A Roadmap towards Low Carbon Iskandar Malaysia 2025
The Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025, officially launched by the Prime Minister of Malaysia and adopted by the Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) in 2012, sets a target for 58% carbon intensity reduction in 2025 as compared to the 2005 level and recommends a total of 281 strategic policies towards minimising carbon emissions in Iskandar Malaysia (IM). Taking the blueprint into the implementation phase poses several questions: Which policies should come first? How long should the implementation period be? When should these policies be implemented? Who are the potential implementation agencies involved with these policies? This roadmap has been formulated to serve as a complementary document to the blueprint. It provides a pathway to guide the implementation of policy actions proposed in the blueprint by outlining implementation programmes according to the given priority, timeline and related implementation agencies, including the 10 implementation plans that IRDA has identified for 2013-2015 period.
The project of Development of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian Regions is initiated under the auspices of SATREPS. A joint effort between Japan and Malaysia, the 5-year research program that commenced in July 2011 brings together a team of multidisciplinary researchers from Kyoto University, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Okayama University and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) with a view to defining Low Carbon Society (LCS) visions and crafting a roadmap towards LCS at the national and cityregional levels, in line with Malaysia’s voluntary commitment to reduce the country’s carbon emission intensity by 40% by year 2020 (based on 2005 levels). The research project begins with a pilot study of Iskandar Malaysia (IM), a “special economic region” located at the southernmost tip of Mainland Asia, that is poised to become a regional economic powerhouse by 2025. The project will showcase best practice in LCS for the Asian Regions and will therefore benefit not only IM and Malaysia, but also the Asian Regions. It will be a hands-on project where researchers and government officials of Asian countries work together in implementing research outputs within the cities or regions involved, leading to the eventual establishment of an Asian Low Carbon Society network. Iskandar Malaysia (IM) is a visionary economic region in Johor that was established in 2005 as one of the catalyst development corridors to spur growth of the Malaysian economy. Covering an area of 221,634 hectares (2,216.3 km2), IM is the largest single development project ever to be undertaken within the Southeast Asia region. Strategically located at the southernmost tip of Mainland Asia to tap on a vast market of about 1 billion people within a 6-hour flight radius, IM is set to become an integrated global node that synergies with growth of the global City-state of Singapore and Indonesia. To that end, it has been projected that population in IM will more than double from 1.35 million in 2005 to over 3 million by 2025, supported by a stable 7-8% annual GDP growth that is primarily driven by services and manufacturing. It is vital that the targeted strong growth is achieved while keeping IM’s carbon emission level at bay, in line with IM’s vision to be “A strong sustainable metropolis of international standing”.
The roadmap comprises of EIGHT (8) implementation sectors demonstrating the implementation plan for TWELVE (12) key policy actions of Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025 as well as IRDA’s Implementation Plans 2013-2015. Each section breaks its policy action(s) into detail strategic plans, their implementation phases and duration and identified potential implementation agencies. These are presented in a series of timeline diagrams. Please see “Guide to Reading Timeline Diagram” printed overleaf for clarity >>>
Green Industry and Low Carbon Governance (GI, LG) Action 2 “Green Industry” (GI) and Action 3 “Low Carbon Urban Governance” (LG), IRDA’s Implementation Plans; Green Economy Guidelines for IM (GI-1) and Green Portal for Iskandar Malaysia (GI-2) are covered. The main contents are establishment of planning and governance system in IRDA, dissemination activities through a website, and low-carbonizing existing industries through mainly energy efficiency improvement and to encourage production of green goods and services required in a low carbon society. 2013
2014
2015
……
2020
…...
2025
Proposed Implementation Agencies
GI-1
Green Economy Guidelines for IM
IRDA, LAs
GI-2
Green Portal for Iskandar Malaysia
IRDA, LAs, MITI, KeTTHa
GI-3
IM as Global Hub for Green Industry
GI-4
Decarbonising Industries
GI-5
Green Employment in Existing Industries
GI-6
Human Capital Development in Green Industry
IRDA, LAs
LG-1
Development Planning for Low Carbon Iskandar Malaysia
IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ)
LG-2
Planning Control Process, Procedures and Mechanism for Materializing LCS in Iskandar Malaysia
IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ)
LG-3
Development of Necessary Human Capital for Operation
IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ), UTM
LG-4
Iskandar Malaysia LCS Monitoring , Reporting and Publication System
IRDA, LAs
IRDA, KeTTHa, NRE, MIDA 1,094ktCO2eq
IRDA, Industries, FMM IRDA, UTM, Industries, FMM
Green Building and Energy System (GB, GE) This roadmap describes implementation of Action 4 “Green Building and Construction” (GB) and Action 5 “Green Energy System and Renewable Energy” (GE) with IRDA’s implementation plan of GAIA (Green Accord Initiative Award) (GB-1). The roadmap includes implementation of GAIA in IM, establishment of green building design, technology and construction, and its standardization in IM with financial scheme. At the same time, the roadmap covers diffusion of renewable and alternative energies in IM through strengthening financial support scheme for the energies and encouraging public awareness by Energy Conservation Center in Iskandar Malaysia. 2013
2014
2015
……
2020
……
2025
Proposed Implementation Agencies
GB-1
GAIA (Green Accord Initiative Award)
GB-2
Implementation of Financing Scheme for Green Buildings
GB-3
Diffusion of Green Building Design and Technology
GB-4
Diffusion of Green Construction
GB-5
Energy Efficiency Improvement of Existing Buildings (Retrofitting)
IRDA, LAs, PAM, IEM
GE-1
Standardization of Energy Efficiency Standards and Labeling System
UTM, IRDA, SIRIM, GreenTech Malaysia
GE-2
Running Energy Conservation Center in Iskandar Malaysia
GE-3
Implementation of Financing Scheme for Renewable/Alternative Energy
GE-4
Promotion of Renewable/ Alternative Energy with Advanced Energy System
IRDA, LAs, UTM IRDA, GreenTech Malaysia
184ktCO2eq
1,019ktCO2eq
IRDA, PAM, IEM, UTM IRDA, LAs, CIDB
IRDA IRDA, GreenTech Malaysia, SEDA 354ktCO2eq
IRDA, SEDA, UTM, Enterprises
Green Transportation (GT) Action 1 “Green Transportation” (GT) and Mobility Management System (GT-1), IRDA’s Implementation Plan are covered. The main contents are development of the integrated public transportation system, high-speed rail connection between Johor Bahru (JB)-Kuala Lumpur (KL) and JB-Singapore, development of inter-modal transfer facility and promotion of the use of low carbon passenger vehicle and freight transport. 2013 GT-1
Mobility Management System
GT-2
Integrated Public Transportation System
GT-3
Inter-modal Transfer Facility
GT-4
High-speed rail Transit (JB-KL, JB-Singapore)
GT-5
2014
2015
…...
2020
…...
2025
Proposed Implementation Agencies IRDA
189ktCO2eq
IRDA, CVLB, SPAD IRDA, LAs, SPAD
63ktCO2eq
IRDA, MOT, Johor State Authority
Promoting the Use of Low Carbon Vehicle
802ktCO2eq
IRDA, KeTTHa, Businesses
GT-6
Transportation Demand Management
289ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs
GT-7
Promote Green/ Hybrid Freight Transportation
572ktCO2eq
IRDA, KeTTHa, MOT
Green Community (LL, CC) This roadmap describes implementation of Action 6 “Low Carbon Lifestyle” (LL) and Action 7 “Community Engagement and Consensus Building” (CC) with IRDA’s Implementation Plan, Eco-Life Challenge Schools Project (LL-1). Strong connections among people or communities forms an indirect support for direct impact inducing change to low carbon lifestyle. 2013
2014
2015
…...
2020
…...
2025
Proposed Implementation Agencies
LL-1
Eco-Life Challenge Schools Project
LL-2
Awareness through Education
LL-3
Smart Working Style
LL-4
Promotion of Energy Efficiency
LL-5
Promotion of “Smart Travel Choices”
1,430ktCO2eq
LL-6
Stock-taking for Low Carbon Lifestyle
155ktCO2eq
CC-1
Sharing of LCS Information and Gather Opinion through Stakeholder Engagement
CC-2
Public Information on LCS Progress
CC-3
Developing Model of Low Carbon Communities
IRDA, LAs, UTM, Communities
CC-4
Green Ambassadors/ Champions
Communities, Government Agencies, NGOs, Schools
Schools, JPNJ, IRDA 781ktCO2eq
Schools, JPNJ, IRDA IRDA, Government Agencies, Businesses
362ktCO2eq
*
IRDA, LAs, GreenTech Malaysia, Businesses IRDA, SPAD, Communities, Schools IRDA, LAs, Communities, Households IRDA, Government Agencies, NGOs, Communities IRDA, Media, NGOs, LAs
*on going activities
Clean Air Environment (CA) Action 12 “Clean Air Environment” (CA) is covered. The main contents are establishment of comprehensive air quality management system, installation of air quality monitoring station and pollutant emission control device in the industry sector. Green passenger and freight transportation are also considered. Cross-border cooperation to avoid regional haze pollution from open biomass burning is tightened. 2013 CA-1 CA-2 CA-3
Design and Implementation of Comprehensive Air Quality Management System Installation Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Stations Installation Pollutant Control Device on the Industry
CA-4
Public Transportation and Logistics Management
CA-5
Cross-border Cooperation on Haze Control
2014
2015
...…
2020
...…
2025
Proposed Implementation Agencies IRDA, LAs, DOE, UTM IRDA, LAs, DOE IRDA, Industries, DOE IRDA, CVLB, JPJ IRDA, NRE, MOFA
Green Urban Design (WC, SG) Action 8 “Walkable, Safe and Livable City Design” (WC) and Action 9 “Smart Urban Growth” (SG) are covered. The main contents for walkable city are establishment of walkable city centers and neighborhoods, cyclist-friendly city, safe city from crime, and civilized and livable streets through traffic calming. The main contents for smart urban growth are promotion of the polycentric growth pattern in IM, compact urban development, transit supportive land use planning and smart digital city. 2013 WC-1
Designing Walkable City Centers and Neighborhoods
WC-2
Designing the Cyclist-friendly City
WC-3
Designing the Safe City (from crime)
WC-4
Designing Civilised and Livable Streets through Traffic Calming
SG-1
2014
2015
……
2020
……
2025
Proposed Implementation Agencies
132ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs, Developers
66ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs, Developers IRDA, LAs, Police
66ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs, JKR
Promote Polycentric Growth Pattern in IM
563ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ)
SG-2
Promote Compact Urban Development
563ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ), Developers
SG-3
Promote Transit Supportive Land Use Planning
SG-4
88ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ) IRDA, MSC Cyberport Johor, Businesses
Development of the ‘Smart Digital City’
Green and Blue Infrastructure and Responsible Tourism (RR) This roadmap describes implementation of Action 10 “Green and Blue Infrastructure and Rural Resources” (RR) with IRDA’s Implementation Plans; Trees for Urban Parks (RR-1) and Responsible Tourism and Biodiversity Conservation (RR-7). The main contribution of this roadmap to emission reduction is enhancement of carbon sink by forests, including conservation of natural forests, such as mangrove forests, and tree planting in urban area. 2013
2014
2015
…...
2020
…...
2025
Proposed Implementation Agencies
RR-1
Trees for Urban Parks
RR-2
Promote Urban Forests
140ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs, JLNJ, FRIM
RR-3
Regional Green Corridor Network
106ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs, FRIM, PTNJ
RR-4
New Development to Retain Existing Vegetation
84ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs, JPBD(NJ), Developers
RR-5
Conservation of Mangrove Forests
63ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs, FRIM, PTNJ
RR-6
Low Carbon Farming in Rural Areas
RR-7
Responsible Tourism and Biodiversity Conservation
IRDA, LAs, JLNJ
IRDA, MOA, FELDA IRDA, LAs, JPNJ, PTNJ
Sustainable Waste Management (WM) This roadmap covers Action 11 “Sustainable Waste Management” (WM) that includes five sub-actions which cover waste from five different sectors - municipal (household and commercial), agriculture, industry, waste water, and construction and demolition. IRDA implementation plan of Nafas Baru Pasir Gudang will become the platform for promoting Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management through pilot project of waste separation at source and also focusing on upgrading of landfill management. 2013
2014
2015
…...
2020
…...
2025
Proposed Implementation Agencies
WM-1
Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management
680ktCO2eq
IRDA, JPSPN, PPSPPA, SWM
WM-2
Sustainable Agricultural Waste Management
136ktCO2eq
IRDA, MOA, FELDA
WM-3
Sustainable Industrial Waste Management
272ktCO2eq
IRDA, LAs, DOE, MIDA
WM-4
Sustainable Waste Water Management
136ktCO2eq
IRDA, DOE, JPSPN, IWK
WM-5
Sustainable Construction and Demolition Waste Management
IRDA, LAs, CIDB
Guide to Reading Timeline Diagram Emission reduction in 2025 by the activity
IRDA’s Implementation Plans in 2013-2015
100ktCO2eq
Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025
Green Economy Green Community Green Environment
Planning Stage
Pilot Project
Implementation Stage/ One-time Project
Full-operational Stage/ Continuous Activities
(Promotion activities, Construction of infrastructure, etc)
(Operation with the new rules, Use of new infrastructure, Use of a technology, etc)
Rationales for Implementation Phasing A good roadmap is characterised by well justified phasing of projects. Priority projects would be those that have relatively low barriers but high GHG reduction impacts (see diagram below). Implementation barriers include cost, human capital, institution and legislation framework, societies readiness (stakeholder acceptance) and technology availability. High GHG Emission Reduction Most Favourable Moderately Favourable
IRDA’s Implementation Plans 2013-2015 High Barriers
Low Barriers Least Favourable Moderately Favourable
Low GHG Emission Reduction
Relationship Matrix The matrix below shows the relationship between IRDA’s Implementation Plans 2013-2015 and key policy actions of the Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025. Out of IRDA’s TEN (10) implementation plans, SEVEN (7) of them are included in this roadmap. These implementation plans are IRDA’s first attempt at good initiatives towards a climate resilient economy in Iskandar Malaysia. The plans have been proposed according to the recommendation of the Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025. The implementation plans cover THREE (3) major themes that underpin the low carbon society concept - Green Economy, Green Community and Green Environment. However, THREE (3) special projects covering specific area namely; (i) Bukit Batu EcoCommunity, (ii) Low Carbon Village Felda Taib Andak and (iii) Nafas Baru Pasir Gudang that require comprehensive study are not discussed in this roadmap. Specific Action-based Projects
Green Environment
Action 9 Smart Urban Growth (SG) Action 10 Green and Blue Infrastructure and Rural Resources (RR) Action 11 Sustainable Waste Management (WM) Action 12 Clean Air Environment (CA)
Nafas Baru Pasir Gudang - Clean and Healthy City
Action 8 Walkable, Safe and Livable City Design (WC)
Low Carbon Village Felda Taib Andak
Action 7 Community Engagement and Consensus Building (CC)
Bukit Batu Eco-Community
Green Community
Action 6 Low Carbon Lifestyle (LL)
RR-7 Responsible Tourism and Biodiversity Conservation
Action 5 Green Energy System and Renewable Energy (GE)
RR-1 Trees for Urban Parks/ Forests
Action 4 Green Building and Construction (GB)
LL-1 Eco-Life Challenge Schools Project
Action 3 Low Carbon Urban Governance (LG)
GT-1 Mobility Management System
Green Economy
Action 2 Green Industry (GI)
GB-1 GAIA (Green Accord Initiative Award)
Action 1 Integrated Green Transportation (GT)
GI-2 Portal on Green Technology for Iskandar Malaysia
12 Actions in the Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025
GI-1 Green Economy Guidelines for IM
IRDA’s Implementation Plan 2013-2015
Special Projects
Team Information Leadership Wahid Omar Mohd Azraai Kassim Ho Chin Siong Koichi Okabe
Yuzuru Matsuoka Takeshi Fujiwara Junichi Fujino Mikiko Kainuma
Scenario Integration + Land Use Planning Roslan Amirudin Mohd Ismail Abd Aziz Mohd Hamdan Ahmad Ahmad Nazri Muhammad Ludin Mohammad Rafee Majid Ibrahim Ngah Kasturi Devi Kanniah Chau Loon Wai Teh Bor Tsong Azilah Mohamed Akil Muhamad Azahar Zikri Zahari Abdul Rahim Ramli Kang Chuen Siang Anis Syahira Zulkifli Malik Tassaduq Abbas Yasmin Sofia Hussain Nadzirah Jausus
Reina Kawase Kei Gomi Miho Kamei
Consensus Building + Education Fatin Aliah Phang Wong Wai Yoke
Maiko Suda
Energy System Haslenda Hashim Lim Jeng Shiun
Shuichi Ashina Diego Silva Herran
Solid Waste Management Zainura Zainon Noor Lee Chew Tin Moh Razman Salim Siti Nadzirah Othman Tan Sie Ting Nawal Shaharuddin
Siti Norbaizura Rejab Hiroaki Obayashi
Air Quality + Transportation Mohd Rashid Mohd Yusof Muhammad Zaly Shah Muhammad Hussein Gobi Krishna Sinniah Nurain Mohd Sith
Gakuji Kurata
We welcome feedback and suggestion. Please contact us.
UTM-Low Carbon Asia Research Center Room 317, Block B-11 Faculty of Built Environment, Unversiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. T +607-553 7356 F +607-553 8003 E lowcarbonsociety2011@yahoo.com W www.utm.my/satreps-lcs @2013 UTM-Low Carbon Asia Research Center Graphic Design Š Teh Bor Tsong
Acronyms and Abbreviations CIDB CVLB DOE FELDA FMM FRIM GDP IEM IRDA IWK IM JICA JKR
Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia Commercial Vehicle Licensing Board, Malaysia Department of Environment, Malaysia Federal Land Development Authority Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers Forest Research Institute Malaysia Gross Domestic Product Institute of Engineers Malaysia Iskandar Regional Development Authority Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd Iskandar Malaysia Japan International Cooperation Agency Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia (Malaysian Public Works Department) JLNJ Jabatan Lanskap Negeri Johor (Johor Department of Landscape) JPBD(NJ) Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa (Negeri Johor) (Town and Country Planning Department of Johor State) JPJ Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Malaysia (Road Transport Department Malaysia) JPNJ Jabatan Pelajaran Negeri Johor (Education Department of Johor) JPSPN Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (Department of National Solid Waste Management) JST Japan Science and Technology Agency KeTTHa Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, Malaysia LAs Local Authorities MIDA Malaysian Investment Development Authority MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Malaysia MOFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia MOA Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, Malaysia MOT Ministry of Transport, Malaysia NGOs Non-governmental organisations NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan NRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia PAM Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (Malaysian Institute of Architects) PPSPPA Perbadanan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan Pembersihan Awam (Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation) PTNJ Perbadanan Taman Negara Johor (Johor National Park Corporation) SATREPS Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development SEDA Sustainable Energy Development Authority SPAD Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awam Darat (Land Public Transport Commission) SWM Southern Waste Management Environment Sdn Bhd UTM Universiti Teknologi Malaysia