DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
FEBRILE CONVULSION
For Appointments Call: +971 6 505 8555 Or Visit: www.uhs.ae
Febrile Convulsion Febrile Seizure (Febrile Convulsion) A Febrile Seizure is a convulsion that occurs in some children with a high temperature (fever). The vast majority of Febrile Seizures are not serious. Most occur with common illnesses such as ear infections and colds. Full recovery with no permanent damage is usual. The main treatment is aimed at the illness that caused the fever.
What Causes a Febrile Seizure and Who Has Them? A Febrile Seizure is sometimes called a Febrile Convulsion. Any illness that causes a high temperature (fever) can cause a Febrile Seizure. Most occur with common illnesses such as ear infections, coughs, colds, u and other viral infections. Serious infections such as pneumonia, kidney infections, meningitis, etc are much less common causes. About 5 in 100 children have a Febrile Seizure sometime before their 6th birthday. They most commonly occur between the ages of 18 months and 3 years. They are rare in children aged under 3 months and over the age of 6 years.
Febrile Convulsion What does a Febrile Seizure Look Like? Febrile seizures are classified into three types:
Simple Febrile Seizure: The most common type - occurs in about 15 out of 20 cases
Febrile Seizures most often occur early in the illness when the child's temperature is starting to rise. The child may look hot and flushed and their eyes may appear to roll backwards. They may appear dazed. The body may go stiff, then generally twitch or shake (convulse). The child becomes unconscious and unresponsive. Some children may wet themselves during the Febrile Seizure. It does not usually last long. It may only be a few seconds and it is unusual for it to last more than five minutes. The child may be sleepy for some minutes afterwards. Within an hour or so the child will usually appear a lot better. This happens when their temperature has come down. Another feature of a Simple Febrile Seizure is that it does not recur within the same febrile illness.
Complex Febrile Seizure Occurs in about 4 out of 20 cases This is similar to a simple Febrile Seizure but has one or more of the following features:
Febrile Convulsion The seizure lasts more than 15
minutes; and/or The seizure recurs within 24
hours or within the same febrile illness; and/or The child is not fully recovered
within one hour. This does not mean the seizure lasts more than an hour but that it takes more than an hour for the child to look and behave more like their normal self; and/or The seizure has focal (used to be
called partial) features. This means that rather than a generalized twitch or shaking, only a part of the body may shake - for example, just one arm or just one leg.
Febrile Status Epilepticus Occurs in less than 1 out of 20 cases This means the Febrile Seizure lasts for longer than 30 minutes.
What First Aid should I do for a Febrile Seizure? Note the time it started. Lay the child on their side with their head tilted back slightly (the recovery
position). This will make sure the child doesn't swallow any sick (vomit) and helps to keep their airway clear. Do not put anything into their mouth or shake the child. When the seizure stops, try to lower the child's temperature to make them
more comfortable. To do this, take off their clothes (if the room is warm). When the child has recovered enough to swallow, give a drink and some Paracetamol or Ibuprofen. However, there is no evidence that lowering the child's temperature will prevent further seizures.
Febrile Convulsion What Should Happen After Immediate First Aid? Call an ambulance if a seizure lasts more than ďŹ ve minutes (this includes small twitching movements, even if large jerking movements have stopped). You should also contact a doctor urgently, or ring for an ambulance if:
The child does not improve quickly once a short seizure is over.
Another seizure starts soon after the ďŹ rst one stops.
The child has difďŹ culty breathing.
The child was not fully conscious before the seizure or one hour afterwards.
You are worried the child may have a serious illness as the cause of the high temperature (fever).
No treatment is usually needed for the seizure itself if it stops within a few minutes. However, treatment may be needed for the infection causing the fever.
In all cases, the child should be seen by a doctor as soon as possible after a seizure. This is to check the child, diagnose the underlying illness and provide any treatment if required. Sometimes the seizure lasts longer and a doctor may give a medicine to stop it. For example, a doctor may put a medicine called Diazepam into the back passage (Rectum) or a medicine called Midazolam into the side of the mouth. These medicines are absorbed quickly, directly into the bloodstream, from within the rectum or mouth, and stop a seizure. Sometimes the parents of children who are prone to recurrent Febrile Seizures are taught how to use one of these medicines. They are then given a supply to have in case a further Febrile Seizure occurs.
Febrile Convulsion Is a Febrile Seizure Dangerous? Although alarming, a Febrile Seizure in itself is not usually dangerous. Full recovery is usual. Most illnesses which cause high temperature (fever) and Febrile Convulsions are the common coughs, colds and viral infections which are not usually serious.
Can Febrile Seizures be Prevented? It may seem logical that if you keep a child's temperature down during a feverish illness it may prevent a febrile seizure. However, there is little scientiďŹ c evidence to prove that this is so. However a fever may make your child feel uncomfortable and irritable. The following are things that you can do that may bring the temperature down and make your child feel more comfortable:
You can give paracetamol to lower a temperature. You can buy paracetamol in liquid form, or melt-in-the-mouth tablets, for children. It comes in various brand names. The dose for each age is given with the medicine packet. Note: Paracetamol does not treat the cause of the fever. It merely helps to ease discomfort. You do not need to use paracetamol if your child is comfortable and not distressed by the fever, aches or pains.
Keep the child very lightly dressed, or take all their clothes off if the room is warm.
Give lots of cool drinks.
Febrile Convulsion Will it Happen Again? Only one seizure occurs in most cases. However, a second seizure may occur during a future feverish illness. A future Febrile Seizure is more likely if the ďŹ rst occurs in a child younger than 15 months, or if there is a family history of Febrile Seizures in close relatives (father, mother, sister, brother). Once the child is past 3 years old, the chance of having more than one seizure becomes much less likely.
Does a Febrile Seizure Cause Any Permanent Damage? Full recovery is usual with no after-effects. One study that followed children who had a Febrile Seizure found that "children who had Febrile Seizures did at least as well as, if not better than, children without Febrile Seizures on measures of intelligence, academic achievement, behavior and working memory".
Is a Febrile Seizure a Type of Epilepsy? No. Febrile Seizures and Epilepsy are two different conditions.
The cause of a Febrile Seizure is related to the feverish illness and is not due to Epilepsy or any Brain Abnormality.
Epilepsy causes seizures without a high temperature (fever). There is a separate set of leaets that explain Epilepsy in more detail. About 2 in 100 children who have a Febrile Seizure develop Epilepsy in later childhood. This is very slightly higher than the chance of Epilepsy developing in children who have not had a Febrile Seizure. But this is probably because a small number of children are prone to develop both Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures. So, having a Febrile Seizure does not cause Epilepsy to develop.
Febrile Convulsion Should a Child Who Has Had a Febrile Seizure Have Immunizations? Yes. Immunizations are very important for your child's health. A Febrile Seizure is extremely unlikely to happen again after a future immunization.
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ﻧﺗﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌظم ﺷرﻛﺎت اﻟﺗﺄﻣﯾن
اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ھل ﯾﺟب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﻔل اﻟذي ﻛﺎن ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣن اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري أن ﯾﺄﺧذ ﺗطﻌﯾﻣﺎﺗﮫ؟ ﻧﻌم ...اﻟﺗطﻌﯾﻣﺎت ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﺟدا ﻟﺻﺣﺔ طﻔﻠك وﻣن ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣرﺟﺢ أن ﯾﺣدث اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ﻣرة أﺧرى ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗطﻌﯾم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل.
اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ھل ﺳﯾﺣدث ﻣرة أﺧرى؟ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌظم اﻟﺣﺎﻻت ﯾﺣدث اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ ﻣرة واﺣدة ﻓﻘط وﻣﻊ ذﻟك ،ﻗد ﯾﺣدث ﺗﺷﻧﺞ آﺧر ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻣﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل وﻣن اﻟﻣرﺟﺢ أن ﯾﺣدث اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل إذا ﺣدث أول ﻣرة إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟطﻔل ﯾﻘل ﻋﻣره ﻋن 15ﺷﮭرا ،أو إذا ﻛﺎن ھﻧﺎك ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺻﺎﺑﺔ أﺣد اﻷﻗﺎرب )اﻷب ،اﻷم ،اﻷﺧت ،اﻷخ( ﺑﻣﺟرد أن ﯾٌﺗم اﻟطﻔل ﺛﻼث ﺳﻧوات ﻣن ﻋﻣره ،ﺗﻛون ﻓرﺻﺔ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﮫ ﺑﺄﻛﺛر ﻣن ﻧوﺑﺔ واﺣدة ﻣن اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ أﻗل.
ھل اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ﯾﺳﺑب أي ﺿرر داﺋم؟
ﻋﺎدة ﯾﺗم اﻟﺷﻔﺎء اﻟﻛﺎﻣل ﻣﻊ ﻋدم وﺟود ﺗﺄﺛﯾرات ﻻﺣﻘﺔ وﻗد أﺛﺑﺗت دراﺳﮫ ﺗﺗﺑﻌت ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ﻟﺑﻌض اﻻطﻔﺎل،ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭم ﻗﺎدرﯾن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷداء ﻣﺛل اﻷطﻔﺎل اﻟذﯾن ﻟم ﯾﺻﺎﺑو ﺑﻧوﺑﺔ ﺗﺷﻧﺞ ،إن ﻟم ﯾﻛن أﻓﺿل ﻣﻧﮭم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﯾس اﻟذﻛﺎء واﻹﻧﺟﺎز اﻷﻛﺎدﯾﻣﻲ واﻟﺳﻠوك واﻟذاﻛرة.
ھل اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﺻرع؟ ﻻ ...اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري واﻟﺻرع ﺣﺎﻟﺗﯾن ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺗﯾن.
ﯾرﺗﺑط ﺳﺑب اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري إﻟﻰ ﻣرض ﻣﻌﯾن أدى إﻟﻰ اﻟﺣﻣﻰ و ﻟﯾس ﺑﺳﺑب اﻟﺻرع أو أي ﻣﺷﺎﻛل ﻓﻲ اﻟدﻣﺎغ. اﻟﺻرع ﯾﺳﺑب اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ دون ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة )ﺣﻣﻰ( ،ﻟﻣزﯾد ﻣن اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺻﯾل ھﻧﺎك ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻣﻧﺷورات اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺷرح ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺻرع. ﻣن ﺑﯾن 2ﻣن أﺻل 100طﻔل ﻣﻣن أﺻﺎﺑﮭم اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ،ﯾﻛون اﻟطﻔل ﻋرﺿﺔ ﻟﻼﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺻرع ﻓﻲ ﻓﺗرة ﻻﺣﻘﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻌﻣر وﻗد ﯾﻛون اﻟطﻔل ﻋرﺿﺔ ﻟﻧوﺑﺎت اﻟﺻرع ﺑﻣﻌدل اﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﻠﯾل ﻣن اﻻطﻔﺎل اﻟذﯾن ﻟم ﯾﺻﺎﺑوا ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري.
اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ھل اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ﺧطر؟
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻣن أﻧﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺣد ذاﺗﮫ ﻣﺛﯾر ﻟﻠﻘﻠﻖ ،إﻻ أﻧﮫ ﻻ ﯾﻌﺗﺑر ﺧطﯾرا ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌظم اﻟﺣﺎﻻت و ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم ﻣﻧﮫ ﻋﺎدة .ﻣﻌظم اﻷﻣراض اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺑب ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة )ﺣﻣﻰ( واﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ھﻲ اﻟﺳﻌﺎل و ﻧزﻻت اﻟﺑرد واﻻﻟﺗﮭﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻔﯾروﺳﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺗﺑر ﺧطﯾرة ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎدة.
ھل ﯾﻣﻛن ﻣﻧﻊ اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ؟
ﻗد ﯾﺑدو ﻣﻧطﻘﯾﺎ أﻧﮫ إذا ﺣﺎﻓظت ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣرارة اﻟطﻔل ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﮫ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻣرض اﻟذي ﯾﺳﺑب اﻟﺣﻣﻰ ﻗد ﯾﻣﻧﻊ ﻧوﺑﺔ اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري .وﻣﻊ ذﻟك ،ھﻧﺎك ﻗﻠﯾل ﻣن اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺛﺑت ذﻟك. اﻟﺣﻣﻰ ﻗد ﺗﺟﻌل طﻔﻠك ﯾﺷﻌر ﺑﻌدم اﻻرﺗﯾﺎح واﻻﻧزﻋﺎج وﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻷﺷﯾﺎء اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻣﻛﻧك اﻟﻘﯾﺎم ﺑﮫ ﻟﺗﺧﻔف درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة و ﺗﺟﻌل اﻟطﻔل ﯾﺷﻌر ﺑﺎﻟراﺣﺔ:
ﯾﻣﻛﻧك إﻋطﺎء اﻟﺑﺎراﺳﯾﺗﺎﻣول )أدول( ﻟﺧﻔض درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة .ﯾﻣﻛﻧك ﺷراء اﻟﺑﺎراﺳﯾﺗﺎﻣول ﻓﻲ ﺷﻛل ﺳﺎﺋل ،أو أﻗراص ﺗذوب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔم ،ﻟﻸطﻔﺎل .ﻗد ﯾﻛون ﻟﮫ أﺳﻣﺎء ﺗﺟﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ وﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻛون اﻟﺟرﻋﮫ ﻣﻛﺗوﺑﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﺑﺔ اﻟدواء ﻟﻛل ﻓﺋﮫ ﻋﻣرﯾﺔ. ﻣﻼﺣظﺔ :اﻟﺑﺎراﺳﯾﺗﺎﻣول ﻻ ﯾﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺳﺑب اﻟﺣﻣﻰ ﻟﻛﻧﮫ ﯾﺳﺎﻋد ﻓﻲ ﺗﺧﻔﯾف اﻟﺣﻣﻰ و اﻻﻧزﻋﺎج .ﻻ داﻋﻲ ﻻﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﺑﺎراﺳﯾﺗﺎﻣول إذا ﻛﺎن طﻔﻠك ﯾﺷﻌر ﺑﺎﻟراﺣﺔ و ﻏﯾر ﻣﻧزﻋﺞ ﻣن اﻟﺣرارة و اﻷﻟم.
إﻟﺑﺎس اﻟطﻔل ﻣﻼﺑس ﺧﻔﯾﻔﺔ ﺟدا ،أو ﺧﻠﻊ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﻣﻼﺑﺳﮭم إذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ داﻓﺋﺔ.
اﻹﻛﺛﺎرﻣن اﻟﺳواﺋل و اﻟﻣﺷروﺑﺎت اﻟﺑﺎردة.
اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ﻣﺎ اﻟذي ﯾﺟب ﻓﻌﻠﮫ ﻣﺑﺎﺷره ﺑﻌد اﻹﺳﻌﺎﻓﺎت اﻷوﻟﯾﺔ؟
اﻻﺗﺻﺎل ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻌﺎف ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺗﻣر اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ ﻻﻛﺛر ﻣن 5دﻗﺎﺋﻖ. )ھذا ﯾﺗﺿﻣن ﺣرﻛﺎت اﻟرﺟﯾﺞ اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة ،ﺣﺗﻰ ﻟو ﺗوﻗﻔت ﺣرﻛﺎت اﻟرﺟﯾﺞ اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة( و ﯾﺟب ﻋﻠﯾك اﻹﺗﺻﺎل ﺑﺎﻟطﺑﯾب أو اﻹﺳﻌﺎف ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎﺟل اذا:
اذا ﻟم ﯾﺗﺣﺳن اﻟطﻔل ﺑﺳرﻋﮫ ﻣن ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﻧﺗﮭﻲ. ﺣدوث ﻧوﺑﺔ ﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﺧرى ﺑﻌد اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة. اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟطﻔل ﻟدﯾﮫ ﺻﻌوﺑﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻧﻔس. اذا ﻟم ﯾﻛن اﻟطﻔل ﺑﻛﺎﻣل وﻋﯾﮫ ﻗﺑل ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ او ﺑﻌد ﺳﺎﻋﮫ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ. اذا ﻛﻧت ﺗﺷك أن ﯾﻛون اﻟطﻔل ﻣﺻﺎب ﺑﻣرض ﺧطﯾر ﺑﺳﺑب ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة )ﺣﻣﻰ( ﻋﺎدة ﻻ ﯾﺣﺗﺎج اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ ﻧﻔﺳﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻼج إذا ﺗوﻗف ﺧﻼل ﺑﺿﻊ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ،إﻻ أﻧﮫ ﻗد ﺗﻛون ھﻧﺎك ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﻣرض اﻟذي ﯾﺳﺑب اﻟﺣﻣﻰ.
ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺎﻻت ،ﯾﺟب أن ﯾﻌرض اﻟطﻔل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﺑﯾب ﻓﻲ أﻗرب وﻗت ﻣﻣﻛن ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ وذﻟك ﻟﻔﺣص اﻟطﻔل ،وﺗﺷﺧﯾص اﻟﻣرض اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ وﺗﻘدﯾم اﻟﻌﻼج إذا ﻟزم اﻷﻣر. ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻷﺣﯾﺎن ﯾﺳﺗﻣر اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ ﻟﻔﺗرة طوﯾﻠﺔ وﯾﻣﻛن أن ﯾﻘوم اﻟطﺑﯾب ﺑﺈﻋطﺎء دواء ﻟوﻗف اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ. "ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل ،ﻗد ﯾﺿﻊ اﻟطﺑﯾب دواء ﯾدﻋﻰ )اﻟدﯾﺎزﯾﺑﺎم( داﺧل ﻓﺗﺣﺔ اﻟﺷرج )اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﯾم( أو دواء ﯾﺳﻣﻰ ﻣﯾدازوﻻم ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻧب ﻣن اﻟﻔم ھذه اﻷدوﯾﺔ ﯾﺗم اﻣﺗﺻﺎﺻﮭﺎ ﺑﺳرﻋﺔ ،ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟرى اﻟدم ،ﻣن داﺧل اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﯾم أو اﻟﻔم ،ﻟﺗوﻗف اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ. أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ ﯾﺗم ﺗﻌﻠﯾم آﺑﺎء وأﻣﮭﺎت اﻷطﻔﺎل اﻟذﯾن ھم ﻋرﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام ھذه اﻷدوﯾﺔ .و ﯾﺗم ﺗزوﯾدھم ﺑﮭﺎ ﻟﯾﻛون ﺑﺣوزﺗﮭم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣدوث اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري.
اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري
ﻗد ﯾﺳﺗﻣر اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ ﻷﻛﺛر ﻣن 15 دﻗﯾﻘﺔ. وﻗد ﺗﺗﻛرر ﻧوﺑﺔ اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ ﺧﻼل 24 ﻗد ﻻ ﯾﺗﻌﺎﻓﻰ اﻟطﻔل ﺑﺷﻛل ﻛﺎﻣل ﻓﻲ ﻏﺿون ﺳﺎﻋﺔ واﺣدة و ﻟﻛن ذﻟك ﻻ ﯾﻌﻧﻲ أن اﻟﻧوﺑﺔ ﺳﺗﺳﻣر أﻛﺛر ﻣن ﺳﺎﻋﺔ وﯾﻌود اﻟطﻔل ﻟﺣﺎﻟﺗﮫ اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ. ﯾﻣﺗﺎز ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺟزﺋﯾﺔ، ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﻧﻲ أن اﻻرﺗﻌﺎش ﯾﻣﺗد ﻟﺟزء ﻣﻌﯾن ﻣن اﻟﺟﺳم ﺑدﻻ ﻣن اﻻرﺗﻌﺎش اﻟﻛﻠﻲ.
اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري اﻟوﺿﻌﻲ: ﺗﺻﯾب طﻔﻼً واﺣدا ً ﻣن ﺑﯾن 20طﻔل ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﺳﺗﻣر اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ ﻷﻛﺛر ﻣن 30دﻗﯾﻘﺔ.
ﻣﺎ ھﻲ اﻹﺳﻌﺎﻓﺎت اﻷوﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺟب اﺗﺑﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺣدوث اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ؟ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ وﻗت ﺑداﯾﺗﮭﺎ.
وﺿﻊ اﻟطﻔل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﮫ و ﺗوﺟﯾﮫ رأﺳﮫ ﻟﻠﺧﻠف )وﺿﻌﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻓﻲ( .وذﻟك ﻟﻛﻲ ﻻ ﯾﺑﺗﻠﻊ اﻟطﻔل اﻟﻘﯾﺊ ﺑﺎﻟﺧطﺄ ،وﻹﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﻣﺟرى اﻟﮭواﺋﻲ ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺎً. ﻻ ﺗﺿﻊ ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ ﻓم اﻟطﻔل وﻻ ﺗﮭزه. ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﺗوﻗف اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ ﺣﺎول أن ﺗﺧﻔض درﺟﺔ ﺣرارة اﻟطﻔل ﻟﯾﺷﻌر ﺑﺑﻌض اﻟراﺣﺔ. ﻟﻠﻘﯾﺎم ﺑذﻟك ﻗم ﺑﺧﻠﻊ ﻣﻼﺑﺳﮭم )اذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻐرﻓﮫ داﻓﺋﮫ( .ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﺗﻌﺎﻓﻰ اﻟطﻔل ﺑﻣﺎ ﻓﯾﮫ اﻟﻛﻔﺎﯾﮫ وﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ أن ﯾﺑﻠﻊ ،اﻋطﮫ ﺳواﺋل ﻟﻠﺷرب و ﺑﻌض اﻟﺑﺎراﺳﯾﺗﺎﻣول )أدول( أو ﺑروﻓﯾن. )ﻣﻊ ذﻟك ﻻ ﺗوﺟد أدﻟﺔ ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ ﺗدل ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﺧﻔﯾض ﺣرارة اﻟطﻔل ﺳﺗﻣﻧﻊ ﺣدوث اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ ﻣﺟددا(
اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ﻛﯾف ﯾﺑدو اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري؟
ﺗﺻﻧف اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ ﻋﻧد اﻷطﻔﺎل إﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻧواع: اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ اﻟﺑﺳﯾطﺔ: أﻛﺛر اﻻﻧواع ﺷﯾوﻋﺎ وﺗﺻﯾب 15طﻔل ﻣن أﺻل 20طﻔل.
ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺣدث ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﻣﺑﻛر ﻣن اﻟﻣرض ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺑدأ درﺟﺔ ﺣرارة اﻟطﻔل ﺑﺎﻻرﺗﻔﺎع. ﻗد ﯾﺑدو اﻟطﻔل ﺳﺎﺧﻧﺎ و ﻣﺣﻣرا و ﻗد ﺗﻠﺗف ﻋﯾوﻧﮭم إﻟﻰ اﻟوراء و ﻗد ﯾﺑدو ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ دوار، ﻗد ﯾﺻﺑﺢ اﻟﺟﺳم ﻣﺗﺻﻠب )ﻣﺗﯾﺑس( ،ﺛم ﺗﺗﺑﻌﮭﺎ رﻋﺷﺔ أو ﻧﻔﺿﺔ )اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ( ﯾﺻﺑﺢ اﻟطﻔل ﻓﺎﻗد اﻟوﻋﻲ وﻻ ﯾﺳﺗﺟﯾب. وﻗد ﯾﺣدث ﺗﺑول ﻻ إرادي أﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري ،ﻋﺎدة ﻻ ﯾﺳﺗﻣر ﻟﻔﺗرة طوﯾﻠﺔ ,ﻗد ﯾﺳﺗﻣر ﻟﺑﺿﻊ ﺛوان ﻓﻘط و ﻣن ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣﻌﺗﺎد أن ﯾﺳﺗﻣر ﻷﻛﺛر ﻣن ﺧﻣس دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ،ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ ذﻟك ﻗد ﯾﺷﻌر اﻟطﻔل ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻌﺎس ﻟﺑﺿﻌﺔ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ. ﻓﻲ ﻏﺿون ﺳﺎﻋﺔ أو ﻧﺣو ذﻟك ﯾﺻﺑﺢ اﻟطﻔل أﻓﺿل ﺑﻛﺛﯾر و ﯾﺣدث ذﻟك ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﻧﺧﻔض درﺟﺔ ﺣرارﺗﮫ .ﯾﻣﺗﺎز ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ أﻧﮫ ﻻ ﯾﺗﻛرر ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔس اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻣرﺿﯾﺔ. اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﻘدة: ﺗﺻﯾب 4أطﻔﺎل ﻣن أﺻل 20طﻔل. ﺗﺷﺑﮫ اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ اﻟﺑﺳﯾطﺔ إﻻ أن ﻟدﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﻣﯾزات أﺧرى ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ:
اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري:
اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ ھﻲ ﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎت ﺗﺻﯾب ﺑﻌض اﻷطﻔﺎل اﻟﻠذﯾن ﯾﻌﺎﻧون ﻣن ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة )ﺣﻣﻰ( ،اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﻌظﻣﻰ ﻣن اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ ﻟﯾﺳت ﺧطﯾرة و ﯾﺣدث ﻣﻌظﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻷﻣراض اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻣﺛل اﻟﺗﮭﺎﺑﺎت اﻷذن وﻧزﻻت اﻟﺑرد .ﻋﺎدة ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم ﻣﻧﮭﺎ دون ﺗرك أي ﺿرر داﺋم ،اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻟﮫ ﯾﮭدف ﻟﻌﻼج اﻻﻣراض اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺑب اﻟﺣﻣﻰ.
ﻣﺎ اﻟذي ﯾﺳﺑب اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري وﻣن اﻷﻛﺛر ﻋرﺿﺔ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﮫ؟
أي ﻣرض ﯾؤدي إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة )ﺣﻣﻰ( ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﯾﺳﺑب اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ ،ﻣﻌظﻣﮭﺎ ﯾﺣدث ﻣﻊ اﻷﻣراض اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻣﺛل اﻟﺗﮭﺎﺑﺎت اﻷذن واﻟﺳﻌﺎل وﻧزﻻت اﻟﺑرد واﻻﻧﻔﻠوﻧزا وﻏﯾرھﺎ ﻣن اﻷﻣراض اﻟﻔﯾروﺳﯾﺔ ،وﻗﻠﯾﻼ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺣدث ﻣﻊ اﻻﻟﺗﮭﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻣزﻣﻧﺔ ﻣﺛل اﻻﻟﺗﮭﺎب اﻟرﺋوي ،واﻟﺗﮭﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻛﻠﻰ واﻟﺗﮭﺎب اﻟﺳﺣﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﺦ..
ﺣواﻟﻲ 5ﻣن 100طﻔل ﯾﺻﺎﺑون ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ ﻗﺑل ﻋﺎﻣﮭم اﻟﺳﺎدس ﻣن اﻟﻌﻣر وھﻲ ﺗﺣدث ﻋﺎدة ﺑﯾن ﺳن 18ﺷﮭرا و 3ﺳﻧوات و ﻧﺎدرا ﻣﺎ ﺗﺻﯾب اﻻطﻔﺎل دون ﺳن 3أﺷﮭر أوأﻛﺛر ﻣن ﺳن 6ﺳﻧوات.
ﻗﺳم طب اﻟطوارئ
اﻟﺗﺷﻧﺞ اﻟﺣراري
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