (w) 0.216 37 (w) 0.209 38 (w) 0.201 39 (w) 0.193

0.120 0.120 0.120 0.120 0.119 0.119 0.118 0.117 0.117 0.116 0.115 0.114 0.113 0.111 0.110

1.340 1.380 1.422 1.464 1.508 1.553 1.598 1.645 1.692 1.741 1.791 1.841 1.893 1.946 2.000

1.490 1.531 1.572 1.614 1.656 1.699 1.743 1.787 1.832 1.877 1.924 1.971 2.018 2.067 2.116

1.644 1.684 1.724 1.765 1.806 1.848 1.889 1.931 1.974 2.016 2.059 2.102 2.146 2.190 2.234

1.812 1.852 1.892 1.932 1.971 2.011 2.050 2.090 2.129 2.168 2.208 2.247 2.286 2.325 2.363

1.892 1.932 1.972 2.012 2.051 2.090 2.130 2.169 2.207 2.246 2.285 2.323 2.361 2.399 2.437

1.966 2.006 2.045 2.085 2.124 2.163 2.202 2.240 2.279 2.317 2.355 2.392 2.430 2.467 2.504

2.038 2.077 2.117 2.156 2.195 2.234 2.273 2.311 2.349 2.386 2.423 2.461 2.497 2.534 2.570

Postnatal Age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

0.108 0.107 0.105 0.103 0.102 0.101 0.100 0.098 0.098 0.097 0.096 0.096 0.096 0.096 0.096 0.096 0.096 0.097 0.100 0.104 0.108 0.112 0.116 0.119 0.120 0.121

2.054 2.110 2.165 2.218 2.265 2.306 2.341 2.371 2.393 2.410 2.422 2.429 2.427 2.421 2.409 2.392 2.367 2.338 2.165 2.052 1.994 1.990 2.011 2.014 1.998 1.963

2.165 2.216 2.265 2.313 2.355 2.391 2.423 2.450 2.471 2.486 2.497 2.504 2.503 2.498 2.488 2.473 2.452 2.426 2.275 2.173 2.116 2.104 2.112 2.106 2.084 2.048

2.278 2.323 2.367 2.409 2.446 2.478 2.506 2.531 2.549 2.563 2.574 2.580 2.580 2.576 2.568 2.556 2.538 2.516 2.386 2.295 2.240 2.219 2.214 2.199 2.173 2.135

2.402 2.441 2.478 2.514 2.546 2.574 2.598 2.619 2.636 2.648 2.658 2.664 2.664 2.662 2.656 2.647 2.632 2.615 2.509 2.430 2.376 2.346 2.327 2.302 2.269 2.229

2.475 2.512 2.549 2.584 2.615 2.641 2.665 2.685 2.701 2.713 2.722 2.728 2.729 2.726 2.720 2.711 2.697 2.680 2.576 2.499 2.448 2.421 2.405 2.381 2.350 2.310

2.541 2.577 2.613 2.647 2.677 2.703 2.726 2.745 2.761 2.772 2.781 2.786 2.787 2.784 2.779 2.769 2.756 2.739 2.637 2.563 2.514 2.489 2.476 2.454 2.423 2.384

2.606 2.641 2.676 2.709 2.738 2.763 2.785 2.804 2.819 2.831 2.839 2.844 2.844 2.842 2.836 2.827 2.813 2.797 2.697 2.625 2.578 2.556 2.545 2.525 2.495 2.456

0.185 0.176 0.166 0.157 0.149 0.143 0.137 0.132 0.129 0.127 0.125 0.125 0.126 0.128 0.131 0.135 0.141 0.147 0.183 0.201 0.203 0.189 0.168 0.153 0.144 0.142

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

P ON D E RA L I NDEX FO R A GE Infants (girls)

Ponderal Index (g/cm3)

3.50

3.00

2.50

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

P25 -1SD

2.00

P10 P3

-2SD

1.50

Term

1.00 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

PONDERAL INDEX FOR AGE Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Ponderal Index (g/cm3) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (girls) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 0.258 26 (w) 0.258 27 (w) 0.257 28 (w) 0.256 29 (w) 0.254 30 (w) 0.252 31 (w) 0.249 32 (w) 0.245 33 (w) 0.242 34 (w) 0.237 35 (w) 0.232 36 (w) 0.227 37 (w) 0.221 38 (w) 0.215 39 (w) 0.208

0.156 0.156 0.155 0.155 0.155 0.155 0.154 0.153 0.153 0.152 0.151 0.150 0.149 0.148 0.147

1.325 1.365 1.406 1.448 1.490 1.533 1.576 1.620 1.665 1.710 1.756 1.802 1.849 1.897 1.945

1.480 1.520 1.560 1.601 1.642 1.683 1.725 1.767 1.809 1.852 1.895 1.938 1.982 2.026 2.070

1.637 1.677 1.717 1.757 1.797 1.837 1.877 1.917 1.957 1.997 2.037 2.077 2.117 2.157 2.197

1.810 1.850 1.889 1.928 1.967 2.005 2.044 2.081 2.119 2.156 2.192 2.229 2.265 2.300 2.336

1.914 1.954 1.993 2.032 2.071 2.109 2.147 2.184 2.221 2.258 2.294 2.329 2.365 2.399 2.434

2.009 2.049 2.088 2.127 2.165 2.203 2.241 2.278 2.314 2.350 2.386 2.421 2.456 2.490 2.524

2.103 2.142 2.181 2.220 2.258 2.296 2.333 2.370 2.406 2.441 2.477 2.511 2.545 2.579 2.612

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

0.145 0.144 0.143 0.141 0.139 0.138 0.136 0.134 0.133 0.131 0.129 0.127 0.125 0.123 0.121 0.119 0.117 0.115 0.106 0.100 0.097 0.097 0.099 0.100 0.101 0.101

1.994 2.044 2.093 2.140 2.182 2.219 2.252 2.281 2.304 2.322 2.337 2.347 2.351 2.351 2.346 2.337 2.323 2.304 2.184 2.090 2.018 1.969 1.932 1.894 1.854 1.811

2.114 2.159 2.203 2.246 2.284 2.317 2.346 2.372 2.393 2.409 2.422 2.431 2.435 2.435 2.431 2.423 2.410 2.393 2.286 2.202 2.138 2.095 2.063 2.028 1.989 1.947

2.236 2.276 2.316 2.353 2.387 2.416 2.442 2.465 2.483 2.498 2.509 2.517 2.520 2.520 2.517 2.510 2.498 2.483 2.389 2.315 2.260 2.223 2.195 2.163 2.127 2.085

2.371 2.405 2.439 2.471 2.499 2.525 2.547 2.566 2.582 2.595 2.604 2.611 2.614 2.614 2.611 2.605 2.596 2.583 2.503 2.440 2.394 2.364 2.341 2.312 2.278 2.237

2.468 2.502 2.534 2.565 2.593 2.617 2.638 2.656 2.671 2.682 2.691 2.697 2.698 2.697 2.693 2.685 2.674 2.660 2.573 2.507 2.459 2.429 2.407 2.379 2.345 2.305

2.557 2.590 2.621 2.651 2.678 2.701 2.721 2.738 2.752 2.762 2.770 2.774 2.775 2.772 2.767 2.758 2.746 2.730 2.638 2.568 2.519 2.489 2.467 2.440 2.406 2.366

2.644 2.676 2.707 2.736 2.762 2.784 2.803 2.819 2.832 2.841 2.847 2.851 2.850 2.846 2.840 2.830 2.816 2.800 2.702 2.629 2.577 2.547 2.527 2.500 2.467 2.426

0.200 0.192 0.184 0.176 0.169 0.162 0.157 0.152 0.148 0.145 0.142 0.141 0.140 0.140 0.141 0.143 0.145 0.148 0.169 0.186 0.200 0.210 0.217 0.222 0.226 0.227

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

QU E T E LET I NDEX FO R A GE Boys

Quetelet Index (kg/m2)

24 P97

+2SD

P90 +1SD

22 P75 P50

20 P25 -1SD

P10

-2SD

10 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

QUETELET INDEX FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Quetelet Index (kg/m2) for Age (years) for Boys Age 0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.27 1.27 1.26 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.18 1.14 1.10 1.06 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.97 1.00 1.03 1.08 1.14 1.19 1.26 1.33 1.40 1.48 1.57 1.66 1.75 1.85 1.93 2.00 2.06 2.11 2.14 2.17 2.19 2.20

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.15 1.13 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.01 0.97 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.91 0.94 0.97 1.03 1.09 1.18 1.26 1.34 1.40 1.45 1.49 1.52 1.54 1.55 1.55 1.54 1.54 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52

13.97 13.73 13.54 13.37 13.24 13.15 13.08 13.06 13.07 13.11 13.16 13.22 13.27 13.32 13.36 13.40 13.44 13.47 13.50 13.54 13.60 13.67 13.76 13.86 13.98 14.12 14.27 14.44 14.63 14.82 15.02 15.22 15.44 15.66 15.89 16.13 16.37

14.73 14.50 14.29 14.12 13.98 13.87 13.79 13.74 13.73 13.74 13.77 13.81 13.85 13.89 13.94 13.99 14.04 14.09 14.15 14.22 14.31 14.42 14.55 14.70 14.87 15.06 15.27 15.50 15.73 15.97 16.22 16.46 16.70 16.95 17.19 17.44 17.69

15.50 15.27 15.06 14.88 14.73 14.61 14.51 14.44 14.40 14.39 14.39 14.41 14.44 14.48 14.52 14.58 14.65 14.72 14.81 14.92 15.04 15.19 15.36 15.56 15.78 16.02 16.28 16.57 16.86 17.15 17.43 17.71 17.99 18.26 18.52 18.78 19.03

16.36 16.12 15.91 15.72 15.55 15.41 15.30 15.21 15.14 15.10 15.08 15.07 15.09 15.12 15.17 15.23 15.32 15.42 15.54 15.68 15.84 16.04 16.25 16.50 16.77 17.07 17.39 17.74 18.10 18.44 18.77 19.09 19.40 19.69 19.97 20.24 20.51

17.14 16.90 16.68 16.49 16.31 16.16 16.02 15.91 15.82 15.75 15.70 15.68 15.69 15.73 15.79 15.89 16.00 16.15 16.33 16.52 16.74 16.97 17.23 17.50 17.79 18.10 18.43 18.78 19.13 19.47 19.80 20.12 20.42 20.71 20.99 21.26 21.52

17.86 17.62 17.39 17.19 17.00 16.83 16.68 16.55 16.43 16.34 16.27 16.24 16.24 16.29 16.36 16.48 16.63 16.82 17.04 17.29 17.55 17.83 18.11 18.41 18.72 19.05 19.38 19.73 20.07 20.41 20.74 21.05 21.35 21.64 21.92 22.19 22.45

18.56 18.32 18.09 17.88 17.68 17.50 17.33 17.18 17.04 16.92 16.83 16.78 16.79 16.83 16.92 17.06 17.25 17.47 17.75 18.05 18.36 18.67 18.98 19.31 19.64 19.97 20.31 20.66 21.00 21.33 21.66 21.97 22.27 22.55 22.83 23.10 23.36

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

QU E T E LET I NDEX FO R A GE Girls

Quetelet Index (kg/m2)

26 P97

+2SD

P90

+1SD P75

22 P50

P25 -1SD P10

18 P3

-2SD

10 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

QUETELET INDEX FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Quetelet Index (kg/m2) for Age (years) for Girls Age 0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.32 1.31 1.31 1.30 1.30 1.31 1.31 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.39 1.42 1.45 1.49 1.53 1.58 1.64 1.70 1.76 1.84 1.91 1.98 2.05 2.11 2.15 2.19 2.22 2.24 2.26 2.27

1.25 1.25 1.24 1.24 1.23 1.23 1.22 1.21 1.20 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.21 1.25 1.31 1.38 1.47 1.58 1.70 1.82 1.93 2.02 2.09 2.15 2.19 2.22 2.23 2.22 2.21 2.20 2.19 2.18 2.18 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.16

13.27 13.04 12.84 12.67 12.53 12.43 12.35 12.31 12.30 12.32 12.36 12.42 12.50 12.59 12.69 12.81 12.95 13.10 13.26 13.43 13.61 13.78 13.96 14.15 14.33 14.52 14.71 14.90 15.09 15.29 15.50 15.72 15.94 16.16 16.40 16.64 16.88

14.08 13.85 13.64 13.47 13.33 13.22 13.15 13.10 13.09 13.10 13.15 13.20 13.28 13.38 13.49 13.62 13.76 13.93 14.11 14.30 14.50 14.71 14.91 15.13 15.35 15.58 15.81 16.04 16.28 16.52 16.77 17.01 17.25 17.50 17.75 17.99 18.24

14.90 14.66 14.46 14.29 14.15 14.04 13.96 13.91 13.89 13.90 13.94 14.00 14.08 14.18 14.30 14.44 14.59 14.77 14.97 15.19 15.41 15.64 15.88 16.13 16.39 16.65 16.93 17.21 17.49 17.77 18.05 18.32 18.59 18.86 19.12 19.37 19.63

15.80 15.56 15.36 15.18 15.04 14.93 14.84 14.79 14.77 14.78 14.81 14.87 14.95 15.06 15.18 15.33 15.51 15.70 15.92 16.16 16.41 16.67 16.94 17.23 17.53 17.83 18.16 18.49 18.82 19.15 19.46 19.77 20.06 20.34 20.62 20.88 21.15

16.63 16.40 16.19 16.01 15.87 15.75 15.66 15.60 15.57 15.57 15.60 15.66 15.76 15.90 16.06 16.26 16.49 16.76 17.06 17.38 17.70 18.02 18.34 18.67 18.99 19.32 19.65 19.98 20.30 20.62 20.93 21.23 21.52 21.80 22.07 22.34 22.60

17.39 17.16 16.95 16.77 16.62 16.50 16.40 16.34 16.30 16.29 16.32 16.39 16.50 16.66 16.86 17.11 17.39 17.72 18.10 18.49 18.87 19.25 19.62 19.98 20.33 20.67 21.01 21.33 21.65 21.96 22.27 22.56 22.85 23.12 23.39 23.66 23.92

18.14 17.91 17.70 17.52 17.36 17.23 17.13 17.06 17.02 17.00 17.02 17.10 17.23 17.41 17.64 17.94 18.28 18.67 19.12 19.58 20.03 20.46 20.87 21.27 21.64 22.01 22.35 22.67 22.98 23.28 23.58 23.87 24.15 24.43 24.70 24.96 25.21

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

C R OW N RUMP LENGT H FO R A GE I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Crown Rump Length (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

Term

5 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

CROWN RUMP LENGTH FOR AGE Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Crown Rump Length (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (boys) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 26 (w) 27 (w) 28 (w) 29 (w) 30 (w) 31 (w) 32 (w) 33 (w) 34 (w) 35 (w) 36 (w) 37 (w) 38 (w) 39 (w)

2.05 2.04 2.04 2.02 2.01 1.98 1.96 1.92 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.75 1.69 1.63 1.56

2.03 2.03 2.02 2.01 1.99 1.97 1.94 1.92 1.88 1.84 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.64 1.58

16.95 18.03 19.10 20.14 21.17 22.17 23.15 24.11 25.04 25.96 26.85 27.72 28.57 29.40 30.20

18.17 19.26 20.32 21.36 22.37 23.36 24.32 25.26 26.18 27.06 27.93 28.77 29.58 30.37 31.14

19.42 20.50 21.56 22.59 23.60 24.57 25.51 26.44 27.33 28.19 29.02 29.84 30.61 31.36 32.09

20.79 21.87 22.92 23.95 24.94 25.90 26.83 27.73 28.59 29.42 30.23 31.01 31.74 32.45 33.13

22.15 23.23 24.28 25.29 26.28 27.22 28.13 29.01 29.85 30.66 31.43 32.18 32.88 33.55 34.19

23.39 24.47 25.51 26.52 27.49 28.42 29.32 30.18 31.00 31.78 32.53 33.25 33.92 34.55 35.15

24.61 25.68 26.72 27.72 28.69 29.60 30.48 31.33 32.13 32.89 33.61 34.30 34.93 35.53 36.10

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

1.49 1.41 1.33 1.25 1.18 1.12 1.07 1.03 0.99 0.96 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.97 1.00 1.04 1.10 1.16 1.20 1.31 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.55

1.51 1.44 1.37 1.30 1.24 1.19 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.20 1.26 1.30 1.34 1.36 1.39 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60

30.99 31.75 32.49 33.20 33.88 34.53 35.15 35.74 36.30 36.82 37.32 37.79 38.22 38.63 39.00 39.35 39.66 39.94 41.02 41.96 42.89 43.79 44.68 45.57 46.14 46.81

31.88 32.59 33.28 33.95 34.59 35.20 35.79 36.36 36.89 37.40 37.89 38.35 38.78 39.19 39.57 39.93 40.26 40.57 41.78 42.79 43.72 44.58 45.39 46.22 46.85 47.58

32.79 33.45 34.09 34.71 35.31 35.89 36.44 36.98 37.50 37.99 38.46 38.92 39.35 39.76 40.15 40.53 40.87 41.20 42.55 43.63 44.57 45.37 46.11 46.88 47.57 48.35

33.79 34.40 34.98 35.55 36.10 36.64 37.16 37.67 38.16 38.63 39.09 39.54 39.97 40.39 40.79 41.18 41.54 41.90 43.40 44.56 45.51 46.25 46.89 47.60 48.37 49.21

34.80 35.36 35.90 36.42 36.93 37.43 37.93 38.42 38.89 39.36 39.82 40.28 40.72 41.15 41.58 42.00 42.41 42.81 44.55 45.81 46.74 47.34 47.79 48.36 49.17 50.07

35.72 36.24 36.73 37.21 37.69 38.16 38.63 39.10 39.56 40.02 40.49 40.94 41.40 41.85 42.30 42.75 43.20 43.64 45.60 46.96 47.87 48.34 48.61 49.05 49.89 50.84

36.63 37.10 37.55 37.99 38.43 38.87 39.32 39.77 40.22 40.68 41.14 41.60 42.07 42.54 43.01 43.49 43.98 44.46 46.63 48.08 48.98 49.32 49.42 49.73 50.60 51.60

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

C R OW N RUMP LENGT H FO R A GE Infants (girls)

Crown Rump Length (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

Term

5 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

CROWN RUMP LENGTH FOR AGE Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Crown Rump Length (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (girls) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 1.87 26 (w) 1.87 27 (w) 1.87 28 (w) 1.86 29 (w) 1.85 30 (w) 1.84 31 (w) 1.82 32 (w) 1.80 33 (w) 1.78 34 (w) 1.75 35 (w) 1.73 36 (w) 1.70 37 (w) 1.66 38 (w) 1.63 39 (w) 1.59

2.05 2.05 2.04 2.03 2.01 1.99 1.97 1.94 1.91 1.87 1.83 1.79 1.74 1.68 1.63

19.05 19.84 20.63 21.41 22.18 22.94 23.70 24.44 25.18 25.90 26.62 27.34 28.04 28.73 29.42

20.17 20.97 21.75 22.53 23.29 24.04 24.79 25.52 26.24 26.96 27.66 28.35 29.03 29.71 30.37

21.32 22.11 22.89 23.66 24.42 25.16 25.90 26.62 27.33 28.03 28.71 29.39 30.05 30.70 31.34

22.57 23.36 24.14 24.91 25.66 26.39 27.12 27.83 28.52 29.20 29.87 30.52 31.16 31.79 32.40

23.95 24.73 25.51 26.27 27.01 27.73 28.44 29.13 29.80 30.46 31.10 31.72 32.33 32.91 33.49

25.20 25.98 26.75 27.50 28.24 28.95 29.64 30.32 30.97 31.60 32.22 32.81 33.39 33.94 34.48

26.42 27.21 27.98 28.72 29.45 30.14 30.82 31.48 32.12 32.73 33.32 33.89 34.43 34.95 35.46

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

1.57 1.50 1.43 1.36 1.30 1.24 1.19 1.15 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.03 1.13 1.21 1.24 1.24 1.23 1.22 1.33 1.41

30.09 30.76 31.42 32.06 32.68 33.28 33.86 34.41 34.95 35.46 35.95 36.42 36.86 37.29 37.70 38.08 38.44 38.78 40.14 41.12 41.85 42.33 42.73 43.25 43.73 44.45

31.02 31.66 32.29 32.90 33.50 34.07 34.63 35.17 35.68 36.18 36.66 37.12 37.56 37.98 38.38 38.76 39.12 39.47 40.87 41.90 42.68 43.24 43.70 44.27 44.83 45.59

31.96 32.57 33.17 33.76 34.33 34.88 35.41 35.93 36.43 36.92 37.38 37.83 38.26 38.68 39.08 39.46 39.82 40.17 41.61 42.68 43.53 44.15 44.68 45.30 45.95 46.74

33.00 33.58 34.15 34.70 35.24 35.77 36.28 36.78 37.26 37.72 38.18 38.62 39.04 39.45 39.84 40.23 40.59 40.94 42.42 43.55 44.47 45.16 45.76 46.44 47.19 48.02

34.05 34.58 35.10 35.61 36.11 36.60 37.08 37.55 38.00 38.45 38.88 39.31 39.72 40.12 40.52 40.90 41.27 41.63 43.18 44.36 45.30 46.00 46.59 47.26 48.09 48.97

35.00 35.49 35.98 36.44 36.91 37.36 37.81 38.25 38.68 39.10 39.52 39.94 40.34 40.74 41.13 41.51 41.89 42.26 43.87 45.10 46.06 46.76 47.34 48.00 48.90 49.82

35.94 36.39 36.83 37.26 37.68 38.10 38.52 38.94 39.35 39.75 40.15 40.55 40.95 41.34 41.73 42.12 42.50 42.87 44.55 45.82 46.80 47.50 48.08 48.73 49.70 50.66

1.54 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.36 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.16 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.15 1.21 1.29 1.39 1.51 1.62 1.70 1.84 1.90

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

S I T T I N G HEI GHT FO R A GE Boys

Sitting Height (cm)

110

P97 +2SD

100

P90 P75

+1SD

P50 P25

P10 P3

-1SD -2SD

30 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SITTING HEIGHT FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Sitting Height (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.69 2.03 2.29 2.35 2.41 2.49 2.57 2.66 2.74 2.81 2.88 2.95 3.01 3.06 3.11 3.15 3.20 3.27 3.35 3.45 3.57 3.71 3.86 4.04 4.23 4.42 4.58 4.73 4.85 4.95 5.03 5.08 5.11 5.14

1.66 1.80 2.00 2.07 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.17 2.19 2.24 2.30 2.38 2.48 2.60 2.74 2.89 3.04 3.19 3.32 3.43 3.54 3.63 3.71 3.78 3.84 3.88 3.93 3.96 3.99 4.02 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.06

47.08 49.33 51.47 53.74 55.73 57.46 58.90 60.15 61.33 62.40 63.40 64.30 65.11 65.84 66.48 67.03 67.60 68.30 69.13 70.09 71.19 72.41 73.76 75.25 76.86 78.44 79.84 81.06 82.08 82.92 83.58 84.04 84.32 84.53

48.10 50.54 52.84 55.15 57.17 58.95 60.44 61.75 62.97 64.09 65.13 66.07 66.91 67.67 68.34 68.92 69.52 70.26 71.14 72.16 73.33 74.64 76.08 77.67 79.40 81.09 82.59 83.89 84.99 85.89 86.60 87.09 87.39 87.61

49.12 51.77 54.24 56.58 58.65 60.46 62.01 63.37 64.64 65.81 66.88 67.87 68.75 69.54 70.24 70.84 71.47 72.25 73.19 74.26 75.51 76.90 78.43 80.14 81.98 83.79 85.38 86.78 87.95 88.91 89.66 90.19 90.51 90.75

50.26 53.14 55.78 58.15 60.26 62.13 63.73 65.15 66.47 67.69 68.81 69.84 70.76 71.59 72.32 72.95 73.61 74.44 75.43 76.58 77.90 79.39 81.02 82.84 84.81 86.74 88.45 89.94 91.20 92.22 93.03 93.59 93.94 94.19

51.37 54.45 57.22 59.60 61.71 63.57 65.17 66.60 67.94 69.19 70.36 71.44 72.43 73.33 74.15 74.89 75.65 76.58 77.65 78.88 80.27 81.82 83.51 85.38 87.38 89.35 91.08 92.60 93.87 94.91 95.73 96.31 96.65 96.91

52.36 55.62 58.54 60.91 63.02 64.89 66.49 67.92 69.28 70.56 71.76 72.89 73.94 74.92 75.82 76.65 77.51 78.52 79.68 80.97 82.43 84.04 85.78 87.68 89.72 91.72 93.47 95.01 96.31 97.36 98.20 98.78 99.13 99.39

53.35 56.78 59.83 62.21 64.31 66.18 67.78 69.22 70.60 71.90 73.14 74.32 75.43 76.48 77.46 78.38 79.33 80.43 81.67 83.04 84.56 86.22 88.01 89.95 92.03 94.05 95.83 97.39 98.70 99.77 100.62 101.21 101.56 101.83

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

S I T T I N G HEI GHT FO R A GE Girls

Sitting Height (cm)

110

100 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD

-1SD -2SD

30 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SITTING HEIGHT FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Sitting Height (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

2.15 2.34 2.46 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.23 2.18 2.17 2.20 2.28 2.39 2.56 2.76 3.01 3.30 3.58 3.81 3.97 4.08 4.12 4.10 4.03 3.89 3.70 3.49 3.30 3.14 3.00 2.89 2.80 2.74 2.71 2.68

1.72 1.96 2.14 2.14 2.14 2.14 2.14 2.14 2.16 2.19 2.23 2.29 2.36 2.44 2.53 2.63 2.74 2.83 2.90 2.96 3.01 3.04 3.06 3.06 3.05 3.03 3.02 3.00 2.99 2.98 2.97 2.97 2.96 2.96

45.86 48.52 50.98 53.39 55.45 57.19 58.59 59.78 60.93 62.02 63.07 64.06 65.00 65.90 66.74 67.54 68.36 69.28 70.29 71.39 72.60 73.90 75.29 76.79 78.38 79.92 81.28 82.46 83.46 84.28 84.92 85.37 85.64 85.85

47.15 49.92 52.46 54.84 56.87 58.57 59.92 61.09 62.23 63.34 64.43 65.50 66.54 67.56 68.55 69.52 70.51 71.56 72.67 73.84 75.07 76.36 77.71 79.13 80.60 82.01 83.26 84.35 85.27 86.01 86.61 87.02 87.27 87.45

48.46 51.34 53.96 56.32 58.31 59.98 61.29 62.42 63.55 64.68 65.82 66.96 68.10 69.24 70.39 71.54 72.70 73.88 75.09 76.33 77.58 78.87 80.17 81.50 82.85 84.14 85.27 86.27 87.10 87.78 88.32 88.69 88.92 89.09

49.91 52.92 55.61 57.94 59.89 61.52 62.78 63.88 65.00 66.16 67.35 68.56 69.81 71.09 72.41 73.75 75.10 76.43 77.75 79.06 80.34 81.62 82.87 84.11 85.33 86.48 87.49 88.37 89.11 89.72 90.20 90.53 90.73 90.88

51.07 54.25 57.05 59.37 61.33 62.95 64.21 65.31 66.45 67.63 68.84 70.10 71.39 72.73 74.10 75.51 76.93 78.33 79.70 81.04 82.36 83.65 84.92 86.16 87.38 88.51 89.51 90.38 91.12 91.71 92.19 92.52 92.72 92.86

52.11 55.44 58.35 60.68 62.63 64.26 65.52 66.62 67.77 68.96 70.20 71.49 72.83 74.21 75.64 77.12 78.60 80.05 81.47 82.85 84.20 85.51 86.79 88.03 89.24 90.36 91.35 92.21 92.94 93.53 94.00 94.33 94.53 94.67

53.14 56.61 59.64 61.96 63.91 65.54 66.80 67.91 69.06 70.28 71.54 72.86 74.24 75.67 77.16 78.70 80.25 81.75 83.21 84.63 86.00 87.33 88.62 89.87 91.07 92.18 93.16 94.01 94.73 95.32 95.78 96.11 96.30 96.45

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H FO R A G E I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Subischial Leg Length (cm)

P97 +2SD P90

+1SD

P75 P50 P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

Term

5 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUBISCHIAL LEG LENGTH FOR AGE Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (boys) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 1.34 26 (w) 1.34 27 (w) 1.34 28 (w) 1.34 29 (w) 1.34 30 (w) 1.34 31 (w) 1.34 32 (w) 1.35 33 (w) 1.35 34 (w) 1.35 35 (w) 1.35 36 (w) 1.35 37 (w) 1.36 38 (w) 1.36 39 (w) 1.36

1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01

9.66 9.96 10.27 10.58 10.89 11.20 11.52 11.83 12.16 12.48 12.81 13.14 13.47 13.81 14.15

10.47 10.77 11.07 11.38 11.69 12.01 12.32 12.64 12.97 13.29 13.62 13.95 14.29 14.62 14.97

11.29 11.59 11.89 12.20 12.51 12.83 13.14 13.46 13.79 14.11 14.44 14.78 15.11 15.45 15.80

12.18 12.49 12.79 13.10 13.41 13.73 14.04 14.37 14.69 15.02 15.35 15.68 16.02 16.36 16.71

12.86 13.17 13.47 13.78 14.09 14.41 14.72 15.04 15.37 15.70 16.03 16.36 16.70 17.04 17.38

13.48 13.79 14.09 14.40 14.71 15.02 15.34 15.66 15.99 16.31 16.64 16.98 17.31 17.65 18.00

14.09 14.39 14.70 15.01 15.32 15.63 15.95 16.27 16.59 16.92 17.25 17.58 17.92 18.26 18.60

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.07 1.09 1.11 1.14 1.17 1.20 1.23 1.27 1.31 1.50 1.64 1.74 1.79 1.81 1.85 1.87 1.89

14.49 14.84 15.18 15.52 15.86 16.18 16.49 16.79 17.09 17.37 17.64 17.91 18.16 18.41 18.64 18.87 19.09 19.29 20.17 20.92 21.60 22.23 22.81 22.87 23.40 23.83

15.31 15.66 16.00 16.35 16.68 17.01 17.32 17.63 17.92 18.21 18.48 18.75 19.00 19.25 19.49 19.72 19.93 20.14 21.04 21.80 22.53 23.21 23.85 24.10 24.64 25.09

16.14 16.49 16.84 17.19 17.52 17.85 18.16 18.47 18.77 19.05 19.33 19.60 19.86 20.11 20.35 20.58 20.80 21.01 21.91 22.71 23.47 24.21 24.90 25.34 25.90 26.36

17.05 17.41 17.76 18.11 18.44 18.77 19.09 19.40 19.70 19.99 20.27 20.54 20.80 21.05 21.29 21.52 21.74 21.95 22.87 23.70 24.51 25.31 26.06 26.73 27.30 27.78

17.73 18.08 18.43 18.78 19.12 19.45 19.78 20.09 20.40 20.70 21.00 21.28 21.56 21.83 22.09 22.35 22.59 22.83 23.88 24.80 25.67 26.51 27.27 27.98 28.56 29.06

18.34 18.69 19.04 19.39 19.73 20.07 20.40 20.73 21.04 21.35 21.66 21.96 22.25 22.54 22.82 23.10 23.37 23.63 24.80 25.80 26.73 27.60 28.38 29.10 29.70 30.20

18.95 19.29 19.64 19.99 20.34 20.68 21.01 21.35 21.67 22.00 22.31 22.63 22.94 23.24 23.54 23.84 24.13 24.41 25.70 26.79 27.78 28.67 29.46 30.21 30.82 31.34

1.36 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.42 1.44 1.48 1.54 1.63 1.73 2.05 2.21 2.33

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H FO R A G E Infants (girls)

Subischial Leg Length (cm)

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75

P50 P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

Term

5 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUBISCHIAL LEG LENGTH FOR AGE Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (girls) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 1.16 26 (w) 1.16 27 (w) 1.16 28 (w) 1.16 29 (w) 1.17 30 (w) 1.17 31 (w) 1.18 32 (w) 1.18 33 (w) 1.19 34 (w) 1.20 35 (w) 1.21 36 (w) 1.22 37 (w) 1.23 38 (w) 1.24 39 (w) 1.25

0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.06

9.62 9.92 10.23 10.53 10.84 11.15 11.46 11.77 12.08 12.39 12.71 13.03 13.35 13.67 13.99

10.32 10.62 10.92 11.23 11.54 11.85 12.16 12.48 12.79 13.11 13.44 13.76 14.09 14.42 14.75

11.03 11.33 11.63 11.94 12.25 12.56 12.88 13.20 13.52 13.84 14.17 14.50 14.84 15.17 15.51

11.80 12.11 12.41 12.72 13.03 13.35 13.67 13.99 14.32 14.65 14.98 15.32 15.66 16.00 16.35

12.42 12.73 13.03 13.34 13.66 13.98 14.30 14.63 14.97 15.31 15.65 15.99 16.35 16.70 17.06

12.99 13.29 13.60 13.91 14.23 14.56 14.88 15.22 15.56 15.90 16.25 16.61 16.97 17.34 17.71

13.54 13.85 14.16 14.47 14.79 15.12 15.46 15.79 16.14 16.49 16.85 17.21 17.59 17.96 18.34

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

1.08 1.10 1.12 1.15 1.17 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.31 1.33 1.35 1.38 1.40 1.42 1.44 1.51 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.61 1.63 1.65 1.66 1.68

14.32 14.65 14.97 15.29 15.60 15.89 16.17 16.44 16.70 16.94 17.17 17.39 17.59 17.78 17.96 18.13 18.28 18.42 19.03 19.74 20.61 21.64 22.70 23.50 24.15 24.61

15.08 15.42 15.75 16.08 16.40 16.70 16.99 17.27 17.53 17.78 18.02 18.24 18.45 18.65 18.84 19.01 19.17 19.32 19.95 20.67 21.55 22.58 23.63 24.45 25.12 25.60

15.85 16.20 16.54 16.88 17.21 17.52 17.82 18.11 18.38 18.63 18.88 19.12 19.33 19.54 19.73 19.91 20.08 20.23 20.88 21.62 22.50 23.53 24.58 25.42 26.10 26.60

16.70 17.06 17.41 17.76 18.10 18.42 18.73 19.03 19.31 19.57 19.83 20.07 20.30 20.51 20.71 20.90 21.07 21.23 21.91 22.66 23.55 24.58 25.62 26.49 27.19 27.71

17.43 17.80 18.17 18.53 18.88 19.22 19.54 19.86 20.15 20.43 20.70 20.96 21.20 21.43 21.65 21.85 22.04 22.21 22.96 23.73 24.61 25.59 26.58 27.60 28.31 28.85

18.08 18.47 18.85 19.23 19.60 19.95 20.28 20.61 20.92 21.22 21.50 21.77 22.03 22.27 22.50 22.72 22.92 23.11 23.91 24.70 25.57 26.52 27.45 28.60 29.32 29.87

18.73 19.13 19.52 19.92 20.30 20.66 21.01 21.35 21.68 21.99 22.28 22.57 22.84 23.09 23.34 23.57 23.78 23.99 24.85 25.66 26.52 27.43 28.31 29.58 30.32 30.88

1.27 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.33 1.35 1.36 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.53 1.55 1.56 1.56 1.55 1.59 1.62 1.65

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H FO R A G E Boys

Subischial Leg length (cm) P97 +2SD P90

+1SD

P75

P50 P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

10 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUBISCHIAL LEG LENGTH FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

2.51 2.62 2.64 2.66 2.69 2.72 2.76 2.81 2.90 3.01 3.16 3.33 3.54 3.77 4.04 4.33 4.62 4.85 5.03 5.16 5.24 5.26 5.23 5.15 5.01 4.86 4.73 4.61 4.51 4.43 4.37 4.32 4.30 4.28

2.00 2.10 2.21 2.31 2.39 2.50 2.62 2.74 2.84 2.92 2.98 3.02 3.04 3.04 3.03 2.99 2.97 2.98 3.04 3.13 3.26 3.44 3.65 3.91 4.20 4.50 4.76 4.99 5.18 5.34 5.47 5.55 5.60 5.64

27.18 30.18 32.96 35.52 37.79 40.07 42.12 44.00 45.80 47.49 49.09 50.60 52.00 53.32 54.54 55.66 56.80 58.04 59.40 60.86 62.44 64.13 65.92 67.84 69.86 71.82 73.54 75.05 76.32 77.35 78.17 78.74 79.09 79.34

28.51 31.57 34.41 37.04 39.40 41.70 43.77 45.69 47.54 49.30 50.98 52.59 54.12 55.58 56.96 58.26 59.57 60.95 62.42 63.95 65.58 67.28 69.06 70.93 72.87 74.73 76.38 77.82 79.03 80.01 80.79 81.34 81.67 81.91

29.85 32.97 35.89 38.58 41.04 43.36 45.46 47.41 49.30 51.13 52.91 54.63 56.28 57.88 59.42 60.91 62.39 63.91 65.49 67.10 68.77 70.49 72.25 74.07 75.92 77.70 79.26 80.63 81.78 82.72 83.46 83.97 84.29 84.52

31.34 34.54 37.53 40.30 42.85 45.19 47.30 49.29 51.24 53.15 55.02 56.86 58.65 60.41 62.13 63.81 65.48 67.16 68.86 70.56 72.28 74.01 75.76 77.52 79.28 80.96 82.43 83.72 84.80 85.68 86.38 86.87 87.17 87.38

32.69 35.96 39.02 41.86 44.45 46.86 49.06 51.13 53.14 55.11 57.02 58.88 60.69 62.45 64.16 65.82 67.47 69.16 70.89 72.66 74.47 76.32 78.20 80.14 82.10 83.97 85.62 87.06 88.27 89.26 90.05 90.59 90.92 91.16

33.90 37.23 40.36 43.26 45.91 48.39 50.66 52.80 54.88 56.88 58.83 60.72 62.54 64.31 66.00 67.64 69.28 70.98 72.74 74.57 76.46 78.42 80.43 82.52 84.66 86.72 88.52 90.11 91.44 92.52 93.38 93.98 94.34 94.61

35.09 38.49 41.68 44.65 47.34 49.89 52.23 54.44 56.58 58.64 60.62 62.54 64.37 66.13 67.82 69.43 71.06 72.77 74.56 76.44 78.42 80.48 82.62 84.87 87.19 89.42 91.38 93.10 94.55 95.73 96.66 97.31 97.70 97.99

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H FO R A G E Girls

Subischial Leg length (cm)

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

P25 P10 P3

-1SD -2SD

10 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUBISCHIAL LEG LENGTH FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.79 1.93 2.08 2.22 2.33 2.47 2.63 2.79 2.94 3.08 3.22 3.34 3.46 3.57 3.67 3.77 3.86 3.95 4.05 4.16 4.26 4.38 4.49 4.62 4.74 4.86 4.97 5.06 5.14 5.21 5.26 5.29 5.31 5.33

1.78 1.88 1.98 2.07 2.17 2.23 2.21 2.20 2.22 2.27 2.34 2.43 2.56 2.71 2.88 3.08 3.28 3.45 3.59 3.70 3.77 3.82 3.84 3.82 3.78 3.73 3.68 3.64 3.60 3.57 3.55 3.53 3.52 3.51

27.64 30.67 33.47 36.02 38.38 40.48 42.30 43.99 45.69 47.40 49.13 50.88 52.64 54.41 56.20 58.00 59.74 61.34 62.79 64.12 65.28 66.31 67.21 67.95 68.56 69.07 69.51 69.90 70.23 70.49 70.70 70.85 70.94 71.00

28.72 31.82 34.71 37.35 39.78 41.96 43.88 45.66 47.45 49.25 51.07 52.89 54.72 56.56 58.41 60.26 62.06 63.71 65.22 66.61 67.84 68.94 69.91 70.72 71.40 71.99 72.49 72.94 73.31 73.62 73.86 74.03 74.13 74.20

29.80 33.00 35.97 38.69 41.21 43.47 45.48 47.36 49.25 51.13 53.03 54.93 56.83 58.74 60.65 62.56 64.41 66.12 67.70 69.14 70.44 71.61 72.65 73.54 74.30 74.95 75.53 76.03 76.45 76.79 77.06 77.25 77.37 77.45

31.01 34.30 37.37 40.19 42.77 45.13 47.24 49.23 51.21 53.20 55.18 57.17 59.15 61.13 63.11 65.08 66.99 68.77 70.41 71.93 73.30 74.54 75.66 76.63 77.47 78.21 78.86 79.42 79.89 80.28 80.59 80.80 80.93 81.02

32.21 35.57 38.70 41.59 44.27 46.62 48.72 50.70 52.70 54.72 56.75 58.80 60.86 62.94 65.04 67.15 69.19 71.08 72.81 74.40 75.83 77.10 78.23 79.19 80.01 80.71 81.32 81.85 82.31 82.67 82.96 83.16 83.29 83.38

33.29 36.71 39.90 42.85 45.64 47.97 50.06 52.05 54.06 56.10 58.18 60.28 62.42 64.59 66.80 69.03 71.19 73.18 75.00 76.66 78.13 79.43 80.57 81.52 82.31 82.98 83.56 84.07 84.50 84.85 85.13 85.32 85.43 85.52

34.36 37.83 41.09 44.09 46.99 49.31 51.39 53.37 55.39 57.46 59.58 61.74 63.96 66.22 68.53 70.88 73.16 75.25 77.15 78.88 80.39 81.72 82.88 83.82 84.58 85.22 85.77 86.25 86.66 86.99 87.26 87.44 87.55 87.63

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

C R OW N RUMP LENGT H/ SUP I NE LE N G T H R A T I O F O R A G E I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Crown Rump Length/Supine Length

0.75

0.70

P97 +2SD P90

0.65

P75

+1SD

P50 P25 P10 P3

-1SD -2SD

0.60

0.55

Term

0.50 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

C RO W N RUM P L E N G T H / S U P I N E L E N G T H R A T I O F O R A G E Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Crown Rump Length/Supine Length Ratio for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (boys) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 0.020 26 (w) 0.020 27 (w) 0.020 28 (w) 0.020 29 (w) 0.020 30 (w) 0.020 31 (w) 0.020 32 (w) 0.020 33 (w) 0.020 34 (w) 0.020 35 (w) 0.019 36 (w) 0.019 37 (w) 0.019 38 (w) 0.019 39 (w) 0.019

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017

0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.626 0.626 0.626 0.626 0.626 0.626 0.626 0.627 0.627

0.637 0.637 0.637 0.637 0.637 0.637 0.637 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638

0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650

0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.662 0.662

0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.673

0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.684

0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.015 0.014

0.627 0.627 0.628 0.628 0.628 0.628 0.628 0.628 0.628 0.627 0.627 0.626 0.626 0.625 0.625 0.624 0.623 0.622 0.617 0.614 0.611 0.610 0.609 0.609 0.608 0.608

0.638 0.638 0.639 0.639 0.639 0.639 0.639 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.637 0.637 0.636 0.636 0.635 0.635 0.634 0.633 0.629 0.625 0.623 0.621 0.620 0.619 0.618 0.618

0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.649 0.649 0.649 0.649 0.648 0.648 0.647 0.647 0.646 0.645 0.645 0.644 0.640 0.637 0.634 0.632 0.630 0.629 0.628 0.628

0.662 0.662 0.662 0.662 0.662 0.661 0.661 0.661 0.661 0.660 0.660 0.659 0.659 0.659 0.658 0.657 0.657 0.656 0.653 0.650 0.647 0.644 0.642 0.640 0.639 0.638

0.673 0.673 0.673 0.673 0.673 0.673 0.673 0.673 0.672 0.672 0.672 0.672 0.672 0.671 0.671 0.671 0.670 0.670 0.668 0.666 0.662 0.658 0.653 0.650 0.648 0.648

0.684 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.682 0.680 0.676 0.670 0.664 0.660 0.657 0.656

0.693 0.693 0.693 0.693 0.693 0.693 0.693 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.695 0.695 0.695 0.695 0.696 0.694 0.690 0.683 0.675 0.669 0.666 0.665

0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.016

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

C R OW N RUMP LENGT H/ SUP I NE LE N G T H R A T I O F O R A G E Infants (girls)

Crown Rump Length/Supine Length

0.75

0.70

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

0.65

P25 P10 P3

0.60

-1SD -2SD

0.55

Term

0.50 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

C RO W N RUM P L E N G T H / S U P I N E L E N G T H R A T I O F O R A G E Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Crown Rump Length/Supine Length Ratio for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (girls) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 0.018 26 (w) 0.018 27 (w) 0.018 28 (w) 0.018 29 (w) 0.018 30 (w) 0.018 31 (w) 0.018 32 (w) 0.018 33 (w) 0.018 34 (w) 0.018 35 (w) 0.018 36 (w) 0.018 37 (w) 0.018 38 (w) 0.018 39 (w) 0.018

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.018

0.635 0.635 0.635 0.634 0.634 0.634 0.634 0.634 0.633 0.633 0.632 0.632 0.631 0.631 0.630

0.645 0.645 0.645 0.645 0.645 0.645 0.645 0.644 0.644 0.644 0.643 0.643 0.642 0.642 0.641

0.656 0.656 0.656 0.656 0.656 0.656 0.656 0.655 0.655 0.655 0.654 0.654 0.653 0.652 0.652

0.668 0.668 0.668 0.668 0.668 0.668 0.668 0.667 0.667 0.667 0.666 0.666 0.665 0.664 0.664

0.679 0.679 0.679 0.679 0.679 0.679 0.679 0.679 0.678 0.678 0.678 0.677 0.677 0.676 0.676

0.689 0.689 0.689 0.689 0.689 0.689 0.689 0.689 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.687 0.687 0.686

0.699 0.699 0.699 0.699 0.699 0.699 0.699 0.699 0.699 0.698 0.698 0.698 0.698 0.697 0.697

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.015 0.013 0.011 0.011 0.011

0.630 0.629 0.628 0.627 0.627 0.626 0.625 0.625 0.624 0.623 0.623 0.622 0.622 0.622 0.621 0.621 0.620 0.620 0.619 0.617 0.614 0.612 0.609 0.607 0.607 0.607

0.640 0.640 0.639 0.638 0.637 0.637 0.636 0.635 0.635 0.634 0.634 0.633 0.633 0.633 0.632 0.632 0.632 0.632 0.631 0.629 0.627 0.624 0.620 0.618 0.617 0.617

0.651 0.650 0.650 0.649 0.648 0.648 0.647 0.646 0.646 0.645 0.645 0.645 0.644 0.644 0.644 0.644 0.644 0.644 0.643 0.642 0.640 0.636 0.632 0.629 0.627 0.628

0.663 0.662 0.662 0.661 0.660 0.660 0.659 0.658 0.658 0.658 0.657 0.657 0.657 0.657 0.657 0.657 0.657 0.657 0.657 0.656 0.654 0.649 0.645 0.641 0.639 0.639

0.675 0.675 0.674 0.673 0.673 0.672 0.672 0.671 0.671 0.671 0.671 0.670 0.670 0.670 0.670 0.670 0.670 0.670 0.671 0.669 0.665 0.660 0.653 0.649 0.646 0.646

0.686 0.686 0.685 0.685 0.684 0.684 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.682 0.682 0.682 0.682 0.682 0.682 0.682 0.683 0.683 0.681 0.676 0.669 0.661 0.656 0.653 0.653

0.697 0.696 0.696 0.696 0.695 0.695 0.695 0.695 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.694 0.695 0.695 0.695 0.693 0.687 0.678 0.669 0.662 0.659 0.660

0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.017

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

S I T T I N G HEI GHT / HEI GHT RA T I O F O R A G E Boys

Sitting Height/Height

0.74

0.72

0.70

0.68

0.66

0.64

0.62

0.60

0.58

0.56 P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75

0.54

0.52

P50 P25 P10 -1SD P3 -2SD

0.50

0.48

0.46 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SITTING HEIGHT/HEIGHT RATIO FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Sitting Height/Height Ratio for Age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.015 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010

0.014 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013

0.589 0.574 0.561 0.552 0.546 0.542 0.541 0.541 0.540 0.539 0.537 0.534 0.530 0.525 0.520 0.513 0.507 0.502 0.498 0.494 0.492 0.490 0.489 0.490 0.491 0.493 0.494 0.495 0.496 0.497 0.498 0.498 0.499 0.499

0.598 0.583 0.570 0.561 0.554 0.550 0.549 0.548 0.547 0.546 0.544 0.541 0.537 0.532 0.527 0.521 0.516 0.511 0.506 0.503 0.501 0.499 0.498 0.498 0.499 0.500 0.501 0.502 0.503 0.503 0.504 0.504 0.504 0.504

0.607 0.592 0.579 0.569 0.562 0.558 0.556 0.556 0.555 0.553 0.550 0.548 0.544 0.540 0.535 0.529 0.524 0.519 0.515 0.512 0.510 0.508 0.507 0.506 0.507 0.508 0.508 0.509 0.509 0.510 0.510 0.510 0.510 0.510

0.617 0.602 0.589 0.579 0.572 0.567 0.565 0.564 0.562 0.561 0.558 0.555 0.552 0.548 0.543 0.538 0.533 0.529 0.525 0.522 0.520 0.518 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.517 0.517 0.517 0.517

0.626 0.611 0.598 0.588 0.580 0.575 0.572 0.571 0.570 0.567 0.565 0.562 0.558 0.554 0.550 0.545 0.540 0.536 0.532 0.529 0.527 0.525 0.524 0.524 0.524 0.524 0.524 0.525 0.525 0.525 0.525 0.525 0.525 0.525

0.635 0.619 0.606 0.595 0.587 0.582 0.579 0.578 0.576 0.574 0.571 0.568 0.564 0.560 0.556 0.551 0.546 0.542 0.539 0.536 0.534 0.532 0.531 0.531 0.531 0.531 0.532 0.532 0.533 0.533 0.533 0.533 0.533 0.533

0.643 0.627 0.614 0.603 0.595 0.589 0.586 0.584 0.582 0.580 0.577 0.573 0.570 0.566 0.562 0.557 0.552 0.548 0.545 0.542 0.540 0.539 0.538 0.538 0.538 0.539 0.539 0.540 0.540 0.540 0.541 0.541 0.541 0.541

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

S I T T I N G HEI GHT / HEI GHT RA T I O F O R A G E Girls

Sitting Height/Height

0.74

0.72

0.70

0.68

0.66

0.64

0.62

0.60

0.58

0.56

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

0.54

P25

0.52

P10 P3

0.50

-1SD -2SD

0.48

0.46 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SITTING HEIGHT/HEIGHT RATIO FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Sitting Height/Height Ratio for Age (years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.016 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014

0.012 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012

0.585 0.572 0.557 0.548 0.541 0.537 0.536 0.536 0.535 0.534 0.532 0.530 0.527 0.524 0.520 0.515 0.511 0.507 0.504 0.501 0.499 0.498 0.498 0.498 0.499 0.500 0.501 0.502 0.503 0.504 0.504 0.505 0.505 0.505

0.594 0.581 0.567 0.557 0.550 0.545 0.544 0.543 0.542 0.541 0.539 0.536 0.533 0.530 0.526 0.521 0.517 0.513 0.510 0.508 0.506 0.505 0.505 0.505 0.507 0.508 0.509 0.510 0.511 0.512 0.513 0.513 0.514 0.514

0.604 0.590 0.576 0.566 0.559 0.554 0.552 0.551 0.550 0.548 0.546 0.543 0.540 0.536 0.532 0.527 0.523 0.519 0.516 0.514 0.512 0.512 0.512 0.512 0.514 0.516 0.517 0.519 0.520 0.521 0.521 0.522 0.522 0.523

0.615 0.600 0.587 0.576 0.569 0.564 0.561 0.560 0.558 0.556 0.553 0.551 0.547 0.543 0.539 0.534 0.530 0.526 0.523 0.521 0.520 0.519 0.519 0.520 0.522 0.524 0.526 0.528 0.529 0.530 0.531 0.532 0.532 0.532

0.623 0.608 0.595 0.585 0.577 0.571 0.568 0.566 0.564 0.562 0.559 0.556 0.553 0.549 0.545 0.541 0.537 0.533 0.531 0.529 0.528 0.527 0.528 0.529 0.530 0.532 0.534 0.536 0.537 0.538 0.539 0.539 0.540 0.540

0.630 0.615 0.603 0.592 0.584 0.578 0.574 0.572 0.569 0.567 0.564 0.561 0.558 0.554 0.550 0.547 0.543 0.540 0.538 0.536 0.535 0.535 0.535 0.536 0.538 0.540 0.541 0.543 0.544 0.545 0.546 0.546 0.547 0.547

0.637 0.623 0.611 0.599 0.591 0.584 0.580 0.578 0.575 0.572 0.569 0.566 0.563 0.559 0.556 0.552 0.549 0.547 0.545 0.543 0.542 0.542 0.543 0.544 0.545 0.547 0.549 0.550 0.551 0.552 0.553 0.553 0.554 0.554

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

C R OW N RUMP LENGT H FO R SUP IN E L E N G T H I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Crown Rump Length (cm)

55 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

10 30

Supine Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

CROWN RUMP LENGTH FOR SUPINE LENGTH Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Crown Rump Length (cm) for Supine Length (cm) for Infants (boys) Supine Length

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.95 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.99 1.03 1.07 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.26

0.80 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.83 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.91 0.94 0.98 1.02 1.06 1.11 1.15 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30

18.34 19.65 20.95 22.27 23.59 24.91 26.24 27.57 28.87 30.16 31.42 32.66 33.88 35.08 36.26 37.52 38.67 39.79 40.89 41.96 43.04 44.15 45.29 46.47 47.69 46.85

18.91 20.21 21.52 22.83 24.14 25.46 26.79 28.11 29.41 30.70 31.97 33.23 34.47 35.70 36.91 38.15 39.31 40.45 41.56 42.63 43.73 44.85 46.01 47.20 48.43 47.77

19.49 20.79 22.09 23.40 24.71 26.02 27.34 28.65 29.96 31.25 32.54 33.81 35.08 36.33 37.56 38.79 39.96 41.11 42.24 43.32 44.43 45.57 46.73 47.94 49.18 48.71

20.12 21.42 22.73 24.03 25.33 26.64 27.95 29.26 30.56 31.86 33.16 34.45 35.74 37.02 38.28 39.50 40.69 41.85 42.99 44.09 45.21 46.36 47.54 48.76 50.01 49.73

20.66 21.96 23.27 24.57 25.89 27.20 28.53 29.85 31.17 32.49 33.81 35.13 36.45 37.76 39.05 40.31 41.51 42.68 43.82 44.93 46.06 47.21 48.40 49.63 50.88 50.76

21.14 22.45 23.76 25.07 26.39 27.72 29.05 30.39 31.73 33.07 34.41 35.75 37.10 38.44 39.75 41.04 42.25 43.42 44.57 45.68 46.82 47.98 49.17 50.40 51.67 51.70

21.62 22.93 24.24 25.56 26.89 28.22 29.57 30.92 32.27 33.63 35.00 36.37 37.74 39.11 40.44 41.76 42.97 44.15 45.31 46.43 47.57 48.74 49.93 51.17 52.44 52.62

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

C R OW N RUMP LENGT H FO R SUP IN E L E N G T H Infants (girls)

Crown Rump Length (cm)

55 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

10 30

Supine Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

CROWN RUMP LENGTH FOR SUPINE LENGTH Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Crown Rump Length (cm) for Supine Length (cm) for Infants (girls) Supine Length

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.09 1.08 1.07 1.04 1.00 0.95 0.89 0.84 0.80 0.79 0.81 0.85 0.92 1.00 1.08 1.12 1.10 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.12 1.13 1.15

1.05 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.94 0.91 0.90 0.91 0.94 0.98 1.04 1.12 1.19 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.23 1.23

18.56 19.86 21.17 22.47 23.78 25.09 26.40 27.71 29.00 30.26 31.51 32.73 33.93 35.12 36.29 37.40 38.61 39.79 40.94 42.05 43.17 44.31 45.47 46.66 46.51 46.47

19.22 20.51 21.81 23.10 24.38 25.66 26.94 28.21 29.48 30.74 31.99 33.24 34.49 35.72 36.93 38.07 39.28 40.45 41.60 42.70 43.82 44.96 46.13 47.33 47.36 47.48

19.88 21.17 22.46 23.73 24.99 26.24 27.49 28.72 29.97 31.22 32.49 33.76 35.05 36.33 37.59 38.75 39.95 41.11 42.26 43.36 44.48 45.62 46.80 48.01 48.25 48.50

20.61 21.90 23.17 24.43 25.67 26.88 28.08 29.28 30.50 31.75 33.03 34.33 35.66 37.01 38.31 39.56 40.75 41.89 42.98 44.02 45.07 46.17 47.31 48.50 49.37 49.62

21.31 22.60 23.87 25.11 26.34 27.54 28.72 29.89 31.11 32.36 33.65 34.99 36.36 37.76 39.11 40.34 41.53 42.68 43.82 44.91 46.03 47.18 48.36 49.58 50.84 50.54

21.95 23.24 24.50 25.74 26.95 28.13 29.29 30.45 31.66 32.92 34.22 35.59 37.00 38.44 39.83 41.10 42.28 43.43 44.56 45.65 46.77 47.92 49.10 50.32 50.91 51.38

22.58 23.87 25.12 26.35 27.55 28.72 29.86 31.00 32.20 33.46 34.79 36.17 37.62 39.12 40.54 41.85 43.02 44.16 45.29 46.38 47.50 48.65 49.83 51.06 52.10 52.21

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

S I T T I N G HEI GHT FO R HEI GHT Boys

Sitting Height (cm)

110

100

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD

-1SD -2SD

30 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SITTING HEIGHT FOR HEIGHT Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Sitting Height (cm) for Height (cm) for Boys Height 65 (cm) 70 (cm) 75 (cm) 80 (cm) 85 (cm) 90 (cm) 95 (cm) 100 (cm) 105 (cm) 110 (cm) 115 (cm) 120 (cm) 125 (cm) 130 (cm) 135 (cm) 140 (cm) 145 (cm) 150 (cm) 155 (cm) 160 (cm) 165 (cm) 170 (cm) 175 (cm) 180 (cm) 185 (cm)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.12 1.16 1.22 1.26 1.31 1.36 1.41 1.41 1.34 1.36 1.42 1.51 1.64 1.77 1.88 1.98 2.05 2.10 2.14 2.16 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.21

1.23 1.25 1.28 1.30 1.33 1.35 1.38 1.24 1.21 1.21 1.26 1.34 1.47 1.61 1.73 1.83 1.92 2.00 2.05 2.09 2.13 2.16 2.18 2.19 2.20

40.50 43.04 44.66 46.85 49.13 51.49 53.91 56.29 58.49 60.51 62.35 64.00 65.48 66.94 68.57 70.36 72.31 74.43 76.70 79.03 81.30 83.51 85.66 87.75 89.83

41.44 43.73 45.59 47.77 50.03 52.35 54.75 57.10 59.30 61.33 63.20 64.91 66.46 68.01 69.70 71.54 73.54 75.69 77.99 80.33 82.61 84.83 86.98 89.08 91.15

42.40 44.43 46.54 48.71 50.94 53.24 55.60 57.93 60.12 62.16 64.07 65.83 67.46 69.09 70.85 72.75 74.79 76.97 79.29 81.64 83.93 86.16 88.32 90.42 92.50

43.46 45.21 47.58 49.73 51.94 54.21 56.53 58.83 61.01 63.08 65.02 66.85 68.56 70.27 72.11 74.07 76.16 78.38 80.72 83.09 85.39 87.63 89.80 91.90 93.98

44.54 46.06 48.64 50.76 52.93 55.15 57.42 59.67 61.82 63.89 65.86 67.75 69.54 71.35 73.27 75.30 77.45 79.72 82.09 84.49 86.82 89.08 91.26 93.37 95.46

45.52 46.82 49.60 51.70 53.83 56.01 58.22 60.42 62.56 64.63 66.63 68.57 70.44 72.33 74.32 76.42 78.63 80.93 83.35 85.77 88.12 90.39 92.59 94.70 96.80

46.48 47.57 50.54 52.62 54.72 56.85 59.01 61.17 63.28 65.36 67.39 69.37 71.32 73.29 75.36 77.52 79.78 82.13 84.58 87.03 89.40 91.69 93.89 96.02 98.12

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

100

S I T T I N G HEI GHT FO R HEI GHT Girls

Sitting Height (cm)

110

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

100

+2SD

+1SD -1SD -2SD

30 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SITTING HEIGHT FOR HEIGHT Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Sitting Height (cm) for Height (cm) for Girls Height

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.09 1.09 1.12 1.15 1.23 1.32 1.44 1.46 1.32 1.29 1.28 1.29 1.32 1.38 1.45 1.53 1.63 1.74 1.86 1.99 2.09 2.16 2.22 2.25 2.28

1.22 1.22 1.12 1.23 1.26 1.30 1.35 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.33 1.27 1.21 1.17 1.19 1.27 1.41 1.61 1.88 2.15 2.37 2.55 2.67 2.74 2.81

40.49 43.17 44.30 46.47 48.71 51.02 53.39 55.74 57.97 60.08 62.07 63.94 65.69 67.44 69.30 71.28 73.37 75.58 77.91 80.26 82.55 84.78 86.94 89.04 91.12

41.21 43.82 45.33 47.48 49.68 51.95 54.27 56.57 58.77 60.85 62.84 64.71 66.48 68.26 70.17 72.20 74.35 76.63 79.03 81.45 83.80 86.08 88.27 90.39 92.48

42.28 44.48 46.38 48.50 50.67 52.90 55.17 57.41 59.57 61.64 63.61 65.50 67.29 69.10 71.05 73.13 75.34 77.69 80.17 82.67 85.08 87.40 89.63 91.76 93.87

43.45 45.07 47.53 49.62 51.76 53.93 56.15 58.34 60.46 62.50 64.47 66.36 68.18 70.03 72.02 74.15 76.43 78.85 81.42 84.00 86.47 88.85 91.11 93.27 95.40

44.36 46.03 48.44 50.54 52.68 54.86 57.08 59.28 61.39 63.42 65.36 67.21 68.99 70.81 72.81 75.00 77.38 79.93 82.68 85.44 88.06 90.55 92.90 95.11 97.28

45.20 46.77 49.28 51.38 53.53 55.71 57.94 60.13 62.24 64.25 66.17 67.99 69.72 71.52 73.54 75.78 78.24 80.92 83.82 86.75 89.51 92.11 94.53 96.79 98.99

46.02 47.50 50.10 52.21 54.36 56.55 58.77 60.97 63.07 65.07 66.96 68.75 70.45 72.22 74.25 76.54 79.08 81.89 84.95 88.04 90.94 93.63 96.13 98.43 100.68

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102

S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H/ C RO W N R U M P L E N G T H R A T I O F O R A G E I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Subischial Leg Length/Crown Rump Length

0.70

0.65 P97 +2SD P90

0.60

+1SD

P75 P50 P25

0.55

-1SD P10 P3

0.50

-2SD

0.45

0.40

0.35

0.30

Term

0.25 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUB I SC HI A L LEG LENG T H / C R O W N R U M P L E N G T H R A T I O F O R A G E Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length/Crown Rump Length Ratio for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (boys) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 0.041 26 (w) 0.041 27 (w) 0.041 28 (w) 0.041 29 (w) 0.040 30 (w) 0.040 31 (w) 0.040 32 (w) 0.040 33 (w) 0.039 34 (w) 0.039 35 (w) 0.038 36 (w) 0.038 37 (w) 0.037 38 (w) 0.037 39 (w) 0.036

0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.043 0.043 0.042 0.042 0.041 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.038 0.037 0.036

0.428 0.428 0.428 0.428 0.429 0.429 0.430 0.431 0.431 0.432 0.434 0.435 0.436 0.438 0.439

0.452 0.452 0.452 0.453 0.453 0.453 0.454 0.454 0.455 0.456 0.457 0.458 0.459 0.460 0.461

0.477 0.477 0.477 0.477 0.478 0.478 0.478 0.478 0.479 0.479 0.480 0.481 0.481 0.482 0.483

0.504 0.504 0.504 0.505 0.505 0.505 0.505 0.505 0.505 0.505 0.506 0.506 0.506 0.507 0.507

0.534 0.534 0.534 0.534 0.534 0.533 0.533 0.533 0.533 0.533 0.532 0.532 0.532 0.531 0.531

0.561 0.561 0.560 0.560 0.560 0.560 0.559 0.559 0.558 0.558 0.557 0.556 0.555 0.554 0.553

0.587 0.587 0.587 0.586 0.586 0.585 0.585 0.584 0.583 0.582 0.581 0.579 0.578 0.576 0.575

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

0.035 0.034 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.029 0.028 0.027 0.027 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.027 0.030 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.029 0.028 0.029 0.029

0.441 0.443 0.445 0.446 0.448 0.449 0.451 0.452 0.452 0.453 0.453 0.453 0.453 0.453 0.453 0.452 0.451 0.450 0.445 0.445 0.451 0.463 0.478 0.490 0.496 0.502

0.462 0.463 0.465 0.466 0.468 0.469 0.470 0.471 0.471 0.472 0.473 0.473 0.474 0.474 0.474 0.474 0.474 0.474 0.472 0.475 0.481 0.491 0.503 0.513 0.519 0.524

0.484 0.485 0.485 0.486 0.487 0.488 0.489 0.490 0.491 0.492 0.493 0.493 0.494 0.495 0.495 0.496 0.497 0.497 0.501 0.505 0.512 0.519 0.528 0.536 0.542 0.547

0.507 0.508 0.508 0.509 0.509 0.510 0.511 0.511 0.512 0.513 0.514 0.515 0.517 0.518 0.519 0.521 0.522 0.524 0.532 0.539 0.545 0.550 0.555 0.561 0.567 0.573

0.531 0.530 0.530 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.530 0.530 0.531 0.532 0.533 0.534 0.535 0.536 0.538 0.540 0.542 0.552 0.560 0.566 0.571 0.575 0.580 0.586 0.593

0.552 0.551 0.550 0.548 0.548 0.547 0.547 0.546 0.547 0.547 0.547 0.548 0.549 0.551 0.552 0.554 0.556 0.558 0.570 0.579 0.586 0.590 0.593 0.597 0.604 0.610

0.573 0.571 0.569 0.567 0.566 0.564 0.563 0.563 0.563 0.563 0.563 0.564 0.565 0.566 0.568 0.570 0.572 0.574 0.588 0.598 0.605 0.609 0.611 0.614 0.621 0.628

0.035 0.035 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.033 0.034 0.034 0.035 0.037 0.038 0.039 0.046 0.050 0.050 0.046 0.041 0.038 0.037 0.038

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104

S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H/ C RO W N R U M P L E N G T H R A T I O F O R A G E Infants (girls)

Subischial Leg Length/Crown Rump Length

0.70

0.65 P97 +2SD P90

0.60

P75

+1SD

P50 P25

0.55

P10 P3

-1SD -2SD

0.50

0.45

0.40

0.35

0.30

Term

0.25 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUB I SC HI A L LEG LENG T H / C R O W N R U M P L E N G T H R A T I O F O R A G E Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length/Crown Rump Length Ratio for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (girls) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 0.034 26 (w) 0.034 27 (w) 0.034 28 (w) 0.034 29 (w) 0.034 30 (w) 0.034 31 (w) 0.034 32 (w) 0.034 33 (w) 0.034 34 (w) 0.034 35 (w) 0.034 36 (w) 0.034 37 (w) 0.034 38 (w) 0.035 39 (w) 0.035

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.032

0.431 0.431 0.431 0.431 0.431 0.432 0.432 0.433 0.433 0.434 0.435 0.436 0.436 0.437 0.438

0.451 0.451 0.451 0.451 0.452 0.452 0.452 0.453 0.454 0.454 0.455 0.456 0.457 0.458 0.459

0.471 0.471 0.472 0.472 0.472 0.473 0.473 0.474 0.474 0.475 0.476 0.477 0.478 0.479 0.480

0.494 0.494 0.494 0.494 0.495 0.495 0.496 0.496 0.497 0.498 0.499 0.500 0.501 0.502 0.504

0.517 0.517 0.517 0.517 0.517 0.518 0.518 0.519 0.519 0.520 0.521 0.522 0.523 0.524 0.525

0.537 0.537 0.537 0.538 0.538 0.538 0.539 0.539 0.540 0.540 0.541 0.542 0.543 0.544 0.545

0.558 0.558 0.558 0.558 0.558 0.558 0.559 0.559 0.560 0.560 0.561 0.562 0.563 0.564 0.564

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

0.032 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.034 0.034 0.037 0.038 0.036 0.033 0.029 0.026 0.025 0.026

0.440 0.441 0.442 0.443 0.444 0.445 0.446 0.447 0.448 0.449 0.449 0.450 0.450 0.451 0.451 0.451 0.451 0.451 0.451 0.456 0.465 0.478 0.493 0.506 0.510 0.516

0.461 0.462 0.463 0.465 0.466 0.467 0.468 0.469 0.470 0.471 0.471 0.472 0.472 0.473 0.473 0.473 0.473 0.473 0.473 0.477 0.485 0.498 0.512 0.524 0.529 0.536

0.482 0.483 0.485 0.486 0.488 0.489 0.490 0.491 0.492 0.493 0.493 0.494 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.499 0.506 0.518 0.531 0.542 0.548 0.556

0.505 0.507 0.508 0.510 0.511 0.513 0.514 0.515 0.516 0.517 0.518 0.518 0.519 0.519 0.520 0.520 0.520 0.520 0.519 0.522 0.529 0.539 0.551 0.562 0.570 0.578

0.527 0.528 0.530 0.531 0.532 0.534 0.535 0.536 0.537 0.538 0.539 0.540 0.540 0.541 0.542 0.542 0.543 0.543 0.544 0.548 0.553 0.561 0.571 0.579 0.587 0.596

0.546 0.548 0.549 0.550 0.551 0.553 0.554 0.555 0.556 0.557 0.558 0.559 0.560 0.561 0.562 0.562 0.563 0.564 0.567 0.571 0.576 0.582 0.588 0.595 0.602 0.611

0.566 0.567 0.568 0.569 0.570 0.571 0.572 0.574 0.575 0.576 0.577 0.578 0.579 0.580 0.581 0.582 0.583 0.584 0.589 0.593 0.597 0.601 0.605 0.610 0.618 0.627

0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.037 0.037 0.037 0.037 0.037 0.037 0.036 0.036 0.034 0.033 0.031 0.030 0.032 0.033

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106

S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H/ SI T T I NG H E I G H T R A T I O F O R A G E Boys

Subischial Leg Length/Sitting Height

1.10

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

1.00

P25

0.90

P10 P3

-1SD

-2SD

0.80

0.70

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUB I SC HI A L LEG L E N G T H / S I T T I N G H E I G H T R A T I O F O R A G E Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length/Sitting Height Ratio for Age (years) for Boys Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.040 0.042 0.043 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.043 0.042 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.037 0.037 0.039 0.040 0.041 0.043 0.044 0.046 0.047 0.048 0.049 0.050 0.051 0.052 0.053 0.054 0.055 0.055 0.056 0.056 0.056 0.056

0.031 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.034 0.035 0.036 0.038 0.039 0.041 0.043 0.045 0.045 0.046 0.046 0.046 0.045 0.043 0.042 0.040 0.038 0.037 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033

0.540 0.564 0.589 0.613 0.635 0.655 0.673 0.689 0.705 0.720 0.734 0.748 0.761 0.773 0.785 0.795 0.805 0.814 0.821 0.827 0.832 0.836 0.838 0.839 0.839 0.838 0.837 0.837 0.836 0.836 0.835 0.835 0.835 0.835

0.564 0.589 0.614 0.638 0.659 0.678 0.696 0.711 0.727 0.741 0.756 0.769 0.783 0.795 0.808 0.819 0.830 0.840 0.848 0.855 0.860 0.865 0.868 0.869 0.870 0.870 0.869 0.869 0.869 0.869 0.869 0.869 0.869 0.869

0.589 0.615 0.640 0.663 0.684 0.702 0.719 0.734 0.749 0.763 0.778 0.791 0.805 0.818 0.831 0.844 0.855 0.866 0.875 0.883 0.889 0.894 0.898 0.900 0.901 0.902 0.902 0.902 0.902 0.903 0.903 0.903 0.903 0.903

0.616 0.643 0.668 0.690 0.710 0.729 0.744 0.759 0.773 0.788 0.802 0.816 0.830 0.843 0.857 0.870 0.883 0.895 0.905 0.913 0.920 0.926 0.931 0.934 0.936 0.937 0.938 0.938 0.939 0.939 0.940 0.940 0.940 0.940

0.637 0.665 0.690 0.712 0.732 0.750 0.766 0.781 0.795 0.810 0.824 0.839 0.854 0.869 0.883 0.898 0.912 0.924 0.935 0.944 0.951 0.957 0.961 0.963 0.964 0.963 0.963 0.963 0.963 0.963 0.963 0.962 0.962 0.962

0.655 0.685 0.710 0.732 0.752 0.770 0.786 0.801 0.815 0.830 0.845 0.860 0.876 0.892 0.907 0.923 0.938 0.952 0.963 0.972 0.979 0.985 0.988 0.989 0.989 0.988 0.986 0.985 0.984 0.984 0.983 0.983 0.982 0.982

0.674 0.705 0.730 0.752 0.772 0.790 0.806 0.820 0.835 0.850 0.866 0.881 0.898 0.914 0.931 0.948 0.964 0.978 0.990 1.000 1.007 1.012 1.015 1.015 1.014 1.012 1.009 1.007 1.006 1.004 1.003 1.003 1.002 1.002

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108

S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H/ SI T T I NG H E I G H T R A T I O F O R A G E Girls

Subischial Leg Length/Sitting Height

1.10

1.00

P97 +2SD P90

+1SD

P75

0.90

P50 P25 P10 P3

0.80

-1SD -2SD

0.70

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUB I SC HI A L LEG L E N G T H / S I T T I N G H E I G H T R A T I O F O R A G E Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length/Sitting Height Ratio for Age (years) for Girls Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.038 0.041 0.044 0.045 0.046 0.045 0.044 0.041 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.034 0.035 0.036 0.038 0.040 0.043 0.045 0.047 0.048 0.049 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.049 0.049 0.049 0.048 0.048 0.048 0.048 0.047 0.047

0.029 0.031 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.029 0.026 0.022 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.032 0.033 0.034 0.035 0.036 0.038 0.040 0.042 0.044 0.045 0.046 0.048 0.048 0.049 0.049 0.050

0.546 0.567 0.595 0.620 0.644 0.667 0.687 0.707 0.724 0.740 0.755 0.769 0.781 0.791 0.800 0.808 0.814 0.819 0.823 0.825 0.826 0.826 0.824 0.822 0.818 0.813 0.809 0.806 0.803 0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796

0.569 0.592 0.619 0.644 0.667 0.689 0.709 0.727 0.744 0.760 0.775 0.789 0.801 0.813 0.823 0.832 0.840 0.846 0.851 0.854 0.856 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.848 0.843 0.839 0.835 0.832 0.829 0.827 0.826 0.825 0.824

0.592 0.617 0.644 0.668 0.691 0.712 0.731 0.748 0.765 0.780 0.795 0.809 0.822 0.835 0.846 0.857 0.866 0.874 0.879 0.884 0.886 0.886 0.885 0.882 0.878 0.873 0.868 0.865 0.861 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.854 0.853

0.617 0.645 0.671 0.695 0.717 0.737 0.754 0.771 0.787 0.802 0.817 0.832 0.845 0.859 0.872 0.884 0.895 0.904 0.911 0.916 0.919 0.920 0.919 0.916 0.911 0.906 0.901 0.897 0.893 0.891 0.888 0.887 0.886 0.885

0.637 0.669 0.695 0.718 0.740 0.760 0.777 0.793 0.809 0.824 0.839 0.853 0.867 0.880 0.893 0.905 0.916 0.925 0.932 0.938 0.941 0.943 0.943 0.942 0.938 0.934 0.930 0.927 0.925 0.922 0.921 0.919 0.919 0.918

0.654 0.690 0.716 0.739 0.761 0.780 0.798 0.814 0.829 0.844 0.859 0.873 0.886 0.899 0.912 0.924 0.935 0.944 0.952 0.958 0.962 0.964 0.966 0.965 0.963 0.960 0.957 0.955 0.953 0.951 0.950 0.949 0.949 0.948

0.672 0.711 0.737 0.760 0.782 0.801 0.818 0.834 0.849 0.864 0.879 0.892 0.906 0.919 0.931 0.943 0.953 0.963 0.971 0.977 0.982 0.985 0.987 0.988 0.986 0.985 0.983 0.982 0.981 0.980 0.979 0.979 0.978 0.978

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S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H FO R C RO W N R U M P L E N G T H I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Subischial Leg Length (cm)

P97 +2SD P90

+1SD P75 P50 P25 -1SD

P10 P3

-2SD

5 20

Crown Rump Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUB I SC HI A L L E G L E N G T H F O R C R O W N R U M P L E N G T H Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length (cm) for Crown Rump Length (cm) for Infants (boys) Crown Rump Length 20 (cm) 21 (cm) 22 (cm) 23 (cm) 24 (cm) 25 (cm) 26 (cm) 27 (cm) 28 (cm) 29 (cm) 30 (cm) 31 (cm) 32 (cm) 33 (cm) 34 (cm) 35 (cm) 36 (cm) 37 (cm) 38 (cm) 39 (cm) 40 (cm) 41 (cm) 42 (cm) 43 (cm) 44 (cm) 45 (cm) 46 (cm) 47 (cm) 48 (cm) 49 (cm) 50 (cm)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.27 1.26 1.26 1.24 1.23 1.20 1.18 1.14 1.11 1.10 1.11 1.15 1.21 1.30 1.41 1.55 1.69 1.82 1.93 2.03 2.12 2.19 2.25 2.29 2.33 2.36 2.39 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44

1.35 1.34 1.34 1.33 1.31 1.30 1.28 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.23 1.26 1.30 1.36 1.42 1.48 1.55 1.61 1.68 1.75 1.83 1.90 1.97 2.02 2.07 2.10 2.13 2.14 2.15

8.17 8.54 8.95 9.41 9.92 10.47 11.06 11.69 12.36 12.97 13.51 13.98 14.38 14.71 14.97 15.16 15.36 15.62 15.95 16.34 16.82 17.35 17.96 18.62 19.29 19.95 20.59 21.23 21.85 22.47 25.73

8.92 9.30 9.71 10.16 10.65 11.19 11.76 12.38 13.02 13.63 14.17 14.67 15.10 15.49 15.82 16.09 16.37 16.71 17.11 17.57 18.09 18.67 19.31 20.00 20.69 21.36 22.03 22.67 23.31 23.93 26.10

9.70 10.07 10.47 10.92 11.40 11.92 12.48 13.08 13.70 14.30 14.85 15.37 15.84 16.28 16.68 17.04 17.40 17.82 18.29 18.81 19.38 20.00 20.68 21.40 22.11 22.80 23.48 24.14 24.78 25.41 28.49

10.54 10.91 11.31 11.75 12.22 12.73 13.27 13.85 14.45 15.03 15.60 16.14 16.66 17.15 17.62 18.08 18.54 19.04 19.58 20.17 20.80 21.47 22.19 22.93 23.67 24.39 25.08 25.75 26.41 27.04 30.02

11.45 11.81 12.21 12.64 13.10 13.60 14.12 14.68 15.27 15.84 16.40 16.95 17.48 18.00 18.50 18.98 19.49 20.03 20.62 21.25 21.93 22.65 23.41 24.21 24.99 25.74 26.46 27.16 27.83 28.47 31.47

12.27 12.63 13.03 13.45 13.91 14.39 14.90 15.45 16.02 16.58 17.14 17.69 18.23 18.77 19.29 19.81 20.35 20.93 21.56 22.23 22.95 23.72 24.52 25.37 26.19 26.97 27.73 28.45 29.13 29.78 32.79

13.07 13.44 13.83 14.25 14.70 15.17 15.67 16.20 16.75 17.31 17.86 18.42 18.97 19.52 20.07 20.63 21.20 21.82 22.49 23.20 23.96 24.77 25.62 26.51 27.37 28.19 28.97 29.71 30.41 31.07 34.08

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112

S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H FO R C RO W N R U M P L E N G T H Infants (girls)

Subischial Leg Length (cm)

P97

+2SD

P90

+1SD P75 P50 P25 -1SD P10

-2SD

5 20

Crown Rump Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUB I SC HI A L L E G L E N G T H F O R C R O W N R U M P L E N G T H Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length (cm) for Crown Rump Length (cm) for Infants (girls) Crown Rump Length

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

20 (cm) 21 (cm) 22 (cm) 23 (cm) 24 (cm) 25 (cm) 26 (cm) 27 (cm) 28 (cm) 29 (cm) 30 (cm) 31 (cm) 32 (cm) 33 (cm) 34 (cm) 35 (cm) 36 (cm) 37 (cm) 38 (cm) 39 (cm) 40 (cm) 41 (cm) 42 (cm) 43 (cm) 44 (cm) 45 (cm) 46 (cm) 47 (cm) 48 (cm) 49 (cm) 50 (cm)

0.97 0.97 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.09 1.14 1.19 1.24 1.30 1.37 1.44 1.51 1.59 1.67 1.75 1.83 1.89 1.94 1.99 2.02 2.05 2.07 2.20 2.25 2.38 2.43 2.51 2.56 2.63

1.05 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.19 1.23 1.26 1.29 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.39 1.41 1.45 1.50 1.56 1.63 1.71 1.92 2.18 2.37 2.41 2.43 2.49 2.51 2.58 2.62

8.17 8.54 8.94 9.38 9.85 10.35 10.88 11.45 12.04 12.60 13.11 13.58 14.00 14.37 14.70 14.99 15.28 15.64 16.05 16.52 17.05 17.65 18.30 19.00 19.70 20.38 21.05 21.70 22.34 22.96 23.57

8.76 9.13 9.53 9.98 10.46 10.98 11.54 12.13 12.75 13.34 13.89 14.40 14.86 15.28 15.66 15.99 16.33 16.73 17.18 17.68 18.25 18.86 19.53 20.24 20.95 21.64 22.31 22.97 23.61 24.24 24.85

9.35 9.72 10.13 10.59 11.08 11.62 12.20 12.83 13.48 14.10 14.68 15.23 15.73 16.20 16.63 17.01 17.40 17.84 18.33 18.87 19.46 20.10 20.78 21.50 22.22 22.92 23.60 24.26 24.91 25.53 26.15

10.00 10.37 10.79 11.26 11.77 12.33 12.93 13.59 14.27 14.93 15.56 16.15 16.70 17.21 17.69 18.13 18.58 19.07 19.60 20.17 20.79 21.45 22.15 22.89 23.62 24.32 25.01 25.68 26.33 26.96 27.58

10.70 11.08 11.50 11.97 12.50 13.07 13.69 14.36 15.07 15.75 16.40 17.01 17.58 18.11 18.61 19.06 19.53 20.04 20.60 21.22 21.88 22.60 23.36 24.16 24.95 25.70 26.43 27.13 27.80 28.45 29.07

11.34 11.72 12.14 12.62 13.16 13.74 14.38 15.07 15.80 16.50 17.17 17.79 18.38 18.93 19.44 19.91 20.39 20.93 21.52 22.17 22.88 23.64 24.46 25.32 26.16 26.96 27.73 28.46 29.15 29.80 30.44

11.97 12.35 12.78 13.26 13.81 14.41 15.06 15.77 16.52 17.24 17.92 18.57 19.17 19.73 20.26 20.74 21.24 21.80 22.42 23.10 23.85 24.66 25.54 26.46 27.35 28.20 29.00 29.76 30.47 31.13 31.78

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S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H FO R SI T T I N G H E I G H T Boys

Subischial Leg length (cm) P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75

P50

P25

P10 P3

-1SD

-2SD

10 40

100

Sitting Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUB I S C H I A L L E G L E N G T H F O R S I T T I N G H E I G H T Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length (cm) for Sitting Height (cm) for Boys Sitting Height

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

40 (cm) 42 (cm) 44 (cm) 46 (cm) 48 (cm) 50 (cm) 52 (cm) 54 (cm) 56 (cm) 58 (cm) 60 (cm) 62 (cm) 64 (cm) 66 (cm) 68 (cm) 70 (cm) 72 (cm) 74 (cm) 76 (cm) 78 (cm) 80 (cm) 82 (cm) 84 (cm) 86 (cm) 88 (cm) 90 (cm) 92 (cm) 94 (cm) 96 (cm) 98 (cm) 100 (cm)

2.12 2.25 2.33 2.39 2.43 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.51 2.62 2.76 2.93 3.13 3.36 3.62 3.87 4.08 4.24 4.36 4.43 4.45 4.43 4.38 4.32 4.27 4.23 4.20 4.18 4.17 4.16

1.68 1.83 1.97 2.07 2.13 2.15 2.29 2.44 2.62 2.80 2.98 3.17 3.37 3.56 3.76 3.97 4.15 4.28 4.37 4.42 4.41 4.36 4.27 4.13 4.01 3.90 3.82 3.75 3.70 3.67 3.65

16.82 17.96 19.29 21.00 23.10 25.30 27.91 30.21 32.63 35.14 37.73 40.40 43.16 46.00 48.92 51.92 54.90 57.76 60.49 63.11 65.59 67.95 70.19 72.29 74.25 76.07 77.73 79.25 80.62 81.84 82.97

18.09 19.31 20.69 22.03 23.90 26.10 29.10 31.63 34.08 36.64 39.30 42.05 44.92 47.88 50.94 54.09 57.23 60.21 63.04 65.72 68.24 70.62 72.85 74.91 76.84 78.63 80.27 81.77 83.12 84.34 85.47

19.38 20.68 22.11 23.48 25.50 27.90 30.72 33.08 35.56 38.17 40.90 43.74 46.71 49.79 52.99 56.30 59.59 62.70 65.62 68.38 70.94 73.33 75.55 77.58 79.48 81.23 82.85 84.33 85.68 86.88 88.01

20.80 22.19 23.67 25.30 27.30 29.50 32.28 34.67 37.18 39.85 42.65 45.59 48.67 51.89 55.24 58.73 62.18 65.43 68.46 71.30 73.91 76.32 78.52 80.51 82.37 84.10 85.69 87.15 88.48 89.67 90.79

21.93 23.41 24.99 26.46 28.80 31.47 33.81 36.30 38.94 41.73 44.65 47.71 50.93 54.27 57.76 61.39 64.96 68.30 71.39 74.26 76.87 79.24 81.38 83.28 85.06 86.71 88.24 89.66 90.96 92.13 93.24

22.95 24.52 26.19 27.73 29.80 32.79 35.20 37.79 40.53 43.43 46.47 49.65 52.98 56.45 60.06 63.80 67.49 70.91 74.06 76.95 79.56 81.90 83.98 85.80 87.50 89.09 90.57 91.95 93.21 94.37 95.47

23.96 25.62 27.37 29.10 31.30 34.08 36.58 39.26 42.11 45.11 48.26 51.55 55.00 58.58 62.31 66.18 69.98 73.48 76.69 79.60 82.20 84.52 86.54 88.28 89.90 91.43 92.86 94.20 95.43 96.58 97.66

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S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H FO R SI T T I N G H E I G H T Girls

Subischial Leg length (cm)

P97 +2SD P90

P75

+1SD

P50 P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

10 40

100

Sitting Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

SUB I S C H I A L L E G L E N G T H F O R S I T T I N G H E I G H T Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length (cm) for Sitting Height (cm) for Girls Sitting Height

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.99 2.05 2.20 2.38 2.51 2.63 2.65 2.67 2.69 2.71 2.73 2.74 2.75 2.76 2.76 2.76 2.78 2.82 2.90 3.01 3.15 3.31 3.51 3.74 3.94 4.11 4.24 4.35 4.43 4.47 4.50

1.63 1.92 2.37 2.43 2.51 2.62 2.76 2.91 3.09 3.23 3.33 3.40 3.42 3.41 3.36 3.27 3.17 3.12 3.10 3.12 3.19 3.28 3.42 3.59 3.74 3.87 3.97 4.05 4.11 4.15 4.17

17.05 18.30 19.70 21.05 23.10 25.20 27.85 30.32 32.94 35.67 38.50 41.44 44.50 47.66 50.92 54.28 57.54 60.45 63.01 65.26 67.13 68.68 69.89 70.81 71.69 72.59 73.51 74.44 75.40 76.37 77.35

18.25 19.53 20.95 22.31 25.05 27.02 29.44 31.93 34.55 37.30 40.14 43.09 46.15 49.31 52.58 55.94 59.20 62.14 64.75 67.06 69.02 70.67 72.00 73.05 74.05 75.05 76.05 77.05 78.05 79.05 80.05

19.46 20.78 22.22 23.90 26.10 28.20 31.06 33.56 36.20 38.95 41.81 44.76 47.83 51.00 54.26 57.63 60.90 63.86 66.52 68.89 70.94 72.69 74.15 75.33 76.45 77.56 78.64 79.71 80.76 81.78 82.80

20.79 22.15 23.62 25.51 27.80 29.90 32.83 35.35 38.00 40.77 43.64 46.60 49.68 52.85 56.12 59.48 62.76 65.76 68.47 70.91 73.05 74.91 76.50 77.83 79.09 80.31 81.48 82.62 83.72 84.78 85.82

21.88 23.36 24.95 27.00 29.70 31.80 34.68 37.30 40.07 42.93 45.87 48.88 51.97 55.13 58.37 61.67 64.89 67.85 70.55 73.00 75.18 77.11 78.79 80.23 81.59 82.90 84.14 85.34 86.48 87.56 88.61

22.88 24.46 26.16 27.73 29.30 31.90 35.36 39.08 41.95 44.90 47.90 50.95 54.06 57.21 60.41 63.66 66.82 69.75 72.44 74.91 77.12 79.12 80.88 82.42 83.87 85.26 86.57 87.81 88.98 90.09 91.15

23.85 25.54 27.35 29.80 32.40 34.90 38.01 40.83 43.80 46.84 49.90 52.99 56.11 59.25 62.43 65.62 68.73 71.62 74.30 76.78 79.04 81.09 82.93 84.57 86.12 87.58 88.95 90.24 91.45 92.58 93.65

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H E A D C I RC UM FERENC E FO R A GE I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Head Circumference (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

Term

5 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE FOR AGE Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Head Circumference (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (boys) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 26 (w) 27 (w) 28 (w) 29 (w) 30 (w) 31 (w) 32 (w) 33 (w) 34 (w) 35 (w) 36 (w) 37 (w) 38 (w) 39 (w)

2.11 2.11 2.10 2.08 2.06 2.03 1.99 1.95 1.90 1.84 1.78 1.71 1.63 1.55 1.46

1.68 1.67 1.66 1.65 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.53 1.49 1.43 1.38 1.32 1.25 1.17 1.09

17.49 18.58 19.66 20.72 21.76 22.79 23.80 24.80 25.77 26.74 27.68 28.62 29.53 30.43 31.31

18.76 19.85 20.91 21.97 23.00 24.00 24.99 25.97 26.91 27.84 28.75 29.64 30.51 31.36 32.19

20.05 21.13 22.19 23.24 24.25 25.24 26.21 27.15 28.07 28.97 29.84 30.69 31.51 32.30 33.08

21.46 22.54 23.60 24.63 25.63 26.60 27.54 28.46 29.35 30.20 31.03 31.83 32.60 33.34 34.06

22.59 23.66 24.71 25.73 26.72 27.67 28.59 29.49 30.34 31.16 31.95 32.72 33.44 34.13 34.79

23.61 24.68 25.73 26.74 27.72 28.65 29.55 30.42 31.25 32.04 32.79 33.52 34.20 34.85 35.46

24.61 25.69 26.73 27.73 28.69 29.61 30.49 31.34 32.14 32.90 33.62 34.31 34.95 35.55 36.12

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

1.37 1.26 1.16 1.05 0.96 0.88 0.80 0.73 0.68 0.63 0.59 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.57 0.60 0.80 0.96 1.07 1.15 1.20 1.26 1.28 1.30

1.01 0.92 0.82 0.73 0.65 0.58 0.53 0.48 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.44 0.47 0.51 0.57 0.64 0.75 0.81 0.87 0.94 0.96 0.97 1.02 1.06

32.18 33.03 33.85 34.66 35.41 36.11 36.78 37.41 37.99 38.52 39.01 39.46 39.86 40.22 40.54 40.81 41.04 41.22 41.74 42.18 42.62 43.08 43.58 44.14 44.85 45.65

33.00 33.79 34.55 35.29 35.99 36.64 37.26 37.85 38.39 38.90 39.37 39.80 40.19 40.54 40.86 41.14 41.38 41.58 42.22 42.75 43.27 43.77 44.30 44.89 45.62 46.43

33.83 34.56 35.26 35.93 36.57 37.18 37.75 38.30 38.81 39.28 39.73 40.15 40.52 40.87 41.19 41.48 41.72 41.94 42.71 43.33 43.92 44.47 45.03 45.66 46.40 47.21

34.75 35.40 36.03 36.64 37.22 37.76 38.29 38.79 39.26 39.70 40.13 40.53 40.89 41.23 41.55 41.84 42.10 42.34 43.24 43.97 44.64 45.24 45.84 46.51 47.26 48.09

35.43 36.02 36.58 37.13 37.65 38.15 38.64 39.11 39.56 39.99 40.40 40.80 41.17 41.53 41.87 42.19 42.49 42.77 43.91 44.79 45.50 46.06 46.56 47.17 47.95 48.80

36.04 36.58 37.08 37.57 38.05 38.51 38.96 39.40 39.83 40.24 40.65 41.04 41.42 41.79 42.15 42.50 42.84 43.16 44.53 45.53 46.29 46.80 47.23 47.76 48.56 49.45

36.65 37.13 37.58 38.01 38.44 38.86 39.28 39.69 40.09 40.50 40.89 41.29 41.68 42.06 42.44 42.81 43.18 43.54 45.13 46.26 47.06 47.54 47.88 48.34 49.17 50.08

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H E A D C I RC UM FERENC E FO R A GE Infants (girls)

Head Circumference (cm)

50 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

Term

5 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE FOR AGE Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Head Circumference (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (girls) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 1.62 26 (w) 1.62 27 (w) 1.62 28 (w) 1.61 29 (w) 1.60 30 (w) 1.59 31 (w) 1.57 32 (w) 1.55 33 (w) 1.53 34 (w) 1.50 35 (w) 1.47 36 (w) 1.44 37 (w) 1.40 38 (w) 1.36 39 (w) 1.32

1.87 1.86 1.85 1.84 1.82 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.69 1.64 1.58 1.53 1.46 1.39 1.31

18.05 19.13 20.19 21.22 22.23 23.21 24.17 25.10 26.00 26.87 27.72 28.55 29.34 30.11 30.86

19.02 20.10 21.16 22.19 23.19 24.16 25.11 26.03 26.91 27.77 28.60 29.41 30.18 30.93 31.65

20.01 21.09 22.14 23.17 24.17 25.13 26.06 26.97 27.84 28.69 29.50 30.29 31.04 31.76 32.46

21.10 22.18 23.23 24.25 25.24 26.19 27.11 28.01 28.87 29.69 30.49 31.25 31.98 32.68 33.35

22.35 23.43 24.47 25.48 26.46 27.39 28.30 29.17 30.00 30.79 31.55 32.28 32.96 33.61 34.23

23.49 24.56 25.60 26.61 27.57 28.49 29.37 30.22 31.03 31.79 32.51 33.21 33.85 34.45 35.03

24.61 25.68 26.71 27.71 28.67 29.57 30.43 31.26 32.04 32.77 33.46 34.12 34.73 35.29 35.81

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

1.23 1.14 1.05 0.97 0.89 0.82 0.76 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.61 0.64 0.68 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.87 0.91

31.58 32.27 32.93 33.57 34.18 34.75 35.30 35.82 36.31 36.77 37.20 37.61 37.98 38.32 38.63 38.92 39.17 39.40 40.21 40.87 41.47 42.01 42.55 43.19 43.78 44.51

32.35 33.00 33.64 34.25 34.83 35.38 35.91 36.41 36.88 37.33 37.75 38.15 38.51 38.85 39.16 39.45 39.71 39.94 40.80 41.48 42.09 42.63 43.16 43.78 44.41 45.17

33.13 33.76 34.36 34.94 35.50 36.02 36.53 37.01 37.47 37.90 38.31 38.69 39.05 39.38 39.70 39.99 40.25 40.48 41.39 42.10 42.72 43.25 43.77 44.39 45.05 45.84

33.98 34.58 35.15 35.70 36.23 36.73 37.21 37.67 38.11 38.52 38.92 39.30 39.65 39.98 40.29 40.58 40.84 41.09 42.04 42.79 43.42 43.94 44.44 45.05 45.76 46.58

34.81 35.35 35.86 36.35 36.82 37.27 37.71 38.14 38.55 38.94 39.32 39.69 40.03 40.37 40.68 40.99 41.27 41.54 42.65 43.48 44.13 44.62 45.06 45.61 46.35 47.19

35.56 36.04 36.50 36.94 37.36 37.77 38.18 38.57 38.95 39.33 39.69 40.05 40.39 40.72 41.04 41.36 41.66 41.96 43.20 44.11 44.79 45.24 45.62 46.13 46.88 47.74

36.30 36.73 37.13 37.52 37.89 38.26 38.63 38.99 39.35 39.70 40.05 40.40 40.73 41.07 41.40 41.73 42.05 42.36 43.74 44.73 45.43 45.85 46.17 46.64 47.40 48.28

1.28 1.23 1.18 1.13 1.09 1.05 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.97 1.02 1.04 1.03 1.00 0.99 1.05 1.10

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H E A D C I RC UM FERENC E FO R A GE Boys

Head Circumference (cm)

61 P97 +2SD

P90 P75

+1SD

P50 P25

P10 P3

-1SD -2SD

35 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Head Circumference (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.38 1.45 1.50 1.53 1.54 1.54 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.50 1.50 1.49 1.49 1.48 1.46 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.49 1.51 1.53 1.57 1.60 1.63 1.65 1.67 1.69 1.71 1.72 1.72 1.73

1.24 1.38 1.47 1.53 1.54 1.52 1.43 1.42 1.41 1.40 1.40 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.40 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.42 1.43 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.56

45.07 46.45 47.62 48.60 49.30 49.74 49.91 49.94 49.99 50.05 50.13 50.22 50.32 50.44 50.57 50.72 50.88 51.05 51.22 51.41 51.60 51.80 52.01 52.23 52.46 52.68 52.87 53.04 53.18 53.30 53.39 53.46 53.49 53.52

45.90 47.32 48.52 49.50 50.20 50.64 50.81 50.85 50.89 50.96 51.03 51.12 51.22 51.33 51.46 51.60 51.75 51.92 52.09 52.28 52.48 52.69 52.92 53.15 53.40 53.64 53.85 54.03 54.19 54.32 54.42 54.48 54.53 54.56

46.74 48.20 49.43 50.41 51.11 51.56 51.73 51.77 51.81 51.88 51.95 52.03 52.13 52.24 52.36 52.49 52.64 52.80 52.98 53.17 53.38 53.60 53.84 54.09 54.36 54.61 54.84 55.04 55.21 55.35 55.46 55.53 55.58 55.61

47.67 49.18 50.44 51.42 52.12 52.56 52.74 52.78 52.83 52.89 52.96 53.04 53.13 53.23 53.35 53.47 53.61 53.77 53.95 54.15 54.36 54.59 54.85 55.12 55.41 55.69 55.93 56.15 56.33 56.48 56.60 56.68 56.73 56.77

48.51 50.11 51.42 52.40 53.09 53.53 53.70 53.73 53.77 53.83 53.89 53.97 54.06 54.17 54.28 54.41 54.55 54.72 54.90 55.10 55.32 55.56 55.82 56.10 56.40 56.69 56.95 57.17 57.36 57.51 57.63 57.72 57.77 57.81

49.26 50.95 52.32 53.29 53.98 54.41 54.57 54.60 54.63 54.68 54.75 54.82 54.91 55.01 55.13 55.26 55.41 55.58 55.76 55.97 56.20 56.44 56.71 57.00 57.31 57.61 57.87 58.10 58.29 58.45 58.58 58.67 58.72 58.76

50.00 51.77 53.21 54.17 54.85 55.28 55.43 55.45 55.48 55.52 55.58 55.66 55.75 55.85 55.97 56.10 56.25 56.42 56.61 56.82 57.06 57.31 57.59 57.88 58.20 58.51 58.78 59.02 59.21 59.38 59.51 59.60 59.65 59.69

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124

H E A D C I RC UM FERENC E FO R A GE Girls

Head Circumference (cm)

59 P97 +2SD P90

P75

+1SD

P50

P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

35 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Head Circumference (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.29 1.45 1.56 1.63 1.66 1.64 1.58 1.58 1.59 1.58 1.57 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.49 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.41 1.43 1.47 1.51 1.55 1.59 1.63 1.65 1.68 1.70 1.71 1.72 1.72

1.05 1.17 1.26 1.32 1.35 1.35 1.30 1.31 1.33 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.50 1.49 1.47 1.44 1.42 1.41 1.39 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.36

44.14 45.47 46.59 47.59 48.26 48.65 48.71 48.65 48.63 48.67 48.75 48.89 49.09 49.34 49.64 50.00 50.36 50.68 50.96 51.21 51.42 51.59 51.73 51.82 51.88 51.92 51.95 51.97 52.00 52.01 52.03 52.04 52.05 52.05

44.91 46.34 47.52 48.52 49.20 49.59 49.66 49.60 49.58 49.61 49.70 49.83 50.02 50.25 50.53 50.87 51.21 51.52 51.80 52.05 52.26 52.44 52.59 52.70 52.78 52.85 52.90 52.95 52.99 53.02 53.05 53.07 53.08 53.08

45.70 47.21 48.47 49.48 50.16 50.55 50.62 50.56 50.54 50.58 50.66 50.78 50.95 51.17 51.44 51.76 52.08 52.38 52.65 52.89 53.11 53.30 53.46 53.60 53.70 53.79 53.87 53.94 54.00 54.04 54.08 54.11 54.12 54.13

46.57 48.19 49.51 50.52 51.21 51.60 51.68 51.63 51.61 51.64 51.71 51.82 51.98 52.19 52.44 52.73 53.03 53.32 53.58 53.82 54.04 54.24 54.42 54.58 54.71 54.83 54.94 55.03 55.11 55.17 55.22 55.25 55.27 55.29

47.28 48.98 50.36 51.37 52.06 52.47 52.55 52.51 52.50 52.54 52.62 52.74 52.92 53.14 53.40 53.71 54.03 54.32 54.59 54.84 55.06 55.25 55.43 55.57 55.70 55.80 55.89 55.97 56.04 56.09 56.14 56.17 56.19 56.20

47.92 49.70 51.13 52.15 52.84 53.25 53.35 53.31 53.30 53.35 53.45 53.58 53.77 54.00 54.28 54.60 54.93 55.24 55.51 55.76 55.98 56.18 56.34 56.48 56.59 56.68 56.76 56.83 56.89 56.94 56.97 57.00 57.02 57.03

48.55 50.40 51.89 52.91 53.61 54.03 54.13 54.09 54.10 54.16 54.26 54.41 54.61 54.85 55.14 55.48 55.82 56.14 56.42 56.67 56.89 57.08 57.24 57.37 57.47 57.55 57.62 57.67 57.72 57.77 57.80 57.82 57.83 57.84

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126

H E A D C I RC UM FERENC E FO R SUP I N E L E N G T H I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Head Circumference (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD

-1SD -2SD

15 30

Supine Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE FOR SUPINE LENGTH Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Head Circumference (cm) for Supine Length (cm) for Infants (boys) Supine Length

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.39 1.39 1.39 1.38 1.37 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.22 1.17 1.11 1.06 1.02 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.09 1.17 1.24 1.30 1.35 1.38 1.40 1.41

1.04 1.05 1.07 1.12 1.18 1.25 1.35 1.44 1.51 1.53 1.52 1.47 1.39 1.28 1.18 1.11 1.06 1.03 1.03 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.14

19.22 20.17 21.21 22.34 23.55 24.86 26.26 27.72 29.17 30.59 32.00 33.39 34.76 36.09 37.32 38.42 39.39 40.24 40.96 41.57 42.23 43.00 43.89 44.89 46.02 47.23

20.06 21.01 22.04 23.16 24.38 25.68 27.07 28.51 29.94 31.35 32.73 34.09 35.42 36.72 37.93 39.02 40.00 40.86 41.62 42.28 42.97 43.78 44.70 45.72 46.86 48.08

20.91 21.86 22.89 24.01 25.21 26.50 27.88 29.32 30.73 32.11 33.47 34.80 36.10 37.37 38.55 39.63 40.61 41.50 42.29 42.99 43.73 44.58 45.52 46.57 47.72 48.94

21.85 22.79 23.82 24.93 26.13 27.41 28.78 30.20 31.59 32.95 34.28 35.58 36.85 38.08 39.23 40.30 41.29 42.20 43.02 43.77 44.57 45.45 46.43 47.49 48.66 49.89

22.54 23.49 24.54 25.68 26.92 28.25 29.69 31.17 32.60 33.98 35.30 36.57 37.78 38.93 40.02 41.04 42.00 42.89 43.71 44.48 45.29 46.19 47.17 48.25 49.42 50.65

23.18 24.13 25.19 26.36 27.64 29.02 30.51 32.05 33.52 34.91 36.23 37.47 38.63 39.71 40.74 41.72 42.64 43.52 44.34 45.12 45.95 46.86 47.86 48.94 50.11 51.34

23.80 24.76 25.84 27.03 28.34 29.77 31.32 32.91 34.42 35.83 37.14 38.35 39.46 40.48 41.45 42.38 43.28 44.14 44.96 45.76 46.60 47.52 48.53 49.62 50.79 52.03

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128

H E A D C I RC UM FERENC E FO R SUP I N E L E N G T H Infants (girls)

Head Circumference (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

15 30

Supine Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE FOR SUPINE LENGTH Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Head Circumference (cm) for Supine Length (cm) for Infants (girls) Supine Length

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.85 0.85 0.87 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.07 1.14 1.18 1.20 1.20 1.16 1.11 1.03 0.97 0.93 0.91 0.91 0.94 0.98 1.03 1.07 1.10 1.12 1.13 1.14

1.62 1.62 1.59 1.55 1.50 1.43 1.34 1.25 1.18 1.12 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.06 1.06 1.07 1.06 1.06 1.04 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.97

19.99 20.92 21.93 23.01 24.17 25.39 26.69 28.04 29.38 30.71 32.04 33.35 34.66 35.94 37.13 38.21 39.18 40.04 40.79 41.45 42.14 42.95 43.86 44.89 46.02 47.24

20.49 21.43 22.45 23.55 24.73 25.99 27.33 28.72 30.09 31.43 32.75 34.05 35.32 36.56 37.71 38.77 39.73 40.59 41.36 42.04 42.76 43.59 44.52 45.56 46.70 47.92

21.01 21.95 22.99 24.10 25.31 26.60 27.99 29.41 30.81 32.17 33.48 34.76 36.00 37.19 38.31 39.34 40.28 41.15 41.93 42.64 43.39 44.24 45.19 46.24 47.39 48.61

21.58 22.53 23.57 24.71 25.94 27.27 28.70 30.18 31.60 32.97 34.29 35.54 36.74 37.88 38.95 39.96 40.89 41.76 42.56 43.30 44.08 44.95 45.92 46.99 48.15 49.37

22.67 23.61 24.64 25.75 26.95 28.23 29.60 31.02 32.39 33.72 35.01 36.25 37.44 38.59 39.67 40.67 41.61 42.47 43.26 43.98 44.76 45.62 46.58 47.64 48.80 50.03

23.66 24.59 25.61 26.70 27.86 29.10 30.42 31.78 33.11 34.40 35.67 36.89 38.08 39.24 40.32 41.33 42.26 43.11 43.90 44.61 45.37 46.23 47.19 48.24 49.39 50.62

24.63 25.56 26.56 27.63 28.76 29.96 31.23 32.53 33.82 35.08 36.31 37.53 38.71 39.87 40.96 41.97 42.90 43.75 44.52 45.23 45.98 46.83 47.78 48.83 49.98 51.20

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130

H E A D C I RC UM FERENC E FO R W EI G H T I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Head Circumference (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

20 2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000 11000

Weight (g)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE FOR WEIGHT Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Head Circumference (cm) for Weight (g) for Infants (boys) Weight

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1000 (g) 1500 (g) 2000 (g) 2500 (g) 3000 (g) 3500 (g) 4000 (g) 4500 (g) 5000 (g) 5500 (g) 6000 (g) 6500 (g) 7000 (g) 7500 (g) 8000 (g) 8500 (g) 9000 (g) 9500 (g) 10000 (g) 10500 (g) 11000 (g)

1.85 1.82 1.74 1.61 1.43 1.20 0.98 0.85 0.81 0.85 0.98 1.13 1.24 1.30 1.31 1.28 1.24 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.15

1.48 1.47 1.42 1.35 1.25 1.12 1.01 0.97 0.99 1.07 1.22 1.37 1.45 1.47 1.43 1.32 1.19 1.09 1.01 0.97 0.94

23.13 25.54 27.80 29.88 31.80 33.56 35.12 36.48 37.62 38.55 39.27 39.89 40.53 41.18 41.85 42.53 43.28 44.14 45.11 46.20 47.33

24.24 26.64 28.84 30.85 32.66 34.27 35.71 36.99 38.10 39.06 39.86 40.57 41.27 41.96 42.64 43.30 44.03 44.86 45.82 46.89 48.02

25.37 27.75 29.91 31.83 33.53 35.01 36.31 37.51 38.60 39.58 40.45 41.26 42.02 42.75 43.44 44.09 44.78 45.60 46.54 47.60 48.73

26.60 28.97 31.07 32.91 34.49 35.81 36.97 38.08 39.14 40.15 41.11 42.02 42.85 43.62 44.32 44.95 45.61 46.40 47.33 48.38 49.50

27.59 29.95 32.03 33.82 35.33 36.56 37.65 38.73 39.80 40.87 41.93 42.93 43.82 44.60 45.27 45.83 46.41 47.13 48.00 49.03 50.13

28.50 30.84 32.90 34.64 36.09 37.25 38.26 39.32 40.40 41.52 42.67 43.77 44.71 45.50 46.14 46.63 47.13 47.79 48.62 49.62 50.70

29.39 31.72 33.75 35.45 36.84 37.92 38.87 39.90 40.99 42.16 43.41 44.59 45.58 46.39 47.00 47.42 47.84 48.44 49.23 50.20 51.27

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132

H E A D C I RC UM FERENC E FO R W EI G H T Infants (girls)

Head Circumference (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

20 2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000 11000

Weight (g)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE FOR WEIGHT Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Head Circumference (cm) for Weight (g) for Infants (girls) Weight

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1000 (g) 1500 (g) 2000 (g) 2500 (g) 3000 (g) 3500 (g) 4000 (g) 4500 (g) 5000 (g) 5500 (g) 6000 (g) 6500 (g) 7000 (g) 7500 (g) 8000 (g) 8500 (g) 9000 (g) 9500 (g) 10000 (g) 10500 (g) 11000 (g)

1.56 1.53 1.47 1.35 1.19 0.99 0.81 0.73 0.74 0.84 1.04 1.24 1.37 1.43 1.41 1.32 1.20 1.10 1.04 1.00 0.97

1.23 1.22 1.21 1.18 1.14 1.10 1.05 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08

23.46 25.87 28.10 30.15 32.02 33.70 35.20 36.48 37.55 38.41 39.05 39.60 40.18 40.77 41.38 42.01 42.72 43.54 44.49 45.55 46.68

24.39 26.79 28.98 30.96 32.73 34.30 35.69 36.92 37.99 38.91 39.67 40.35 41.00 41.62 42.22 42.80 43.43 44.20 45.11 46.15 47.26

25.34 27.72 29.87 31.78 33.46 34.90 36.18 37.36 38.44 39.42 40.31 41.11 41.84 42.50 43.08 43.60 44.16 44.88 45.74 46.76 47.86

26.38 28.75 30.85 32.69 34.26 35.57 36.73 37.85 38.94 39.99 41.00 41.94 42.76 43.45 44.03 44.48 44.97 45.62 46.44 47.43 48.51

27.21 29.56 31.66 33.48 35.03 36.30 37.43 38.54 39.61 40.67 41.69 42.65 43.47 44.18 44.76 45.21 45.69 46.34 47.16 48.16 49.23

27.95 30.31 32.39 34.20 35.72 36.97 38.08 39.16 40.23 41.29 42.32 43.29 44.13 44.84 45.42 45.88 46.35 47.00 47.82 48.81 49.89

28.69 31.04 33.12 34.90 36.41 37.63 38.71 39.78 40.84 41.89 42.94 43.92 44.77 45.49 46.07 46.53 47.00 47.65 48.47 49.46 50.53

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134

A R M S P A N FO R A GE I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Arm Span (cm)

85 P97 +2SD P90

P75

+1SD

P50

P25 -1SD P10 P3 -2SD

Term

20 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

ARM SPAN FOR AGE Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Arm Span (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (boys) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 4.34 26 (w) 4.34 27 (w) 4.32 28 (w) 4.31 29 (w) 4.28 30 (w) 4.24 31 (w) 4.20 32 (w) 4.15 33 (w) 4.10 34 (w) 4.03 35 (w) 3.96 36 (w) 3.88 37 (w) 3.79 38 (w) 3.69 39 (w) 3.59

2.12 2.12 2.11 2.11 2.10 2.08 2.06 2.04 2.02 1.99 1.96 1.92 1.88 1.84 1.80

25.54 26.64 27.75 28.87 29.99 31.12 32.26 33.40 34.55 35.71 36.87 38.04 39.22 40.40 41.59

28.14 29.24 30.35 31.45 32.56 33.67 34.78 35.89 37.01 38.13 39.25 40.37 41.49 42.62 43.74

30.79 31.89 32.98 34.08 35.17 36.26 37.34 38.43 39.51 40.58 41.66 42.73 43.80 44.87 45.93

33.70 34.79 35.88 36.96 38.04 39.10 40.16 41.21 42.25 43.28 44.31 45.33 46.34 47.34 48.34

35.12 36.21 37.30 38.37 39.44 40.49 41.54 42.58 43.60 44.62 45.62 46.62 47.60 48.58 49.54

36.42 37.51 38.59 39.66 40.72 41.76 42.80 43.82 44.83 45.83 46.81 47.79 48.75 49.70 50.64

37.69 38.78 39.86 40.92 41.98 43.01 44.03 45.04 46.04 47.02 47.99 48.94 49.88 50.81 51.72

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

1.75 1.70 1.64 1.59 1.55 1.50 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.39 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.39 1.54 1.76 2.06 2.44 2.83 3.11 3.34 3.42

42.79 43.99 45.19 46.35 47.45 48.47 49.44 50.35 51.18 51.94 52.64 53.29 53.84 54.34 54.79 55.16 55.46 55.70 56.44 57.51 59.09 61.16 63.55 66.00 68.00 70.22

44.87 46.01 47.13 48.22 49.26 50.23 51.16 52.03 52.84 53.59 54.29 54.94 55.51 56.04 56.52 56.94 57.29 57.59 58.66 59.90 61.48 63.39 65.56 67.85 69.92 72.22

47.00 48.06 49.10 50.13 51.10 52.03 52.91 53.75 54.53 55.27 55.96 56.62 57.21 57.76 58.27 58.74 59.14 59.51 60.91 62.32 63.90 65.66 67.60 69.74 71.86 74.24

49.33 50.31 51.27 52.22 53.13 53.99 54.83 55.63 56.39 57.11 57.80 58.46 59.08 59.66 60.20 60.72 61.18 61.62 63.39 64.98 66.56 68.15 69.85 71.80 74.02 76.50

50.50 51.44 52.37 53.28 54.16 55.00 55.81 56.59 57.33 58.04 58.72 59.37 59.98 60.56 61.11 61.63 62.10 62.55 64.42 66.15 67.94 69.79 71.74 73.89 76.28 78.81

51.57 52.48 53.38 54.26 55.10 55.92 56.71 57.47 58.19 58.89 59.56 60.20 60.81 61.38 61.93 62.46 62.94 63.40 65.36 67.23 69.20 71.28 73.47 75.78 78.31 80.88

52.62 53.50 54.36 55.21 56.03 56.82 57.59 58.33 59.04 59.72 60.38 61.02 61.62 62.19 62.75 63.27 63.76 64.23 66.28 68.28 70.44 72.75 75.17 77.64 80.31 82.93

3.48 3.36 3.24 3.12 3.02 2.94 2.87 2.81 2.77 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.78 2.83 2.88 2.95 3.05 3.09 3.13 3.20 3.41 3.47 3.50 3.56 3.62 3.75

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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136

A R M S P A N FO R A GE Infants (girls)

Arm Span (cm)

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

P25

-1SD P10 P3 -2SD

Term

20 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

ARM SPAN FOR AGE Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Arm Span (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (girls) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gest.Age 25 (w) 26 (w) 27 (w) 28 (w) 29 (w) 30 (w) 31 (w) 32 (w) 33 (w) 34 (w) 35 (w) 36 (w) 37 (w) 38 (w) 39 (w)

3.19 3.19 3.19 3.18 3.17 3.16 3.15 3.13 3.12 3.09 3.07 3.05 3.02 2.99 2.95

2.69 2.69 2.68 2.67 2.65 2.63 2.60 2.57 2.53 2.49 2.45 2.40 2.34 2.28 2.21

27.27 28.36 29.45 30.53 31.60 32.66 33.71 34.75 35.79 36.81 37.83 38.84 39.84 40.83 41.82

29.18 30.28 31.36 32.44 33.50 34.55 35.60 36.63 37.66 38.67 39.67 40.67 41.65 42.62 43.59

31.13 32.22 33.30 34.38 35.44 36.48 37.52 38.54 39.56 40.56 41.55 42.53 43.49 44.45 45.39

33.27 34.36 35.44 36.51 37.56 38.60 39.63 40.64 41.64 42.63 43.61 44.57 45.51 46.45 47.37

35.07 36.16 37.24 38.30 39.34 40.36 41.37 42.37 43.34 44.30 45.24 46.17 47.08 47.97 48.85

36.71 37.80 38.87 39.92 40.96 41.96 42.96 43.93 44.89 45.82 46.74 47.63 48.51 49.36 50.20

38.33 39.41 40.48 41.52 42.55 43.54 44.52 45.48 46.41 47.31 48.20 49.07 49.91 50.73 51.53

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

2.92 2.88 2.84 2.80 2.77 2.74 2.71 2.69 2.67 2.66 2.65 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.65 2.67 2.68 2.79 2.87 2.94 2.99 3.02 3.10 3.21 3.33

2.14 2.07 1.99 1.92 1.85 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.72 1.71 1.72 1.73 1.76 1.80 1.85 1.91 1.98 2.07 2.13 2.34 2.51 2.62 2.70 2.75 2.83 2.91

42.79 43.76 44.71 45.63 46.52 47.36 48.17 48.94 49.67 50.35 51.01 51.62 52.19 52.72 53.21 53.67 54.07 54.45 55.95 57.48 59.22 61.17 63.30 65.56 67.67 70.01

44.54 45.48 46.41 47.32 48.18 49.01 49.80 50.56 51.27 51.95 52.59 53.21 53.77 54.30 54.80 55.26 55.67 56.06 57.62 59.21 60.99 62.96 65.11 67.39 69.59 72.00

46.32 47.24 48.14 49.03 49.87 50.68 51.45 52.20 52.90 53.57 54.21 54.82 55.38 55.91 56.41 56.88 57.30 57.69 59.32 60.96 62.78 64.79 66.95 69.24 71.54 74.02

48.28 49.17 50.05 50.90 51.73 52.51 53.27 54.00 54.69 55.35 55.98 56.59 57.15 57.68 58.18 58.65 59.09 59.49 61.19 62.89 64.75 66.79 68.97 71.28 73.71 76.26

49.71 50.56 51.38 52.19 52.97 53.72 54.45 55.16 55.84 56.50 57.13 57.75 58.33 58.88 59.42 59.93 60.41 60.87 62.85 64.64 66.43 68.23 70.11 72.20 74.85 77.59

51.02 51.82 52.60 53.36 54.10 54.82 55.53 56.22 56.89 57.55 58.18 58.80 59.40 59.98 60.55 61.10 61.62 62.13 64.36 66.24 67.97 69.54 71.14 73.03 75.88 78.78

52.31 53.06 53.79 54.51 55.21 55.91 56.59 57.26 57.92 58.57 59.21 59.84 60.46 61.06 61.66 62.24 62.81 63.37 65.85 67.81 69.47 70.83 72.16 73.84 76.89 79.95

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

137

138

A R M S P A N FO R A GE Boys

Arm Span (cm)

P97 +2SD P90

195

P75

+1SD

P50 P25 P10

175

-1SD -2SD

155

135

115

35 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

ARM SPAN FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Arm Span (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

3.99 4.52 4.95 5.07 5.21 5.36 5.54 5.72 5.89 6.03 6.16 6.27 6.36 6.44 6.49 6.53 6.57 6.64 6.73 6.85 6.99 7.15 7.34 7.56 7.79 8.03 8.24 8.42 8.57 8.70 8.80 8.86 8.91 8.94

3.77 4.08 4.33 4.44 4.57 4.72 4.89 5.07 5.25 5.43 5.61 5.78 5.96 6.13 6.31 6.48 6.65 6.82 6.98 7.15 7.31 7.47 7.63 7.79 7.95 8.09 8.22 8.33 8.43 8.51 8.57 8.61 8.63 8.65

65.67 69.94 74.43 79.53 84.61 89.67 94.69 99.53 104.02 108.09 111.80 115.16 118.11 120.70 122.92 124.76 126.56 128.62 130.95 133.53 136.41 139.55 142.95 146.64 150.58 154.43 157.81 160.78 163.27 165.31 166.92 168.04 168.71 169.22

68.06 72.65 77.40 82.57 87.73 92.89 98.02 102.96 107.55 111.71 115.50 118.92 121.92 124.56 126.82 128.68 130.51 132.60 134.99 137.64 140.61 143.84 147.35 151.18 155.26 159.24 162.76 165.83 168.42 170.52 172.19 173.36 174.06 174.58

70.48 75.40 80.42 85.66 90.91 96.16 101.40 106.45 111.14 115.39 119.26 122.75 125.81 128.49 130.78 132.67 134.52 136.66 139.10 141.82 144.87 148.21 151.83 155.79 160.01 164.14 167.78 170.97 173.65 175.83 177.56 178.76 179.49 180.03

73.17 78.45 83.74 89.06 94.40 99.75 105.12 110.29 115.09 119.43 123.39 126.95 130.07 132.80 135.13 137.05 138.92 141.11 143.61 146.41 149.55 153.00 156.75 160.85 165.23 169.52 173.30 176.61 179.39 181.66 183.45 184.70 185.46 186.02

75.72 81.20 86.64 92.03 97.46 102.92 108.39 113.69 118.61 123.07 127.14 130.83 134.06 136.91 139.35 141.39 143.38 145.67 148.29 151.20 154.45 158.01 161.86 166.07 170.56 174.94 178.81 182.19 185.04 187.36 189.19 190.47 191.24 191.81

78.01 83.68 89.28 94.74 100.25 105.79 111.38 116.78 121.81 126.38 130.57 134.35 137.69 140.65 143.20 145.34 147.43 149.83 152.55 155.56 158.91 162.56 166.52 170.82 175.41 179.88 183.82 187.27 190.18 192.54 194.42 195.72 196.51 197.09

80.27 86.12 91.88 97.40 102.99 108.63 114.31 119.82 124.96 129.64 133.93 137.82 141.27 144.33 146.98 149.22 151.42 153.92 156.74 159.84 163.30 167.05 171.10 175.49 180.17 184.73 188.75 192.27 195.23 197.65 199.56 200.89 201.69 202.29

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

139

140

A R M S P A N FO R A GE Girls

Arm Span (cm)

195 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

175

+2SD +1SD

-1SD -2SD

155

135

115

35 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

ARM SPAN FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Arm Span (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

3.85 4.32 4.72 5.07 5.35 5.58 5.74 6.05 6.34 6.60 6.83 7.03 7.20 7.34 7.46 7.54 7.61 7.65 7.68 7.69 7.67 7.64 7.60 7.53 7.44 7.36 7.28 7.21 7.15 7.10 7.07 7.04 7.03 7.01

3.15 3.75 4.16 4.24 4.32 4.40 4.23 4.12 4.08 4.11 4.20 4.37 4.61 4.91 5.29 5.74 6.18 6.54 6.83 7.05 7.18 7.24 7.23 7.13 6.96 6.76 6.59 6.44 6.31 6.20 6.12 6.06 6.03 6.00

64.23 68.81 73.41 78.26 82.92 87.41 91.70 95.84 99.85 103.72 107.47 111.08 114.56 117.91 121.13 124.22 127.22 130.15 133.03 135.85 138.60 141.30 143.94 146.52 149.04 151.39 153.46 155.27 156.79 158.03 159.01 159.69 160.11 160.41

66.53 71.40 76.24 81.21 86.02 90.67 95.15 99.47 103.66 107.68 111.56 115.30 118.88 122.32 125.61 128.75 131.78 134.74 137.63 140.46 143.21 145.89 148.50 151.04 153.51 155.81 157.83 159.59 161.08 162.29 163.25 163.92 164.32 164.62

68.87 74.02 79.12 84.22 89.17 93.98 98.65 103.17 107.53 111.70 115.73 119.59 123.27 126.80 130.16 133.35 136.42 139.41 142.32 145.15 147.89 150.55 153.13 155.63 158.05 160.29 162.26 163.99 165.44 166.62 167.56 168.21 168.61 168.90

71.47 76.93 82.28 87.51 92.62 97.62 102.50 107.22 111.78 116.12 120.30 124.30 128.09 131.72 135.15 138.40 141.52 144.54 147.46 150.29 153.03 155.67 158.22 160.67 163.04 165.22 167.14 168.82 170.23 171.38 172.30 172.93 173.31 173.60

73.60 79.67 85.42 90.59 95.63 100.55 105.33 109.98 114.51 118.88 123.12 127.22 131.18 135.01 138.70 142.25 145.66 148.92 152.04 155.02 157.84 160.52 163.07 165.45 167.70 169.75 171.56 173.13 174.46 175.54 176.40 176.99 177.35 177.62

75.51 82.13 88.28 93.40 98.37 103.22 107.91 112.50 116.99 121.38 125.68 129.89 133.99 138.01 141.93 145.74 149.43 152.91 156.21 159.32 162.22 164.94 167.48 169.80 171.94 173.88 175.57 177.06 178.31 179.32 180.13 180.69 181.03 181.28

77.14 84.55 91.10 96.16 101.07 105.84 110.45 114.97 119.44 123.84 128.20 132.51 136.76 140.96 145.10 149.19 153.14 156.84 160.31 163.55 166.53 169.28 171.81 174.08 176.12 177.94 179.53 180.92 182.09 183.05 183.80 184.33 184.65 184.88

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

141

142

A R M S P A N FO R SUP I NE LENGT H I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Arm Span (cm)

85 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

20 30

Supine Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

ARM SPAN FOR SUPINE LENGTH Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Arm Span (cm) for Supine Length (cm) for Infants (boys) Supine Length 30 (cm) 32 (cm) 34 (cm) 36 (cm) 38 (cm) 40 (cm) 42 (cm) 44 (cm) 46 (cm) 48 (cm) 50 (cm) 52 (cm) 54 (cm) 56 (cm) 58 (cm) 60 (cm) 62 (cm) 64 (cm) 66 (cm) 68 (cm) 70 (cm) 72 (cm) 74 (cm) 76 (cm) 78 (cm) 80 (cm)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.75 1.75 1.73 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.62 1.58 1.56 1.57 1.60 1.66 1.74 1.84 1.92 1.99 2.03 2.06 2.06 2.05 2.04 2.02 2.41 2.78 2.91 3.30

1.91 1.90 1.87 1.82 1.74 1.65 1.54 1.42 1.34 1.28 1.26 1.26 1.30 1.37 1.44 1.50 1.57 1.63 1.69 1.74 1.79 2.83 3.19 3.68 4.32 4.71

26.86 28.68 30.52 32.40 34.30 36.24 38.20 40.16 42.04 43.82 45.52 47.13 48.65 50.11 51.65 53.28 55.03 56.87 58.67 60.87 63.28 65.01 66.30 67.62 68.09 67.90

27.91 29.73 31.56 33.43 35.32 37.23 39.17 41.11 42.97 44.77 46.48 48.13 49.69 51.21 52.80 54.47 56.25 58.10 59.90 62.10 64.50 66.22 67.74 69.29 69.83 69.88

28.98 30.79 32.62 34.48 36.35 38.24 40.16 42.07 43.93 45.72 47.46 49.14 50.75 52.33 53.97 55.68 57.48 59.35 61.15 63.35 65.74 67.45 69.20 70.97 71.60 71.88

30.15 31.96 33.79 35.63 37.48 39.35 41.24 43.13 44.97 46.78 48.53 50.25 51.92 53.56 55.26 57.02 58.85 60.74 62.54 64.73 67.12 68.81 70.83 72.85 73.56 74.11

31.43 33.23 35.04 36.84 38.65 40.46 42.27 44.08 45.87 47.63 49.37 51.09 52.79 54.48 56.22 58.03 59.91 61.84 63.68 65.90 68.33 70.72 72.98 75.33 76.48 77.29

32.60 34.39 36.17 37.95 39.71 41.47 43.21 44.95 46.68 48.41 50.14 51.87 53.59 55.31 57.10 58.94 60.86 62.83 64.71 66.96 69.41 72.44 74.92 77.57 79.10 80.15

33.74 35.53 37.30 39.04 40.76 42.46 44.14 45.81 47.49 49.18 50.90 52.62 54.37 56.14 57.96 59.84 61.80 63.81 65.72 68.00 70.49 74.13 76.83 79.77 81.69 82.97

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

143

144

A R M S P A N FO R SUP I NE LENGT H Infants (girls)

Arm Span (cm)

85 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

20 30

Supine Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

ARM SPAN FOR SUPINE LENGTH Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Arm Span (cm) for Supine Length (cm) for Infants (girls) Supine Length 30 (cm) 32 (cm) 34 (cm) 36 (cm) 38 (cm) 40 (cm) 42 (cm) 44 (cm) 46 (cm) 48 (cm) 50 (cm) 52 (cm) 54 (cm) 56 (cm) 58 (cm) 60 (cm) 62 (cm) 64 (cm) 66 (cm) 68 (cm) 70 (cm) 72 (cm) 74 (cm) 76 (cm) 78 (cm) 80 (cm)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.17 1.18 1.20 1.23 1.28 1.34 1.42 1.50 1.57 1.62 1.66 1.69 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.94 2.01 2.09 2.17 2.25 2.33 2.40 2.48 2.56 2.64 2.72

1.59 1.58 1.55 1.51 1.45 1.37 1.32 1.41 1.50 1.59 1.68 1.77 1.86 1.95 2.04 2.13 2.22 2.31 2.40 2.49 2.58 2.67 2.76 2.85 2.94 3.03

28.05 29.84 31.61 33.37 35.11 36.83 38.54 40.22 41.87 43.49 45.08 46.64 48.16 49.67 51.27 51.56 52.83 54.12 55.45 56.81 58.20 59.62 61.08 62.56 64.08 65.64

28.75 30.55 32.33 34.11 35.88 37.64 39.39 41.12 42.81 44.47 46.08 47.65 49.18 50.70 52.30 52.72 54.03 55.37 56.75 58.15 59.59 61.06 62.56 64.10 65.66 67.26

29.46 31.26 33.06 34.86 36.66 38.46 40.25 42.04 43.77 45.46 47.10 48.68 50.22 51.74 53.34 53.90 55.25 56.64 58.07 59.52 61.00 62.52 64.07 65.65 67.27 68.91

30.25 32.05 33.87 35.69 37.52 39.36 41.20 43.04 44.82 46.55 48.21 49.82 51.37 52.89 54.49 55.20 56.61 58.06 59.53 61.04 62.57 64.14 65.75 67.38 69.05 70.74

31.31 33.11 34.91 36.70 38.49 40.28 42.06 43.84 45.58 47.30 48.99 50.65 52.29 53.91 55.61 56.64 58.11 59.61 61.15 62.71 64.31 65.94 67.61 69.30 71.03 72.79

32.28 34.07 35.85 37.62 39.37 41.12 42.84 44.56 46.28 47.99 49.70 51.42 53.13 54.85 56.63 57.93 59.45 61.01 62.60 64.22 65.88 67.56 69.28 71.03 72.81 74.62

33.23 35.02 36.79 38.53 40.24 41.94 43.61 45.27 46.96 48.67 50.40 52.17 53.95 55.77 57.64 59.20 60.78 62.39 64.04 65.71 67.42 69.16 70.93 72.73 74.57 76.44

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

145

146

A R M S P A N FO R HEI GHT Boys

Arm Span (cm)

195

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

175

155

135

115

35 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

ARM SPAN FOR HEIGHT Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Arm Span (cm) for Height (cm) for Boys Height 65 (cm) 70 (cm) 75 (cm) 80 (cm) 85 (cm) 90 (cm) 95 (cm) 100 (cm) 105 (cm) 110 (cm) 115 (cm) 120 (cm) 125 (cm) 130 (cm) 135 (cm) 140 (cm) 145 (cm) 150 (cm) 155 (cm) 160 (cm) 165 (cm) 170 (cm) 175 (cm) 180 (cm) 185 (cm)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

2.06 2.04 2.65 3.30 3.49 3.74 4.04 4.31 4.44 4.45 4.32 4.07 3.69 3.30 3.02 2.86 2.81 2.88 3.06 3.28 3.46 3.60 3.70 3.76 3.81

1.65 1.79 3.45 4.71 5.12 4.93 4.71 4.47 4.23 4.01 3.79 3.59 3.39 3.22 3.12 3.08 3.10 3.17 3.31 3.46 3.59 3.69 3.76 3.80 3.84

57.53 63.28 66.34 67.90 68.28 73.72 79.61 85.73 91.83 97.92 103.99 110.04 116.08 122.08 128.02 133.91 139.75 145.53 151.25 156.75 161.86 166.59 170.92 174.85 178.68

58.76 64.50 67.92 69.88 70.37 75.96 82.03 88.31 94.50 100.59 106.58 112.48 118.29 124.06 129.84 135.63 141.44 147.26 153.09 158.72 163.94 168.75 173.14 177.11 180.97

60.01 65.74 69.53 71.88 72.50 78.24 84.50 90.94 97.21 103.30 109.22 114.97 120.54 126.07 131.68 137.38 143.15 149.02 154.96 160.72 166.05 170.94 175.39 179.40 183.29

61.40 67.12 71.32 74.11 76.14 80.75 87.20 93.82 100.18 106.28 112.12 117.69 123.01 128.28 133.71 139.29 145.04 150.95 157.01 162.92 168.37 173.35 177.87 181.92 185.84

62.48 68.30 73.59 77.40 78.27 84.05 90.36 96.81 103.02 108.97 114.66 120.10 125.28 130.44 135.80 141.36 147.11 153.07 159.23 165.24 170.77 175.83 180.39 184.47 188.41

63.52 69.41 75.74 80.10 81.40 87.06 93.23 99.54 105.60 111.41 116.97 122.28 127.35 132.41 137.70 143.23 149.00 155.01 161.25 167.35 172.97 178.08 182.68 186.79 190.76

64.50 70.49 77.81 83.00 84.47 90.03 96.06 102.22 108.14 113.82 119.25 124.43 129.38 134.35 139.58 145.08 150.86 156.91 163.24 169.43 175.12 180.29 184.94 189.07 193.06

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

147

148

A R M S P A N FO R HEI GHT Girls

Arm Span (cm)

195 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

175

+2SD +1SD

-1SD -2SD

155

135

115

35 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

ARM SPAN FOR HEIGHT Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Arm Span (cm) for Height (cm) for Girls Height

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

2.11 2.33 2.52 2.72 3.35 3.83 4.40 4.91 5.21 5.27 5.10 4.71 4.10 3.47 3.00 2.72 2.62 2.70 2.96 3.28 3.55 3.75 3.90 3.99 4.06

2.38 2.58 2.81 3.03 4.14 4.20 4.27 4.32 4.29 4.19 4.01 3.77 3.45 3.13 2.90 2.75 2.69 2.71 2.81 2.95 3.06 3.15 3.21 3.24 3.27

54.82 58.20 61.82 65.64 68.83 72.51 76.22 80.25 84.87 90.14 96.05 102.56 109.70 117.07 124.34 131.45 139.84 145.31 150.40 155.17 159.67 163.92 167.91 171.65 175.31

56.08 59.59 63.33 67.26 70.83 74.80 78.86 83.19 87.99 93.30 99.10 105.39 112.15 119.15 126.13 133.08 141.41 146.94 152.18 157.14 161.80 166.17 170.25 174.04 177.75

57.36 61.00 64.86 68.91 72.87 77.13 81.53 86.17 91.15 96.50 102.20 108.24 114.64 121.25 127.95 134.73 143.01 148.59 153.99 159.14 163.96 168.46 172.63 176.48 180.23

58.79 62.57 66.56 70.74 75.13 79.71 84.50 89.48 94.67 100.05 105.64 111.42 117.41 123.59 129.98 136.56 144.77 150.40 155.98 161.34 166.34 170.98 175.25 179.15 182.95

60.40 64.31 68.46 72.79 77.92 82.55 87.38 92.40 97.56 102.88 108.35 113.97 119.74 125.71 131.94 138.42 146.59 152.23 157.86 163.31 168.39 173.09 177.40 181.32 185.14

61.84 65.88 70.16 74.62 80.44 85.10 89.97 95.02 100.17 105.43 110.78 116.26 121.83 127.61 133.70 140.09 148.22 153.87 159.58 165.11 170.26 175.00 179.35 183.30 187.14

63.27 67.42 71.84 76.44 82.92 87.61 92.53 97.61 102.74 107.94 113.18 118.52 123.90 129.48 135.43 141.74 149.83 155.50 161.27 166.88 172.09 176.89 181.28 185.25 189.10

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

149

150

U P P E R A RM LENGT H FO R A GE Boys

Upper Arm Length (cm)

40 P97 +2SD P90 P75

+1SD

P50

P25 P10 P3

-1SD -2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

UPPER ARM LENGTH FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Upper Arm Length (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

1.68 1.68 1.67 1.65 1.63 1.61 1.57 1.54 1.49 1.44 1.39 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.28 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.29 1.31 1.34 1.37 1.41 1.46 1.51 1.56 1.63 1.70 1.76 1.82 1.88 1.92 1.95 1.98 2.00 2.01 2.02

1.29 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.27 1.26 1.24 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.20 1.23 1.26 1.30 1.35 1.39 1.44 1.48 1.52 1.56 1.59 1.63 1.67 1.70 1.73 1.75 1.77 1.79 1.80 1.81 1.82 1.82

5.36 7.05 8.65 10.14 11.51 12.80 13.97 15.03 16.00 16.86 17.65 18.41 19.13 19.82 20.47 21.09 21.68 22.24 22.76 23.28 23.81 24.36 24.93 25.52 26.13 26.75 27.40 28.06 28.69 29.25 29.73 30.14 30.48 30.74 30.92 31.03 31.12

6.37 8.06 9.65 11.13 12.49 13.76 14.91 15.95 16.90 17.72 18.48 19.22 19.92 20.59 21.24 21.85 22.44 23.00 23.54 24.06 24.61 25.19 25.78 26.40 27.03 27.69 28.37 29.07 29.75 30.34 30.86 31.29 31.65 31.93 32.13 32.24 32.33

7.39 9.08 10.66 12.14 13.49 14.74 15.87 16.89 17.81 18.60 19.33 20.04 20.72 21.38 22.02 22.63 23.22 23.78 24.32 24.86 25.43 26.02 26.64 27.28 27.95 28.65 29.37 30.11 30.82 31.45 32.00 32.46 32.84 33.14 33.35 33.47 33.57

8.52 10.21 11.78 13.25 14.58 15.82 16.93 17.92 18.80 19.57 20.27 20.95 21.61 22.25 22.87 23.48 24.06 24.63 25.18 25.74 26.33 26.94 27.59 28.26 28.96 29.69 30.46 31.25 32.01 32.67 33.26 33.75 34.15 34.47 34.69 34.82 34.92

9.38 11.07 12.64 14.10 15.43 16.66 17.76 18.74 19.62 20.37 21.05 21.73 22.38 23.03 23.66 24.28 24.89 25.48 26.06 26.65 27.26 27.91 28.58 29.28 30.01 30.76 31.55 32.36 33.14 33.83 34.43 34.94 35.35 35.67 35.90 36.04 36.14

10.17 11.85 13.42 14.88 16.21 17.42 18.52 19.49 20.35 21.09 21.77 22.43 23.09 23.74 24.38 25.01 25.63 26.25 26.85 27.47 28.11 28.78 29.48 30.20 30.96 31.74 32.55 33.38 34.18 34.88 35.50 36.02 36.44 36.77 37.01 37.15 37.25

10.94 12.62 14.19 15.64 16.97 18.18 19.27 20.23 21.08 21.81 22.47 23.13 23.79 24.44 25.09 25.73 26.37 27.00 27.64 28.28 28.95 29.64 30.37 31.12 31.89 32.69 33.52 34.38 35.20 35.92 36.55 37.08 37.51 37.85 38.09 38.24 38.34

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

151

152

U P P E R A RM LENGT H FO R A GE Girls

Upper Arm Length (cm)

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

UPPER ARM LENGTH FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Upper Arm Length (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.21 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.26 1.31 1.36 1.42 1.48 1.53 1.59 1.63 1.68 1.72 1.76 1.79 1.82 1.85 1.88 1.90 1.92 1.93 1.94 1.94 1.95

0.86 0.86 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.99 1.02 1.05 1.08 1.11 1.15 1.19 1.22 1.26 1.29 1.33 1.35 1.38 1.40 1.43 1.44 1.46 1.47 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.51 1.52 1.52 1.52

6.24 7.92 9.49 10.95 12.28 13.50 14.59 15.57 16.43 17.17 17.85 18.52 19.19 19.84 20.49 21.13 21.77 22.40 23.02 23.62 24.20 24.74 25.27 25.76 26.22 26.66 27.06 27.44 27.79 28.09 28.36 28.58 28.76 28.91 29.01 29.07 29.11

6.96 8.65 10.22 11.67 13.00 14.21 15.30 16.27 17.13 17.86 18.54 19.21 19.87 20.54 21.20 21.87 22.53 23.18 23.84 24.48 25.09 25.67 26.22 26.74 27.23 27.69 28.12 28.52 28.88 29.21 29.49 29.72 29.91 30.07 30.17 30.24 30.28

7.70 9.38 10.95 12.41 13.73 14.94 16.02 16.99 17.84 18.56 19.23 19.90 20.57 21.25 21.93 22.61 23.29 23.98 24.67 25.35 25.99 26.60 27.18 27.73 28.25 28.74 29.19 29.61 30.00 30.34 30.63 30.88 31.08 31.24 31.35 31.42 31.47

8.51 10.19 11.76 13.21 14.53 15.74 16.82 17.77 18.62 19.33 20.00 20.66 21.34 22.03 22.72 23.42 24.14 24.86 25.58 26.30 26.98 27.63 28.25 28.83 29.37 29.89 30.37 30.81 31.22 31.58 31.89 32.15 32.36 32.53 32.65 32.72 32.78

9.09 10.77 12.34 13.79 15.11 16.33 17.41 18.38 19.23 19.96 20.63 21.31 22.01 22.71 23.42 24.15 24.88 25.62 26.38 27.12 27.83 28.50 29.13 29.73 30.30 30.83 31.32 31.78 32.20 32.56 32.88 33.15 33.37 33.55 33.67 33.74 33.80

9.61 11.29 12.86 14.32 15.65 16.86 17.96 18.93 19.79 20.53 21.21 21.90 22.61 23.33 24.06 24.80 25.56 26.32 27.10 27.87 28.60 29.29 29.94 30.56 31.14 31.69 32.19 32.66 33.09 33.46 33.79 34.07 34.29 34.47 34.59 34.67 34.72

10.12 11.81 13.38 14.84 16.17 17.39 18.49 19.47 20.34 21.09 21.78 22.49 23.21 23.94 24.69 25.45 26.22 27.01 27.81 28.60 29.35 30.06 30.74 31.37 31.97 32.53 33.05 33.53 33.97 34.35 34.68 34.97 35.20 35.38 35.50 35.58 35.64

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

153

154

L OW E R A RM LENGT H FO R A GE Boys

Lower Arm Length (cm)

31 P97 +2SD

P90 P75

+1SD

P50 P25

P10 P3

-1SD -2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

LOWER ARM LENGTH FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Lower Arm Length (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age 0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.86 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.99 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.09 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.17 1.18 1.20 1.23 1.26 1.29 1.32 1.36 1.40 1.43 1.46 1.48 1.50 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.54

0.81 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.87 0.90 0.92 0.96 0.99 1.01 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.08 1.12 1.18 1.24 1.31 1.37 1.42 1.46 1.50 1.53 1.55 1.56 1.57

7.72 8.68 9.57 10.38 11.12 11.79 12.39 12.90 13.35 13.73 14.06 14.40 14.74 15.08 15.42 15.76 16.10 16.44 16.79 17.14 17.52 17.91 18.32 18.75 19.20 19.67 20.16 20.67 21.16 21.59 21.97 22.28 22.54 22.75 22.89 22.97 23.04

8.24 9.20 10.09 10.91 11.65 12.33 12.94 13.47 13.93 14.32 14.67 15.02 15.37 15.72 16.07 16.42 16.77 17.12 17.47 17.83 18.22 18.62 19.04 19.49 19.96 20.45 20.96 21.49 22.00 22.45 22.84 23.17 23.44 23.66 23.81 23.90 23.96

8.76 9.72 10.62 11.45 12.20 12.88 13.50 14.04 14.51 14.92 15.29 15.65 16.02 16.38 16.74 17.10 17.46 17.82 18.17 18.54 18.93 19.34 19.78 20.24 20.72 21.23 21.76 22.32 22.85 23.32 23.73 24.08 24.36 24.58 24.74 24.83 24.90

9.34 10.30 11.20 12.03 12.79 13.49 14.11 14.67 15.16 15.58 15.96 16.35 16.73 17.10 17.47 17.84 18.21 18.58 18.94 19.31 19.71 20.13 20.58 21.06 21.56 22.09 22.65 23.23 23.79 24.28 24.71 25.07 25.37 25.60 25.76 25.86 25.94

9.88 10.84 11.75 12.58 13.35 14.06 14.70 15.27 15.78 16.22 16.63 17.02 17.42 17.80 18.18 18.55 18.91 19.27 19.62 19.98 20.38 20.81 21.27 21.76 22.29 22.84 23.44 24.06 24.67 25.20 25.66 26.05 26.37 26.63 26.80 26.91 26.99

10.37 11.34 12.24 13.09 13.86 14.58 15.23 15.81 16.34 16.80 17.23 17.64 18.04 18.44 18.82 19.19 19.55 19.90 20.24 20.59 20.99 21.42 21.89 22.40 22.94 23.53 24.16 24.82 25.46 26.03 26.53 26.95 27.29 27.56 27.74 27.86 27.94

10.86 11.82 12.73 13.58 14.36 15.09 15.75 16.35 16.90 17.38 17.82 18.25 18.66 19.06 19.45 19.82 20.18 20.52 20.85 21.19 21.58 22.02 22.50 23.02 23.59 24.20 24.87 25.57 26.25 26.85 27.38 27.82 28.19 28.47 28.67 28.79 28.88

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

155

156

L OW E R A RM LENGT H FO R A GE Girls

Lower Arm Length (cm)

27 P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

P25

P10 P3

-1SD -2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

LOWER ARM LENGTH FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Lower Arm Length (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.76 0.76 0.77 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.87 0.89 0.92 0.95 0.97 0.99 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.09 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.27 1.32 1.37 1.41 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56

0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.90 0.94 0.99 1.04 1.11 1.18 1.24 1.30 1.33 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.33 1.29 1.24 1.18 1.13 1.09 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96

7.82 8.78 9.65 10.45 11.17 11.80 12.35 12.82 13.22 13.53 13.81 14.12 14.45 14.81 15.19 15.60 16.04 16.50 16.99 17.47 17.92 18.34 18.74 19.10 19.43 19.73 19.99 20.23 20.44 20.62 20.78 20.92 21.03 21.12 21.18 21.21 21.24

8.28 9.23 10.12 10.92 11.64 12.28 12.85 13.33 13.74 14.06 14.36 14.69 15.03 15.40 15.80 16.22 16.66 17.13 17.62 18.10 18.57 19.00 19.41 19.78 20.13 20.46 20.75 21.02 21.26 21.47 21.65 21.81 21.93 22.03 22.10 22.15 22.18

8.74 9.70 10.58 11.39 12.12 12.77 13.35 13.84 14.27 14.61 14.93 15.26 15.62 16.01 16.41 16.84 17.29 17.76 18.26 18.75 19.22 19.67 20.09 20.48 20.86 21.20 21.53 21.82 22.09 22.33 22.54 22.71 22.85 22.97 23.05 23.09 23.13

9.25 10.21 11.10 11.91 12.65 13.31 13.90 14.41 14.85 15.21 15.54 15.90 16.27 16.67 17.08 17.52 17.98 18.46 18.96 19.46 19.94 20.40 20.84 21.25 21.65 22.02 22.37 22.71 23.01 23.28 23.51 23.71 23.87 23.99 24.08 24.13 24.17

9.80 10.75 11.64 12.46 13.19 13.86 14.44 14.95 15.39 15.76 16.10 16.46 16.85 17.27 17.71 18.18 18.68 19.20 19.75 20.29 20.81 21.29 21.75 22.17 22.56 22.91 23.24 23.54 23.80 24.03 24.24 24.41 24.55 24.66 24.73 24.78 24.81

10.29 11.25 12.14 12.95 13.69 14.35 14.94 15.45 15.90 16.26 16.61 16.98 17.38 17.82 18.29 18.79 19.32 19.88 20.47 21.05 21.60 22.11 22.57 23.00 23.38 23.73 24.03 24.29 24.52 24.72 24.90 25.05 25.17 25.26 25.33 25.37 25.40

10.78 11.73 12.62 13.44 14.17 14.84 15.43 15.94 16.39 16.76 17.10 17.49 17.91 18.36 18.85 19.38 19.94 20.54 21.17 21.80 22.38 22.91 23.39 23.82 24.20 24.53 24.80 25.04 25.23 25.40 25.55 25.68 25.78 25.86 25.91 25.95 25.97

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

157

158

H A N D LENGT H FO R A GE Boys

Hand Length (cm)

P97 +2SD P90 P75

+1SD

P50 P25 -1SD

P10 P3

-2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HAND LENGTH FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Hand Length (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.97 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.21 1.23 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.28

0.74 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.72 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.85 0.85

6.76 6.94 7.17 7.47 7.82 8.22 8.69 9.21 9.79 10.42 11.05 11.62 12.13 12.57 12.95 13.27 13.52 13.71 13.84 13.96 14.11 14.29 14.51 14.77 15.07 15.40 15.77 16.17 16.57 16.92 17.23 17.49 17.70 17.86 17.98 18.05 18.10

7.21 7.39 7.63 7.92 8.27 8.68 9.15 9.67 10.25 10.89 11.52 12.10 12.61 13.06 13.45 13.77 14.03 14.23 14.37 14.50 14.66 14.86 15.09 15.37 15.68 16.03 16.42 16.85 17.26 17.63 17.95 18.22 18.44 18.62 18.74 18.82 18.87

7.67 7.85 8.09 8.38 8.73 9.14 9.61 10.14 10.72 11.36 12.00 12.58 13.09 13.55 13.95 14.28 14.55 14.76 14.91 15.04 15.22 15.43 15.69 15.98 16.31 16.67 17.08 17.53 17.97 18.35 18.69 18.97 19.21 19.39 19.52 19.59 19.65

8.17 8.35 8.59 8.88 9.24 9.65 10.12 10.65 11.24 11.88 12.52 13.11 13.63 14.09 14.50 14.83 15.12 15.34 15.50 15.65 15.84 16.07 16.33 16.64 16.99 17.38 17.81 18.28 18.74 19.14 19.50 19.80 20.04 20.23 20.37 20.45 20.51

8.67 8.85 9.09 9.38 9.73 10.14 10.60 11.13 11.70 12.34 12.97 13.56 14.08 14.55 14.96 15.31 15.61 15.86 16.05 16.22 16.43 16.68 16.96 17.28 17.63 18.02 18.45 18.90 19.35 19.75 20.09 20.38 20.62 20.81 20.94 21.02 21.08

9.12 9.30 9.54 9.82 10.17 10.58 11.04 11.55 12.13 12.75 13.38 13.96 14.49 14.96 15.38 15.75 16.07 16.33 16.54 16.75 16.98 17.24 17.53 17.86 18.22 18.60 19.02 19.47 19.91 20.29 20.63 20.92 21.15 21.33 21.46 21.54 21.59

9.56 9.74 9.98 10.26 10.61 11.01 11.47 11.98 12.54 13.16 13.78 14.36 14.89 15.37 15.80 16.18 16.51 16.80 17.04 17.26 17.51 17.79 18.10 18.43 18.79 19.18 19.59 20.03 20.46 20.83 21.16 21.44 21.67 21.85 21.97 22.05 22.10

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

159

160

H A N D LENGT H FO R A GE Girls

Hand Length (cm)

21 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

HAND LENGTH FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Hand Length (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.83 0.87 0.90 0.94 0.99 1.03 1.06 1.08 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.03 0.98 0.93 0.87 0.82 0.77 0.73 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.64

0.69 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.67 0.72 0.77 0.84 0.90 0.95 0.97 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.92 0.86 0.79 0.71 0.64 0.58 0.53 0.49 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.41

5.00 5.96 6.84 7.64 8.35 8.99 9.55 10.02 10.42 10.74 11.02 11.30 11.59 11.88 12.18 12.48 12.79 13.10 13.42 13.74 14.06 14.37 14.67 14.97 15.27 15.56 15.84 16.12 16.40 16.65 16.89 17.12 17.34 17.54 17.72 17.89 18.06

5.44 6.40 7.28 8.08 8.80 9.44 10.00 10.47 10.87 11.19 11.47 11.76 12.06 12.37 12.68 13.00 13.33 13.67 14.02 14.36 14.70 15.02 15.32 15.62 15.90 16.18 16.43 16.68 16.92 17.14 17.36 17.56 17.76 17.94 18.12 18.28 18.44

5.89 6.85 7.73 8.53 9.25 9.89 10.45 10.93 11.33 11.65 11.94 12.23 12.54 12.86 13.19 13.53 13.88 14.25 14.62 14.99 15.34 15.68 15.99 16.28 16.55 16.80 17.03 17.25 17.45 17.64 17.83 18.01 18.18 18.35 18.52 18.68 18.83

6.39 7.34 8.22 9.03 9.74 10.39 10.95 11.43 11.83 12.15 12.44 12.75 13.07 13.40 13.75 14.11 14.49 14.88 15.29 15.69 16.06 16.40 16.72 17.00 17.26 17.49 17.69 17.87 18.03 18.19 18.34 18.50 18.65 18.81 18.96 19.11 19.26

6.85 7.80 8.68 9.48 10.19 10.83 11.38 11.85 12.25 12.56 12.84 13.14 13.46 13.81 14.17 14.56 14.97 15.40 15.85 16.29 16.69 17.05 17.38 17.66 17.90 18.11 18.27 18.40 18.50 18.62 18.73 18.85 18.98 19.11 19.25 19.39 19.54

7.27 8.22 9.10 9.90 10.60 11.23 11.78 12.24 12.63 12.93 13.20 13.49 13.82 14.18 14.56 14.97 15.40 15.87 16.36 16.84 17.27 17.65 17.98 18.26 18.49 18.67 18.80 18.88 18.94 19.01 19.09 19.18 19.28 19.39 19.52 19.65 19.79

7.68 8.64 9.51 10.31 11.01 11.63 12.17 12.62 13.00 13.29 13.55 13.85 14.18 14.54 14.94 15.37 15.83 16.33 16.86 17.38 17.84 18.23 18.57 18.85 19.06 19.22 19.31 19.35 19.36 19.39 19.44 19.50 19.58 19.67 19.78 19.90 20.04

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

161

162

U P P E R A RM LENGT H FO R LO W ER A R M L E N G T H Boys

Upper Arm Length (cm)

38 P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

10 12

Lower Arm Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

UP P E R A R M L E N G T H F O R L O W E R A R M L E N G T H Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Upper Arm Length (cm) for Lower Arm Length (cm) for Boys Lower Arm Length

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

12.0 (cm) 12.5 (cm) 13.0 (cm) 13.5 (cm) 14.0 (cm) 14.5 (cm) 15.0 (cm) 15.5 (cm) 16.0 (cm) 16.5 (cm) 17.0 (cm) 17.5 (cm) 18.0 (cm) 18.5 (cm) 19.0 (cm) 19.5 (cm) 20.0 (cm) 20.5 (cm) 21.0 (cm) 21.5 (cm) 22.0 (cm) 22.5 (cm) 23.0 (cm) 23.5 (cm) 24.0 (cm) 24.5 (cm) 25.0 (cm) 25.5 (cm) 26.0 (cm)

1.32 1.32 1.33 1.36 1.39 1.43 1.48 1.54 1.59 1.62 1.62 1.60 1.56 1.49 1.40 1.30 1.23 1.18 1.16 1.16 1.17 1.22 1.27 1.31 1.34 1.37 1.39 1.40 1.41

1.57 1.56 1.56 1.55 1.53 1.51 1.49 1.47 1.44 1.40 1.37 1.33 1.28 1.24 1.19 1.14 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.18 1.18

11.42 12.17 12.92 13.67 14.42 15.17 15.92 16.68 17.44 18.24 19.07 19.93 20.82 21.74 22.69 23.64 24.53 25.38 26.17 26.92 27.62 28.26 28.87 29.43 29.97 30.47 30.93 31.36 31.76

12.21 12.97 13.72 14.49 15.26 16.03 16.81 17.60 18.40 19.21 20.04 20.89 21.75 22.63 23.53 24.42 25.27 26.09 26.87 27.61 28.32 28.99 29.63 30.22 30.78 31.29 31.76 32.20 32.61

13.01 13.77 14.54 15.32 16.10 16.90 17.72 18.54 19.37 20.20 21.03 21.87 22.70 23.54 24.38 25.21 26.02 26.81 27.57 28.32 29.04 29.73 30.40 31.02 31.60 32.13 32.61 33.06 33.47

13.90 14.66 15.43 16.22 17.03 17.86 18.71 19.57 20.43 21.28 22.12 22.94 23.74 24.54 25.32 26.09 26.85 27.60 28.35 29.09 29.82 30.55 31.25 31.90 32.50 33.05 33.54 34.00 34.41

14.95 15.70 16.48 17.26 18.06 18.88 19.71 20.55 21.39 22.22 23.03 23.83 24.61 25.37 26.11 26.85 27.59 28.33 29.07 29.81 30.55 31.29 32.00 32.66 33.27 33.83 34.33 34.79 35.21

15.90 16.66 17.43 18.21 19.00 19.80 20.62 21.44 22.27 23.08 23.86 24.64 25.39 26.12 26.84 27.55 28.27 28.99 29.72 30.46 31.21 31.96 32.68 33.36 33.98 34.54 35.05 35.51 35.93

16.84 17.60 18.36 19.13 19.92 20.71 21.51 22.32 23.13 23.92 24.68 25.43 26.16 26.87 27.55 28.24 28.93 29.64 30.37 31.10 31.85 32.62 33.36 34.04 34.67 35.24 35.76 36.22 36.64

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

163

164

U P P E R A RM LENGT H FO R LO W ER A R M L E N G T H Girls

Upper Arm Length (cm)

38 P97 +2SD P90

P75

+1SD

P50

P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

10 12

Lower Arm Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

UP P E R A R M L E N G T H F O R L O W E R A R M L E N G T H Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Upper Arm Length (cm) for Lower Arm Length (cm) for Girls Lower Arm Length

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.30 1.31 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.35 1.36 1.39 1.40 1.40 1.38 1.35 1.31 1.24 1.17 1.09 1.04 1.01 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.11 1.18 1.23 1.28 1.31 1.34 1.35 1.36

1.49 1.48 1.47 1.45 1.43 1.39 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.10 1.07 1.05 1.03 1.03 1.04 1.06 1.09 1.14 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.34 1.37 1.40 1.41 1.42

11.74 12.50 13.27 14.05 14.86 15.67 16.50 17.35 18.21 19.07 19.95 20.83 21.72 22.62 23.53 24.42 25.24 26.01 26.71 27.36 27.95 28.48 28.98 29.45 29.91 30.35 30.77 31.17 31.56

12.52 13.28 14.06 14.85 15.65 16.48 17.32 18.18 19.05 19.91 20.78 21.64 22.51 23.37 24.23 25.07 25.87 26.61 27.31 27.97 28.59 29.15 29.68 30.19 30.67 31.13 31.57 31.98 32.37

13.32 14.08 14.86 15.65 16.47 17.30 18.15 19.03 19.90 20.77 21.62 22.47 23.30 24.13 24.94 25.74 26.50 27.23 27.93 28.59 29.23 29.83 30.40 30.94 31.45 31.93 32.38 32.80 33.20

14.19 14.95 15.73 16.54 17.36 18.20 19.07 19.95 20.84 21.70 22.55 23.37 24.18 24.96 25.72 26.47 27.19 27.90 28.60 29.27 29.93 30.57 31.19 31.77 32.31 32.81 33.28 33.71 34.12

15.19 15.94 16.72 17.51 18.31 19.14 19.97 20.83 21.68 22.51 23.33 24.13 24.91 25.68 26.42 27.16 27.88 28.60 29.31 30.00 30.69 31.37 32.03 32.64 33.21 33.73 34.21 34.65 35.07

16.09 16.85 17.61 18.39 19.18 19.98 20.80 21.62 22.44 23.25 24.04 24.82 25.58 26.33 27.06 27.79 28.51 29.23 29.95 30.67 31.39 32.10 32.79 33.43 34.03 34.57 35.07 35.51 35.93

16.98 17.74 18.50 19.26 20.04 20.82 21.61 22.40 23.19 23.97 24.74 25.50 26.24 26.97 27.69 28.41 29.13 29.86 30.59 31.33 32.07 32.82 33.54 34.21 34.83 35.40 35.90 36.36 36.78

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166

T I B I A L ENGT H FO R A GE Boys

Tibia Length (cm)

P97 +2SD

P90 P75

+1SD

P50 P25 -1SD P10 P3 -2SD

0 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

TIBIA LENGTH FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Tibia Length (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.35 1.35 1.36 1.36 1.37 1.37 1.38 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.45 1.48 1.52 1.57 1.64 1.71 1.79 1.89 1.99 2.09 2.18 2.24 2.30 2.33 2.35 2.36 2.34 2.31 2.28 2.25 2.22 2.19 2.18 2.16 2.15 2.14 2.14

0.89 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.96 0.99 1.04 1.10 1.16 1.23 1.30 1.36 1.41 1.46 1.49 1.52 1.54 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.57 1.60 1.64 1.70 1.77 1.85 1.95 2.05 2.16 2.26 2.34 2.41 2.47 2.52 2.55 2.57 2.58

8.05 9.74 11.36 12.88 14.29 15.63 16.87 18.01 19.06 20.02 20.91 21.77 22.58 23.36 24.10 24.80 25.46 26.08 26.67 27.25 27.88 28.53 29.23 29.96 30.73 31.54 32.38 33.26 34.11 34.85 35.50 36.05 36.50 36.85 37.10 37.25 37.36

8.86 10.56 12.17 13.69 15.11 16.45 17.70 18.84 19.91 20.87 21.78 22.65 23.49 24.30 25.08 25.82 26.53 27.21 27.86 28.51 29.18 29.88 30.61 31.36 32.14 32.95 33.79 34.65 35.47 36.20 36.83 37.37 37.80 38.15 38.39 38.53 38.64

9.68 11.38 13.00 14.52 15.95 17.29 18.54 19.70 20.77 21.74 22.66 23.55 24.42 25.26 26.08 26.86 27.63 28.36 29.08 29.78 30.51 31.25 32.01 32.78 33.58 34.39 35.21 36.06 36.86 37.57 38.19 38.71 39.13 39.47 39.70 39.84 39.95

10.59 12.29 13.90 15.43 16.86 18.21 19.47 20.63 21.71 22.70 23.63 24.54 25.44 26.31 27.17 28.01 28.83 29.63 30.41 31.19 31.97 32.75 33.55 34.35 35.15 35.96 36.78 37.61 38.39 39.07 39.67 40.18 40.59 40.91 41.14 41.28 41.38

11.18 12.89 14.51 16.05 17.50 18.88 20.16 21.36 22.49 23.52 24.50 25.46 26.39 27.29 28.17 29.03 29.86 30.67 31.45 32.23 33.02 33.83 34.65 35.48 36.34 37.20 38.09 38.98 39.84 40.59 41.24 41.79 42.24 42.60 42.85 43.00 43.11

11.73 13.43 15.06 16.62 18.09 19.48 20.80 22.03 23.19 24.27 25.29 26.29 27.25 28.18 29.08 29.96 30.80 31.61 32.39 33.17 33.98 34.80 35.65 36.52 37.41 38.33 39.27 40.24 41.15 41.96 42.67 43.27 43.75 44.14 44.40 44.57 44.69

12.26 13.97 15.61 17.18 18.66 20.08 21.42 22.69 23.89 25.01 26.07 27.10 28.10 29.06 29.98 30.87 31.72 32.54 33.32 34.10 34.92 35.76 36.63 37.54 38.47 39.44 40.44 41.47 42.45 43.32 44.08 44.72 45.24 45.65 45.93 46.11 46.23

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168

T I B I A L ENGT H FO R A GE Girls

Tibia Length (cm)

45 P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

0 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

TIBIA LENGTH FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Tibia Length (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.11 1.11 1.13 1.15 1.18 1.23 1.28 1.34 1.41 1.49 1.57 1.64 1.71 1.76 1.80 1.84 1.86 1.88 1.89 1.89 1.90 1.92 1.94 1.97 2.00 2.05 2.09 2.15 2.20 2.24 2.29 2.32 2.35 2.37 2.39 2.39 2.40

1.27 1.27 1.26 1.26 1.25 1.24 1.22 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.18 1.22 1.27 1.34 1.43 1.53 1.65 1.77 1.87 1.95 2.01 2.05 2.07 2.08 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.86 1.84 1.83 1.82 1.81

8.64 10.33 11.92 13.40 14.76 16.02 17.16 18.19 19.12 19.94 20.71 21.50 22.31 23.14 23.98 24.84 25.73 26.63 27.54 28.44 29.25 30.00 30.67 31.26 31.78 32.23 32.60 32.90 33.15 33.37 33.56 33.72 33.85 33.95 34.02 34.06 34.09

9.31 11.00 12.60 14.09 15.47 16.75 17.93 19.00 19.97 20.84 21.66 22.49 23.33 24.19 25.06 25.95 26.84 27.75 28.68 29.57 30.39 31.15 31.83 32.44 32.98 33.46 33.86 34.19 34.47 34.71 34.93 35.11 35.25 35.37 35.45 35.50 35.54

9.99 11.68 13.28 14.79 16.19 17.50 18.71 19.82 20.83 21.75 22.62 23.49 24.38 25.27 26.16 27.07 27.98 28.90 29.83 30.72 31.55 32.32 33.02 33.64 34.21 34.71 35.13 35.50 35.81 36.08 36.32 36.52 36.69 36.82 36.91 36.96 37.00

10.73 12.43 14.04 15.56 16.98 18.32 19.57 20.72 21.78 22.75 23.67 24.59 25.52 26.44 27.37 28.30 29.23 30.16 31.09 31.99 32.83 33.60 34.32 34.96 35.55 36.08 36.54 36.93 37.28 37.59 37.85 38.08 38.26 38.40 38.50 38.56 38.61

11.58 13.27 14.88 16.40 17.82 19.15 20.39 21.53 22.58 23.53 24.45 25.37 26.31 27.26 28.22 29.20 30.19 31.19 32.20 33.18 34.08 34.91 35.67 36.34 36.94 37.47 37.92 38.29 38.61 38.89 39.13 39.34 39.50 39.64 39.73 39.78 39.82

12.35 14.05 15.65 17.17 18.58 19.91 21.13 22.26 23.30 24.25 25.15 26.08 27.03 28.00 29.00 30.02 31.06 32.12 33.21 34.26 35.22 36.10 36.89 37.59 38.21 38.74 39.17 39.53 39.82 40.07 40.30 40.48 40.64 40.76 40.84 40.89 40.93

13.11 14.81 16.41 17.92 19.33 20.65 21.87 22.99 24.02 24.95 25.85 26.78 27.74 28.74 29.76 30.82 31.92 33.04 34.20 35.32 36.35 37.27 38.10 38.82 39.45 39.98 40.41 40.74 41.01 41.24 41.44 41.61 41.75 41.86 41.94 41.99 42.02

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170

T I B I A L ENGT H FO R HEI GHT Boys

Tibia Length (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

0 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

TIBIA LENGTH FOR HEIGHT Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Tibia Length (cm) for Height (cm) for Boys Height

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.25 1.25 1.22 1.18 1.12 1.05 0.96 0.87 0.80 0.75 0.72 0.71 0.71 0.73 0.76 0.80 0.86 0.92 1.00 1.07 1.13 1.18 1.22 1.24 1.25

1.16 1.15 1.13 1.08 1.03 0.95 0.86 0.78 0.72 0.68 0.67 0.68 0.72 0.77 0.82 0.88 0.93 0.99 1.05 1.11 1.15 1.19 1.21 1.23 1.24

7.04 8.76 10.43 12.04 13.61 15.11 16.57 18.01 19.49 20.99 22.53 24.10 25.70 27.26 28.69 30.02 31.22 32.30 33.27 34.25 35.36 36.62 38.02 39.56 41.13

7.79 9.51 11.16 12.75 14.28 15.74 17.15 18.54 19.97 21.44 22.96 24.52 26.13 27.69 29.15 30.50 31.73 32.85 33.87 34.89 36.04 37.33 38.75 40.30 41.88

8.55 10.27 11.91 13.47 14.97 16.38 17.73 19.07 20.46 21.90 23.40 24.96 26.56 28.14 29.62 30.99 32.25 33.42 34.47 35.54 36.73 38.05 39.49 41.05 42.65

9.39 11.10 12.73 14.26 15.72 17.09 18.38 19.66 21.00 22.41 23.89 25.43 27.04 28.63 30.13 31.53 32.83 34.03 35.14 36.26 37.49 38.84 40.30 41.88 43.49

10.17 11.87 13.48 14.99 16.41 17.73 18.96 20.18 21.48 22.87 24.33 25.89 27.52 29.14 30.68 32.11 33.45 34.70 35.85 37.00 38.27 39.64 41.12 42.70 44.32

10.88 12.57 14.17 15.65 17.03 18.31 19.48 20.65 21.92 23.28 24.74 26.30 27.96 29.61 31.18 32.65 34.02 35.30 36.49 37.68 38.97 40.36 41.86 43.45 45.08

11.57 13.27 14.84 16.30 17.65 18.88 20.00 21.12 22.35 23.69 25.14 26.71 28.39 30.08 31.67 33.17 34.58 35.90 37.12 38.34 39.66 41.07 42.58 44.19 45.82

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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172

T I B I A L ENGT H FO R HEI GHT Girls

Tibia Length (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

0 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

TIBIA LENGTH FOR HEIGHT Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Tibia Length (cm) for Height (cm) for Girls Height

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.04 1.04 1.02 0.99 0.94 0.88 0.81 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.65 0.66 0.69 0.73 0.78 0.83 0.90 0.97 1.05 1.13 1.19 1.24 1.28 1.30 1.31

1.15 1.14 1.12 1.09 1.04 0.98 0.91 0.84 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.73 0.76 0.81 0.86 0.93 0.99 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.14 1.15

7.53 9.25 10.92 12.53 14.09 15.60 17.05 18.49 19.94 21.41 22.89 24.40 25.92 27.39 28.76 30.01 31.14 32.16 33.07 34.01 35.08 36.31 37.68 39.21 40.78

8.15 9.87 11.53 13.12 14.66 16.13 17.54 18.93 20.35 21.81 23.29 24.80 26.33 27.83 29.22 30.50 31.68 32.75 33.70 34.68 35.80 37.05 38.45 39.99 41.56

8.79 10.51 12.15 13.73 15.23 16.67 18.03 19.39 20.78 22.21 23.69 25.20 26.75 28.27 29.69 31.01 32.23 33.34 34.34 35.37 36.52 37.81 39.23 40.78 42.37

9.49 11.20 12.83 14.39 15.86 17.26 18.58 19.89 21.24 22.66 24.12 25.64 27.21 28.76 30.21 31.57 32.83 33.99 35.05 36.13 37.32 38.64 40.08 41.65 43.25

10.26 11.96 13.58 15.11 16.56 17.92 19.19 20.45 21.77 23.15 24.60 26.11 27.68 29.24 30.70 32.08 33.37 34.56 35.67 36.79 38.02 39.37 40.83 42.41 44.02

10.96 12.66 14.27 15.78 17.19 18.51 19.74 20.96 22.24 23.60 25.03 26.53 28.10 29.67 31.15 32.55 33.86 35.09 36.24 37.40 38.66 40.04 41.52 43.10 44.72

11.65 13.34 14.94 16.43 17.82 19.10 20.29 21.46 22.71 24.04 25.46 26.95 28.52 30.09 31.59 33.01 34.35 35.61 36.80 37.99 39.29 40.69 42.19 43.79 45.41

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174

F OOT LENGT H FO R A GE I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Foot Length (cm)

17 16 15 14 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

13 12 11

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

Term 1 0 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

FOOT LENGTH FOR AGE Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Foot Length (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (boys) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 0.61 26 (w) 0.61 27 (w) 0.61 28 (w) 0.61 29 (w) 0.60 30 (w) 0.60 31 (w) 0.59 32 (w) 0.58 33 (w) 0.57 34 (w) 0.56 35 (w) 0.55 36 (w) 0.54 37 (w) 0.53 38 (w) 0.51 39 (w) 0.50

0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50

3.93 4.09 4.24 4.40 4.56 4.73 4.90 5.08 5.26 5.44 5.63 5.82 6.01 6.21 6.41

4.30 4.45 4.61 4.77 4.93 5.09 5.26 5.43 5.60 5.78 5.96 6.14 6.33 6.52 6.71

4.67 4.83 4.98 5.14 5.29 5.46 5.62 5.78 5.95 6.12 6.30 6.47 6.65 6.83 7.02

5.08 5.24 5.39 5.54 5.70 5.86 6.02 6.18 6.34 6.50 6.67 6.84 7.01 7.18 7.35

5.32 5.48 5.63 5.79 5.94 6.11 6.27 6.44 6.61 6.78 6.96 7.13 7.31 7.50 7.68

5.54 5.69 5.85 6.01 6.17 6.34 6.51 6.68 6.85 7.03 7.22 7.40 7.60 7.79 7.99

5.76 5.91 6.06 6.23 6.39 6.56 6.74 6.91 7.10 7.28 7.48 7.67 7.87 8.08 8.29

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

0.52 0.54 0.57 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.62 0.61 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.61

6.62 6.83 7.04 7.24 7.43 7.60 7.76 7.90 8.03 8.14 8.24 8.32 8.38 8.43 8.47 8.49 8.49 8.48 8.36 8.42 8.69 9.16 9.72 10.23 10.53 10.83

6.91 7.11 7.31 7.50 7.68 7.84 8.00 8.14 8.26 8.37 8.47 8.56 8.63 8.69 8.73 8.77 8.78 8.79 8.75 8.86 9.13 9.58 10.10 10.57 10.90 11.21

7.20 7.39 7.58 7.76 7.93 8.09 8.24 8.37 8.50 8.61 8.71 8.81 8.88 8.95 9.01 9.05 9.08 9.10 9.15 9.30 9.58 10.00 10.47 10.91 11.27 11.60

7.52 7.70 7.87 8.05 8.21 8.36 8.50 8.64 8.76 8.87 8.98 9.07 9.16 9.24 9.30 9.36 9.41 9.45 9.58 9.78 10.08 10.46 10.89 11.30 11.68 12.04

7.87 8.06 8.25 8.44 8.62 8.78 8.93 9.08 9.21 9.33 9.44 9.54 9.63 9.70 9.77 9.83 9.87 9.91 10.01 10.19 10.46 10.83 11.26 11.66 12.06 12.43

8.19 8.39 8.60 8.80 8.99 9.16 9.32 9.48 9.62 9.74 9.86 9.96 10.05 10.13 10.20 10.25 10.29 10.32 10.40 10.55 10.81 11.17 11.59 11.99 12.41 12.79

8.50 8.72 8.94 9.15 9.35 9.54 9.71 9.87 10.02 10.15 10.27 10.38 10.47 10.55 10.62 10.67 10.71 10.73 10.78 10.91 11.16 11.51 11.92 12.31 12.75 13.14

0.48 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.49 0.53 0.57 0.61 0.64 0.67 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.79

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176

F OOT LENGT H FO R A GE Infants (girls)

Foot Length (cm)

17 16 15 14 P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

13 12

P25

P10 P3

-1SD -2SD

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

Term 1 0 25

Gestational Age (w)

50 52

Postnatal Age (w)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

FOOT LENGTH FOR AGE Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Foot Length (cm) for Age (weeks and months) for Infants (girls) Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

Gestational age 25 (w) 0.56 26 (w) 0.56 27 (w) 0.55 28 (w) 0.55 29 (w) 0.55 30 (w) 0.55 31 (w) 0.55 32 (w) 0.54 33 (w) 0.54 34 (w) 0.53 35 (w) 0.53 36 (w) 0.52 37 (w) 0.51 38 (w) 0.51 39 (w) 0.50

0.44 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.48

3.86 4.01 4.17 4.33 4.49 4.65 4.82 4.99 5.17 5.34 5.52 5.71 5.90 6.09 6.28

4.19 4.35 4.50 4.66 4.82 4.98 5.15 5.32 5.49 5.66 5.84 6.02 6.20 6.39 6.58

4.53 4.69 4.84 5.00 5.15 5.32 5.48 5.65 5.82 5.99 6.16 6.34 6.52 6.70 6.88

4.91 5.06 5.21 5.37 5.52 5.68 5.85 6.01 6.18 6.34 6.51 6.69 6.86 7.04 7.22

5.20 5.36 5.51 5.67 5.82 5.98 6.15 6.31 6.48 6.65 6.82 7.00 7.18 7.36 7.54

5.48 5.63 5.78 5.94 6.10 6.26 6.42 6.59 6.76 6.93 7.11 7.28 7.46 7.65 7.83

5.74 5.89 6.05 6.21 6.37 6.53 6.69 6.86 7.03 7.21 7.38 7.56 7.75 7.93 8.12

Postnatal age 0 (w) 1 (w) 2 (w) 3 (w) 4 (w) 5 (w) 6 (w) 7 (w) 8 (w) 9 (w) 10 (w) 11 (w) 12 (w) 13 (w) 14 (w) 15 (w) 16 (w) 17 (w) 5 (m) 6 (m) 7 (m) 8 (m) 9 (m) 10 (m) 11 (m) 12 (m)

0.48 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.66 0.68

6.48 6.68 6.88 7.08 7.26 7.42 7.58 7.72 7.85 7.97 8.07 8.16 8.24 8.30 8.35 8.39 8.41 8.42 8.40 8.48 8.67 8.98 9.35 9.72 10.07 10.43

6.77 6.97 7.16 7.35 7.53 7.69 7.85 7.99 8.12 8.24 8.34 8.44 8.51 8.58 8.64 8.69 8.72 8.74 8.76 8.88 9.10 9.43 9.81 10.19 10.56 10.91

7.07 7.26 7.45 7.64 7.81 7.97 8.12 8.26 8.39 8.51 8.62 8.71 8.80 8.87 8.93 8.99 9.03 9.06 9.13 9.29 9.54 9.89 10.29 10.67 11.04 11.40

7.40 7.58 7.77 7.95 8.11 8.27 8.42 8.56 8.69 8.81 8.92 9.02 9.11 9.19 9.26 9.32 9.37 9.41 9.54 9.74 10.02 10.39 10.81 11.21 11.58 11.94

7.72 7.91 8.10 8.28 8.45 8.62 8.77 8.91 9.05 9.17 9.28 9.39 9.48 9.56 9.63 9.70 9.75 9.79 9.94 10.15 10.44 10.81 11.22 11.62 12.00 12.36

8.02 8.21 8.40 8.59 8.76 8.93 9.09 9.23 9.37 9.49 9.61 9.72 9.81 9.90 9.98 10.04 10.10 10.14 10.30 10.52 10.81 11.19 11.60 12.00 12.38 12.74

8.31 8.50 8.70 8.89 9.07 9.24 9.40 9.55 9.69 9.81 9.93 10.05 10.14 10.23 10.31 10.38 10.44 10.49 10.66 10.88 11.18 11.56 11.98 12.37 12.82 13.22

0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.61 0.67 0.72 0.75 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.80

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178

F OOT LENGT H FO R A GE Boys

Foot Length (cm)

31 P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

FOOT LENGTH FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Foot Length (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.81 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.05 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.33 1.35 1.36 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42

0.61 0.62 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.71 0.74 0.76 0.79 0.81 0.84 0.88 0.91 0.95 1.00 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.27 1.26 1.25 1.23 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.19 1.19 1.19

11.08 11.83 12.56 13.38 14.11 14.76 15.32 15.84 16.33 16.79 17.24 17.66 18.05 18.42 18.77 19.10 19.42 19.75 20.10 20.46 20.83 21.22 21.62 22.03 22.45 22.86 23.22 23.53 23.80 24.01 24.18 24.30 24.37 24.42

11.57 12.39 13.18 14.00 14.74 15.40 15.97 16.49 16.99 17.47 17.92 18.35 18.75 19.13 19.49 19.82 20.15 20.50 20.85 21.22 21.60 22.00 22.41 22.83 23.26 23.68 24.05 24.37 24.64 24.86 25.03 25.15 25.22 25.28

12.06 12.96 13.81 14.64 15.38 16.05 16.63 17.16 17.67 18.15 18.61 19.05 19.46 19.85 20.22 20.56 20.90 21.25 21.61 21.99 22.38 22.79 23.21 23.64 24.08 24.51 24.89 25.21 25.49 25.71 25.89 26.02 26.09 26.15

12.60 13.59 14.50 15.33 16.08 16.76 17.35 17.90 18.41 18.91 19.38 19.83 20.25 20.65 21.02 21.37 21.72 22.08 22.45 22.84 23.24 23.66 24.09 24.53 24.99 25.42 25.81 26.14 26.43 26.66 26.84 26.97 27.05 27.10

13.05 14.08 15.01 15.84 16.59 17.26 17.85 18.39 18.91 19.41 19.90 20.37 20.81 21.25 21.66 22.05 22.44 22.84 23.24 23.66 24.08 24.50 24.94 25.38 25.83 26.26 26.63 26.96 27.24 27.47 27.64 27.77 27.84 27.90

13.45 14.51 15.48 16.30 17.05 17.72 18.30 18.84 19.36 19.87 20.37 20.86 21.33 21.79 22.24 22.67 23.10 23.53 23.97 24.40 24.84 25.27 25.71 26.16 26.60 27.02 27.39 27.71 27.98 28.20 28.38 28.50 28.57 28.63

13.84 14.94 15.94 16.76 17.50 18.16 18.74 19.28 19.81 20.33 20.84 21.34 21.84 22.33 22.81 23.28 23.75 24.21 24.67 25.13 25.58 26.03 26.48 26.92 27.35 27.76 28.13 28.44 28.71 28.92 29.10 29.21 29.29 29.34

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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180

F OOT LENGT H FO R A GE Girls

Foot Length (cm)

27 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD

+1SD

-1SD -2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

FOOT LENGTH FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Foot Length (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.83 0.85 0.87 0.91 0.94 0.98 1.03 1.08 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.20 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18

0.78 0.85 0.90 0.93 0.94 0.92 0.87 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.95 0.98 1.01 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.03 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.88

10.81 11.77 12.63 13.39 14.05 14.60 15.05 15.46 15.87 16.29 16.73 17.18 17.64 18.10 18.59 19.08 19.55 19.98 20.37 20.72 21.01 21.27 21.48 21.65 21.77 21.87 21.96 22.03 22.09 22.14 22.18 22.21 22.23 22.24

11.30 12.28 13.16 13.94 14.61 15.19 15.67 16.10 16.54 16.99 17.44 17.90 18.36 18.83 19.31 19.80 20.26 20.69 21.07 21.41 21.71 21.96 22.18 22.34 22.47 22.57 22.66 22.73 22.80 22.85 22.89 22.92 22.94 22.95

11.81 12.80 13.69 14.49 15.19 15.79 16.30 16.76 17.22 17.69 18.16 18.63 19.10 19.57 20.05 20.53 20.99 21.41 21.78 22.12 22.41 22.67 22.88 23.05 23.18 23.28 23.37 23.45 23.51 23.57 23.61 23.64 23.66 23.67

12.36 13.36 14.28 15.10 15.82 16.45 16.99 17.49 17.98 18.46 18.95 19.43 19.91 20.39 20.86 21.33 21.78 22.19 22.57 22.90 23.19 23.44 23.65 23.82 23.95 24.06 24.15 24.23 24.30 24.35 24.40 24.43 24.45 24.46

12.98 13.97 14.88 15.70 16.41 17.04 17.58 18.06 18.55 19.04 19.53 20.02 20.51 21.00 21.49 21.99 22.46 22.89 23.27 23.61 23.90 24.15 24.36 24.51 24.63 24.72 24.79 24.86 24.92 24.96 25.00 25.02 25.04 25.05

13.53 14.53 15.43 16.24 16.96 17.58 18.11 18.59 19.07 19.56 20.06 20.55 21.06 21.56 22.07 22.59 23.08 23.52 23.91 24.26 24.55 24.80 25.00 25.15 25.25 25.32 25.38 25.43 25.48 25.52 25.55 25.57 25.58 25.59

13.82 14.96 15.98 16.78 17.49 18.11 18.63 19.11 19.59 20.08 20.58 21.08 21.59 22.11 22.64 23.17 23.68 24.14 24.55 24.90 25.19 25.44 25.63 25.77 25.85 25.91 25.96 26.00 26.03 26.06 26.08 26.10 26.11 26.12

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182

F OOT LENGT H FO R SUP I NE LENGT H I n f a n t s ( b o ys )

Foot Length (cm)

13 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

2 30

Supine Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

FOOT LENGTH FOR SUPINE LENGTH Infants (boys) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Foot Length (cm) for Supine Length (cm) for Infants (boys) Supine Length 30 (cm) 32 (cm) 34 (cm) 36 (cm) 38 (cm) 40 (cm) 42 (cm) 44 (cm) 46 (cm) 48 (cm) 50 (cm) 52 (cm) 54 (cm) 56 (cm) 58 (cm) 60 (cm) 62 (cm) 64 (cm) 66 (cm) 68 (cm) 70 (cm) 72 (cm) 74 (cm) 76 (cm) 78 (cm)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.30 0.33 0.37 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.49

0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51

3.74 4.05 4.36 4.68 5.01 5.35 5.69 6.04 6.35 6.64 6.89 7.12 7.32 7.54 7.78 8.03 8.28 8.55 8.80 9.07 9.33 9.60 9.88 10.15 10.44

3.93 4.23 4.54 4.86 5.18 5.52 5.86 6.19 6.51 6.80 7.07 7.32 7.54 7.78 8.03 8.28 8.54 8.81 9.07 9.34 9.61 9.88 10.16 10.44 10.74

4.11 4.41 4.72 5.04 5.36 5.69 6.02 6.36 6.67 6.97 7.26 7.52 7.77 8.02 8.27 8.54 8.80 9.07 9.34 9.61 9.89 10.16 10.45 10.74 11.03

4.31 4.62 4.92 5.24 5.56 5.88 6.21 6.53 6.85 7.16 7.46 7.74 8.02 8.29 8.55 8.82 9.09 9.37 9.64 9.92 10.20 10.48 10.77 11.06 11.36

4.52 4.83 5.13 5.44 5.76 6.08 6.40 6.73 7.05 7.36 7.67 7.97 8.27 8.55 8.82 9.10 9.38 9.66 9.94 10.23 10.51 10.80 11.10 11.39 11.70

4.71 5.02 5.32 5.63 5.94 6.26 6.58 6.90 7.22 7.54 7.86 8.18 8.49 8.79 9.07 9.35 9.63 9.93 10.21 10.50 10.80 11.09 11.39 11.70 12.01

4.90 5.20 5.51 5.81 6.12 6.44 6.75 7.07 7.40 7.72 8.05 8.38 8.71 9.03 9.31 9.60 9.89 10.19 10.48 10.78 11.08 11.37 11.68 11.99 12.31

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184

F OOT LENGT H FO R SUP I NE LENGT H Infants (girls)

Foot Length (cm)

13 P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75 P50

P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

2 30

Supine Length (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

FOOT LENGTH FOR SUPINE LENGTH Infants (girls) Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Foot Length (cm) for Supine Length (cm) for Infants (girls) Supine Length

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

30 (cm) 32 (cm) 34 (cm) 36 (cm) 38 (cm) 40 (cm) 42 (cm) 44 (cm) 46 (cm) 48 (cm) 50 (cm) 52 (cm) 54 (cm) 56 (cm) 58 (cm) 60 (cm) 62 (cm) 64 (cm) 66 (cm) 68 (cm) 70 (cm) 72 (cm) 74 (cm) 76 (cm) 78 (cm)

0.26 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.44 0.48 0.51 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.60

0.27 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.43 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.39 0.42 0.48 0.53 0.59 0.65

3.78 4.08 4.39 4.69 5.00 5.31 5.63 5.94 6.24 6.53 6.80 7.06 7.30 7.54 7.77 8.01 8.26 8.51 8.76 9.02 9.29 9.56 9.84 10.12 10.41

3.94 4.24 4.54 4.85 5.16 5.48 5.79 6.11 6.42 6.71 7.00 7.28 7.54 7.80 8.06 8.32 8.58 8.84 9.11 9.37 9.64 9.91 10.19 10.48 10.77

4.10 4.40 4.71 5.01 5.33 5.64 5.96 6.28 6.60 6.90 7.21 7.50 7.79 8.07 8.35 8.63 8.91 9.18 9.45 9.72 10.00 10.27 10.56 10.84 11.14

4.27 4.58 4.88 5.19 5.51 5.82 6.15 6.47 6.79 7.11 7.43 7.75 8.06 8.37 8.68 8.98 9.27 9.56 9.84 10.11 10.39 10.67 10.96 11.25 11.54

4.45 4.75 5.06 5.37 5.68 6.00 6.31 6.64 6.96 7.29 7.62 7.96 8.29 8.63 8.95 9.27 9.56 9.85 10.12 10.38 10.64 10.90 11.18 11.46 11.75

4.61 4.91 5.22 5.53 5.84 6.15 6.47 6.79 7.12 7.45 7.80 8.15 8.50 8.86 9.21 9.53 9.83 10.11 10.37 10.62 10.86 11.11 11.38 11.65 11.93

4.77 5.07 5.38 5.68 5.99 6.31 6.62 6.94 7.27 7.61 7.97 8.33 8.71 9.09 9.45 9.79 10.09 10.37 10.62 10.85 11.08 11.32 11.57 11.84 12.12

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186

F OOT LENGT H FO R HEI GHT Boys

Foot Length (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD

-1SD -2SD

5 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

FOOT LENGTH FOR HEIGHT Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Foot Length (cm) for Height (cm) for Boys Height 65 (cm) 70 (cm) 75 (cm) 80 (cm) 85 (cm) 90 (cm) 95 (cm) 100 (cm) 105 (cm) 110 (cm) 115 (cm) 120 (cm) 125 (cm) 130 (cm) 135 (cm) 140 (cm) 145 (cm) 150 (cm) 155 (cm) 160 (cm) 165 (cm) 170 (cm) 175 (cm) 180 (cm) 185 (cm)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.44 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.56 0.56 0.58 0.62 0.69 0.79 0.88 0.96 1.03 1.07 1.10 1.12

0.43 0.47 0.49 0.51 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.61 0.63 0.65 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.75 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.82

8.55 9.33 10.39 11.73 12.32 13.16 13.92 14.65 15.39 16.14 16.92 17.72 18.55 19.42 20.19 20.84 21.39 21.82 22.15 22.51 23.02 23.70 24.55 25.55 26.60

8.81 9.61 10.67 12.03 12.62 13.47 14.23 14.97 15.72 16.48 17.27 18.07 18.91 19.76 20.52 21.19 21.76 22.24 22.62 23.04 23.60 24.32 25.19 26.21 27.27

9.07 9.89 10.97 12.33 12.93 13.78 14.55 15.30 16.05 16.82 17.61 18.42 19.27 20.10 20.86 21.54 22.14 22.66 23.10 23.58 24.19 24.95 25.84 26.88 27.96

9.37 10.20 11.29 12.66 13.27 14.13 14.91 15.66 16.42 17.20 18.00 18.82 19.66 20.48 21.23 21.93 22.56 23.12 23.63 24.17 24.84 25.63 26.56 27.62 28.71

9.66 10.52 11.62 13.01 13.63 14.51 15.30 16.07 16.84 17.64 18.45 19.28 20.12 20.95 21.71 22.41 23.04 23.62 24.14 24.69 25.37 26.18 27.11 28.16 29.26

9.93 10.80 11.92 13.32 13.96 14.85 15.66 16.44 17.22 18.03 18.85 19.70 20.55 21.37 22.14 22.84 23.49 24.08 24.61 25.17 25.86 26.67 27.60 28.67 29.76

10.19 11.08 12.21 13.63 14.28 15.19 16.01 16.80 17.60 18.42 19.25 20.11 20.96 21.79 22.56 23.27 23.93 24.53 25.07 25.64 26.33 27.15 28.09 29.16 30.26

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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188

F OOT LENGT H FO R HEI GHT Girls

Foot Length (cm)

31 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD -1SD -2SD

5 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

FOOT LENGTH FOR HEIGHT Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Foot Length (cm) for Height (cm) for Girls Height

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.57 0.59 0.65 0.67 0.69 0.71 0.74 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.76 0.72 0.67 0.63 0.60 0.60 0.63 0.67 0.74 0.82 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.98 1.00

0.42 0.42 0.75 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.65 0.66 0.67 0.70 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.78 0.78

8.76 9.29 9.98 10.97 11.85 12.63 13.31 13.96 14.68 15.45 16.28 17.18 18.13 19.04 19.82 20.47 20.99 21.37 21.63 21.90 22.35 22.98 23.78 24.77 25.80

9.11 9.64 10.37 11.37 12.26 13.06 13.76 14.43 15.15 15.92 16.74 17.61 18.53 19.42 20.19 20.84 21.37 21.78 22.07 22.39 22.88 23.54 24.36 25.36 26.40

9.45 10.00 10.77 11.77 12.68 13.49 14.21 14.90 15.63 16.39 17.20 18.05 18.94 19.80 20.55 21.20 21.75 22.19 22.53 22.89 23.42 24.10 24.95 25.96 27.01

9.84 10.39 11.20 12.22 13.14 13.97 14.71 15.42 16.15 16.92 17.71 18.54 19.39 20.22 20.96 21.61 22.17 22.64 23.02 23.44 24.01 24.73 25.59 26.62 27.68

10.12 10.64 11.70 12.72 13.64 14.46 15.19 15.89 16.62 17.38 18.17 18.99 19.83 20.65 21.39 22.04 22.61 23.09 23.49 23.93 24.50 25.23 26.11 27.14 28.20

10.37 10.86 12.16 13.17 14.09 14.91 15.64 16.33 17.05 17.81 18.59 19.40 20.24 21.05 21.78 22.44 23.01 23.50 23.92 24.37 24.96 25.70 26.58 27.61 28.68

10.62 11.08 12.60 13.61 14.53 15.35 16.07 16.76 17.48 18.22 19.00 19.80 20.63 21.44 22.17 22.82 23.40 23.91 24.34 24.80 25.40 26.15 27.04 28.08 29.15

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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190

B I A C R O MI A L DI A M ET ER FO R A GE Boys

Biacromial Diameter (cm)

P97 +2SD P90 P75

+1SD

P50 P25 -1SD P10

-2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

BIACROMIAL DIAMETER FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biacromial Diameter (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.33 1.36 1.38 1.42 1.45 1.50 1.57 1.64 1.72 1.82 1.92 2.04 2.17 2.30 2.41 2.51 2.59 2.66 2.71 2.75 2.77 2.79

1.32 1.32 1.32 1.31 1.30 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.28 1.31 1.35 1.39 1.44 1.49 1.54 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.78 1.81 1.83 1.85 1.86 1.87

11.28 12.96 14.53 15.99 17.31 18.51 19.60 20.56 21.41 22.13 22.77 23.36 23.91 24.42 24.88 25.30 25.67 26.00 26.28 26.57 26.92 27.31 27.76 28.26 28.81 29.42 30.08 30.79 31.48 32.09 32.63 33.08 33.45 33.74 33.94 34.06 34.16

12.06 13.75 15.32 16.77 18.09 19.29 20.38 21.33 22.18 22.90 23.54 24.13 24.69 25.20 25.67 26.10 26.48 26.83 27.13 27.45 27.82 28.25 28.74 29.29 29.90 30.57 31.30 32.09 32.86 33.54 34.14 34.64 35.04 35.37 35.59 35.73 35.83

12.86 14.54 16.11 17.56 18.88 20.08 21.17 22.12 22.96 23.68 24.32 24.92 25.47 25.99 26.47 26.91 27.31 27.67 28.00 28.33 28.74 29.21 29.74 30.34 31.01 31.74 32.55 33.42 34.26 35.01 35.66 36.21 36.66 37.02 37.27 37.41 37.53

13.73 15.41 16.98 18.43 19.75 20.95 22.03 22.99 23.83 24.54 25.18 25.78 26.34 26.86 27.35 27.80 28.22 28.60 28.95 29.31 29.75 30.26 30.84 31.50 32.23 33.03 33.92 34.87 35.80 36.62 37.34 37.95 38.44 38.83 39.11 39.27 39.39

14.62 16.30 17.86 19.31 20.62 21.81 22.88 23.83 24.65 25.35 25.97 26.56 27.11 27.63 28.12 28.58 29.00 29.40 29.76 30.14 30.60 31.14 31.74 32.43 33.20 34.03 34.95 35.94 36.91 37.77 38.51 39.14 39.66 40.06 40.34 40.52 40.64

15.42 17.10 18.67 20.11 21.41 22.60 23.66 24.59 25.40 26.09 26.69 27.27 27.82 28.34 28.83 29.29 29.72 30.12 30.50 30.90 31.38 31.94 32.57 33.28 34.08 34.94 35.89 36.92 37.92 38.80 39.58 40.23 40.76 41.18 41.47 41.65 41.78

16.22 17.90 19.46 20.89 22.19 23.37 24.42 25.34 26.14 26.81 27.40 27.97 28.51 29.03 29.52 29.98 30.42 30.84 31.23 31.65 32.14 32.72 33.38 34.12 34.94 35.84 36.82 37.88 38.91 39.83 40.63 41.30 41.85 42.28 42.58 42.77 42.90

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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192

B I A C R O MI A L DI A M ET ER FO R A GE Girls

Biacromial Diameter (cm)

P97 +2SD

P90 P75

+1SD

P50 P25 -1SD P10 P3 -2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

BIACROMIAL DIAMETER FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biacromial Diameter (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.78 1.78 1.76 1.74 1.70 1.66 1.60 1.54 1.47 1.39 1.31 1.26 1.24 1.25 1.29 1.35 1.44 1.56 1.70 1.85 1.96 2.04 2.09 2.11 2.09 2.05 1.97 1.87 1.75 1.65 1.56 1.48 1.42 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.30

1.11 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.23 1.26 1.29 1.31 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.40 1.42 1.46 1.50 1.55 1.61 1.67 1.72 1.76 1.80 1.83 1.86 1.87 1.88 1.89

10.59 12.27 13.84 15.27 16.58 17.76 18.82 19.74 20.55 21.23 21.84 22.42 22.99 23.53 24.06 24.56 25.05 25.52 25.96 26.41 26.89 27.39 27.92 28.48 29.07 29.68 30.32 30.98 31.63 32.19 32.68 33.10 33.44 33.70 33.89 34.00 34.09

11.66 13.34 14.89 16.32 17.60 18.76 19.78 20.67 21.43 22.06 22.62 23.18 23.73 24.28 24.83 25.37 25.91 26.45 26.98 27.52 28.06 28.62 29.18 29.75 30.32 30.91 31.50 32.10 32.68 33.18 33.62 33.99 34.29 34.53 34.70 34.80 34.87

12.75 14.42 15.97 17.38 18.64 19.77 20.76 21.61 22.33 22.91 23.42 23.95 24.49 25.05 25.62 26.20 26.79 27.40 28.02 28.65 29.26 29.86 30.45 31.03 31.60 32.16 32.71 33.24 33.74 34.18 34.57 34.89 35.16 35.37 35.51 35.60 35.67

13.94 15.61 17.15 18.54 19.78 20.88 21.84 22.64 23.31 23.84 24.30 24.80 25.33 25.89 26.48 27.10 27.76 28.45 29.17 29.88 30.57 31.23 31.85 32.44 33.00 33.53 34.03 34.49 34.92 35.29 35.61 35.89 36.11 36.29 36.41 36.49 36.54

14.69 16.36 17.90 19.30 20.54 21.65 22.62 23.45 24.13 24.68 25.17 25.68 26.22 26.79 27.39 28.02 28.68 29.37 30.08 30.80 31.49 32.15 32.79 33.40 33.98 34.54 35.07 35.57 36.03 36.44 36.80 37.10 37.34 37.53 37.67 37.75 37.81

15.36 17.04 18.58 19.98 21.24 22.36 23.34 24.18 24.88 25.45 25.95 26.48 27.04 27.62 28.23 28.86 29.52 30.20 30.92 31.63 32.32 32.99 33.64 34.26 34.87 35.45 36.01 36.55 37.05 37.49 37.87 38.19 38.46 38.66 38.81 38.90 38.96

16.03 17.70 19.25 20.66 21.92 23.05 24.05 24.90 25.62 26.20 26.73 27.27 27.84 28.43 29.04 29.68 30.34 31.03 31.74 32.45 33.14 33.82 34.48 35.12 35.74 36.35 36.94 37.52 38.05 38.52 38.93 39.27 39.56 39.78 39.93 40.03 40.10

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

193

194

B I I L I A C A L DI A M ET ER FO R A GE Boys

Biiliacal Diameter (cm)

33 P97 +2SD

P90

+1SD

P75 P50

P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

BIILIACAL DIAMETER FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biiliacal Diameter (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.10 1.10 1.10 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.96 0.99 1.04 1.09 1.16 1.22 1.29 1.34 1.39 1.42 1.46 1.48 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.53 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.55 1.55

0.78 0.78 0.79 0.81 0.83 0.86 0.90 0.94 0.99 1.05 1.11 1.15 1.19 1.21 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.21 1.18 1.16 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.17 1.20 1.24 1.30 1.36 1.43 1.49 1.54 1.58 1.61 1.64 1.66 1.67 1.68

8.39 9.51 10.55 11.52 12.42 13.24 13.99 14.66 15.26 15.78 16.25 16.68 17.07 17.42 17.73 18.00 18.24 18.43 18.58 18.75 18.96 19.23 19.55 19.92 20.35 20.83 21.37 21.95 22.53 23.04 23.49 23.86 24.17 24.41 24.58 24.68 24.76

9.06 10.17 11.21 12.18 13.06 13.88 14.61 15.27 15.86 16.37 16.82 17.24 17.63 17.99 18.31 18.60 18.86 19.08 19.28 19.48 19.73 20.03 20.38 20.78 21.22 21.72 22.27 22.86 23.44 23.96 24.41 24.78 25.09 25.34 25.51 25.61 25.69

9.73 10.84 11.88 12.84 13.72 14.52 15.25 15.90 16.47 16.96 17.40 17.81 18.20 18.56 18.90 19.21 19.49 19.75 19.98 20.23 20.51 20.85 21.22 21.65 22.11 22.62 23.18 23.78 24.37 24.89 25.34 25.72 26.03 26.28 26.45 26.55 26.63

10.47 11.58 12.61 13.57 14.44 15.24 15.95 16.58 17.14 17.61 18.03 18.44 18.82 19.19 19.54 19.87 20.19 20.48 20.76 21.05 21.38 21.74 22.15 22.60 23.09 23.62 24.19 24.80 25.39 25.91 26.37 26.75 27.06 27.31 27.48 27.59 27.66

10.99 12.10 13.15 14.11 15.00 15.82 16.55 17.21 17.80 18.31 18.77 19.21 19.62 20.00 20.36 20.70 21.01 21.29 21.55 21.82 22.14 22.51 22.92 23.39 23.90 24.45 25.06 25.71 26.34 26.90 27.40 27.81 28.14 28.41 28.60 28.71 28.79

11.47 12.58 13.63 14.61 15.51 16.34 17.10 17.79 18.41 18.95 19.45 19.91 20.34 20.74 21.11 21.45 21.75 22.03 22.27 22.53 22.84 23.21 23.62 24.10 24.63 25.21 25.85 26.54 27.21 27.81 28.33 28.77 29.13 29.41 29.61 29.73 29.82

11.93 13.05 14.11 15.09 16.01 16.86 17.64 18.36 19.01 19.58 20.11 20.60 21.05 21.47 21.85 22.19 22.49 22.76 22.99 23.23 23.53 23.89 24.31 24.80 25.35 25.95 26.63 27.36 28.07 28.70 29.25 29.72 30.10 30.40 30.61 30.73 30.83

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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196

B I I L I A C A L DI A M ET ER FO R A GE Girls

Biiliacal Diameter (cm)

P97 +2SD P90

+1SD

P75 P50

P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

5 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

BIILIACAL DIAMETER FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biiliacal Diameter (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.93 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.97 0.99 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.11 1.14 1.18 1.21 1.23 1.26 1.27 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.35 1.37 1.39 1.42 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.54 1.56 1.58 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.62 1.63

0.82 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.90 0.94 0.98 1.03 1.09 1.15 1.20 1.24 1.28 1.31 1.33 1.35 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.42 1.44 1.47 1.50 1.52 1.55 1.57 1.59 1.60 1.62 1.62 1.63 1.63

8.05 9.33 10.50 11.55 12.46 13.26 13.93 14.47 14.90 15.21 15.47 15.75 16.07 16.43 16.81 17.23 17.68 18.16 18.67 19.19 19.69 20.17 20.63 21.07 21.50 21.90 22.28 22.65 22.98 23.28 23.54 23.75 23.93 24.07 24.17 24.23 24.27

8.61 9.89 11.06 12.12 13.04 13.85 14.54 15.10 15.55 15.87 16.15 16.46 16.80 17.17 17.56 17.99 18.45 18.94 19.45 19.98 20.48 20.97 21.44 21.90 22.33 22.75 23.15 23.54 23.89 24.20 24.47 24.70 24.89 25.04 25.14 25.20 25.25

9.18 10.46 11.64 12.70 13.63 14.45 15.15 15.73 16.20 16.55 16.85 17.18 17.54 17.92 18.33 18.77 19.24 19.73 20.25 20.78 21.29 21.78 22.27 22.73 23.18 23.62 24.03 24.44 24.81 25.14 25.42 25.67 25.86 26.02 26.13 26.19 26.24

9.81 11.09 12.27 13.33 14.28 15.11 15.83 16.43 16.92 17.29 17.62 17.97 18.35 18.75 19.17 19.62 20.10 20.60 21.12 21.66 22.17 22.68 23.17 23.65 24.11 24.56 25.00 25.43 25.82 26.17 26.47 26.72 26.93 27.10 27.21 27.28 27.33

10.35 11.64 12.82 13.90 14.86 15.71 16.46 17.08 17.61 18.02 18.39 18.77 19.18 19.60 20.05 20.52 21.00 21.51 22.04 22.57 23.09 23.60 24.10 24.59 25.06 25.53 25.98 26.43 26.84 27.20 27.52 27.79 28.01 28.18 28.30 28.37 28.42

10.85 12.14 13.33 14.42 15.39 16.26 17.03 17.68 18.24 18.68 19.09 19.50 19.93 20.38 20.85 21.33 21.82 22.34 22.87 23.40 23.92 24.44 24.95 25.44 25.93 26.41 26.88 27.34 27.77 28.15 28.48 28.76 28.98 29.16 29.29 29.36 29.42

11.34 12.63 13.83 14.92 15.91 16.80 17.59 18.27 18.86 19.34 19.77 20.22 20.68 21.15 21.63 22.13 22.63 23.15 23.68 24.22 24.75 25.27 25.78 26.28 26.78 27.28 27.76 28.24 28.68 29.08 29.42 29.71 29.95 30.13 30.26 30.34 30.40

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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198

B I A C R O MI A L DI A M ET ER FO R HEI G H T Boys

Biacromial Diameter (cm)

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75

P50 P25 -1SD P10 P3 -2SD

5 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

BIACROMIAL DIAMETER FOR HEIGHT Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biacromial Diameter (cm) for Height (cm) for Boys Height

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.26 1.25 1.24 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.07 1.01 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.93 0.95 0.98 1.01 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.21 1.27 1.32 1.36 1.39 1.41 1.42

1.41 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.31 1.25 1.18 1.10 1.04 0.98 0.94 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.89 0.93 1.00 1.10 1.22 1.34 1.44 1.52 1.58 1.61 1.64

11.93 13.18 14.42 15.65 16.87 18.08 19.29 20.45 21.53 22.54 23.47 24.33 25.11 25.88 26.71 27.61 28.57 29.59 30.67 31.77 32.83 33.86 34.85 35.81 36.75

12.69 13.93 15.16 16.37 17.57 18.76 19.93 21.06 22.12 23.11 24.03 24.89 25.68 26.46 27.32 28.24 29.22 30.28 31.40 32.54 33.63 34.68 35.69 36.65 37.60

13.46 14.70 15.92 17.11 18.29 19.45 20.58 21.68 22.71 23.69 24.60 25.46 26.26 27.06 27.93 28.88 29.89 30.98 32.14 33.31 34.44 35.51 36.53 37.51 38.47

14.30 15.54 16.74 17.93 19.08 20.20 21.30 22.36 23.36 24.32 25.23 26.08 26.89 27.71 28.61 29.58 30.63 31.76 32.96 34.17 35.32 36.42 37.46 38.45 39.42

15.25 16.48 17.67 18.83 19.95 21.04 22.09 23.10 24.06 24.98 25.86 26.69 27.48 28.30 29.20 30.20 31.30 32.49 33.77 35.06 36.29 37.44 38.52 39.53 40.51

16.11 17.34 18.52 19.66 20.75 21.80 22.81 23.77 24.69 25.58 26.43 27.24 28.01 28.83 29.74 30.77 31.91 33.16 34.52 35.88 37.17 38.37 39.48 40.51 41.51

16.96 18.18 19.35 20.47 21.54 22.55 23.51 24.43 25.32 26.17 26.99 27.78 28.54 29.35 30.28 31.33 32.51 33.82 35.25 36.69 38.03 39.28 40.43 41.47 42.50

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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200

B I A C R O MI A L DI A M ET ER FO R HEI G H T Girls

Biacromial Diameter (cm)

P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD +1SD

-1SD -2SD

5 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

BIACROMIAL DIAMETER FOR HEIGHT Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biacromial Diameter (cm) for Height (cm) for Girls Height

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.95 1.93 1.88 1.80 1.68 1.53 1.34 1.16 1.03 0.95 0.91 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.11 1.18 1.25 1.31 1.38 1.43 1.48 1.51 1.54 1.55 1.56

1.72 1.70 1.65 1.56 1.42 1.26 1.05 0.86 0.74 0.68 0.68 0.76 0.89 1.04 1.17 1.26 1.32 1.35 1.34 1.33 1.31 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.29

10.98 12.23 13.48 14.73 15.99 17.24 18.50 19.72 20.87 21.95 22.95 23.89 24.75 25.60 26.47 27.38 28.32 29.30 30.31 31.33 32.32 33.30 34.25 35.18 36.11

12.15 13.39 14.61 15.81 16.99 18.16 19.30 20.42 21.49 22.52 23.50 24.44 25.33 26.22 27.14 28.09 29.07 30.09 31.14 32.18 33.21 34.20 35.17 36.11 37.04

13.34 14.57 15.76 16.91 18.02 19.09 20.12 21.13 22.12 23.09 24.05 24.99 25.92 26.85 27.82 28.81 29.84 30.89 31.98 33.06 34.11 35.12 36.11 37.06 38.00

14.64 15.86 17.02 18.11 19.14 20.11 21.02 21.91 22.81 23.72 24.66 25.60 26.57 27.55 28.56 29.61 30.68 31.77 32.90 34.02 35.10 36.14 37.14 38.10 39.05

15.80 17.00 18.12 19.15 20.10 20.96 21.73 22.49 23.30 24.18 25.11 26.11 27.16 28.25 29.35 30.45 31.56 32.67 33.80 34.91 35.98 37.01 38.01 38.96 39.91

16.85 18.04 19.13 20.10 20.97 21.72 22.37 23.01 23.75 24.59 25.53 26.57 27.71 28.89 30.06 31.21 32.36 33.50 34.62 35.72 36.78 37.81 38.80 39.75 40.70

17.88 19.06 20.12 21.03 21.82 22.48 23.00 23.53 24.20 25.00 25.94 27.02 28.24 29.51 30.76 31.97 33.15 34.30 35.42 36.51 37.57 38.59 39.57 40.53 41.47

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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202

B I I L I A C A L DI A M ET ER FO R HEI GHT Boys

Biiliacal Diameter (cm)

31 P97 P90 P75 P50 P25 P10 P3

+2SD

+1SD

-1SD -2SD

5 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

BIILIACAL DIAMETER FOR HEIGHT Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biiliacal Diameter (cm) for Height (cm) for Boys Height 65 (cm) 70 (cm) 75 (cm) 80 (cm) 85 (cm) 90 (cm) 95 (cm) 100 (cm) 105 (cm) 110 (cm) 115 (cm) 120 (cm) 125 (cm) 130 (cm) 135 (cm) 140 (cm) 145 (cm) 150 (cm) 155 (cm) 160 (cm) 165 (cm) 170 (cm) 175 (cm) 180 (cm) 185 (cm)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.02 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.87 0.82 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.78 0.81 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.03

0.95 0.94 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.86 0.82 0.79 0.77 0.76 0.76 0.78 0.82 0.85 0.89 0.92 0.95 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.07

8.42 9.62 10.72 11.72 12.62 13.42 14.12 14.76 15.39 16.01 16.61 17.20 17.77 18.35 18.97 19.60 20.27 20.97 21.69 22.44 23.18 23.92 24.67 25.42 26.16

9.03 10.23 11.32 12.31 13.19 13.96 14.64 15.26 15.87 16.47 17.07 17.67 18.26 18.86 19.49 20.14 20.83 21.54 22.28 23.03 23.78 24.53 25.28 26.03 26.78

9.65 10.85 11.93 12.91 13.77 14.52 15.17 15.76 16.35 16.95 17.55 18.15 18.75 19.37 20.02 20.69 21.39 22.11 22.86 23.63 24.39 25.15 25.91 26.66 27.41

10.34 11.53 12.60 13.56 14.41 15.14 15.75 16.31 16.88 17.47 18.06 18.67 19.29 19.93 20.60 21.29 22.00 22.75 23.51 24.29 25.06 25.83 26.59 27.35 28.10

10.97 12.16 13.23 14.18 15.00 15.71 16.30 16.84 17.40 17.98 18.58 19.20 19.84 20.51 21.19 21.91 22.64 23.40 24.18 24.97 25.76 26.53 27.30 28.06 28.82

11.55 12.73 13.80 14.73 15.55 16.24 16.80 17.32 17.86 18.44 19.04 19.68 20.34 21.03 21.74 22.47 23.22 24.00 24.80 25.60 26.39 27.18 27.95 28.72 29.48

12.11 13.30 14.36 15.28 16.08 16.75 17.29 17.79 18.32 18.89 19.50 20.14 20.83 21.54 22.27 23.02 23.79 24.58 25.40 26.21 27.02 27.81 28.59 29.36 30.12

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

203

204

B I I L I A C A L DI A M ET ER FO R HEI GHT Girls

Biiliacal Diameter (cm)

P97 +2SD P90

P75

+1SD

P50

P25 P10

-1SD -2SD

5 65

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

Height (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

BIILIACAL DIAMETER FOR HEIGHT Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biiliacal Diameter (cm) for Height (cm) for Girls Height 65 (cm) 70 (cm) 75 (cm) 80 (cm) 85 (cm) 90 (cm) 95 (cm) 100 (cm) 105 (cm) 110 (cm) 115 (cm) 120 (cm) 125 (cm) 130 (cm) 135 (cm) 140 (cm) 145 (cm) 150 (cm) 155 (cm) 160 (cm) 165 (cm) 170 (cm) 175 (cm) 180 (cm) 185 (cm)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.58 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.65 0.69 0.74 0.78 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.80 0.76 0.73 0.73 0.76 0.83 0.92 1.05 1.17 1.28 1.36 1.42 1.46 1.49

0.77 0.78 0.78 0.80 0.81 0.83 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.95 1.01 1.10 1.21 1.32 1.42 1.49 1.54 1.57 1.60

9.10 10.28 11.32 12.22 12.98 13.61 14.10 14.55 15.06 15.64 16.28 16.99 17.76 18.56 19.33 20.08 20.80 21.50 22.18 22.86 23.55 24.25 24.96 25.69 26.43

9.45 10.63 11.68 12.59 13.37 14.02 14.54 15.02 15.55 16.13 16.77 17.47 18.22 18.99 19.77 20.53 21.30 22.06 22.81 23.56 24.31 25.07 25.82 26.57 27.32

9.80 10.98 12.04 12.97 13.77 14.44 14.99 15.49 16.04 16.63 17.27 17.95 18.68 19.44 20.21 21.00 21.80 22.62 23.45 24.28 25.10 25.90 26.68 27.46 28.22

10.19 11.37 12.44 13.38 14.20 14.90 15.48 16.02 16.58 17.18 17.82 18.49 19.19 19.93 20.70 21.51 22.36 23.23 24.15 25.07 25.95 26.81 27.64 28.43 29.22

10.70 11.89 12.97 13.92 14.75 15.46 16.06 16.61 17.19 17.79 18.43 19.09 19.79 20.52 21.31 22.14 23.03 23.97 24.96 25.95 26.90 27.81 28.67 29.49 30.29

11.18 12.37 13.44 14.40 15.24 15.97 16.58 17.15 17.74 18.35 18.99 19.65 20.33 21.06 21.86 22.72 23.65 24.64 25.70 26.76 27.77 28.72 29.61 30.44 31.26

11.64 12.83 13.91 14.88 15.73 16.47 17.10 17.68 18.28 18.89 19.53 20.19 20.87 21.60 22.40 23.29 24.26 25.30 26.43 27.55 28.62 29.61 30.53 31.39 32.22

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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206

B I I L I A C A L DI A M ET ER FO R B I A C RO M I A L D I A M E T E R Boys

Biiliacal Diameter (cm)

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD P75

P50 P25 -1SD P10 P3 -2SD

10 16

Biacromial Diameter (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

B I I LI A C A L D I A M E T E R F O R B I A C R O M I A L D I A M E T E R Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biiliacal Diameter (cm) for Biacromial Diameter (cm) for Boys Biacromial

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

16 (cm) 17 (cm) 18 (cm) 19 (cm) 20 (cm) 21 (cm) 22 (cm) 23 (cm) 24 (cm) 25 (cm) 26 (cm) 27 (cm) 28 (cm) 29 (cm) 30 (cm) 31 (cm) 32 (cm) 33 (cm) 34 (cm) 35 (cm) 36 (cm) 37 (cm) 38 (cm) 39 (cm) 40 (cm)

0.91 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.76 0.72 0.70 0.70 0.72 0.75 0.81 0.87 0.93 0.97 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.13

0.62 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.70 0.74 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.93 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.98 1.01 1.05 1.10 1.16 1.20 1.23 1.25 1.27 1.28

11.57 11.95 12.37 12.85 13.39 13.97 14.61 15.27 15.94 16.61 17.29 17.96 18.64 19.31 19.94 20.55 21.12 21.66 22.17 22.71 23.33 24.03 24.82 25.69 26.59

12.12 12.49 12.91 13.38 13.89 14.46 15.06 15.70 16.36 17.03 17.71 18.41 19.13 19.83 20.50 21.13 21.73 22.29 22.81 23.36 23.99 24.70 25.49 26.37 27.27

12.67 13.04 13.46 13.91 14.41 14.95 15.53 16.14 16.79 17.46 18.15 18.87 19.62 20.36 21.07 21.73 22.35 22.93 23.46 24.02 24.66 25.38 26.18 27.05 27.96

13.28 13.65 14.06 14.50 14.97 15.49 16.04 16.63 17.25 17.92 18.63 19.38 20.17 20.95 21.69 22.38 23.03 23.63 24.18 24.75 25.40 26.12 26.93 27.81 28.71

13.70 14.07 14.48 14.94 15.44 15.99 16.57 17.20 17.85 18.54 19.27 20.02 20.81 21.59 22.33 23.04 23.70 24.33 24.92 25.52 26.20 26.95 27.77 28.66 29.57

14.07 14.45 14.87 15.35 15.87 16.44 17.06 17.72 18.40 19.11 19.84 20.60 21.39 22.17 22.92 23.64 24.32 24.97 25.59 26.23 26.93 27.70 28.53 29.43 30.35

14.44 14.82 15.26 15.74 16.29 16.89 17.54 18.23 18.94 19.67 20.41 21.18 21.96 22.74 23.50 24.23 24.93 25.61 26.26 26.92 27.65 28.44 29.28 30.19 31.12

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

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208

B I I L I A C A L DI A M ET ER FO R B I A C RO M I A L D I A M E T E R Girls

Biiliacal Diameter (cm)

34 P97 +2SD

P90 P75

+1SD

P50 P25 -1SD P10 P3 -2SD

10 16

Biacromial Diameter (cm)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

B I I LI A C A L D I A M E T E R F O R B I A C R O M I A L D I A M E T E R Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biiliacal Diameter (cm) for Biacromial Diameter (cm) for Girls Biacromial

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

16 (cm) 17 (cm) 18 (cm) 19 (cm) 20 (cm) 21 (cm) 22 (cm) 23 (cm) 24 (cm) 25 (cm) 26 (cm) 27 (cm) 28 (cm) 29 (cm) 30 (cm) 31 (cm) 32 (cm) 33 (cm) 34 (cm) 35 (cm) 36 (cm) 37 (cm) 38 (cm) 39 (cm) 40 (cm)

0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.88 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.98 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07

0.70 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.75 0.78 0.81 0.87 0.94 1.03 1.15 1.28 1.41 1.51 1.58 1.63 1.65 1.64 1.62 1.60 1.59 1.58 1.57 1.57

11.47 11.84 12.26 12.73 13.25 13.81 14.42 15.07 15.74 16.44 17.16 17.92 18.69 19.47 20.22 20.94 21.63 22.30 22.94 23.60 24.32 25.10 25.94 26.85 27.77

11.96 12.34 12.76 13.23 13.75 14.32 14.93 15.58 16.27 16.98 17.72 18.48 19.28 20.07 20.83 21.57 22.27 22.94 23.58 24.24 24.96 25.74 26.58 27.49 28.41

12.47 12.84 13.26 13.74 14.26 14.83 15.45 16.11 16.80 17.52 18.27 19.06 19.87 20.68 21.46 22.21 22.92 23.59 24.24 24.89 25.61 26.39 27.24 28.14 29.07

13.02 13.39 13.82 14.29 14.82 15.39 16.02 16.69 17.39 18.12 18.89 19.69 20.53 21.36 22.15 22.91 23.63 24.31 24.96 25.61 26.33 27.11 27.96 28.86 29.78

13.49 13.86 14.29 14.77 15.31 15.90 16.54 17.23 17.97 18.75 19.58 20.46 21.38 22.30 23.16 23.97 24.72 25.42 26.05 26.70 27.40 28.18 29.01 29.91 30.83

13.91 14.29 14.72 15.21 15.76 16.36 17.01 17.72 18.50 19.33 20.21 21.16 22.16 23.16 24.09 24.94 25.72 26.42 27.05 27.68 28.38 29.14 29.97 30.87 31.79

14.33 14.71 15.15 15.64 16.20 16.81 17.48 18.21 19.01 19.89 20.83 21.85 22.93 24.01 24.99 25.89 26.69 27.41 28.04 28.65 29.34 30.09 30.92 31.81 32.73

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210

B I A C R O MI A L/ B I I LI A C A L DI A MET ER R A T I O F O R A G E Boys

Biacromial/Biiliacal Diameter

1.70

1.60 P97

+2SD

P90

1.50

+1SD

P75 P50

1.40 P25

-1SD P10

1.30 P3

-2SD

1.20

1.10

1.00

0.90 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

B I A C RO M I A L / B I I L I A C A L D I A M E T E R R A T I O F O R A G E Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biacromial/Biiliacal Diameter Ratio for age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.069 0.069 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.071 0.071 0.072 0.072 0.073 0.073 0.074 0.074 0.073 0.073 0.072 0.072 0.071 0.070 0.069 0.069 0.069 0.069 0.070 0.071 0.072 0.074 0.076 0.077 0.079 0.080 0.081 0.081 0.082 0.082 0.082

0.065 0.065 0.065 0.064 0.064 0.063 0.062 0.061 0.060 0.059 0.057 0.056 0.055 0.055 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.055 0.055 0.056 0.057 0.058 0.058 0.059 0.060 0.061 0.063 0.064 0.065 0.065 0.066 0.067 0.067 0.067 0.068 0.068

1.226 1.226 1.227 1.228 1.230 1.233 1.235 1.239 1.242 1.247 1.251 1.255 1.258 1.260 1.262 1.264 1.265 1.265 1.264 1.264 1.263 1.263 1.263 1.262 1.262 1.262 1.262 1.262 1.263 1.263 1.263 1.263 1.263 1.263 1.263 1.263 1.263

1.268 1.268 1.269 1.270 1.272 1.275 1.278 1.281 1.285 1.290 1.295 1.299 1.302 1.305 1.306 1.308 1.308 1.308 1.307 1.306 1.305 1.304 1.304 1.304 1.304 1.305 1.306 1.307 1.308 1.309 1.310 1.311 1.312 1.312 1.312 1.313 1.313

1.310 1.310 1.311 1.313 1.315 1.318 1.321 1.325 1.329 1.334 1.339 1.344 1.347 1.349 1.351 1.352 1.352 1.352 1.350 1.348 1.347 1.346 1.346 1.346 1.347 1.348 1.350 1.352 1.354 1.356 1.358 1.360 1.361 1.362 1.362 1.363 1.363

1.357 1.357 1.358 1.359 1.362 1.365 1.368 1.373 1.377 1.383 1.388 1.393 1.396 1.399 1.400 1.401 1.401 1.400 1.397 1.395 1.394 1.393 1.392 1.393 1.394 1.396 1.399 1.402 1.405 1.408 1.411 1.413 1.415 1.416 1.417 1.418 1.418

1.400 1.400 1.401 1.403 1.405 1.407 1.410 1.413 1.418 1.422 1.427 1.430 1.433 1.435 1.437 1.437 1.437 1.436 1.434 1.432 1.431 1.431 1.431 1.432 1.434 1.436 1.440 1.444 1.448 1.451 1.455 1.457 1.459 1.461 1.462 1.463 1.464

1.440 1.440 1.441 1.442 1.443 1.445 1.448 1.451 1.454 1.458 1.462 1.465 1.467 1.469 1.470 1.470 1.470 1.469 1.468 1.466 1.465 1.465 1.466 1.468 1.470 1.473 1.477 1.482 1.487 1.491 1.494 1.498 1.500 1.502 1.503 1.504 1.505

1.479 1.479 1.480 1.480 1.482 1.483 1.485 1.488 1.490 1.493 1.496 1.499 1.500 1.502 1.503 1.503 1.503 1.502 1.501 1.499 1.499 1.500 1.501 1.503 1.506 1.510 1.514 1.519 1.525 1.530 1.534 1.537 1.540 1.542 1.544 1.545 1.546

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212

B I A C R O MI A L/ B I I LI A C A L DI A MET ER R A T I O F O R A G E Girls

Biacromial/Biiliacal Diameter

1.70

1.60

1.50

P97

+2SD

P90 +1SD

1.40

P75 P50

1.30

P25 -1SD P10

1.20

-2SD

1.10

1.00

0.90 0

Age (year)

Â© Gerver and de Bruin

B I A C RO M I A L / B I I L I A C A L D I A M E T E R R A T I O F O R A G E Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biacromial/Biiliacal Diameter Ratio for age (years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

0.075 0.075 0.075 0.076 0.076 0.076 0.076 0.076 0.077 0.077 0.078 0.078 0.079 0.080 0.081 0.082 0.083 0.084 0.086 0.087 0.088 0.089 0.090 0.090 0.090 0.090 0.090 0.089 0.089 0.088 0.088 0.087 0.087 0.086 0.086 0.086 0.086

0.067 0.067 0.066 0.066 0.065 0.065 0.064 0.063 0.062 0.061 0.059 0.058 0.057 0.056 0.056 0.055 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.055 0.055 0.057 0.058 0.060 0.062 0.064 0.066 0.068 0.070 0.071 0.072 0.073 0.074 0.074 0.075

1.202 1.207 1.211 1.215 1.219 1.222 1.225 1.227 1.230 1.231 1.232 1.233 1.233 1.232 1.231 1.229 1.226 1.223 1.219 1.214 1.210 1.207 1.203 1.200 1.197 1.194 1.192 1.189 1.187 1.185 1.184 1.182 1.181 1.180 1.180 1.179 1.179

1.247 1.252 1.256 1.261 1.264 1.268 1.271 1.273 1.276 1.277 1.279 1.280 1.280 1.280 1.279 1.278 1.276 1.273 1.270 1.267 1.263 1.260 1.257 1.254 1.251 1.248 1.245 1.243 1.240 1.238 1.236 1.235 1.233 1.232 1.232 1.231 1.231

1.293 1.298 1.302 1.307 1.310 1.314 1.317 1.320 1.322 1.324 1.326 1.327 1.328 1.328 1.328 1.327 1.326 1.324 1.322 1.320 1.317 1.314 1.312 1.309 1.306 1.303 1.300 1.297 1.294 1.292 1.290 1.288 1.286 1.285 1.284 1.284 1.283

1.344 1.348 1.353 1.357 1.361 1.365 1.368 1.371 1.374 1.376 1.378 1.380 1.381 1.382 1.382 1.382 1.382 1.381 1.380 1.378 1.376 1.374 1.372 1.369 1.367 1.364 1.360 1.357 1.354 1.351 1.348 1.346 1.344 1.343 1.342 1.341 1.341

1.388 1.393 1.397 1.401 1.405 1.408 1.411 1.413 1.415 1.417 1.418 1.419 1.419 1.419 1.419 1.419 1.418 1.417 1.416 1.414 1.412 1.411 1.409 1.407 1.405 1.404 1.402 1.400 1.398 1.396 1.395 1.394 1.393 1.392 1.391 1.391 1.391

1.429 1.434 1.438 1.442 1.445 1.448 1.450 1.452 1.453 1.454 1.454 1.454 1.454 1.454 1.453 1.452 1.451 1.450 1.448 1.447 1.445 1.444 1.443 1.442 1.441 1.440 1.439 1.439 1.438 1.438 1.437 1.437 1.437 1.437 1.437 1.436 1.436

1.469 1.474 1.478 1.481 1.484 1.487 1.488 1.490 1.490 1.490 1.490 1.489 1.488 1.488 1.487 1.485 1.484 1.482 1.481 1.479 1.478 1.477 1.476 1.476 1.475 1.476 1.476 1.477 1.478 1.479 1.479 1.480 1.480 1.481 1.481 1.481 1.481

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214

M I D U P P ER A RM C I RC UM FERENC E F O R A G E Boys

Mid Upper Arm Circumference (cm)

32 P97

+2SD

P90

+1SD P75

P50 P25

-1SD P10

-2SD

8 0

Age (year)

MID UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Mid Upper Arm Circumference (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.22 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.20 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.20 1.23 1.26 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.47 1.54 1.60 1.66 1.72 1.77 1.82 1.86 1.90 1.94 1.97 2.00 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.09

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.10 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.13 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.26 1.31 1.37 1.43 1.50 1.58 1.66 1.76 1.85 1.96 2.06 2.15 2.23 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.43 2.44 2.46

11.63 12.45 13.18 13.82 14.35 14.80 15.15 15.40 15.56 15.62 15.65 15.68 15.73 15.79 15.86 15.95 16.05 16.16 16.29 16.44 16.65 16.89 17.18 17.52 17.91 18.34 18.81 19.33 19.84 20.29 20.69 21.02 21.29 21.50 21.65 21.74 21.81

12.36 13.18 13.91 14.55 15.08 15.53 15.87 16.12 16.28 16.34 16.36 16.39 16.45 16.52 16.61 16.72 16.85 17.00 17.17 17.37 17.61 17.89 18.21 18.59 19.00 19.45 19.95 20.49 21.02 21.49 21.90 22.24 22.52 22.74 22.90 22.99 23.06

13.11 13.93 14.66 15.29 15.83 16.27 16.61 16.85 17.01 17.06 17.08 17.12 17.18 17.27 17.38 17.52 17.67 17.86 18.06 18.30 18.58 18.90 19.26 19.67 20.11 20.59 21.11 21.67 22.22 22.71 23.13 23.49 23.78 24.01 24.17 24.27 24.34

13.93 14.75 15.48 16.11 16.64 17.08 17.42 17.66 17.81 17.86 17.87 17.91 17.99 18.09 18.22 18.39 18.58 18.80 19.05 19.33 19.65 20.02 20.41 20.85 21.32 21.83 22.39 22.97 23.54 24.05 24.49 24.86 25.16 25.40 25.56 25.66 25.74

14.70 15.52 16.25 16.88 17.41 17.84 18.18 18.41 18.55 18.60 18.61 18.65 18.72 18.83 18.98 19.16 19.37 19.61 19.89 20.21 20.57 20.97 21.42 21.91 22.44 23.01 23.63 24.29 24.93 25.49 25.98 26.40 26.73 27.00 27.19 27.30 27.39

15.40 16.22 16.95 17.58 18.10 18.54 18.87 19.10 19.23 19.27 19.27 19.31 19.39 19.51 19.66 19.86 20.09 20.35 20.66 21.01 21.41 21.85 22.33 22.87 23.46 24.08 24.76 25.48 26.18 26.80 27.34 27.80 28.17 28.46 28.67 28.79 28.88

16.09 16.91 17.64 18.27 18.79 19.22 19.54 19.77 19.90 19.93 19.93 19.97 20.05 20.17 20.34 20.55 20.79 21.08 21.42 21.80 22.23 22.71 23.24 23.82 24.45 25.14 25.87 26.66 27.42 28.09 28.68 29.18 29.58 29.90 30.12 30.26 30.36

215

216

M I D U P P ER A RM C I RC UM FERENC E F O R A G E Girls

Mid Upper Arm Circumference (cm)

32 P97

+2SD

P90

+1SD P75

P50 P25

-1SD P10 P3

-2SD

8 0

Age (year)

MID UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Mid Upper Arm Circumference (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.35 1.35 1.34 1.33 1.32 1.31 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.23 1.21 1.21 1.22 1.24 1.27 1.33 1.39 1.47 1.56 1.65 1.75 1.84 1.93 2.02 2.11 2.20 2.28 2.37 2.44 2.51 2.57 2.62 2.66 2.69 2.72 2.73 2.74

1.13 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.20 1.21 1.23 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.31 1.33 1.35 1.38 1.40 1.43 1.47 1.53 1.59 1.67 1.76 1.86 1.97 2.09 2.21 2.32 2.42 2.50 2.56 2.61 2.65 2.67 2.68

10.52 11.58 12.52 13.34 14.02 14.59 15.02 15.34 15.53 15.60 15.62 15.67 15.76 15.89 16.05 16.24 16.47 16.74 17.04 17.35 17.64 17.93 18.21 18.47 18.72 18.96 19.19 19.40 19.60 19.78 19.93 20.06 20.16 20.24 20.30 20.33 20.36

11.33 12.39 13.32 14.14 14.81 15.37 15.80 16.10 16.28 16.34 16.35 16.40 16.49 16.63 16.81 17.04 17.31 17.62 17.97 18.34 18.69 19.04 19.37 19.68 19.99 20.28 20.56 20.82 21.07 21.28 21.47 21.63 21.76 21.86 21.93 21.97 22.00

12.15 13.21 14.14 14.95 15.62 16.17 16.59 16.88 17.05 17.09 17.09 17.13 17.24 17.39 17.59 17.85 18.15 18.51 18.92 19.35 19.76 20.16 20.55 20.92 21.28 21.62 21.95 22.27 22.56 22.81 23.04 23.23 23.38 23.50 23.59 23.64 23.68

13.06 14.11 15.04 15.84 16.51 17.05 17.46 17.74 17.89 17.91 17.90 17.94 18.05 18.22 18.44 18.74 19.08 19.49 19.96 20.45 20.93 21.39 21.84 22.27 22.69 23.09 23.48 23.85 24.20 24.50 24.76 24.98 25.17 25.31 25.41 25.47 25.51

13.82 14.87 15.80 16.61 17.28 17.83 18.24 18.53 18.69 18.73 18.73 18.78 18.90 19.08 19.32 19.63 19.99 20.41 20.90 21.41 21.92 22.42 22.91 23.39 23.87 24.34 24.80 25.25 25.68 26.05 26.38 26.66 26.88 27.06 27.18 27.26 27.31

14.51 15.56 16.50 17.31 17.98 18.53 18.96 19.25 19.42 19.47 19.48 19.54 19.68 19.87 20.12 20.44 20.81 21.25 21.75 22.28 22.82 23.35 23.88 24.41 24.94 25.47 26.00 26.53 27.03 27.47 27.86 28.18 28.44 28.65 28.80 28.88 28.95

15.19 16.24 17.18 17.99 18.67 19.23 19.66 19.96 20.14 20.19 20.21 20.29 20.44 20.64 20.90 21.24 21.63 22.08 22.59 23.14 23.70 24.26 24.83 25.41 25.99 26.59 27.18 27.79 28.36 28.86 29.30 29.68 29.98 30.22 30.38 30.49 30.56

217

218

U P P E R LEG C I RC UM FERENC E FO R A G E Boys

Upper Leg Circumference (cm)

P97 +2SD P90 +1SD

P75 P50 P25

-1SD P10 P3

-2SD

15 0

Age (year)

UPPER LEG CIRCUMFERENCE FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Upper Leg Circumference (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

2.36 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.41 2.43 2.45 2.48 2.51 2.54 2.59 2.66 2.73 2.81 2.91 3.01 3.13 3.26 3.39 3.49 3.59 3.66 3.71 3.75 3.77 3.77 3.75 3.73 3.71 3.69 3.67 3.66 3.65 3.64 3.64 3.63

2.05 2.05 2.05 2.04 2.03 2.02 2.01 2.00 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.98 2.02 2.09 2.18 2.30 2.44 2.61 2.81 3.00 3.16 3.30 3.41 3.49 3.54 3.56 3.56 3.53 3.48 3.45 3.41 3.39 3.36 3.35 3.33 3.33 3.32

16.61 18.50 20.25 21.85 23.28 24.57 25.71 26.69 27.53 28.22 28.81 29.39 29.95 30.49 31.01 31.51 32.00 32.47 32.92 33.40 33.96 34.60 35.32 36.13 37.02 37.98 39.04 40.17 41.27 42.24 43.09 43.81 44.39 44.85 45.17 45.37 45.51

18.03 19.92 21.67 23.27 24.72 26.02 27.17 28.16 29.02 29.72 30.34 30.95 31.54 32.13 32.70 33.26 33.81 34.34 34.87 35.43 36.05 36.75 37.52 38.36 39.27 40.24 41.30 42.42 43.50 44.46 45.30 46.01 46.59 47.04 47.36 47.55 47.69

19.47 21.36 23.11 24.72 26.17 27.49 28.65 29.66 30.53 31.25 31.89 32.53 33.16 33.79 34.41 35.03 35.65 36.25 36.86 37.49 38.19 38.94 39.75 40.62 41.55 42.54 43.60 44.71 45.78 46.73 47.55 48.25 48.82 49.27 49.58 49.77 49.91

21.05 22.94 24.70 26.32 27.77 29.10 30.27 31.30 32.19 32.93 33.60 34.27 34.94 35.62 36.30 36.98 37.66 38.35 39.05 39.76 40.53 41.34 42.20 43.11 44.07 45.07 46.12 47.22 48.28 49.21 50.02 50.71 51.27 51.71 52.02 52.21 52.34

22.42 24.31 26.07 27.68 29.14 30.45 31.62 32.64 33.52 34.25 34.91 35.59 36.30 37.02 37.76 38.52 39.30 40.10 40.93 41.77 42.65 43.55 44.48 45.44 46.44 47.45 48.51 49.58 50.61 51.52 52.31 52.98 53.52 53.95 54.25 54.43 54.57

23.67 25.56 27.32 28.93 30.38 31.69 32.85 33.86 34.73 35.44 36.11 36.80 37.53 38.29 39.09 39.92 40.79 41.70 42.64 43.60 44.57 45.56 46.56 47.57 48.59 49.63 50.68 51.73 52.74 53.62 54.39 55.04 55.57 55.99 56.29 56.46 56.59

24.90 26.79 28.55 30.15 31.60 32.90 34.06 35.06 35.92 36.62 37.28 37.98 38.74 39.55 40.40 41.31 42.26 43.26 44.32 45.40 46.47 47.54 48.60 49.66 50.72 51.77 52.81 53.85 54.83 55.69 56.44 57.08 57.59 58.00 58.29 58.46 58.58

219

220

U P P E R LEG C I RC UM FERENC E FO R A G E Girls

Upper Leg Circumference (cm) P97

+2SD

P90

+1SD P75 P50

P25 -1SD

P10 P3

-2SD

15 0

Age (year)

UPPER LEG CIRCUMFERENCE FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Upper Leg Circumference (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

2.36 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.41 2.43 2.46 2.49 2.53 2.57 2.63 2.70 2.79 2.90 3.02 3.15 3.30 3.47 3.64 3.79 3.93 4.05 4.16 4.26 4.35 4.42 4.47 4.52 4.56 4.60 4.63 4.66 4.68 4.69 4.70 4.70

1.81 1.82 1.85 1.90 1.97 2.06 2.17 2.31 2.46 2.63 2.80 2.96 3.09 3.21 3.30 3.38 3.44 3.48 3.50 3.51 3.53 3.57 3.60 3.65 3.71 3.77 3.84 3.92 4.00 4.07 4.13 4.18 4.22 4.26 4.28 4.29 4.31

15.70 18.20 20.47 22.50 24.26 25.80 27.09 28.13 28.93 29.49 29.94 30.43 30.95 31.51 32.11 32.74 33.41 34.12 34.86 35.63 36.42 37.22 38.04 38.88 39.74 40.60 41.49 42.39 43.25 44.01 44.67 45.22 45.68 46.04 46.29 46.44 46.55

17.11 19.61 21.89 23.92 25.70 27.25 28.55 29.60 30.43 31.01 31.49 32.00 32.57 33.19 33.85 34.55 35.30 36.10 36.94 37.81 38.69 39.58 40.48 41.38 42.29 43.21 44.14 45.08 45.97 46.75 47.43 48.00 48.47 48.84 49.10 49.26 49.37

18.55 21.05 23.33 25.37 27.16 28.72 30.03 31.10 31.95 32.55 33.05 33.61 34.22 34.89 35.61 36.39 37.23 38.12 39.06 40.03 41.00 41.98 42.95 43.92 44.89 45.86 46.84 47.81 48.72 49.53 50.23 50.83 51.31 51.69 51.96 52.12 52.24

20.14 22.64 24.92 26.97 28.76 30.33 31.67 32.75 33.62 34.24 34.78 35.37 36.04 36.76 37.56 38.42 39.34 40.33 41.39 42.47 43.54 44.61 45.66 46.71 47.75 48.78 49.80 50.81 51.75 52.59 53.32 53.93 54.43 54.83 55.10 55.27 55.39

21.35 23.86 26.16 28.24 30.08 31.72 33.12 34.30 35.26 36.00 36.65 37.35 38.11 38.91 39.77 40.68 41.64 42.66 43.73 44.82 45.91 47.00 48.08 49.16 50.23 51.30 52.37 53.43 54.43 55.31 56.09 56.73 57.26 57.68 57.97 58.15 58.28

22.45 24.97 27.29 29.40 31.29 32.98 34.45 35.70 36.76 37.60 38.36 39.15 39.99 40.87 41.78 42.74 43.74 44.78 45.86 46.96 48.07 49.17 50.28 51.38 52.49 53.60 54.71 55.83 56.87 57.80 58.61 59.29 59.84 60.28 60.58 60.77 60.90

23.54 26.06 28.40 30.54 32.47 34.21 35.75 37.09 38.24 39.18 40.04 40.93 41.84 42.79 43.76 44.77 45.80 46.87 47.96 49.07 50.19 51.31 52.44 53.57 54.72 55.86 57.02 58.18 59.28 60.24 61.08 61.79 62.37 62.83 63.15 63.34 63.49

221

222

C A L F C I RC UMFERENC E FO R A GE Boys

Calf Circumference (cm)

44 42 P97 +2SD

P90 +1SD

P75 P50

P25

-1SD P10

32 P3

-2SD

30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 0

Age (year)

CALF CIRCUMFERENCE FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Calf Circumference (cm) for Age (years) for Boys Age 0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.39 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.32 1.31 1.29 1.29 1.31 1.33 1.37 1.41 1.48 1.55 1.63 1.72 1.81 1.89 1.96 2.04 2.11 2.17 2.24 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.44 2.47 2.50 2.52 2.54 2.55 2.55

1.20 1.20 1.21 1.23 1.24 1.27 1.30 1.33 1.37 1.42 1.46 1.51 1.56 1.60 1.64 1.68 1.73 1.77 1.81 1.84 1.88 1.92 1.96 2.00 2.03 2.07 2.11 2.15 2.18 2.21 2.24 2.26 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.31

12.72 14.17 15.49 16.68 17.72 18.64 19.43 20.08 20.60 20.99 21.31 21.62 21.94 22.27 22.59 22.91 23.24 23.57 23.90 24.24 24.62 25.03 25.48 25.96 26.47 27.02 27.60 28.21 28.80 29.33 29.78 30.17 30.48 30.73 30.90 31.01 31.09

13.55 15.00 16.32 17.50 18.54 19.46 20.24 20.88 21.39 21.77 22.08 22.40 22.73 23.06 23.41 23.76 24.12 24.49 24.87 25.27 25.70 26.17 26.66 27.18 27.74 28.32 28.94 29.59 30.21 30.76 31.25 31.65 31.98 32.24 32.43 32.54 32.62

14.40 15.84 17.16 18.34 19.38 20.29 21.06 21.69 22.20 22.57 22.87 23.19 23.52 23.88 24.24 24.63 25.02 25.44 25.87 26.32 26.81 27.32 27.86 28.43 29.02 29.65 30.31 30.99 31.65 32.23 32.73 33.16 33.51 33.78 33.97 34.09 34.18

15.33 16.77 18.08 19.27 20.30 21.20 21.97 22.59 23.09 23.44 23.74 24.06 24.40 24.77 25.16 25.57 26.01 26.48 26.96 27.48 28.02 28.58 29.17 29.79 30.44 31.11 31.80 32.53 33.22 33.83 34.37 34.82 35.18 35.47 35.68 35.80 35.89

16.13 17.58 18.90 20.09 21.13 22.05 22.84 23.48 24.00 24.39 24.72 25.07 25.44 25.84 26.26 26.70 27.17 27.66 28.17 28.71 29.28 29.87 30.48 31.13 31.80 32.49 33.22 33.96 34.68 35.31 35.87 36.33 36.71 37.01 37.22 37.35 37.44

16.87 18.31 19.64 20.83 21.89 22.83 23.63 24.30 24.84 25.25 25.61 25.99 26.39 26.81 27.26 27.73 28.22 28.74 29.28 29.84 30.43 31.04 31.68 32.35 33.04 33.76 34.50 35.27 36.01 36.66 37.23 37.71 38.10 38.41 38.62 38.75 38.85

17.59 19.03 20.36 21.57 22.64 23.59 24.41 25.09 25.66 26.10 26.49 26.89 27.32 27.77 28.25 28.74 29.26 29.80 30.36 30.94 31.55 32.19 32.85 33.55 34.26 35.00 35.77 36.56 37.32 37.99 38.57 39.07 39.47 39.79 40.01 40.14 40.24

223

224

C A L F C I RC UMFERENC E FO R A GE Girls

Calf Circumference (cm)

44 42 P97 +2SD

P90

+1SD

P75

P50

P25

P10

-1SD

-2SD

28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 0

Age (year)

CALF CIRCUMFERENCE FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Calf Circumference (cm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.13 1.13 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.28 1.34 1.42 1.51 1.61 1.72 1.81 1.89 1.96 2.03 2.08 2.12 2.15 2.17 2.19 2.22 2.25 2.28 2.33 2.38 2.44 2.50 2.57 2.64 2.70 2.75 2.80 2.83 2.86 2.88 2.89 2.90

1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.35 1.37 1.42 1.48 1.55 1.65 1.76 1.88 2.03 2.17 2.28 2.37 2.44 2.48 2.50 2.49 2.45 2.40 2.33 2.28 2.23 2.18 2.15 2.12 2.10 2.09 2.08

12.09 13.89 15.49 16.89 18.05 19.01 19.76 20.29 20.61 20.72 20.76 20.86 21.04 21.28 21.60 21.99 22.44 22.97 23.57 24.19 24.79 25.37 25.93 26.46 26.97 27.47 27.93 28.38 28.79 29.15 29.47 29.74 29.95 30.12 30.24 30.32 30.37

12.77 14.57 16.18 17.60 18.78 19.78 20.57 21.14 21.52 21.69 21.79 21.95 22.17 22.46 22.81 23.23 23.71 24.26 24.87 25.50 26.12 26.72 27.30 27.86 28.40 28.93 29.43 29.92 30.38 30.77 31.12 31.41 31.65 31.84 31.97 32.05 32.11

13.45 15.26 16.89 18.31 19.53 20.56 21.39 22.01 22.44 22.67 22.84 23.05 23.33 23.66 24.05 24.50 25.01 25.57 26.20 26.84 27.47 28.09 28.69 29.28 29.85 30.41 30.96 31.49 31.98 32.42 32.80 33.12 33.38 33.59 33.73 33.82 33.88

14.21 16.02 17.66 19.11 20.35 21.41 22.28 22.96 23.45 23.76 23.99 24.26 24.59 24.98 25.41 25.89 26.43 27.01 27.65 28.31 28.95 29.59 30.22 30.84 31.45 32.05 32.63 33.21 33.75 34.23 34.64 34.99 35.28 35.50 35.66 35.76 35.83

15.11 16.92 18.56 20.00 21.25 22.31 23.18 23.86 24.35 24.65 24.89 25.18 25.54 25.97 26.45 27.00 27.60 28.27 29.01 29.76 30.48 31.18 31.86 32.50 33.12 33.71 34.28 34.82 35.32 35.75 36.13 36.45 36.72 36.92 37.07 37.16 37.22

15.93 17.74 19.37 20.82 22.07 23.13 24.00 24.67 25.17 25.47 25.71 26.02 26.41 26.87 27.39 28.00 28.67 29.42 30.24 31.08 31.87 32.63 33.34 34.01 34.64 35.23 35.78 36.28 36.74 37.14 37.49 37.79 38.03 38.22 38.35 38.43 38.49

16.73 18.54 20.18 21.63 22.87 23.94 24.81 25.48 25.98 26.28 26.52 26.85 27.26 27.75 28.32 28.99 29.73 30.55 31.46 32.38 33.24 34.05 34.81 35.50 36.14 36.73 37.25 37.72 38.14 38.51 38.83 39.10 39.32 39.49 39.61 39.68 39.74

225

226

227

VELOCITY CURVES

228

H E I G H T V ELO C I T Y FO R A GE Boys

Heigth Velocity (cm/year) 42

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 0

Age (year)

HEIGHT VELOCITY FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Supine Length and Height Velocity (cm/year) for Age (months and years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1 (m) 2 (m) 3 (m) 6 (m) 9 (m) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 5.0 (y) 6.0 (y) 7.0 (y) 8.0 (y) 9.0 (y) 10.0 (y) 11.0 (y) 12.0 (y) 13.0 (y) 14.0 (y) 15.0 (y) 16.0 (y) 17.0 (y)

12.09 11.02 10.07 7.93 6.52 5.45 3.41 1.94 1.60 1.90 2.18 2.33 2.30 1.94 1.47 0.99 0.67 0.62 0.71 0.74 0.79 1.27 0.87 0.62 0.52

7.01 7.70 8.10 7.90 6.39 4.58 2.67 2.28 2.15 2.03 1.91 1.78 1.54 1.33 1.14 0.99 0.87 0.80 0.74 0.70 0.81 1.23 0.83 0.61 0.49

17.45 15.74 14.22 10.89 9.00 8.03 7.27 6.98 6.26 5.32 4.55 4.01 3.49 3.51 3.83 4.20 4.37 4.21 4.01 4.15 5.36 7.44 5.04 2.15 0.39

25.56 23.26 21.17 16.24 13.00 11.01 9.24 8.71 7.87 6.80 5.90 5.24 4.50 4.34 4.49 4.72 4.79 4.55 4.34 4.59 6.10 8.56 5.66 2.56 0.79

33.72 30.70 27.97 21.59 17.40 14.69 11.54 10.02 8.95 8.08 7.37 6.81 6.05 5.65 5.48 5.39 5.24 4.97 4.82 5.09 6.63 9.42 6.25 2.98 1.14

38.45 35.90 33.44 26.92 21.71 17.78 13.34 11.56 10.40 9.45 8.66 8.01 7.09 6.55 6.25 6.06 5.83 5.51 5.32 5.56 7.18 10.25 6.81 3.39 1.47

40.57 38.71 36.78 31.05 25.73 21.26 15.73 13.20 11.79 10.85 10.09 9.44 8.43 7.73 7.24 6.87 6.51 6.12 5.92 6.15 7.79 11.00 7.37 3.69 1.57

229

230

H E I G H T V ELO C I T Y FO R A GE Girls

Heigth Velocity (cm/year) 42

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 0

Age (year)

HEIGHT VELOCITY FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Supine Length and Height Velocity (cm/year) for Age (months and years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1 (m) 2 (m) 3 (m) 6 (m) 9 (m) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 5.0 (y) 6.0 (y) 7.0 (y) 8.0 (y) 9.0 (y) 10.0 (y) 11.0 (y) 12.0 (y) 13.0 (y) 14.0 (y) 15.0 (y) 16.0 (y) 17.0 (y)

10.84 10.70 10.31 8.28 6.00 4.40 2.95 2.68 2.52 2.27 2.03 1.81 1.41 1.08 0.86 0.74 0.74 0.84 1.01 1.16 1.13 0.61 0.34 0.34 0.33

7.45 8.40 8.90 8.36 6.46 4.84 2.89 2.16 2.15 2.44 2.65 2.73 2.55 2.10 1.54 1.01 0.73 0.76 0.99 1.20 1.16 0.67 0.37 0.28 0.21

15.43 14.17 13.03 10.58 9.12 8.16 7.18 6.71 6.01 5.19 4.49 3.95 3.29 3.09 3.25 3.67 4.23 4.83 5.33 5.61 5.02 2.34 0.64 0.20 0.25

24.05 21.89 19.97 15.93 13.49 11.72 9.47 8.28 7.45 6.78 6.19 5.68 4.88 4.38 4.17 4.26 4.64 5.28 5.94 6.34 5.66 2.63 0.77 0.35 0.41

31.37 29.11 26.93 21.52 17.54 14.69 11.46 10.09 9.15 8.31 7.56 6.90 5.83 5.11 4.75 4.76 5.14 5.85 6.62 7.12 6.42 3.04 1.00 0.58 0.63

36.40 34.78 32.94 27.16 21.90 17.96 13.41 11.55 10.60 9.96 9.35 8.74 7.55 6.53 5.79 5.44 5.63 6.36 7.29 7.93 7.20 3.49 1.25 0.77 0.77

38.26 37.74 36.73 31.85 26.24 21.72 15.94 13.17 11.94 11.37 10.85 10.28 9.04 7.86 6.90 6.35 6.39 7.10 8.08 8.81 8.05 3.92 1.46 0.96 0.96

231

232

W E I G H T V ELO C I T Y FO R A GE Boys

Weight Velocity (kg/year) 21

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 0

Age (year)

WEIGHT VELOCITY FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Weight Velocity (kg/year) for Age (months and years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+ 1SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1 (m) 2 (m) 3 (m) 6 (m) 9 (m) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 5.0 (y) 6.0 (y) 7.0 (y) 8.0 (y) 9.0 (y) 10.0 (y) 11.0 (y) 12.0 (y) 13.0 (y) 14.0 (y) 15.0 (y) 16.0 (y) 17.0 (y)

3.41 3.13 2.86 2.21 1.72 1.36 0.95 0.80 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.80 0.77 0.71 0.62 0.58 0.55 0.58 0.65 0.76 1.04 1.61 1.01 0.50 0.41

3.70 3.26 2.90 2.25 1.90 1.61 1.20 0.96 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.87 0.80 0.71 0.65 0.61 0.65 0.79 0.92 1.01 1.17 1.67 0.99 0.56 0.49

8.47 6.90 5.63 3.26 2.19 1.62 1.32 1.46 1.39 1.18 1.03 0.97 1.06 1.34 1.71 2.04 2.22 2.24 2.40 3.11 4.91 6.95 4.04 1.82 0.66

10.69 8.69 7.12 4.34 3.23 2.59 2.02 1.91 1.77 1.60 1.49 1.46 1.55 1.79 2.09 2.35 2.48 2.47 2.67 3.50 5.53 7.72 4.50 2.07 0.90

12.99 10.80 9.05 5.83 4.39 3.51 2.66 2.45 2.30 2.14 2.04 2.00 2.07 2.27 2.51 2.74 2.85 2.86 3.11 4.01 6.23 8.81 5.18 2.41 1.18

15.49 13.00 11.01 7.35 5.67 4.60 3.47 3.10 2.90 2.74 2.64 2.59 2.61 2.75 2.95 3.15 3.29 3.39 3.73 4.69 7.02 9.94 5.85 2.79 1.51

17.75 14.98 12.77 8.76 6.96 5.77 4.40 3.83 3.51 3.30 3.16 3.08 3.05 3.17 3.35 3.55 3.69 3.80 4.18 5.23 7.85 11.25 6.58 3.14 1.75

233

234

W E I G H T V ELO C I T Y FO R A GE Girls

Weight Velocity (kg/year) 21

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 0

Age (year)

WEIGHT VELOCITY FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Weight Velocity (kg/year) for Age (months and years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1 (m) 2 (m) 3 (m) 6 (m) 9 (m) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 5.0 (y) 6.0 (y) 7.0 (y) 8.0 (y) 9.0 (y) 10.0 (y) 11.0 (y) 12.0 (y) 13.0 (y) 14.0 (y) 15.0 (y) 16.0 (y) 17.0 (y)

3.21 2.80 2.46 1.82 1.51 1.32 1.08 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.93 0.87 0.81 0.73 0.67 0.59 0.58 0.67 0.98 1.39 1.20 0.56 0.41 0.55

3.24 2.92 2.64 2.07 1.70 1.44 1.14 1.02 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.95 0.84 0.73 0.64 0.55 0.53 0.61 0.81 1.19 1.67 1.64 0.81 0.49 0.58

7.25 6.06 5.09 3.17 2.22 1.67 1.30 1.33 1.21 1.00 0.87 0.83 1.00 1.37 1.80 2.17 2.33 2.29 2.60 3.93 5.91 5.08 2.18 0.93 0.81

9.05 7.71 6.61 4.36 3.16 2.43 1.85 1.81 1.70 1.54 1.44 1.43 1.59 1.90 2.26 2.54 2.64 2.57 2.91 4.36 6.48 5.55 2.45 1.13 1.09

11.22 9.60 8.27 5.59 4.18 3.32 2.58 2.48 2.36 2.19 2.09 2.06 2.18 2.45 2.75 2.99 3.04 2.96 3.36 5.02 7.42 6.36 2.83 1.41 1.46

13.41 11.57 10.05 6.99 5.33 4.29 3.35 3.17 3.03 2.86 2.74 2.70 2.75 2.94 3.18 3.36 3.40 3.37 3.91 5.82 8.55 7.47 3.38 1.74 1.85

15.81 13.61 11.81 8.30 6.48 5.33 4.22 3.96 3.81 3.67 3.57 3.53 3.57 3.70 3.86 3.97 3.96 3.90 4.53 6.70 9.80 8.64 3.94 2.08 2.27

235

236

S I T T I N G HEI GHT V ELO C I T Y FO R A G E Boys

Sitting Height Velocity (cm/year) 42

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 0

Age (year)

SITTING HEIGHT VELOCITY FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Crown Rump Length and Sitting Height Velocity (cm/year) for Age (months and years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1 (m) 2 (m) 3 (m) 6 (m) 9 (m) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 5.0 (y) 6.0 (y) 7.0 (y) 8.0 (y) 9.0 (y) 10. (y) 11.0 (y) 12.0 (y) 13.0 (y) 14.0 (y) 15.0 (y) 16.0 (y) 17.0 (y)

12.34 11.05 9.87 6.84 4.73 3.54 2.73 2.39 2.06 1.78 1.53 1.30 0.93 0.65 0.49 0.39 0.36 0.40 0.47 0.62 0.81 0.93 0.77 0.68 0.53

12.34 11.35 10.36 7.53 5.33 4.01 3.04 2.53 2.13 1.81 1.54 1.32 1.05 0.90 0.81 0.74 0.61 0.37 0.28 0.56 1.10 0.99 0.90 0.56 0.13

8.88 7.88 6.96 4.64 3.06 2.21 1.76 1.65 1.53 1.40 1.28 1.16 0.94 0.76 0.65 0.63 0.72 0.96 1.40 2.13 3.06 3.53 3.02 2.17 1.17

16.74 14.80 12.98 8.41 5.31 3.67 2.95 2.86 2.73 2.56 2.36 2.14 1.68 1.25 0.90 0.72 0.76 1.08 1.66 2.45 3.37 3.95 3.34 2.50 1.49

25.07 22.26 19.64 13.03 8.50 6.06 4.79 4.47 4.12 3.76 3.39 3.02 2.31 1.69 1.23 0.98 1.00 1.35 1.98 2.87 3.92 4.58 3.86 2.96 1.85

33.40 29.92 26.63 18.11 12.10 8.77 6.84 6.18 5.56 4.98 4.43 3.91 3.02 2.30 1.78 1.48 1.41 1.60 2.17 3.25 4.66 5.25 4.47 3.34 1.94

38.08 35.51 32.67 23.55 15.91 11.55 8.93 8.01 7.16 6.39 5.70 5.07 4.00 3.18 2.56 2.13 1.86 1.79 2.20 3.45 5.31 5.82 4.93 3.80 2.31

237

238

S I T T I N G HEI GHT V ELO C I T Y FO R A G E Girls

Sitting Height Velocity (cm/year) 42

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 0

Age (year)

SITTING HEIGHT VELOCITY FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Crown Rump Length and Sitting Height Velocity (cm/year) for Age (months and years) for Girls Age

- 1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1 (m) 2 (m) 3 (m) 6 (m) 9 (m) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 5.0 (y) 6.0 (y) 7.0 (y) 8.0 (y) 9.0 (y) 10.0 (y) 11.0 (y) 12.0 (y) 13.0 (y) 14.0 (y) 15.0 (y) 16.0 (y) 17.0 (y)

12.06 10.90 9.73 6.52 4.12 2.84 2.27 2.19 2.10 1.97 1.81 1.64 1.27 0.92 0.62 0.46 0.44 0.59 0.74 0.62 0.27 0.28 0.40 0.46 0.37

10.62 10.21 9.63 7.44 5.36 4.07 3.07 2.55 2.09 1.70 1.41 1.16 0.81 0.65 0.59 0.61 0.64 0.65 0.67 0.70 0.70 0.50 0.50 0.58 0.47

9.43 8.48 7.56 5.11 3.34 2.36 1.82 1.67 1.52 1.39 1.27 1.17 1.03 1.00 1.09 1.31 1.71 2.22 2.54 2.32 1.66 1.79 1.55 0.88 0.22

16.24 14.35 12.62 8.29 5.39 3.85 3.12 2.99 2.82 2.64 2.45 2.25 1.88 1.59 1.45 1.51 1.85 2.44 2.87 2.67 1.89 1.97 1.88 1.40 0.71

24.38 21.71 19.19 12.69 8.17 5.77 4.65 4.47 4.24 3.97 3.67 3.36 2.74 2.21 1.87 1.82 2.15 2.84 3.37 3.09 2.07 2.16 2.15 1.71 0.96

31.55 28.60 25.69 17.71 11.79 8.52 6.72 6.19 5.65 5.12 4.62 4.14 3.29 2.65 2.27 2.23 2.58 3.28 3.82 3.56 2.54 2.50 2.49 2.10 1.28

36.61 34.33 31.70 22.92 15.40 11.16 8.82 8.11 7.42 6.74 6.09 5.47 4.36 3.49 2.93 2.73 2.97 3.59 4.11 3.89 2.96 2.93 2.91 2.47 1.53

239

240

S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H V ELO C I T Y F O R A G E Boys

Subischial Leg length Velocity (cm/year) 42

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 0

Age (year)

SU B I S C H I A L L E G L E N G T H V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length Velocity (cm/year) for Age (months and years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1 (m) 2 (m) 3 (m) 6 (m) 9 (m) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 5.0 (y) 6.0 (y) 7.0 (y) 8.0 (y) 9.0 (y) 10.0 (y) 11.0 (y) 12.0 (y) 13.0 (y) 14.0 (y) 15.0 (y) 16.0 (y) 17.0 (y)

13.21 12.15 11.07 7.93 5.48 4.06 3.08 2.65 2.28 1.97 1.70 1.47 1.11 0.87 0.73 0.64 0.56 0.49 0.44 0.49 0.64 0.74 0.37 0.44 0.62

12.06 11.78 11.27 8.89 6.40 4.84 3.54 2.86 2.28 1.81 1.44 1.14 0.80 0.67 0.67 0.68 0.65 0.50 0.39 0.46 0.80 0.90 0.52 0.37 0.33

5.47 4.82 4.33 3.61 3.44 3.32 3.08 2.88 2.72 2.59 2.50 2.44 2.39 2.39 2.41 2.42 2.37 2.27 2.27 2.56 3.13 3.20 2.03 0.76 -0.04

11.30 9.94 8.88 7.04 6.29 5.77 5.03 4.44 3.96 3.57 3.27 3.05 2.78 2.69 2.69 2.71 2.65 2.51 2.49 2.86 3.64 3.75 2.30 1.02 0.29

20.22 18.14 16.35 12.39 9.99 8.51 7.11 6.23 5.50 4.90 4.42 4.04 3.53 3.28 3.18 3.14 3.03 2.84 2.79 3.19 4.07 4.25 2.55 1.32 0.71

28.36 26.09 23.96 18.39 14.31 11.78 9.50 8.16 7.04 6.12 5.39 4.81 4.07 3.73 3.63 3.60 3.47 3.18 3.05 3.50 4.61 4.86 2.90 1.57 0.93

34.81 32.71 30.55 24.20 18.99 15.64 12.41 10.40 8.74 7.39 6.33 5.51 4.49 4.08 4.02 4.05 3.90 3.47 3.24 3.83 5.27 5.41 3.23 1.81 1.12

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242

S U B I S C HI A L LEG LENGT H V ELO C I T Y F O R A G E Girls

Subischial Leg length Velocity (cm/year) 42

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 0

Age (year)

SU B I S C H I A L L E G L E N G T H V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subischial Leg Length Velocity (cm/year) for Age (months and years) for Girls Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1 (m) 2 (m) 3 (m) 6 (m) 9 (m) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 5.0 (y) 6.0 (y) 7.0 (y) 8.0 (y) 9.0 (y) 10.0 (y) 11.0 (y) 12.0 (y) 13.0 (y) 14.0 (y) 15.0 (y) 16.0 (y) 17.0 (y)

13.21 11.81 10.58 7.67 5.76 4.56 3.41 2.68 2.07 1.61 1.26 0.99 0.71 0.65 0.71 0.80 0.81 0.67 0.50 0.47 0.58 0.39 0.21 0.25 0.30

12.25 11.81 11.17 8.79 6.49 5.02 3.70 2.93 2.30 1.76 1.35 1.02 0.59 0.43 0.41 0.47 0.50 0.46 0.41 0.46 0.56 0.37 0.24 0.31 0.34

5.64 4.54 3.81 3.21 3.60 3.74 3.38 2.95 2.63 2.41 2.27 2.21 2.28 2.50 2.78 3.03 3.14 3.05 2.79 2.40 1.87 1.12 0.79 0.63 0.41

10.72 9.24 8.17 6.74 6.54 6.27 5.40 4.60 3.98 3.51 3.18 2.97 2.85 2.99 3.26 3.50 3.58 3.40 3.05 2.68 2.23 1.32 0.95 0.85 0.63

19.64 17.21 15.31 11.92 10.43 9.35 7.70 6.41 5.38 4.60 4.03 3.64 3.33 3.43 3.74 4.04 4.13 3.85 3.39 3.00 2.62 1.58 1.09 1.02 0.83

27.91 25.18 22.85 17.85 14.81 12.74 10.20 8.39 6.93 5.79 4.94 4.33 3.73 3.72 4.02 4.36 4.47 4.16 3.67 3.31 3.00 1.83 1.25 1.23 1.06

34.66 32.19 29.87 23.83 19.29 16.22 12.76 10.41 8.50 7.01 5.88 5.08 4.25 4.18 4.52 4.93 5.04 4.65 4.05 3.68 3.41 2.03 1.40 1.40 1.21

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243

244

H E A D C I RC UM FERENC E V ELO C I T Y F O R A G E Boys

Head Circumference Velocity (cm/year) 35

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

Age (year)

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE VELOCITY FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Head Circumference Velocity (cm/year) for Age (months and years) for Boys Age 1 (m) 2 (m) 3 (m) 6 (m) 9 (m) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

7.38 5.94 4.79 2.79 2.15 1.94 0.95 0.40 0.76 0.62 0.58

8.07 6.50 5.26 2.98 2.21 1.96 1.13 0.59 0.67 0.58 0.65

14.99 12.18 9.84 5.19 3.06 2.20 1.30 0.84 0.52 0.26 0.40

19.79 16.00 12.89 6.85 4.29 3.31 1.92 1.16 0.96 0.62 0.57

24.77 20.01 16.12 8.73 5.74 4.62 2.56 1.43 1.47 1.04 0.96

30.22 24.40 19.67 10.74 7.23 5.94 3.32 1.83 1.92 1.43 1.40

34.61 28.37 23.24 13.24 8.91 7.09 4.20 2.63 2.40 1.76 1.73

245

246

H E A D C I RC UM FERENC E V ELO C I T Y F O R A G E Girls

Head Circumference Velocity (cm/year) 35

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

Age (year)

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE VELOCITY FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Head Circumference Velocity (cm/year) for Age (months and years) for Girls Age 1 (m) 2 (m) 3 (m) 6 (m) 9 (m) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

7.07 5.76 4.70 2.84 2.24 2.01 0.99 0.43 0.76 0.67 0.55

7.36 6.00 4.92 2.93 2.22 1.94 1.10 0.61 0.79 0.71 0.90

13.62 11.04 8.92 4.80 3.04 2.33 1.24 0.68 0.61 0.32 0.25

18.61 15.12 12.26 6.72 4.38 3.44 1.93 1.08 0.96 0.63 0.53

23.38 19.01 15.43 8.64 5.89 4.80 2.60 1.37 1.47 1.08 0.90

28.35 23.06 18.75 10.62 7.39 6.11 3.34 1.78 2.00 1.56 1.51

33.12 27.10 22.20 12.90 9.12 7.53 4.14 2.27 2.62 2.22 2.02

247

248

F OOT LENGT H V ELO C I T Y FO R A G E Boys

Foot Length Velocity (cm/year) 3.50

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00 6

Age (year)

FOOT LENGTH VELOCITY FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Foot Length Velocity (cm/year) for Age (years) for Boys Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11 (y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

0.70 0.62 0.65 0.77 0.89 0.98 0.98 0.84 0.55

1.19 0.80 0.73 0.86 1.10 1.32 1.44 1.33 0.87

0.38 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.37 0.31 0.19

0.70 0.65 0.66 0.70 0.75 0.77 0.74 0.62 0.38

1.17 1.07 1.10 1.22 1.35 1.43 1.40 1.19 0.75

1.97 1.61 1.59 1.80 2.09 2.32 2.37 2.09 1.34

2.90 2.32 2.28 2.58 3.01 3.37 3.45 3.06 1.97

249

250

F OOT LENGT H V ELO C I T Y FO R A G E Girls

Foot Length Velocity (cm/year) 3.50

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00 6

Age (year)

FOOT LENGTH VELOCITY FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Foot Length Velocity (cm/year) for Age (years) for Girls Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11 (y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

0.74 0.70 0.71 0.74 0.77 0.77 0.73 0.59 0.36

0.93 0.86 0.86 0.92 0.98 1.01 0.96 0.81 0.50

0.38 0.31 0.29 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.27 0.17

0.74 0.62 0.59 0.62 0.67 0.71 0.70 0.60 0.38

1.24 1.09 1.07 1.12 1.19 1.23 1.19 1.00 0.62

1.87 1.67 1.65 1.74 1.85 1.91 1.84 1.55 0.96

2.64 2.44 2.43 2.52 2.62 2.63 2.47 2.04 1.25

251

252

B I A C R O MI A L DI A M ET ER V ELO C I T Y F O R A G E Boys

Biacromal Diameter Velocity (cm/year) 7

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

BIACROMIAL DIAMETER VELOCITY FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biacromial Diameter Velocity (cm/year) for Age (years) for Boys Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11 (y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1.07 1.16 1.30 1.48 1.63 1.69 1.63 1.41 0.95

2.07 1.82 1.81 1.93 2.09 2.22 2.21 1.99 1.44

0.46 0.47 0.52 0.61 0.68 0.73 0.71 0.60 0.37

1.05 0.98 1.03 1.14 1.26 1.33 1.30 1.11 0.72

1.77 1.76 1.91 2.14 2.36 2.47 2.40 2.06 1.36

3.17 2.99 3.13 3.44 3.77 3.97 3.89 3.40 2.33

4.87 4.53 4.65 5.02 5.44 5.72 5.63 4.99 3.58

253

254

B I A C R O MI A L DI A M ET ER V ELO C I T Y F O R A G E Girls

Biacromal Diameter Velocity (cm/year) 7

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

BIACROMIAL DIAMETER VELOCITY FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biacromial Diameter Velocity (cm/year) for Age (years) for Girls Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11 (y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1.38 1.32 1.35 1.44 1.51 1.53 1.44 1.23 0.80

2.21 1.99 2.01 2.16 2.36 2.47 2.43 2.09 1.38

0.52 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.51 0.43 0.28

1.08 1.10 1.13 1.15 1.14 1.09 0.98 0.78 0.49

2.01 1.99 2.04 2.12 2.16 2.12 1.95 1.61 1.03

3.50 3.33 3.40 3.58 3.75 3.79 3.59 3.02 1.96

5.59 5.07 5.05 5.32 5.65 5.85 5.68 4.93 3.40

255

256

B I I L I A C A L DI A M ET ER V ELO C I T Y FO R A G E Boys

Biiliacal Diameter Velocity (cm/year) 7

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

BIILIACAL DIAMETER VELOCITY FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biiliacal Diameter Velocity (cm/year) for Age (years) for Boys Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11 (y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1.16 1.14 1.20 1.30 1.36 1.41 1.33 1.14 0.79

1.73 1.67 1.78 1.96 2.15 2.27 2.24 1.97 1.39

0.41 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.50 0.51 0.48 0.41 0.29

0.70 0.82 0.94 1.04 1.11 1.11 1.04 0.87 0.58

1.48 1.59 1.75 1.92 2.03 2.06 1.94 1.64 1.11

2.65 2.72 2.95 3.24 3.48 3.59 3.45 2.97 2.05

4.27 4.16 4.42 4.87 5.33 5.60 5.52 4.88 3.51

257

258

B I I L I A C A L DI A M ET ER V ELO C I T Y FO R A G E Girls

Biiliacal Diameter Velocity (cm/year) 7

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

BIILIACAL DIAMETER VELOCITY FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biiliacal Diameter Velocity (cm/year) for Age (years) for Girls Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11 (y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1.61 1.33 1.38 1.61 1.91 2.15 2.21 1.93 1.21

2.22 1.82 2.06 2.68 3.42 4.01 4.21 3.73 2.34

0.55 0.49 0.51 0.57 0.64 0.69 0.68 0.59 0.37

1.12 1.02 1.07 1.22 1.38 1.49 1.47 1.26 0.78

2.21 1.92 2.00 2.31 2.67 2.94 2.96 2.56 1.60

3.71 3.15 3.39 4.12 4.98 5.65 5.80 5.08 3.18

5.38 4.72 5.22 6.38 7.71 8.71 8.89 7.76 4.82

259

260

M I D U P P ER A RM C I RC UM FERENC E V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Boys

Mid Upper Arm Circumference Velocity (cm/year) 7

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

M I D UP P ER A R M C I R C U M F E R E N C E V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Mid Upper Arm Circumference Velocity for Age (years) for Boys Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11 (y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

0.79 0.92 1.04 1.13 1.21 1.27 1.32 1.35 1.38

1.10 1.45 1.63 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.72 1.84 2.09

0.30 0.38 0.43 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.46 0.43 0.39

0.63 0.75 0.84 0.91 0.95 0.98 1.00 1.01 1.01

1.16 1.37 1.54 1.67 1.77 1.84 1.89 1.92 1.94

1.90 2.35 2.64 2.81 2.91 2.98 3.05 3.16 3.35

2.81 3.45 3.86 4.12 4.27 4.37 4.47 4.63 4.90

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262

M I D U P P ER A RM C I RC UM FERENC E V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Girls

Mid Upper Arm Circumference Velocity (cm/year) 7

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

M I D UP P ER A R M C I R C U M F E R E N C E V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Mid Upper Arm Circumference Velocity for Age (years) for Girls Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11 (y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1.04 1.16 1.24 1.27 1.29 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.33

1.24 1.56 1.73 1.82 1.87 1.93 2.03 2.25 2.64

0.37 0.46 0.44 0.37 0.31 0.32 0.46 0.78 1.35

0.85 0.91 0.88 0.82 0.78 0.81 0.98 1.34 1.93

1.55 1.69 1.72 1.68 1.65 1.69 1.86 2.22 2.83

2.39 2.74 2.89 2.91 2.91 2.99 3.23 3.74 4.61

3.53 3.93 4.18 4.34 4.51 4.77 5.18 5.84 6.82

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264

265

CORRELATION CHARTS

266

C OR R E LA T I O N FO R HEI GHT Boys

Age (year) 1.00 .95 .90 .85 .80 .75

18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Age (year)

CORRELATION FOR HEIGHT Girls

Age (year) 1.00

.95 .90 .85

.80

.75

14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Age (year)

267

268

C OR R E LA T I O N FO R W EI GHT Boys

Age (year) 1.00

.95 .90 .85 .80 .75

17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Age (year)

CORRELATION FOR WEIGHT Girls

Age (year) 1.00

18 17

.95 .90 .85 .80 .75

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Age (year)

269

270

C OR R E LA T I O N FO R SI T T I NG HEI G H T Boys

Age (year) 1.00

.95 .90 .85 .80

.75

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Age (year)

CORRELATION FOR SITTING HEIGHT Girls

Age (year)

1.00

18 .95

.90 .85 .80 .75

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Age (year)

271

272

C OR R E LA T I O N FO R HEA D C I RC UM F E R E N C E Boys

Age (year) 1.00

.95

3.50

.90

3.00 .85

2.50

2.00

.80

1.50

.75

1.00

0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

Age (year)

CORRELATION FOR HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE Girls

Age (year) 1.00

.95

3.50

.90

3.00

.85

2.50

.80

2.00 .75

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

Age (year)

273

274

C OR R E LA T I O N FO R A RM SP A N Boys

Age (year) 1.00

.95 .90 .85 .80

.75

Age (year)

CORRELATION FOR ARM SPAN Girls

Age (year) 1.00

.95

.90 .85 .80 .75

Age (year)

275

276

C OR R E LA T I O N FO R FO O T LENGT H Boys

Age (year) 1.00 .95 .90 .85 .80 .75

Age (year)

CORRELATION FOR FOOT LENGTH Girls

Age (year) 1.00

18 .95 .90

.85 .80 .75

Age (year)

277

278

C OR R E LA T I O N FO R B I A C RO M I A L D I A M E T E R Boys

Age (year) 1.00

.95 .90 .85 .80 .75

Age (year)

CORRELATION FOR BIACROMIAL DIAMETER Girls

Age (year) 1.00

16 .95 .90 .85 .80 .75

Age (year)

279

280

C OR R E LA T I O N FO R B I I LI A C A L DI A M E T E R Boys

Age (year) 1.00

.95 .90 .85

.80 .75

Age (year)

CORRELATION FOR BIILIACAL DIAMETER Girls

Age (year) 1.00

18 .95 .90

.85

.80 .75

Age (year)

281

282

283

BODY COMPOSITION

284

B I C E P S SKI NFO LD T HI C KNESS FO R A G E Boys

Biceps Skinfold Thickness (mm)

P97 +2SD

P90

+1SD

P75 P50

P25 P10 P3

-1SD -2SD

0 0

Age (year)

BICEPS SKINFOLD THICKNESS FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biceps Skinfold Thickness (mm) for Age (years) for Boys Age 0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.96 1.95 1.94 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.74 1.66 1.57 1.47 1.37 1.28 1.22 1.17 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.14 1.18 1.22 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.26 1.23 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.04 0.98 0.93 0.89 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.80

1.90 1.90 1.88 1.86 1.82 1.77 1.71 1.65 1.57 1.48 1.40 1.34 1.31 1.29 1.30 1.34 1.40 1.48 1.58 1.69 1.76 1.81 1.84 1.83 1.80 1.74 1.66 1.55 1.43 1.33 1.24 1.16 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.99 0.98

3.10 3.09 3.08 3.06 3.04 3.00 2.96 2.92 2.86 2.80 2.74 2.68 2.63 2.58 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.46 2.44 2.43 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.43 2.45 2.47 2.49 2.52 2.55 2.58 2.60 2.62 2.64 2.65 2.66 2.66 2.67

4.27 4.26 4.24 4.21 4.15 4.09 4.01 3.91 3.80 3.68 3.56 3.45 3.36 3.28 3.22 3.18 3.15 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.18 3.19 3.19 3.19 3.18 3.18 3.17 3.17 3.16 3.16 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.15

5.47 5.46 5.42 5.37 5.29 5.19 5.07 4.93 4.76 4.58 4.39 4.23 4.10 4.00 3.92 3.87 3.84 3.84 3.87 3.90 3.93 3.95 3.96 3.95 3.94 3.92 3.89 3.85 3.80 3.76 3.73 3.70 3.68 3.66 3.65 3.64 3.64

6.78 6.77 6.72 6.65 6.54 6.40 6.24 6.04 5.81 5.56 5.31 5.09 4.92 4.78 4.68 4.62 4.59 4.61 4.66 4.72 4.77 4.79 4.80 4.79 4.77 4.72 4.66 4.58 4.50 4.42 4.36 4.30 4.26 4.22 4.20 4.18 4.17

8.06 8.04 7.98 7.89 7.76 7.59 7.39 7.14 6.87 6.55 6.25 5.99 5.79 5.64 5.55 5.51 5.53 5.60 5.72 5.85 5.95 6.01 6.03 6.02 5.97 5.89 5.77 5.62 5.45 5.31 5.18 5.08 4.99 4.92 4.88 4.85 4.83

9.22 9.19 9.13 9.02 8.87 8.67 8.43 8.15 7.82 7.46 7.10 6.81 6.59 6.43 6.35 6.33 6.38 6.50 6.69 6.88 7.02 7.11 7.15 7.14 7.07 6.96 6.78 6.56 6.33 6.12 5.94 5.79 5.66 5.56 5.50 5.45 5.42

10.36 10.33 10.26 10.13 9.96 9.73 9.46 9.14 8.76 8.34 7.94 7.61 7.37 7.21 7.13 7.14 7.22 7.39 7.64 7.89 8.08 8.20 8.25 8.24 8.15 8.00 7.78 7.49 7.18 6.92 6.68 6.48 6.32 6.19 6.10 6.05 6.01

285

286

B I C E P S SKI NFO LD T HI C KNESS FO R A G E Girls

Biceps Skinfold Thickness (mm)

+2SD P97

P90

+1SD P75

8 P50

P25 -1SD P10

4 P3

-2SD

0 0

Age (year)

BICEPS SKINFOLD THICKNESS FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biceps Skinfold Thickness (mm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 0.0 (y) 0.5 (y) 1.0 (y) 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

2.02 2.02 2.00 1.98 1.94 1.89 1.83 1.77 1.69 1.60 1.52 1.45 1.41 1.39 1.40 1.42 1.47 1.54 1.63 1.73 1.81 1.89 1.95 2.01 2.05 2.09 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.14 2.15 2.15 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16

1.93 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.88 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.74 1.75 1.79 1.85 1.92 2.02 2.14 2.28 2.41 2.53 2.63 2.71 2.77 2.81 2.83 2.83 2.81 2.79 2.76 2.74 2.72 2.71 2.70 2.69 2.68 2.68

2.89 2.89 2.90 2.92 2.94 2.97 3.00 3.04 3.09 3.15 3.19 3.23 3.24 3.24 3.23 3.19 3.14 3.08 2.99 2.91 2.84 2.79 2.75 2.73 2.72 2.73 2.76 2.79 2.84 2.88 2.91 2.94 2.97 2.98 3.00 3.01 3.01

4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.09 4.08 4.06 4.05 4.02 4.00 3.97 3.94 3.93 3.92 3.92 3.93 3.95 3.98 4.02 4.07 4.12 4.16 4.20 4.23 4.26 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31

5.34 5.33 5.32 5.31 5.28 5.26 5.22 5.18 5.13 5.08 5.03 4.99 4.95 4.93 4.92 4.91 4.92 4.94 4.96 5.00 5.03 5.07 5.11 5.16 5.20 5.25 5.31 5.36 5.42 5.47 5.51 5.54 5.57 5.59 5.61 5.62 5.63

6.69 6.68 6.66 6.63 6.58 6.52 6.45 6.36 6.26 6.15 6.04 5.96 5.90 5.87 5.85 5.87 5.91 5.97 6.06 6.15 6.25 6.34 6.42 6.50 6.58 6.65 6.72 6.79 6.85 6.90 6.94 6.98 7.01 7.04 7.06 7.07 7.07

7.99 7.98 7.95 7.91 7.86 7.78 7.70 7.59 7.47 7.34 7.21 7.12 7.08 7.06 7.09 7.16 7.26 7.40 7.58 7.77 7.94 8.10 8.24 8.36 8.46 8.55 8.62 8.67 8.71 8.75 8.78 8.81 8.83 8.84 8.86 8.86 8.87

9.16 9.15 9.13 9.08 9.01 8.93 8.83 8.71 8.57 8.42 8.28 8.18 8.15 8.16 8.22 8.33 8.49 8.71 8.97 9.24 9.49 9.71 9.89 10.05 10.18 10.28 10.35 10.39 10.41 10.43 10.45 10.47 10.48 10.49 10.50 10.50 10.50

10.32 10.31 10.28 10.23 10.15 10.06 9.95 9.81 9.65 9.48 9.32 9.22 9.20 9.23 9.32 9.48 9.71 9.99 10.34 10.69 11.01 11.29 11.52 11.71 11.87 11.98 12.05 12.08 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.10 12.10 12.11 12.11 12.11 12.11

287

288

T R I C E P S SKI NFO LD T HI C KNESS FO R A G E Boys

Triceps Skinfold Thickness (mm)

P97

+2SD

P90 +1SD

P75 P50 P25

P10 P3

-1SD -2SD

0 0

Age (year)

TRICEPS SKINFOLD THICKNESS FOR AGE Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Triceps Skinfold Thickness (mm) for Age (years) for Boys Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

2.48 2.44 2.40 2.34 2.28 2.20 2.12 2.04 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.87 1.87 1.89 1.92 1.96 2.01 2.04 2.06 2.07 2.06 2.04 2.00 1.95 1.89 1.83 1.77 1.72 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.59 1.58 1.57

2.92 2.81 2.68 2.52 2.32 2.10 1.85 1.61 1.43 1.32 1.26 1.27 1.34 1.48 1.67 1.92 2.19 2.41 2.59 2.73 2.83 2.88 2.90 2.87 2.80 2.71 2.63 2.57 2.51 2.46 2.43 2.40 2.39 2.37

5.06 5.02 4.97 4.92 4.85 4.76 4.67 4.58 4.51 4.44 4.39 4.35 4.32 4.30 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.33 4.33 4.33 4.32 4.31 4.29 4.27 4.25 4.23 4.21 4.20 4.19 4.18 4.17 4.17 4.17

6.55 6.49 6.41 6.32 6.21 6.09 5.95 5.81 5.69 5.60 5.52 5.47 5.44 5.43 5.45 5.49 5.53 5.56 5.57 5.58 5.57 5.55 5.51 5.47 5.41 5.35 5.29 5.24 5.20 5.17 5.15 5.13 5.12 5.11

8.06 7.98 7.88 7.75 7.60 7.43 7.24 7.05 6.89 6.77 6.68 6.61 6.58 6.59 6.62 6.68 6.75 6.80 6.83 6.84 6.82 6.79 6.74 6.66 6.56 6.46 6.37 6.29 6.23 6.17 6.13 6.10 6.08 6.07

9.72 9.61 9.48 9.32 9.13 8.91 8.66 8.42 8.22 8.06 7.94 7.87 7.84 7.85 7.90 8.00 8.10 8.17 8.21 8.23 8.21 8.16 8.08 7.97 7.83 7.68 7.55 7.44 7.35 7.27 7.21 7.17 7.14 7.12

11.68 11.50 11.28 11.01 10.68 10.31 9.90 9.50 9.17 8.94 8.79 8.72 8.74 8.84 9.02 9.29 9.57 9.79 9.95 10.06 10.10 10.09 10.02 9.89 9.70 9.50 9.32 9.16 9.03 8.92 8.84 8.78 8.74 8.71

13.46 13.22 12.91 12.54 12.10 11.59 11.02 10.48 10.05 9.75 9.56 9.49 9.56 9.74 10.04 10.46 10.90 11.26 11.53 11.72 11.83 11.85 11.79 11.64 11.41 11.15 10.93 10.73 10.56 10.42 10.32 10.24 10.20 10.16

15.21 14.91 14.52 14.05 13.49 12.85 12.13 11.44 10.90 10.54 10.32 10.26 10.37 10.62 11.04 11.62 12.21 12.70 13.08 13.36 13.52 13.58 13.53 13.36 13.08 12.78 12.51 12.27 12.07 11.90 11.77 11.68 11.63 11.59

289

290

T R I C E P S SKI NFO LD T HI C KNESS FO R A G E Girls

Triceps Skinfold Thickness (mm)

+2SD

P97

P90 +1SD

P75

15 P50

12 P25 -1SD

P10

-2SD

0 0

Age (year)

TRICEPS SKINFOLD THICKNESS FOR AGE Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Triceps Skinfold Thickness (mm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

2.41 2.39 2.37 2.34 2.30 2.27 2.22 2.19 2.17 2.19 2.22 2.28 2.36 2.47 2.60 2.75 2.91 3.06 3.21 3.35 3.48 3.61 3.72 3.84 3.94 4.03 4.12 4.19 4.25 4.30 4.34 4.37 4.39 4.40

2.57 2.55 2.51 2.47 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.24 2.21 2.22 2.25 2.31 2.40 2.52 2.67 2.85 3.04 3.22 3.40 3.58 3.75 3.91 4.08 4.23 4.38 4.52 4.65 4.75 4.85 4.92 4.98 5.02 5.04 5.06

4.87 4.92 4.99 5.07 5.17 5.29 5.42 5.53 5.59 5.61 5.57 5.49 5.35 5.17 4.94 4.67 4.40 4.19 4.06 3.98 3.98 4.04 4.17 4.36 4.62 4.90 5.14 5.35 5.53 5.68 5.80 5.88 5.93 5.96

6.31 6.36 6.41 6.48 6.56 6.65 6.75 6.84 6.90 6.92 6.90 6.86 6.77 6.65 6.50 6.32 6.14 6.03 5.98 5.99 6.07 6.20 6.40 6.67 6.99 7.32 7.61 7.87 8.09 8.26 8.40 8.50 8.56 8.60

7.78 7.82 7.86 7.90 7.96 8.03 8.10 8.17 8.22 8.25 8.26 8.25 8.21 8.16 8.09 7.99 7.92 7.90 7.94 8.03 8.19 8.40 8.67 9.00 9.39 9.78 10.12 10.43 10.68 10.89 11.05 11.17 11.23 11.29

9.40 9.42 9.44 9.47 9.51 9.55 9.59 9.64 9.68 9.72 9.75 9.77 9.80 9.81 9.82 9.83 9.86 9.95 10.09 10.28 10.52 10.82 11.17 11.57 12.03 12.48 12.88 13.23 13.53 13.77 13.96 14.09 14.17 14.23

11.12 11.12 11.12 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.14 11.16 11.20 11.26 11.32 11.41 11.50 11.61 11.74 11.90 12.11 12.37 12.67 13.03 13.44 13.90 14.41 14.97 15.51 16.00 16.42 16.78 17.07 17.30 17.46 17.55 17.62

12.69 12.68 12.66 12.63 12.60 12.57 12.53 12.51 12.51 12.56 12.63 12.73 12.87 13.04 13.24 13.48 13.75 14.07 14.44 14.86 15.32 15.83 16.38 16.99 17.64 18.27 18.83 19.32 19.73 20.07 20.33 20.52 20.63 20.71

14.23 14.20 14.16 14.11 14.05 13.98 13.91 13.85 13.84 13.89 13.98 14.12 14.31 14.56 14.85 15.19 15.57 16.01 16.48 17.00 17.57 18.18 18.83 19.53 20.27 20.99 21.62 22.17 22.64 23.02 23.32 23.53 23.65 23.75

291

292

S U B S C A P ULA R SKI NFO LD T HI C KNE S S F O R A G E Boys

Subscapular Skinfold Thickness (mm)

P97

+2SD

P90 +1SD P75

P50 P25

-1SD P10 P3

-2SD

0 0

Age (year)

SU B S C A P U L A R S K I N F O L D T H I C K N E S S F O R A G E Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subscapular Skinfold Thickness (mm) for Age (years) for Boys Age

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.39 1.35 1.30 1.24 1.17 1.08 0.99 0.90 0.82 0.77 0.74 0.72 0.73 0.75 0.79 0.85 0.92 0.98 1.03 1.07 1.11 1.14 1.15 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16

1.59 1.56 1.51 1.45 1.38 1.30 1.21 1.13 1.06 1.02 1.00 0.99 1.01 1.04 1.10 1.18 1.26 1.33 1.38 1.43 1.47 1.49 1.51 1.51 1.50 1.48 1.47 1.46 1.45 1.44 1.44 1.43 1.43 1.43

3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.36 3.38 3.40 3.41 3.43 3.44 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.44 3.43 3.45 3.49 3.54 3.61 3.70 3.81 3.94 4.08 4.23 4.36 4.47 4.57 4.64 4.70 4.75 4.77 4.79

4.15 4.13 4.11 4.09 4.06 4.03 3.99 3.95 3.93 3.91 3.89 3.89 3.89 3.90 3.92 3.95 3.99 4.04 4.10 4.18 4.28 4.38 4.50 4.64 4.78 4.93 5.06 5.17 5.27 5.34 5.40 5.45 5.47 5.49

5.00 4.96 4.91 4.85 4.77 4.69 4.59 4.50 4.43 4.38 4.34 4.33 4.34 4.36 4.41 4.47 4.55 4.64 4.73 4.84 4.95 5.07 5.21 5.35 5.50 5.64 5.77 5.88 5.98 6.05 6.11 6.16 6.18 6.20

5.93 5.86 5.78 5.68 5.55 5.41 5.26 5.10 4.98 4.89 4.84 4.81 4.82 4.86 4.94 5.04 5.16 5.29 5.42 5.56 5.69 5.84 5.98 6.13 6.28 6.42 6.55 6.66 6.76 6.83 6.89 6.94 6.96 6.98

7.00 6.91 6.79 6.65 6.48 6.29 6.07 5.86 5.69 5.58 5.51 5.48 5.50 5.56 5.67 5.83 6.01 6.18 6.35 6.52 6.68 6.84 6.99 7.14 7.28 7.42 7.54 7.64 7.73 7.80 7.86 7.90 7.92 7.94

7.97 7.86 7.71 7.53 7.32 7.08 6.81 6.55 6.34 6.20 6.11 6.08 6.11 6.20 6.34 6.55 6.77 6.99 7.19 7.39 7.57 7.75 7.91 8.06 8.20 8.33 8.44 8.53 8.62 8.68 8.74 8.77 8.80 8.81

8.93 8.79 8.62 8.41 8.15 7.86 7.54 7.23 6.98 6.81 6.71 6.68 6.72 6.83 7.01 7.25 7.53 7.78 8.02 8.25 8.45 8.64 8.81 8.96 9.10 9.22 9.32 9.41 9.49 9.55 9.60 9.63 9.66 9.67

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

293

294

S U B S C A P ULA R SKI NFO LD T HI C KNE S S F O R A G E Girls

Subscapular Skinfold Thickness (mm)

16 P97

+2SD

14 P90 +1SD

P75

P50

P25

8 -1SD P10

6 P3 -2SD

0 0

Age (year)

SU B S C A P U L A R S K I N F O L D T H I C K N E S S F O R A G E Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subscapular Skinfold Thickness (mm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.32 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.14 1.13 1.13 1.14 1.16 1.19 1.23 1.28 1.34 1.41 1.48 1.57 1.66 1.77 1.88 2.00 2.14 2.26 2.38 2.48 2.56 2.63 2.68 2.72 2.74 2.76

1.91 1.88 1.84 1.80 1.74 1.68 1.61 1.56 1.53 1.55 1.59 1.67 1.79 1.94 2.12 2.34 2.56 2.74 2.88 2.98 3.05 3.07 3.06 3.01 2.92 2.82 2.73 2.65 2.59 2.53 2.49 2.46 2.44 2.43

3.46 3.45 3.45 3.44 3.44 3.43 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.43 3.46 3.49 3.53 3.58 3.64 3.70 3.78 3.86 3.94 4.03 4.12 4.21 4.31 4.42 4.52 4.63 4.72 4.80 4.87 4.92 4.96 4.99 5.01 5.02

4.25 4.24 4.22 4.20 4.18 4.16 4.13 4.11 4.10 4.11 4.13 4.17 4.23 4.29 4.37 4.47 4.58 4.70 4.83 4.97 5.12 5.27 5.44 5.62 5.81 5.99 6.15 6.28 6.40 6.50 6.57 6.63 6.66 6.68

5.05 5.03 5.01 4.98 4.94 4.90 4.86 4.82 4.80 4.80 4.82 4.87 4.93 5.02 5.12 5.25 5.40 5.56 5.73 5.92 6.13 6.35 6.59 6.84 7.11 7.37 7.60 7.80 7.96 8.10 8.21 8.28 8.33 8.36

5.94 5.91 5.87 5.83 5.78 5.72 5.65 5.59 5.56 5.56 5.58 5.63 5.71 5.82 5.95 6.11 6.29 6.50 6.73 6.97 7.25 7.54 7.85 8.19 8.54 8.89 9.19 9.46 9.68 9.86 10.01 10.11 10.17 10.21

7.22 7.17 7.11 7.03 6.95 6.84 6.73 6.64 6.59 6.60 6.65 6.75 6.91 7.12 7.37 7.68 8.01 8.33 8.66 8.97 9.29 9.60 9.90 10.20 10.50 10.78 11.02 11.23 11.41 11.56 11.68 11.76 11.80 11.84

8.38 8.31 8.23 8.13 8.01 7.87 7.72 7.59 7.52 7.54 7.62 7.77 8.00 8.30 8.67 9.11 9.57 10.00 10.41 10.79 11.14 11.47 11.77 12.04 12.28 12.50 12.69 12.85 12.99 13.10 13.19 13.26 13.30 13.32

9.53 9.44 9.34 9.21 9.05 8.88 8.68 8.52 8.44 8.47 8.58 8.78 9.08 9.46 9.94 10.51 11.10 11.65 12.14 12.58 12.97 13.31 13.60 13.84 14.03 14.19 14.32 14.44 14.54 14.62 14.69 14.73 14.76 14.78

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

295

296

S U P R A I LI A C A L SKI NFO LD T HI C KN E S S F O R A G E Boys

Suprailiacal Skinfold Thickness (mm)

P97

+2SD

P90 +1SD P75

P50

P25 -1SD P10 P3

-2SD

0 0

Age (year)

SU P R A I L I A C A L S K I N F O L D T H I C K N E S S F O R A G E Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Suprailiacal Skinfold Thickness (mm) for Age (years) for Boys Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.59 1.57 1.54 1.50 1.46 1.42 1.37 1.33 1.32 1.35 1.41 1.50 1.63 1.79 1.98 2.21 2.43 2.63 2.79 2.91 3.01 3.07 3.10 3.09 3.06 3.01 2.96 2.92 2.89 2.86 2.84 2.83 2.82 2.81

2.15 2.12 2.07 2.01 1.94 1.87 1.78 1.71 1.67 1.67 1.72 1.80 1.92 2.09 2.29 2.53 2.77 2.99 3.17 3.33 3.45 3.55 3.62 3.65 3.66 3.65 3.64 3.63 3.63 3.62 3.62 3.62 3.62 3.62

1.88 1.95 2.04 2.15 2.28 2.43 2.60 2.76 2.89 2.99 3.05 3.08 3.06 3.02 2.95 2.83 2.73 2.65 2.62 2.63 2.67 2.76 2.88 3.04 3.24 3.45 3.63 3.79 3.92 4.03 4.12 4.18 4.21 4.24

2.83 2.89 2.96 3.05 3.16 3.28 3.42 3.56 3.69 3.80 3.89 3.98 4.04 4.10 4.14 4.16 4.19 4.23 4.29 4.38 4.48 4.60 4.74 4.90 5.08 5.25 5.41 5.54 5.66 5.75 5.82 5.87 5.91 5.93

3.80 3.84 3.90 3.97 4.05 4.15 4.25 4.37 4.49 4.62 4.76 4.89 5.04 5.19 5.35 5.51 5.67 5.83 5.99 6.15 6.31 6.47 6.63 6.78 6.94 7.09 7.21 7.32 7.42 7.50 7.56 7.60 7.62 7.64

4.86 4.89 4.93 4.98 5.03 5.10 5.17 5.26 5.38 5.53 5.70 5.90 6.13 6.39 6.67 6.99 7.30 7.59 7.86 8.11 8.33 8.53 8.71 8.86 8.99 9.10 9.20 9.28 9.36 9.41 9.46 9.49 9.51 9.53

6.30 6.31 6.32 6.33 6.34 6.35 6.36 6.40 6.50 6.65 6.85 7.11 7.42 7.79 8.21 8.68 9.16 9.59 9.99 10.34 10.64 10.91 11.13 11.30 11.44 11.54 11.64 11.72 11.79 11.84 11.89 11.92 11.94 11.95

7.62 7.60 7.58 7.55 7.52 7.49 7.45 7.44 7.51 7.67 7.90 8.21 8.60 9.06 9.60 10.22 10.85 11.41 11.92 12.37 12.75 13.07 13.33 13.53 13.67 13.77 13.86 13.94 14.00 14.05 14.10 14.12 14.14 14.16

8.91 8.87 8.82 8.76 8.69 8.61 8.51 8.47 8.51 8.67 8.93 9.28 9.75 10.31 10.97 11.74 12.51 13.21 13.82 14.37 14.82 15.20 15.50 15.72 15.86 15.96 16.04 16.12 16.18 16.23 16.27 16.30 16.31 16.33

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

297

298

S U P R A I LI A C A L SKI NFO LD T HI C KN E S S F O R A G E Girls

Suprailiacal Skinfold Thickness (mm)

+2SD P97

28 P90

+1SD

P75

P50

P25 -1SD P10

P3 -2SD

0 0

Age (year)

SU P R A I L I A C A L S K I N F O L D T H I C K N E S S F O R A G E Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Suprailiacal Skinfold Thickness (mm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.53 1.57 1.65 1.79 1.98 2.21 2.49 2.82 3.20 3.62 4.04 4.41 4.73 5.00 5.22 5.38 5.50 5.56 5.57 5.56 5.55 5.54 5.53 5.53 5.52 5.52 5.51 5.51

2.50 2.47 2.43 2.39 2.34 2.28 2.21 2.19 2.23 2.36 2.57 2.86 3.24 3.69 4.22 4.83 5.45 6.00 6.48 6.90 7.24 7.52 7.74 7.88 7.96 8.00 8.04 8.07 8.09 8.12 8.13 8.15 8.15 8.16

2.22 2.30 2.41 2.54 2.69 2.87 3.07 3.25 3.38 3.43 3.43 3.36 3.23 3.04 2.79 2.47 2.17 1.96 1.83 1.79 1.84 1.98 2.20 2.52 2.92 3.34 3.71 4.04 4.31 4.54 4.71 4.83 4.91 4.96

3.10 3.18 3.29 3.43 3.59 3.78 3.99 4.19 4.37 4.51 4.61 4.69 4.73 4.73 4.70 4.64 4.60 4.60 4.67 4.79 4.97 5.21 5.50 5.86 6.27 6.68 7.05 7.36 7.63 7.85 8.02 8.14 8.22 8.27

3.99 4.08 4.20 4.34 4.51 4.70 4.92 5.15 5.38 5.60 5.82 6.03 6.24 6.45 6.65 6.85 7.06 7.30 7.56 7.84 8.16 8.50 8.86 9.25 9.67 10.07 10.43 10.74 11.01 11.22 11.39 11.51 11.58 11.63

4.97 5.06 5.18 5.33 5.51 5.71 5.94 6.20 6.49 6.80 7.14 7.51 7.91 8.34 8.79 9.28 9.77 10.25 10.73 11.20 11.65 12.10 12.55 12.98 13.40 13.80 14.15 14.46 14.71 14.92 15.09 15.20 15.27 15.33

6.64 6.72 6.82 6.94 7.08 7.24 7.43 7.67 7.98 8.39 8.87 9.43 10.08 10.81 11.62 12.51 13.42 14.27 15.07 15.82 16.51 17.14 17.73 18.26 18.74 19.16 19.54 19.86 20.14 20.36 20.54 20.66 20.74 20.79

8.16 8.22 8.30 8.39 8.50 8.63 8.78 9.00 9.34 9.83 10.44 11.18 12.06 13.06 14.19 15.46 16.74 17.93 19.02 20.02 20.92 21.73 22.45 23.07 23.59 24.04 24.44 24.78 25.08 25.31 25.50 25.63 25.71 25.77

9.66 9.71 9.76 9.83 9.91 10.00 10.11 10.31 10.68 11.25 11.98 12.89 14.00 15.27 16.72 18.35 20.01 21.52 22.91 24.16 25.27 26.25 27.10 27.79 28.37 28.85 29.26 29.63 29.93 30.18 30.38 30.52 30.60 30.66

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

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300

S U M OF FO UR SKI NFO LDS T HI C KN E S S E S F O R A G E Boys

Sum of Four Skinfolds Thicknesses (mm)

P97

+2SD

40 P90 +1SD P75

P50 P25 -1SD P10

-2SD

10 0

Age (year)

SUM O F F O U R S K I N F O L D S T H I C K N E S S E S F O R A G E Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Sum of Four Skinfolds Thicknesses (mm) for Age (years) for Boys Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

5.20 5.13 5.05 4.94 4.81 4.67 4.51 4.36 4.27 4.24 4.27 4.36 4.50 4.70 4.96 5.28 5.60 5.87 6.09 6.26 6.37 6.43 6.44 6.39 6.30 6.19 6.09 6.00 5.93 5.87 5.82 5.79 5.77 5.75

7.69 7.47 7.19 6.84 6.43 5.96 5.43 4.94 4.59 4.39 4.33 4.42 4.66 5.04 5.56 6.23 6.92 7.50 7.97 8.34 8.60 8.74 8.79 8.71 8.54 8.33 8.13 7.96 7.82 7.71 7.62 7.55 7.51 7.49

17.47 17.36 17.22 17.05 16.85 16.62 16.36 16.10 15.86 15.64 15.45 15.28 15.14 15.01 14.92 14.85 14.80 14.80 14.84 14.91 15.03 15.19 15.38 15.61 15.89 16.16 16.40 16.62 16.80 16.94 17.06 17.14 17.19 17.22

20.59 20.44 20.25 20.02 19.74 19.42 19.07 18.72 18.42 18.19 18.01 17.89 17.84 17.84 17.90 18.01 18.16 18.32 18.49 18.67 18.85 19.04 19.24 19.45 19.67 19.87 20.06 20.22 20.35 20.46 20.55 20.61 20.65 20.67

23.76 23.57 23.33 23.03 22.67 22.27 21.81 21.38 21.02 20.78 20.62 20.55 20.58 20.71 20.92 21.24 21.58 21.90 22.20 22.48 22.73 22.96 23.17 23.35 23.51 23.65 23.77 23.88 23.97 24.04 24.10 24.14 24.16 24.18

27.25 27.01 26.71 26.34 25.90 25.40 24.83 24.30 23.89 23.62 23.48 23.47 23.60 23.86 24.25 24.77 25.33 25.84 26.28 26.67 27.00 27.27 27.49 27.64 27.73 27.80 27.85 27.90 27.94 27.97 28.00 28.02 28.03 28.04

32.40 32.01 31.52 30.92 30.21 29.39 28.47 27.61 26.96 26.56 26.38 26.43 26.72 27.24 27.98 28.95 29.97 30.86 31.62 32.26 32.76 33.13 33.37 33.47 33.45 33.38 33.30 33.24 33.18 33.14 33.10 33.08 33.06 33.05

37.09 36.57 35.91 35.09 34.13 33.03 31.78 30.62 29.75 29.24 29.03 29.12 29.57 30.31 31.37 32.75 34.19 35.44 36.49 37.35 38.00 38.46 38.74 38.79 38.66 38.45 38.26 38.10 37.95 37.84 37.75 37.69 37.65 37.62

41.71 41.05 40.22 39.20 37.99 36.60 35.04 33.59 32.51 31.87 31.63 31.77 32.36 33.33 34.71 36.49 38.34 39.94 41.27 42.36 43.16 43.71 44.01 44.02 43.79 43.45 43.14 42.87 42.65 42.46 42.32 42.22 42.16 42.11

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

301

302

S U M OF FO UR SKI NFO LDS T HI C KN E S S E S F O R A G E Girls

Sum of Four Skinfolds Thicknesses (mm)

80 +2SD P97

70 P90 +1SD

60 P75

50 P50

40 P25 -1SD

P10

-2SD

10 0

Age (year)

SUM O F F O U R S K I N F O L D S T H I C K N E S S E S F O R A G E Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Sum of Four Skinfolds Thicknesses (mm) for Age (years) for Girls Age 1.5 (y) 2.0 (y) 2.5 (y) 3.0 (y) 3.5 (y) 4.0 (y) 4.5 (y) 5.0 (y) 5.5 (y) 6.0 (y) 6.5 (y) 7.0 (y) 7.5 (y) 8.0 (y) 8.5 (y) 9.0 (y) 9.5 (y) 10.0 (y) 10.5 (y) 11.0 (y) 11.5 (y) 12.0 (y) 12.5 (y) 13.0 (y) 13.5 (y) 14.0 (y) 14.5 (y) 15.0 (y) 15.5 (y) 16.0 (y) 16.5 (y) 17.0 (y) 17.5 (y) 18.0 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

P97

5.77 5.76 5.74 5.72 5.70 5.68 5.65 5.66 5.74 5.89 6.11 6.39 6.76 7.19 7.69 8.26 8.86 9.43 9.97 10.48 10.97 11.43 11.87 12.27 12.65 12.99 13.30 13.56 13.78 13.97 14.11 14.21 14.27 14.31

7.41 7.29 7.15 6.97 6.75 6.51 6.23 6.02 5.95 6.06 6.31 6.72 7.29 8.02 8.90 9.94 10.99 11.90 12.67 13.32 13.82 14.18 14.42 14.50 14.46 14.36 14.26 14.18 14.11 14.05 14.00 13.97 13.95 13.94

16.57 16.61 16.66 16.72 16.80 16.88 16.97 17.05 17.08 17.06 16.99 16.87 16.69 16.48 16.21 15.90 15.61 15.43 15.36 15.40 15.55 15.80 16.16 16.64 17.22 17.81 18.34 18.80 19.19 19.51 19.76 19.93 20.04 20.11

20.03 20.06 20.11 20.16 20.22 20.29 20.37 20.45 20.52 20.59 20.65 20.70 20.75 20.79 20.82 20.85 20.92 21.09 21.34 21.69 22.13 22.66 23.28 24.00 24.81 25.61 26.32 26.94 27.46 27.89 28.22 28.46 28.60 28.70

23.55 23.58 23.61 23.65 23.70 23.75 23.82 23.90 24.02 24.18 24.37 24.60 24.87 25.18 25.52 25.90 26.33 26.84 27.43 28.08 28.82 29.63 30.52 31.49 32.52 33.54 34.43 35.21 35.87 36.41 36.83 37.12 37.30 37.44

27.42 27.43 27.46 27.49 27.52 27.56 27.60 27.69 27.86 28.12 28.46 28.89 29.40 29.99 30.67 31.43 32.26 33.15 34.10 35.11 36.17 37.29 38.47 39.71 41.00 42.24 43.34 44.30 45.10 45.76 46.28 46.65 46.86 47.03

32.38 32.32 32.25 32.15 32.04 31.92 31.78 31.73 31.85 32.18 32.69 33.39 34.29 35.36 36.63 38.09 39.62 41.13 42.60 44.03 45.43 46.80 48.13 49.42 50.69 51.86 52.89 53.80 54.56 55.18 55.67 56.01 56.21 56.37

36.90 36.77 36.61 36.40 36.16 35.88 35.58 35.40 35.48 35.87 36.54 37.48 38.74 40.25 42.06 44.15 46.32 48.38 50.33 52.16 53.86 55.45 56.92 58.27 59.51 60.62 61.59 62.44 63.16 63.75 64.21 64.53 64.73 64.87

41.35 41.15 40.89 40.58 40.21 39.79 39.32 39.01 39.05 39.51 40.33 41.51 43.11 45.07 47.40 50.12 52.92 55.52 57.93 60.15 62.15 63.96 65.58 66.97 68.18 69.23 70.15 70.95 71.63 72.18 72.61 72.92 73.10 73.23

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

303

304

B I C E P S SKI NFO LD T HI C KNESS V EL O C I T Y F O R A G E Boys

Biceps Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/year) 14

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

B I C EP S S K I N F O L D T H I C K N E S S V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biceps Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/y) for Age (years) for Boys Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11 (y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1.76 1.78 2.01 2.24 2.24 1.85 1.36 1.30 2.18

2.46 2.70 3.41 4.07 4.16 3.26 2.00 1.78 4.01

0.45 0.41 0.47 0.56 0.61 0.57 0.46 0.39 0.46

0.92 0.90 1.08 1.30 1.40 1.22 0.90 0.76 1.12

2.11 2.10 2.44 2.81 2.91 2.47 1.82 1.64 2.59

3.77 3.92 4.74 5.56 5.72 4.67 3.17 2.84 5.30

6.66 6.24 7.34 8.77 9.34 8.01 5.76 4.86 7.57

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

305

306

B I C E P S SKI NFO LD T HI C KNESS V EL O C I T Y F O R A G E Girls

Biceps Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/year) 14

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

B I C EP S S K I N F O L D T H I C K N E S S V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Biceps Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/y) for Age (years) for Girls Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11 (y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

2.24 2.62 2.62 2.65 2.92 3.29 3.64 3.90 4.40

4.76 4.52 4.06 4.24 5.23 6.13 5.88 4.27 2.89

0.57 0.58 0.58 0.61 0.68 0.73 0.70 0.60 0.66

1.57 1.50 1.35 1.28 1.36 1.54 1.73 1.95 2.36

3.08 3.27 3.12 3.07 3.33 3.76 4.19 4.58 5.33

6.29 6.32 5.86 5.93 6.86 7.90 8.16 7.46 7.28

9.94 10.19 9.25 9.01 10.23 11.80 12.42 11.90 12.76

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

307

308

T R I C E P S SKI NFO LD T HI C KNESS V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Boys

Triceps Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/year) 14

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

T RI C EP S S K I N F O L D T H I C K N E S S V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Triceps Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/y) for Age (years) for Boys Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11(y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1.72 1.90 2.22 2.41 2.24 1.87 1.66 1.50 1.27

2.46 3.13 3.67 3.78 3.54 3.16 2.93 3.26 4.16

0.60 0.53 0.53 0.62 0.58 0.45 0.43 0.46 0.40

1.15 1.20 1.30 1.38 1.23 0.95 0.88 0.94 0.91

2.31 2.48 2.80 3.01 2.74 2.21 2.00 1.95 1.77

3.97 4.59 5.28 5.56 5.13 4.34 3.98 4.15 4.58

6.56 7.02 8.16 9.73 8.71 6.46 6.91 8.48 7.79

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

309

310

T R I C E P S SKI NFO LD T HI C KNESS V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Girls

Triceps Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/year) 14

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

T RI C EP S S K I N F O L D T H I C K N E S S V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Triceps Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/y) for Age (years) for Girls Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11(y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

2.53 2.77 2.73 2.52 2.74 3.10 3.05 4.04 6.92

4.19 3.84 3.53 3.63 3.96 4.50 5.32 5.36 4.00

0.87 0.75 0.62 0.81 0.96 0.93 0.83 0.94 1.41

1.84 1.68 1.61 1.74 1.96 2.08 1.92 1.95 2.60

3.55 3.55 3.45 3.44 3.81 4.17 3.98 4.68 7.27

6.38 6.14 5.83 5.89 6.48 7.21 7.57 8.30 9.97

9.69 9.08 8.65 9.26 9.99 10.33 10.36 12.37 17.47

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

311

312

S U B S C A P ULA R SKI NFO LD T HI C KNE S S V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Boys

Subscapular Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/year) 14

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

SUB SC A P ULA R S K I N F O L D T H I C K N E S S V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subscapular Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/y) for Age (years) for Boys Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11 (y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

0.92 1.07 1.30 1.51 1.57 1.35 1.10 1.23 2.21

1.47 2.07 2.41 2.55 2.47 2.24 2.06 2.33 3.38

0.38 0.39 0.42 0.45 0.45 0.41 0.36 0.37 0.51

0.73 0.74 0.82 0.90 0.92 0.85 0.77 0.86 1.27

1.35 1.46 1.70 1.92 1.98 1.76 1.51 1.69 2.76

2.34 2.86 3.33 3.64 3.65 3.27 2.90 3.26 5.04

4.00 5.22 6.06 6.42 6.20 5.39 4.73 5.48 8.89

313

314

S U B S C A P ULA R SKI NFO LD T HI C KNE S S V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Girls

Subscapular Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/year) 14

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

SUB SC A P ULA R S K I N F O L D T H I C K N E S S V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Subscapular Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/y) for Age (years) for Girls Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11(y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1.29 1.24 1.51 1.91 2.27 2.43 2.40 2.39 2.52

2.56 2.76 2.95 3.17 3.47 3.85 4.22 4.25 3.70

0.42 0.38 0.44 0.52 0.58 0.58 0.52 0.46 0.42

0.85 0.80 0.99 1.26 1.46 1.45 1.33 1.28 1.51

1.72 1.64 2.01 2.55 2.99 3.09 2.95 2.89 3.21

3.45 3.50 4.00 4.69 5.33 5.69 5.80 5.76 5.71

5.95 6.16 6.95 7.94 8.71 8.95 8.92 9.19 10.36

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

315

316

S U P R A I LI A C A L SKI NFO LD T HI C KN E S S V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Boys

Suprailliacal Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/year) 14

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

SUP RA I LI A C A L S K I N F O L D T H I C K N E S S V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Boys Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Suprailiacal Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/y) for Age (years) for Boys Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11(y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1.05 1.50 1.73 1.84 1.82 1.78 1.72 1.72 1.82

1.72 2.74 3.29 3.44 3.39 3.27 3.23 3.41 3.97

0.34 0.42 0.47 0.51 0.52 0.51 0.47 0.41 0.33

0.63 0.89 1.04 1.11 1.12 1.08 1.03 0.97 0.93

1.34 1.90 2.21 2.35 2.35 2.28 2.19 2.13 2.16

2.50 3.75 4.43 4.67 4.64 4.49 4.37 4.43 4.84

4.55 6.60 7.83 8.44 8.65 8.67 8.70 8.96 9.65

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

317

318

S U P R A I LI A C A L SKI NFO LD V ELO C IT Y F O R A G E Girls

Suprailliacal Skinfold Thickness Velocity (cm/year) 14

p50 p25, p75 p10, p90

0 6

Age (year)

SU P R A I L I A C A L S K I N F O L D V E L O C I T Y F O R A G E Girls Standard Deviation and Percentile Values for Skinfold Thickness Velocity (mm/y) for Age (years) for Girls Age 9 (y) 10 (y) 11(y) 12 (y) 13 (y) 14 (y) 15 (y) 16 (y) 17 (y)

-1 SD

+1 SD

P10

P25

P50

P75

P90

1.93 2.19 2.47 2.77 3.02 3.20 3.30 3.29 3.14

3.27 3.78 4.46 5.20 5.90 6.39 6.56 6.31 5.48

0.48 0.55 0.61 0.68 0.75 0.83 0.91 1.00 1.10

1.09 1.21 1.33 1.45 1.60 1.81 2.08 2.44 2.90

2.39 2.69 3.00 3.32 3.64 3.97 4.31 4.66 5.02

4.60 5.24 6.01 6.83 7.62 8.28 8.74 8.92 8.72

8.23 9.17 10.12 11.02 11.80 12.40 12.75 12.78 12.45

ÂŠ Gerver and de Bruin

319

F A T - F R EE M A SS FO R SUM O F FO U R S K I N F O L D S T H I C K N E S S E S Boys

320

Fraction of Fat Free Mass for Sum of Four Skinfolds Thicknesses (mm) for Boys

Fraction fat free mass in Boys

0.95 P95

17 13

0.90

P75

P50

P25

0.85

0.80

15 11

0.75 3 16-18 y

0.70

14-16 y 12-14 y 10-12 y

0.65

8-10 y 6- 8 y

0.60

4- 6 y 2- 4 y 0- 2 y

0.55

0.50

100

Sum of four skinfolds (mm)

Use of the nomogram To estimate the fraction of fat free mass one needs the following procedure. The horizontal axis represents the sum of the skinfolds at biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiacal sites. The vertical axis represents the fraction fat-free mass. Multiplication of this fraction by the actual weight gives the fat-free mass. To use the graph, find the sum of skinfolds at the horizontal axis and follow it until the curve of the child’s age class is crossed. From this intersection point, draw a horizontal line until the vertical axis is met and find the fraction fat-free mass. Continue the horizontal line until the 95% confidence interval of the child’s age class is reached. Each interval is trivially divided by the mean and two standard deviations or roughly the P3, P50 and P97.

FA T -FREE M A SS F O R S U M O F F O U R S K I N F O L D S T H I C K N E S S E S Girls

Fraction of Fat Free Mass for Sum of Four Skinfolds Thicknesses (mm) for Girls

Fraction fat free mass in Girls

0.95

0.90 1 P95

0.85

13 9 5

0.80

P75 P50

0.75

P25

3 7

0.70

15 16-18 y

0.65

14-16 y

12-14 y 10-12 y

0.60

8-10 y 6- 8 y 4- 6 y 2- 4 y 0- 2 y

0.55

0.50

100

Sum of four skinfolds (mm)

321

322

M U S C L E A REA B o y s a n d Gi r l s

Nomogram of Muscle Area (cm2) for Boys and Girls

60.0 55.0 m

50.0

P95 f P90

45.0

P75

35.0

40.0

35.0

30.0 P50

90.0

25.0 f

P25 P10

20.0

80.0

30.0 m

70.0 25.0

60.0

15.0 50.0

20.0 P5

40.0

10.0 15.0

30.0 m

5.0

10.0

20.0 10.0

5.0

Muscle Area (cm2) Mid Upper Arm

MUAC (cm)

0.0

Skinfolds (mm) Biceps + Triceps

ISBN 90 5278 323 3