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The University of Alabama Press
New in Archaeology 2020/2021
The Cosmos Revealed Precontact Mississippian Rock Art at Painted Bluff, Alabama Jan F. Simek, Erin E. Dunsmore, Johannes Loubser, and Sierra M. Bow Photographs by Alan Cressler
The first monograph on open-air rock art Painted Bluff is perhaps the most elaborate prehistoric pictograph site east of the Mississippi River, containing more than one hundred paintings and engravings positioned at several levels on a dramatic sandstone cliff along the Tennessee River in northern Alabama. The paintings were made several centuries before the first arrival of Europeans in the area, and the paintings portray various symbols and characters associated with artists’ religious beliefs. This is the first book on this site and, indeed, the first monograph on any open-air rock art. The existence of Painted Bluff has been known since early in the nineteenth century. In 1823, John Haywood published The Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, in which he recounted descriptions, made in 1813 by Andrew Jackson’s troops, of red paintings high on an imposing rock wall along the Tennessee River in what today is northern Alabama. The site early on came to be called “Painted Bluff” because of its pictographs, but inexplicably it has only recently been subjected to the intensive archaeological study it deserves. Under the management of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the authors of this volume have documented and assessed the site since 2005, and efforts have been made to reverse some of the vandalism that has occurred over many decades and to stabilize natural degradation of the cliff and the artwork it contains. In the course of this documentation, nearly one hundred remarkable prehistoric paintings have been recorded, mapped, and photographed on the cliff face. This book synthesizes the research done on the site to date and covers nearly the entire site. Richly illustrated chapters cover the historical background, geology and archaeology, documentation methods, types of rock art, stratigraphy, paint recipes, TVA management, graffiti removal, and summary that broadly synthesizes the meaning, timeframe, artistry, organization, conceptual boundaries, and the cosmos revealed.
Jan F. Simek is Distinguished Professor of Science and interim head of the department of anthropology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and president emeritus of the University of Tennessee. Since 1992, he has directed fieldwork at prehistoric cave art sites in the Southeast. His work at Painted Bluff dates back to 2005. He has coauthored numerous articles and book chapters on cave art. Erin E. Dunsmore is senior archaeological specialist with the Tennessee Valley Authority in Knoxville. She is involved with site management and protection and is a rock art expert at the agency. She is the editor of TVA Archaeology: Seventy-Five Years of Prehistoric Site Research.
FEBRUARY 2021 9 x12 / 232 PAGES / 113 COLOR FIGURES / 19 B&W FIGURES 4 MAPS / 8 TABLES ISBN 978-0-8173-2085-0 / $49.95s CLOTH ISBN 978-0-8173-9342-7 / $49.95 EBOOK
“The Cosmos Revealed is a landmark synthesis of one of the Native South’s most unusual and intriguing archaeological sites. The authors provide a richly detailed account of this rock art complex, including its history, preservation, and meaning.” —Thomas J. Pluckhahn, author of Kolomoki: Settlement, Ceremony, and Status in the Deep South
“The Cosmos Revealed provides extremely thorough, state-of-the-art research on a well-known and very important site by providing a detailed empirical account, combined with a well-supported and logical symbolic interpretation.” —David S. Whitely, author of Cave Paintings and the Human Spirit: The Origin of Creativity and Belief
Johannes Loubser is an archaeologist and rock art specialist at Stratum Unlimited, Alpharetta, Georgia. Sierra M. Bow is a Ph.D. student at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Alan Cressler is a hydrologic technician at the US Geological Survey and a renowned photographer specializing in natural history and prehistory as well as a cave explorer who has visited more than 5,000 caves worldwide. He has been the principal photographer for the University of Tennessee cave archaeology research group for two decades.
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ARCHAEOLOGY 2020/2021 | 1
ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN SOUTH / CHRISTOPHER B. RODNING, SERIES EDITOR
Time, Typology, and Point Traditions in North Carolina Archaeology Formative Cultures Reconsidered I. Randolph Daniel Jr.
A reconsideration of the seminal projectile point typology In the 1964 landmark publication The Formative Cultures of the Carolina Piedmont, Joffre Coe established a projectile point typology and chronology that, for the first time, allowed archaeologists to identify the relative age of a site or site deposit based on the point types recovered there. Consistent with the cultural-historical paradigm of the day, the “Coe axiom” stipulated that only one point type was produced at one moment in time in a particular location. Moreover, Coe identified periods of “cultural continuity” and “discontinuity” in the chronology based on perceived similarities and differences in point styles through time.
FEBRUARY 2021 7 X 10 / 224 PAGES / 47 B&W FIGURES / 2 MAPS / 2 TABLES ISBN 978-0-8173-2086-7 / $59.95s HARDCOVER ISBN 978-0-8173-9343-4 / $59.94 EBOOK
“Daniel deftly covers a variety of topics, including theory and collector-professional relationships, augmenting the discussion of stone-tool types and culture history, that make this work significantly more than a picture book for comparative purposes.” —Philip J. Carr, coeditor of Contemporary Lithic Analysis in the Southeast: Problems, Solutions, and Interpretations
“Daniel’s volume is in the ‘right place at the right time.’ Given its combination of a detailed refinement of a critical North Carolinian sequence and its implication for understanding broader regional native history, I know of no comparable or competing volume.”
In Time, Typology, and Point Traditions in North Carolina Archaeology: Formative Cultures Reconsidered, I. Randolph Daniel Jr. reevaluates the Coe typology and sequence, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses. Daniel reviews the history of the projectile point type concept in the Southeast and revisits both Coe’s axiom and his notions regarding cultural continuity and change based on point types. In addition, Daniel updates Coe’s typology by clarifying or revising existing types and including types unrecognized in Coe’s monograph. Daniel also adopts a practice-centered approach to interpreting types and organizes them into several technological traditions that trace ancestral-descendent communities of practice that relate to our current understanding of North Carolina prehistory. Appealing to professional and avocational archaeologists, Daniel provides ample illustrations of points in the book as well as color versions on a dedicated website. Daniel dedicates a final chapter to a discussion of the ethical issues related to professional archaeologists using private artifact collections. He calls for greater collaboration between professional and avocational communities, noting the scientific value of some private collections.
I. Randolph Daniel Jr. is professor and chair of anthropology at East Carolina University. A noted expert on Native American stone tools, he is author of Hardaway Revisited: Early Archaic Settlement in the Southeast.
—Thomas E. Emerson, author of Cahokia and the Archaeology of Power and coauthor of Projectile Points and the Illinois Landscape: People, Time, and Place
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ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN SOUTH / CHRISTOPHER B. RODNING, SERIES EDITOR
Reconsidering Mississippian Communities and Households Edited by Elizabeth Watts Malouchos and Alleen Betzenhauser
Explores the archaeology of Mississippian households and communities using new data and advances in both method and theory Reconsidering Mississippian Communities and Households revisits what has been learned since the 1995 University of Alabama Press publication Mississippian Communities and Households, edited by J. Daniel Rogers and Bruce D. Smith. That book, which has since become foundational, advanced southeastern archaeology in significant ways. At that time, major work in southeastern archaeology focused largely on elite structures such as ceremonial mounds and plazas and on chiefdoms, which were both the most dramatic and readily accessible subjects of study. Archaeologists were then theorizing about the domestic sphere based on such excavations. Household-level archaeology came to the forefront in the Rogers and Smith volume with its impressive breadth of case studies to help archaeologists grapple with the complexities of Mississippian social organization across the region. Some have argued that the Daniels and Smith volume failed to look at communities in a thorough fashion. The approach to community was limited to houses, pits, and people. This volume advances the field further with the diverse perspectives of current social theory and methods and big data as applied to communities in Native America from the AD 900s to 1700s and from northeast Florida to southwest Arkansas. It comprises four parts with overarching themes: Articulating Communities and Households, Coalescing and Conflicting Communities, Community and Cosmos, and Movement and Memory. The contributors show in thirteen original case studies that community can mean different things and come in varied forms. For example, community can be formed around a place, an event such as feasting, a pottery style, war and conflict, or burial of dead.
Elizabeth Watts Malouchos is a research scientist at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology. Alleen Betzenhauser is coordinator of the Illinois State Archaeological Survey’s American Bottom Field Station, the University of Illinois Prairie Research Institute
APRIL 2021 6 x 9 / 328 PAGES / 33 B&W FIGURES / 12 MAPS / 8 TABLES ISBN 978-0-8173-2088-1 / $64.95s HARDCOVER ISBN 978-0-8173-9346-5 / $64.95 EBOOK
CONTRIBUTORS Keith Ashley / Melissa R. Baltus / Alleen Betzenhauser / Jennifer Birch / Edmond A. Boudreaux III / Stefan Brannan / Tamira K. Brennan / Meghan E. Buchanan / Jera R. Davis / Paige A. Ford / Heidi A. de Gregory / Adam King / Duncan P. McKinnon / Erin S. Nelson / Christopher B. Rodning / Benjamin A. Steere / Amber R. Thorpe / Elizabeth Watts Malouchos / Gregory D. Wilson / Jason Yaeger
“Reconsidering Mississippian Communities and Households successfully updates its namesake, Rogers and Smith’s 1995 Mississippian Communities and Households. It will certainly find a wide readership among those interested in social archaeology by bringing together established scholars and up-and-comers in a democratizing publication.” —Ramie A. Gougeon, coeditor of Archaeological Perspectives on the Southern Appalachians: A Multiscalar Approach
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ARCHAEOLOGY 2020/2021 | 3
ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN SOUTH / CHRISTOPHER B. RODNING, SERIES EDITOR
Uprooted Race, Public Housing, and the Archaeology of Four Lost New Orleans Neighborhoods D. Ryan Gray The archaeology of four New Orleans neighborhoods that were replaced by public housing projects
Uprooted: Race, Public Housing, and the Archaeology of Four Lost New Orleans Neighborhoods uses archaeological research on four neighborhoods that were razed during the construction of public housing in World War II–era New Orleans. Although each of these neighborhoods was identified as a “slum” historically, the material record challenges the simplicity of this designation. D. Ryan Gray provides evidence of the inventiveness of former residents who were marginalized by class, color, or gender and whose everyday strategies of survival, subsistence, and spirituality challenged the city’s developing racial and social hierarchies. D. Ryan Gray is associate professor of anthropology at the University of New Orleans. AVAILABLE 6 x 9 / 256 PAGES / 34 B&W FIGURES / 4 TABLES ISBN 978-0-8173-2047-8 / $54.95s CLOTH ISBN 978-0-8173-9277-2 / $54.95 EBOOK
“Ryan Gray’s Uprooted: Race, Public Housing, and the Archaeology of Four Lost New Orleans Neighborhoods strikes a novel and creative series of questions about the relationships between heritage, municipal housing, and the color line illuminated with an interesting range of broadly defined archaeological resources. Telling this story as historical archaeology is novel if not unique, aspiring to paint a picture with prosaic materiality, urban spatiality, historical depth, and a critical eye on the motivations of a stream of ideologues eager to engineer the American city.” —Paul R. Mullins, author of The Archaeology of Consumer Culture
Megadrought in the Carolinas The Archaeology of Mississippian Collapse, Abandonment, and Coalescense John S. Cable Considers the Native American abandonment of the South Carolina coast
Cable tests the proposition that the former residents of the coastal zone migrated to surrounding interior regions where the effects of drought were less severe. Abundant support for this expectation is found in the archaeology of these regions, including evidence of accelerated population growth, crowding, and increased regional hostilities. Another important implication of immigration is the eventual coalescence of ethnic and/ or culturally different social groups and the ultimate transformation of societies into new cultural syntheses. Evidence for this process is not yet well documented in the Southeast, but Cable draws on his familiarity with the drought-related Puebloan intrusions into the Hohokam Core Area of southern Arizona during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries to suggest strategies for examining coalescence in the Southeast. John S. Cable is director and president of Palmetto Research Institute. AVAILABLE 6 x 9 / 336 PAGES / 23 B&W FIGURES / 5 MAPS / 23 TABLES ISBN 978-0-8173-2046-1 / $64.95s CLOTH ISBN 978-0-8173-9276-5 / $64.95 EBOOK
“Questions concerning regional abandonment and migration of agricultural societies loom large throughout all of North America. Cable has provided the first book-length topic on this issue as it applies to anywhere in eastern North America, and it will clearly set the tone for future efforts along these lines in the Southeast.” —Charles R. Cobb, author of From Quarry to Cornfield: The Political Economy of Mississippian Hoe Production
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ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN SOUTH / CHRISTOPHER B. RODNING, SERIES EDITOR
Garden Creek The Archaeology of Interaction in Middle Woodland Appalachia Alice P. Wright Presents archaeological data to explore the concept of glocalization as applied in the Hopewell world
Originally coined in the context of twentieth-century business affairs, the term “glocalization” describes how the global circulation of products, services, or ideas requires accommodations to local conditions, and, in turn, how local conditions can significantly impact global markets and relationships. Garden Creek: The Archaeology of Interaction in Middle Woodland Appalachia presents glocalization as a concept that can help explain the dynamics of cross-cultural interaction not only in the present but also in the deep past. Alice P. Wright uses the concept of glocalization as a framework for understanding the mutual contributions of large-scale and small-scale processes to prehistoric transformations. Using geophysical surveys, excavations, and artifact analysis, Wright shows how Middle Woodland cultural contact wrought changes in religious practices, such as mound building and the crafting of ritual objects for exchange or pilgrimage. Alice P. Wright is assistant professor of anthropology at Appalachian State University. She is coeditor of Early and Middle Woodland Landscapes of the Southeast.
AVAILABLE 6 x 9 / 208 PAGES / 36 B&W FIGURES / 1 MAP / 8 TABLES I978-0-8173-2040-9 / $54.95s CLOTH 978-0-8173-9270-3 / $54.95 EBOOK
“Wright’s investigation and interpretations of the Garden Creek site open a window on an important and understudied corner of the Hopewell Interaction Sphere. The intensive investigation of this relatively small area is an exemplary case study that will be useful as a model for similar projects.” —Bradley T. Lepper, author of Ohio Archaeology: An Illustrated Chronicle of Ohio’s Ancient American Indian Cultures
Shaman, Priest, Practice, Belief Materials of Ritual and Religion in Eastern North America Edited by Stephen B. Carmody and Casey R. Barrier Archaeological case studies consider material evidence of religion and ritual in the pre-Columbian Eastern Woodlands
Archaeologists today are interpreting Native American religion and ritual in the distant past in more sophisticated ways, considering new understandings of the ways that Native Americans themselves experienced them. Shaman, Priest, Practice, Belief: Materials of Ritual and Religion in Eastern North America broadly considers Native American religion and ritual in eastern North America and focuses on practices that altered and used a vast array of material items as well as how physical spaces were shaped by religious practices. Stephen B. Carmody is assistant professor in the department of social sciences at Troy University. Casey R. Barrier is assistant professor in the department of anthropology at Bryn Mawr College. AVAILABLE
“Shaman, Priest, Practice, Belief contributes important new insights into often overlooked aspects of past human behavior—those of religion and ritual. Using many different components of the archaeological record to investigate ancient religion and ritual, the contributors demonstrate that even relatively mundane cultural materials have the potential to illuminate the most ephemeral aspects of past human cultures.”
6 x 9 / 344 PAGES / 35 B&W FIGURES / 3 MAPS / 6 TABLES 978-0-8173-2042-3 / $69.95s HARDCOVER 978-0-8173-9272-7 / $69.95 EBOOK
— Richard W. Jefferies, author of Holocene Hunter-Gatherers of the Lower Ohio River Valley
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ARCHAEOLOGY 2020/2021 | 5
ARCHAEOLOGY OF FOOD / MARY BEAUDRY AND KAREN BESCHERER METHENY, SERIES EDITORS
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The Story of Food in the Human Past How What We Ate Made Us Who We Are Robyn E. Cutright
A sweeping overview of how and what humans have eaten in their long history as a species The Story of Food in the Human Past: How What We Ate Made Us Who We Are uses case studies from recent archaeological research to tell the story of food in human prehistory. Beginning with the earliest members of our genus, Robyn E. Cutright investigates the role of food in shaping who we are as humans during the emergence of modern Homo sapiens and through major transitions in human prehistory such as the development of agriculture and the emergence of complex societies.
JANUARY 2021 6 x 9 / 288 PAGES / 14 COLOR FIGURES / 17 B&W FIGURES 9 MAPS ISBN 978-0-8173-2082-9 / $79.95s CLOTH ISBN 978-0-8173-5985-0 / $34.95s PAPER ISBN 978-0-8173-9338-0 / $34.95 EBOOK
“The Story of Food in the Human Past is fascinating and well written and covers a broad swath of archaeology with a tone that will not only engage students, but also general readers interested in the archaeology of food.”
Cutright begins her fascinating study with a discussion of how food shaped humans in evolutionary terms by examining what makes human eating unique, the use of fire to cook, and the origins of cuisine as culture and adaptation through the example of Neanderthals. The second part of the book describes how cuisine was reshaped when humans domesticated plants and animals and examines how food expressed ancient social structures and identities such as gender, class, and ethnicity. Cutright shows how food took on special meaning in feasts and religious rituals and also pays attention to the daily preparation and consumption of food as central to human society. Cutright synthesizes recent paleoanthropological and archaeological research on ancient diet and cuisine and complements her research on daily diet, culinary practice, and special-purpose mortuary and celebratory meals in the Andes with comparative case studies from around the world to offer readers a holistic view of what humans ate in the past and what that reveals about who we are.
Robyn E. Cutright is the Charles T. Hazelrigg Associate Professor of Anthropology and Latin American Studies at Centre College.
—Jerry D. Moore, author of The Prehistory of Home and Visions of Culture: An Introduction to Anthropological Theories and Theorists, Fifth Edition
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ARCHAEOLOGY OF FOOD / MARY BEAUDRY AND KAREN BESCHERER METHENY, SERIES EDITORS
Salt in Eastern North America and the Caribbean History and Archaeology Edited by Ashley A. Dumas and Paul N. Eubanks
Case studies examining the archaeological record of an overlooked mineral Salt, once a highly prized trade commodity essential for human survival, is often overlooked in research because it is invisible in the archaeological record. Salt in Eastern North America and the Caribbean: History and Archaeology brings salt back into archaeology, showing that it was valued as a dietary additive, had curative powers, and was a substance of political power and religious significance for Native Americans. Major salines were embedded in the collective memories and oral traditions for thousands of years as places where physical and spiritual needs could be met. Ethnohistoric documents for many Indian cultures describe the uses of and taboos and other beliefs about salt. The volume is organized into two parts: Salt Histories and Salt in Society. Case studies from prehistory to post-Contact and from New York to Jamaica address what techniques were used to make salt, who was responsible for producing it, how it was used, the impact it had on settlement patterns and sociopolitical complexity, and how economies of salt changed after European contact. Noted salt archaeologist Heather McKillop provides commentary to conclude the volume.
FEBRUARY 2021 6 x 9 / 232 PAGES / 29 B&W FIGURES / 9 MAPS /4 TABLES 978-0-8173-2076-8 /$69.95s HARDCOVER
Ashley A. Dumas is associate professor of anthropology and director of the Fort Tombecbe Archaeological site, University of West Alabama.
978-0-8173-9333-5 / $69.95 EBOOK
Paul N. Eubanks is assistant professor of anthropology at Middle Tennessee State University. CONTRIBUTORS Ian W. Brown / Ashley A. Dumas / Ann M. Early / Paul N. Eubanks / Hannah Guidry / Nancy A. Kenmotsu / Larry McKee / Heather McKillop / Steven M. Meredith / Maureen Meyers / Joost Morsink / Timothy K. Perttula / Kevin E. Smith / Alyssa Sperry
“Salt in Eastern North America and the Caribbean offers several new datasets from across the region as well as innovative conceptual frameworks for understanding salt production and consumption. To my knowledge, it is the first interregional consideration of indigenous salt production in this part of the world since Ian Brown’s seminal publication in 1980—now nearly 40 years old.” —Alice P. Wright, author of Garden Creek: The Archaeology of Interaction in Middle Woodland Appalachia
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ARCHAEOLOGY 2020/2021 | 7
NEW IN PAPER
ARCHAEOLOGY OF FOOD / MARY BEAUDRY AND KAREN BESCHERER METHENY, SERIES EDITORS
Feeding Cahokia Early Agriculture in the North American Heartland Gayle J. Fritz An authoritative and thoroughly accessible overview of farming and food practices at Cahokia
Feeding Cahokia presents evidence to demonstrate that the emphasis on corn has created a distorted picture of Cahokia’s agricultural practices. Farming at Cahokia was biologically diverse and, as such, less prone to risk than was maize-dominated agriculture. Gayle J. Fritz shows that the division between the so-called elites and commoners simplifies and misrepresents the statuses of farmers—a workforce consisting of adult women and their daughters who belonged to kin groups crosscutting all levels of the Cahokian social order. Many farmers had considerable influence and decision-making authority, and they were valued for their economic contributions, their skills, and their expertise in all matters relating to soils and crops. Fritz examines the possible roles played by farmers in the processes of producing and preparing food and in maintaining cosmological balance.
AVAILABLE 6 x 9 / 232 PAGES / 22 COLOR FIGURES / 19 B&W FIGURES 3 MAPS / 8 TABLES ISBN 978-0-8173-6004-7 / $29.95s PAPER ISBN 978-0-8173-9217-8 / $29.95 EBOOK
Gayle J. Fritz is a professor emerita of anthropology at Washington University in St. Louis. “Feeding Cahokia is an excellent summation of cultivated plant subsistence practices as evidenced by the material record from the interior Midwest. Because it is written in an accessible manner, it will appeal to anyone interested in the native cultivated crop complex; first in documenting its very existence and secondly for setting the record straight on its importance. As such, it is a good introduction to those topics for archaeologists wanting to understand and incorporate the archaeobotanical record into their research.” —Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology
Baking, Bourbon, and Black Drink Foodways Archaeology in the American Southeast Edited by Tanya M. Peres and Aaron Deter-Wolf
Archaeological case studies that explore the rituals and cultural significance of foods in the southeastern United States
Understanding and explaining societal rules surrounding food and foodways have been the foci of anthropological studies since the early days of the discipline. Baking, Bourbon, and Black Drink: Foodways Archaeology in the American Southeast, however, is the first collection devoted exclusively to southeastern foodways analyzed through archaeological perspectives. These essays examine which foods were eaten and move the discussion of foodstuffs into the sociocultural realm of why, how, and when they were eaten. Tanya M. Peres is an associate professor in the Department of Anthropology at Florida State University. She is the coeditor of Trends and Traditions in Southeastern Zooarchaeology and Integrating Zooarchaeology and Paleoethnobotany: A Consideration of Issues, Methods, and Cases. AVAILABLE 6 x 9 / 248 PAGES / 33 B&W FIGURES / 4 MAPS / 6 TABLES ISBN 978-0-8173-1992-2 / $64.95s HARDCOVER ISBN 978-0-8173-9195-9 / $64.95 EBOOK
Aaron Deter-Wolf is a prehistoric archaeologist for the Tennessee Division of Archaeology and coeditor of Drawing with Great Needles: Ancient Tattoo Traditions of North America and Ancient Ink: The Archaeology of Tattooing. “Baking, Bourbon, and Black Drink is a collection of works elucidating—and in some instances integrating— many diverse aspects of diet and cuisines, written by authors who bring a broad range of expertise to the field of archaeology. It is a major contribution.” —Gayle J. Fritz, author of Feeding Cahokia: Early Agriculture in the North American Heartland
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The Ritual Landscape of Late Precontact Eastern Oklahoma Archaeology from the WPA Era until Today Edited by Amanda L. Regnier, Scott W. Hammerstedt, and Sheila Bobalik Savage Revisits and updates WPA-funded archaeological research on key Oklahoma mound sites
The Ritual Landscape of Late Precontact Eastern Oklahoma curates and contextualizes the results of the WPA excavations, showing how they inform archaeological understanding of Mississippian occupation in the Arkansas Valley. Regnier, Hammerstedt, and Savage also relate the history and experiences of practicing archaeology in the 1930s, incorporating colorful excerpts from field journals of the young, inexperienced archaeologists. Finally, the authors update current knowledge of mound and nonmound sites in the region, providing an excellent example of historical archaeology. Amanda L. Regnier is director of the Oklahoma Archaeological Survey at the University of Oklahoma. She is the author of Reconstructing Tascalusa’s Chiefdom: Pottery Styles and the Social Composition of Late Mississippian Communities along the Alabama River. Scott W. Hammerstedt is senior researcher at the Oklahoma Archaeological Survey and affiliated faculty in the department of anthropology at the University of Oklahoma. He is also codirector of the Spiro Landscape Archaeological Project, Le Flore County, Oklahoma. Sheila Bobalik Savage is an affiliated researcher at the Oklahoma Archaeological Survey.
AVAILABLE 6 x 9 / 392 PAGES / 105 B&W FIGURES / 3 MAPS / 25 TABLES 978-0-8173-2025-6 / $69.95s HARDCOVER 978-0-8173-9239-0 / $69.95 EBOOK
“I commend the authors in unearthing historical documents related to New Deal investigations in Eastern Oklahoma, critically examining those original findings, and contextualizing the WPA investigations with respect to the latest understandings of archaeology in the region.” —Bernard K. Means, author of Circular Villages of the Monongahela Tradition and editor of Shovel Ready: Archaeology and Roosevelt’s New Deal for America
Partisans, Guerillas, and Irregulars Historical Archaeology of Asymmetric Warfare Edited by Steven D. Smith and Clarence R. Geier Essays that explore the growing field of conflict archaeology
Partisans, Guerillas, and Irregulars: Historical Archaeology of Asymmetric Warfare presents recent examples of how historical archaeology can contribute to a better understanding of asymmetric warfare. The volume introduces readers to this growing study and to its historic importance. Contributors illustrate how the wide range of traditional and new methods and techniques of historiography and archaeology can be applied to expose critical actions, sacrifices, and accomplishments of competing groups representing opposing philosophies and ways of life, which are otherwise lost in time. Steven D. Smith is director of the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of South Carolina. He is the coeditor of Archaeology, History, and Predictive Modeling: Research at Fort Polk, 1972–2002 and The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities. Clarence R. Geier is professor emeritus of anthropology at James Madison University. He is the senior editor of four books on the historical archaeology of the Civil War as well as Historical Archaeology of Military Sites: Method and Topic. “While primarily of interest to specialists in the events that unfolded at the sites examined, the work shows how this discipline has already altered traditional accounts of a number of events—such as the Battle of the Little Big Horn. This book is also a worthwhile read for anyone wishing to learn more about how battlefield archaeology works.”
AVAILABLE 6 x 9 / 272 PAGES / 24 B&W FIGURES / 10 MAPS / 3 TABLES 978-0-8173-2020-1 / $49.95s HARDCOVER 978-0-8173-9234.5 / $49.95 EBOOK
—NYMAS Review
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ARCHAEOLOGY 2020/2021 | 9
Rock Art in an Indigenous Landscape From Atlantic Canada to Chesapeake Bay Edward J. Lenik with Nancy L. Gibbs
The culmination of the research of the preeminent rock art scholar on portable and nonportable rock art in northeast Canada and the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States Rock art, petroglyphs, and pictographs (paintings) here have been made by indigenous peoples for thousands of years. The images are found on bedrock, cliff faces, ridge tops, and boulders and in rock shelters. Some of these rock surfaces are covered with abstract and geometric designs such as concentric circles, zigzag lines, grids, and cross-hatched and ladder-like patterns. Others depict humans, footprints and handprints, mammals, serpents, and mythic creatures meticulously pecked or incised into smooth rock surfaces. These elaborate and beautiful images get our attention because they have a timeless spiritual richness and mystery. Some of the artistic visions and dreams were carved in or painted on stone, and specially chosen physical settings became part of a sacred landscape. These connect us to the Native Americans’ past, traditions, world views, and sacred places. JUNE 2021 6 x 9 / 184 PAGES / 64 B&W FIGURES ISBN 978-0-8173-2090-6 / $49.95s HARDCOVER ISBN 978-0-8173-9362-5 / $49.95 EBOOK
Rock Art in an Indigenous Landscape includes a summary of Lenik’s previous rock art research and then surveys nonportable and portable petroglyphs, images, and symbols pecked or incised on rock in varied locations from Nova Scotia to Maryland. After a first chapter that offers the diverse perspectives of Native Americans on rock art, chapters are organized geographically: coastal sites, rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, and upland sites. In these chapters, Lenik begins with a short review of sites found in these types of landscapes. He briefly mentions sites that have been discussed in his other books and then profiles sites that he has not covered before. A glossary of rock art terms, features, and archaeological culture periods and an appendix on reported but unconfirmed petroglyph sites are added value. An up-to-date bibliography allows the reader to search for more detailed information on sites and artifacts only touched on in the book. Sixty-four images help tell the story of American Indian rock art.
Edward J. Lenik is president and principal investigator of Sheffield Archaeological Consultants, a cultural resource management firm in Wayne, New Jersey. An authority on rock art in the Northeast, he has led workshops on artifact analysis and archaeology lab work at New Jersey museums. He is author of Making Pictures in Stone: American Indian Rock Art of the Northeast, Picture Rocks: American Indian Rock Art in the Northeast Woodlands, and Amulets, Effigies, Fetishes, and Charms: Native American Artifacts and Spirit Stones from the Northeast. Nancy L. Gibbs is a writer and rock art researcher.
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CARIBBEAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOHISTORY/ L. ANTONIO CURET, SERIES EDITOR
Real, Recent, or Replica Pre-Columbian Caribbean Heritage as Art, Commodity, and Inspiration Edited by Joanna Ostapkowicz and Jonathan A. Hanna
Exposes the largely unexplored topics in Caribbean archaeology of fraud, looting of heritage sites, and illicit trade of archaeological materials Pre-Columbian art such as pottery and carved wood and stone are highly coveted in the global antiquities market. There is a growing black market for fake objects advertised, for example, as being from the pre-Columbian Saladoid or Taino culture. Lack of expertise on pre-Columbian artistic heritage among traders and collectors contributes to looting, forgery, and new art. Efforts by archaeologists to discourage looting and by museologists to recognize forgeries have been unsustainable to date. Real, Recent, or Replica: Pre-Columbian Caribbean Heritage as Art, Commodity, and Inspiration is the first book-length study of its kind to highlight the forgeries, replicas, and heritage issues in the Caribbean. The volume spans diverse issues in Caribbean material culture studies. The essays contend with difficult subject matter including the continued looting of archaeological sites in the region, to the seismic increase of forgeries, to the imbalanced power and economic relations between the producers of neo-Amerindian art and those who consume it. Taken together, it points to the continued desire for the “authentic” pre-Columbian artifact, no matter the cost. The collection examines the unintended consequences, cautionary tales, and lessons learned in this often overlooked yet robust region of antiquities. It also provides expertise for archaeologists, museum professionals, art historians, and collectors to help combat illegal trade and to help communities use their traditions to create sustainable new works.
Joanna Ostapkowicz is a research associate in Caribbean archaeology at the University of Oxford. She is the coeditor of Iconography and Wetsite Archaeology of Florida’s Watery Realms.
APRIL 2021 6 x 9 / 336 PAGES / 89 B&W FIGURES / 4 MAPS / 7 TABLES 978-0-8173-2087-4 /$69.95s HARDCOVER 978-0-8173-9345-8 / $69.95 EBOOK
CONTRIBUTORS Arlene Alvarez / Lesley-Gail Atkinson Swaby / Amanda Byer / Roger Colten / L. Antonio Curet / Mariana C. Françozo / Elena Guarch Rodríguez / Alexander Geurds / Jonathan A. Hanna / Corinne L. Hofman / Menno L. P. Hoogland / Vernon James Knight / José R. Oliver / Joanna Ostapkowicz / Peter E. Siegel / John G. Swogger / Roberto Valcárcel Rojas / Donna Yates
Jonathan A. Hanna is adjunct instructor in anthropology at Pennsylvania State University with an expertise in the prehistoric Caribbean, particularly in Grenada. “An unprecedented exploration of the furtive practices of collecting, faking and looting as they entangle the scholarly study of Caribbean archaeology and ethnohistory. Local in focus but global in impact, the book has much to teach us about the consequences and unintended consequences of public policy’s embrace of cultural heritage.” —Neil Brodie, coeditor of Illicit Antiquities: The Theft of Culture and the Extinction of Archaeology
www.uapress.ua.edu
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CARIBBEAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOHISTORY/ L. ANTONIO CURET, SERIES EDITOR
Archaeology below the Cliff Race, Class, and Redlegs in Barbadian Sugar Society Matthew C. Reilly First book-length archaeological study of a nonelite white population on a Caribbean plantation
Archaeology below the Cliff: Race, Class, and Redlegs in Barbadian Sugar Society is the first archaeological study of the poor whites of Barbados, the descendants of seventeenthcentury European indentured servants and small farmers. “Redlegs” is a pejorative to describe the marginalized group who remained after the island transitioned to a sugar monoculture economy dependent on the labor of enslaved Africans. A sizable portion of the “white” minority, the Redlegs largely existed on the peripheries of the plantation landscape in an area called “Below Cliff,” which was deemed unsuitable for profitable agricultural production. Just as the land on which they resided was cast as marginal, so too have the poor whites historically and contemporarily been derided as peripheral and isolated as well as idle, alcoholic, degenerate, inbred, and irrelevant to a functional island society and economy.
AVAILABLE 6 x 9 / 272 PAGES / 19 B&W FIGURES / 4 MAPS / 1 TABLE ISBN 978-0-8173-2028-7 / $59.95s CLOTH ISBN 978-0-8173-9242-0 / $59.95 EBOOK
Matthew C. Reilly is assistant professor of anthropology at the City College of New York. “Archaeology below the Cliff is a very holistic and strong anthropological approach to Caribbean history and archaeology. The book exemplifies the very best in anthropological methodologies and theoretical approaches.” —Georgia L. Fox, author of The Archaeology of Smoking and Tobacco
Historical Archaeologies of the Caribbean Contextualizing Sites through Colonialism, Capitalism, and Globalism Edited by Todd M. Ahlman and Gerald F. Schroedl New perspectives on Caribbean historical archaeology that go beyond the colonial plantation
Historical Archaeologies of the Caribbean: Contextualizing Sites through Colonialism, Capitalism, and Globalism addresses issues in Caribbean history and historical archaeology such as freedom, frontiers, urbanism, postemancipation life, trade, plantation life, and new heritage. This collection moves beyond plantation archaeology by expanding the knowledge of the diverse Caribbean experiences from the late seventeenth through the mid-nineteenth centuries. The essays in this volume are grounded in strong research programs and data analysis that incorporate humanistic narratives in their discussions of Amerindian, freedmen, plantation, institutional, military, and urban sites. Sites include a sample of the many different types found across the Caribbean from a variety of colonial contexts that are seldom reported in archaeological research, yet constitute components essential to understanding the full range and depth of Caribbean history. AVAILABLE 6 x 9 / 288 PAGES / 30 B&W FIGURES / 9 MAPS / 15 TABLES ISBN 978-0-8173-2032-4 / $64.95s CLOTH ISBN 978-0-8173-9248-2 / $64.95 EBOOK
Todd M. Ahlman is director of the Center for Archaeological Studies at Texas State University. He is coeditor of TVA Archaeology: Seventy-Five Years of Prehistoric Site Research. Gerald F. Schroedl is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of Tennessee. He is author of The Archaeological Occurrence of Bison in the Southern Plateau.
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maritime currents MARITIME CURRENTS: HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY / GENE L. SMITH, SERIES EDITOR
HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY Gene Allen Smith, Series Editor
Cayman’s 1794 Wreck of the Ten Sail Peace, War, and Peril in the Caribbean Margaret E. Leshikar-Denton
The greatest shipwreck disaster in the history of the Cayman Islands The story has been passed through generations for more than two centuries. Details vary depending on who is doing the telling, but all refer to this momentous maritime event as the Wreck of the Ten Sail. Sometimes misunderstood as the loss of a single ship, it was in fact the wreck of ten vessels at once, comprising one of the most dramatic maritime disasters in all of Caribbean naval history. Surviving historical documents and the remains of the wrecked ships in the sea confirm that the narrative is more than folklore. It is a legend based on a historical event in which HMS Convert, formerly L’Inconstante, a recent prize from the French, and 9 of her 58-ship merchant convoy sailing from Jamaica to Britain wrecked on the jagged eastern reefs of Grand Cayman in 1794. The incident has historical significance far beyond the boundaries of the Cayman Islands. It is tied to British and French history during the French Revolution, when these and other European nations were competing for military and commercial dominance around the globe. The Wreck of the Ten Sail attests to the worldwide distribution of European war and trade at the close of the eighteenth century. In Cayman’s 1794 Wreck of the Ten Sail: Peace, War, and Peril in the Caribbean, Margaret E. Leshikar-Denton focuses on the ships, the people, and the wrecks themselves to define their place in Caymanian, Caribbean, and European history. This well-researched volume weaves together rich oral folklore accounts, invaluable supporting documents found in archives in the United Kingdom, Jamaica, and France, and tangible evidence of the disaster from archaeological sites on the reefs of the East End.
Margaret E. Leshikar-Denton is director of the Cayman Islands National Museum. She coedited Underwater and Maritime Archaeology in Latin America and the Caribbean and contributed to the Oxford Handbook of Underwater Archaeology, Caribbean Heritage, the Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, and the Encyclopedia of Caribbean Archaeology.
AVAILABLE 6 x 9 / 316 PAGES / 45 B&W FIGURES / 14 MAPS 978-0-8173-2045-4 /$64.95s CLOTH 978-0-8173-5965-2 / $29.95 PAPER 978-0-8173-9275-8 / $29.95 EBOOK
“The Wreck of the Ten Sail was a momentous event in Cayman history that lives on today in island memory and is a story masterfully told by nautical archaeologist Margaret Leshikar-Denton. [The author] synthesizes a rich documentary record of the wrecking brought to light by years of archival research with ethnographic sources and interviews of island elders. One of the strengths of this book is the author’s innovative use of ethnographic memories and folk stories to convey the meaning of the wreck in cultural terms.” —Journal of Maritime Archaeology
www.uapress.ua.edu
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ANDEAN ARCHAEOLOGY
Las Varas Ritual and Ethnicity in the Ancient Andes Howard Tsai
Archaeological data from Las Varas, Peru, that establish the importance of ritual in constructing ethnic boundaries Recent popular discourse on nationalism and ethnicity assumes that humans by nature prefer “tribalism,” as if people cannot help but divide themselves along lines of social and ethnic difference. Research from anthropology, history, and archaeology, however, shows that individuals actively construct cultural and social ideologies to fabricate the stereotypes, myths, and beliefs that separate “us” from “them.” Archaeologist Howard Tsai and his team uncovered a thousand-year-old village in northern Peru where rituals were performed to recognize and reinforce ethnic identities.
AVAILABLE 6 x 9 / 160 PAGES / 44 B&W FIGURES / 2 MAPS / 2 TABLES ISBN 978-0-8173-2068-3 / $49.95s CLOTH ISBN 978-0-8173-9320-5 / $49.95 EBOOK
“Archaeologists and anthropologists have been interested in ethnicity for many years. Las Varas is a welcome addition to this literature, offering a unique study of relationships between different ethnic groups in the chaupiyunga zone.” —Christina Conlee, author of Beyond the Nasca Lines: Ancient Life at La Tiza in the Peruvian Desert
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This site—Las Varas—is located near the coast of Peru in a valley leading into the Andes. Excavations revealed a western entrance to Las Varas for those arriving from the coast and an eastern entryway for those coming from the highlands. Rituals were performed at both of these entrances, indicating that the community was open to exchange and interaction, yet at the same time controlled the flow of people and goods through ceremonial protocols. Using these checkpoints and associated rituals, the villagers of Las Varas were able to maintain ethnic differences between themselves and visitors from foreign lands. Las Varas: Ritual and Ethnicity in the Ancient Andes reveals a rare case of finding ethnicity relying solely on archaeological remains. In this monograph, data from the excavation of Las Varas are analyzed within a theoretical framework based on current understandings of ethnicity. Tsai’s method, approach, and inference demonstrate the potential for archaeologists to discover how ethnic identities were constructed in the past, ultimately making us question the supposed naturalness of tribal divisions in human antiquity.
Howard Tsai is lecturer at the University of Michigan’s Program in International and Comparative Studies.
www.uapress.ua.edu
HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN SOUTH AMERICA / PEDRO P. FUNARI AND JACOB J. SAUER, SERIES EDITORS
Announcing
Historical Archaeology in South America Book Series
Edited by Pedro P. Funari (University of Campinas, Brazil) and Jacob J. Sauer (Vanderbilt University The practice of historical archaeology in South America has increased dramatically in the last two decades. To help disseminate the exciting work produced by historical archaeologists across the continent, this book series aims to present the theoretical and methodological advancements being made through holistic approaches to studies of the post-1492 era. Drawing on the documentary record and ethnographic information, and emphasizing archaeological investigations, books published in this series will highlight the interconnected nature of archaeological investigation in South America and its applicability to other parts of the world. Topics of interest for publication include (but are not limited to): •
Colonialism, culture contact, and indigenous-European interactions 1492 to the present
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The experience of enslaved Africans in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Chile, and elsewhere
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Modern nation-states, indigenous communities, and archaeological practice
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New and innovative uses of technology in archaeological research
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Examinations of the relationship between material culture, documentary records, and oral history
Editorial Board Réginald Augier Lúcio Menezes Charles E. Orser Jr. Jeffrey Quilter Melisa Salerno Mary Van Buren Parker VanValkenburgh Andrés Zarankin
Please direct manuscript submission queries to: Pedro P. Funari (ppfunari@uol.com.br)
or Jacob J. Sauer (jacob.j.sauer@vanderbilt.edu)
Forthcoming in 2021: Di Hu’s The Fabric of Resistance: Textile Workshops and the Rise of Rebellious Landscapes in Colonial Peru www.uapress.ua.edu
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Wendi Schnaufer Senior Acquisitions Editor wschnaufer@uapress.ua.edu
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