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CLASS NOTES BANU BUSTAAN
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Notes and Disclaimer -
These notes are the product of compiled notes from the members of Banu Bustaan and they are not sponsored or approved in anyway by AlMaghrib Institute or its employees.
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Due to the fact that these notes taken were taken during the entire course of the Seminar for the benefit of the students, no statement or directive of any nature contained within has been approved by the Instructor teaching the Seminar.
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The fact that these notes are a product of the note-taking abilities of the members of Banu Bustaan the contents within are not authoritative or binding in nature. Moreover, they cannot be depended upon reliably as a source of legal Islamic injunctions or rulings.
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There is nothing comparable to attending an AlMaghrib Seminar on one’s own volition to fully appreciate the experience of learning from Instructors proficient in their field of instruction.
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One of the goals of these notes is to serve as a contingency for any notes students may have missed or overlooked during the course of the Seminar. However, depending on these Notes alone to prepare for the exam will not suffice and are not recommended.
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Lastly, the members of Banu Bustaan would like to seize this opportunity to ask for your forgiveness, beforehand, for any slights or oversights on our behalf in the preparation of these Notes. We welcome your questions, critiques, comments and suggestions.
What does Sallalahu Alayhi wa Salam mean? Salah in general means prayer, but Allah does not pray for people. So what does it mean? It also means Dua (i.e. Angels send their Salah upon the first row in prayer‌ they send their Dua for them). However, Allah’s salah upon us means Allah will send his Mercy upon us and Praise us.
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Hadith One
On the authority of Umar bin Al-Khattab, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (saws) say: "Actions are but by their intention and every man shall have but that which he intended. Thus he whose migration was for Allah and His messenger, his migration was for Allah and His messenger, and he whose migration was to achieve some worldly benefit or to take some woman in marriage, his migration was for that for which he migrated."
Related by the Leader of the Masters of Hadith, Abu Abdillah Muhammad ibnu Isma'eel ibnu Ibrahim ibnul Mugheerah ibnu Bardizbah al-Bukhari and Abul Hussein Muslim ibnul Hajjaaj ibnu Muslim alQushayree an-Naysaaboori in their respective collections of Authentic Hadith which are the most authentic of the authored texts.
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The Narrator: Umar ibnul Khattab •
“… And the most stern in matters of Allah is ‘Umar …”
ﻭﺃﺷﺪﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻤﺮ •
Often called al-Farooq (the Criterion between good and evil) for his tenacity in seeking the truth in affairs of religion.
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The second Caliphate and the second most beloved by the Prophet after Abu Bakr.
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Omar was the first to be called “Prince of the Believers” and the first to organize Taraweeh for the Muslims as a group.
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Omar's submission to Islam was a conquest, his migration was a victory, his Imamate (period of rule) was a blessing, I have seen when we were unable to pray at the Ka’bah until Umar submitted … —Abdullah ibn Mas‘ood
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Umar embraced Islam 5 years before Hijrah.
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As the Caliph, he defeated Persian and Roman Empires extending rule of Islam from Persia to Egypt but only ruled for about 10 years due to being assassinated.
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From his sayings, “Account yourselves before you are taken to account.” “Haaseebou anfousakum Qabla an too-haa-sa-boo.”
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Umar also said to Abu Ubaydah ibnul Jarrah, “We were the most humiliated people before Allah gave us Islam, when Allah gave us Islam he elevated us / gave us honor with this Islam. So if we go after this day, try to find honor in anything other than Islam – Allah will devalue us.”
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Among his virtues, He asked Allah to die in the city of the Prophet (saws) and he also asked to die as a shaheed.
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The Prophet also taught us that when Shaytaan would see Umar, Shaytaan would take another path. It shows us that when shaytaan would give him a trial, he would use it as an opportunity to worship Allah.
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Narrated ~ 530 Hadith.
An Essential Hadith •
Abu Ubaid al-Qasim ibnu as-Salaam: “There is no hadith that is more comprehensive, richer in meaning, more beneficial, nor greater in its lessons than this one.”
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It was a matter of agreement among al-Shaafi'ee, Ahmad, al-Madeeni, Abu Dawood, al-Bayhaqi, ad-Daraqutni and others that this hadith comprises one-fourth, one-third, or one-half of Islam.
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The Four Ahadith of Abu Dawood Abu Dawood stated, “I have written half a million ahadeeth of the Prophet (saws) and chose from them 4800 for my collection (as-Sunnan) and from them there are four that would suffice any Muslim.” 1.
“Deeds are according to intention …”
2. “From the perfection of a person's Islam is his leaving that which does not concern him.” 3. “None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.” 4. “Halal is clear and Haram is clear ...”
Al-Shaafi'ee – Half of Knowledge Ash-Shaafi’ee said that this hadith on the intention is half of knowledge.
ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ Because deeds are either inner or outward – the intention covering the inner aspect of deeds, whereas action deals with the outward expression. Furthermore, the intention is the worship of the soul and action is the worship of the limbs.
Niyyah - Definitions Lexical – purpose and objective sought with a level of determination Islamic/Technical – Two possibilities in writings: 1. Differentiating one act of worship from another as with the differentiating of Dhuhr from Fajr 2. Clarifying a specific act of worship as due only to Allah or to someone else
Importance of the Intention •
“People will be sent forth (raised up) according to their intentions” (Sahih – Ibn Majah)
ﻢﳛﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻴﺎ Intention Goes Beyond the Deed •
Ja'far ibnu Hayaan used to say: “Indeed, the man achieves with his intention that which he does not achieve with his deeds.”
ﻢﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻴﺎ
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ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺑﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻪ:ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ •
“If the servant becomes ill or travels, his deeds will be written for him as what he used to do while he was healthy and a resident.” (Bukhari)
ﺢ ﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜ ﹸﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻘﻴﻤﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﹸﻛﺘ The Four Types of People The world is for four kinds of people. (1) One upon whom Allah has bestowed wealth and knowledge and so he fears his Lord in respect to them, joins the ties of blood relationship and acknowledges the Rights of Allah on him (and fulfills them); this type will have the best position (in Jannah). (2) One upon whom Allah has conferred knowledge but no wealth, and he is sincere in his intention and says: `Had I possessed wealth, I would have acted like so-and-so.' If that is his intention, his reward is the same as that of the other … [Sahih – Tirmithi]
Intention and Wordly Acts
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﳛﺘﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ •
“If a man spends upon his family expecting a reward from Allah then it will be counted for him as a charity.” (Agreed)
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Mu'aath asked Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, “O' Abdullah, how do you recite the Qur'an (in the night).” He replied, “I read a portion and then take a break.” He then asked Mu'aath how he read. He replied, (( )) آ أ
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“I sleep in the first part of the night and then awake to recite what Allah has written for me. And I hope for the reward from my sleep the same way I hope for the reward from my qiyaam.” (Bukhari)
A Question •
“Why does a disbeliever spend an eternity in Hellfire if he only lived so many years in this world, and how can someone accept Islam and, in at least one case, enter into Jannah forever without even having prayed a single rak'ah? I thought your God was fair.”
Another Question •
Are you rewarded for that which you do not intend? 6
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Would you be rewarded for coming to this program if you had no specific intention?
The Answer Abdullah ibn Mas'ood said:
ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ “A statement has no benefit unless it is accompanied by an action, and a statement and action have no benefit unless accompanied by an intention, and these three have no benefit unless they conform to the Sunnah”
The Evidence
ﻪ ﻧﹺﺒﻦ ﹶﺫ ﻣ ﻡ ﺗ ﹶﻘﺪ ﺎﻪ ﻣ ﺮ ﹶﻟ ﻔ ﺎ ﹸﻏﺎﺑﺘﺴﺣ ﺍﺎ ﻭﺎﻧﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹺﺇﳝﻣﻀ ﺭ ﻡ ﺎﻦ ﺻ ﻣ
ﻪ ﻧﹺﺒﻦ ﹶﺫ ﻣ ﻡ ﺗ ﹶﻘﺪ ﺎﻪ ﻣ ﺮ ﹶﻟ ﻔ ﺎ ﹸﻏﺎﺑﺘﺴﺣ ﺍﺎ ﻭﺎﻧﺪ ﹺﺭ ﹺﺇﳝ ﻴ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ﻡ ﹶﻟ ﻦ ﻗﹶﺎ ﻣ ﻭ “Whoever fasts Ramadan with Imaan and seeking its reward will be forgiven all of his sins, and whoever stands in prayer on Laylatul Qadr with Imaan and seeking its reward will be forgiven his sins.” (Agreed Upon)
A Story •
The Shaykh told us a story about one of the brothers at the masjid who had a special handcarved wooden cane that he always used and was even known by …
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“I have lost the cane and I have lost the reward!”
Sincerity and Intention Among the Salaf •
Ayub as-Sukhtiyaani: “To maintain their sincerity in their deeds was harder upon them (the righteous) then all other deeds.”
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Sufyaan ath-Thawri: “They used to learn the intention for the deed the same way they used to learn the deed itself.”
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“I never attended to something so difficult as my intention, for it was always trying to change.”
Sincerity and Intention Among the Salaf •
Sufyaan ibn 'Uyaynah: “One of our scholars said, “I have been busy treating two matters now for 30 years: rooting out my greed for the possessions of others (the dunya) and making my deeds 7
sincere to Allah alone'.” •
Al-Suqty: “Purifying the deed from defects is more difficult than performing the deed itself.”
A Grave Warning
ﺑﺸﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﲔ ﰲ
ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ "Give glad tidings to my community of great splendor, strength in religion, an exalted status, victory and establishment upon the Earth. Yet whoever among them performs the deeds of the Hereafter seeking this life, then he shall have nothing in the Hereafter.” [Ahmad, Sahih al-Jaami']
ﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻫﺒﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺜﻮﺭﺍ ﻷﻋﻠﻤﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﱴ ﻳﺄﺗﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﲝﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺟﺒﺎﻝ
(ﻢ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﺪﺗﻜﻢ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻭﻥ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﲟﺤﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻧﺘﻬﻜﻮﻫﺎ )ﻋﻦ ﺛﻮﺑﺎﻥﺃﻣﺎ ﺇ The Prophet (saws) said, “Indeed, I know people from this Ummah who will come on the Day of Judgment with good deeds piled high like great snow-capped mountains and then Allah will bring their deeds to nothing. Indeed they are from your brothers and they take from the night (in prayer) as you do, yet they are those who indulged in the forbidden when they were in seclusion.” [Sahih al-Jaami‘]
The Proper Intention Behind Seeking Knowledge Imam ibnu Jamaa'ah: ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺇﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻳﺮ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻭ ﲢﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻃﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﳌﺎ ﺃﻋﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻧﻪ “The good and right intention in seeking knowledge is that you do so seeking Allah's pleasure, and to act in accordance with it, and to enliven the Shari'ah by it, to enlighten the soul, to beautify your inner-self, to seek closeness to Allah on the Day of Judgment and to lend yourself to that with which Allah is pleased.”
So Why Are You Here Today? • •
Are you here out of boredom or entertainment? Here to look for mistakes and to condemn? 8
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Here to be seen by others? Here awaiting descent of the sakeenah/mercy? Here to learn so you can act, get closer to Allah? Here so that Allah can mention you? You will get what you intended ....
Why We Study Islam
ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﺘﻴﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺧﺸ ﻢ ﻭﺳﻴﻠ ﹲﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮ ﹺ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﻩﺼّﺮ ﺒﻳ ﻤ ﹴﻞ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠ ﹴﻢﻩ ﻭ ﻻ ﻋ ﺮ ﻤ ﺜﻭ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻤ ﹴﻞ ﻳ
Knowledge is only a means whereby we may get closer to Allah and whereby we validate our humility before Him. And there is no such thing as knowledge without action as a result of it, nor action without knowledge to guide it.
Hidden Desires in Seeking 'Ilm •
The desire for prominence and fame, for superiority over others and status.
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The taking of knowledge of the deen as a means to achieve position and fame, to earn wealth, to have a forum whereby to put down others and to criticize them, the desire that people look at him and to be the subject of discussion.
Another Story •
A young man comes to visit a scholar and asks him to teach him. The scholar, true to his knowledge, asks the young man why he wants to study. The young man says he wants to be a mujtahid Imam like Imam Maalik and Ahmad.
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Good intention or bad? In this case, the man knew the boy, and said he would not teach him and he closed the door. The boy knocked again and asked why. The scholar replied that Malik and Ahmad did not start out trying to become Imams. They started seeking knowledge to be close to Allah and to love Allah and to understand and apply the religion. They grew into being great Imam’s. The scholar taught the boy right there and then about fixing his intention.
Back to Your Intention •
Way back when you decided you were going to be more serious about Islam – why did you do it? Did you have any intention at all?
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One man let his beard grow after his father passed and soon found all the Sunnis giving him salaam and thought it was cool; one tried to get away from his annoying girlfriend; another thought it made him look respectable, etc.
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Repent and repeat your intention right!
Other Forms of Hidden Desires •
That you become busy w/ fard kifaaya (communal obligation) over fard ayn (individual obligation) o
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Dr. Ali gave an example of those extreme groups in Islam who are about Jihad, Jihad, Jihad, etc. He mentioned that if you look at their religion you’ll see many defects, ,i.e. they don’t really practice the religion properly, some don’t pray, some know very little Quran. He then compared them to the khawarij at the time of the Prophet which was an extreme takfeeree group that didn’t have any Sahabah among them.
To race to give others a fatwa, to request to give khutbah before you are asked … o
The Sahabah ran away from giving fatwa and today people run to give their fatwa and their information.
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Becomes angry with all who differ with him – pleased with a large following and avoids small groups (needs quota to give class)
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To think well of yourself and attribute goodness to yourself (among the Muslims) o
A good Muslim should question whether Allah will accept his deeds.
How to Achieve Sincerity? •
Take Sincerely Yours: Understanding and Achieving Sincerity in Islam one weekend workshop
Migration
ﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﺮ، ﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑـﺔ “Hijrah will not cease until repentance ceases to be accepted, and repentance will continue to be accepted until the Sun rises from the West.” (Sahih - Abu Dawood) Types of Migration in Islam: A. Leaving a land of disbelief for one of belief. B. Leaving a land of fear and oppression for one of safety. C. Leaving the disobedience of Allah – hadith Bukhari:
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ﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺠﺮ ﻣﺎ “The migrant is he who forsakes that which Allah forbids.”
What is the reward for Making Hijrah for the sake of Allah? A. All of your sins will be forgiven
Warning About the Material World
﴾ ﺎﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻴﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﺪ ﻜﹸـﻧﻐﺮ ﺗ ﻖ ﻓﻼ ﴿ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻥ ﻭﻋﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺣ “Verily, the Promise of Allah is true, let not then this (worldly) present life deceive you …” [31:33]
ﻪ ﻴ ﻋ ﹶﻠ ﻖ ﺎ (( ﻣﺘﻔﺘﻬﻨﻭﺯﹺﻳ ﺎﻧﻴﺓ ﺍﻟﺪ ﺮ ﻫ ﺯ ﻦ ﻣ ﻢ ﻴ ﹸﻜ ﻋ ﹶﻠ ﺢ ﺘﻳ ﹾﻔ ﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺪ ﺑ ﻦ ﻣ ﻢ ﻴ ﹸﻜ ﻋ ﹶﻠ ﻑ ﺎﺎ ﺃﺧ)) ﺇﻥﱠ ﳑ “From what I fear most for you after me is the opening up of the beauty and glitter of the world.” [Agreed upon Bukhari &Muslim]
The Material World •
Ibnul Haneefiyah: “Whoever respects himself will as a result disregard the material world.” o
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Al-Hasan al-Basri: “Whoever seeks to compete with you in your religion, compete with him; and whoever competes with you in this world, let him have it.” o
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What does the word dunya mean from a linguistic perspective? It means something Low and has little value. Even if the world means to Allah as little as the wing of a mosquito, He would not allow the disbeliever to have a drink of water on the Day of Judgment.
Insert Hadith - One of the Signs of the Day of Judgment is that a Man will be helped in his business by his wife. It’s not necessarily wrong, but it’s just a marker. Also, some people are so greedy for the dunya that they’re all going to work. In the past, people did not go to these extremes.
Ibnul Qayyim: “The degree of a servant’s love for this world and his satisfaction with it reflects his level of laziness in the obedience of Allah and seeking Jannah.”
Other Beneficial Lessons 1. From the excellence of teaching is to mention a principle and then to mention an example. 11
2. Statement of Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak - ﺭﺏ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺗﺼﻐﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ “How many a great deed is made small by the intention that accompanies it.” 3. From among the greatest destroyers of religion is temptation, especially the opposite gender; a. How often has a man neglected his mother for his wife or another woman? b. What about the statement that’s often said “He worships the ground she walks on.”
The Allure of this World
ﻤﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻌ ﺗ ﻒ ﻴ ﺮ ﹶﻛ ﻨ ﹸﻈ ﻴﺎ ﹶﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻓ ﻠ ﹸﻔ ﹸﻜ ﺨ ﺘﺴ ﻣ ﻪ ﻭﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﺮ ﹲﺓ ﻀ ﺧ ﻮ ﹲﺓ ﺣ ﹾﻠ ﺎﻧﻴ» ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﺪ
« ﺎ ِﺀﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺖ ﻓ ﻧﻴ ﹶﻞ ﻛﹶﺎﺍﺋﺳﺮ ﺑﻨﹺﻰ ﹺﺇ ﺔ ﻨﺘ ﻓ ﹶﻝﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻓﹺﺈﻥﱠ ﹶﺃﻭﺴﻘﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺍﺗﺎ ﻭﻧﻴﻘﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﹶﺎﺗ “Indeed the world is nice and green, and Allah has left you in charge of it to see what you will do, so protect yourselves from the world and protect yourselves from women, for indeed the first trial of the Children of Israel was from women.” (Muslim) Question: What was the second trial of Bani Israel? We don’t think they got a second one because the first one was very severe.
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Hadith Two
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Also on the authority of Umar, who said: One day while we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah (saws), there appeared before us a man whose clothes were exceedingly white and whose hair was exceedingly black; no signs of journeying were to be seen on him and none of us knew him. He walked up and sat 14
down by the Prophet (saws). Resting his knees against his and placing the palms of his hands on his thighs, He said: "O Muhammad, tell me about Islam". The Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "Islam is to testify that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayers, to pay the zakat, to fast in Ramadan, and to make the pilgrimage to the House if you are able to do so." He said:"You have spoken rightly," and we were amazed at him asking him and then saying that he had spoken rightly … Then he said: "Then tell me about Emaan." He said: "It is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day, and to believe in Qadr, both the good and the evil thereof." He said:"You have spoken rightly." He said: "Then tell me about Ihsaan." He said: "It is to worship Allah as though you are seeing Him, and while you see Him not yet truly He sees you." He said: "Then tell me about the Hour." He said: "The one questioned about it knows no better than the questioner." He said: "Then tell me about its signs." He said: "That the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress and that you will see the barefooted, naked, destitute herdsman competing with one another in constructing tall buildings." Then he stood up and left and I stayed for a time. Then he (the Prophet - saws) said: "O' Umar, do you know who the questioner was?" I said: "Allah and His Messenger know best". He said: "He was Jibreel (Gabriel), who came to you to teach you your religion." [Muslim]
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Jibreel was very clean. This is a guy in the middle of the desert with what we can call the “Salon Fresh” look.
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He then came up and sat next to the prophet. These things are all to attract the attention of the people so they will pay attention to him and notice him. Imagine, their hands are on their swords because this man is approaching the Prophet and they are getting ready to defend him… the people were attentive and curious at the same time.
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He didn’t even address the Prophet as Rasoolullah, he said “O Muhammad.”
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This Hadith is one of the last ahadeeth where the religion was summarized. We know this because in Ramadan he had reviewed the Quran with Jibreel twice.
SUBNARRATOR: WAKEE’ IBNUL JARRAAH: •
Imam Ahmad said about him, “My eyes have never seen someone like him. He would memorize hadith well, study fiqh and excel in it - applying cautious abstainment (wara’) and ijtihaad , and he used to never speak against anyone.” 15
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He also said, “I have never seen anyone comparable to Wakee’ in knowledge, memory or gentleness with humility and cautious abstainment (wara’).
•
A scholar from the generation of the Successors (Tabi’een) who lived in Kufah [128-197 AH].
From the Life of Wakee' ibnul Jaraah •
Yayha ibnu Aktham states, “I accompanied Wakee’ both in travel and in residence, and he used to fast everyday and to finish the Quran every night.�
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He narrated from such senior Successors as Sufyaan al-Thawri, al-A’mash, ibnu Juraij, Shu’bah, al-Awza’ee, etc
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He took the place of Sufyaan al-Thawri after his death
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Was among the teachers of Imam al-Shaafi’ee who said, “I complained to Wakee’ of my poor memory, so he encouraged me to leave disobedience, for knowledge is light, and the light of Allah is not granted to the heedless sinner. o
Consider this despite the fact that Imam Shafi’ee used to cover one side of the page because he didn’t want to memorize the pages in the wrong order. He would have looked at the page and he would have remembered it.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: 1. The importance of asking questions to learning: “So ask then the people of knowledge if you don’t know.â€? [21:7] - ‍ﺎﺳﺄďť&#x;ďş? ďşƒďťŤďťž ďş?ďť&#x;ﺏﺎ ﺇ ďť›ďť¨ďş˜ďť˘ ďťť ďş—ďťŒďť ďť¤ďťŽďťĽâ€Ź Ibn Abaas was asked how he learned so much and he replied, “By an inquisitive tongue and an understanding heart.â€? - ‍ ďťďť—ďť ďş? ďť‹ďť˜ďťŽďť?â€ŹŘŒ ‍ ďş‘ďť ďş´ďşŽďťĽ ﺳﺆďťďť?‏: ‍ď˛&#x;ﺎ ďş‘ďť ďť?ďş– ďş?ďť&#x;ďťŒďť ďť˘ Ř&#x; ﺎďť?‏ o
This is also because the prophet made Dua for him asking him to give him understanding in the religion and Quran.
2. To ask questions that have benefit and to avoid asking about that which has no importance (hypothetical questions) 3. To ask a question, at times even if you know the answer, if you see that it will benefit those seated. 4. To have manners with the one whom you are asking and to be gentle in your manners (Nawawi). 5. That Islam is something distinct from Imaan:
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/ +, - . So We brought out from therein the believers. But We found not there any household of the Muslims except one(i.e. Lut and his 2 daughters). [Surah Adh-Dhariyaat 51:35-36]
This is in reference to Lut and his leaving the house. Why did Allah refer to the house as Muslims and not Mu’mins? Lut, being a Prophet, required the members of his home to pray. When Lut’s wife went out, he probably required from his wife hijab, etc. She did these things not because of her strong belief in Allah, but particularly because her husband would have required her to do so. Therefore she was a “Muslim,� but not a “Mu’min.�
=>Ö < : (; 52 67 896 , Ö < FA; A>Ö CDE ( < A8 >ď&#x20AC;ż )?@ $=; ' L Kâ&#x2DC;ş ( â&#x2DC;şGHď&#x192;łI J #O( < )?;D#.A>H>Ö N# EÖ´â&#x2DC;şL,M TU R8J QA I(S( @Q < A8>P 5>ď&#x20AC;ż WX P@ )?;D#HEÖ´â&#x2DC;ş 8 J / ?;D V#H L !aď&#x192;?$ *]^ _`S SA[\* @Q : #O Y 14. the bedouins say: "We believe." say: "You believe not but You Only say, 'We have surrendered (in Islam),' for faith has not yet entered Your hearts. but if You obey Allah and his Messenger (saws), He will not decrease anything In reward for Your deeds. Verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful." [Surah Al-Hujuraat 49:14] Thus Islam is outward deeds and Imaan is inward deeds.
ARTICLES OF FAITH 1. Belief in Allah â&#x20AC;&#x201C; His Oneness as regards His Lordship, making worship alone for Him and believing in His unique names and attributes. 2. Belief in His Angels â&#x20AC;&#x201C; created from light, have no ability to disobey (i.e. no free will), serve Him without tiring/boredom. Israfeel is ready and waiting to blow the horn. Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think that he needs to find his horn, go to his room look for it, get ready to blow it, etc. Heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ready and we need to realize that. Angels lower their wings for students of knowledge according to the hadith of Abu Dardaaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. 3. Belief in His Books â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Suhuf Ibrahim, Tawrah, Zaboor, Injeel and Quran are the ones that are known; the only one preserved from error is the last one - EVIDENCE. Why is this an evidence for us?
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We know the language of Jesus was Aramaic. The original Bible (New Testament) was written in Greek, some say Hebrew. The language of the land in general was Greek, but the area Jesus was in was an Aramaic zone. The language of the Prophet was Arabic. The Language of the Quran is Arabic. Is Aramaic a dead or live language? It is a dead language. Mel Gibson had to scour the earth trying to find people who even knew Aramaic to make the film authentic. We actually do not have a text in Aramaic of what Jesus said â&#x20AC;&#x201C; we only have greek which means it was translated. We also have an issue because there are multiple versions of the gospels. There are thousands of versions that are different. This info is all from Christian sources. Most Bible scholars will say most of these differences are negligible, i.e. typos, etc. However, some of the differences are very much an issue! So why do they have these differences? Most of the people who translated these manuscripts, etc were uneducated. This is because these people were poor. The rich realy did not follow Jesus. People who translated it were a little lost because the Aramaic followers of Jesus did not know Greek. A few generations later, Greek was well known so they started correcting what the less educated people from the past didâ&#x20AC;Ś. So we ended up with very different versions. In contrast, the Arabic language was alive and understood by people in general. Arabic only grew as a language. The Quran was also written by who? Scribes! The people who were the most knowledgeable and well versed in reading and writing. They understood what they said, they also believed in it! Hence, we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t see any variations from copy to copy of the Quran. -
How could the Bible be the final revelation to Mankind when itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a dead language, that wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t well known, and is in a poorly preserved text! God is not incapable or incompetent to leave us with a half message or truth. Allah, in His Mercy, left us with something very clear!
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When Jesus (saws) comes back he will be a follower of Muhammad (saws). This is also why he will allow the Mahdi to lead the prayer, because the Iqama was called for him.
4. Belief in His Messengers â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Chosen only by Allah, they deliver His message to mankind ad Jinn. Allah said in surah Nuh that they disbelieved in their messengers. We are required to believe in all of them and each of their messages as taught to us in the Quran; we must obey and submit to the guidance of our Messenger who came in our era â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Muhammad. 5. Belief in the Last Day â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Death, resurrection, judgment (scales, questioning, sirat) and recompense â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Jannah or Hell, after the last day. Evidence for the last day lies in the innate belief in Justice that every soul holds.
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,Eִ #HEkl < A>H ☺ 8( ,>n (P op ☯;Q (AִI (;Q ִI Y )?q > ִ☺ ( !va$ stA ☺;D u 21. What! do those who seek after evil ways think that we shall hold them equal with those who believe and do righteous deeds,- that equal will be their life and their death? ill is the Judgment that They make. [Al-Jaathiyyah 45:21] This is really an innate believe we each have. As soon as young children are capable of saying “That’s not fair” they say it! Even they believe in justice, etc.
6. Belief in Qadar – Allah’s perfect knowledge of what will come and what would come if things happened differently. Allah knows what we’re going to do and can affect things. However, His knowledge and His decree doesn’t mean that we’re not accountable or that we can make excuses for ourselves. We’ve all been given characteristic strengths and weaknesses. We have to be smart and focus on our strengths and to try avoid falling into the pitfalls related to our weaknesses. Example 1: Take the example of a mom who has a child who’s an M&M addict. Imagine her putting out candy M&M’s for her child and telling him don’t eat it. She knows the child is going to eat it when she walks away. She comes back and finds chocolate all over the kid’s mouth, red and blue, etc. Is it the mother’s fault that the child ate the candy? Allah knows us way better than we know our kids! Allah created us and He knows what we’re going to do. Just because Allah knows what we’re going to do, doesn’t mean we’re not responsible for our actions. Hence, when Allah writes down His Qadar – He wrote down what He knew is going to happen and he even wrote down what we would do in other circumstances (i.e. O Allah just send us back to the dunya and we will do things differently). Example 2: Having the gene for homosexuality doesn’t make it ok. Some people have a gene that puts them at a predisposition for alcoholism. It’s not okay. Likewise, some men are predisposed to act in a manner like Tiger Woods (i.e. women) but that’s certainly not okay.
IHSAAN: PERFECTION Two Levels: Mushaahadah & Muraaqabah 1. To act as if you see Allah in front of you due to such a strong sense of His presence – Mushaahadah [the level of the one who is witnessing].
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2. To act knowing that He sees you and knows what is in your heart (lesser degree) – Muraaqabah [the level of the one being observed]. The difference of having the supervisor looking directly over your shoulder vs. knowing you are on CC security camera.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS The Prophet mentioned that the servant will give birth to her master: Refers end of slavery or disrespect to parents. Even 100 years ago, this wasn’t happening! Barefoot, naked and shepherds building tall buildings.
Hadith Three
On the Authority of… I heard the Messenger of Allah say: 20
“Islam has been built on five pillars: testifying that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing the prayers, paying the zakat, making the pilgrimage to the House, and fasting in Ramadan.”
NARRATOR: ABDULLAH IBN ‘UMAR 1. The eldest son of Umar ibnul Khattab, one of the great 4 Abdullahs (al-‘Abaadilah) in terms of knowledge and the impact on the Ummah. Participated in all battles except Badr. Avoided the struggle between Ali and Mu’aawiyah. Last of the Sahabah to die in Makkah. The four Abdullahs are: Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-Aas; Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr; Abdullah Umar; Abdullah ibn Abbas. In the battle between Ali and Mu’awiyah, only about 100-200 out of 10,000 participated in the battle. That’s only 1 to 2 percent. During this time of fitnah, they sat down. If you want to hear it in literal terms. The Hadith narrated by Abu Bakr where he said, “If the time of fitnah comes to you stay in your house. If someone enters your house, then go into the deeper part of your house… In other words… Don’t get involved! LOL, joke…. The underwear bomber was wearing Fruit of the Boom. When the fitnah hits (i.e. there is darkness), sit until you see a light. 2. He was known for his strict adherence to the Sunnah of the Prophet. His rulings had a great influence of the Maaliki school of thought. He is second only to Abu Hirairah in narrating Hadith (2630) and his students include: al-Hasan, al-Zuhri, Naafi, Sa;eed ibnal Mussayib, ibn Sireen, etc.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: 1. Islam has been built upon these five pillars, so whoever rejects anyone of them cannot be considered a Muslim. 2. An example is that of a house. Just like a house cannot stand without one of its walls, nor can Islam. 3. Ordered in order of importance as evidenced by the Sunnah – Sent to Mu’aath to give dawah to the people of Yemen, first point – tawheed, then salah, then zakah (Agreed Upon) a. The Prophet told him that he will be going to the people of the book and to tell them to first testify to Allah’s oneness, tehn call them to Prayer during the day and night, then tell them Allah has commanded them to give a necessary charity from the rich to the poor, etc.
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The Meaning of Shahadah There is no deity worthy of worship, except Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger. Allah â&#x20AC;&#x201C; root of the word Aliha â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to obey, adore something to the point of worship; thus nothing worthy of worship.
Meaning of Muhammad is the Messgener of Allah: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Obeying what he ordered Avoiding that which he forbade and disliked Believing in what he foretold Defending him from enemies To not worship Allah except by what he legislated
yA I` stA8>#wx9 L d Ö @Q Ö @Q } ď&#x192;?fV~6 kz{|: N# )?>nÖ´' 8  .Aď&#x192;§Vď&#x192;ľD Rď&#x192;§_ & 'Ch u ?>n8 8 L $=PChj,M ( Â&#x192;(S)AxV ! 8 )? hÂ&#x201E; Â&#x2026; L( C 8 >Ö´â&#x2DC;ş #. Â&#x2021;g h S= ;u( " Â&#x2020; â&#x2DC;ş Â&#x2021;g#h -GH Â&#x2C6; 8b"f ;u( ,E Â&#x2020;ď&#x192;?fP@5 )? h 8 ^TÂ&#x152; L( Ö´Â&#x2026;ď&#x192;?Â&#x2030;Â&#x160;E Â&#x2020;Ö´Â&#x2039; z{]@ T=EGH Â?96 ( )?>n( Â?Â&#x17D;#O sÂ?d Ö @Q Y ď&#x192;łg#h -GH Â&#x2C6; , &Ö ďŁł ď&#x192;§G Â&#x2018;S: 8( Â? _#. < A8 (; (SAS < A8> w:ď&#x20AC;ż ( ď&#x192;§G 8 cl &( Â&#x201C; \Rď&#x192;§_Ö´> y" &Â&#x2019;J Ö @Q stA #H \ â&#x2DC;ş 8?>n Ö´wď&#x192;?Â&#x2030;Â&#x160;E Â&#x2019;J !a#Â&#x201D;$ 157. "Those who follow the apostle, the unlettered Prophet, whom They find mentioned In their own (scriptures),- In the law and the Gospel;- for He commands them what is just and forbids them what is evil; He allows them As lawful what is good (and pure) and prohibits them from what is bad (and impure); He releases them from their heavy burdens and from the yokes that are upon them. so it is those who believe In him, honor him, help him, and follow the light which is sent down with him,- it is They who will prosper." [Al A'raaf 7: 157]
The Conditions of the Shahaadah: 1. Knowledge (Ilm) that removes Ignorance 2. Certainty (Yaqeen) that removes Doubt 22
3. Acceptance (Qubool) that negates Rejection 4. Compliance (Inqiyaad) that negates Dissesntion 5. Loyalty (Sidq) that negates Hypocrisy and Dishonesty a. Loyalty is the foundation of sincerity. b. I’m loyal to Allah all the time, but I become sincere before the deed. 6. Sincerity (Ikhlaas) that negates Shirk 7. Love (Mahabah) for it and those who adhere to it, a love that negates Dislike and Hatred.
An Interesting Dawah Point: How many phases are there in the life of Jesus? Two Phases. First Part and Second Part. He spoke as a child and as an adult – “Eukaleemoun-Nas fil mahdi wa kalna.” Some Christians believe Jesus has a 3rd phase, where they believe Jesus was God before he was born and this is the Old Testament where it was commanded that they fight the disbelievers, burn farms, etc. If they believe that, now they have 2/3 of Jesus’ life where he was violent. If Jesus is God, then did God command massacres and harm? Clearly not since God Is Merciful. In his first phase, He was very gentle in the and easy going guy, etc. He turned the other cheek, etc. The Prophet has 2 phases, Makkah and Medina. In Makkah, the Prophet was similar to Jesus in that he was very gentle and forgiving even though he was oppressed. In Medina, He was a leader, a warrior, and strong. Let’s look at Jesus in the second phase now. Jesus will come back towards the end of time with armies to fight! In Christianity, the clouds break open and he comes back with an army of angels! You can’t say that Jesus was a gentle guy and that Muhammad is this mean warrior man. Even Christians believe Jesus will come back and kill the infidels. In Islam, we fight those who fight us and leave those who are not committing injustice and aggress against us. Based on Christian interpretations, there is a 3rd phase of Jesus. They say he’s god. So going on their words, look at the Old Testament / genocides, etc… who is responsible for that? The Old Testament is full of entire villages completely exterminated. By their definition and using their logic, God would be responsible for those genocides. However, Allah is merciful and just… so this is clearly falsehood.
Do we worship Allah just to worship Allah or to earn Jannah? Some people say we should just worship Allah for worshipping Allah. We don’t need to worry about jannah or jahannam. Khayrul Hadee, Hadyee Muhammad. The best of examples was his and he did worry about these things and preach for people to worry about them.
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The 70,000 chains… it’s not necessarily chains. It refers to leashes! What’s the different between a chain and a leash? A leash is used to contain or hold back an animal. Likewise, Jannah will need to be held back by 70,000 leashes each leash with 70,000 angels. Surah Mulk, beginning of it, describes jahannam virtually wanting to explode with anger. If the angels don’t hold it back and restrain it, it will devour everyone.
The Prayer • • • • • •
“The heart of the matter is Islam and its pillars are the prayer…” (Sahih - Ibn Majah, Tirmithi) “Between a man and shirk and kufr is leaving the prayer.” The difference between the one who leaves off the prayer at times and one who has absolutely abandoned it. “Pray as you have seen me pray.” (Agreed) Meaning of establishing Prayer as opposed to praying.
The Zakah • • • •
Connection between prayer and alms throughout the Quran as well as the Sunnah (Hadith of Mu’aath) Zakaah in Arabic means growth, blessing and purification. (Lisaan al-‘Arab) Sadaqah comes from the word sidq (loyalty) – it is a sign of sincerity of faith on the part of the person who gives it. With regard to the shar’I definition: o Zakaah is a means of worshipping Allah by giving that which He has obligated of different types of zakaah to those who are entitled to them, according to guidelines in Shari’ah. o Saqadah is a means of worshipping Allah by giving money without being made obligatory in Shari’ah. The word sadaqah can also be used to refer to obligatory zakaah.
Some Details of Zakaah 1. Zakaah is obligatory on: gold, silver, crops/fruits, trade goods and livestock. 2. Zakaah requires that one full Hijri year have passed since acquiring the wealth, and that the wealth meet the minimum threshold (nisaab). 3. Allah has enjoined that zakaah be given to certain types of people, and it is not permissible to give it to anyone else. They are mentioned:
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[,E Ö Ö´'kl Ö´â&#x2DC;şÂ&#x160;&#O $ CDEc4Ö´â&#x2DC;ş ( ;Q O[\ H ) GH Â&#x2C6; Â&#x2022;# â&#x2DC;şEÖ´> ( )?q Â&#x2C6;Â&#x2013;A>H>Ö ďŁł\@  â&#x2DC;ş ( {2 Ö "f u# ( $=P#Â&#x2020;Ö´I u# ( " E ď&#x192;ł ( < $=P#Â&#x2020;44 $ ď&#x192;ł ( XQ iQ ( D XQ sÂ&#x2014; / TÂ&#x152;L" ! {$ Â&#x152;gPCÂ&#x2020;Ö´_ ď&#x192;g-#H Â&#x2C6; 60. Alms are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to administer the (funds); for those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to Truth); for those In bondage and In debt; In the cause of Allah. and for the wayfarer: (thus is it) ordained by Allah, and Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom. [At-Taubah 9:60]
Can Zakah be given to non-Muslims? Generallyâ&#x20AC;Ś No, only the ones who are weak-hearted and need to see the generosity in Islam. 4. Whoever dies and owes Zakaah, his heirs must pay it from his wealth and that takes precedence over the will and inheritance. 5. Insert Hadith - There is basically no one who has money and he does not pay zakah on it, except that it will be used to brand him on the Day of Judgment (i.e. he will be branded by plates).
The Hajj â&#x20AC;˘
Hajj is one of 3 deeds that wipe out all sins. Insert Hadith [ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Whoever comes to this house and does not commit any lewd behavior or any sins, he shall return the way he was the way he was born.â&#x20AC;? Bukhari.
What are the other two deeds to wipe out all sins? â&#x20AC;˘
Umrah to Umrah o Insert Hadith [ â&#x20AC;&#x153;One Umrah to another is a means of expiation.â&#x20AC;? i.e between umrah, oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sins are forgiven.â&#x20AC;?
â&#x20AC;˘
Umrah is also the Jihad of women. o Insert Hadith [ Aisha asked, Is Jihad incumbent upon women? He said Yes, it is the Jihad that does not encompass fighting â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Hajj and Umrah.
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It is obligatory upon the one who has the means (health, wealth provisions, permission, mahram)
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Majority of the scholars are of the opinion that one must perform it as soon as the have the ability, otherwise they are sinful. This is the opinion of the majority of scholars, except some of the shafi’ee scholars. Insert Hadith [ “If anyone breaks a bone or becomes lame, he must break his hajj and perform it the following year.” It’s supposed to be done quickly! The Prophet (saws) did not say he can take his time and come back in 5 years or anytime. He specified the following year.
Ramadan • •
• •
9th month of Hijri calendar; no food, drink or intimacy during the hours from Fajr to Maghrib. Prescribed for the nations before Muhammad (saws). o Insert Ayah from Baqarah – Kuteebah Alaykumul seeyam kama kutibah alalatheena min qableekum. Protection and shield from the hell-fire Adh-Dhahabi states, “According to the leaders of this Ummah, whoever leaves the fast of Ramadan without being sick or traveling is worse than a fornicator or an alcoholic. In fact, they doubt his Islam and they suspect he might be an apostate who seeks to destroy Islam.”
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: The phrase, “Islam has been built,” is indicative of a complete structure that can neither be added to nor can anything be taken away. This corresponds well to the verse, “This day I have completed for you your religion.”
Hadith Four There’s a small defect in the actual text of the 40 Nawawi. This caused a lot of commentators to make a small mistake in their commentary. Jamal Zarabozo pointed it out. It is correct in the English, but the Arabic is a little issue – because it gives you the idea of 3 separate 40 day periods. This created a bit of a misunderstanding and was corrected by later scholars.
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On the Authority of Abdullah ibn Masud, who said: the Messenger of Allah , and he is truthful, the One to be believed narrated to us: “Verily the creation of each one of you is brought together in his mother’s abdomen for forty days; then he is a clot of blood during that period, then a morsel of flesh during the same period, then there is sent to him the Angel who blows the breath of life into him and who is commanded about four matters: 1. 2. 3. 4.
to write down his provision His life-span His Actions, and Whether he shall be happy or wicked…
By Allah, besides which there is nothing worthy of worship, verily one of you behaves like the people of paradise until there is but an arm’s length between him and it, and then that which has been written overtakes him and so he behaves like the people of hell-fire and thus he enters it; and one of you behaves like the people of hell-fire until there is but an arm’s length between him and it, and that which has been written overtakes him and so he behaves like the people of Paradise and thus he enters it.” [Bukhari and Muslim]
NARRATOR: ABDULLAH IBN MAS’OOD •
6th person to embrace Islam and his mother was also an early convert to Islam.
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First to publicly recite the Quran.
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Among the early migrants to Abyssinia. Died in Madinah at nearly 60 years old (32AH).
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Narrated about 848 ahadith but best known for his knowledge of the Quran, from whom the Prophet used to encourage people to take it from.
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He was given a post in Kufa, Iraq and remained there for some time where he helped to spread what later became known as the kufan school of Fiqh which became part of the Hanafi school of thought.
•
The Truthful, the One to be Believed
•
One Hadith in which Ibn Mas’ood opens with this fashion – of the reasons offered is that due to the nature of the content of the Hadith, and that it can only be known through revelation, that he wished to emphasize the fact the Prophet is the Truthful One and the One to be believed.
•
One day he climbed up a tree to get some food and his legs showed and he had skinny legs. The people started making fun of his legs because they were skinny and [Insert Hadith] the Prophet said,” Indeed, these legs are going to be heavier than the mountain of Uhud on the Day of Judgment.”
Embryonic Stages
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Important Note: Most of the knowledge we know about Embryology has been discovered in the last 50 years. Most of what we know in the very early stages can only be seen using an electron microscope. This is good to know because it highlights the miracles of the Quran! •
Nutfah – drop of fluid; established in Quran and Sunnah that both men and women contribute; scientifically from Day 1 to Day 7 (mixing of egg and sperm to create a zygote that progresses on to become a blastocyst). Many people of the past believed that the men were the ones who planted the seed and the woman was the ground which was “planted.” This was a belief held by many Christians and Allah teaches us in the Quran and the Prophet in the ahadeeth that both men and women contribute to the formulation of the Nutfah.
Microscopic Blastocyst Alaqah • • •
Something that clings; a leech The period between day 7-21 is most aptly characterized by clinging: implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall with eventual dev. Of the connecting stalk (cord) Clinging – An Early Form
Mudghah • •
Means chewed lump (of flesh); development of somites happen at this stage (day 21-42) from which the skeleton and muscles will develop. Day ~ 32-38 Human Life Cycle.
Important Stages • • • • • • •
•
Day 1: Fertilization Occurs Day 6: Embryo implants in the uterus Day 18: Human heartbeat can be detected Day 21: Foundations for many organs are apparent Day 31: Human anatomy (arms, legs, etc.) develops Day 38: Baby begins moving independently Day 40: Brain waves can be detected o What’s amazing is that this information on embryology is from a non-Muslim website. Day 40 is also the day the Angel implants the soul! Day 42: EKG and EEG can be done.
Insert Hadith in Muslim – States that the Angel comes with the soul at 40 or 45 days. Insert Hadith in al-Jame3 al sagheer – Indeed the muqtah will stay in the womb of the mother for 40 nights and then the angel will come to her.
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Important fiqh Principle •
Using this Hadith as a basis, a fetus comes into existence as a life at approximately 40 days, or 6 weeks gestation. Those that supposed the Hadith refer to three separate 40 day periods placed that much further at approximately 120 days or 4 months. o This is also important because the child will make shafa3ah for the parents. The Arabic needs to be simply looked into a
•
Funeral prayer can thus be prayed for any fetus that has passed 40-45 days or 6 weeks. o The reason it’s important to realize its 40 days and not 120 days, it affects the Fiqh – after 40 days it’s a life and requires janazah. Before 120, under the other opinion – it’s not considered to be a life.
Is the last part of the Hadith Fair? •
Armed with our understanding of the intention, this portion of this noble Hadith makes a great deal of sense and is very fair
•
Just doing the actions of the people of Paradise does not mean that those deeds were done for the right reasons or with the right intention.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS Insert Story of Town near North/South Dakota full of people with Arab features and names, who were descendants from 100 + years ago. Their grandfather was Muslim, but they’re not Muslim. Insert Story of Old Man who Didn’t Pray but He loves ZamZam. •
The Hadith should cause us to reflect on the Majesty and Ability of Allah to create from such a microscopic source a walking, thinking, acting human being.
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To reflect upon the mercy of Allah that he preserves us all throughout this very fragile state where any one of a million things could go wrong that we can be born.
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The Hadith contains in it a treatment for arrogance and pride, for when you remember your weak and flimsy origins; you have naught except to be humble.
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To be calm on the matter of provision for it is written o Provision includes your spouse and your children, etc.
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A reminder to be good to our parents, especially the mother, in whose womb all of the preceding occurs. o If your parents are alive and you don’t go to Jannah, you’re a loser! A real loser!
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o
Insert Hadith [ The Prophet was in Jannah walking around and he heard someone reciting Quran. He asked the Angels who is the one reciting the words of Allah in Jannah and they responded Al-Haarith. He heard that and he said, kathaleekum ul-Birr 3 times. This is because he wasn’t a man known for his recitation.
o
There’s one tabi3ee who is mentioned by name in the Hadith, Owais Al-Qarni. Sahih Muslim – Prophet told Umar Ibnul Khattab. There is a man named Owasi from al-Qarn. He made Dua for Allah to heal him and Allah healed him. The man is good to his mother. If you find him, ask him to make dua for you Umar ibnul Khattab. What could possibly be the status of that man? It was literally because of his goodness to his mother! Serve your parents. Sacrifice for them. Take care of them. Make them happy.
•
A reminder that it is the seal upon our lives that determines much, so not to be too proud of good that we have done for fear that we might end up upon evil, nor to be distraught over evil we have done in hopes that Allah will yet guide us to that which is better. That which we do upon our death is that which will send us forth to our final abode…
•
The fear of an evil end kept many of the righteous awake with tears; Sufyan ath-Thawri said through tears, “I fear that I have been written among the wicked in the Preserved Book, I fear that I will lose my Imaan upon my death-bed”; Maalik ibn Dinaar used to say, “Oh Allah you know the inhabitants of hell-fire and the inhabitants of Jannah, so in what land have you recoded the name of Maalik.
•
Thus this Hadith should cause us to reflect upon the sincerity of our deeds and our loyalty to Allah.
Hadith Five
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On the authority of the Mother of the Believers, Umm Abdullah ‘Aisha, who said: The Messenger of Allah said: “He who innovates something in this matter of ours that is not of it will have it rejected.” [Bukhari and Muslim] And in one version by Muslim it reads: “He who does an act which is not in agreement with our matter will have it rejected.”
NARRATOR: AISHA BINT AS-SIDEEQ •
•
The daughter of Abu Bakr, and the favorite wife of the Prophet; he married her when she was very young and she spent 9 years in close contact with him while she attained maturity, observing him in many different phases and thus able to relate his habits. She narrated 2210 Hadiths and was called upon for several years after the death of the Prophet to help the companions solve difficult problems. She was a scholar of the highest standard and had a great many students among the sahabah and the Tabi’een.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS • • • • •
The Shari’ah is complete and needs no additions. Principle: All acts of worship are forbidden with the exception of those acts performed, commanded or approved by the prophet. Principle: All worldly deeds are allowed with the exception of those deeds that are expressly forbidden in the Quran and Sunnah. No points for creativity in Islam, only for following. The Hadith encourages seeking knowledge for how else is one to come to the evidence to support a deed.
To Comply with Shari’ah: An act must conform to six parameters: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Cause – Taraweeh, Mawlid Type – Sacrifice Cow vs. Horse Amount - Maghrib 3 vs 4; Thikr morning/evening Manner – start wudu with feet, Time – Jumu’ah prayer on Sunday, Eid on weekend Place – Hajj in Arizona
7. Who – i.e. who can Sadaqah or Zakaah go to.
Relating to Bid’ah
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Insert Hadith - Abdullah ibn Mas’ood and Abu Musa al-Ash’ari. Abu Musa is sitting in the masjid and they are sitting in a circle making thikr and throwing a rock in the middle. He never saw it before so he didn’t say anything and he went to Abdullah ibn Mas’ood’s house and on the way to fajr he tells ibn Mas’ood. Ibn Mas’ood marched over there and told them “You are either more guided than the Prophet Muhammad or you are upon the clear Misguidance.” The person who narrates the Hadith said he saw them making thikr, and then he saw them in the battle of na7rawan. This is the battle of the khawarij. Abdullah ibn Abbas and the first thing he said is: I don’t see one companion of the Messenger of Allah among you. Eventually, these people started out doing a small thing and it grew. Bid’ah starts small and it grows and grows until it eats away at the person. There are 2 other dangers to Bidah that we should recognize. Ibnul Qayyim said there are 6 pitfalls that the Shaytaan tries to get people to fall into. 1. Shirk & Kufr 2. Bid’ah – i.e. how could throwing a stone into a circle be worse than killing someone? You never understand you’re doing something wrong and you spread it. At least if you commit a major sin (i.e. murder), then you know it’s wrong and you can ask for Repentance. With Bidah, you don’t usually seek repentance because you don’t see anything wrong.
3. 4. 5. 6.
What was enough for the Messenger and his companions should be enough for us as well. Major Sins Minor Sins Do nothing - This is tricky, because if you’re doing nothing – you’re not going a good deed. You’re not sinning, but not going good. Shaytaan will encourage you to do a real good deed, but one of lesser reward. So it’s a matter of what is preferable vs. not preferable. After that, he won’t come at you directly or indirectly. He will use his armies (i.e. bad people) and have them come at you to make your life difficult, miserable, etc.
Hadith 6
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On the authority of Abu Abdullah Al-Nu’man ibnu Basheer, who said I heard the messenger of Allah say: “That which is lawful is clear and that which is unlawful is clear and between the two of them are ambiguous matters about which not many people know. Thus, he who avoids doubtful matters clears himself in regard to his religion and his honor, but he who falls into doubtful matters falls into that which is unlawful, like the shepherd who pastures around a sanctuary, all but razing therein. Truly ever king has a sanctuary, and truly Allah’s sanctuary is His Prohibitions. Truly in the body there is a morsel of flesh which if it be whole, all the body is whole and which, if it be diseased, all of it is diseased. Truly, it is the heart.” [Bukhari and Muslim] •
You have 3 types of deeds: Halal = Green Lights, Unsure Issues = Yellow Lights, Haram = Red Lights.
NARRATOR: AN-NU’MAAN IBNU BASHEER • • • •
Born about 8-10 years before the death of the prophet. Was given positions of authority under the rule of Mu’aawiyah in the territories of Hums, Syria and Kufa, Iraq. He was killed in Hums when he was 74. Narrated 114 hadiths, 5 of which are agreed upon. Among his students were Al-Sha’bi, his servant, and son. His servant and son are included there because it shows that An Nu’maan cared about his family and those who were close to him.
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•
Samaak ibn Harb said, “By Allah al-Nu’maan was among the most eloquent speakers I have ever heard.”
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: • • • • • • • • •
In general, matters of halal and haram are clear. There are a small number of matters though that are unclear to the majority of people, and the rule with regards to these is caution (yellow light). The Hadith indicates the honor and knowledge, for the more knowledge, the smaller the number of unclear issues. To avoid doubtful matters will clear honor and deen. Whoever persists upon disliked matters or doubtful matters will no doubt eventually fall into Haram. From the effective techniques of teaching is to give an analogy or an example as did the Prophet here. The majority of matters are Halal, minority haram. The heart, in general, directs the body to good or evil. Indicates the importance of purification of soul/heart.
He also mentioned signs of a healthy heart: 1. A person considers himself as belonging to the next word and not this one. He feels like a stranger in this world and is waiting to go home in the next life. 2. The person is ashamed anytime he disappoints Allah or makes a mistake. This is really The way we look at sin. A small sin can look like a mountain vs. a mountain of sin looking like a fly. 3. If a person misses his daily portion of Quran and thikr, it’s heavier upon him and fills him with more remorse than if he lost wealth. 4. If they miss prayer in the masjid, people would visit them as if someone died. The person finds pleasure in worshipping Allah that is greater than eating and drinking. 5. It was well known that the Prophet would tell Belal, Are7na Biha. Basically, make athan so we can pray and so we can relax and find enjoyment in prayer. 6. The person is stingy with his time, more than a greedy person is with his wealth. 7. The person is as concerned with doing the deed, as you are with the sincerity and the intention of doing the deed. 8. The intention has just as much weight as the deed itself
Signs of a diseased heart: 1. The person feels no pain or discomfort when he commits a sin. 2. The person finds pleasure in that which Allah has forbidden and may even find relaxation in sin. 3. The person is more concerned with trivial matters than with heavy matters.
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4. 5. 6. 7.
The person dislikes the truth or has difficulty submitting to it. The person finds discomfort with people who are obedient to Allah. The person is overwhelmed by doubts and affected greatly by arguments and false discussions. The person is not affected by admonition, i.e. when they hear a Hadith or an Ayah from Quran they aren’t affected.
Hadith 7
On the authority of Abu Ruqayyah Tamim ibnu Aws Al-Dari that the Prophet (saws) said: "Religion is sincerity". We said: "To whom?" He said: "To Allah and His Book, and His Messenger, and to the leaders of the Muslims and their common folk." [Muslim] NARRATOR: TAMIM AD-DAARI • •
•
Accepted Islam in 9 AH and the Prophet mentioned him upon the pulpit in regards to Dajjal. Lived in Madinah until the death of ‘Uthmaan after which time he moved to Greater Syria where he died in Palestine in 40 AH. Was known for being a devout worshipper and fluent reciter of the Quran. Narrated about 18 hadith in various books of Hadith. ( …“ – )ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏand those too who have knowledge of the Scripture.” {13:43} Qatadah states that this ayah includes Salmaan al-Farisi, ibn Salaam and Tamim ad-Daari.
•
Tamim ad-Daari was on a boat. It crashed and he floated on pieces to the shore. When he got to the shore, they found this creature on the shore called al-jassassah. IT asked them some questions and it took them to a cave where a big man was chained to the wall. He asked if the prophet of the arabs had come, they replied yes and he said then my time will soon come.
NASEEHAH
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We need to look at the root of the word because how can we give Naseeha (i.e. advice) to Allah. Hence, the roots of the word make a big difference on the meaning. Two roots: 1. To clean, purify or improve something (Honey) 2. To join something together that is scattered or separated (sewing garment /2 parts of fabric) Shari’ definition (Lane): “direction to that which is for the good of the person who is the object, by words … or counsel; or sincere or honest conduct; or benevolence, desire for what is good for the person who is the subject.” How does a person give Naseehah to Allah? It needs to be understood as sincerity. You need to have a pure intention and you need to worship Allah as a unified Lord (i.e. Only One). When you do this, you’re doing it seeking the good from Allah. How about Naseehah to the Prophet (saws)? At the time of the companions, it was possible for them advise him in certain things (i.e. Salman / the Trench). However, in our times we need to believe in him, honor him, respect him, follow his commands, love him completely, etc.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: •
Insert Story about man whom the Prophet said this is a man of Jannah and Amr ibn al Aas, went to stay with him and the man – when he went to sleep he didn’t have any hatred in his heart towards any Muslim or believer. o
•
We need to ask for everyone’s forgiveness. There isn’t anyone in this room who is not desperate for Allah’s forgiveness. Whether Allah forgives him or not, that’s not the focus. However, if Allah forgives him – Allah will also forgive you. We all have a degree of Ghaflah (heedlessness) where we make mistakes that we’re not even aware of. It should not be an issue of wanting justice in punishment for someone, but it should be an issue of needing forgiveness.
This Hadith cuts off all the routes to cheating and deception, since the Muslim is required to always advise another Muslim as to that which is better for him. o
Abu Bakr did not excel or surpass the other companions because of his fasting or prayer, but because of something in his heart. This is because of his sincerity for Allah and his sincere love and good for everybody.
o
Abu Bakr sincerely loved what was good for the Ummah. (Find and Insert hadith relating to Abu Bakr’s loving good for the ummah).
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o
•
•
Among the greatest forms of advising is commanding the good and forbidding the evil. o Important to understand the difference between shaming someone and advising them: intention, remembering their good (advice sandwich), being specific about the shortcoming, advising in private if at all possible, not to create a bigger evil from your advice. o
Al Fudayl said, the believer conceals the sins of others and advises them where as the disbeliever exposes the sins of others…. and (what?)
o
They asked a scholar (Who? Al Fudayl?), what’s the best act we can do and he replied, to give advice for the sake of Allah.
Must have knowledge regarding that which you advise. o We need to have knowledge in advising people properly to keep them from furthering themselves into sinful acts. o
•
Insert Hadith and Story about a man (Jareer) buying a horse for 300 dirhams. Jareer looks at the horse and says your horse is worth more than that, until they reached 800 dirhams. When they asked him, Why he did that it was because he gave his allegiance to the Prophet and promised that he would always give sincere advice to every Muslim.
Take the example of AlHasan and AlHusayn (grandchildren of the Prophet) who saw an old man making wudu improperly. They actually thought about how to advise him in a way he would accept it. They agreed one would make wudu wrong, and the other one would correct him. When they finished, the old man smiled at them and said “I know what you’re doing” and he thanked them.
We should always accept advice and cut off pride.
When giving advice: 1. It’s important to know that there’s a big difference between shaming someone and advising them. 2. Do it nicely. Surround the meat with 2 pieces of bread. The meat is the advice and the 2 pieces of bread are some nice compliments. 3. You must have knowledge of that on which you advice 4. Lastly, you should accept the advice and not be pride. It’s important!
Hadith 8 37
Abdullah bin Umar narrated that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said:
"I have been ordered to fight against people until they testify that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah and until they perform the prayers and pay the zakat, and if they do so they will have gained protection from me for their lives and property, unless [they do acts that are punishable] in accordance with Islam, and their reckoning will be with Allah the Almighty." [Bukhari and Muslim]
SUB-NARRATOR: SHU’BAN IBNUL HAJJAJ •
Lived from 80-160 AH
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He was a Freed slave; Master of Hadith from among the people of Basrah, among the students of al-Hasan al-Basri; met Anas ibn Maalik; had no peer in Hadith in his era; narrated a large number of Hadith. o
Many scholars of the past were slaves. Hasan Al-Basri – his parents were Persian slaves. Nafe3 was the slave of Abdullah ibn Umar. Nafe3 is also part of the Golden Chain.
o
Slavery in the past, was not necessarily the American concept of southern slavery. It was different. Abi Dharr had a slave and they were dressed the same way as the owners. The average life expectancy of an American slave was about 10 years and that was because they were malnourished, not taken care of, and litereally worked to death.
o
The Prophet said, If you have slaves that Allah has given you. They are your brothers that Allah has put them under your control. So Feed them from what you eat, cloth them with the clothing that you wear, and don’t give them a hard job that they can’t handle (but if you give them a hard job, then help them).
o
Married couples in the past were not separated the same way they were in Southern America. 38
•
Among those that narrated from him: Ayub as-Sukhtiani (his teacher), al-Thawri, ibnal-Mubarak and Wakee’.
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Sufyan al-Thawri called him the Prince of the Believers in the field of Hadith.
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Imam al-Shaafi’ee said, “Were it not for him, hadith would not be known in Iraq.” “I never saw anyone more gentle with the needy than Shu’bah”.
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He once saw one of his students wearing a new shirt and asked him how much he had paid for it. The man replied, “8 dirhams”. He said, “Maybe you could have bought one for 4 dirhams and spent 4 in charity?”
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Known for his simplicity, his frequent prayer, his generosity, and his frequent fasting – once again, a great link between knowledge and action that we should reflect upon.
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Insert Hadith on Aisha cleaning money before giving Charity because she’s putting it in the Hand of Allah.
Ordered to Fight Against the People • •
Implicit command from Allah – “I have been ordered” Majority of scholars state that “the people” is a reference to the Mushrikeen (idolaters), due to the verified practice of peace agreements and jizyah as performed by the Prophet (saws) himself. o There is another variation of this Hadith in Sunan An-Nasa’i – Where the Prophet said he was ordered to fight the mushrikeen/idol worshippers/polytheists. o
We also have to take Historical Precedent into account. If the prophet was only ordered to fight the polytheists, how did he make peace treaties? How did he not fight at times? We can see examples in Treaty of Hudaybiyah, how he dealt with Abyssinia , etc. Umar made a peace treaty with the Christians of Jerusalem.
o
This shows us that one of the options the Caliph has is to fight the people. However, it’s not the only option. In Makkah, the Prophet was patient and he didn’t fight.
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Supported furthermore by the fact that this Hadith represents a general statement, not a specific one.
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It goes against “there is no compulsion in religion” {2:256} If we leave the hadith as it stands without sub-commentary o The goal of fighting is to make sure people have to right to hear about Islam. It’s not to fight people to make them Muslim. o In History, the people were not allowed to discuss, teach or spread Islam. There was religious oppression.
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o
Hence, they were allowed to fight as an option. They fought for these rights. This is also why when they had these rights, they signed peace treaties with non-Muslims and mushrikeen.
A Question •
Is it wrong for the Prophet (saws) to have fought to spread the domain of Islam (not to spread Islam) since it is the best way of life for mankind? o People who say Muslims are wrong for trying to spread their governance are hypocrites! This is exactly what’s happening today. This is what Greeks and Romans did. They didn’t say, AlHamdulillah, we’re happy with our land. They went and conquered because they believed they had the best form of living. The Chinese did it, the Indians did it, and today the Western powers do it (i.e. spread democracy & freedom). o Taking into account the above, What’s really wrong with the Muslims doing it?
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Would it then be wrong for democratic nations to fight wars to spread democracy since they believe in earnest that it is the best way of living for mankind?
Note on Jizyah • For the longest time, it was only 1 dirham! Later, it was raised to 4 dirhams. This is at a time when the lower class was earning 10-20,000 dirhams. • Back then, there was almost no incentive to become Muslim. If anything, it would be easier to stay non-Muslim living under Muslim rule or even under non-Muslim rule. • Financially speaking, you don’t have to pay zakah which is almost guaranteed to be a larger amount. Additionally, as a dhimmi, you don’t have to fight. The Muslims fight to protect you. This was a minimal tax for protection. Part of our problem today is we’re worried about numbers and not quality. We need to improve our manners and bring quality into the religion.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS •
People are to be judged by their outward actions and appearances. There is no validity to seeking out their intentions and secrets. Their intentions are none of our business.
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Life and property are two necessities that Islam protects.
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This hadith has particular importance in times of Fitnah, for whoever declares the shahadatayn, prays our prayer and pays the zakaah then we cannot say otherwise without clear evidence.
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“Except by the right of Islam” – crimes that may call for capital punishment and the like.
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Hadith 9
On the authority of Abu Huraira AbdurRahmaan ibnu Sakhr, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (saws) say: "What I have forbidden to you, avoid; what I have ordered you to do, do as much of it as you can. It was only their excessive questioning and their disagreeing with their prophets that destroyed those who came before you." [Bukhari and Muslim]
NARRATOR: ABU HURAYRAH •
Abu Hurayrah [d. 57 AH] was Born in Yemen as an orphan with only a mother. Accepted Islam early but didn’t join the Prophet (saws) until 7 AH; spent three years with the Prophet (saws) in close company, persistent in taking Hadith from him.
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“I divided my nights into three parts: in one third I would pray, in another sleep, and in the last third I would review the Hadith of the Prophet (saws).”
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“I said: ‘Messenger of Allah, truly I hear from you many ahadith which I forget.’ The Prophet (saws) said: ‘Spread your cloak.’ I spread my cloak and the Prophet made a scooping gesture with his hands, then said: ‘Wear it.’ I wore it, and I never forgot a thing thereafter.” (Bukhari)
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Narrated 5374 Hadith, large number Agreed Upon. o Having narrated so many ahadith, he clearly has a target on his back now because people are trying to discredit him. 41
o
In an unconfirmed report, someone went through all of the ahadeeth of Abu Huraryah and he found that there’s only 8 of them without another narrator.
Abu Hurairah and Hadith •
Lo! The people are saying: “Abu Hurairah narrates too much.” If it were not for two verses in the book of Allah I would not narrate a single hadith. Those who hide the proofs and the guidance which We revealed, after We had made it clear in the Scripture: such are cursed by Allah and cursed by those who have the power to curse. Except such of them as repent an amend and make manifest the truth. Toward these I relent. I am the Relenting, the Merciful. [Al-Baqarah 2:159-160] Truly, our brethren among the Muhajireen were busy with business transactions; and truly, our brethren among the Ansaar were busy working their lands; and truly, Abu Hurairah all this time kept company with the Prophet provided he had quelled his hunger, attending what they did not attend and memorizing what they did not memorize. [Bukhari, Muslim, Ahmad]
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: •
Points to the mercy of the Shari’ah in that it orders a person to only do what they are capable of o This is because of how the hadith starts. What I have forbidden you, avoid. What I’ve told you to do; do as much of it as you can.
•
Types of questions that led to destruction of Societies: 1. Questions that have no benefit and no need a. If I was on the moon with no food and I saw a monkey is it halal to eat him? 2. That which is asked in ridicule or jest 3. Too many hypothetical questions 4. About that which Allah has kept hidden (i.e. Qadar and the Hour)
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The type of question which is praiseworthy is that which results in a good deed and benefits the person
•
It is not enough to not do the forbidden. You need to stay away from it and from that which leads to it.
Hadith 10 42
On the authority of Abu Huraira, who said: the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "Allah the Almighty is pure and accepts only that which is pure. And indeed Allah has commanded the believers with that which He commanded the Messengers, and He has said: "O My Messengers! Eat of the good and pure things and do righteous deeds". And Allah the Almighty has said: "O you who believe! Eat of the good and pure things which We have provided you". Then he mentioned the case of a man who, having journeyed far, is disheveled and dusty and who spreads out his hands to the sky [saying]: "O Lord! O Lord!" - while his food is unlawful, his drink unlawful, his clothing unlawful, and he is nourished unlawfully, so how can he be answered?" [Muslim]
THE COMPANIONS ON ABU HURAIRAH •
The number of those who narrated from him reached 800 including both Companions and Successors.
•
At the burial of Abu Hurairah, Ibn ‘Umar said: “He preserved the ahadith of the Prophet for the Muslims” and “O Abu Hurairah! You were the most devoted of us in accompanying the Messenger of Allah, and the most knowledgeable of us all in his hadith.” (Hasan in Tirmithi)
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Abu Ayyub al-Ansari said: “Abu Hurairah heard what we did not hear.”
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Led the funeral prayer over Aisha and Hafsa.
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o
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Why is this important that he led the prayer over Aisha and Hafsa? People only put the best of them forward to lead. This shows how well esteemed he was in the eyes of the Muslims and its also showing that he led the prayers over 2 mothers of the believers.
If we removed abu hurayrah from the picture, we would only lose 8 ahadeeth from the 5,300+ ahadeeth he narrated. All 8 of the hadith have nothing to do with aqeedah or fiqh. The reason for this is other sahabi have narrated ahadeeth as well.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS •
Establishes one of Allah’s names – At-Tayyib – Pure; He who is far removed from deficiency and defect.
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Allah only accepts from the actions, statements, wealth, that which is pure and free from disobedience. o
Pure in what sense? Pure in all senses. It is done with sincere intentions, pure of bidah, pure of mistakes, pure of ignorance, and in some cases even pure physically.
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How to achieve purity in word and deed? To make it sincere for Allah, in accordance with the Sunnah and to eat from halal sources avoiding haram sources.
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Eating halal is strongly emphasized as it helps the Muslim to perform righteous deeds, to have his du’a accepted and to be pure before Allah and vice versa. o
If you want purity in your deeds and in your heart, make sure you put pure things in your stomach.
Means Behind Accepted Du'a •
The du’a of the traveler upon a long journey. o Insert Hadith – Three Dua are going to be accepted and there is no doubt about them. AsSadiq al-Mathloom (notice it doesn’t say Muslim), dua of the travel, and the dua of the parents against their child. o
•
•
Insert Story of a boy who went to learn from Imam Malik. The boy wanted to learn hadith. He didn’t have great manners and so some people took him out and taught him manners. Imam Malik was afraid of having dua made on him, so he asked what he could do to resolve the issue and he taught him a hadith for every beating he received.
The du’a of the disheveled and dusty person. o
Usually because of travelling, sometimes because they’re poor, etc.
o
Insert Hadith – It may be how often a person, disheveled is turned away from the doors. However, he’s so beloved to Allah that if that person swears by Allah, Allah will fulfill his oath.
The du’a of the one who raises his hands in accordance with the Sunnah (not in Jumu’ah, etc.) o
One of the Sahabah saw a man doing this and told him to take his hands down.
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•
To repeat certain portions of the dua w/ humility
Means Behind NON-Accepted Du'a • • •
The one who eats haram food The one who drinks haram drinks The one who is sustained by haram earnings
Hadith 11
On the authority of Abu Muhammad Al-Hasan bin Ali ibn Abu Talib, the grandson of the Messenger of Allah (saws) and his beloved, who said: I memorized from the Messenger of Allah (saws) his saying: "Leave that which makes you doubt for that which does not make you doubt." [Tirmithi & Nasa'ee; Tirmithi classified it as Hasan]
NARRATOR: AL-HASAN IBN ALI IBN ABU TALIB •
Al-Hasan [d. 50 AH] is the Grandson of the Prophet through his daughter Fatima. He was Born in 3 AH and is 1 year older than al-Hussain.
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Became Caliph after the death of Ali but abdicated to Mu’awiyyah only 6-7 months later in 41 AH. He thus fulfilled the prophecy of the Prophet (saws) that he would bring peace to two great groups of the Muslims.
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He and his brother will be the masters of the Youth on the Day of Judgment as stated by the Prophet (saws).
BENEFICIAL LESSONS:
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This hadith represents a great, yet forgotten, principle of cautious avoidance (wara’) in Islam. o
Wara’ is cautious avoidance. Zuhd is translated as asceticism.
o
Wara’ is a higher level of taqwa where you avoid something which seems halal but with some doubt for fear that it may harm you in the hereafter. -
o
The size of the area where things are not clear will vary depending upon your knowledge. The more knowledge you have, the less the unclear issues are. The less knowledge you have, the more doubt you have about halal and haram. Zuhd is to neglect everything which contains no benefit for the hereafter. Wara3 is avoiding everything that you fear might harm you in the hereafter.
From the benefits of wara’: 1. It protects your honor and your religion (Similar to Hadith # 6) 2. It is among the best aspects of the religion: ) ﻭﺧﲑ ﺩﻳﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻉ ( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ The best of your religion is al-wara3. “Wa khayra deeneekum ul-wara3.” 3. It is a means of strength in worship – “Have wara’ and you will be among the best of those who worship Allah …” (Sahih - IM) 4. Sunnah of Rasulullah (saws). a. Example of the date fruit in the street. [Insert Hadith from Bukhari and Muslim] The Prophet saw a date in the street and he didn’t eat it because he was afraid it may be from charity. He didn’t want to eat it because of that doubt. If he ate it, it would have been halal for him because he didn’t know. However, he avoided it anyways for not wanting to accidentally commit a haram action. 5. It is a source of salvation from the oppression of doubt a. If you have so many doubts, save yourself the headache and just avoid it. You can avoid the concern and the regret of having made the potentially wrong decision. b. Sayings from Men of Knowledge in the Past “Taqwa will remain in the hearts of the people who have taqwa as long as they leave much of the permissible for fear that it may be impermissible.” – Al-Hasan Al Basri. This is because if you keep putting yourself in doubtful circumstances, you’re eventually going to fall into haram. Imam an-Nawawi didn’t want to eat the food of the khalifah because he was a tyrant. sWe would leave 90% of what would be permissible because of fear of it leading to haram.” 46
- Umar Ibnul Khattab “For me to avoid one coin of haram because of wara’, that’s more beloved to me than giving a hundred thousand in sadaqah.” – Abdullah Ibnul Mubarak
Hadith 12
On the authority of Abu Huraira, who said: The Messenger of Allah (saws) said : "Part of someone's being a good Muslim is his leaving alone that which does not concern him." [Tirmithi and others; Hasan]
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: •
The religion of Islam is full of merits, this being one.
•
From the merits of Islam is that one should not busy himself to even the smallest degree with that which will not benefit him in his deen nor in his Hereafter.
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The more a person wastes his time with that which does not concern him is a sign of fault in his deen.
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Some examples of that which does not concern: vain speech, excessive questioning into people’s lives, excessive time in games and news, television, internet if not controlled, blog comments/arguments, activities of “killing time”, some stories and magazines.
Al-Ghazali said,
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“How do you treat wasting your time? The treatment for wasting your time is that you should know that death is between your hands (i.e. in front of you) and that he is accountable for every word that he says (i.e. every word you say will show up on the day of judgment) and that your breaths are your bank account (i.e. that’s the money you can invest; how do you want to invest those breaths? That’s all you have, so you need to decide how you want to use that time) and that your tongue is a net whereby which he can capture the hoor al-ayn (the maidens of Jannah). With all of this, why would you waste your time with that which doesn’t concern you? That indeed is the greatest loss ever.” Hasan AlBasri said, “From the signs that Allah has turned away from a servant is that he makes him busy with that which does not concern him.” Malik ibn Dinar, a great scholar of hadith, said, “If you find that your heart has become hard and that your body has become weak, and that there is a deficiency in your provision, know that you are speaking about things which do not concern you.” Shafi’ee said: “Three things that will increase your intellect: 1. Sit with the scholars 2. Sitting with the righteous people 3. Leaving out speech which doesn’t concern you” Shafi’ee also said, “whoever wishes that Allah will bless him with light (or illuminate him), let him leave talking about that which doesn’t concern him.”
Hadith 13
On the authority of Abu Hamza Anas ibn Maalik, The servant of the Messenger of Allah, that The Prophet (saws) said : 48
"None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself." [Bukhari and Muslim]
NARRATOR: ANAS IBN MAALIK •
Born 10 BH, was brought by his mother after the Hijrah to serve the Prophet (saws). He served the Prophet until the Prophet’s death (about 10 years). He was raised from age 10 to 20 by the Prophet (saws).
•
The Prophet (saws) prayed for him that Allah bless him with wealth, long life, many children and enter him into Jannah. Had ~ 120 children; died after reaching 100 yrs.
•
Narrated about 2200 hadith. Died in Basra 93 AH.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: •
From the signs of complete faith to love for your brother what you love for yourself and vice versa. o Some of the companions had a mouse in their home. They were concerned that if they put poison out not, the mouse may go to the neighbor’s house. Now, all of a sudden, you don’t like this creature for yourself, but you don’t want it going to the neighbor’s house because you love for your brother what you love for yourself.
•
Encouragement to humility means you don’t like to be above or in better condition than your brother or sister. o That means I wouldn’t want to be better dressed than my brothers, or have better clothes than my brothers, or live in a better home than anyone of my brothers.
•
Encouragement to forsake hatred and envy o This is a treatment for hatred and envy! If you feel envy, you should make dua for that person because you should love for your brother to have what you love for yourself.
•
To love for those even that may not love you or wish well for you is an even higher application.
Imam Shafi’ee said: “I wish the people would learn the stuff that I know and they never attributed any of it to me.” Here he combined loving for others what he loves for himself, but he also wanted sincerity. Ibn Abbas said that sometimes he would be looking at an ayah of Quran and he wished that everyone else knew what he knew about that ayah.
Hadith 14 49
Abdullah ibn Mas'ud narrated that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "The blood of a Muslim may not be legally shed except in one of three [instances]: the married person who commits adultery; a life for a life; and one who forsakes his religion and abandons the community." [Bukhari and Muslim]
SUB-NARRATOR: MASROOQ IBNUL-AJDA’ •
Masrooq [62 AH] narrated from Companions like Umar and his son Abdullah, Uthmaan, Ali ibn Abu Talib, ‘Aisha, Mu’aath ibn Jabal, Ubay ibn Ka’b, ibn Mas’ood, etc.
•
Those that narrated from him include: al-Sha’bi, Ibrahim al-Nakha’ee, Abdullah ibn Murra, Abu Is-haq
•
Al-Sha’bi said, “I never saw anyone seek knowledge so persistently as Masrooq.” Also, “When he made Hajj, I never saw him sleep except in sajdah till his return.”
•
Ibnul-Madeeni said, “I don’t believe anyone from among those who were led by Abu Bakr in prayer precedes Masrooq.”
Statements from Masrooq •
“That I give verdicts of justice and truth one day is more beloved to me than one year in battle.”
•
Fought in al-Qaadisiyah and against the Khawaarij with Ali ibn Abu Talib (Battle of Nahrawaan).
•
“It is enough as evidence of a person’s knowledge that he has humility before Allah and it is enough as evidence of his ignorance that he is proud of himself.”
•
“The person should have certain times of solitude wherein he reflects upon his sins and asks forgiveness.”
STORY OF UMAR IBNUL KHATTAB’S DEATH
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Dr. Ali told us the story of Umar ibnul Khattab’s assassination. Abu Lu’lu’ Al-Majoosi, a fire worshipper who was not expelled from Medina, had a two sided dagger that he dipped in poison. He had hid behind a pillar at fajr time, when it was dark and no one could be seen and then he jumped out and stabbed Umar part way through fajr prayer. Other muslims were also stabled, but when Abu Lu’lu’ could not escape, he stabbed himself and killed himself. Eventually, after the prayer, there was a man who was praising Umar and Umar said take him away from me. Ibn Umar put his father’s head in his lap and Umar requested to leave his head on the dirt. -
Umar didn’t need to worry about these things, he was basically guaranteed Jannah. However… This is in part because the more you realize Allah’s perfection, the more we realize how imperfect we all are and how many mistakes we make.
THE ADULTERER WHO HAS KNOWN MARRIAGE In Sahih Muslim it is narrated that when Maa’iz came to the Messenger of Allah (saws) and said, “Purify me,” he said, “Woe to you! Go back and pray to Allah for forgiveness and repent to Him.” -
The adulterer who knew marriage previously (even if he’s divorced) is subject to the hadd.
-
This is after Maa’iz went to Abu Bakr and Umar. Abu Bakr said Woe to you! Go home and repent. Umar said something similar and then Maa’iz went to the Prophet (saws). The prophet initially turned Maa’iz away, but Maa’iz was persistant. The prophet asked people around this man if he was crazy or if he was drunk, etc.
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A woman named A-lGhamidiyyah was watching this whole thing and she came to the Prophet and said she had done the same thing and don’t think you can do to me what you did with Maa’iz (meaning you can’t get out of it). After the prophet had Al-Ghamidiyyah stoned, he prayed for her. Umar asked him, “Ya Rasulullah, You’re going to pray over a fornicator?” The prophet told Umar that her repentance would have covered 70 people of Madinah.
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A rapist would fall under someone waging war with the Muslims because he is terrorizing the woman. The punishment for rape is an entirely different thing. Zina, however, is when someone willingly consented to a punishment.
Al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar said: It may be understood from this case – the case of Maa’iz when he confessed to having committed zina – that it is preferred for the one who falls into a similar sin to repent to Allah and conceal his sin and not mention it to anyone, as Abu Bakr and ‘Umar said to Maa’iz. Whoever discovers anything of that nature should conceal it according to what we have mentioned; he should not expose it or refer the matter to the ruler, as the Prophet (saws) said in this story: “If you had concealed it with your garment it would have been better for you.”
Hence al-Shafi’ee said: “If a person commits a sin and Allah conceals it for him, I prefer for him to conceal it too and to repent,” and he quoted as evidence the story of Maa’iz with Abu Bakr and ‘Umar. [Fath al-Bari]
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TO TAKE A LIFE FORBIDDEN BY ALLAH
' nâ&#x2DC;şÖ´> VÂ&#x2122; 8 )=ď&#x192;§9 O L ( Â&#x203A; # EÖ´ Â&#x2021;g: Ö´hÖ´ Rď&#x192;§G; Q Ö´Â&#x161; Rď&#x192;§_( Ö´> ( _ PGH 8 iQ cHCÂ&#x152;*( !Â&#x152;"$ Â&#x203A;â&#x2DC;ş- [ 8  . P 8 Rď&#x192;§_ K' 8 J( â&#x20AC;&#x153;And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell to abide therein, and the Wrath and the Curse of Allah are upon him, and a great punishment is prepared for himâ&#x20AC;?. [An-Nisaaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; 4:93] Insert Hadith: From the 7 deeds that wipe out all good deeds â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Al-Mubiqaat 1. Shirk 2. Magic 3. Killing someone wrongfully 4. Eating / Consuming / Devouring the property of the orphan 5. Eating Riba 6. Run away from the battle 7. Wrongly Accuse an otherwise accuse the chaste, heedless woman (This refers to false accusation, not necessarily limited to zina according to Dr. Ali) [Bukhari & Muslim]
THE ONE WHO FORSAKES HIS RELIGION AND ABANDONS HIS COMMUNITY It is a matter reserved for the Ruler who may delay it in hopes of that personsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; repentance or act upon it if that person sought to harm the Muslims after his apostasy â&#x20AC;&#x201C; it is essentially treason! [Taken from a statement by Umar ibnul Khattab, an-Nakhaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ee, ath-Thawri] â&#x20AC;˘
This is not someone who simply walks away because he wants to go drink. The one this Hadith is more specifically talking about refers to the person who leaves Islam and then proceeds to fight you. o (Bayhaqee & Ibn Hazm) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Athar â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Malik comes to Umar ibnul Khattab. Umar asks him what happened to those 6 people with Baqr ibn Waâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;el and they apostate from Islam (i.e. they joined forces with the mushrikeen). Umar was told they got killed in the battle. So Umar replies, Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji3oon. Anas, asks why... wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have they died anyways? Umar said he would have invited them back to Islam or at least put them in jail. o
We would delay the punishment for those that weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d hope they would repent.
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â&#x20AC;˘
Apostasy - Etymology: Middle English apostasie, from Late Latin apostasia, from Greek, literally means revolt, from aphistastha. In a technical sense, as used sometimes by sociologists, the term refers to renunciation and criticism of, or opposition to, one's former religion.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: What is the benefit of capital punishment here? - Every one of these punishments is subject to the ruler. He may either initiate the punishment or delay/prolong for a reason he may have. Things to Remember: 1. These are things that are left for the Islamic Government 2. They each have different weights and measures. Not every apostate is the same, etc.
Hadith 15
Abu Huraira narrated that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said : "Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day either speak good or remain silent, and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his neighbor, and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be gracious to his guest." [Bukhari and Muslim]
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BENEFICIAL LESSONS:
Importance of Guarding the Tongue -
It’s not just enough to say we believe, but we also must learn to guard our tongue. Either we say something good, or we stay quiet. We will recognize people of knowledge by this virtue. The people of knowledge are generally very quiet.
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This is a sign, not only of knowledge, but of Imaan.
Rights of the Neighbors Three types of neighbors: 1. Close Muslim Neighbor – has the right of Islam, being close and of being a neighbor (most rights). 2. Distant Muslim Neighbor – has the right of Islam and of being a neighbor 3. Non-Muslim Neighbor – has the right of being a neighbor and of being close if that be the case These are ordered with respect to who has the most rights. •
Jibreel continued to encourage me with the good treatment of my neighbor until I thought he was going to make them a part of my inheritance
•
Insert Hadith [ A man said to the Prophet, my neighbor, this woman, prays a lot and fasts a lot, but she also harms her neighbors by her tongue. Immediately he said, she’s in the hellfire.
The Rights of the Guest The scholars have some differences of opinions on what the rights of the guest are. •
Insert Hadith - The companions asked The Prophet about the Guest. The prophet replied. Jaa’izah. They asked what is Jaa’izah. He replied to honor them for one day and one night.
•
Insert Hadith - Sahih Muslim [ Man kana eu2menou billahi wal youmel akhit fal eukrem dayfahou… “You have to be good to your neighbor and give him what he deserves. What do they deserve? Host them for one day and one night.”
These things that are all mentioned are signs of our belief. If we’re not doing these things, then we must start doing these things immediately. This includes the importance of guarding our tongue, generosity with our neighbors and our guests.
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Hadith Sixteen
On the authority of Abu Huraira, who said, “A man said to the Prophet (saws): "Advise me." He said: "Do not become angry". The man repeated his request several times, and he replied each time: "Do not become angry." [Bukhari]
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: This hadith shows something really interesting about Imam Nawawi – He has experience with people. All these things that we’re learning, they’re things that he was doing. Over time, he learned that this was a big problem. Means of Quelling Anger: 1. Saying Authu billahi min ash-Shaytaan ar-Rajeem 2. Changing your position – if stand, then sit, then lie down 3. Making Wudu’ (since Shaytaan is from Fire) [from Hadith in Abu Dawood] 4. Be quiet/avoid speaking in that moment a. Insert Hadith by Ibn Abbas narrated by Imam Ahmad, “teach one another and give one another glad tidings, and if you become angry be quiet, and if you become angry be quiet, and if you become angry be quiet.” 5. Remember that quelling rage results in Jannah a. Insert Hadith - La taghdab wa lakal Jannah. [Sahih – Albani]
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b. Insert Hadith â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Whoever controls his rage when he is capable of acting upon it (i.e. beat someone up, insult the other person, etc.),Allah will pull him out in front of all of creation on the day of Judgment and give him his choice of Hoor al-Ayn. -
This is a reward that is specific for men, largely because they have the authority over women. Men are most likely the ones to get angry and act upon it. Men are usually the ones who get into fights in the street.
Hadith Seventeen
Abu Yaala Shaddad ibn Aws said that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "Verily Allah has prescribed proficiency in all things. Thus, if you execute, execute well; and if you slaughter, slaughter well. Let each one of you sharpen his blade and let him spare suffering to the animal he slaughters."
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[Muslim]
NARRATOR: SHADAAD IBN AWS •
Companion of the Prophet (saws) known for being among the scholars of the Companions and the honored; narrated about 50 hadith with 3 in the Sahihs.
•
Known for his gentleness and his ability to control his anger. Considered among the zuhaad of the Companions as well in worship.
•
Left Madinah after the assassination of Uthmaan and went to al-Shaam to escape the Fitnah. Died in Jerusalem in 58 AH at the age of 75.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: • • •
Allah has commanded excellence in the Quran. It is part of this noble religion to show kindness and mercy even to the animal before it is slaughtered. From the greatest forms of excellence is that which is done to those who act with evil towards you. o 2edfa3 bil latee heeya a7san – Surah Fussilat. Find verse Number.
There are many benefits to excellence as mentioned in the Quran: 1. Allah will reward them with excellence, 2. they will have goodness in this life, 3. the mercy of Allah is close to them, 4. they will Jannah, 5. they are given glad tidings, 6. Allah loves them and is with them, 7. Allah will not cause their reward to be lost. a. InnaLaha la eudayee3ou ajroul muhsineen. Important Principle: The principle is, Al-Jazaa’u min jins al 3amal. The reward is in line with the action. Allah says in the Quran… Fa ma jazaa’ul ihsaan 2ellal Ihsaan. -
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One of the punishments for the arrogant people, when they’re raised up and they’re going towards the land people will be resurrected in different images. Hence, The arrogant person looked down upon others, so Allah will cause him to be so small like a small ant while the other people are very big. If you’re forgiving, Allah will be more forgiving with you. If you’re merciful (i.e with the sheep), Allah will be merciful with you.
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Hadith 18
On the authority of Abu Dhar Jundub ibnu Junadah, and Muadh ibnu Jabal that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said : "Fear Allah wherever you are, and follow up a bad deed with a
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good one and it will wipe it out, and behave towards people with good manners." (Tirmithi narrated the hadith and said it was fine, and in some manuscripts, authentic and fine)
NARRATOR: MU’AATH IBN JABAL • • • •
The Prophet (saws) said he was the most knowledgeable of the Ummah in issues of Halal and Haram. Was sent as an emissary to call the people of Yemen to Islam. Memorized the entire Quran during the life of the Prophet (saws) and was among those whom the Prophet (saws) encouraged people to take the Quran from. Narrated 157 hadith but died early from plague in 17 AH at the young age of 34.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: What is Taqwa? Taqwa is very simple. Do what Allah told you to do. Don’t do what Allah forbade you to do.
• • • •
“That Allah sees you where He commanded you to be and not where He forbade from being.” Fear Allah wherever you are whether people see you or they don’t. From among the deeds that result in salvation is to fear Allah both in public and in secret (Sahih al-Jaami’). Taqwa is to shield yourself from the fire by doing good deeds and abstaining from sin. It’s like a shield or a wall between you and the fire.
Three things that will destroy you: 1. Stinginess that is obeyed 2. Temptation that is followed 3. That a person is pleased with himself Three things that will increase you in Taqwa you: 1. To be humbled by (i.e. fear/obey) Allah in public and private. 2. Behaving the same when you’re wealthy or poor (i.e. spending, you remain charitable) a. The sahabah used to give the most when they were poor. b. As-Saadiq Al-Masdooq. Money only increases itself when spent for the sake of Allah. 3. That you are Just and Fair when you’re angry and when you’re happy. Al Shafi’ee said: The most honorable 3 characteristics 1. To be generous when you have a little. 59
2. Wara’ fil khalwa – Awareness of Allah in private. 3. The word of truth in front of someone that you need or someone that you fear (i.e. your boss, your parents, etc.) Insert Hadith – The Prophet (saws) whoever intended the hereafter 3 things he will get 1. Allah will make his affairs easy for him 2. His contentment will be in front of his eyes 3. the dunya (i.e. wealth and blessings of this world) will come to him even reluctantly. The one who intends this dunya and not the hereafter: 1. 2. He will be running around after all of his affairs trying to get the pieces together 3. He will never get from the dunya except that which was decreed for him.
From the Fruits of Taqwah: 1. It is a cause of ease in your affairs. {65:4} a. Just set out on the road and Allah will cause ease for you. i.e. give sadaqah with yaqeen. 2. It is the true source of honor before Allah. {49:13} 3. The good end belongs to those with Taqwa. {7:128} 4. It is among the chief means of entering Jannah. {26:90} 5. It is a chief means of removing sins. {65:5} 6. They will have glad tidings in this life. {10:63-64} 7. A means of salvation on Yawm al-Qiyamah. {19:72} 8. Source of material blessings in this life. {7:96} 9. A means of getting out of difficulty. {65:2} 10. Allah loves those with Taqwa. {9:4, 3:76} 11. Allah only accepts deeds from those with Taqwa. {5:27}
THE KEYS TO TAQWAH These are some of the things we need to develop Taqwa. Ibn Juzayy al-Kalbi: 1. Fear of punishment in the Hereafter a. Learn the stages of the hereafter. b. For example, anything below the ankles is in the fire. What does that mean exactly? As you cross the sirat, imagine that your ankles or what’s below them is on fire. This will be an extra challenge for you. 2. Fear of punishment in this world. a. Sins cause punishment in this world. b. Ibn Sireen, the famous tabi3ee, he was feeling a lot of agony. He knew that this agony was from a sin he committed 20-30 years ago. 60
3. Hope for reward in the Hereafter. a. We hope when we have something to hope with. Don’t have foolish hope. Be sincere. 4. Hope for reward in this world. a. The believer gets rewarded with goodness in this world and the hereafter. We should expect this. 5.Fearing the accounting for your deeds 6. Feeling shame that Allah sees you in disobedience. a. Feeling ungrateful for committing sins despite Allah’s blessings upon us. b. If we really love Allah, do we feel ashamed when we’re disobeying Him? Do we not care? 7.Being grateful to Allah for all His blessings to you. 8. Having true knowledge of Allah and His Names {35:28} a. Mentioned a Hadith about “Whoever worships Allah by his beautiful names, he will enter Jannah.” – Does this mean that we just memorize the names? No, the qualities of Allah’s names should have an impact on us. Allah is Al-Muntaqim, the one who takes revenge. That should remind us not to sin and to be merciful with others. 9. Having true awe for the Majesty and Might of Allah. a. How can you disobey Allah when you sincerely love, fear, and are in Awe of Allah. 10. Being sincere and loyal in your love to Allah.
10 WAYS TO ERASE SINS 1. Sincere repentance (stopping the sin, remorse, intention) a. This is one of the few things that can wipe out a major sin! b. Ask question on Remorse... it doesn’t always last… is it supposed to? 2. Seeking forgiveness (Sayyid al-Istighfaar) a. Whoever says it sincerely during the day or at night (and he knows its meaning and believes in it) and he dies in that time respectively, he will go to Jannah. Insert Hadith. 3. Deeds that act as expiation (5 salah, Jumuah, Ramadan, etc.) 4. Trials and afflictions met w/ patience in this life a. Important, when met with patience! b. Insert Hadith - Patience is at the first strike. c. Insert Hadith - Even the thorn when it pricks the believer, it will be expiation for him. 5. Supplication of believer for another believer a. This is especially a good way to show love for your parents. 6. Act done by living person for dead (Hajj, Fast, Zakah) a. Insert Hadith – when a person dies only 3 things will benefit him; continuous charity, knowledge that benefits people, and a righteous child that makes dua for you. b. When it comes to Hajj, Fasting, and Zakah – we’re talking about a person who would have done those things.
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One Catch - The person who died needed to have the intention! The person told their son or daughter they wanted to make Hajj, but they died before they could go. However, if the person wouldn’t have gone – it won’t help them because they didn’t have the intention.
7. The questioning in the grave and its punishment. a. Munkar and Nakeer will give some people a severe beating. b. The questioning alone is absolutely horrifying! This is a mercy for the person because the person will be shedding sin. (Is there a daleel for this?) 8. The horror & difference of the events of the Day of Judgment. 9. The intercession of the Prophet (saws) for his Ummah. 10. The Mercy of the Most Merciful not due to any deed a. Allah will have mercy upon certain people and take them out of hell. The angels will say that these people didn’t do anything good whatsoever. Yet, they somehow leave hell and they can enter heaven. (Note: These are the last of the people to exit the hellfire and enter heaven). - Doesn’t that mean that you don’t need good deeds? The murji2a make a mistake by clinging on this hadith because this is a statement of the angels and not Allah.
THE IMPORTANCE OF GOOD MANNERS 1. Insert hadith – Indeed, I have been sent to perfect good manners. ‘Inna bu3ithtu…” a. Good manners to Allah b. Good manners to the Creations c. Good manners to Yourself 2. Insert Hadith – Abi Dharr – He went and he saw a man in a valley teaching good manners. That’s the earliest thing he saw the prophet teaching. 3. Insert Hadith – The prophet said, a man can reach through their good manners the status of the one who prays at night and fasts during the day. 4. Insert Hadith – This Hadith is a guarantee! This should set off red flags and lights everywhere. Why? You can take this guarantee to the bank and better! “I will guarantee a house in Jannah for the one with good manners.” Part of Taqwa includes having Good Manners. Taqwa cannot be complete without Good Manners. 1. Insert Story of Salman Al-Farisi and Abi Dardaa’. Abi Dardaa’ wasn’t giving everything it’s right. 2. Insert Hadith – What is the thing that will guarantee the most people Jannah? Taqwa and good manners. 62
3. Insert Hadith â&#x20AC;&#x201C; There is nothing heavier on the scales of the Day of Judgment than good manners. (Tirmidhi) 4. Insert Hadith - The most complete of the believers in the sense of their Iman are the ones that have the best manners [Ahmad] 5. Insert Hadith - Indeed the believer can attain the status of the one who fasts every day and prays every night simply by the good manners 6. I guarantee a house in the highest and best part of Jannah for the one who perfects his manners. *Some of these ahadeeth immediately above are also included in the numbered section just above*
Hadith Nineteen
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On the authority of Abul Abbas Abdullah ibn Abbas, who said: One day I was behind the Prophet (saws) and he said to me: "Young man, I shall teach you some words [of advice]: Be mindful of Allah, and Allah will protect you. Be mindful of Allah, and you will find Him in front of you. If you ask, ask of Allah; if you seek help, seek help of Allah. Know that if the community were to gather together to benefit you with anything, it would benefit you only with something that Allah had already decreed for you, and that if they gather together to harm you with anything, they would harm you only with something Allah had already decreed for you. The pens have been lifted and the pages have dried." [Sahih in Tirmithi] 64
In a version other than that of Tirmithi it reads: "… Be mindful of Allah, you will find Him before you. Get to know Allah in prosperity and He will know you in adversity. Know that what has passed you by was not going to befall you; and that what has befallen you was not going to pass you by. And know that victory comes with patience, relief with affliction, and ease with hardship."
NARRATOR: ABDULLAH IBN ABBAS •
The Scholar of the Ummah, Imam of Tafsir, and cousin of the Prophet (saws) born three years before the Hijrah. Migrated to Madinah from Makkah in 8 AH with his mother.
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Famous story regarding his early pursuit of knowledge, he took hadith from most of the major Companions and recited the Quran upon Zayd and Ubayy. He was the sheikh of Sa’id ibn Jubayr, Mujahid and others. Mujahid went over the Quran 30 times with ibn Abbas and 3 times ibn Abbas asked him to give the explanation of each ayah.
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Spent the greater part of 30 months with the Prophet (saws), who made a special supplication for him that he becomes knowledgeable in the religion “Allahumma Faqih-hou fid-deen wa 3allemhou ta2weelah.” He became an expert in Tafsir and narrated 1660 Hadith. Died 68 AH.
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Insert Hadith – Abdullah ibn Abbas where he prayed at night with the Prophet and the Prophet read Surah Al-Baqarah, An-Nisaa’, and Aali-Imraan.
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Insert Story of Abdullah ibn Abbas when the Prophet died, he went to his friends and said we should go seek knowledge, etc. Abdullah ibn Abbas, he used to go sit and wait outside the house of a companion. Sometimes ibn Abbas would fall asleep waiting for them and they would ask him why wouldn’t wake us up to come talk to you.
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Insert Story - Umar Ibnul Khattab eventually came to know about Ibn Abbas and he invited him to come and sit on the shuraa council with the people of badr. People wondered about it and Umar asked all of the companions there to give the tafsir for “Etha Jaa’a Nasrullahi wal fath.” Their tafseer was not wrong, but Abdullah ibn Abbas was able to add that this surah was signaling the prophet of his impending death. He finished his mission and now he should seek the forgiveness of Allah and prepare to meet his lord.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS •
This hadith is an indication of the Prophet’s concern for the Youth as well as his humility.
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To “guard Allah” is to follow His commands and abstain from what He forbids, results in Allah’s protection of the servant both in this life and in the Hereafter.
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Allah’s guarding = protecting servant’s worldly needs and interests, such as protecting his body, family, wealth, etc; also protecting his deen from temptation, bid’ah, error
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Ali said, “Every person has two Angels with him that guard him from everything that is not decreed. When the decree (death) comes, they leave …”
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Story about at-Tabari when he was an older man. He was riding on a ship and the ship was about to go out of the water and there was a huge oar. One of these oars fell on the ground. Each Oar needed about 6-7 people. Big strong men went to go pick it up and they couldn’t. At-Tabari went to go pick it up and he brought it back on the boat. When they asked him how he could do that At-Tabari replied, “These are limbs that we protected from disobeying Allah when we were young so Allah protected them for us when we were older.” There’s something about the physical strength of a believer!
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Allah will protect a righteous person, his children, his grandchildren and the communities he lives in and the communities around where he lives in. Allah said to the Prophet that He would not punish the people as long as he was around them.
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Whoever is aware of Allah internally in his heart, then Allah will protect him in his limbs.
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Saeed ibn Musayr (a famous Tabi3ee scholar) – He said to his son, “I lengthen my prayer for your sake.” This doesn’t mean he’s praying out of Riyaa’, but rather that when he is righteous Allah and serving Allah, Allah will take care of him and his needs.
Some aspects of guarding Allah are: 1. Guarding the prayer times, humility in prayer. {2:238} a. Praying on Time is Ordained in the Quran
?W(AGHkl NG 8 < A [ \Eִ_ YS 5I A YAGHkl ( !v"$ 9 E ֠ Q < A8 A>֠( 238. guard strictly your (habit of) prayers, especially the Middle prayer; and stand before Allah In a devout (frame of mind). [Al-Baqarah 2:238]
b. Include Hadith – Praying on Time is one of the most beloved deeds to Allah. 2. Purity - in body, word and deed [Sahih – Ahmad] a. Insert Hadith - Nobody will guard their wudu except a mu’min. This is one of the attributes of a believer, he always tries to keep his wudu. 66
b. Every time you make wudu, you erase sins from your body. 3. Your oaths â&#x20AC;&#x201C; keeping promises {5:89} 4. Your private parts â&#x20AC;&#x201C; from all aspects of Zina {24:30} 5. Your tongue â&#x20AC;&#x201C; from all prohibited & useless talk (Agreed) a. Insert Hadith - Whoever will guarantee whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s between his two legs and between his two lips, I will guarantee for them jannah. b. Insert Hadith - â&#x20AC;&#x153;What will throw people in the hellfire on their faces except what they say?â&#x20AC;?
MORE BENEFICIAL LESSONS: â&#x20AC;˘
When Allah is with you (in front of you), He will support, protect, guide, strengthen & help you:
zď&#x192;? Â&#x160;&#O < Q L TU y Ö Â&#x;Â (S J( ^Ö´â&#x2DC;şď&#x192;łI J Q Ö´â&#x2DC;ş[Â&#x2020;Ö´> !ď&#x192;? $ â&#x20AC;&#x153;He said: Fear not. For I am with you both, Hearing and Seeing (everything).â&#x20AC;? [Ta Ha 20:46]
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Also, Musa when he said,
N#GÂ&#x192;(S z{ď&#x192;Ť : #O < 0 y Ö ! v$ $ d ') ( Ö´I (Moses) said: "Nay, Verily! with Me is My Lord, He will Guide me." [Ash-Shuaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;raa 26:62]
This ayah is a reference to when firâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;oun was chasing the Jewsafter giving them so many miracles Imagine horses are coming after you ferociously and dust is kicked up and you reach a dead end. So many had weak faith, but Musa said Kalla! He knew that Allah is with him. â&#x20AC;˘ o o o
It is a must for a Muslim to ask from Allah and to depend upon Him and no other. Whoever has Allah on his side, will never be defeated! Allah is the guide that will never lead you astray! Allah is the one who will never be asleep!
â&#x20AC;˘ Asking Allah o â&#x20AC;Ťâ&#x20AC;&#x153; â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Ů&#x2C6;ا ا اâ&#x20AC;ŹAnd ask Allah from His bountyâ&#x20AC;? {4:32} o â&#x20AC;&#x153;Allah becomes angry if you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t ask from Himâ&#x20AC;? (Sahih - Tirmidhi) â&#x20AC;˘
It is permissible to seek the help of a created being in that which they are capable of doing due to the hadith.
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Also shows the importance of belief in Qadr and that all things are written as a result of Allahâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perfect knowledge.
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We benefit by knowing that everything is decreed and yet Allah is merciful and He does not decree absolute evil
N# w Â&#x2020;-ClÂ&#x2122; 2 c J Q ÂŁU#O )?;DC4[\& J FN# TU( !¢)S96 J $=)Â&#x2020; Ö / Â&#x2013;HE VCÂ&#x; N# NGď&#x20AC;ż 8 s¤ W ÂĽ : #O Y Q Ö´n J( ) Â&#x160;& !vv$ ď&#x192;&#x2014; C4 § XQ 22. â&#x20AC;&#x153;No misfortune can happen on earth or In your souls but is recorded In a Decree before we bring it into existence: that is truly easy for Allah.â&#x20AC;? [Surah 57:22]
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The hadith also denotes the importance of patience. o 2 Types of Patience: Patience with Difficulties & Patience with Temptations. o Patience is one of the things that bring you to closer to Jannah and protect you from hellfire. Insert Hadith â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Prophet saw that Jannah was surrounded by difficulties and that Hellfire was surrounded by desires. o Insert Hadith - Know that most of the sins of the people come in a few matters, limited patience with things that they love and limited patience with things that they hate.
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And that relief comes after affliction â&#x20AC;&#x201C; an affliction which necessitates patience: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Till, when the messengers despaired and thought they were denied, then came unto them Our help, and whom We willed was saved.â&#x20AC;? {12:110}
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Ease comes with hardship:
!#$ ď&#x201A;ˇ Kď&#x192;§Â§ # K8> Ö´^ : #¨ ! $ Kď&#x192;§Â§ # K8> Ö´^ : #O 5. So Verily, with each difficulty comes ease (2x ease). 6. Verily, with every difficulty comes ease (2x ease). [Surah 94: 5-6]
Why are we afflicted with difficulties and hardships? 1. Allah will forgive your sins. 2. Allah will raise you up. o Sometimes a person can be very good and can be lacking in good deeds and Allah will send upon him difficulties to elevate that person. 3. If you are suffering or if you go through a difficulty, know that you probably did something! o If you commit a sin, expect punishment. Maybe Allah will forgive you, but donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think that He wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t send upon you a difficulty to expiate your sin.
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Comment: Some in the past were concerned that their reward was in this world and not the next. They would be fearful that Allah wouldn’t reward them in the next world because of some deficiency they might have had while doing their deeds. Hence, the good they have is a reward from Allah in this world.
4. As a source of softening up someone’s heart. 5. Leads to the realization that you cannot rely only on yourself or on others. Side Note: Some say that Fir’oun never even got a headache.
Hadith Twenty
Narrated Abu Masood Uqbah ibnu Amru Al-Ansari that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "Among the things that have reached the people from the words of the previous prophets was: 'If you feel no shame, then do as you wish.'" [Bukhari]
NARRATOR: ABU MAS’OOD AL-BADRI •
He narrated ~ 100 ahadith. Died in 41 AH.
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One of the 70 Companions to participate in the second oath of allegiance to the Prophet (saws) at Aqabah.
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Called al-Badri only due to the fact that he lived near a well named Badr, and not because he participated in the battle of Badr.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS
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The essential meaning of the hadith as stated by Ibnul-Qayyim is that of a statement of fact by the Prophet (saws); People that do whatever they want/wish have modesty or shame.
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The revelations all agree upon the importance of doing good o Look at the Bible, etc. The concept of Repentance & doing good is very important.
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Encouragement to act upon the way of the Prophets
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Encouragement to have modesty, for it is good all of it o Insert Hadith – Modesty is a branch of faith. o Insert Hadith (agreed upon) – Someone was criticizing someone for being too modest and the Prophet said leave him alone for modesty is from faith. o Insert Hadith - Indeed Allah, glorified is He, loves those who are shy and cover so when you shower cover yourself. o Insert Hadith (Sahih ibn Majah- Sahih by Albaani) – every religion has its character and indeed the character of Islam is Modesty. Narrated by Abdullah ibn Abbas.
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Matters where modesty is not praiseworthy – seeking knowledge, following the Sunnah, speaking the truth and commanding good/forbidding evil
Some sayings of the righteous on modesty: Al-Fudayl: He said 5 things are associated with difficulty in life (or mischiefness / astray). 1. The hard heart – it’s not impacted by reminders. 2. The eyes don’t cry. 3. Limited or Small amounts of Modesty. 4. To Desire the Material world. 5. To have lengthy hopes and desires in your life (indicative of forgetting the hereafter). Sulayman: If Allah wants halak for a person, He takes the modesty out of him.
Hadith Twenty-One 70
On the authority of Abu 'Amr, also called Abu 'Amrah, Sufyan bin 'Abdullah who said: â&#x20AC;&#x153;I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, tell me something about Islam which I could not ask anyone about save you.' He answered: 'Say: 'I believe in Allah', and then stand firm and steadfast'." (Muslim)
NARRATOR: SUFYAN IBN ABDULLAH (also called Abu Amr): â&#x20AC;˘
Companion from the city of Taif. Narrated 5 hadith, 1 of them narrated by Muslim.
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Used by Umar ibnul Khattab in gathering the zakaat.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: â&#x20AC;˘
The first requirement upon a person is to have Imaan.
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Istiqaamah â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to affirm yourself upon the law of Allah in the manner He commanded after having cultivated true sincerity and purity towards Allah (ibn Uthaymeen) o In Regular English it means to have Taqwa after you have Ikhlaas.
The merits of Istiqaamah: 1. The Angels descend upon them to comfort them
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30. Verily, those who say, "Our Lord is Allah and further stand straight and steadfast, the angels descend on them (from time to time): "Fear ye not!" (They suggest), "Nor grieve! but receive the glad tidings of the Garden (of bliss), the which ye were promised! [Fussilat 41:30]
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2. A cause for increase in provision {72:16} 3. Allah commanded His Prophet with it {11:112} 4. True Istiqaamah begins in the heart and that can only happen when it occurs on the tongue. Insert Hadith - La yastaqeemou imana abden hata yastaqeema qalbu wa la yastaqeema qalboohoo hata yastaqeema lisaanou. The Iman of a person will not be established until their heart is established and their heart will not be established until their tongue is established. [Sahih Ahmad]
Hadith Twenty-Two
Abu ‘Abdullah Jabir bin ‘Abdullah al-Ansari reported that a man asked the Messenger of Allah (saws): “If I pray the prescribed (prayers), fast Ramadan, treat the lawful as permissible and treat the forbidden as prohibited, but do nothing more than that, shall I enter Paradise?” He (saws) answered: “Yes.” (Muslim)
Imam an-Nawawi adds to his text, that to treat the lawful as permissible means that you know what’s permissible and you act upon it. 72
NARRATOR: JABIR IBN ABDULLAH: •
One of the Ansaar of Madinah from the tribe of al-Khazraj. Witnessed the second oath of allegiance at Aqabah. Father died as shaheed in Uhud.
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Narrated 1540 ahadeeth, a large number of them in the two Sahihs. Was also a chief source of knowledge due to his long life and his travels into Greater Syria.
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Became blind at the end of his life. Died in Madinah in 93 or 98 AH, some sources saying he was the last of the Companions to die there. Abaan ibn Uthmaan ibn Affan led his funeral prayer.
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Demonstrates the great concern the early generations had for seeking out the path to goodness and to Jannah. Note: The Sahabah didn’t ask what was required (Fard) or what was Mustahhab or Sunnah. If it was good, they simply followed it and acted upon it.
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Lesson of this hadith is that whoever performs what is obligated and avoids the prohibitions will enter Jannah and there are a great many hadith to this effect.
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Whoever limits himself to the obligations and leaves off the recommended deeds is not to be criticized (Sunnan?)
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The importance of obligatory deeds over voluntary o
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This hadith really highlights the importance of the required actions over the extra voluntary actions. You won’t be punished.
Why were Zakah and Hajj not mentioned? o Very simply, they weren’t revealed yet.
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Hadith Twenty-Three
On the authority of Abu Malik al-Harith bin 'Asim al-Ash'ari who said: The Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "Purification is half of iman (faith). Saying 'Al-Hamdulillah' (Praise belongs to Allah) fills the scales. Saying 'Subhanallah wa al-Hamdulillah' (Exhalted be Allah above all they associate with Him and Praise belongs to Allah) fills the space between the heavens and the earth. Prayer is a light. Sadaqah (charity) is a proof. Sabr (patience) is radiance. The Qur'an is an argument either for you or against you. Everybody goes out in the morning and sells themselves, either setting themselves free or destroying themselves." [Muslim]
NARRATOR: AL-HARITH IBN ‘ASIM AL-ASH’ARI •
Companion who came from Yemen.
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He later moved to Egypt and then on to Greater Syria where he met his demise as a result of the plague in 18 AH.
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It has been narrated that he, Mu’aath and Abu Ubaidah all died on the same day from plague / pestilence. He narrated 27 ahadeeth.
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BENEFICIAL LESSONS: •
The Hadith shows us and denotes the honor & greatness of wudu. Half of Imaan o How can wudu be half of Imaan? o Wudu is required for Salah. Allah also calls as-salah Iman. Some ahadeeth on the blessing in wudu’ o
Also, only a believer will maintain their wudu (see hadith above)
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Insert Hadith - Whoever makes his wudu and perfects it, then his sins will come out of his body to the extent that they will even come out of his fingernails.
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Insert Hadith - When the Muslim or the Mu’min (believer) makes wudu, when they wash their face, ever sin they’ve committed with their face, their eyes, their mouth will be forgiven until the last drop of water will come out. When he washes his hands… when he washes his feet… until he leaves the wudu and he has no more sins. [Muslim]
o
Insert Hadith – Whoever perfects their wudu and then goes after that and prays 2 rak’ahs in which is heart and his face are directed towards Allah, Jannah becomes obligatory on that person.
Some of the Adhkar for Wudu: Insert Adhkar •
The hadith denotes and shows us the greatness of al-Hamdulillah. Why? It fills the scales! Difference of opinion on the meaning of filling the scales: 1) Metaphorical 2) Literal – Allah will give it weight
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The honor of the two phrases– subhanAllah (how perfect is Allah from all they attribute to Him) & Al-Hamdulillah.
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Some ahadeeth on the greatness of these two phrases. o A phrase or two words that are easy on the tongue, Allah loves them, and on the Day of Judgment they will be heavy on the scales! It is… SubhanAllahi wa bihamdihi wa SubhanAllah el-Atheem o Insert Hadith – During Israa’ Muhammad saw Ibrahim and he said tell my people Assalamu Alaikum for me and tell them that Jannah (even the earth of Jannah) is pure and beautiful and great and that the drink is sweet and good; and that the trees in it are planted by saying SubhanAllah wal Hamdulillah wa Laillaha illaLah w’Allahu Akbar.
Note on Thikr: With thikr, your heart must be attached to it. It requires Hudoor Al Qalb – the awareness of your heart and that your heart is feeling the remembrance you’re making.
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The hadith notes the honor of prayer and that it is light. o The Prophet (saws) said, “Wassalaatu Nur.” The salah will help you distinguish between right and wrong in the world in front of you. o
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The prayer is a light in this world (criterion) & the next. o You see something in the righteous people. They have this amazing clarity. o
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Wa aqeem-es-salata fa inna salata tanha 3anel fa7sha2a wal-munkar – Surah Al-Ankaboot
Surah Hadeed – the Kuffar will want the light of the believers.
Importance of Guarding Asr o Insert Ayah - Baqarah – Hafithou 3ala salwaatee wusta wa qoomoo lillahi qaneeteen. o
Insert Hadith - Whoever lost Asr, it is as if he lost his family and his wealth.
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Insert Hadith - Whoever left salat ul-Asr, his actions will be zero. (Bukhari & Nasa’ee)
Was-Sadaqatu Burhaan. Sadaqah is an evidence and proof of the Imaan of the one who performs it for wealth is beloved and it is only Imaan that leads one to spend it for the sake of Allah. o
Insert Hadith - Money will never go down because of Saqadah.
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Insert Hadith - The Prophet (saws) he goes and he shows up in Madinah. The people of Madinah have become Muslim and they’re waiting to see him. Hence, the first words that come out fo his mouth are going to be remembered forever and they’re very important. He says, “Ya ayyouha-nnaass, at3emou-ta3am wa abshirou salam (spread peace), wa sallou qiyam wa tadkhouloul jannah fi salam.” Summarized, this hadith is really husnul khuluq, Good Manners.
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It protects from Hellfire (1/2 date, give gold women in Hell)
As sadaqah is praised, stinginess is condemned.
Rush to give sadaqah for it has 10 virtues… These are not just virtues of Saqadah, but also 10 intentions that you can make which will be good for you: 1. It purifies your wealth (it takes the bad out of your wealth so that there’s more blessing in your wealth) 2. It purifies your body 3. Protects you and your family from disease and cures it a. Insert Hadith - The Prophet said, Treat your sick with Saqadah. 4. It brings happiness to the needy a. Insert Hadith -The Prophet said, The most beloved of acts for Allah are to bring happiness to your Muslim brother or sister. 5. It brings blessings and increase in your provision. 76
a. If you pay it, Allah will give you more or protect you from some harm. 6. It will be a Shade for you on the Day of Judgment 7. It will relieve you of your sins 8. It’s very heavy for you on the scales 9. It will help you cross the sirat over hellfire. a. One of the things that will determine the speed at which you cross is your sadaqah. 10. It will raise your degree in Jannah
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Ibn Rajab discusses that patience which is radiance:
، ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﳎﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ، ” ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﺷﺎﻗﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻓﻼ ﳒﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻓﻼﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ، ﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﻴﺎﺀ، ﻮﺍﻩ ﻭﺣﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ Was-Sabru Diyaa2... Patience is Radiance. Diya’ – is light with heat. The description of sun in Qur’an, light with heat = difficulty. The meaning behind this is that that patience is not something that is easy. It’s difficult! Quran • •
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Not to use the Quran as merchandise A warning from neglecting the Qu’ran. o Insert Hadith - The Quran can be used for you or against you. o Insert Hadith - The Prophet said, most of the munafiqoon of my Ummah are the reciters of Quran. “Aktharou Munafiqoona Ummatee Qurra2uha.” Hadithun Sahih. Whoever obeys Allah has sold himself to Allah and released himself from His punishment; and whoever disobeys Him has destroyed himself and weighed himself down with sins that earn him punishment.
Important Piece of Advice Do not recite all of the Quran you know for the people. Leave some of it secret and purely for Allah. Only recite it if you’re an Imam, leading taraweeh, or if you’re teaching it.
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Hadith Twenty-Four
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It was relayed on the authority of Abu Dhar al-Ghifari that the Prophet (saws) said, among the statements he related from his Lord, Magnified and Exalted be He, Who said: "O My servants, I have made oppression unlawful for Me and unlawful for you, so do not commit oppression against one another. O My servants, all of you are liable to err except those whom I guide on the right path, therefore seek guidance from Me so that I should direct you to the right path. O My servants, all of you are hungry except for those whom I feed, therefore seek food from Me so that I may feed you. O My servants, all of you are naked except for those for whom I provide garments, therefore seek clothing from Me so that I should clothe you. O My servants, you sin by night and by day and I am there to pardon your sins, therefore seek forgiveness from Me so that I should forgive your sins. O My servants, you can neither do Me any harm nor can you do Me any good … O My servants, even if the first amongst you and the last amongst you, and the whole human race of yours and that of the Jinn become as pious as the most pious heart of any one amongst you, it will not add anything to My Kingdom. O My servants, even if the first amongst you and the last amongst you, and the whole human race of yours and that of the Jinn become as wicked as the most wicked heart of anyone amongst you, it will not decrease anything from My Kingdom. O My servants, even if the first amongst you and the last amongst you, and the whole human race of yours and that of the Jinn gather together on a plain of land and all ask of Me, and if I were to give everyone of them what they asked, that will not in any way decrease what I have any more than a needle decreases what is in the ocean when it is put into it. O My servants, it is but your deeds that I reckon for you and then recompense you for, so let him who finds good praise Allah, and let him who finds other than that blame no one but himself." [Muslim]
Narrator: Abu Dharr al-Ghifaree • • •
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One of the earliest converts (5th?), came from a tribe known for highway robbery but he returned to the Prophet (saws) later with half of his tribe having accepted Islam. Story of his conversion & beating, twice. Well respected among the other Companions for his simplicity of living and his knowledge. He was known to criticize the wealthy and was exiled to Rabadha where he died in 32 AH and ibn Mas’ood prayed over him. Narrated ~ 280 ahadeeth.
Beneficial Lessons • •
Difference between hadith Qudsi and Qur’an? The great gentleness and mercy of Allah towards us when He says, “O’ My servants”; also reminder of why we were created – to serve and worship Allah, our Lord.
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Thulm is a much better word than oppression •
Allah’s prohibiting thulm upon Himself even though He has the ability to do it.
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Definition of thulm: Putting a thing in a place where it does not belong!
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Ibn Taimiyyah – everything that Allah has forbidden is a type of thulm, whereas everything that he has ordered is a form of justice (‘adl).
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Narrations on the evil of oppression: o Insert Hadith – Whoever took a span of land without having any legitimate right to it, Allah will make him wear around his neck 7 earths on the Day of Judgment. What about Israel in this case? Yikes!
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The importance of asking Allah for guidance (fatihah) o Allahumma inna nas’aluka al-ghina, wal-huda, wal afafa wat tuqa.
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Why do we ask for guidance if we are already guided? o Guidance can increase o You don’t know when you’re the one with the wool over your own eyes. o There is guidance to the path, but then there is guidance upon the path.
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Mankind is habituated to sin, thus the great importance of seeking forgiveness and its effect.
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The answer of al-Hasan al-Basri to those who asked him on a variety of issues and concerns. He replied to all of their different answers, “make istighfar.”
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Points on Allah’s self-sufficiency A Very Good Point: One must praise Allah if he finds good in his deeds, for it was Allah that made that deed easy for him, guided him to it, aided him to perform it and then He will reward him for it insha’Allah.
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Hadith Twenty-Five
Abu Dharr reported that some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (saws) said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, the rich have taken away all the rewards. They observe the prayer as we do, and they fast as we do, and they give sadaqah (charity) from their wealth." Upon this he (saws) said: "Has not Allah made things for you to give away in charity? Verily in every tasbih (Subhanallah) there is a sadaqah, every takbir (Allahu Akbar) is a sadaqah, every tahmid (Alhamdulillah) is a sadaqah, every tahlil (La ilaaha illallah) is a sadaqah, enjoining of good is a sadaqah, forbidding of evil is a sadaqah, and having intimacy with your wife is a sadaqah. They (the Companions) said: "O Messenger of Allah, is there a reward for him who satisfies his passion among us?" He replied: "Tell me, if he were to devote it to something forbidden,
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would it not be a sin on his part? Hence, if he were to devote it to something lawful, he shall have a reward." [Muslim]
Eventually the rich people learned about the hadith. The Messenger replied that Allah gives to whom he wishes.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: • •
• • •
The great interest of the Sahaba in good deeds and their sadness for what they could not achieve of good deeds. Encouragement to ‘Uluw al-Himah (Higher concerns) o This is an important word to learn. The concerns most of us have is nice cars, nice belongings, etc. The concerns we need in this life are the concerns that help us get to Jannah, how we can have the most impact in this life on others, etc. o Insert Hadith – Allah loves important matters and hates insignificant small matters. Evidence here to support those who say that the wealthy and thankful is better than the poor and patient. The mercy of Allah in making the doors of good many. Performing the halal with the intention of protecting yourself from the haram turns many a mundane act into an act of worship [Nawawi]
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Hadith Twenty-Six
Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said : "On every person's joints or small bones, there is due a sadaqah (charity) every day the sun rises. Doing justice between two people is a sadaqah; assisting a man to mount his animal, or lifting up his belongings onto it is a sadaqah; a good word is a sadaqah; every step you take towards prayer is a sadaqah; and removing harmful things from pathways is a sadaqah." [Bukhari & Muslim]
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: Understanding the true meaning of thankfulness 1. Praying is a form of being thankful Insert Hadith – Aisha asked the Prophet why he’d pray until his feet swelled and he replied, shouldn’t I be a thankful slave? 2. Perform the obligations and avoid the sin. - This is also taqwa, because taqwa is to avoid sin and fulfill obligations. How can this also be thankfulness to Allah? The answer is simply in your intention. You just make your intention to thank Allah as well as obey Allah, etc. 3. Thankfulness is not to use one of the blessings Allah has bestowed upon us to disobey Him.
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What are the small bones? Their significance? o These are the small bones of the hand and the feet. The ones in the fingers, the wrist and foot, etc. o The concept is also the blessings in our hands and our feet. The dexterity in them is amazing and we’re thanking Allah for these features which distinguish us as human beings. o Insert Ayah Surah Mulk: Say it is he who gave you being and your eyes and your ears and your hearts but you are not very thankful. • o o
•
The greatness of establishing peace between two people o Insert Hadith – “Should I not tell you about that which is better in status than praying, fasting and sadaqah. He said, Establishing peace between two people.” - The opposite of this is Nameemah! Hence, this is one of the worst sins. o Anas ibn Malik said, “Whoever brings peace between two people, Allah will give him as a reward for that action for every word that he speaks, the reward of freeing a slave.” o Abu Umamah said, “I would walk a mile to visit a sick person, I would walk two miles to (help a brother?), and I would walk 3 miles to bring peace between my brothers.” o A lot of the scholars used to say that whoever wants to have the status of the worshippers (3abideen, someone really known for his worship – i.e. someone who makes an extra 100 rak’ahs of prayer), all you need to do is join between 2 people and don’t create between them hate or division.
• • • o
o
•
The excellence of being equitable and just Insert Ayah - Wa Aqseetou innaLaha eu7ebboul Muqseeteen Insert Hadith from Muslim – Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Al Aas “Indeed the people who are just and fair, Allah will put them on pulpits of light on the day of judgment. They are they people who used to be fair in their judgments against their families and everything that was under their control.”
The import and reward of helping a fellow Muslim The value of good speech The importance and reward of walking to the masajid Insert Hadith – The Prophet said, “Should I not tell you about those deeds that Allah will erase by them your sins and raise up your status. To perfect your wudu in difficult circumstances (i.e. cold weather, public restrooms, traveling, when you’re angry, hot weather), many steps to the masaajid, waiting for one salah after the other.” Insert Hadith (Nasa’ee)- Whoever takes a step to the masjid, one step gives you a good deed and the next step removes a sin until you go back.
The importance of removing something harmful from the road and the great rewards associated with it o Insert Hadith – Iman is 60 or 70 branches. The lowest part is to remove something from the road. All you have to do is kick something to the side if you see it could cause someone harm. 84
Insert Hadith - Sahih Muslim – Indeed I saw a man enjoying himself in Jannah only because of a tree that had fallen in the way of the people and he cut it and he removed it. o Note: Which of your actions contributes to you seeing something on the road? Lowering the gaze! These past 2 ahadith demonstrate the great Mercy of Allah in providing us with multiple and various ways of doing good such that each person can do what suits their talents best. o
•
THE DUHA PRAYER ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹲﺔ ﺻ ﺔ ﻴ ﹶﻠﻬﻠ ﺗ ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹲﺔ ﺻ ﺓ ﺪ ﻴﺤﻤ ﺗ ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹲﺔ ﺻ ﺔ ﺤ ﺴﺒﹺﻴ ﺗ ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﱡﻞ ﺻ ﻢ ﺪ ﹸﻛ ﺣ ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﻣ ﻰﺳﻠﹶﺎﻣ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺢ ﺼﹺﺒ ﻳ ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻢ ﹶﺃﻧ ﺳﻠﱠ ﻭ ﻪ ﻴ ﻋ ﹶﻠ ﻪ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹺﺒﻲﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻋ ﻰﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﻀ ﻣ ﺎﻬﻤ ﻌ ﺮ ﹶﻛ ﻳ ﻥ ﺎﻌﺘ ﺭ ﹾﻛ ﻚ ﻟﻦ ﹶﺫ ﻣ ﺉ ﺠ ﹺﺰ ﻳﻭ ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹲﺔ ﺻ ﻨ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ﻤ ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﻋ ﻲ ﻬ ﻧﻭ ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹲﺔ ﺻ ﻑ ﻭﻌﺮ ﻤ ﺮ ﺑﹺﺎﹾﻟ ﻣ ﻭﹶﺃ ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹲﺔ ﺻ ﺓ ﲑ ﺗ ﹾﻜﹺﺒ ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ Narrated Abu Dharr: The Prophet (saws) said, “Every morning there is upon the bones and joints of any of you a charitable act. Every tasbeehah is a charity, every tahmeedah is a charity, every tahleelah is a charity and every takbeerah is a charity. Ordering good is a charity, removing evil is a charity. To fulfill that charity it is sufficient to pray two rak’ahs of duha.” [Muslim] • •
Duha is also known as Ishraaq and Salatul Awabeeen. Duha prayer starts 10-15 minutes after sunrise and it goes up until about 10-15 minutes before the Zenith/True Noon.
•
In the two rakahs of Duha, all of the bodily parts are used (including the tongue) to suffice the charities. The prayer of gratitude, the prayer of the penitent
•
• • •
Insert Hadith - The least of it is 2 rak’ah and the most of it is 8 rak’ahs. The middle path is 6 or 4 rak’ahs and the encouragement. Insert Hadith - Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger used to encourage him to make it. Insert Hadith - No one safeguards Salatul-Duha except the repentant ones.
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Hadith Twenty-Seven
Al-Nawwas ibnu Sam'aan reported that the Prophet (saws) said: "Righteousness is good character, and sin is that which wavers in your heart and which you dislike people finding out about." [Muslim] According to Waabisah ibnu Ma'bad who said: I came to the Messenger of Allah (saws) and he said: "You have come to ask about righteousness?" "Yes," I answered. He said: "Consult your heart. Righteousness is that about which the soul feels tranquil and the heart feels tranquil, and sin is what creates restlessness in the soul and moves to and fro in the breast, even though people give you their (fatwa) legal opinion (in your favor) and continue to do so." 86
[A good hadith transmitted from the Musnads of the two Imams, Ahmad bin Hanbal and Al-Darimi]
NARRATOR: AN-NAWWAS IBNU SAM’AAN •
•
One of the Companions of ahl as-Suffah (poor Muslims who lived in the back of the Masjid); lived one year in Madinah away from his family who were in Syria, to learn from the Prophet (saws) by listening to the questions asked to him and his answers to them. Narrated 17 hadith. Waabisa was among the Companions who came to the Prophet th (saws) in the 9 year of Hijrah and accepted Islam. Died in Greater Syria as well.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: •
Another encouragement to good manners and that it is one of the essentials of righteousness.
•
Among the signs indicative of a sin: 1. Restlessness in the Heart. 2. You don’t want people to find out.
* Note: This does require a pure heart, because the diseased heart finds comfort in disobeying Allah. He who has a good heart will feel wavering upon sin.
• •
There should be no wavering if good and proper evidence is provided from a trusted scholar; this is not praiseworthy.
•
The miracle of the Prophet knowing Wabisa’s question
•
Do you want Taqwa or do you want Fatwa? i.e. don’t go fatwa hunting!
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Hadith Twenty-Eight
It was narrated on the authority of Abu Najih al-Irbad bin Sariyah who said: The Messenger of Allah (saws) delivered an admonition that made our hearts fearful and our eyes tearful. We said, "O Messenger of Allah, it is as if this were a farewell sermon, so advise us." He said, "I enjoin you to have Taqwa of Allah and that you listen and obey, even if a slave is made a ruler over you. He among you who lives long enough will see great controversy. So you must keep to my Sunnah and to the Sunnah of the righteous rightly-guided successors, holding on to them as if with your molar teeth. Beware of newly-introduced matters, for every innovation (bid'ah) is an error." [Abu Dawud & Al-Tirmidhi, who say itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a good authentic hadith] 88
NARRATOR: AL-‘IRBAD IBN SAARIYAH •
Another member of ahl as-Suffah, and an early convert to Islam who used to say that he was the 4th man to accept Islam. Died in Hems, Greater Syria in 75 AH.
•
Was among those who were mentioned in the ayah: [9:92] “Nor (is there blame) on those who came to thee to be provided with mounts, and when thou said, "I can find no mounts for you," they turned back, their eyes streaming with tears of grief that they had no resources wherewith to provide the expenses.”
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: •
From among the characteristics of the believers upon hearing admonition is fear and weeping from sins. o Immediately we know that the people asking a healthy heart because It was affected by an admonition, hence the fear and weeping.
• o
What is the meaning of Maw3eethah (admonition)? It’s a reminder that is associated with fear. It’s designed to have a prominent effect or impact upon you an emotion. This could be with the promise of punishment or reward. Another example, would be hearing about the Prophet leaving us and the wahy stopping which would generally have an emotional effect upon us, i.e. bring us to tears.
A Note from Ibn Mas’ood said:”Look for your heart in 3 places…” 1. Recitation of the Quran 2. When you’re alone with Allah, i.e. away from everyone 3. When you’re in majaalis ath-thikr, places where you’re remembering Allah. If you don’t find yourself crying in these 3 places, then look for your heart!
The Benefits of Weeping from the Fear of Allah: 1. Source of protection from Hell-fire a. Insert Hadith – The hellfire will never take a person who used to cry or weep from the fear of Allah until the milk goes back into the udder of the cow.
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2. Means of achieving shade on Day of Judgment a. Insert Hadith – Among the 7 people that Allah will shade people is a person who remembered Allah when he was alone so his eyes became overflowed with tears. 3. It is among the characteristics of the Companions. a. It has been authentically narrated that Umar Ibnul Khattab used to have 2 black lines on his face from crying. b. Aisha said about Abu Bakr that his father was a weak man and would cry often in the recitation, so let Umar lead. c. If Uthman stood over a grave, he would cry so much that his beard would become wet. We’re talking about so many tears; it’s probably like filling a sponge. d. Insert Hadith - Ibn Umar – Whenever he would recite the ayah from Surat Hadeed (is it not time for the believers to humble their hearts for Allah), he would cry. Things that Will Help You Cry for the Sake of Allah: 1. Remember the Day of Judgment and learn about what will happen exactly. 2. Remember Death. One day you will no longer be here, think about leaving everything here. 3. Learn to understand the Quran. If there are certain suwar that you memorized, learn the explanations and meanings. It’s not hard and it will make a big difference in your prayer, etc. 4. Recite the Quran with reflection. Try to feel the Quran and the weight of what Allah’s telling us. Reflect and think about it. 5. Abu Bakr said, if you can’t cry… make yourself cry. Try to train your body and then work on your intention. 6. Sulayman ad-darami – Everything has a science and the science of knowing that Allah has neglected you or abandoned you is knowing that you cannot cry anymore.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FOLLOWING RULERS
Red Flag Moment – The companions basically told the Prophet that they feel like he’s going to leave us, so this hadith is essentially the Farewell Advice of the Prophet.
•
•
The obligation of following the ruler unless he commands disobedience to Allah is an obligation supported in the Quran, Sunnah and by consensus. Whoever disobeys the leader dies death of ignorance
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o
Insert Hadith – Muslim – Whoever sees something from his ruler that he hates then he should be patient with that for indeed whoever separates from his community even by a small distance or a little bit and he dies, he dies in ignorance.
o
In Aqeedah At-Tahaweeyah – As regard with the order to follow the ruler, even if they are terrible sinners, the command is to follow them. This is because… 1) Going against them and opposing them creates corruption and evil which is far in excess to that which comes with their sins. 2) Being patient with them erases our sins; 3) It gives us rewards; 4) To remember that Allah gave these people power over us because of our deeds.
•
Importance of following the Sunnah in times of Fitnah
•
Who is meant by the term “Rightly guided Caliphs?” o
Some scholars say these include all the companions. However, what seems to be make more sense and be more correct is that it refers to Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. A note about the evil and misguidance of innovation.
• o
After the Prophet (saws) gives us all of this advice, he returns to the importance of watching out for innovation. Why?
Hadith Twenty-Nine
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On the authority of Muadh ibnu Jabal who said: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, tell me of an act which will take me into Paradise and will keep me away from Hell fire." He said: "You have asked me about a great matter, yet it is easy for him for whom Allah Almighty makes it easy. You should worship Allah, associating nothing with Him, you should perform the prayers, you should pay the zakah, you should fast the month of Ramadan, and you should make the pilgrimage to the House." Then he (saws) said: "Shall I not direct you to the gates of goodness? Fasting is a shield, charity extinguishes sin as water extinguishes fire; and the praying of a man in the depth of night." Then he recited: "Who forsake their beds to cry unto their Lord in fear and hope, and spend of that We have bestowed upon them. No soul knowswhat is kept hidden for them of joy, as a reward for what they used to do". [32:16-17] Then he said: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Shall I not tell you of the peak of the matter, its pillar, and its uppermost part?" I said: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "The peak of the matter is Islam; the pillar is prayer; and its uppermost part is jihad." Then he said: "Shall I not tell you of that which controls all of that?" I said:"Yes, O Messenger of Allah", and he took hold of his tongue and said: "Restrain this." I said: "O Prophet of Allah, will what we say be held against us?" He said: "May your mother be bereaved of you! Is there anything that throws people on their faces - or he said on their noses - into the Hell-fire other than the jests of their tongues?â&#x20AC;? [Tirmidhi, who said it was a fine and sound hadith] 92
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: â&#x20AC;˘ o o
o
Do acts earn one Jannah? (Hadith about mercy) We enter Jannah because Allah overlooks our sins. Insert Hadith - On the Day of Judgment Allah will bring some people close to Him and Ask them what they did, etc. In the end Allah will tell him, I covered them for you in the dunya and I will cover them for you now. Insert Hadith about eyesight.
â&#x20AC;˘
One must ask Allah to make the matter easy for him and to guide him to it (tawfeeq) and strive thereafter o Rubbee Shrahli Sadree wa yasserlee amree wa7lul 3ooqdatan min lisanee.
â&#x20AC;˘
One must strive to learn the various ways of earning reward from Allah (the gates of goodness) o We should strive and struggle (jihad) for guidance. o Insert Ayah - Surah Ankaboot (last part) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; â&#x20AC;&#x153;And those who make jihad for Our sake, then we will guide them to correct path.â&#x20AC;? o Ibnul Qayyim mentioned that guidance and jihad are brought together. Hence, the person who makes the most jihad has the most guidance. The specific jihad mentioned in this is Jihad un-Nafs, Jihad ul-Hawaa (temptation), fighting shaytaan, and fighting the love of the dunya. o (? â&#x20AC;&#x201C; not sure about this part) Ibn Rajab says that Allah talks about Jannah and the actions of Islam. Then Allah tells us about what will open for youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re the gates of Jannah? Fasting is a shield - ( â&#x20AC;Ťďť&#x;ďť ďť¨ďş´ďş&#x17D;ďş&#x2039; ) ďş?ďť&#x;ďşźďť´ďş&#x17D; ďş&#x;ďş&#x201D; ďť&#x203A;ďş ďť¨ďş&#x201D; ďş&#x192;ﺣﺪďť&#x203A;  ďş?ďť&#x;ďť&#x2DC;ďş&#x2DC;ďş&#x17D;ďť?â&#x20AC;Ź
â&#x20AC;˘ o o o
Insert Hadith - There is nothing like it and Allah rewards it unlike other deeds (riyaa is lessened in fasting unlike other deeds) Fasting is something Allah will reward as He wishes. The reward for a normal good deed is 10 to 700; the reward for fasting is beyond that.
The virtues of the night prayer: 1. Allah has praised them in the Qurâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an [32:16]
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16. Their limbs do forsake their beds of sleep, the while they call on their Lord, In fear and hope: and They spend (in charity) out of the sustenance which we have bestowed on them. [Sajdah 32:16] 2. The best prayer after the obligatory in one narration 93
a. Insert Hadith? (bayhaqi?) – The Sunnah prayer at home has the reward similar to the reward of the fard over the Sunnah prayer. b. If they prayed qiyam in the masjid, it’s often because they had small homes. 3. A means of entering Jannah 4. It is the honor and distinction of the believer a. Insert Hadith - Do what you want and Allah will reward you for it, but the believer’s prays at night and his honor is with Allah? 5. They shall have special rooms in Jannah Some statements of the Scholars o Hasan Al-Basri said we don’t know of anything that is better for the Muslim than the night prayer… o Two light Rak’3as made in the middle of the night (or after) have more benefit than the world and everything in it. o Al-Fudayl – Know if you cannot pray in the night and fast in the day then know you are prevented. (What’s preventing you is the number of your sins). o The people of the night prayer, they enjoy that more than the people of temptation enjoy their temptations. The peak of the matter is Islam – in some narrations it states the two
• testimonies (shahadatayn) •
Jihad has great virtues but often misunderstood
Guarding the tongue is the source of all good and being careless with it is a source of great danger 1. Whoever guards it has a guarantee of Jannah 2. Insert Hadith - “A person may speak a word, not realizing what he is saying, and he will fall because of it into the Fire further than the distance between the East and West.” [Bukhari] 3. Insert Hadith - Will people not be thrown in hellfire on their faces… 4. Insert Hadith – A person will speak a word not realizing what he is saying and he will fall into the hellfire further than the east or the west.
It’s important to have wara’ in what you say. Avoid saying something halal, because of fear that it may be haram or be taken in an incorrect way. What you say could guide a person or turn them away completely. Hence, it’s better to avoid talking about things if you’re not sure about their permissibility. Insert Hadith - Some people will say something and they will not know how far that word went. Allah will be pleased with him until the day He meets him. Vice versa.
“Words are like medicine, a small amount is good and a lot will kill you.” - Amr ibnul ‘Aas
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-
Example of Headache and Advil. Take a few Advil and you’re headache will go away, take a whole bottle and you’re probably going to die.
Hadith Thirty
It was narrated on the authority of Abi Tha'labah Al-Khushani Jurthum ibn Nashir that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "Verily Allah the Exalted has prescribed the obligatory deeds, so do not neglect them; He has set certain limits, so do not go beyond them; He has forbidden certain things, so do not partake in them; and He has said nothing about certain things, out of mercy towards you, and not out of forgetfulness, so do not go inquiring into these." [A good (hasan) hadith reported by Al-Daraqutni and others]
This hadith is important to mark. The beginning of this hadith is in itself a definition of taqwa.
NARRATOR: ABU THA’LABA JURTHUM IBN NASHIR •
Companion who accepted Islam on the way to the Campaign of Khaibar. Was among the Companions who shunned the fitnah that occurred between the Companions at the end of Uthmaan’s life. It is narrated that he died in sajdah during qiyaam al-layl while living in Greater Syria in 75 AH.
•
Narrated 40 ahadith.
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BENEFICIAL LESSONS: •
Hadith is actually weak, will not be discussed in detail o
•
At Nawawi’s time it was considered Hasan, but later discovered to be weak.
The matter where Allah does not speak about an issue and the dislike of the Prophet (saws) for excessive questioning for fear that it might lead to further orders
Hadith Thirty-One
On the authority of Abu al-'Abbas Sahl bin Sa'd al-Sa'idi who said: A man came to the Prophet (saws) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, direct me to an act which if I do it, Allah will love me and the people will love me." He (saws) answered: "Be indifferent to the material world and Allah will love you; be indifferent to what people possess and they will love you." [A fine hadith related by Ibn Majah and others with good chains of authorities] Note: This is a weak hadith and will not be discussed in much detail.
NARRATOR: SAHL IBN SA’D •
A Companion from among the Ansaar from the tribe of al-Khazraj. Was originally named Hazn (grief) and the Prophet (saws) changed his name to Sahl (ease). He
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was 15 yrs old at the death of the Prophet (saws). He was nearly 100 years old when he died in 91 AH, among the last of the Companions to die in Madinah. He narrated 188 ahadith.
•
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: Zuhd – Asceticism; Definition: an act of the heart as mentioned by Sulaimaan ad-Daaraani, has two aspects: 1. Realization that all provision comes from Allah 2. That losses in this world do not much affect such a person because their true goal is the Hereafter
•
Zuhd is neglecting everything that will not help you in the hereafter.
•
Wahb ibn al-Warad – “Zuhd in this world is where one does not despair because of what he missed in this world nor does he rejoice because of what he is given of it.”
•
Non-Islamic Zuhd is forbidding upon oneself the lawful, choosing life of poverty and refusal to work.
“If you love the dunya and it makes you happy, then your love for the hereafter will exit your heart.” - Al Hasan (Al-Basri?) -
Why would he say this? This is because the akhira is the furthest thing from your mind.
Story about Shaykh AbdulQader Al-Jilani Shaykh AbdulQader Al-Jilani said he was walking one night and this magnificent throne appeared in the sky and it was full of light. Then he was told that the reached such a high level that salah is no longer required upon you. AbdulQader Al-Jilani spit at it. Shaytaan appeared then he said, “Ya AbdelQader, you were the only one who was able to pass this test. Many before you have been fooled.” Then he spit at shaytaan. He did this because he said I was not good. It is by the mercy of Allah that I have goodness.
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Hadith Thirty-Two
It was related on the authority of Abu Sa'eed Sa'd bin Malik bin Sinan al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "There should be neither harming nor returning harm."
Note Regarding the Hadith’s Isnaad An excellent hadith which Ibn Majah, Al-Daraqutni and others related as of sound isnad, but which Malik related in his Muwatta' as of broken isnad, from 'Amr bin Yahya, from his father, from the Prophet (saws) but dropping (the name of) Abu Sa‘eed. This hadith has lines of transmission which strengthen one another (so that it may be regarded as of sound isnad).)
NARRATOR: ABU SA’EED AL-KHUDRI •
A Companion from among the Ansaar from the tribe of al-Khazraj.
•
Accepted Islam as a young boy (age 11) with his father.
•
•
Was one of the most knowledgeable of the Companions and became one of the major teachers of Hadith to the Tabi’een. He died in Madinah in 64 AH.
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He narrated 1170 ahadith with over one hundred being found in the
â&#x20AC;˘ two Sahihs.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: From the text there is no harm also in religion as Allah has said:
â&#x20AC;˘
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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Allah does not want to place a burden (difficulty) on youâ&#x20AC;? [Surah Al-Maaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;idah 5:6]
â&#x20AC;˘ o
The hadith doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t specify, thus all harm is condemned For example, was smoking in the 1960â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s considered something harmful? No, it wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t harmful. People used to smoke and they had no problems with it. Only now do people realize that it was harmful and that it harms not just themselves, but others around them.
â&#x20AC;˘
From the objectives of Islam is the prevention of harm before it happens and its removal after it occurs
â&#x20AC;˘
It is an encouragement for the believer to respect others and to be concerned about their welfare It is a general principle in Islam that anything that leads to harm will
â&#x20AC;˘ in of itself be forbidden
Hadith Thirty-Three
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On the authority of Ibn Abbas, who said that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "Were people to be given in accordance with their claim, men would claim the fortunes and lives of [other] people, but the burden of proof is on the claimant, and the taking of an oath is incumbent upon him who denies." [Hadith Hasan related by Al-Baihaqi and others]
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: This hadith refers to the judicial process. •
From among the requirements of witnesses, and their proof, are: puberty, sanity, ability to speak, Islam and righteousness.
•
The seriousness of swearing a false oath: o “He who misappropriates the right of a Muslim by taking a false oath, Allah will condemn him to the fire of Hell and will forbid Jannah for him.'' A person asked: "O Messenger of Allah, even if it is something insignificant?'' He replied, "Yes, even if it is the twig of the Arak tree.” [Muslim]
•
Among the objectives of the Shari’ah is the protection of life and property. This is something that we should understand. These are not just American objectives, but Islamic objectives.
•
That people’s love for money is severe and leads to sin. o The love of this world will even cause people to swear a false oath over nothing.
The Different Types of Witnesses. General Rule: Two female witnesses in comparison to 1 male witness. •
The Case of Zina o With regards to Zina, it requires 4 men. A woman’s testimony is not allowed. o These four must testify to actually seeing the penetration. This makes it very difficult to prove. When you can prove zina, it shows that the act was completely brazen and shameless by the perpetrators.
•
The case of theft, divorce, marriage, and other laws pertaining to hudud (except zina), etc. o These scenarios require 2 males (men).
•
With regards to financial transactions, Islam provides the right of testimony to a woman in financial transactions. (1 man or 2 woman). o Christianity and Judaism do not allow women to testify per their scriptures. Dr. Ali researched this very well. Islam is the first time women had a role to play in any type of
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transactions. Later on, Christianity added these things but they were not revealed by God as allowed. •
With regards to Breastfeeding, Virginity and Birth o In this case one woman’s testimony is enough and a man’s testimony is worthless and not accepted. In no case is a man’s testimony here acceptable.
Hadith Thirty-Four
On the authority of Abu Saeed Al-Khudri, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (saws) say: "Whosoever of you sees an evil action, let him change it with his hand; and if he is not able to do so, then with his tongue; and if he is not able to do so, then with his heart; and that is the weakest of faith.” [Muslim]
Commanding Good and Forbidding Evil •
What is the ruling on this deed? It is fard Kifayah in general, but fard 3ayn upon those who have specific knowledge that others may not have.
•
Note that anything with a big reward for doing it also denotes a big punishment for not doing it.
Notes on Commanding the Good and Forbidding the Evil: •
Ibnul Qayyim said there are two prerequisites that are needed for giving a fatwa. 1. He must understand the science at hand (i.e. medicine, etc.) 2. He needs to understand the religious ramifications.
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Notice, he specifically mentioned the science at hand first. One man in the past actually said that phones were haram because jinn must be involved.
Story from Surah Al-Aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;raaf There was a group of Jewish people by the sea and the whole week Allah commanded them to go to the bottom of the sea and on their Sabbath, they would be swimming at the top and practically be jumping out of the sea. -
One group said that they will set the nets the day before the Sabbath and pick them up after. A second group said you guys are kuffar and that this is wrong and youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re not Jewish. The third group has nothing to do with the whole situation, but they will advise their brothers.
Allah destroyed the wrong doers and those who stayed silent.
Insert Hadith â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Help your brother if heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s oppressed or oppressiveâ&#x20AC;Ś
Merits of this Excellent Act: 1. The ultimate objective of the Messengers. {16:36}
w : Â&#x2019;J $²=[Â&#x; N# ( ~Ö´> . ' O ( @Q < 'ď&#x192;§Â&#x2020; 8 Âłt J EUA I`S < c?A;ď&#x192;łE@5 < Aď&#x192;§w ´ V ( ? h ( iQ Ö´'Ö´n : ? h â&#x2DC;ş Y ; EGHÂŁÂ&#x152; _ PGH 8 ,oOÖ´_ dÂ&#x2014;: !¢)S96 N# < ď&#x192;§ C4 stÖ ďŁł Ö´ P < 8 Â&#x153;[& !" $ sÂ? #.{ÂľP D â&#x2DC;ş > w{OE 8 36. for we Assuredly sent amongst every people an apostle, (with the Command), â&#x20AC;&#x153;Serve Allah, and eschew Evil:â&#x20AC;? of the people were some whom Allah guided, and some on whom Error became inevitably (established). so travel through the earth, and see what was the end of those who denied (the truth).
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
From the attributes of the believers. {9:71} An attribute of the best people of this Ummah. {3:110} From the attributes of our Messenger (saws). {7:157} From the causes of victory. {22:40-41} From the sources of salvation. {7:165}
Neglecting this Excellent Act â&#x20AC;˘
Neglecting it is a trait of the hypocrites {9:67}, brings about punishment in dunya, duâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;a will not be answered, and brings about Allahâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s curse on such people {5:78-79}. 102
o
Insert Hadith – The people see an oppressive person (oppressor) and they do not do anything to stop him, then I fear Allah will encompass all of them in the punishment. [Abu Dawood]
o
Insert Hadith - You will command good and you will forbid evil and if you don’t do it then Allah will put people in power over you those who will oppress you (a punishment from Him, Allah) and then you will make dua to him and He will not answer you. -
In another version… “and they will not have mercy upon your young.”
o
Hudhayfah was asked about the walking dead. Who are these people and what are their characteristics? He replied, the one who sees an evil he doesn’t oppose it with his hand, his tongue or his heart.
o
Sufyan ath-Thawri, he said… Sometimes I see something evil and I don’t do anything about it. As a result, I find myself urinating blood. - Why would Sufyan have this problem but not us? He was a scholar and he was very pious, so his obligation was greater than the average Joe’s.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: From the Conditions of Commanding the Good and Forbidding Evil: 1. Remove the evil and replace with the opposite (something good) 2. Reduce the evil 3. Take away the evil and you replace it with something similar. In this case you haven’t really accomplished anything. 4. To replace it with that which is worse than it. This is flat out haram. The first two are legislative in Islam and beneficial, the third one is Ijtihad (on a case by case basis), the fourth one is definitely haram.
Find and Insert Hadith, “Inna Minkoum Munaffireen,” translates into something along the lines of “Verily, From among you are those that turn people away.”
•
From the conditions of this act is ability, knowledge, gentleness, patient and dignified upon abuse; ﻮ ﹺﺭﺰ ﹺﻡ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻣ ﻋ ﻦ ﻣ ﻚ ﻟﻚ ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﹶﺫ ﺑﺎﺎ ﹶﺃﺻﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ ﺮ ﺻﹺﺒ ﺍﻨ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ﻭﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ ﻪ ﻧﺍﻑ ﻭ ﻭﻌﺮ ﻤ ﺮ ﺑﹺﺎﹾﻟ ﻣ ﻭﹾﺃ ﻠﹶﺎ ﹶﺓﻗ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﺼ ﹶﺃﻨﻲﺑ ﺎﻳ My dear son! Establish worship and enjoin kindness and forbid iniquity, and persevere whatever may befall thee. Lo! that is of the steadfast heart of things. [31:17]
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Hadith Thirty-Five
On the authority of Abu Hurairah, who said that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "Do not envy one another; do not inflate prices one to another; do not hate one another; do not turn away from one another; and do not undercut one another, but be you, O servants of Allah, brothers. A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim: he neither oppresses him, nor does he abandon him, nor does he look down upon him. Taqwa is right here (and he pointed to his chest three times). It is evil enough for a man to look down upon his Muslim brother. The entirety of a Muslim for another Muslim is inviolable: his blood, his property, and his honor." [Muslim]
DEFINITIONS: 104
Al-Hasad - The meaning of it is that you wish a blessing that someone else has is removed from that person. An-Nagash â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A person raising the price of an item when he has no intention of buying it. At-Tadaabur â&#x20AC;&#x201C; boycotting another Muslims. Yakhthuluhu â&#x20AC;&#x201C; To leave off helping that person
AL-HASAD (ENVY): Envy is clearly forbidden in the Qurâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an, Sunnah, and by Consensus. From the Attributes of the Disbelievers
â&#x20AC;˘
{HE VCD $= n J dÂ&#x2014; / ď&#x192;&#x2014; Â&#x203A;TÂ&#x; :-( ' > . / ?;D & ď&#x201A;&#x2013;-8 L )A / 'c4Ö´_ ď&#x201A;ˇS o\; )?;D EÖ´â&#x2DC;şL#O ' > . / g#hC4[\& J ' 8 < A[\ 8 < SÂ&#x2022;Ö´ 8? h : Â&#x2020; ď&#x20AC;ż iQ (N#y L YzÂŽ]Ö´_ < A \  ( $²=[Â&#x; YNGď&#x20AC;ż 8 @Q : #O D \Â?ď&#x192;?Gď&#x192;?¡)¸ #. !a{Â&#x152;$  L ' Ö J;ď&#x192;łzX Many of the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) wish that if they could turn You away as disbelievers after You have believed, out of envy from their own selves, even, after the Truth (that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger) has become manifest unto them. but forgive and overlook, till Allah brings his Command. Verily, Allah is Able to do all things. [Al Baqarah 2:109] -
Allah highlights that many of the people of the scripture wish they could turn you away, but not all of them. This is specifically the group of people who learned the truth and they know its right.
Allah commanded us to seek refuge from it
â&#x20AC;˘
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"And from the evil of the envier when He envies." [Surah Al-Falaq 113:5]
It reflects discontentment with the decree of Allah
â&#x20AC;˘
Al-Hasad is the Cause of Much Evil: 1. It prevented Iblees from prostrating to Adam. 2. It prevented some of Quraish from accepting Prophet 3. It prevented many of the Madinah Jews from believing 105
-
They expected the Prophet to come from the Jews. They didn’t like that the Prophet was an Arab.
4. It resulted in the trials to Yusuf and his father - They were envious of the Yusuf’s father had for him.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: Ways the Shari’ah protects against hatred: 1. By forbidding what leads to it: alcohol and intoxicants, gossip and slander, sale over sale/engagement a. Alcohol & Intoxicant – Insert Ayah from Surah Ma’idah. Shyataan wants to put between you enmity and cause you to fight. b. Gossip & Slander – Insert Ayah from Surah 2. Commanding what creates love: Imaan = love, gifts, the salaam, to say “I love you”, brotherhood rights a. Not Only does Shari’ah prevent hatred, but it also commands thing that enjoin love. b. Insert Hadith - Tahadou Tahaabou. Give Gifts to one another, love one another. c. Insert Hadith – You will not enter Jannah until you believe and you will not believe until you love one another and you will not love one another until you spread salaam. The Great sin of boycotting another Muslim: o
Leads to the Hellfire, as serious as shedding his blood, the most beloved thing to Iblees (Hadith Muslim – throne on water), delays the forgiveness of Allah
o
The Messenger of Allah said, It is not acceptable for a Muslim to boycott his muslim brother or for a sister to boycott her sister. For over 3 days and whoever dies in that state then they die and they enter the hellfire.
o
The one who boycotted the Muslim for a year it’s as if he shed his blood.
o
The better one of the two is the one who initiates the salaam (S - Adw)
o
Boycotting people is OK in matters of religion (deen) if it is really beneficial. -
o
Imam Ahmad encouraged the boycotting of specific people? Why? This is because the person may cause harm in the religions, etc. Examples may include someone who practices black magic or an Imam who is saying odd things such as “It’s ok for women to lead men in prayer,” etc.
Sometimes Boycotting people can be good.
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-
-
The story of Ka’b ibn Malik when he did not go to Tabuk with the Messenger of Allah. The Muslims boycotted him as obedience to Allah and the Prophet and the end result was that Allah forgave Ka’b and elevated his status. Until this day, his story is remembered in the Quran. While this may apply to Ka’b, this doesn’t generally apply.
Examples of undercutting sale of a Muslim:
•
o
Undercutting a price is forbidden once another person has agreed upon a sale.
o
However, undercutting and competing with respect to prices before a purchase is made is permissible.
o
Another way people undercut is someone who’s buying a house for 20,000 dollars and then someone else comes and says I’ll give you 30,000. You’re basically overbidding after an agreement has been made.
The majority of scholars are of the opinion that this goes for both a Muslim and a non-Muslim (Islamic justice)
Hadith Thirty-Six
107
On the authority of Abu Hurairah that the Prophet said: "Whosoever removes a worldly calamity from a believer, Allah will remove from him one of the calamities of the Day of Judgment. Whosoever alleviates [the lot of] a needy person, Allah will alleviate [his lot] in this world and the next. Whosoever shields a Muslim, Allah will shield him in this world and the next. Allah will aid a servant of His so long as that servant aids his brother. Whosoever follows a path to seek knowledge therein, Allah will make easy for him the path to Paradise. No people gather together in one of the houses of Allah, reciting the Book of Allah and studying it among themselves, without tranquility descending upon them, mercy enveloping them, the angels surrounding them, and Allah making mention of them amongst those who are with Him. Whosoever is slowed down by his actions will not be hastened forward by his lineage." [Related by Muslim in this form]
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: â&#x20AC;˘
This is a perfect example of the reward being similar to the act or deed; â&#x20AC;ŤŘ§â&#x20AC;Ź
â&#x20AC;ŤŘ§ اإâ&#x20AC;Ź
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Case and Point: "Whosoever removes a worldly calamity from a believer, Allah will remove from him one of the calamities of the Day of Judgment.” The reward is going to be as great as what you give.
•
Surat Ar-Rahman - What is the reward for excellence other than
• excellence? •
Whoever humbles himself for the sake of Allah, Allah will elevate him on the Day of Judgment.
•
Whoever eases a difficulty upon a Muslim will be rewarded with ease in this life and the next!
•
The shielding of a Muslim has great virtues
•
There is no aid in sinning – ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﰒ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﺍﻥ o
•
Surah Al-Ma’idah?
Seeking knowledge literally by walking to the classes, and metaphorically by memorizing, studying, notes o Allah will make a path easy for jannah for the one who seeks knowledge.
Covering the Sins of Your Brother • Insert Hadith - Whoever finds a Muslim brother doing something in secret and he covers it, Allah will cover his sins ont eh Day of Judgment. Whoever tries to expose the sins than Allah will expose that person and even embarrass him internally within his own sin.
From Virtues of Knowledge: 1. Seeking Knowledge is the Road to Jannah a. Based off of the above hadith. 2. Cause of elevation in degrees [58:11] a. “Allah will raise up those among you that have knowledge in degrees.” 3. Knowledge is the Only matter in which Prophet was asked to seek more of by Allah. 4. Allah took people of knowledge as witnesses with Himself a. Surah Aali-Imraan, 118 5. Sign of Allah’s wish for good for a person, a. Insert Hadith – Agreed upon – whoever Allah wishes good for him, He will cause him to be learned and knowledgeable in the religion. 6. The Angels lower their wings to the student of knowledge a. Insert Hadith – Abu Dawood – The angels they lower their wings for those who are seeking knowledge because the knowledge seekers are the inheritors of the Prophets. 7. They are the inheritors of the Prophets 109
8. Greater in status than the worshippers
The best deed after the obligatory deeds is seeking knowledge. - Imam Ash-Shafi’ee and All of the Ulama’ of the Madhahib
...ﺧﲑﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ The best of you are those who learn the Quran and teach it. From the merits of sitting in the masjid to learn and teach the Quran: 1. The tranquility descends upon them 2. They are enveloped in Allah’s mercy 3. The Angels surround them 4. Allah mentions them to those in His presence
Encouragement to read the Qur’an with understanding
•
•
o
Ibn Tayymiyyah said there is nothing better for the heart than reading the Quran with understanding and deep thinking.
o
Nawawi said, It is imperative upon the reciter of the Quran that he should be having humility and reflecting and he should be focused. That is what is required of him and what is being asked for him.
o
Hasan Al-Basri said, “O son of Adam, how is your heart ever going to be softened by the recitation of the Quran when All you care about is reaching the end of the surah?”
Your family lineage will not benefit you in the Hereafter if your deeds are deficient (Sayyid status will not benefit you) o Insert Hadith - Abu Hurayrah reported: Warn your nearest kin folk. O people of Quraysh… I cannot avail you against Allah. The prophet listed many of his family members and said I cannot avail you anything against Allah.
Hadith Thirty-Seven 110
Ibn Abbas (saws) reported that the Messenger of Allah (saws) related from his Lord (glorified and exalted be He): "Verily Allah has recorded the good deeds and the evil deeds." Then he clarified that: "Whosoever intends to do a good deed but does not do it, Allah records it with Himself as a complete good deed; but if he intends it and does it, Allah records it with Himself as ten good deeds, up to seven hundred times, or more than that. But if he intends to do an evil deed and does not do it, Allah records it with Himself as a complete good deed; but if he intends it and does it, Allah records it down as one single evil deed."
111
[Bukhari & Muslim each in his Sahih have thus related it]
Comment: "So look my brother, may Allah guide us, and take note of how great is the kindness of Allah - may He be exalted! Reflect on this, how that His saying "with Himself" points to His great care with regard to it, and His saying "complete" is for emphasis, not to point to the intensity of His care with regard to it. With regard to the evil deed which one intended but then abandoned, He says: "Allah records it with Himself as a complete good deed", emphasizing this by the word "complete" (kamilah); Whereas if he performs it, He records it down as "one evil deed", where by the word "one" He emphasizes its being made little of, since He does not emphasize it here by the word "complete". So to Allah be praise and grace. Glory be to Him! Our praising Him can never be enough. And with Allah is all success."
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: â&#x20AC;˘
Deeds are rewarded from 10 times to 700 to even more, â&#x20AC;&#x153;depending upon the excellence of the deed and the sincerity associated with itâ&#x20AC;? (Ibn Rajab)
â&#x20AC;˘
As for he who intends a good deed, it means to have the idea to do it associated with a level of determination (not thought).
â&#x20AC;˘
The one who intends a sin but doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t do it. He is the one whose taqwa prevented him from acting out on his sinful intention, not the one who was simply unable to commit the sin due to circumstance in which case he gets the full weight of the sin by intention.
!" â&#x20AC;ŤŮ&#x2C6;ŘĽŮ&#x2020; آ ŘŁ آ Ů&#x2021;â&#x20AC;Ź If he left a sin for my sake, write it for me as a good deed. [Narration in Bukhari]
Hadith Thirty-Eight 112
On the authority of Abu Hurairah, who said that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: Allah the Exalted has said: "Whosoever shows enmity to a friend of Mine, I shall be at war with him. My servant does not draw near to Me with anything more beloved by Me than the religious duties I have obligated upon him, and My servant continues to draw near to Me with supererogatory works so that I shall love him. When I love him, I am his hearing with which he hears, his seeing with which he sees, his hand with which he strikes, and his foot with which he walks. Were he to ask something of Me, I would surely give it to him and were he to ask Me for refuge, I would surely grant him it." [Bukhari]
WHAT IS A WALI? A Wali is what Allah says a Wali isâ&#x20AC;Ś
šN)AÖ´ TU XQ (;Q (- J ÂŁt#O eU J ! v$ stAď&#x192;§& u )?>n TU( ď&#x192;łg#h -GH Â&#x2C6; < Aď&#x192;§&Ö TÂ&#x;( < A8 (; sÂ?d Ö @Q ! "$ stA[OxV L 62. No doubt! Verily, the Auliyâ' of Allâh [i.e. those who believe In the Oneness of Allâh and fear Allâh much (abstain from All kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden), and
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love Allâh much (perform All kinds of good deeds which He has ordained)], no fear shall come upon them nor shall they grieve, 63. Those who believed (in the Oneness of Allâh - Islâmic Monotheism), and used to fear Allâh much (by abstaining from evil deeds and sins and by doing righteous deeds). [Yunus 10:62-63]
Hence, to be wali you need: 1. Iman 2. Taqwah (not divine selection)
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: •
Sometimes we don’t realize that the solution to our problems is through our trials. The idea is to be patient because you have no idea where the Mercy of Allah is going to come from! For example: Someone who gets laid off is going through an issue. It’s really a problem. However, maybe he takes a trip because he has free time and is offered 2 or 3 times more money because he met someone on a trip.
•
To remember that so long as you have Taqwah, that Allah will protect you in the end even if you are tested a little
•
That the performing of the obligatory in the most complete way is the best way to attain Allah’s love o
• o o o
Umar ibnul Khattab said, the Three best of deeds are: 1. To do the obligatory deed in the best way. 2. Wara3 – to leave that which is doubtful in terms or halal and haram for something that is certainly halal for fear of Allah. This is one of the best aspects of the religion. 3. Sincere intention with regard to what Allah has (i.e. to sincerely want Jannah). The deeds vary in their excellence by their type How do we know which deed is better than another? By gaining knowledge! Type: Al Jins (?) Categories – The most beloved of the obligatory deeds is Salah. Then Zakat, etc.
•
Performing much of the voluntary deeds is a means of achieving a higher degree of Allah’s love
• o
The virtue of persisting in the good ( * ب% ال ( 'ي% #)و The most beloved deeds to Allah are the deeds that are consistent, even if they are small.
o
The result of attaining Allah’s love Allah will guide you through your life, because you look for that which pleases Allah.
•
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As a summary is that the closer you get to Allah, one of the indications of Allah’s love for you is that Allah fills your life and your day with good deeds.
Hadith Thirty-Nine
On the authority of Ibn Abbas that the Messenger of Allah said: "Allah has pardoned for my sake the mistakes and forgetfulness of my community and that which they have done under compulsion. “ [Hadith Hasan related by Ibn Majah, Al-Bayhaqi and others]
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: •
Allah doesn’t punish us for unintended mistakes (opposite of intended), forgetting or compulsion
•
Some examples pertaining to the hadith
•
Although we are not accountable before Allah on the Day of Judgment we are still accountable to others o A perfect example is tripping and breaking another person’s laptop. Allah will not hold us accountable for tripping and breaking the laptop, but we are accountable to replace the laptop we broke.
•
The only exception to compulsion is with respect to killing another Muslims. This means that compulsion is a valid excuse, but no matter what happens you can never kill another Muslims according to consensus.
•
This is another great example of Allah’s mercy to us.
115
Hadith Forty
On the authority of Ibn 'Umar who said that the Messenger of Allah (saws) took me by the shoulder and said: "Be in this world as though you were a stranger or a traveler." And Ibn 'Umar used to say: "When evening comes, do not expect to live till morning, and when morning comes, do not expect to live till evening. Take from your health a preparation for your illness, and from your life for your death." [Bukhari]
Commentary of an-Nawawi: This hadith is a foundational principle in limiting your hopes for this world and the attitude of the believer towards it.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: •
The example of the world given by the Prophet (saws): “I am only in this world like a rider who stops under a shady tree for some time and then moves on.” [Sahih in Tirmidhi] 116
•
Ibnul Qayyim – “Limited hopes is to remember the closeness of death, and the speed at which life passes; and indeed this is among the most beneficial matters for the soul for it leads it to take advantage of every opportunity (for good) and to fill the record…”
Sayings of Some Righteous People •
Abi Dardaa’ told the people of Shaam – Why do I see you people of greater Syria building that which you do not live in; and you gather up that which you will not use; and you hope for that which you don’t reach; verily those before you they got deceived by the world. They built up these big buildings, gathering your money, etc… and all that became was their graves and it was just something that deceived them.
•
Ali said –the world has its children and the hereafter has its children, so don’t be the children of the world and rather be the children of the hereafter.
•
Ibn as-Sawk said - they don’t cry because they’re dead, but they cry because of the things they passed up.
Examples of the preparedness for death of the righteous: •
Ali used to be afraid of 2 things: excessive/lengthy hopes in the world (hopes that make you forget the afterlife) and following temptations.
•
_____ used to tell his wife, “When I die, I want you to get my body to so and so to wash it, then this, and this, and this, etc.” Someone asked her if he had a vision or something and she said no, he tells me this every day.
•
Abu Zuraa said - I’ll tell you something I never told anyone before. There was never a time where I left Salat ul-Isha, where I thought I would come back. I never thought I was going to come back.
•
Abi Dardaa’ – I you talk about the dead people, go ahead and count yourself among them.
•
It is a must for every Muslim to rush to do good deeds before death comes to them and to remember death often as the Prophet (saws) instructed.
•
The righteous were always keen to exert their efforts in good before it was too late:
ﺧﺘﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺧﺘﻤﺔ:ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ •
Abu Bakr al-’Ayaash – “I have completed the recitation of the Qur’an in this small alley 18,000 times (khatman)”.
117
Hadith Forty-
One On the authority of Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibnu 'Amr ibnul-'Aas, who said that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "None of you truly believes until his inclination (or desire) is in accordance with what I have brought." [Hadith Hasan Sahih which we have transmitted from the book of Hujjah with a sound chain of transmission]
NARRATOR: ABDULLAH IBN ‘AMR IBNUL-‘AAS He used to be one of the severe generals from Quraysh who used to
• fight the Muslims.
He became a Great Companion who accepted Islam before his
• father. •
Was among the few who knew how to read and write, and as such received explicit permission from the Prophet (saws) to write down everything that he said (to write hadith). Insert Hadith - where he was told to write. - Note: this permission where he was told to write, happened later in the revelation. The Prophet (saws) wanted people to focus on writing down the revelation (Quran) in the beginning.
•
He was known for fasting often and praying often in the nights to the extent that the Prophet (saws) said to him, “Indeed, your soul has a right upon you, your wife has a right upon you …”
•
Lived in Egypt with his father after the death of the Prophet (saws), and later moved to Greater Syria and eventually back to Makkah. Died in 65 AH at the age of 72.
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• o o
Narrated over 700 ahadith, recorded in as-Sahifah as-Sadiqah As-Sahifah as-Sadiqah was written during the life of the Prophet (saws) Also, this book according to ibn al-Athir had > 1000.
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: This hadith is classified as weak although there are other ahadith
• with similar meaning.
Discussion on temptations/desires and how to effectively combat
• them in your soul.
ﺿ ﱡﻞ ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﻣ ﻭ ﻢ ﻫ ﺍ َﺀﻫﻮ ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃﹺﺒﻌﻳﺘ ﺎﻤﻢ ﹶﺃﻧ ﻋ ﹶﻠ ﻚ ﻓﹶﺎ ﻮﺍ ﹶﻟﺘﺠﹺﻴﺒﺴ ﻳ ﻢ ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ﲔ ﻤ ﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎ ﻮ ﻱ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﻬﺪ ﻳ ﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ ﻪ ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﻣ ﻯﻫﺪ ﻴ ﹺﺮ ﻐ ﻩ ﹺﺑ ﺍﻫﻮ ﻊ ﺒ ﹺﻦ ﺍﺗﻣﻤ But if they answer you not (nor follow you), then know that they only follow their own lusts. And who is more astray than one who follows his own lusts, without guidance from Allah? Lo! Allah guides not the people who are unjust. [Quran 28:50]
Important Note: You need to be patient with your difficulties and with your temptations!
Hadith Forty-Two
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On the authority of Anas, who said, “I heard the Messenger of Allah (saws) say: Allah the Exalted has said: 'O son of Adam, so long as you call upon Me and ask of Me, I shall forgive you for what you have done, and I shall not mind. O son of Adam, were your sins to reach the clouds of the sky and were you then to ask forgiveness of Me, I would forgive you. O son of Adam, were you to come to Me with sins nearly as great as the earth and were you then to face Me, ascribing no partner to Me, I would bring you forgiveness equal to it'." [Tirmithi, who said that it was a good and sound Hadith]
BENEFICIAL LESSONS: Details the three means by which a servant achieves forgiveness: 1. Du’a with hope 2. Repeating often the phrases of forgiveness 3. To have proper tawheed and that is the greatest means of forgiveness
We’re not going to be perfect, but we need to keep trying to seek forgiveness. What is the reward of forgiveness? It’s Jannah. Questions that will be on the Test: -
Know the 4 Abdullah’s for the test Know the name of the Book: as-Sahifah as-Sadiqah 120
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