Claims of past actions, campaign violations affect sheriff candidates
By Ryan Claycamp Senior News Reporter
The two candidates competing for the position of Hays County Sheriff are facing allegations about their pasts and criticism of their campaigns.
The allegations vary from campaign violations to being unemployable as a law enforcement officer. The Star investigated the claims made against each candidate and interviewed both of them.
Alex Villalobos (DEM)
Villalobos has a variety of accusations leveled against him. The accusations include misusing department resources in past law enforcement positions, abusing power, incorrectly filling out paperwork and being ineligible to be hired as a law enforcement officer.
A report by the Texas Tribune in 2019 stated former Texas State University Police
Department Officer Jason Moreno mentioned Villalobos in a lawsuit. In the suit, Villalobos and former University Police Department (UPD) Chief Jose Bañales were accused of wrongfully terminating Moreno.
The suit also accused Villalobos of using UPD resources to look into an investigation into his brother,Armando Villalobos, a former Cameron County District Attorney, who was convicted on racketeering charges.
According to the report by the Texas Tribune, Villalobos was investigated by UPD on the allegations in 2013. The Star requested documents for any investigation into Villalobos’ alleged misuse of UPD resources. The FBI would neither confirm nor deny the existence of records on Villalobos, while requests to the Texas Ranger’s Division and UPD returned no records. Villalobos continued to be employed by UPD after the alleged incident, and was promoted afterwards.
SEE HAYS COUNTY PAGE 12
First-time voters and non-voters discuss elections
By Lucciana Choueiry News Editor
As the general election draws near, Texas State students are preparing to make their voices heard at the polls, with some eager to cast their first votes and others choosing to sit this one out.
Carly Fisher, music education freshman, grew up with her parents’ voices echoing the same message: voting isn’t just a right, it’s a responsibility. That belief is what pushed her to register to vote in Denton County as soon as she turned 18 and what’s taking her to the polls next week.
“I think there’s a lot of division right now,” Fisher said. “I feel like there’s a war between both sides, just because there’s been a lot happening, not only regarding policies that have been put in place or taken away but also morally, there’s a lot of more personal reasons why people are coming out and standing up for what they believe in.”
Abortion rights, the economy and the cost of life are only some of the things pushing Fisher to cast her ballot.
SEE STUDENT PAGE 10
Main Point: Students have a voice in SMTX elections
By Editorial Board
Although the upcoming presidential election is occupying people’s minds everywhere, it is important to remember the importance of local elections. Texas State students must educate themselves on local politics, as these elections have an impact on their immediate community.
Early voting for the San Marcos general election began Monday, Oct. 21, and national election day is Nov. 5. This year, impactful San Marcos elections include the city of
San Marcos Mayor and City Council Places 5 and 6. Each position has multiple candidates up for election.
Gathering necessary information about each candidate running for a position in San Marcos takes time, but it is vital. Understanding their values and goals is crucial because decisions made in office directly affect Texas State students and the greater San Marcos community.
MAIN POINT
The San Marcos Area Chamber of
Commerce website offers valuable information on candidates. Students can find questionnaire responses as well as videos where each candidate outlines their vision for the San Marcos community if elected. It is a common belief that Texas State students are not a vital part of the community because they are usually only here for a short time. However, San Marcos issues affect students more than some
might think, and their voices must be heard. In the questionnaires, each candidate was asked about maintaining the relationship between the city of San Marcos and Texas State. This topic is something all students should pay attention to, as being aware of how candidates plan to maintain a relationship with the university is extremely important. San Marcos officials have the power to support the needs of students and that power must be properly utilized.
SEE EDITORIAL PAGE 13
PHOTO ILLUSTRATION SARAH MANNING AND SOPHIE PICKERRELL
Hays County General Election 2024 voting guide
The following federal, state and local elections are featured on ballots in San Marcos.
BY DJ ROSS
Federal
U.S. President/Vice President
★ Donald J. Trump/JD Vance (REP)
★ Kamala D. Harris/Tim Walz (DEM)
★ Chase Oliver/Mike ter Maat (LIB)
★ Jill Stein/Rudolph Ware (GRN)
State
Railroad Commissioner
★ Christi Craddick (REP)
★ Katherine Culbert (DEM)
★ Hawk Dunlap (LIB)
★ Eddie Espinoza (GRN)
Justice, Supreme Court, Place 2
★ Jimmy Blacklock (REP)
★ DaSean Jones (DEM)
Justice, Supreme Court, Place 4
★ John Devine (REP)
★ Christine Vinh Weems (DEM)
Justice, Supreme Court, Place 6
★ Jane Bland (REP)
★ Bonnie Lee Goldstein (DEM)
★ J. David Roberson (LIB)
Presiding Judge, Court of Criminal Appeals
★ David J. Schenck (REP)
★ Holly Taylor (DEM)
Judge, Court of Criminal Appeals, Place 7
★ Gina Parker (REP)
★ Nancy Mulder (DEM)
Presiding Judge, Court of Criminal Appeals, Place 7
★ Lee Finley (REP)
★ Chika Anyiam (DEM)
U.S. Senator
★ Ted Cruz (REP)
★ Colin Allred (DEM)
★ Ted Brown (LIB)
State Representative, District 45
★ Tennyson G. Moreno (REP)
★ Erin Zwiener (DEM)
Justice, 3rd Court of Appeals District, Place 2
★ John Messinger (REP)
★ Maggie Ellis (DEM)
Justice, 3rd Court of Appeals District, Place 3
★ Chari Kelly (DEM)
Justice, 3rd Court of Appeals District, Place 5
★ Karin Crump (DEM)
Justice, 3rd Court of Appeals District, Place 6
★ Gisela D. Triana (DEM)
District Judge, 22nd Judicial District
★ R. Bruce Boyer (REP)
District Judge, 453rd Judicial District
★ Sherri K. Tibbe (DEM)
District Judge, 483rd Judicial District
★ Tanner Neidhardt (REP)
★ Alicia Key (DEM)
U.S. Representative, District 21
★ Chip Roy (REP)
★ Kristin Hook (DEM)
★ Bob King (LIB)
County
Judge, County Court-at-Law Number 3
★ Robert E. Updegrove (REP)
★ Elaine S. Brown (DEM)
District Clerk (unexpired term)
★ Philip Muzzy (REP)
★ Amanda K. Calvert (DEM)
Sheriff
★ Anthony Hipolito, Jr. (REP)
★ Alex Villalobos (DEM)
Tax Assessor-Collector
★ Jennifer M. Escobar (DEM)
U.S. Representative, District 35
★ Steven Wright (REP)
★ Greg Casar (DEM)
Commissioner, Precinct 1
★ Debbie Gonzales Ingalsbe (DEM)
Commissioner, Precinct 3
★ Morgan Hammer (REP)
★ Rebecca Minnick (DEM)
Justice of the Peace, Precinct 1, Place 1
★ Jo Anne Prado (DEM)
Constable, Precinct 1
★ David L. Peterson (DEM)
Hays County, Proposition A
The issuance of $439,634,000 of bonds for the construction, maintenance and operation of macadamized, graveled or paved roads or turnpikes, or in aid thereof; and the levying of a tax sufficient to pay the principal of and interest on the bonds.
City of San Marcos general election
Mayor
★ Jane Hughson
★ Juan Miguel Arredondo
City Council, Place 5
★ Roland Saucedo
★ Atom Von Arndt
★ Griffin Spell
★ Lorenzo Gonzalez
San Marcos Consolidated Independent School District
Special Election
San Marcos Consolidated Independent School District, Proposition A
Ratifying the ad valorem tax rate of $1.015200 per $100 valuation in San Marcos Consolidated Independent School District for the current year, a rate that will result in an increase of 1.3% in maintenance and operations tax revenue for the district for the current year as compared to the preceding year, which is an additional $851,078.
Editorial Staff
Trinity Building 203 Pleasant St. San Marcos, TX 78666 (512) 245 - 3487
History: The University Star is the student newspaper of Texas State University and is published every Tuesday of the spring and fall and once a month in the summer semesters. It is distributed on campus and throughout San Marcos at 8 a.m. on publication days with a distribution of 3,500. Printing is by the New Braunfels Herald-Zeitung.
Visit The Star at universitystar.com
Editor-in-Chief: Marisa Nuñez stareditor@txstate.edu
News Editor: Lucciana Choueiry starnews@txstate.edu
Sports Editor: David Cuevas starsports@txstate.edu
PIR Director: Carlota Pulgar starpr@txstate.edu
Director: Laura Krantz laurakrantz@txstate.edu
Managing Editor: Blake Leschber starmanagingeditor@txstate.edu
Life & Arts Editor: Carlene Ottah starlifeandarts@txstate.edu
Multimedia Editor: Kobe Arriaga starmultimedia@txstate.edu
Digital Products Developer: Sri Naga Sri Govvala starweb@txstate.edu
City Council, Place 6
★ Amanda Rodriguez
★ Maraya Dunn
To qualify to vote in Hays County, residents must:
★ Be a U.S. citizen.
★ Be a resident of Hays County.
★ Be at least 18 years old.
★ Not be a convicted felon.
★ Not be determined by a final judgment of a court exercising probate jurisdiction to be totally mentally incapacitated or partially mentally incapacitated without the right to vote.
Publication Info
Design Editor: Sarah Manning stardesign@txstate.edu
Opinions Editor: Rhian Davis staropinion@txstate.edu
Engagement Editor: Diego Medel starengagement@txstate.edu
Creative Service Director: Jen Nguyen starcreative@txstate.edu
Copyright: Copyright Tuesday, October 22, 2024. All copy, photographs and graphics appearing in The University Star are the exclusive property of The University Star and may not be reproduced without the expressed written consent of the editor-in-chief.
Deadlines: Letters to the Editor or any contributed articles are due on Monday the week prior to publication.
Corrections: Any errors that are in the pages of The University Star and brought to our attention will be corrected as soon as possible.
INFOGRAPHIC
Q&A: San Marcos Mayor candidates
★ Experience: 10 years on city council, six years as mayor. ★ Occupation: San Marcos Mayor.
As San Marcos and the surrounding communities continue to grow at a rapid rate, what will you do to ease growing pains in the community?
“I don’t know that that’s a promise anyone can make, because more people means more people at the river, more people in our parks, more people at the library.”
What steps will you take to ensure that the SMPD continues to operate effectively?
“I will support the police and what they need by adding more staff, more police officers -you’ve got to train. You’ve got to make sure that you talk about how everybody there is going to [communicate].”
★ Experience: Nine years as a SMCISD Board Trustee, former state congressional staffer.
★ Occupation: Hill Country Strategies Consultant.
As San Marcos and the surrounding communities continue to grow at a rapid rate, what will you do to ease growing pains in the community?
“Growth is inevitable. I mean the fact that at 4 p.m. or 5 p.m. most of our city is crippled in gridlock should be the canary in the coal mine. We need to do more when it comes to infrastructure.”
What steps will you take to ensure that the SMPD continues to operate effectively?
“I think we’re on the right path, but we have to stay committed to investing in public safety and making sure that we have the necessary resources to deploy accordingly.”
By Ryan Claycamp Senior News Reporter
San Marcos mayor leads the city, oversees policies and works with city council to manage services, development and community programs. The candidates include incumbent Mayor Jane Hughson and San Marcos
Consolidated Independent School District (SMCISD) Board Trustee Miguel Juan Arredondo. The two previously faced each other in 2020, which ended in a runoff victory for Hughson.
What made you decide to run for mayor this election?
“Unfinished projects. The last time we did the comprehensive plan, we had a huge rewrite of the land development code, I wanted to see that through.”
What are your qualifications for office?
“City council experience, mayor experience. I have been president of five local organizations... I also am on the boards of several multi-county organizations.”
What is your biggest priority if you are elected?
“People run for office because they want to help people and that’s what I want to do also. I hope [to continue] our housing rehabilitation program.”
How will you balance the desires of the permanent residents versus the needs and desires of the university students?
“We have a lot of private developers who are coming in and building housing that is designed for students. We’ve got a lot of people coming in and building housing for those that are past college age that want to work their way into buying a home.”
How will you address the rising cost of housing in San Marcos?
“We want to make sure that we’re doing the training and offering what we can so that people can have one good full time job at a living wage with health benefits, as opposed to working two or three part-time jobs. That way, you come closer and often achieve being able to afford housing.”
How would you balance the desire of people to access the river with the health of the environment and our waterways?
“What we’re looking at is ways to limit access to the river, I hate to even say that. We want people to be able to enjoy our river, but we’ve got to get more organized about it. We’re looking at actually charging, same as New Braunfels does.”
What made you decide to run for mayor this election?
“I just believe fundamentally that we need new ideas and a different kind of leadership at city hall.”
What are your qualifications for office?
“I’m serving my ninth year as an elected official on SMCISD’s Board of Trustees. I think that breadth of experience lends itself for me being uniquely positioned to lead our community.”
What is your biggest priority if you are elected?
“San Marcos is a low-income community, about 70% of our citizens live paycheck to paycheck. About 70% are also renters because they can’t afford homes. That needs to change.”
How will you balance the desires of the permanent residents versus the needs and desires of the university students?
“As mayor, my hope is that we start looking at that as a more symbiotic relationship. We should look at it holistically and not perpetuate the us versus them mentality, because everyone calls San Marcos home for a period of time.”
How will you address the rising cost of housing in San Marcos?
“Supply and demand is a real thing, so to address our housing affordability crisis, we need more access and more housing in general. Allowing that type of development in our community, allowing for more variety of diverse housing options.”
How would you balance the desire of people to access the river with the health of the environment and our waterways?
“If it is our city’s intent to protect the river and decrease pollution or the waste from single use containers, then I fundamentally believe that we need to offer San Martian’s an alternative to the river. Expanding water recreation activities separate from the river would be something that I would pursue.”
Jane Hughson
Miguel Juan Arredondo
PHOTO BY LUCAS KRAFT
PHOTO BY ROBERT STEPHENSON
Q&A: Hays County Sheriff candidates
What made you decide to run for sheriff this year?
By Ryan Claycamp Senior News Reporter
The Hays County Sheriff oversees county policing, manages the jail, executes warrants, provides court security and coordinates with other law enforcement agencies to ensure public safety.
“This is something I wanted to do for a long time, probably the last 10 to 15 years. It was time this year because Sheriff Cutler is retiring at the end of his term.”
What are your qualifications for office?
“I have 26 years of law enforcement experience. I policed in the [11th] largest city in the country, in Austin; so I can bring that level of policing to a growing Hays County.”
What would be your top priority if elected?
“My priority is always going to be public safety. Everybody should be able to walk around [their] neighborhoods without being in fear of anything happening to [them].”
How will you handle the fentanyl crisis in Hays County?
“That’s an ongoing battle that we’re going to continue to fight, not only with fentanyl but with every drug out there because every drug today is going to have fentanyl in it. It’s a three-pronged approach, with the education, but also the enforcement part of it and then the third prong of that is to collaborate with our community.”
There’s been an uptick in threats against schools recently. How will you work to ensure the security of local schools?
“Collaborating with our school districts, being more proactive, doing more education, getting the word out to our students on how serious of a matter this is and how serious we’re going to continue to take it here at the sheriff’s office. We’re going to continue to file charges on students or adults that are just haphazardly making these threats.”
Hays County is one of the fastest-growing areas in the nation. What will you do to ensure that the sheriff department’s resources are able to keep up with growth?
“That’s where the relationship with our county commissioners comes in. I’ve got really good relationships with everyone on that dais. If you don’t stay on top of the growth, if you’re not forward thinking and continuing to grow the sheriff’s office to ensure that we have enough deputies on the streets, you can fall behind quickly and crime will soar.”
What made you decide to run for sheriff?
“I’ve always wanted to be an elected sheriff. I saw early on that when you have these philosophical discussions of professionalizing the industry of law enforcement that you have to be in a policy-making position.”
What are your qualifications for office?
“I’ve got just under 7,000 training hours within law enforcement. I’ve also been an elected leader by the city of Kyle, where I was elected into that position by thousands of people.”
What would be your top priority if elected?
“One of the top ones is to really assess the entire organization, to see where they’re at in all aspects, see where we can maximize our resources in the best interest of the county.”
How will you handle the fentanyl crisis in Hays County?
“One of the things I’d like to do is build out programming on community engagement, not only in our schools but within the communities, to have an understanding when we have a trend that can be critical, like fentanyl, that comes to us then we should be out in front of it before it becomes a crisis in our community.”
There’s been an uptick in threats against schools recently. How will you work to ensure the security of local schools?
“I think the biggest issue that we have with these threats is how we do threat assessment. We don’t want to be in a position where we have knee-jerk reactions that we’re shutting down schools on a regular basis, because we have to create an environment that’s conducive to learning and success to academics.”
Hays County is one of the fastest-growing areas in the nation. What will you do to ensure that the sheriff’s department resources are able to keep up with growth?
“That’s one of the things where I feel like being a chief of staff and elected city council member gives me perspective on where I can advocate for resources. I don’t see a whole lot of law enforcement coming to the open houses when it comes to the bond open house [or] when it comes to any kind of infrastructure improvement or creation within our county.”
Current Hays County Sheriff Gary Cutler is not running for reelection.
Anthony
(REP)
★ Experience: 23 years with the Austin Police Department. Three years with Hays County Sheriff’s department.
★ Occupation: Hays County Sheriff deputy in the community outreach division.
Along with policing, sheriffs also run county jails. How will you run the jail if elected?
“What I want to do in regards to our jail is to do everything I can to bring as many of our prisoners back to Hays County. It’s not about the money. When we outsource prisoners, it affects the efficiency of the justice system.”
How will you work with the courts and district attorney to ensure that criminal proceedings are done in a timely manner?
“If we have that constant dialogue between all law enforcement and the district attorney’s office, we can be successful with ensuring that the cases are being heard. And I think those conversations not only need to be had with the [district attorney], but also the elected judges. We’re all one big team.”
★ Experience: 11 years at Texas State UPD. Former city councilman for the city of Kyle.
★ Occupation: Hays County Chief of Staff.
Along with policing, sheriffs also run county jails. How will you run the jail if elected?
“We have been listed as the most violent jail in Texas. A lot of these programs that I bring forward will lessen that. We want to be a nationally accredited organization that’s a leader in corrections and law enforcement and community building.”
How will you work with the courts and district attorney to ensure that criminal proceedings are done in a timely manner?
“By having regular and consistent meetings with those different divisions, understanding what those needs are, listening to what those needs are, making sure that we’re all on the same page with regards to maintaining the constitutional rights of all people that come into the system.”
Hipolito
Alex Villalobos (DEM)
PHOTO COURTESY OF ANTHONY HIPOLITO
PHOTO COURTESY OF ALEX VILLALOBOS
Q&A: City Council Place 6 candidates
Amanda Rodriguez
★ Experience: Four years as Legislative Director in the House of Representatives.
★ Occupation: Legislative Director in the House of Representatives.
With San Marcos’ large student population, what would you do to balance the needs with that population and the locals in the city alike?
“We need to do more as a city whether it’s through hosting town halls, whether it’s going quarterly to Texas State and partnering with Texas State and giving people an opportunity to know like ‘Hey on this date through this year, this is when the city officials will come, so [San Marcos citizens] come share your thoughts, come share your opinions, come share’.”
By Lesdy Hernandez News Reporter
The San Marcos City Council Place 6 seat is one of the positions on the city’s legislative body, representing residents in decisions on local ordinances, budgets and city policies, along-
side five other councilmembers and the mayor. Jude Prather is the current councilmember in Place 6 but he is not running for reelection.
What made you decide to run for City Council Place 6?
“I think now more than ever, I’ve put my career aspirations aside because I genuinely want to figure out, ‘What can we do locally to better take care of our people?’ ‘What infrastructure can we build that will last not five or 10 years, but will last long into the future?’ and you don’t see a lot of that focus exist in the legislative bodies and I want to make that change.”
As San Marcos continues to grow, what plans do you have to accommodate that growth?
“We see this university expanding. It’s encroaching onto [San Marcos’] plots of land and that relationship is so strained right now, so I want to come up with ways to adequately address housing for students that don’t look like rent-by-the-bedrooms -- those very exploitative rent agreements.”
What are your top priorities?
“We know that crime is low when people have access to their basic needs, when they’re not struggling to figure out where they’re going to stay, when they’re not struggling to figure out how they’re going to pay their bills. That’s what they need, but we don’t prioritize people. We prioritize this one line of absolute funding, and it’s never going to work, so that’s what I’m interested in.”
What do you believe to be the biggest issues San Marcos is facing?
“Housing and really the biggest issue is lack of access to income, lack of access to wealth, which we see trickle down into various things. It’s hard to look at the way we create our budgets, and how public safety, police and fire make up almost half and you have people who are trying to get unhoused people access to resources at the end of the day.”
Maraya Dunn
★ Experience: Downtown Association of San Marcos, San Marcos Planning & Zoning Commissioner.
★ Occupation: Owner of Stinky Dawg.
What made you decide to run for City Council Place 6?
“I have been able to learn about San Marcos’ rich and unique history and what gravitates us; it’s not just the university, it’s not just the river and we all come from different walks of life in different areas, and we’re that melting pot that everybody wants to be a part of. Learning so much about that is what really propelled me into running for city council.”
As San Marcos continues to grow, what plans do you have to accommodate that growth?
“Economic prosperity is my number one [plan] and bringing in those well-paying jobs to keep students here, to keep families, to attract families here, not just for the river or for the charm of our downtown, but ‘Hey, I can go work this job and it be one job not three jobs, to make ends meet, one good paying job,’ so that’s where I want to start fostering economic well-paying jobs.”
What are your top priorities?
“I want to start fostering well-paying jobs. Second, addressing our housing issue, we don’t have enough diverse housing options, so bringing in housing developments that cater to different income levels so we’re not pushing people out of the city that they love.”
What do you believe to be the biggest issues San Marcos is facing?
“Not having well-paying jobs and the vigorous red tape in place to attract new and keep existing businesses here. I think those two are the biggest issues, because when students graduate, I don’t know what your plan looks like, but I mean, you came there for a reason.”
With San Marcos’ large student population, what would you do to balance the needs with that population and the locals in the city alike?
“We’re one, we’re all here, so finding that happy medium, there’s a happy middle, and you can achieve whatever it is that one side wants and what one other side doesn’t want without compromising.”
PHOTO COURTESY OF AMANDA RODRIGUEZ
PHOTO BY LUCAS KRAFT
Q&A: City Council Place 5 candidates
By Eleanor Munoz, Candace Taggart News Reporters
The San Marcos City Council Place 5 seat is a key position within the city’s governing body, representing constituents in shaping local ordinances, budget allocations and city policies. The councilmember in this role works alongside
What made you decide to run for City Council Place 5?
“I felt like, with losing two people on council, it was really important for someone who was qualified to run for the seat. I was the first person to file and I do have support from the incumbent councilmember Mark Gleason.”
What are your top priorities?
“We need to bring in things like manufacturing jobs that provide good wages for San Marcos citizens that will also pay property taxes so we’re less reliant on sales tax revenue which can fluctuate year-by-year.”
With San Marcos’ large student population, what would you do to balance the needs of that population and the locals in the city alike?
“Something we need to prioritize more is helping students who come to San Marcos, who fall in love with the city like I did and helping them stay in San Marcos to feel welcome here, to be able to get a job that pays well in San Marcos and a home that they can stay and raise a family.”
As the city of San Marcos continues to grow, what plans do you have to accommodate that growth?
“[We need to] start working on getting professional transportation infrastructure, a bus service that covers the entire city and having that go into operation soon.”
What made you decide for City Council Place 5?
“It seemed there was a lot of people on the ticket already, and it seemed fun because I’ve kept running against just the incumbent. So I’m like, this is the one to go on.”
What are your top priorities?
“Correcting the housing discrepancy that we have in this town, working towards more on keeping the developers in check, keeping the thoughts of the people at the forefront and protecting the river. I have a plan for trying to eliminate the student housing issue and making it equitable for everybody in the city, students and residents alike.”
With San Marcos’s large student population, what would you do to balance the needs of that population and the locals in the city alike?
“The students are just as important as the people who are going to live here forever, so making sure that they’re taken care of. Change needs to happen and it needs to happen on a bigger scale, but the only way we can start that is on the smaller scale.”
As the city of San Marcos continues to grow, what plans do you have to accommodate that growth?
“Housing that’s available to everybody. Designing the city around what’s coming, a lot of the city is unfortunately talking about ‘Oh we don’t want our neighborhood to change’ but the city is going to keep growing, we need to be smart about where that growth is. We need to go the other side of I-35 and start developing more city centers over there.”
What made you decide for City Council Place 5?
“In recent elections, we’ve campaigned and elected people that have made promises and commitments to represent our community, and they fall short of it. I felt like it was time for me to step up and actually give the people a representative that is truly going to represent their voice and not my own agenda.”
What are your top priorities?
“We can apply [task-force suggestions] to our updated current data, and consolidate those initiatives to start implementing them. We need to open a dialogue between developers and residents, so we can start moving forward with a plan of action to be able to increase housing stock and provide alternative affordable housing.”
the mayor and five other councilmembers. Mark Gleason is the current councilmember in Place 5 but he is not running for reelection.
★ Experience: Current vice chair of Planning & Zoning Commission and member of San Marcos Industrial Development Corporation board.
★ Occupation: Consultant.
★ Experience: Member of Main Street Advisory Board.
★ Occupation: Salesman, Clown.
★ Experience: Chair of Neighborhood Commission, Hays County Election advisory board.
★ Occupation: Communications clerk at Splash. Coworking
Griffin Spell
Atom Von Arndt
Roland Saucedo
PHOTO COURTESY OF GRIFFIN SPELL
PHOTO BY ROBERT STEPHENSON
PHOTO BY MEG BOLES
FROM PAGE 6 CITY COUNCIL PLACE 5
With San Marcos’ large student population, what would you do to balance the needs of that population and the locals in the city alike?
“The relationship between city residents and university students isn’t unsuccessful, but needs to be improved. I’d like to just recognize everyone as neighbors, even though they’re students. We need an open dialogue about resident and student needs and the university and the city could also have more transparency.”
Lorenzo Gonzalez
★ Experience: San Antonio neighborhood commission, president of League of United Latin American Citizens council 22521.
★ Occupation: Law enforcement officer at Del Valle ISD.
As the city of San Marcos continues to grow, what plans do you have to accommodate that growth?
“I think all the information from the studies and task forces the city has invested money into needs to be consolidated and applied. Then we need to have a partnership between the students at the university and San Marcos residents as well as the development and business community. It’s that partnership that’s going to garner our economy and the wellbeing of our neighborhoods.”
What made you decide to run for City Council Place 5?
“When I ran in the March primary [for Hays County Constable], people asked my opinion on things going on in the city... it was really hard get in contact with elected officials. I’ve always been the type of person that’s for transparency, and that elected officials work for you, not the other way around.”
What are your top priorities?
“One is getting the wheels turning to begin solving the affordable housing issue, but that’s going to be a long road. Transparency is my biggest motivation for running, so whatever my constituents’ priority is my priority. I want the voice of the everyday citizen in front of the council.”
With San Marcos’ large student population, what would you do to balance the needs with that population and the locals in the city alike?
“Step one is to stop seeing them as two different groups. They might need different needs because there is an almost younger generation versus an older generation situation, and obviously they’re going to have different needs, but to stop seeing them as long-term visitors versus residents would be the first step in that balancing.”
As the city of San Marcos continues to grow, what plans do you have to accommodate that growth?
“I think going and really looking back at our planning and zoning law to see how we could modify some of those rules, especially regarding the requirements for multi-family structures. Some of the rules the Planning & Zoning Committee follow are antiquated and make no sense today.”
Q&A: Hays County Commissioners Court Precinct 3 candidates
What made you decide to run for commissioner this election?
“I’m a Texas State alumnus, and it’s not the same Hays County that I remember when I went to school here, we’re having more crime... Because I have a two-year-old daughter, I want to make sure that it continues to get safer and we make it a safe place for her to grow up and her to be able to experience life here.”
What are your qualifications for office?
“I’m a financial advisor. It’s what I do on a day-to-day basis...I am the chair of the San Marcos Young Professionals... we focus on professional development, from either Texas State students we’ve had, or just younger professionals to keep them here... I’m the vice president of a nonprofit called Mission Able here in Hays County, and we do home restoration and renovation for low-income families.”
How will you manage the balance between stabilizing development and sustaining and protecting the environment of San Marcos?
“We have a lot of great natural resources that we need to preserve and make sure that we are focusing on... unfortunately, the Trinity River is getting lower and lower every day, and it’s an issue that needs to be a top priority... so, making sure that we’re doing safe and sustainable growth and we’re not growing with unintended consequences that comes with hurting our natural resources.”
What are your top priorities?
“My number one priority is public safety... my second top priority is going to be water conservation and preservation... and then third is emergency services.”
How do you plan to maximize the use of tax dollars in the county budget?
“I think that a lot of people don’t know TxDOT is helping counties with the most funding that they’ve ever given out... I plan on working well and learning all of the aspects to using those TxDOT dollars to be able... to not have the taxpayers pay for our roads, and to focus more on TxDOT helping out with us.”
What made you decide to run for commissioner this election?
“Water. Primarily water. From 2022 to now we’ve had all these water issues. Blue Hole Park, we had to close down the swim lawn [last year], we’ve had some wells go dry. Without a dependable supply of water you cannot have the public services required for a functioning county. Fire mitigation requires water.”
What are your qualifications for this office?
“I’ve been on Wimberley City Council since 2019. Prior to that I have been on Wimberley’s [Planning & Zoning] Commission, prior to that I was on the Board of Adjustments. [In Bellaire] I was on the Planning & Zoning Commission… I was public information officer for a school district. [Public service] is my way to volunteer. This is something that I am interested in and it is something that I have developed a background in. I have worked with builders, I have worked with developers, I have worked with large scale healthcare companies.”
How will you manage the balance between stabilizing development and protecting the environment of San Marcos?
“We need to incentivize conservation and smart water use. In Wimberley, we have [several buildings] that use rain water collection and condensate conversion. They are able to support 50% of the building with those measures, which adds up... [Sustainable methods are] possible, but we have to be smart about it. There have been proposals before the county about these more responsible development methods, they just haven’t been codified yet. Some of these methods need to be revisited.”
What are your top priorities?
“I say water because everything depends on it. We need to have consistency in how we are treating it because Jacob’s Well has not been open for business for two years. That is a symptom of the fact that these aquifers are running low. We need to pay attention to that because water is our lifeblood. We’ve had two major wildfires in this area in two years. How do we put it out if we don’t have water? So much of this depends on our ability to manage it, to be smart with it.”
How do you plan to maximize the use of tax dollars in the county budget?
“My philosophy is this: your budget reflects your values. The budget should be in keeping with the things that we understand are important to quality of life- sustainability and efficiency. In the budgets that I’ve worked on that is exactly what we have done... I see that there are certain things that need to be addressed, and I prefer incentives over punishment.”
By Jamie Moore, Carter Lawson News Reporters
The Precinct 3 seat on the Hays County Commissioners Court is part of the county’s policy-making body, overseeing the budget, tax rate and county services. The commissioner works alongside three other commissioners and the county judge. Lon A. Shell is the current commissioner of Precinct 3 but he is not running for reelection.
★ Experience: Chair of the San Marcos Young Professionals, vice president of Mission Able.
★ Occupation: Financial Advisor.
As Texas State University continues to encourage the growth of its student population, how do you plan to help the county prepare for the increase?
“We look into areas that we can give [students] to develop that don’t harm or hurt our natural resources, and we can also offer them opportunities to partner with the county to keep those students... we really just need to make sure that the infrastructure we’re putting in place doesn’t harm our natural resources, but it also allows to maintain the quality of living that we currently have.”
★ Experience: Planning & Zoning committee member, public information officer for Friendswood ISD.
★ Occupation: Mayor Pro Tem, Wimberley city councilmember.
As Texas State University continues to encourage the growth of its student population, how do you plan to help the county respond and prepare for the increase?
“I think the university is an important partner for the county and the city. We need to make a priority of building that relationship. There are certain things we have to partner on; that includes public safety and traffic; as much as we can do to get people on bicycles [to take advantages of bike lanes]”
Morgan Hammer (REP)
Rebecca Minnick (DEM)
PHOTO BY ROBERT STEPHENSON
PHOTO COURTESY OF MORGAN HAMMER
Hays County Commissioner Debbie Gonzales Ingalsbe seeks reelection
By Jacquelyn Burrer News Reporter
Debbie Gonzales Ingalsbe, the incumbent Democrat candidate, is running unopposed for Hays County Commissioner Precinct 1, which means she will be reelected for the 2024-28 term.
Ingalsbe was first elected in 1996, marking the court’s first woman and Latina elected official.
According to her campaign platform, Ingalsbe’s priorities for her next term consist of improving Hays County infrastructure, expanding access to affordable healthcare and reforming the local criminal justice system.
During her last term, Ingalsbe sponsored various infrastructure projects, including the road improvements at the intersection of I-35 and Posey Road and various county projects to improve sidewalks near local schools for children to walk or bike to school.
Ingalsbe is particularly focused on enhancing infrastructure in the eastern communities of Hays County.
Q&A: Hays County District Clerk candidates
Why are you running for district clerk?
In addition, Ingalsbe is also committed to building on current affordable healthcare and mental healthcare initiatives, particularly in underserved areas of Hays County.
In the past, Ingalsbe sponsored and successfully expanded mental health and substance abuse resources for veterans in Hays County, including Hays County’s agreement with Austin Recovery Inc. that provides intensive inpatient treatment at no expense for veterans with substance abuse conditions.
Ingalsbe was also involved in previous efforts for criminal justice reform, including sponsoring the creation of the Jail Population Dashboard for Hays County, which is meant to provide up-to-date information and data from the jail available to the public.
In her next term, Ingalsbe wants to specifically focus on improving rehabilitation and re-entry programs for former inmates to decrease repeat incarceration rates in the county.
The University Star reached out to Debbie Gonzales Ingalsbe for an interview but she was unavailable.
By James Phillips News Reporter
The Hays County District Clerk manages district court records, oversees jury services and administers criminal, civil and family law cases in the county.
“I’ve been working for Hays County’s criminal justice system for 11 years now. I work in the [district attorney’s] office and I’m the felony lead supervisor over there; so I’m really running to get experience back in that office and get it stabilized.”
The previous district clerk resigned after a district judge found him incompetent and a lawsuit was filed to remove him from office. How will you address the backlog of inmates caused by the previous clerk?
“I don’t know if I would say a backlog of inmates was caused by the previous clerk. I think there’s a lot of administrative paperwork and things like that, that fell between the cracks that weren’t followed correctly... I know solutions to deal with them and I’m planning on meeting with the departments just to get us all on the same page.”
What qualifications do you have for Hays County District Clerk?
“I was hired on at the district attorney’s office and I was promoted a year later to the felony lead supervisor so I’ve been doing that for a decade. I have a thorough knowledge of the criminal justice system and the felony lead supervisor and the district clerk, their responsibilities closely mirror each other. We deal with indictments filing subpoenas, keeping records, archiving records. So I feel well-suited and experienced for this position.”
If elected, you would be one of the first openly LGBTQ+ elected officials within Hays County, how does that impact your campaign?
“It’s not really something that I think about, but I like the idea of the example that it sets for people who are in the LGBTQ+ community. They can see someone who can get into positions like this and
★ Experience: Hays County Commissioner since 1996.
★ Occupation: Hays County Commissioner Precinct 1.
★ Experience: Judicial Administration.
★ Occupation: Felony lead supervisor for Hays County.
hopefully inspire them to seek out higher positions and obtain their goals.”
What would be the goals of your term as Hays County District Clerk?
“My goal would be to make sure all of our statemandated reporting is up to code, to make sure that office is stabilized, to make sure the staff is adequately trained and that they feel confident in doing their jobs.”
Avery Anderson served as the previous Hays County district clerk for two years before resigning in July.
Amanda Calvert (DEM)
PHOTO COURTESY OF DEBBIE GONZALES INGALSBE
PHOTO BY MEG BOLES SEE DISTRICT CLERK PAGE 9
Why are you running for district clerk?
“I had a big problem with the jury summons [under the previous clerk]. [San Marcos Police Department] Officer Kenneth Copeland was tragically killed, when it was time for his day in court... not one juror showed up. The local law enforcement agencies had to deliver 1,000 jury summons by hand within a couple of days, so that was kind of the icing on the cake for me.”
The previous district clerk resigned after a district judge found him incompetent and a lawsuit was filed to remove him from office. How will you address the backlog of inmates caused by the previous clerk?
“We’re working with the [district attorney’s] office and all the stakeholders... as far as the office itself, making sure we’re 100% in compliance, and being in compliance is making sure that the backlog is taken care of.”
What qualifications do you have for Hays County District Clerk?
“I got 30 years experience in the private and the public sector. What I mean by that is I’ve owned businesses: I served in the public sector as a teacher, head coach, associate principal. I started my own charter school district. I have a master’s degree in educational leadership from Texas State University and a bachelor’s in sociology, so my qualifications are really about administrative leadership and organizational leadership.”
What would be the goals of your term as Hays County District Clerk?
“Number one is the jury service experience, making sure that Tyro Technologies is a software being used. I want to make sure that we have proper training for all the staff and cross training. I think a good idea would be to supplement the staff with an internship program... that would also provide a pipeline for future employees.”
Muzzy’s campaign did not release its first public financial disclosure until Oct. 17.
The Texas Ethics Commission states “an opposed candidate in an upcoming election must file reports of contributions and expenditures 30 days and 8 days before the election.”
FROM FRONT STUDENT
Lianna Mohrmann, history and education freshman, said she also thinks politics is divided which is why she is choosing not to vote in the general election, even though she is registered in Williamson County.
“I never try to get into it, because I feel like it’s always messy. [Politicians] just do it for incentive, they’re not always doing it for the better good of the people,” Mohrmann said.
Mohrmann said she doesn’t feel educated enough to be voting this year.
“People should be educating the younger generation, like my generation, around this time because we’re the next ones in politics and we are bearing the consequences,” Mohrmann said.
Fisher also said colleges could better guide students to resources for informed voting, citing her experience with mail-in ballots which she described as a difficult process for students unfamiliar with voting procedures.
According to U.S. Census data, Texas voters aged 18-24 had the
Philip Muzzy (REP)
★ Experience: Business and School Administration.
★ Occupation: Owner of Five Mile Construction.
However, even if elected, Muzzy cannot accept the position of Hays County District Clerk. In a statement to The Star, Muzzy wrote he is administratively disqualified from accepting the position of district clerk because he voted in the Democratic Party primary.
lowest voter registration rates across the last four election cycles, trailing behind all other age groups.
This comes as no surprise to Kaden Umnitz, computer science freshman. He said politics often feels like a taboo subject among college students, making them less likely to engage.
“If you’re going to bring up politics to someone, you want to make sure you’re in a stable relationship with that person, just because not everyone can handle opposing viewpoints,” Umnitz said. “…There’s a stigma around [politics], you think you’re just gonna get attacked if you verbalize your viewpoint.”
Umnitz has been engaged in politics since he was 12 years old so he said he is looking forward to voting for the first time on Oct. 21 at the early voting ballot in the LBJ Student Center.
“If you want to see actual social change, you’re going to want to vote,” Umnitz said.
First-time voter Lola Rolon, marketing freshman, said college helps her find her individuality, which
“In this case, I voted for a friend and local community leader, who happens to be a Democrat in a primary election. Because of this, I am technically administratively disqualified at the last minute. My name is still on the ballot for [Nov. 5]. I humbly ask that you stand beside me and send a message to both parties in local elections. We choose people, not political parties.”
now guides her voting. Despite her parents’ efforts to sway her politically, she’s committed to making her own choices.
Former student leader for Texas Rising at TXST Adriana Montoya and Hays County volunteer deputy registrar Diann McCabe help students register to vote, Wednesday, Sept. 13, 2023, at HSI Community Day hosted in the LBJ Student Center Ballroom.
PHOTO BY MEG BOLES
PHOTO COURTESY OF PHILIP MUZZY
ELECTION GUIDE
Moreno’s lawsuit against Texas State University was dismissed in 2021.
“Both of my F-5s, which are my separation papers from the departments I had, both show me in honorable status,” Villalobos said.
According to an article from the Hays Free Press, former Commissioner Walt Smith accused Villalobos, in his capacity as Hays County Chief of Staff, of fraudulently and incorrectly filling out time sheets. At the time of the allegations, Villalobos resigned from his position, saying that he was seeking another job.
Villalobos said Smith’s accusation was baseless and politically motivated due to Villalobos running against then incumbent Sheriff Gary Cutler.
“It’s completely not true,” Villalobos said. “I didn’t make any friends by running against an incumbent. Largely, those comments come from a Republican commissioner, and those are [from] Walt Smith.”
In January 2023, the Hays County Commissioners Court rehired Villalobos as the Hays County Chief of Staff.
“There would be no way that I would be hired back to the same position, should I have any issues of violating policies that way,” Villalobos said. “Just want to make sure that the public knows that not only was I appointed and approved by the full court, it was a unanimous decision to hire me back when I was brought back.”
Through a public records request, The Star received a letter from Travis County Constable Precinct 3, that showed Villalobos had applied for a position then withdrew his application. The letter, written by Travis County Constable Precinct 3 Chief Deputy Saul Medrano, said he was told “in an unofficial capacity (and off the record),” that Villalobos was “permanently disqualified” from being hired by law enforcement agencies in Hays County.
The Star filed a public records request with the Hays County Criminal District Attorney’s Office to verify if Villalobos is on a list of officers not to hire, but has not received any records yet.
Stacy Suits, the elected constable for Travis County Precinct 3, sent an email to Villalobos
saying he disagrees with Medrano’s letter. Suits went as far as to endorse Villalobos’ campaign for sheriff.
“From my standpoint, there is nothing that disqualifies Alex Villalobos from applying and competing for a role within my office. Alex Villalobos won’t need to because he will be the next Sheriff of Hays County,” Suits wrote in an email to Villalobos.
Villalobos also countered Medrano’s statement, saying he is eligible to serve as a peace officer anywhere in Texas.
“I’m currently commissioned with an agency as a reserve deputy,” Villalobos said. “It’s in Maverick County, but it’s a state license, and a state license allows you to apply anywhere and be good.”
Anthony Hipolito (REP)
Hipolito was accused of violating Texas campaign finance laws by paying his wife out of his campaign funds.
According to his campaign finance reports, Hipolito paid his wife Peggy $8,000 on July 24, 2023, as an “advertising expense.” Hipolito claims that a consultant told him that it was legal to do.
“I was told I could pay her. I was given the wrong advice,” Hipolito said.
According to another campaign finance report, Hipolito and his wife refunded the campaign the full $8,000 on Sept. 27.
“It’s been rectified, and we’re moving forward,” Hipolito said. “If I mess up, I’m going to tell you. I’m going to tell the public about it.”
Neither the Texas Ethics Commission nor Attorney General’s Office have charged Hipolito with a crime in connection to the payment to his wife.
Scan the QR code to read The Star’s Q&A with both candidates.
An excerpt from a Travis County Constable Pct. 3 letter in December 2022 about Villalobos’ law enforcement background.
Anthony Hipolito’s Jan. 19, 2024 campaign finance disclosure showing an illegal payment to his wife Peggy Hipolito.
OPINIONS
Opinions in The University Star are not necessarily those of our entire publication, Texas State University’s administration, Board of Regents, School of Journalism and Mass Communication or Student Publications Board.
publication.
A significant issue on the ballot this year is housing availability, which is important to Texas State students and San Marcos citizens alike. Both mayoral candidates have plans regarding the
housing shortage San Marcos is facing, and reading about those plans will help students vote for what they need.
Another important election issue for students is transportation infrastructure in San Marcos. Each candidate discussed in their questionnaire how they plan to improve transportation in San Marcos, whether it be through increased walking and bike paths or improved bus systems.
Lastly, as the city grows, the balance between economic growth and environmental consideration continues to challenge San Marcos. San Marcos is home to the river and many endangered species, but also to rapid developmental growth.
There are concerns regarding how San Marcos will
continue to preserve its ecosystems. Each candidate has spoken about how they feel about this balance and how they plan to move forward with economic and city-wide growth as it affects the environment. These issues all hit close to home, therefore students must educate themselves on each candidate. Texas State students are members of the San Marcos community, and the choices made by San Marcos officials directly impact them. Local elections are how students can ensure their voices are heard.
Scan the QR code to visit the San Marcos Area Chamber of Commerce website.
Clash of Columns: College Republicans and Democrats discuss 2024 San Marcos general election races
By Carly French College Republicans President
Texas State, San Marcos and Hays County are represented very well on the Republican ballot. We have Bobcat alumni Morgan Hammer running for County Commissioner of Precinct 3 and Philip Muzzy running for County Clerk, adjunct professor for criminal justice Judge Tanner Neidhardt for District Judge and student Tennyson Moreno running for State Representative for HD 45.
Although he is not a Bobcat, the candidate for sheriff, Anthony Hipolito, is a big Texas State fan, a longtime resident of Hays County, and has been in law enforcement for over 26 years. We also have Robert “Wood” Updegrove in the running for Court-at-Law Place 3. Another county-wide candidate is Steven Wright for U.S. Congress over District 35. He is not a native Texan, but he got here as quickly as he could and is currently a bus driver for Hays ISD.
Though they are not labeled as Republican or Democrat, and rightfully so, we have also had the pleasure of meeting Griffin Spell, candidate for City Council Place 5, and Maraya Dunn, candidate for City Council Place 6, and agree with their view of the future of San Marcos. The two are also Bobcat alums and Dunn owns a business in downtown San Marcos.
With servant hearts, these candidates are truly running to serve us—the citizens of San Marcos and Hays County. They value public safety, and fiscal accountability and want to protect our gorgeous rivers and downtown square that make San Marcos, San Marcos.
Many of them have significant ties to the community, either from living here for years or sticking around after graduating from Texas State, which shows they value their community and are running to help it. I think there is something to be told that we have so many Texas State alumni on the ballot this go around. As much as some people want to ignore it, having Texas State as a part of San Marcos and recognizing that is what sets apart these candidates. They realize that some of us are here for a short time, but that we are a part of the community just as they are. We are so excited to see the outcomes of these races.
One of the more prevalent bonds that we have been talking about is Proposition A, which is a road bond designed to improve road quality, though it will affect property taxes if passed. I feel as though the Republicans across Hays County are divided on this issue, as many of them realize that we need improvements to the roads, but don’t believe that this bond is the way to get that done.
There are also some environmental organizations warning that some roads included in the bonds package would cross certain creeks, rivers and watersheds, which would affect the environment within them. These are all strong concerns, which is why I am also torn on the issue. The two San Marcos projects would be at Leah Avenue and Centerpoint Road, the latter being the most prominent location.
As this is just one person’s opinion, we strongly encourage voters to do their research. Don’t just vote because someone has a D or R by their name. Make sure you know their policies and agree with them since they will be representing you in their offices.
By Averyann Guggenheim College Democrats President
Local elections play a pivotal role in shaping the political process, as they directly control the facets of daily life that matter most, including education, public safety, transportation and housing.
Unlike national elections, where the outcomes may feel distant, decisions made at the local level often have the most immediate and tangible impact on communities. For example, Rebecca Minnick, a candidate for Hays County Commissioner, has made it a priority to improve public transportation and expand affordable housing options. By addressing these critical issues, she exemplifies how local leadership directly affects residents’ daily lives. This proximity to everyday concerns makes local elections a cornerstone of civic engagement, fostering a sense of responsibility and participation in the democratic process. They offer citizens a direct path to influencing policies that affect their neighborhoods, allowing individuals to hold leaders like Minnick accountable for the issues that matter to them. Furthermore, local offices serve as vital stepping stones for political careers. Many of today’s prominent state and national leaders began their public service at the local level, using this platform to gain invaluable experience, build essential connections and understand the needs of their constituents. Kirstin Hook, running for Hays County Sheriff, is an excellent example of this. Her progressive approach to law enforcement, focusing on criminal justice reform and community policing, not only reflects the needs of the local community, but also sets her up as a potential future leader in state or national politics. By engaging with local elections, citizens not only shape their immediate environment but also influence the trajectory of future political leaders.
Local governments also act as laboratories for policy innovation, where new ideas are frequently tested before being adopted on a broader scale. Progressive or experimental policies, whether related to climate change, housing reform or social justice, often originate in local jurisdictions. Judge Elaine Brown, who is running for re-election in Hays County, has been a strong advocate for equitable housing policies and mental health initiatives. Her work demonstrates how local elections create opportunities for innovative policy solutions that can later inspire broader legislative changes at the state or federal level.
In addition, local elections provide an opportunity for more diverse representation. In contrast to higher levels of government, where political and financial barriers often restrict entry, local elections allow communities to elect leaders who deeply understand their specific needs and challenges.
Another key aspect of local elections is their relatively low voter turnout. While this may seem like a drawback, it also means that the voters who do participate wield significant power. With fewer voters, each vote carries more weight, allowing those who engage in the process to have an outsized impact on shaping local policies and leadership. In races like those involved in local politics, the power of each vote can be crucial in determining the future of the county. This is especially important in close races, where a small margin of votes can determine the direction of a community for years to come.
The University Star welcomes Letters to the Editor from its readers. All submissions are reviewed and considered by the Editor in Chief and Opinions Editor for publication. Not all letters are guaranteed for publication.
The Main Point is an opinion written by The University Star’s Editorial Board. Opinions expressed are not necessarily those of our entire
ILLUSTRATION BY DJ ROSS
PHOTO COURTESY OF CARLY FRENCH
PHOTO BY BLAKE LESCHBER
FROM FRONT EDITORIAL
MAP BY TANNER BROWN
CALENDAR BY EVA BOWLER