Yearbook of the United Nations 2010 by United Nations Publications

The devastating earthquake that struck Haiti on 12 January claimed the lives of more than 220,000 people, including 102 United Nations personnel—the single greatest loss of life in the history of the Organization. The United Nations mobilized and coordinated international support to help the Haitian people recover, reconstruct and stabilize their country. It also provided emergency humanitarian and/or disaster assistance to many other countries during the year, including Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, El Salvador, the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Pakistan, Somalia and the Sudan. In the field of human rights, the General Assembly recognized the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation, and also adopted a resolution on the right to education in emergency situations. The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, which at year’s end had 21 parties, entered into force in December. The year was particularly significant in terms of United Nations engagement for issues concerning women. In order to strengthen institutional support for gender equality, the Assembly established the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) as the centre of the United Nations system gender architecture. The first Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict began her work during the year. The Security Council, in December, also adopted a landmark resolution calling on parties to armed conflict to make and implement specific and time-bound commitments to combat sexual violence.

With its comprehensive coverage of political and security matters, human rights issues, economic and social questions, legal issues, and institutional, administrative and budgetary matters, the Yearbook of the United Nations stands as the authoritative reference work on the activities and concerns of the Organization. Fully indexed, the Yearbook includes all major General Assembly, Security Council and Economic and Social Council resolutions and decisions, uniquely placing them in a narrative context of United Nations consideration, deliberation and action. This latest volume, the sixty-fourth, recounts

his sixty-fourth volume of the Yearbook of the United Nations records the work of the Organization in 2010 as it took up challenges and opportunities worldwide in maintaining international peace and security; fostering economic and social development, and providing humanitarian assistance; promoting and protecting human rights; and advancing international law.

how in 2010 the Organization helped resolve conflict situations and In a year in which acts of international terrorism resulted in the deaths of hundreds of innocent civilians, the General Assembly reiterated its condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, but also deplored violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as of international refugee and humanitarian law, committed in countering terrorism. The eighth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, held in May, adopted a 64-point action plan on nuclear disarmament, non-proliferation and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. It also called for a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East. The Convention on Cluster Munitions, which at year’s end was ratified by 49 States, entered into force in August. In other matters, the Twelfth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, held in Salvador, Brazil, in April, adopted the Salvador Declaration on Comprehensive Strategies for Global Challenges, which called for strengthened cooperation to prevent, prosecute and punish crime, especially by enhancing national capacity through the provision of technical assistance. At the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Cancún, Mexico, Governments agreed to strengthen cooperation to substantially reduce global emissions by 2050. In addition to delivering three Judgments and making nine Orders in pending cases, the International Court of Justice, in July, rendered its advisory opinion relating to the declaration of independence of Kosovo.

build peace in countries worldwide, as well as reduce poverty, support national elections, counter terrorism and advance disarmament and non-proliferation. It also highlights the renewed commitment by world leaders to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015; the establishment of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women); and the United Nations response—one of the largest ever mounted—in mobilizing and coordinating humanitarian and economic assistance after the catastrophic 12 January earthquake in Haiti.

ISBN: 978-92-1-101276-7

as well as ordered from: United Nations Publications, Room 927A, 300 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10017, United States of America, or: unp.un.org. All volumes of the Yearbook of the United Nations can be accessed in full online on the Yearbook website at: unyearbook.un.org.

The United Nations continued to assist Afghanistan, Iraq and Timor-Leste as well as other countries around the world in restoring peace and stability and rebuilding national institutions. The Security Council imposed further sanctions on Iran for its failure to cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Agency and implement safeguards agreements related to its nuclear programme. The Panel of Inquiry established by the Secretary-General on Israel’s military operation against a humanitarian flotilla sailing to Gaza in May submitted its first progress report in September. In 2010, 15 peacekeeping operations served by some 121,000 uniformed and civilian personnel, along with 12 political and peacebuilding missions with more than 4,000 staff, were deployed worldwide.

14-00322

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During the year, the United Nations experienced progress and setbacks in implementing peace agreements in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; supporting national elections in the Sudan; and consolidating peace and facilitating political processes in Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The Organization also strengthened international cooperation in fighting piracy off the coast of Somalia, and completed the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad. The General Assembly established the United Nations Office to the African Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to better support that organization in addressing conflicts and managing peacekeeping operations.

World leaders participating in the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in September—five years in advance of the 2015 target date for achieving the MDGs—put forward a road map outlining the remaining measures necessary for meeting the goals. In the first resolution adopted by the Assembly in its sixty-fifth session, entitled “Keeping the promise: united to achieve the Millennium Development Goals”, Heads of State and Government, concerned about the continuing impact of the global financial and economic crisis, called for scaling up successful approaches to achieving the MDGs, and reaffirmed their resolve to work together for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples.

YEARBOOK OF THE UNITED NATIONS 2010 Volume 64

YEARBOOK OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 2010 Volume 64 The United Nations Department of Public Information is dedicated to communicating the ideals and work of the United Nations to the world; to interacting and partnering with diverse audiences; and to building support for peace, development and human rights for all. Based on official documents, although not itself an official record, the Yearbook of the United Nations stands as the most authoritative reference work on the Organization and an indispensable tool for anyone seeking information on the UN system. The Yearbook of the United Nations is produced by the Yearbook Unit of the Publications and Editorial Section in the Outreach Division of the Department of Public Information. Chief Editor: Orrin F. Summerell Managing Editor: Edoardo Bellando Senior Editors: Lawri Moore, John R. Sebesta, Vikram Sura Associate Editors: Natalie Alexander, Raffaella De Lia, Meghan Lynn, Rodney Pascual, Shiyun Sang Copy Editor: Sunita Chabra Typesetter: Galina V. Brazhnikova Researcher: Nilton Sperb Administrative Assistant: Sheila Poinesette Copy Coordinator: Melissa Gay Editorial Assistant: Tinghua Zhou Yearbook of the United Nations Room S-927 United Nations New York, New York 10017 United States of America e-mail: unyearbook@un.org

All volumes of the Yearbook of the United Nations can be accessed in full online on the Yearbook website: unyearbook.un.org. For more information on the United Nations, please visit the website of the Organization: un.org.

YEARBOOK OF THE UNITED NATIONS 2010 Volume 64

Department of Public Information United Nations, New York

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 Volume 64 Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information New York, New York 10017, United States of America

ISBN-13: 978-92-1-101276-7 eISBN: 978-92-1-056089-4 ISSN: 0082-8521 United Nations publication Sales No. E.12.I.1 H

Jacket design: Graphic Design Unit, United Nations, New York Printed in the United States of America

Foreword

he dynamic multilateralism that best defines the United Nations made further advances in 2010. From high-level discussions on the Millennium Development Goals to the establishment of UN-Women, the year saw the United Nations continuing to break ground in advancing peace, human rights, development and justice.

Multilateralism was central to the United Nations-led humanitarian response to the catastrophic 12 January earthquake in Haiti, which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives, including the Head of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti and 101 other United Nations personnel, and caused extensive injuries and widespread damage. While supporting recovery and reconstruction in Haiti, the United Nations also mobilized and coordinated humanitarian action throughout the year in response to international emergencies in other parts of the world. My first Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict took office in April, and at year’s end the Security Council adopted resolution 1960 calling for an end to all acts of conflict-related sexual violence. In a milestone for the long-standing efforts of the United Nations for women’s rights, the General Assembly established the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) as the centre of the UN system gender architecture. The Every Woman Every Child initiative was also set up to galvanize partners to save the lives of 16 million women and children by 2015. Governments worked to ensure that action on climate change matched the grave threat faced by people and our planet. At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún, Mexico, they agreed on measures to build a low-carbon, climate-resilient future. The United Nations also completed the first successful Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (npt) in ten years. The United Nations provided its assistance to Member States by addressing such sensitive matters as the May humanitarian flotilla incident off the coast of Israel, the Commission of Inquiry into the assassination of Benazir Bhutto and the work of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. To better support Africa, the General Assembly created the United Nations Office to the African Union in Addis Ababa. With this edition on the work of the United Nations in 2010, the Yearbook collection further chronicles the often difficult but always essential global campaign for a better future.

Ban Ki-moon Secretary-General of the United Nations New York, October 2014

Table of contents Foreword

Table of contents

vii

About the 2010 edition of the Yearbook

xiv

Abbreviations commonly used in the Yearbook

Explanatory note on documents

xvi

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization

Part One: Political and security questions I. International peace and security

Promotion of international peace and security, 41: Maintenance of international peace and security, 41; Conflict prevention, 48; Peacemaking and peacebuilding, 51; Protection, 58; Special political missions, 68. Threats to international peace and security, 70: International terrorism, 70. Peacekeeping operations, 79: General aspects of UN peacekeeping, 81; Comprehensive review of peacekeeping, 84; Operations in 2010, 85; Roster of 2010 operations, 85; Financial and administrative aspects of peacekeeping operations, 87.

II. Africa

106

Promotion of peace in Africa, 109. Central Africa and Great Lakes region, 116: Great Lakes region, 116; Democratic Republic of the Congo, 120; Burundi, 141; Central African Republic, 148; Central African Republic and Chad, 156; Uganda, 173; Rwanda, 173. West Africa, 174: Regional issues, 174; Côte d’Ivoire, 177; Liberia, 200; Sierra Leone, 213; Guinea-Bissau, 221; Cameroon– Nigeria, 231; Guinea, 233; Mauritania, 237. Horn of Africa, 237: Sudan, 237; Chad–Sudan, 275; Somalia, 276; Djibouti–Eritrea, 303; Eritrea–Ethiopia, 306. North Africa, 308: Western Sahara, 308. Other issues, 315: Madagascar, 315; Mauritius–United Kingdom, 315.

III. Americas

317

Central America, 317: Guatemala, 317; Nicaragua–Costa Rica, 319; Nicaragua– Honduras, 319. Haiti, 319: 12 January earthquake, 320; Political and security developments, 321; MINUSTAH, 328. Other issues, 333: Colombia, 333; Cuba–United States, 334; Cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations, 335.

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Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

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IV. Asia and the Pacific

338

Afghanistan, 339: Political and security developments, 339; UNAMA, 358; International Security Assistance Force, 358; Children and armed conflict, 361; Sanctions, 361. Iraq, 363: Political and security developments, 363; UNAMI, 370; International Advisory and Monitoring Board, 371; Non-proliferation and disarmament obligations, 373; Oil-for-food programme, 375. Iraq–Kuwait, 377: POWs, Kuwaiti property and missing persons, 377; UN Compensation Commission and Fund, 378. Timor-Leste, 379: Political and security developments, 379; UNAMET, 384; UNMIT, 384. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, 386: Non-proliferation, 386; Other issues, 387. Nepal, 388: UNMIN, 395; Children and armed conflict, 395. Iran, 396: Non-proliferation, 396; Sanctions, 405. Other issues, 406: India–Pakistan, 406; Kyrgyzstan, 406; Pakistan, 406; The Philippines, 407; Sri Lanka, 407; Thailand–Cambodia, 408; United Arab Emirates–Iran, 408.

V. Europe and the Mediterranean

409

Bosnia and Herzegovina, 409: Implementation of Peace Agreement, 410. Kosovo, 416: Political and security developments, 416; EULEX, 417; UNMIK, 418; Kosovo Force, 419. The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 420. Georgia, 420: UNOMIG, 422. Armenia and Azerbaijan, 422. Organization for Democracy and Economic Development-GUAM, 423. Cyprus, 423: Political and security developments, 424; UNFICYP, 425. Other issues, 431: Strengthening of security and cooperation in the Mediterranean, 431; Cooperation with the Collective Security Treaty Organization, 432; Cooperation with the Council of Europe, 433; Cooperation with the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, 436; Stability and development in South-Eastern Europe, 436.

VI. Middle East

437

Peace process, 437: Diplomatic efforts, 437; Occupied Palestinian Territory, 438. Issues related to Palestine, 465: General aspects, 465; Assistance to Palestinians, 470. Lebanon, 484: Political and security developments, 485; Implementation of resolution 1559(2004), 486; Implementation of resolution 1701(2006) and UNIFIL activities, 487; Special Tribunal for Lebanon, 496. Syrian Arab Republic, 497: UNDOF, 500. UNTSO, 503.

VII. Disarmament UN machinery, 504. UN role in disarmament, 511. Nuclear disarmament, 514: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, 525; Advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice, 529; Prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons, 530. Non-proliferation, 531: Non-proliferation treaty, 531; Missiles, 533; Nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction, 534; Multilateralism in disarmament and non-proliferation, 537; IAEA safeguards, 539; Radioactive waste, 542; Nuclearweapon-free zones, 543. Bacteriological (biological) and chemical weapons, 549: Bacteriological (biological) weapons, 549; Chemical weapons, 551; 1925 Geneva Protocol, 553. Conventional weapons, 554: Towards an arms trade treaty, 554; Small arms, 554; Convention on excessively injurious conventional weapons and Protocols, 559; Cluster munitions, 562; Anti-personnel mines, 562; Practical disarmament, 563; Transparency, 565. Other issues, 566: Prevention of an arms race in outer space, 566; Prevention of an arms race on the seabed and the ocean floor, 569; Observance of environmental norms, 569; Effects of depleted uranium, 570; Science and technology and disarmament, 571. Studies, research and training, 571. Regional disarmament, 575: Regional centres for peace and disarmament, 577.

504

Table of contents

VIII. Other political and security questions

581

General aspects of international peace and security, 582: Support for democracies, 582. Regional aspects of international peace and security, 582: South Atlantic, 582. Decolonization, 583: Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, 585; Puerto Rico, 593; Territories under review, 593; Other issues, 604. Peaceful uses of outer space, 609: Implementation of UNISPACE III recommendations, 609; Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, 610; Legal Subcommittee, 613. Effects of atomic radiation, 617. Information security, 619. Information, 621: UN public information, 621.

Part Two: Human rights I. Promotion of human rights

633

UN machinery, 633: Human Rights Council, 633; Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 637; Other aspects, 639. Human rights instruments, 639: Convention against racial discrimination, 640; Covenant on civil and political rights and optional protocols, 643; Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights and optional protocol, 644; Convention on elimination of discrimination against women and optional protocol, 645; Convention against torture, 645; Convention on the rights of the child, 646; Convention on migrant workers, 653; Convention on rights of persons with disabilities, 653; International convention for protection from enforced disappearance, 654; Convention on genocide, 655; General aspects, 655. Other activities, 656: Strengthening action to promote human rights, 656; Human rights education, 660; International Year for People of African Descent, 661; Follow-up to 1993 World Conference, 662.

II. Protection of human rights

663

Special procedures, 663. Civil and political rights, 664: Racism and racial discrimination, 664; Human rights defenders, 673; Reprisals for cooperation with human rights bodies, 674; Protection of migrants, 675; Discrimination against minorities, 679; Freedom of religion or belief, 681; Right to self-determination, 688; Rule of law, democracy and human rights, 693; Other issues, 699. Economic, social and cultural rights, 719: Realizing economic, social and cultural rights, 719; Impact of economic and financial crises, 719; Right to development, 719; Social Forum, 732; Extreme poverty, 733; Right to food, 736; Right to adequate housing, 740; Right to health, 741; Cultural rights, 744; Right to education, 744; Environmental and scientific concerns, 747; Slavery and related matters, 748; Vulnerable groups, 751.

III. Human rights country situations General aspects, 765. Africa, 766: Burundi, 766; Côte d’Ivoire, 766; Democratic Republic of the Congo, 767; Guinea, 768; Sierra Leone, 768; Somalia, 768; Sudan, 769. Americas, 770: Bolivia, 770; Colombia, 771; Guatemala, 771; Haiti, 771. Asia, 772: Afghanistan, 772; Cambodia, 772; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, 773; Iran, 776; Kyrgyzstan, 779; Myanmar, 779; Nepal, 783. Europe and the Mediterranean, 783: Cyprus, 783. Middle East, 784: Territories occupied by Israel, 784.

765

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

Part Three:â&#x20AC;&#x201A; Economic and social questions I. Development policy and international economic cooperation

791

International economic relations, 791: Development and international economic cooperation, 791; Sustainable development, 800; Eradication of poverty, 809; Science and technology for development, 829. Economic and social trends, 840. Development policy and public administration, 840: Committee for Development Policy, 840; Public administration, 841. Groups of countries in special situations, 842: Least developed countries, 842; Small island developing States, 848; Landlocked developing countries, 855.

II. Operational activities for development

859

System-wide activities, 859. Technical cooperation through UNDP, 867: UNDP/UNFPA Executive Board, 867; UNDP operational activities, 871; Financial and administrative matters, 879. Other technical cooperation, 885: UN activities, 885; UN Office for Partnerships, 886; UN Office for Project Services, 887; UN Volunteers, 890; Economic and technical cooperation among developing countries, 891; UN Capital Development Fund, 891.

III. Humanitarian and special economic assistance

893

Humanitarian assistance, 893: Coordination, 893; Resource mobilization, 901; Humanitarian Activities, 902. Special economic assistance, 908: African economic recovery and development, 908; Other economic assistance, 916. Disaster response, 920: International cooperation, 921; Disaster reduction, 925; Disaster assistance, 929.

IV. International trade, finance and transport

937

International trade, 937: Multilateral trading system, 938; Trade policy, 941; Trade promotion and facilitation, 942; Commodities, 944. Finance, 945: Financial policy, 945; Financing for development, 953; Other issues, 961. Transport, 963: Maritime transport, 963; Transport of dangerous goods, 963. UNCTAD institutional and organizational questions, 964.

V. Regional economic and social activities

967

Regional cooperation, 967. Africa, 968: Economic trends, 968; Activities, 969; Programme and organizational questions, 973; Regional cooperation, 974. Asia and the Pacific, 974: Economic trends, 974; Activities, 975; Programme and organizational questions, 978. Europe, 983: Economic trends, 983; Activities, 983; Housing and land management, 984. Latin America and the Caribbean, 988: Economic trends, 988; Activities, 989; Programme and organizational questions, 992. Western Asia, 993: Economic trends, 994; Activities, 994; Programme and organizational questions, 998.

VI. Energy, natural resources and cartography Energy and natural resources, 999: Energy, 999; Natural resources, 1002. Cartography, 1004.

999

Table of contents

VII. Environment and human settlements

1005

Environment, 1005: UN Environment Programme, 1005; Global Environment Facility, 1017; International conventions and mechanisms, 1018; Environmental activities, 1028. Human settlements, 1044: Implementation of Habitat Agenda and strengthening of UN-Habitat, 1044; UN Human Settlements Programme, 1049.

VIII. Population

1052

Commission on Population and Development, 1052: Commission session, 1052. International migration and development, 1054. United Nations Population Fund, 1057: Activities, 1057. Other population activities, 1063.

IX. Social policy, crime prevention and human resources development

1065

Social policy and cultural matters, 1065: Social development, 1065; Persons with disabilities, 1077; Follow-up to International Year of the Family, 1081; Cultural development, 1082. Crime prevention and criminal justice, 1094: Twelfth United Nations Crime Congress, 1094; Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, 1101; Crime prevention programme, 1103; Integration and coordination, 1109. Human resources development, 1129: UN research and training institutes, 1129; Education for All, 1130.

X. Women

1133

Follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women and Beijing+5, 1133: Critical areas of concern, 1139. UN machinery, 1176: Convention on the elimination of discrimination against women, 1176; Commission on the Status of Women, 1177; UN-Women, 1178; UN Development Fund for Women, 1182.

XI. Children, youth and ageing persons

1183

Children, 1183: Follow-up to 2002 General Assembly special session on children, 1183; United Nations Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Fund, 1184. Youth, 1192. Ageing persons, 1193: Follow-up to Second World Assembly on Ageing (2002), 1193.

XII. Refugees and displaced persons

1198

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1198: Programme policy, 1198; Refugee protection and assistance, 1203; Policy development and cooperation, 1213; Financial and administrative questions, 1215.

XIII. Health, food and nutrition

1218

Health, 1218: AIDS prevention and control, 1218; Non-communicable diseases, 1222; Water and sanitation, 1225; Tobacco, 1226; Malaria, 1227; Global public health, 1228; Road safety, 1233. Food and agriculture, 1235: Food aid, 1235; Food security, 1236. Nutrition, 1240.

XIV. International drug control

1241

UN action to combat drug abuse, 1241: UN Office on Drugs and Crime, 1241; Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 1245. Cooperation against the world drug problem, 1249. Conventions, 1256: International Narcotics Control Board, 1257.

XV. Statistics Statistical Commission, 1262: Economic statistics, 1262; Demographic and social statistics, 1266; Other statistical activities, 1268.

1262

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

xii

Part Four: Legal questions I. International Court of Justice

1273

Judicial work of the Court, 1273: Contentious proceedings, 1273; Advisory proceedings, 1286. Other questions, 1289: Functioning and organization of the Court, 1289; Trust Fund to Assist States in the Settlement of Disputes, 1289.

II. International tribunals and court

1290

International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, 1290: The Chambers, 1290; Office of the Prosecutor, 1295; The Registry, 1296; Financing, 1296. International Tribunal for Rwanda, 1298: The Chambers, 1298; Office of the Prosecutor, 1302; The Registry, 1303; Financing, 1303. Functioning of the Tribunals, 1305: Implementation of completion strategies, 1305. International Criminal Court, 1314: The Chambers, 1317.

III. International legal questions

1321

Legal aspects of international political relations, 1321: International Law Commission, 1321; International State relations and international law, 1328; Diplomatic relations, 1336; Treaties and agreements, 1338. International economic law, 1339: Commission on International Trade Law, 1339. Other questions, 1347: Rule of law at the national and international levels, 1347; Strengthening the role of the United Nations, 1348; Host country relations, 1354.

IV. Law of the sea

1356

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1356: Institutions created by the Convention, 1370; Other developments related to the Convention, 1372; Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, 1391.

Part Five: Institutional, administrative and budgetary questions I. United Nations restructuring and institutional matters

1395

Restructuring matters, 1395: Programme of reform, 1395. Institutional matters, 1407: Intergovernmental machinery, 1407. Institutional machinery, 1409: General Assembly, 1409; Security Council, 1411; Economic and Social Council, 1411. Coordination, monitoring and cooperation, 1412: Institutional mechanisms, 1412; Other matters, 1413. UN and other organizations, 1414: Cooperation with organizations, 1414; Participation in UN work, 1422.

II. United Nations financing and programming Financial situation, 1424. UN budget, 1425: Budget for 2010–2011, 1425; Programme budget outline for 2012–2013, 1438. Contributions, 1440: Assessments, 1440. Accounts and auditing, 1442: Financial management practices, 1444; Review of UN administrative and financial functioning, 1445. Programme planning, 1446: Strategic framework for 2012–2013, 1446; Programme performance, 1447.

1424

Table of contents

xiii

III. Administrative and staff matters

1448

Administrative matters, 1448: Managerial reform and oversight, 1448. Other administrative matters, 1454: Conference management, 1454; UN information systems, 1461; UN premises and property, 1463. Staff matters, 1465: Conditions of service, 1465; Staff safety and security, 1473; Other staff matters, 1478; UN Joint Staff Pension Fund, 1486; Travel-related matters, 1488; Administration of justice, 1488.

Appendices I. Roster of the United Nations

1497

II. Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice

1500

III. Structure of the United Nations

1518

IV. Agendas of United Nations principal organs in 2010

1531

V. United Nations information centres and services

1542

VI. Intergovernmental organizations related to the United Nations

1544

Indices Subject index

1549

Index of resolutions and decisions

1578

Index of Security Council presidential statements

1581

About the 2010 edition of the Yearbook This sixty-fourth volume of the Yearbook of the United Nations continues the tradition of providing the most comprehensive coverage available of the annual activities and concerns of the United Nations. The present volume recounts how in 2010 the United Nations helped resolve conflict situations and build peace in countries worldwide, as well as reduce poverty, support national elections, counter terrorism and advance disarmament and non-proliferation. It also highlights the renewed commitment by world leaders to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015; outlines the establishment of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women); and portrays the United Nations response—one of the largest ever mounted—in mobilizing and coordinating international humanitarian and economic assistance after the catastrophic 12 January earthquake in Haiti. Readers can locate information by using the Table of contents, the Subject index, the Index of resolutions and decisions and the Index of Security Council presidential statements. The volume also features six appendices: Appendix I comprises a roster of Member States; Appendix II reproduces the Charter of the United Nations and the Statute of the International Court of Justice; Appendix III presents the structure of the principal organs of the United Nations; Appendix IV provides the agenda for each session of the principal organs in 2010; Appendix V gives the addresses of United Nations information centres and services worldwide; and Appendix VI lists the addresses of the specialized agencies and other related organizations of the UN system with their respective heads as at 2010.

duced or summarized under the relevant topic. Such texts are preceded by procedural details giving the date of adoption, meeting number and vote totals (in favour–against–abstaining), if any, and an indication of their approval by a sessional or subsidiary body prior to final adoption. The texts are followed by details of any recorded or roll-call vote. Substantive action by the Security Council has been analysed and brief reviews of the Council’s deliberations given, particularly in cases where an issue was taken up but no resolution was adopted. Major reports. Most reports of the SecretaryGeneral in 2010, along with those of main United Nations committees, regional and functional commissions, and Special Rapporteurs, as well as selected reports from other UN sources, such as seminars and expert and working groups, are summarized. Views of States. Written communications sent to the United Nations by Member States and circulated as documents of the principal organs have been summarized, in selected cases, under the relevant topics. Multilateral treaties. Information on signatories and parties to multilateral treaties and conventions has been taken from the series Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General (st/leg/ser/e) (see treaties.un.org).

Terminology Formal titles of bodies, organizational units, conventions, declarations and officials are normally given in full on first mention in each main section. They are also used in resolution/decision texts, as well as in the Subject index under the key word of the title. Short titles, abbreviations or acronyms are used in subsequent references in the main text.

Structure and scope of articles The Yearbook is subject-oriented and divided into five parts covering political and security matters; human rights issues; economic and social questions; legal issues; and institutional, administrative and budgetary matters. Chapters summarize pertinent UN activities, including those of intergovernmental and expert bodies, as well as major reports and, in selected cases, the views of States in written communications. Activities of UN bodies. The Yearbook puts the major activities of the principal organs of the United Nations and, on a selective basis, those of their subsidiary bodies in a narrative context of consideration, deliberation and action. The texts of all resolutions and decisions of a substantive nature adopted in 2010 by the General Assembly, the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council are repro-

Acknowledgements The Yearbook Unit would like to express its appreciation to the following persons for their contribution to the Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010: Contributing Editors/Writers: Cate Attwood, Elizabeth Baldwin-Penn, Udy Bell, Kathryn Gordon, Peter Jackson, Kelsey Keech, Christine Koerner, Russell Taylor Copy Editor: Rebecca Wolfe Proofreaders: June Chesney, Judith Goss Editorial Assistant: Rosario Magno Interns: Rochelle Atizado, Simon Callaghan, Lerone Charles, Alison Dorsi, Ruoshan Gu, Xinyue Liang, Elise Nabbe, Christina Pfandl, Sandra Rademacher Indexer: Maria A. Sullivan xiv

Abbreviations commonly used in the Yearbook ACABQ

Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions

African Union

BINUB

United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi

BINUCA

United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in the Central African Republic

CARICOM

Caribbean Community

CEB

United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination

CIS

Commonwealth of Independent States

CPC

Committee for Programme and Coordination

DPKO

Department of Peacekeeping Operations

DPRK

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

DRC

Democratic Republic of the Congo

ECA

Economic Commission for Africa

ECE

Economic Commission for Europe

ECLAC

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

ECOWAS

Economic Community of West African States

ESCAP

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ESCWA

Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia

European Union

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

HIV/AIDS

human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization

ICC

International Criminal Court

ICJ

International Court of Justice

ICRC

International Committee of the Red Cross

ICSC

International Civil Service Commission

ICTR

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

ICTY

International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

IDPs

internally displaced persons

IFAD

International Fund for Agricultural Development

IFC

International Finance Corporation

ILO

International Labour Organization

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IMO

International Maritime Organization

ITU

International Telecommunication Union

JIU

Joint Inspection Unit

LDC

least developed country

MDGs

Millennium Development Goals

Organization of American States

OCHA

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

ODA

official development assistance

OECD

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OHCHR

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

OIOS

Office of Internal Oversight Services

OSCE

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

Palestinian Authority

UNAIDS

Joint United Nations Programme on hiv/aids

UNAMA

United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan

UNAMI

United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq

UNAMID

African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDOF

United Nations Disengagement Observer Force

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNFICYP

United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus

UNFPA

United Nations Population Fund

UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Programme

MINURCAT United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad MINURSO

OAS

UNHCR

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF

United Nations Children’s Fund

UNIDO

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

UNIFIL

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon

UNIOGBIS

United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau

UNIPSIL

United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone

UNMIK

United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo

UNMIL

United Nations Mission in Liberia

UNMIS

United Nations Mission in the Sudan

UNMIT

United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste

UNOCI

United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire

UNODC

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

UNOPS

United Nations Office for Project Services

UNOWA

United Nations Office for West Africa

UNRWA

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

UNTSO

United Nations Truce Supervision Organization

UN-Women United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women

United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara

MINUSTAH United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti MONUSCO United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

UNWTO

World Tourism Organization

WFP

World Food Programme

WHO

World Health Organization

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

NEPAD

New Partnership for Africa’s Development

WMDs

weapons of mass destruction

NGO

non-governmental organization

WMO

World Meteorological Organization

NPT

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

WTO

World Trade Organization

NSGT

Non-Self-Governing Territory

YUN

Yearbook of the United Nations

Explanatory note on documents The following principal United Nations document symbols appear in this volume: A/- refers to documents of the General Assembly, numbered in separate series by session. Thus, A/65/- refers to documents issued for consideration at the sixty-fifth session, beginning with A/65/1. Documents of special and emergency special sessions are identified as A/S and A/ES-, followed by the session number. A/C.- refers to documents of the Assembly’s Main Committees. For example, A/C.1/- identifies documents of the First Committee, A/C.6/- documents of the Sixth Committee. A/BUR/- refers to documents of the General Committee. A/AC.- documents are those of the Assembly’s ad hoc bodies and A/CN.- those of its commissions. For example, A/AC.105/- identifies documents of the Assembly’s Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, A/CN.4/- those of its International Law Commission. Assembly resolutions and decisions since the thirty-first (1976) session have been identified by two Arabic numerals: the first indicates the session of adoption, the second the sequential number in the series. Resolutions are numbered consecutively from 1 at each session. Decisions since the fifty-seventh (2002) session are numbered consecutively from 401 for those concerned with elections and appointments and from 501 for all other decisions. Decisions of special and emergency special sessions are numbered consecutively from 11 for those concerned with elections and appointments and from 21 for all other decisions. E/- refers to documents of the Economic and Social Council, numbered in separate series by year. Thus, E/2010/- refers to documents issued for consideration by the Council at its 2010 sessions, beginning with E/2010/1. E/AC.-, E/C.- and E/CN.-, followed by identifying numbers, refer to documents of the Council’s subsidiary ad hoc bodies, committees and commissions. For example, E/CN.5/- refers to documents of the Council’s Commission for Social Development, E/C.2/- to documents of its Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations. E/ICEF/- documents are those of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Symbols for the Council’s resolutions and decisions since 1978 consist of two Arabic numerals: the first indicates the year of adoption and the second the sequential number in the series. There are two series: one for resolutions, beginning with 1 (e.g. resolution 2010/1), and one for decisions, beginning with 201 (e.g. decision 2010/201). S/- refers to documents of the Security Council. Its resolutions are identified by consecutive numbers followed by the year of adoption in parentheses, beginning with resolution 1(1946). ST/-, followed by symbols representing the issuing department or office, refers to documents of the United Nations Secretariat.

Documents of certain bodies bear special symbols, including the following: CD/Conference on Disarmament CERD/Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination DC/Disarmament Commission DP/United Nations Development Programme HSP/United Nations Human Settlements Programme ITC/International Trade Centre TD/United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNEP/United Nations Environment Programme

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Many documents of the regional commissions bear special symbols, which are sometimes preceded by the following: E/ECA/Economic Commission for Africa E/ECE/Economic Commission for Europe E/ECLAC/- Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean E/ESCAP/- Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific E/ESCWA/- Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Various other document symbols include the following: L.- refers to documents of limited distribution, such as draft resolutions. CONF.- refers to conference documents. INF- refers to general information documents. SR.- refers to summary records and is followed by a meeting number. PV.- refers to verbatim records and is followed by a meeting number. United Nations sales publications each carry a sales number with the following components separated by periods: a capital letter indicating the language(s) of the publication; two Arabic numerals indicating the year; a Roman numeral indicating the subject category; a capital letter indicating a subdivision of the category, if any; and an Arabic numeral indicating the number of the publication within the category. Examples: E.06.II.A.2; E/F/R.05.II.E.8; E.08.II.C.2. All UN official documents cited in the text in square brackets may be obtained through the UN Official Document System website: documents.un.org.

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization Following is the Secretary-General’s report on the work of the Organization [A/65/1], dated 30 July 2010, submitted to the sixty-fifth session of the General Assembly. The Assembly took note of it on 5 October 2010 (decision 65/505).

Chapter I

accelerating progress through further measures. These include adopting innovative financing and investments needed to support the provision of global public goods, dedicating resources to promote peace and security, and mobilizing to meet humanitarian and human rights needs around the world. 5. In this challenging environment, the need to act has never been more pressing. One of the Organization’s single most important choices will be whether to take action to leverage one of the greatest forces for positive change worldwide: women. 6. Women can provide the strength and dynamism that the world desperately needs in order to meet global challenges. They are the essential foundation on which the pillars of peace, security, respect for human rights and development must be built. Empowered women will heal societies disrupted by war, drive markets and economic growth, anchor families, and fight for justice, human rights and human dignity. Without their full engagement, the international system cannot meet the demands made of it. 7. This year, which marks the fifteenth anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the tenth year of the global effort towards the Millennium Development Goals, the message to Member States and the Organization is clear: gender equality and women’s empowerment are indispensable goals that the United Nations must champion for the benefit of all. 8. In too many societies, discriminatory access to land, technology, finance, jobs and education persists, suppressing women’s entrepreneurial spirit and condemning them to destitution and second-class citizenship. Violence against women—in all its forms— causes irrevocable suffering and undermines societal stability, peace and development. 9. For that reason, in 2010 the Secretary-General is encouraging the United Nations to lend its full support to programmes that empower women and protect them from discriminatory practices and violence. The leadership of Member States is essential.

Introduction 1. Over the past year, the world moved from being on the brink of a global economic depression to witnessing the beginnings of a global recovery. To be sure, the recovery is fragile and uneven, and there is no guarantee that a relapse will not occur. Unemployment remains unacceptably high, and vulnerable employment continues to rise. Economic volatility, eruptions of conflict, natural disasters, challenges to food security and strains on natural resources are unlikely to disappear. Moreover, analysis by the United Nations suggests that while Governments have made substantial efforts to stimulate growth and spur recovery, those efforts have not always met the needs of the poor and most vulnerable. 2. Nonetheless, there are grounds for a new optimism in what was previously a dim prognosis for millions around the world. Specifically, there is a convergence of several important elements that will help guide the United Nations through these uncertain times. The United Nations has a concrete framework to guide its action: the Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Development Goals. It has significant resources and knowledge to help address the current challenges, as well as increasingly robust partnerships with business, civil society and academia that will help elevate the response. 3. These measures will be adopted only if the United Nations is able to mobilize collective global political leadership and will. Over the past year, the Organization has sought to provide leadership and to generate such will. But this is not a task that can be successfully completed by the Organization on its own. The unswerving and proactive engagement of all Member States, developing and developed— especially at the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals to be held in September—is essential. 4. In addition, over the next five years the Organization and its Member States must focus on 3

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

4 10. Over the past decade, the international community was able to make considerable progress towards reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development, securing peace and stability, and promoting women’s empowerment. As the Organization and its Member States look to the next decade, they should be even more ambitious. They should work together to strengthen the Organization so that it can be the hub for multilateral action and a catalytic driver of change. If collective force is brought to bear, a brighter future can be achieved for all.

Chapter II Delivering results for people most in need 11. The year 2010 is proving to be critical for meeting the promises that the United Nations and the international community have made to those most in need around the world: promises to deliver on the Millennium Development Goals, promises to bring peace to conflict areas and stimulate recovery from conflict and natural disaster, and promises to promote human rights, the rule of law and democracy globally. The tragic earthquake in Haiti was a powerful reminder of the complex challenges that the Organization and its Member States must be ready and equipped to address. 12. The challenges are immense, but experience has shown that when strong commitments are backed by the right policies and adequate resources, even the greatest needs can be met and real progress can be achieved. A. Development 13. Over the past two decades, with the establishment of the internationally agreed development goals, there has been a groundbreaking shift in the way in which the world thinks about development. The Millennium Development Goals, in particular, underpin an unprecedented collective endeavour to address the many dimensions of poverty and inequality, and to build a global partnership for development. 14. By identifying and embracing the Millennium Development Goals, Member States put human development at centre stage and resolved to spare no effort to transform our world into a safer, more equitable, more sustainable and more prosperous place. 1. The Millennium Development Goals and the other internationally agreed development goals 15. Five years away from the agreed target date of 2015 for achieving the Millennium Development Goals, success is still within reach but not guaranteed. The Organization and its Member States have made great strides. Yet, progress is uneven, gaps are significant and new challenges have emerged. Intensi-

fied effort on the part of all will be needed in order to accelerate progress towards the Goals. 16. Progress in poverty reduction has been unbalanced across regions and is now threatened in some parts of the world. In 2005, there were 1.4 billion people living in extreme poverty (living on less than $1.25 a day), down from 1.8 billion in 1990, with China accounting for most of the decline. Newly updated estimates from the World Bank suggest that, owing to the recent financial and economic crises, an additional 64 million people will fall into extreme poverty by the end of this year. Nevertheless, the momentum of economic growth in developing countries is strong enough to sustain progress on poverty and put the world on track to meet the poverty reduction target. 17. While there is no deadline for achieving “full and productive employment and decent work for all”, no country can claim to have reached that target. The lack of progress in creating productive and decent jobs in urban areas, and stagnant farm productivity in many rural areas, have been the key reasons for the persistence of poverty and the rise in the numbers of the working poor. Women’s lack of access to land, with secondary effects on access to credit, inputs and extension services, has also had serious impacts on food security. The food and energy crises and the global financial and economic crisis have further undermined progress. 18. Remarkable progress has been made since 2000 towards achieving universal primary education, with many developing countries having crossed the 90 per cent enrolment threshold. Primary school enrolment has increased fastest in sub-Saharan Africa. There is some concern that the rapid rise in enrolment may place undue pressures on the capacity of schools and teachers to deliver high-quality education. 19. The gender gap in primary school enrolment has narrowed over the past decade, although at a slow pace. Progress at the secondary school level, which is especially important for women’s empowerment, has been even slower and in some cases is being reversed. 20. Addressing gender inequality and achieving women’s empowerment remain among the most difficult goals, with cross-cutting implications. Worldwide, women’s share of national parliamentary seats has increased only slowly, averaging 19 per cent as of January 2010. A number of developing countries, however, have led the way in using temporary special measures, including quotas, to make rapid progress in this area. 21. Violence against women and girls takes an unacceptable toll and is a serious impediment to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals globally. In recognition of this, the SecretaryGeneral’s campaign UNiTE to End Violence against Women encourages countries to adopt and enforce

Report of the Secretary-General national laws to address and punish all forms of violence against women and girls, adopt and implement multisectoral national action plans, strengthen data collection on the prevalence of violence against women and girls, increase public awareness and social mobilization, and address sexual violence in conflict. 22. In the case of the health-related Millennium Development Goals, significant progress has been achieved. Globally, the number of deaths per year among children under 5 has been reduced from 12.5 million (1990) to 8.8 million (2008). The number of people in low- and middle-income countries receiving antiretroviral therapy for hiv increased tenfold in five years (2003–2008). Yet, rates of hiv infection among women continue to grow in some regions, with women and girls bearing the disproportionate burden of providing care to those who are ill. Major progress has been made in reducing measles deaths and in providing interventions to control malaria and tuberculosis. This includes a sharp decrease in the number of measles deaths across Africa and indications that malaria control measures may also be yielding results. 23. Nonetheless, current trends indicate that many countries are unlikely to achieve the health targets by 2015, particularly in the area of reducing maternal mortality, which has shown the least progress. Access to reproductive health services remains insufficient where women’s health risks are greatest. 24. Despite an increase in the number of deliveries attended by skilled health workers in the developing regions, from 53 per cent in 1990 to 63 per cent in 2008, a recent academic analysis found an annual rate of reduction in maternal mortality of 1.3 per cent between 1990 and 2008, well short of the 5.5 per cent reduction needed in order to meet the Millennium Development Goal target. Access to maternal healthcare for poor and rural women is an area of particular concern. 25. Some movement forward has been made towards halving the proportion of people without access to clean water. The number of people having access to an improved water source in developing countries rose from 71 per cent in 1990 to 84 per cent in 2008. But the proportion with improved sanitation increased by only 11 percentage points between 1990 and 2008. And the goal of improving the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers has proved to be much less ambitious than what would be needed to reverse the trend of increasing numbers of slum-dwellers. 26. Since 1986, the implementation of the Montreal Protocol has successfully phased out the production and use of more than 98 per cent of all controlled ozone-depleting substances. In contrast, the rate of growth of carbon dioxide emissions was much higher during the period 1995–2004 than during the period

5 1970–1994, and the trend has yet to change. While net deforestation rates have come down, partly because of reforestation efforts, around 5.6 million hectares of forest cover are still lost worldwide every year. The target of reducing the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010 has not been met. Nearly 17,000 plant and animal species remain at risk of extinction as a result of major threats such as overconsumption, habitat loss, invasive species, pollution and climate change. 27. Official development assistance delivered in 2009 was almost $120 billion. Flows of some $20 billion (in 2009 prices) in addition to the projected delivery will be needed this year to reach the Gleneagles Group of Eight official development assistance (oda) target for 2010, which amounts to approximately $146 billion in 2009 prices. Of the shortfall, $16 billion will be required in order to meet the commitment for Africa. In 2008, oda to the least developed countries was equivalent to 0.09 per cent of the total gross national income of countries members of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (oecd), with less than half of member countries meeting their target of 0.15–0.20 per cent of gross national income in aid to the least developed countries. 28. A number of important initiatives are currently under way with a view to accelerating progress towards the Millennium Development Goals and other internationally agreed development goals. In 2009, as a follow-up to the United Nations Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development, the General Assembly charged an ad hoc open-ended working group with addressing a range of challenges in crisis response and reform. The working group has focused on mitigating the effects of the economic crisis on development, systemic reform issues and strengthening the role of the United Nations in global economic governance. 29. The United Nations system is advancing the implementation of its nine joint crisis initiatives designed to help countries weather and recover from the reverberating impact of the economic crisis, including the Social Protection Floor Initiative and the Global Jobs Pact. With a similar focus on employment and decent work, the system has come together in devising a plan of action for the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty, which should contribute to a more coherent and integrated systemwide response to the economic crisis and its ongoing impacts. 30. Overall, the experience of the past year underscores the urgency of moving the development agenda towards nationally owned development strategies that combine bold economic growth with social and sustainable development goals. Such strategies should address full employment and decent work

6 deficits, boost job creation through investment in green jobs and the expansion of public infrastructure, strengthen social protection, offer incentives to the private sector to retain existing jobs as well as create new ones, and reorient industrial policy towards a low-carbon development path. 31. The High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals in September will provide a unique opportunity to strengthen collective efforts and partnerships for the push to 2015, and to advance progress across the broader global development agenda. All stakeholders are strongly encouraged to engage in the summit process and to bring with them a renewed commitment to achieving the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. 2. The special needs of Africa 32. A decade of deep commitment to reform and political and economic stability is beginning to have an impact on Africa’s development path. In fact, since 2000 sub-Saharan Africa has had a higher growth rate than a number of emerging economies. Overall, Africa has shown greater resilience to the financial and economic crisis than many other regions of the world and is expected to rebound faster than Latin America, Europe and Central Asia. Nevertheless, the crises have slowed the economic growth that Africa had previously experienced, reducing export earnings, remittances from the African diaspora and foreign direct investment. According to the World Economic Situation and Prospects 2010: update as of mid-2010, the aggregate economic growth rate in Africa was estimated to be 2.4 per cent in 2009 and is projected to be 4.7 per cent in 2010, down from an average of about 5.7 per cent during the period 2004–2007. 33. Even after the recovery gathers pace in advanced economies, the impact of the crises on unemployment and social welfare in Africa may linger, owing to the lack of social protection to offset the negative impact of a global recession on households and specific vulnerable groups. 34. Improving the status of women and girls in Africa requires specific attention if progress towards development is to be accelerated. Some positive steps have been taken. As of February 2010, 4 out of the top 10 countries in the world in terms of percentage of women parliamentarians were in Africa. Rwanda is the only country in the world in which women make up the majority of parliamentarians. Nevertheless, throughout the region, women still face violence and discrimination, are victim to harmful traditional practices and beliefs, and suffer disproportionately from hunger and poverty. 35. Africa has the potential to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. It has vast human and material wealth. Africa’s people need neither pity nor

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 charity; they need the tools to create jobs and generate incomes. Developed countries should make good on promises made repeatedly at summit meetings of the Group of Eight and the Group of 20, and at the United Nations, to double aid to Africa. Yet, according to oecd, in 2010 Africa is likely to receive only about $11 billion (in current prices) of the $25 billion increase (measured in 2004 prices and exchange rates) in oda envisaged at Gleneagles. This is due largely to the unmet commitments of a number of major donors that give large shares of oda to Africa. 36. The Secretary-General’s Millennium Development Goals Africa Steering Group has focused on specific needs in such strategically vital areas as health, education, agriculture, infrastructure and trade. It has provided the international community with a clear sense of direction on what it will take to sustain Africa’s own efforts to fulfil its abundant potential and achieve the Millennium Development Goals. For example, across Africa, progress is being made against diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and aids. Africa is now on track to attain the objective of zero deaths from malaria by 2015 in subSaharan Africa. In addition, efforts of the United Nations system have focused on support in the areas of governance and institutional capacity-building, including through the strengthening of human resource and leadership capacity in public service at all levels, as well as e-governance and the utilization of information and communications technology for development. In these areas too, Africa’s commitments have yielded fruit, and many countries are now enjoying political stability. B. Peace and security 37. The duty to prevent, contain and resolve violent conflict is enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and forms a central pillar of the work of the Organization. Over the past year, the United Nations system redoubled its efforts to engage in preventive diplomacy, to improve its crisis response capacity, to manage violent conflict and to build sustainable peace following conflict. It is clear that if the United Nations is to better address political crises and resolve them more durably, such tools as peacekeeping and peacebuilding must be regarded as part of a political solution, not alternatives to one. 1. Preventive diplomacy and support for peace processes 38. Working closely with national actors, the United Nations has become more proactive, agile and effective in addressing rising political tensions and emerging crises. Throughout the past year, the Organization led or assisted mediation processes in more than 20 countries on four continents. The mediation support service has been professionalized

Report of the Secretary-General through the building up of knowledge, capacity and a network of expertise, and a strategy on gender and mediation has been developed to promote more effective participation by women in peace processes. To support the latter, the Department of Political Affairs partnered with members of United Nations Action against Sexual Violence in Conflict in organizing a high-level colloquium on addressing conflict-related sexual violence in mediation and peace agreements. There have also been increased efforts to provide greater political support and guidance to United Nations country teams working in politically complex environments. 39. The Organization’s efforts over the past year have devoted significant attention to Africa and the Middle East and have required the entire range of interventions, from conflict prevention to support for peace consolidation. 40. In Africa, the United Nations worked closely together with regional and subregional organizations to promote a rapid and peaceful return to constitutional order and avert violence in Guinea, GuineaBissau, Madagascar and the Niger. 41. In Guinea, the International Commission of Inquiry conducted a thorough investigation of the 29 September 2009 massacre, paying special attention to the sexual violence that took place. In partnership with the Economic Community of West African States and the African Union, the United Nations engaged in preventive diplomacy. Together with those partners, the United Nations also conducted a needs assessment in the area of security sector reform, a critical element needed for the consolidation of long-term stability in the country. 42. The United Nations assisted the Government of Sierra Leone in both peace consolidation and conflict prevention. The former took the form of assistance in follow-up to key political agreements, while the latter involved confidence-building measures in preparation for the 2012 elections. 43. In Western Sahara, the United Nations continued to work with Morocco and the Frente Polisario, as well as neighbouring countries, to find a mutually acceptable solution of self-determination for the people of Western Sahara. 44. The United Nations facilitated the peace process in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which contributed to a rapprochement between Kinshasa and Kigali. It also continued to assist in the peaceful settlement of the border disputes between Cameroon and Nigeria and between Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. 45. In the Central African Republic, the United Nations helped to shore up critical elements of the peace process, such as the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants. It fur-

7 ther encouraged the participation of all armed groups in the peace process. 46. To bolster the conflict prevention architecture in West Africa, the Organization supported, through the Regional Office, the fight against drug trafficking and organized crime. 47. In Somalia, the Organization and its Member States implemented a strategy to support fragile peace processes. Throughout the year, preparedness plans were continuously updated in the event that the Security Council decided to deploy a United Nations peacekeeping mission. 48. In the Middle East, the Organization’s political missions supported several countries navigating the difficult transition from war to peace. The Organization strived to create conditions conducive to a resumption of political negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians. The United Nations helped to manage a cessation of hostilities between Israel and Lebanon and encouraged the Government of Lebanon to develop a comprehensive border strategy to enforce the arms embargo. The United Nations has consistently advocated a full reopening of the crossings in Gaza. 49. The United Nations actively participated in the Middle East Quartet in supporting a broader Middle East settlement and responding to unfolding developments in the region. More recently, in the aftermath of the Israelis’ attack on and diversion of a humanitarian flotilla bound for Gaza, the Secretary-General has been engaged in formulating proposals, consistent with the Security Council presidential statement on the issue (S/PRST/2010/9), for a credible, transparent and independent international inquiry into the events. 50. In Iraq, the United Nations helped to resolve a stalemate over the country’s electoral law, paving the way for national elections in March 2010. Representatives of the Government of Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government met under the auspices of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq, through a high-level task force, to discuss Mission reports on disputed internal boundaries. 51. In Sri Lanka, the Secretary-General has engaged with the Government in line with the commitments made in the joint statement issued in May 2009. Accordingly, the United Nations system supports reconciliation and a sustainable political solution that addresses the aspirations and grievances of all communities; is providing assistance in the return and resettlement of displaced persons, including former child soldiers; and has called for an accountability process to address any alleged violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. 52. Engagements in other parts of the world included: assisting Governments in Central Asia in

8 developing arrangements for the joint management of shared water and energy resources as part of a conflict prevention programme; supporting the dialogue on the name issue between Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; facilitating full-fledged negotiations towards a comprehensive settlement in Cyprus; and assisting in the peaceful settlement of the border dispute between the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Guyana. 2. Peacekeeping 53. Peacekeeping plays a critical role in helping to maintain or restore durable peace and stability in countries emerging from conflict around the world. United Nations peacekeeping reached an unprecedented level of 124,000 deployed personnel last year, as compared with only 20,000 merely a decade ago. 54. Creating an enabling environment for elections and negotiations was a core focus of four peacekeeping missions this year. In the Sudan, the United Nations Mission in the Sudan (unmis) supported the elections held in April 2010, while strengthening its capacity to protect civilians. Unmis also began supporting key stakeholders in planning for the upcoming 2011 referendums and in engaging those stakeholders on post-referendum arrangements. Meanwhile, in Darfur, negotiations led to the conclusion of preliminary agreements between the Government of the Sudan and one of the coalitions of opposition groups. However, much remains to be done to ensure that the North-South peace process remains on track and that an inclusive and comprehensive peace agreement is reached for Darfur. Restrictions on the freedom of movement of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur continued to hamper the Operation’s ability to implement its mandate. 55. In Côte d’Ivoire, disagreements over the final voter list led to the postponement of elections, amid several violent incidents. The United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire and the United Nations country team continued to provide support to the implementation of the Ouagadougou Political Agreements and the consolidation of peace. 56. In Afghanistan, the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (unama) provided technical assistance to the conduct of elections in August 2009, including support for women’s participation, and facilitated political dialogue to resolve the issues arising in their aftermath. Unama continued to support the coordination of international aid and assisted the new Government in assuming increasing responsibilities. Insecurity, however, poses challenges for the Mission’s work, and a tragic attack on a United Nations guesthouse in Kabul on 28 October 2009 claimed the lives of five United Nations personnel.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 57. Efforts to strengthen institutions and support stability and economic recovery dominated the work undertaken by yet another set of peacekeeping missions. The operations in Liberia and Timor-Leste focused on strengthening national security institutions and the rule of law while facilitating recovery and peacebuilding tasks. In Timor-Leste, the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste supported the resumption of primary policing duties by the Timorese national police and continued to support the Government in strengthening state institutions. In Liberia, the Mission was able to continue its gradual drawdown, which is linked to the achievement of specific benchmarks. 58. Significant progress was also achieved in the peace process in Burundi, which has embarked on a round of critical elections that will extend beyond the summer. It is a sign of the maturation of the peace agreement between formerly hostile parties that the elections were peaceful, despite disagreements and contested results. The peacekeeping mission in the country was transformed into a peacebuilding mission on 1 January 2010. 59. The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon monitored the implementation of the cessationof-hostilities agreement, contributing, under difficult conditions, to the establishment of a relatively stable environment in southern Lebanon. The mission has actively attempted to facilitate an agreement that would allow the Israeli forces to leave the northern part of Ghajar, as contemplated by Security Council resolution 1701(2006). 60. Haiti, with the support of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (minustah), had been making steady progress towards stability and economic recovery when the country was hit by a devastating earthquake. More than 220,000 persons were killed, including 101 of the Organization’s own staff. More than 300,000 Haitians were injured, and damages and losses are estimated at $7.8 billion. A massive international assistance effort was immediately launched, and additional troops and police were authorized by the Security Council to support minustah. 61. Following the earthquake, minustah increased its overall force levels to support the immediate relief, recovery, and stability efforts. The Mission is providing logistical support and technical expertise to help the Government of Haiti to continue operations, supporting the Government in strengthening rule-oflaw institutions at the national and local levels, and implementing its resettlement strategy for displaced persons. It is also supporting the Government and the Provisional Electoral Council in the preparation and conduct of the country’s elections and coordinating

Report of the Secretary-General international electoral assistance to Haiti in cooperation with other international stakeholders. 62. Withdrawal or drawdown dominated the peacekeeping strategies of two other missions. In Chad, discussions on the future of the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad began after the Government had called for its withdrawal. Special attention was devoted to the continued protection of refugees and internally displaced persons, and to facilitating the provision of humanitarian assistance in eastern Chad. The drawdown has been successful thus far and is on target for completion by 31 December 2010. 63. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a new phase began with the transformation of the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo into the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo following the agreement between the Government and the United Nations that drawdown would be gradual and based on joint assessments of conditions on the ground. Meanwhile, given the ongoing insecurity in the east, the Mission continued its efforts to protect civilians and support the implementation of national plans to address the presence of armed groups, based on a policy of strict conditionality related to the conduct of the Forces armées de la République démocratique du Congo in terms of human rights. Efforts at stabilization and strengthening governance, including with regard to the security sector, also continued. 64. Over the past year, the widespread or systematic use of sexual violence against civilians in armed conflicts as a tactic of war was of great concern. The first report of the Secretary-General on the subject (S/2009/362) was issued mainly on the basis of reports from peacekeeping missions and identified serious gaps in the capacity of domestic security and justice systems to tackle impunity, as well as shortcomings in the provision of services for survivors. Among other key recommendations, the Secretary-General proposed the appointment of a senior person with the responsibility across the United Nations system for attending to the prevention and response to sexual violence in post-conflict and conflict situations. Subsequently, the Secretary-General appointed a Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict. 65. As part of a broader strategy for empowering women, the Secretary-General has encouraged Member States to provide more female peacekeepers. The Department of Peacekeeping Operations has developed gender guidelines for military peacekeepers, as well as a gender training strategy. 66. The continued scale of deployment and the diversity and complexity of mission mandates is not matched by adequate capabilities. In recent times, dif-

9 fering views within the Security Council and on the part of other stakeholders on the political strategy for missions, and insufficient consent by host Governments, have hampered the implementation of Council mandates in several operations. The increased demands have exposed the limitations of the basic systems, structures and tools of the Organization, which are challenged by the size, tempo and complex tasks of today’s missions. 67. Under the banner of the New Horizon process, the Secretariat has worked intensively with Member States over the past year to examine these challenges and make recommendations to address them. In a series of Security Council and General Assembly deliberations, this agenda received broad support. The ongoing support of Member States for further implementation will be essential if the United Nations is to provide stronger peacekeeping capabilities in the future. 3. Peacebuilding 68. The past year saw momentum building behind United Nations peacebuilding efforts, with the implementation of a number of important recommendations set out in the report of the Secretary-General on peacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict (A/63/881-S/2009/304). Specifically, progress was made in the deployment of leadership teams in the field, in the development and implementation of integrated strategic frameworks for peace consolidation in certain field locations, and in the improvement of collaboration with the World Bank. 69. The Peacebuilding Support Office initiated a global review of international civilian capacities. The review is designed to examine how the international system can bridge persistent gaps in standards, training and the timely deployment of civilian capacities for peacebuilding. 70. The Security Council has requested the Secretary-General to submit a report on women’s participation in peacebuilding, analysing the needs of women and girls in post-conflict situations and setting out recommendations to ensure that peacebuilding planning and financing processes respond fully to those needs. 71. The Peacebuilding Commission has remained engaged in the four countries on its agenda, with the support of the Peacebuilding Support Office and the integrated peacebuilding missions. Over the past year, it improved its working methods and strengthened its partnerships with the international financial institutions with regional and subregional organizations and with the national actors in the countries on its agenda. 72. The Peacebuilding Fund has provided funding assistance to an increasingly large and diverse number of countries emerging from conflict. As at

10 28 February 2010, with more than $334 million in deposits, the Fund had already allocated more than $196 million to 16 countries for a total of 115 projects. 73. The five-year review of the United Nations peacebuilding architecture was launched in February 2010. The 2010 review process offers an excellent opportunity to reaffirm and deepen the political commitment to the role of the Peacebuilding Commission and explore ways in which to realize its full potential. C. Humanitarian affairs 74. During the reporting period, emerging humanitarian challenges such as climate change, the food and financial crises, resource scarcities, population growth and urbanization increased vulnerabilities and humanitarian needs around the world. The year was also marked by the continuation of disasters associated with natural hazards and by an escalation in armed conflicts. 75. In support of Governments and working with other partners, the United Nations system responded to some 43 new emergencies: 33 natural disasters, 9 armed conflicts and 1 epidemic. In terms of regional patterns, 15 occurred in Africa, 14 in Asia and the Pacific, 8 in Latin America and the Caribbean and 6 in Central Asia. In comparison with last year, the number of new emergencies increased in Africa and Asia and the Pacific, while decreasing in Europe and Central Asia. 76. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the United Nations system was called to respond to the devastating 12 January earthquake in Haiti. Within 36 hours, the United Nations had deployed staff to coordinate and integrate the emergency response effort in the face of the loss of the Mission’s leadership. 77. In March 2010, the United Nations, the United States of America and the Government of Haiti, with the support of Brazil, Canada, the European Union, France and Spain, co-hosted the ministeriallevel International Donors’ Conference “Towards a New Future for Haiti” in New York. The aim of the Conference was to mobilize international support for the development needs of Haiti in an effort to lay the foundation for Haiti’s long-term recovery. Member States and international partners pledged $5.3 billion for the next 18 months to begin Haiti’s path towards long-term recovery. 78. By the end of May 2010, emergency shelter materials had been distributed to almost all those identified as being in need and the revised Humanitarian Appeal of $1.5 billion for ongoing humanitarian operations had been 58 per cent funded, at $878 million. 79. In addition to relief assistance and the previously described mandated areas of support provided by minustah, the United Nations system is supporting the recovery efforts of the Government of Haiti

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 by providing shelter, making cash for work available, removing rubble, supporting rebuilding efforts and, more broadly, strengthening the Government’s capacity to deliver basic services. The events in Haiti point once again to the importance of disaster management and risk reduction, areas of competency that the Organization must further develop and expand. 80. While the United Nations has rallied to help the Haitians recover from the disaster, this is not a time for complacency. Much remains to be done, and the Organization and its Member States must strengthen their efforts to deliver on the commitments they have made to the Government and to the Haitian people. 81. The reporting period also saw the shrinking of humanitarian space as humanitarian workers came under attack. In Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Sudan, the number of staff deaths, kidnappings and attacks increased. Attacks and threats against the United Nations have forced the Organization to review and adjust security arrangements and take measures to mitigate risks by changing the way in which programmes are implemented. At the same time, the Organization is working to ensure enhanced access for humanitarian actors and respect for humanitarian principles in a range of conflict situations. Advocacy efforts are helping to draw attention to neglected emergencies, attracting much-needed political and financial support. 82. Owing to a more tightly coordinated and needs-based humanitarian financing system, consolidated and flash appeals worldwide reached a value of some $10 billion over the past year, of which 71 per cent was funded. This represents an approximate doubling of the 2007 figures ($7.1 billion requested, 71 per cent funded) and a tripling of the 2004 figures ($3.4 billion requested, 64 per cent funded). Although funding for the Central Emergency Response Fund dropped from $453 million in 2008 to $401 million in 2009, some 23 Member States increased contributions in their national currencies. Another 17 countries joined the ranks of Fund donors in 2009, bringing to 117 the total number of Member States that have contributed to the Fund. Levels of funding for country-based pooled funds also decreased, from $407 million in 2008 to $339 million in 2009, while 5 emergency response funds were established in new countries, bringing the total to 18. Funding decreases were due largely to global currency fluctuations. The United Nations is asking Member States to increase the average amount contributed per fund, adjusted for local exchange rates. Funding for the humanitarian coordination system and common planning processes, including financing, has flattened and not kept pace with requirements.

Report of the Secretary-General 83. There has been an increasing focus on accountability for funds, including the development of a draft performance and accountability framework for the Central Emergency Response Fund. Country-based pooled funds continued to make progress in strengthening their respective monitoring systems, notably in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Iraq, the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Somalia. 84. The Organization focused on advancing three policy areas. First, the Organization joined with humanitarian partners to successfully advocate the mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction and management into climate change discussions. Secondly, it supported the Security Council’s new informal Expert Group on the Protection of Civilians in developing more principled, transparent and systematic action on protection issues. Thirdly, it worked to embed gender perspectives more thoroughly into humanitarian response, contingency planning and integrated mission planning by providing technical support on gender equality programming. D. Human rights, the rule of law, genocide prevention and the responsibility to protect, and democracy and good governance 85. The protection of human rights, the establishment of the rule of law, genocide prevention and the responsibility to protect, and democracy and good governance are prerequisites for the promotion of human welfare and permit the realization of a stable polity. Those elements provide the foundation for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Without them, violence, corruption, inequity and conflict ensue, creating instability, uncertainty and societal fragmentation. For that reason, the Organization is unrelenting in its commitment to their advancement through its work around the world. 1. Human rights 86. Over the past year, the United Nations witnessed the negative impact of ongoing global challenges, such as the economic and food crises and climate change, on the status of human rights. Of particular concern were increasing incidents of xenophobia and discrimination against non-citizens and ongoing impunity for human rights violations. 87. In response, the United Nations system increased its efforts to integrate human rights into the development efforts of Member States. Accordingly, the United Nations Development Group established a standing mechanism to assist the United Nations system at Headquarters and in the field in mainstreaming human rights into policy development and operational activities.

11 88. The Organization also used the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the twentieth anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the twentieth anniversary of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families to remind the international community of the need to take decisive action to protect the most vulnerable groups, particularly women and children, migrants, refugees, internally displaced persons and asylum-seekers. Following the successful conclusion of the Durban Review Conference in April 2009, the Organization began to take practical steps to realize the aspirations reflected in the Outcome Document. 89. An increased presence of human rights expertise in the field enhanced the Organization’s ability to provide assistance to Governments and other partners in addressing prevailing human rights challenges. Human rights officers supported the Human Rights Council’s fact-finding mission to Gaza and the Secretary-General’s Commission of Inquiry for Guinea in the aftermath of the violence that occurred on 28 September 2009 in Conakry. They also supported transitional justice processes in numerous countries around the world. In addition, the United Nations system continued to monitor the situation of children affected by conflict, as called for in Security Council resolutions 1612(2005) and 1882(2009). 90. The Secretary-General sincerely hopes that during the forthcoming review of the Human Rights Council in 2010–2011, the focus of discussions will be on building upon the achievements of the Council, such as the universal periodic review mechanism. The Council can and must do more to address serious and chronic human rights situations and respond to emerging crises. It should also strengthen its interaction with the independent experts who constitute the special procedures mandated by the Council. 91. As the September High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals approaches, the international community must seek to leverage the momentum generated in support of the Goals to strengthen the human rights commitment underpinning the Millennium Declaration. 2. Rule of law 92. Many of the world’s poor and marginalized groups do not benefit from the protection provided by the rule of law. This is particularly true for the disproportionately high number of women who find themselves without access to justice. 93. Over the past few years, the Organization has been seeking to address that imbalance by ex-

12 panding its programming worldwide. Over the past year, the United Nations system conducted rule-oflaw programming in more than 120 countries, 19 of which host peace operations mandated by the Security Council, which have as part of their mission the goals of “addressing exclusion” and “enhancing justice and security for all”. 94. The link among peace, development and justice was strengthened through the outcome of the First Review Conference of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The Kampala Declaration of the International Criminal Court, the amendments to the Rome Statute and the agreement on the crime of aggression adopted over the past year provide the international community with additional tools for fighting impunity. 95. In order to promote women’s empowerment in particular, the Organization took definitive steps to establish a deployable team of experts to strengthen the rule-of-law response to sexual violence in armed conflict pursuant to Security Council resolution 1888(2009), and to build on existing United Nations efforts in many conflict-affected countries. New United Nations rules on the treatment of women prisoners and offenders, and revised model strategies and measures on the elimination of violence against women in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice, have also been formulated. In addition, a global effort was launched to encourage Member States to deploy more women in the United Nations police, with a view to increasing their participation from 6.5 per cent to 20 per cent by 2014. 96. To enhance coherence, the Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group issued systemwide guidance on a United Nations common approach to transitional justice. The approach is guided by the principle of the centrality of victims and international law, takes into account the particular context of the country situation, emphasizes the importance of combating impunity and upholding the protection of human rights in peace agreements, and calls for efforts to address violations of social and economic rights. 97. The Group also launched the United Nations Rule of Law website and document repository (www.unrol.org), a central resource making more than 1,200 United Nations documents readily accessible and linking 42 United Nations entities and 126 partners worldwide. Both initiatives are part of a broader United Nations effort to provide more strategic and effective rule-of-law assistance. Member States and other partners are encouraged to collaborate on strengthening global and country-level coordination and coherence in the area of security and justice.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 3. Genocide prevention and the responsibility to protect 98. The concept of the responsibility to protect is gaining traction within the United Nations system. The Special Adviser who focuses on the responsibility to protect led the preparation of the January 2009 report of the Secretary-General on implementing the responsibility to protect (A/63/677) and, together with the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, consulted widely with Member States and other stakeholders in the months leading up to the General Assembly’s three-day debate on the report in July. The largely positive debate led to the adoption of the Assembly’s first resolution on the subject, resolution 63/308, by consensus. 99. The Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide continues to provide a unique analytical perspective within the United Nations system, to sound the alarm when necessary and to increase the capacity of the United Nations to prevent genocide. Over the past year, the Office strengthened its information management system that allows for the monitoring of developments in all countries. The Office put into practice an analysis framework to assess the risk of genocide in a given situation, which was made public and was welcomed by Member States, experts and non-governmental organizations. The Panel of the Wise of the African Union requested that it be integrated into the Organization’s early warning mechanism. 100. The office also expanded its outreach and awareness-raising activities. In an effort to mainstream genocide prevention and encourage a culture of prevention throughout the United Nations system and beyond, it established contacts with the African Union; the Organization of American States, including the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights; and the European Union. 101. Further conceptual, political and implementation work on the part of all stakeholders is necessary. 4. Democracy and good governance 102. Democratic norms permeate the fabric of the Organization and are strengthened by the progressive adoption of international standards and practices. The Secretary-General’s Guidance Note on Democracy has served as a key document in harmonizing the work of the Organization in support of democracy by establishing specific goals and norms. 103. Poor governance can be both a source and a consequence of conflict. Addressing weak governance, in particular by promoting the empowerment and participation of women, is now accepted as an integral part of approaches to development, conflict prevention and resolution and peacebuilding. Promoting good governance is also reflected in the

Report of the Secretary-General mandates of many field missions, contributing to a measurable improvement in democratic governance in their host countries. 104. Over the past year, the United Nations provided electoral assistance to more than 50 Member States. In peacekeeping or post-conflict environments, such as Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti and Iraq, it was provided through components of field missions of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations or the Department of Political Affairs. Technical assistance in the context of development, such as in Bangladesh, El Salvador, Malawi, the United Republic of Tanzania and Timor-Leste, was provided mainly by the United Nations Development Programme as part of its democratic governance programmes. In other contentious environments, such as Kyrgyzstan and Guinea, electoral assistance contributed to ongoing processes of the restoration of constitutional order, seeking to ensure inclusiveness and transparency, even under very difficult circumstances. 105. The United Nations Democracy Fund has enhanced the Organization’s efforts by providing grants, especially to local non-governmental organizations, to strengthen the voice of civil society, promote human rights and encourage the participation of marginalized groups in democratic processes. To date, the Fund has received more than $105 million in contributions and has supported 271 projects worldwide.

Chapter III Securing global goods 106. Addressing climate change, advancing on a global health agenda, countering terrorism and making progress on disarmament and non-proliferation have been priorities for the Secretary-General since he first came to office. These issues share some important traits: they can have a dramatic impact on human welfare and on peace and security, they ignore borders and affect populations indiscriminately, they are highly complex in nature, and the remedies needed are cross-sectoral in nature and require the coordination of activities across a broad range of actors. They constitute global threats that must be addressed if the global good is to be secured. The United Nations, with its engagement across a wide range of sectors and with its universal membership, is the only institution in the world that has the scope, expertise and legitimacy to be able to craft and implement effective policies to address these challenges. A. Climate change 107. Political momentum on climate change swelled during the second half of 2009 as the world prepared for the United Nations Climate Change

13 Conference in Copenhagen in December. In September, the Secretary-General hosted a Summit on Climate Change with 101 world leaders, which helped to place climate change at the top of the global agenda. No issue is more fundamental to long-term sustainable development and prosperity, energy security, food security and international security. 108. While Copenhagen did not fulfil all public expectations, it was an essential step forward in global efforts to address the climate challenge. Copenhagen marked the largest-ever gathering of Heads of State and Government on climate change. Important progress was achieved in building a broad political consensus that can invigorate global negotiations. 109. The challenge now is to build on the elements of agreement that emerged from Copenhagen within the global, dual-track negotiating process under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Strengthening trust between countries and increasing the transparency and effectiveness of the process are critical. The ultimate goal remains an effective, ambitious and comprehensive global agreement that sets the world on the path towards low-emissions development and helps to catalyse clean-energy growth in developing countries. 110. The timing—and the precise form—of that agreement is for Governments to decide. Every year of delay increases the risk of dangerous climate impacts and adds to the human and economic toll. 111. Since the end of 2009, the Secretary-General has been working closely with the world leaders to ensure that the subject of climate change remains a strategic imperative. He is encouraging Governments to press forward with national pledges to minimize emissions and to take ambitious action at every level to strengthen mitigation and adaptation. 112. In addition, the Secretary-General is urging countries to build on the progress made at Copenhagen on an adaptation framework; an agreement on reducing deforestation and forest degradation; a system for measuring, reporting on and verifying mitigation and finance; technology development and transfer; and short- and long-term finance. The United Nations will continue to support Governments as needed in each of those areas. 113. To accelerate momentum, the SecretaryGeneral launched a High-level Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing to identify potential funding sources to support climate action in developing countries. He will also establish a high-level panel on global sustainability to address the linkages between climate change and sustainable development. 114. There is still much work ahead of us. Global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, with climate impacts affecting millions of people worldwide, especially the most vulnerable. That is

14 why the United Nations system is committed to assisting Governments in implementing existing and future climate change agreements while building global green prosperity. The United Nations system will continue to provide expertise and assistance within a sustainable development context, including in core climate-related sectors such as energy, water, food security and disaster risk reduction. In addressing climate change, the world can help to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and chart a path towards a safer, healthier, cleaner and more prosperous future for all. B. Global health 115. The importance of health for economic productivity, social stability and security, and poverty reduction has been firmly demonstrated. Over the past year, the Secretary-General has called for a renewed focus on achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals, which so clearly underpins progress in other areas. 116. A focus on results has spurred innovation, not just in terms of medicines and vaccines, but also in ways of doing business and raising resources, and in attention to measurement and the setting of priorities. The creation of new partnerships has produced impressive results, notably in the field of immunization and in the fight against aids, tuberculosis and malaria. 117. Over the past year, the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic reminded us of the rapid spread of new pathogens and demonstrated the effectiveness of the International Health Regulations promulgated by the World Health Organization. 118. Malaria still kills more than 800,000 people a year, most of them children under 5 and pregnant women. However, there has been tremendous progress over a short period of time: more than 150 million insecticide-treated nets were delivered to Africa during the two-year period 2008–2009, and nine countries have reduced child deaths by more than 50 per cent. 119. There has been measurable forward movement in the aids response. Since 2001, the global rate of new infections has decreased by 17 per cent. At the same time, hiv treatment access in low- and middleincome countries increased tenfold over a span of just five years, bringing to 4 million the number of people on antiretroviral therapy at the end of 2008. Today, the tools and techniques exist to virtually eliminate mother-to-child hiv transmission. Hiv-based stigma and discrimination are being confronted more strongly, as demonstrated by several countries that have lifted decades-old travel restrictions on people living with hiv. 120. The global response to aids must be leveraged more effectively to meet women’s health needs. Aids remains the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age worldwide. A total of 15.7

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 million women are living with hiv. Shortfalls in public financing threaten the progress made in curbing the epidemic’s spread and saving the lives of those infected. Four out of five low- and middle-income countries are currently not on track to reach their universal access targets. 121. The world has made unacceptably slow progress on maternal health, the critical indicator of the health and prosperity of a nation. With hundreds of thousands of women and girls dying in pregnancy or childbirth every year and 10 million to 15 million more suffering long-term disabilities, the SecretaryGeneral has officially launched a global effort on women’s and children’s health. The global effort seeks to build upon and revitalize existing commitments, to secure new commitments from a range of influential partners and to provide organization and accountability for delivery at the highest levels. 122. Beyond the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations has made major strides in the eradication of guinea worm. Attention to addressing non-communicable diseases such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes and stroke has also increased. 123. Yet, for all of these advancements, significant challenges remain in achieving better health. This is due largely to deficient health systems, threats to health security posed by pandemic influenza and other emerging diseases, and profound inequities— illustrating a failure to allocate adequate resources to health care for the poor, women and children. For example, there has been a relative lack of progress in improving access to treatment for the two biggest killers of children, diarrhoea and pneumonia. The strategic role of the United Nations in shaping the future of global health requires focused attention on support for equitable access to health systems that deliver high-quality services within a coherent policy framework. 124. Further effort is needed to support the formulation by countries of coherent national health policies, strategies and plans and their implementation in keeping with the scale of national and global health challenges. The United Nations will continue to play an important role through advocacy, the development of guidelines and the provision of support to countries in the development of innovative models for reaching those in need. C. Countering terrorism 125. Terrorism is a major threat to international peace and security that calls for a firm and concerted global response. Mobilizing resources of the United Nations system to combat terrorism is crucial to that end, and the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force provides a key mechanism for doing so.

Report of the Secretary-General 126. In supporting the implementation of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, the Task Force has launched initiatives, developed specific recommendations and support activities and produced reports on supporting victims of terrorism, countering terrorist financing, countering the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes, and private-public partnerships for the protection of vulnerable targets. The Task Force, together with the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia, is assisting Member States in the region in developing an action plan on strategy implementation, with a particular focus on addressing conditions conducive to terrorism. It has also supported the International Criminal Police Organization in creating a Vulnerable Targets Referral Centre and an information system for the facilitation of enhanced information-sharing and the coordination of technical assistance delivery. 127. Counter-terrorism efforts must be systematically integrated into the broader agenda of international peace, security and development and must be in compliance with human rights, humanitarian and refugee law. In that spirit, and following the adoption of resolution 1904(2009), on the sanctions regime against Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden and the Taliban, the Secretary-General, on 14 July 2010, appointed an Ombudsperson mandated to consider delisting requests from individuals and groups named on the Consolidated List. 128. The support of Member States will be essential for the continued implementation of the CounterTerrorism Strategy. D. Disarmament and non-proliferation 129. The year 2010 is proving to be critical for defining the direction that disarmament and nonproliferation efforts will take. The international community has achieved some meaningful progress, particularly in the nuclear arena. Positive developments have included the signing, on 8 April, of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms by President Barack Obama and President Dmitry Medvedev, the declarations by the United States and the United Kingdom of the size of their nuclear-weapon stockpiles and the successful outcome of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (npt). At the latter, a plan of action was adopted to advance nuclear disarmament, non-proliferation and the peaceful uses of nuclear energy over the next five years. The agreement on forward-looking action halts years of deteriorating confidence in the Treaty regime. The SecretaryGeneral particularly welcomed the agreement on a

15 process leading to the full implementation of the 1995 resolution on the establishment of a Middle East zone free of weapons of mass destruction. In addition, the Final Document of the npt Review Conference noted the Secretary-General’s action plan for nuclear disarmament and addressed the benchmarks outlined therein. 130. Less positive, however, has been the lack of substantive progress on the part of the Conference on Disarmament. There has been no progress on the peaceful and negotiated denuclearization of the Korean peninsula through the Six-Party Talks. 131. Similarly, the issue involving the nuclear programme of the Islamic Republic of Iran remains a matter of concern. 132. It is clear that more needs to be done. Following the successful conclusion of the 2010 Review Conference, States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and relevant organizations need to start implementing the action plan now. A nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East must be pursued with increasing urgency. The universality of the Treaty must be achieved. The action plan specifically mandates the Secretary-General to convene a high-level meeting on the margins of the General Assembly so as to reinvigorate the Conference on Disarmament. 133. The Conference on Disarmament must begin to work without delay, in particular to commence negotiations and substantive deliberation on the main substantive issues. New efforts are also required to achieve the early entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism needs to be strengthened. 134. In the field of conventional arms, there have been some promising developments. In 2010, the Convention on Cluster Munitions entered into force. The United Nations will remain actively involved in all aspects of mine action and is firmly committed to continuing to support the implementation and universalization of the key humanitarian treaties, including the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, the Anti-personnel Mine Ban Convention and the Convention on Cluster Munitions, while seeking to strengthen synergies between them. 135. Importantly, in 2010 negotiations began within the United Nations on an arms trade treaty, to be concluded in 2012. Member States must develop a strong and robust treaty in order to counter the negative effects of unregulated arms transfers on regional stability, development and human rights. 136. The excessive accumulation and the easy availability of small arms and light weapons in zones of conflict and crime remain an issue of enduring concern. The recent initiative of the General Assembly to focus on the broader issue of armed violence, includ-

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

16 ing how it undermines development, is a promising development. 137. The Secretary-General has highlighted the close relationship between disarmament and other global challenges, stressing that “the world is over-armed and development is under-funded”. The Organization will work with Member States to maintain and reinvigorate effective disarmament and nonproliferation norms so that stability and security can prevail and so that the resources necessary to combat climate change and achieve the Millennium Development Goals are liberated.

Chapter IV Creating a stronger United Nations 138. Effective United Nations action across a wide range of issue areas is essential if the Organization is to attain its long-term objectives of delivering to those most in need and addressing the new set of twenty-first-century global challenges that confront the international community. The Organization must make an explicit effort to ensure that it takes action to modernize its processes, introduces cost-effective measures, and rewards excellence and achievement. It must also strive to ensure that the component parts of the Organization and of the United Nations system work well together, leveraging each other’s respective strengths. In addition, the future of the Organization will rest in part on its ability to forge strong working relationships with a variety of stakeholders, including regional organizations and civil society. For that reason, outreach and partnership-building are important elements of the Organization’s activities. A. The Secretariat, the intergovernmental machinery, system-wide coherence and cooperation with regional organizations 139. With a view to strengthening the Organization, the Secretary-General initiated a number of important changes in human resource policy, in budget planning and in the accountability framework. These included adopting a variety of measures to support women’s empowerment in the Organization and laying the groundwork for the establishment of a new gender entity. The Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly provided important platforms for stimulating discussion and forging consensus on a wide range of global concerns. Important progress was also made on system-wide coherence and the further strengthening of the Organization’s cooperation with regional organizations. 1. The Secretariat 140. In order to deliver results for people most in need, the Organization must be able to recruit and deploy staff members quickly and efficiently, and staff must continually learn and grow. To that end, the

Secretary-General is continuing to implement his human resources reform agenda, including by reducing the various types of employment contracts from 16 to 3, harmonizing conditions of service between staff in the field and those at Headquarters, and launching a new talent management system to modernize recruitment, performance management and staff learning and development. 141. As part of his efforts to strengthen the Organization, the Secretary-General has adopted various policies designed to empower and promote women working in the Secretariat. These complement the important initiatives he has championed to empower women in the context of war and internal conflict previously discussed: his seminal report on sexual violence in armed conflict (S/2009/362), his appointment of a Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict and his insistence on a zerotolerance policy regarding abuse and violence in peacekeeping missions. 142. More women have been appointed by the Secretary-General to senior United Nations posts than at any time in the history of the Organization, and the Secretary-General has overseen a gender balance strategy and action plan within the Secretariat to ensure managerial and departmental accountability with respect to gender balance targets. 143. At the end of 2009, the Secretary-General provided the General Assembly with a comprehensive proposal to create a new United Nations gender entity, consolidating current structures and enabling the United Nations to provide enhanced support to our national partners in a more effective manner. The Assembly endorsed the SecretaryGeneral’s proposal by adopting unanimously, on 2 July 2010, the landmark resolution 64/289 on system-wide coherence. In the resolution, the Assembly, inter alia, called for the merging of the four parts of the United Nations system dealing with women’s issues into one composite gender entity, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, to be known as UNWomen. The Assembly also called for the appointment of an Under-Secretary-General to head the new body, and for the establishment of an executive board to provide intergovernmental support for and supervision of its operational activities. The Beijing Platform of Action, adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women, will serve as the framework for the new body’s work. 144. A more strategic and effective budget is critical to identifying the results that must be delivered within a given time period and to determining whether or not goals have been achieved. To improve the presentation of the budget, the Secretary-General engaged in a dialogue with Member States that ex-

Report of the Secretary-General plored various scenarios for ways in which to modify the format of budgetary documents and identified several options for further consideration. That important dialogue needs to continue, as the Secretariat requires a budget process that is less cumbersome and provides more flexibility to managers in the utilization of resources. Such flexibility should go hand in hand with increased accountability. 145. The Organization’s service delivery and resource management will improve dramatically through the Umoja reform initiative, aimed at enterprise resource planning, and the introduction of International Public Sector Accounting Standards. Umoja will modernize the Secretariat’s business practices, upgrade staff skills and put in place a single, integrated information system. The endeavour will enhance transparency and support improved performance monitoring and reporting of results, linked to objectives and resource usage. In anticipation of significant annual capacity improvements and cost recovery, the General Assembly endorsed the Secretary-General’s proposal that Umoja be deployed through the “pilot first” strategy, which will provide the fastest and least expensive path towards benefit realization. 146. Progress on the Capital Master Plan is providing modern facilities to support the delivery of results. During the reporting period, offices and staff were moved to swing spaces with precision and efficiency, the North Lawn Building was inaugurated, the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council were successfully relocated, construction continued in the basements, and renovation work commenced in the Secretariat and Conference buildings. 147. The most fundamental way to ensure the efficient delivery of results for those most in need is to have in place effective systems for internal control and to strengthen accountability within the Organization and between the Secretariat and Member States. To that end, the Secretary-General completed the agenda for procurement reform during the reporting period by submitting reports on procurement governance and sustainable procurement, to be further considered by the General Assembly at its sixty-fifth session. The Secretary-General’s most urgent priorities for the remainder of 2010 and for next year are to strengthen personal accountability, promote a culture of results-based management, institute proactive risk management, and continue to analyse and monitor the implementation of the recommendations of oversight bodies in order to draw lessons for continued management improvement. 2. Intergovernmental machinery 148. In 2010, the Security Council has focused its agenda on intra-State conflicts, threats of terrorism, nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament

17 and, increasingly, the security implications of transnational organized crime and drug trafficking. The Economic and Social Council has focused on the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals and has advanced accountability for global development commitments. Its annual ministerial review on gender equality and women’s empowerment brought together Governments, the private sector and civil society at a number of events throughout the year. The Secretary-General’s participation and his strong advocacy on behalf of women and public health built a greater sense of engagement. The 2010 session of the multi-stakeholder Development Cooperation Forum of the Economic and Social Council focused on increasing aid flows and quality, and policy coherence. The Forum process permitted an open debate among Member States, civil society, the private sector, parliamentarians and local Governments on promoting and improving development cooperation for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. 149. The General Assembly has been engaged in intensive preparations for its High-level Plenary Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals to be held at United Nations Headquarters in September. Important inputs on ways to strengthen the implementation of the global development agenda have been provided through the Assembly’s highlevel dialogues on “Water for Life” and financing for development, as well as through various informal meetings convened by the Assembly with the United Nations system, academia, civil society and the private sector. 150. The Secretary-General has increased his personal interaction with the intergovernmental bodies through numerous exchanges. In the case of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General briefed Member States on issues ranging from the meetings of the Group of 20 and the Quartet to the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, as well as the natural disasters in Haiti and Chile. 3. System-wide coherence 151. On 2 July 2010, the General Assembly unanimously adopted the landmark resolution 64/289 on system-wide coherence, which brought to a close a major intergovernmental process that had begun at the sixty-first session. In the resolution, the Assembly, in addition to deciding to establish a composite gender entity, adopted a number of important decisions in other areas of the system-wide coherence process. These included: introducing a new approach to determining the level of “critical mass” of core funding for funds and programmes; strengthening the participation of national policymakers of programme countries in meetings of the executive boards of the funds

18 and programmes and the operational activities segment of the Economic and Social Council; enhancing the training of delegates of the permanent missions of Member States on the roles and responsibilities of governing bodies; inviting the President and the Bureau of the Council to convene informal coordination meetings with the governing bodies responsible for United Nations operational activities for development; requesting the Secretary-General, under the auspices of the Council, to prepare and put in place periodic surveys on operational activities for development, addressed to Governments of programme countries; and requesting the Secretary-General to commission a comprehensive review of the existing institutional framework for the system-wide evaluation of operational activities for development. 152. In the resolution, the Assembly approved a modality for countries to submit a common country programme document on a voluntary basis, which represented another significant step forward in improving the coherence of the United Nations development activities. In addition, the Assembly welcomed the intergovernmental meetings of countries implementing the “Delivering as one” approach held in Kigali in October 2009 and in Hanoi in June 2010. In the outcome documents of those meetings, the countries implementing “Delivering as one” affirmed that the approach had added value by providing renewed Government leadership to United Nations programmes and better alignment with national priorities, and had brought enhanced coherence and effectiveness to United Nations support. The Assembly also encouraged the Secretary-General to proceed with the independent evaluation of lessons learned from the “Delivering as one” pilots, with a report to be submitted to the Assembly at its sixty-sixth session. 153. During the reporting period, the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination, through its three pillars, continued to advance a coordinated and collective approach to common United Nations system objectives. Noteworthy in that regard are the development of a coordinated United Nations system approach to climate change and the support provided to countries preparing United Nations Development Assistance Frameworks. Furthermore, in 2010, the Chairs of the High-level Committee on Management and the United Nations Development Group deployed a joint high-level mission to several countries to identify and address country-level bottlenecks in the area of business practice harmonization. 4. Cooperation with regional organizations

154. Today’s crises and challenges require multifaceted solutions, making cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations more vital than ever. The Secretary-General’s retreat with

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 heads of regional and other organizations in January 2010 provided an important forum in which to discuss joint strategies for preventing and resolving conflict. Participants explored intensifying cooperation with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the League of Arab States, the Organization of the Islamic Conference and the Caribbean Community. 155. In Africa, efforts to strengthen our partnership with the African Union within the framework of the Ten-Year Capacity-Building Programme included: strengthening the capacity of the secretariat of the African Union Peace and Security Council, collaborating on the establishment of the African Union Democracy and Electoral Assistance Unit, and supporting the development of a mediation strategy for Africa. The United Nations also engaged with the African Union to increase awareness about the importance of integrating a gender perspective into conflict resolution. In order to enhance further strategic partnerships with the African Union, the Organization’s presence in Addis Ababa has been restructured. Specifically, the United Nations has established the United Nations Office to the African Union, headed by an Assistant SecretaryGeneral. The Organization continues to work closely with the African Union and the Economic Community of West African States to encourage an early return to constitutional order in Guinea and the Niger. In addition, the Organization has deployed several of its staff to the Southern African Development Community secretariat in Gaborone and to the Economic Community of Central African States to assist in building the mediation and early warning capacities of those subregional organizations. 156. Desk-to-desk dialogues continued with the European Union, the Organization of American States and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and a joint mediation training programme was conducted with the latter. Looking ahead, cooperative efforts with relevant regional organizations will be important in assisting the Government of Haiti in rebuilding after the 12 January 2010 earthquake. B. Global constituencies

157. Civil society, the business community and academia are essential partners in our work to achieve the goals of the United Nations, particularly the Millennium Development Goals. Across the Organization, partnerships are a common and increasingly sophisticated mechanism for addressing priority challenges. Over the past year, the United Nations has made important strides in expanding the geographic and demographic diversity of its audiences and in leveraging the contributions of civil society in its work.

Report of the Secretary-General 1. Strengthening partnerships with civil society 158. The Organization is actively reaching out to civil society and encouraging increased citizen engagement in the formulation and implementation of international policy. It is employing both traditional means of outreach and more innovative techniques, including the use of new media tools that help to inform and inspire the next generation of the global citizenry. 159. The past year saw a dynamic collaboration between representatives of civil society and the United Nations on climate change, disarmament and women’s empowerment. The international community joined together in support of the “Seal the Deal!” campaign, a communications effort that helped to create massive global awareness of climate change as one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. More than 1,300 people, representing 55 countries and 340 non-governmental organizations, came together for the 62nd Annual Conference of the Department of Public Information for NonGovernmental Organizations, on the theme “For peace and development: disarm now!”, which was hosted by the Government of Mexico in Mexico City from 9 to 11 September. Non-governmental organizations participated in record numbers in the fiftyfourth session of the Commission on the Status of Women, commemorating the fifteenth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women. A special event of the Economic and Social Council on smart philanthropy catalysed engagement by the private sector, foundations and civil society in the area of women’s economic empowerment. 160. It is hoped that the same energy that civil society brought to these issues will be directed at making the September Summit on the Millennium Development Goals and its outcome a success. 161. It is heartening to note that the overall number of non-governmental organizations associated with the Organization continues to increase. This suggests not only that the Organization’s outreach and communications are having an impact, but also, and more important, that mutual interest and respect exist between the two constituencies. The informed and active participation of civil society in the work of the United Nations is essential to making a difference in the lives of ordinary people. 2. Engaging the business community 162. Significant efforts have been made to enhance engagement with the business community. The revised Guidelines on cooperation between the United Nations and the business sector and the United Nations-Business website are milestones and essential to the modernization of the Organi-

19 zation. The Guidelines, issued on 20 November 2009, help staff to develop effective partnerships while ensuring the Organization’s integrity and independence. Launched on 14 January 2010, business.un.org is the first online gateway to match business resources with the needs of the Organization with respect to humanitarian crises and longterm partnerships. 163. Important contributions were made by business to advance United Nations objectives. On 24 and 25 June 2010, the Secretary-General chaired the third Global Compact Leaders Summit, where hundreds of companies showcased work that is advancing development. The Summit launched many initiatives that are contributing to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, including the Women’s Empowerment Principles, anti-corruption reporting guidance and an environmental stewardship framework. Two Global Compact initiatives, Caring for Climate and the ceo Water Mandate, continue to bring business solutions to these critical areas. 164. Looking ahead, encouraging corporate action in support of United Nations goals will remain a priority. The Organization must scale up this work by further building its capacity to partner with business and by facilitating greater collaboration among partners, including business, civil society, academia and local governments.

Chapter V Conclusion 165. The Organization is more than just a collection of buildings, a sequence of meetings, a set of reports and consultations or even a set of principles and programmes. Fundamentally, the Organization is about its people and the passion and commitment that they bring to the work of the United Nations. 166. While the past year brought some important successes and achievements, it also brought tremendous losses in the work and life of the Organization. The United Nations lost more of its dedicated staff than ever before in its 65-year history. The relatives, friends and colleagues of those who gave their lives in the service of the United Nations should know this: the Organization will not waver from the ideals that they served. Their sacrifice will not be forgotten, and it will not have been in vain. The responsibility is now on those who remain to work tirelessly to reinvigorate and support the mission of the United Nations, for which colleagues gave their lives.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

20 Annex Millennium Development Goals, targets and indicators, 2010: statistical tables Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

a The poverty gap ratio measures the magnitude of poverty. It is the result of multiplying the proportion of people who live below the poverty line (at $1.25 PPP per day) by the difference between the poverty line and the average income of the population living under the poverty line. b High-income economies, as defined by the World Bank, are excluded.

Indicator 1.3

Target 1.A Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day

Share of poorest quintile in national consumptiona,b

Indicator 1.1

Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2005

Proportion of population living below $1.25 purchasing power parity (PPP) per day a,b (Percentage) Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Percentage)

1990

1999

2005

45.7 4.5 57.5 11.3 28.8 10.5 60.1 49.5 44.6 39.2 2.2 — 2.7

33.0 4.4 58.3 10.9 25.4 10.2 35.6 42.2 35.3 35.3 4.1 — 7.8

26.6 2.6 50.9 8.2 25.8 7.4 15.9 38.6 30.7 18.9 5.8 — 5.3

6.3

22.3

19.2

1.6 0.1 63.3 49.1 32.4

3.0 1.9 60.4 50.7 27.7

0.3 0.5 53.4 42.8 27.5

a High-income economies, as defined by the World Bank, are excluded. b Estimates by the World Bank, March 2010.

Indicator 1.2 Poverty gap ratioa,b (Percentage) Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990

1999

15.6 0.8 26.3 3.9 13.4 3.5 20.7 14.5 14.2 11.1 0.6 — 0.9 2.1 0.5 0.0 27.5 21.9 14.4

11.6 8.0 0.8 0.5 25.8 20.7 3.8 2.8 12.7 12.8 3.4 2.3 11.1 4.0 11.2 9.8 9.9 8.1 9.6 4.2 1.0 1.5 — — 2.5 1.5 7.5 5.4 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.2 24.7 19.9 20.2 15.5 12.3 11.9

2005

6.1 3.6 2.9 4.3 7.4 5.7 6.2 7.0 8.2

a High-income economies, as defined by the World Bank, are excluded. b No new global or regional data are available. Data presented are from 2008 report (A/63/1).

Target 1.B

Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

Indicator 1.4 Growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) per person employed

(a) Annual growth rate of GDP per person employed (Percentage) 1998 2009 a

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.9 0.5 1.3 –0.9 0.2 3.2 2.3 –8.5 0.0 –5.6 –2.3 0.5 –2.1 1.7 0.4 1.3 –0.3 –0.4

–2.1 0.6 1.0 –1.8 –3.4 5.4 1.9 –1.7 –1.5 –1.3 –5.2 –0.4 –5.4 –1.2 –3.2 0.7 –0.9 –2.8

Preliminary data.

(b) GDP per person employed (2005 United States dollars (PPP)) 1998

2009 a

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 457 21 172 Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 816 11 559 Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 806 18 368 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 381 5 135 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 170 22 214 Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 370 11 952 Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 030 7 794 South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 744 9 089

Report of the Secretary-General

Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1998

2009 a

33 084 5 954 12 875 6 453

39 559 5 564 21 181 11 886

14 695 61 156 15 490 2 062 3 519 20 926

24 399 69 841 25 150 2 974 4 828 23 846

Preliminary data.

Indicator 1.5

Employment-to-population ratio (a) Total (Percentage) World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991

2000 2009 a

62.2 64.2 43.9 63.5 56.3 74.5 57.6 68.0 48.6 65.5 57.9

61.2 62.9 43.4 64.1 57.9 73.1 56.0 66.5 46.4 66.3 54.0

60.4 61.7 46.0 64.9 60.0 69.8 55.4 65.6 44.3 66.8 56.9

57.4

55.7

59.3

58.0 56.5

53.6 56.5

56.1 55.3

53.4 70.7 66.1 54.8

51.9 69.3 66.0 56.6

47.7 69.0 68.3 57.7

Preliminary data. (b) Men, women and youth, 2009a a

(Percentage)

Men Women Youth

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preliminary data.

72.8 75.5 70.1 74.5 74.3 75.4 77.2 77.6 66.4 71.2 62.9

48.0 47.8 22.2 55.5 46.5 64.0 32.5 53.9 20.4 62.4 51.8

65.6

53.4 38.6

61.9 62.9

51.3 32.8 48.1 41.0

55.0 79.3 76.6 69.8

40.8 58.9 60.4 45.8

44.2 45.0 29.4 49.0 43.6 53.9 41.2 43.6 26.0 52.8 34.9

24.1 55.9 55.0 43.0

Indicator 1.6 Proportion of employed people living below $1.25 (PPP) per day (Percentage) 1991 2000 2009 a

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a

42.9 56.3 6.4 66.8 12.7 67.4 60.9 53.5 8.7 51.6 4.6

32.6 41.3 5.5 66.1 12.9 36.5 53.3 41.8 8.6 47.4 7.7

24.8 30.7 4.3 63.5 8.5 12.6 51.3 27.6 11.5 49.7 5.6

16.2 25.5 21.3 1.7 0.0

2.6 0.0

0.2 0.0

0.6 0.9 0.6 70.5 70.7 65.8 57.7 58.7 52.5 17.1 20.4 24.0

Forecast.

Indicator 1.7 Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment

(a) Both sexes (Percentage) 1991 2000 2009 a

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55.4 69.2 36.7 82.7 35.4 69.2 81.5 68.9 42.4 72.4 13.0

52.8 64.0 31.5 81.0 34.4 59.0 79.8 64.8 33.2 74.1 20.5

50.6 60.2 33.9 76.6 31.9 53.3 76.6 61.3 28.5 78.6 18.7

43.0 49.8 44.0 5.3 12.0 10.0 12.1 11.0 10.6 23.3 87.2 74.2 33.5

34.1 85.0 76.9 37.3

28.5 82.9 73.6 39.6

Forecast.

(b) Men (Percentage) 1991 2000 2009 a

53.0 64.7 32.9 78.1 34.8 63.1

51.3 60.8 28.2 76.4 34.6 54.4

49.4 57.3 27.7 70.6 32.3 49.5

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

22 1991 2000 2009 a

Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a

77.8 64.3 36.2 67.3

76.7 73.6 61.1 58.3 29.3 26.1 68.4 73.1

14.7 21.2 20.2 46.9 50.6 45.2 6.0 12.3 12.0 11.6

11.0 11.8

21.6 83.0 71.9 32.4

30.2 79.2 70.0 39.8

33.2 80.4 73.9 36.9

Forecast.

(c) Women (Percentage) World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries in South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a

1991

2000 2009 a

59.2 76.7 49.9 89.0 36.5 76.7 90.9 75.1 62.9 79.1 11.1

55.1 69.3 42.3 87.3 34.1 64.7 88.1 69.9 47.3 80.9 19.7

52.3 64.7 53.3 84.3 31.3 57.8 83.9 65.4 36.8 84.9 17.2

38.4 48.8 42.6 4.5 11.7 12.3 10.2

8.9 9.1

25.4 35.1 26.4 92.9 91.2 87.7 77.2 80.7 78.0 35.5 37.8 39.2

Forecast.

Target 1.C Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Indicator 1.8 Prevalence of underweight children under 5 years of age

(a) Total (Percentage) 1990 2008

Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31 11 31 11 17 12 51 49 37 14 —

26 7 27 6 7 6 46 35 25 14 —

(b) By sex, 2003–2008 (Percentage)

Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . .

Boys

Girls

Boyto-girl ratio

28 — 28 8 — 10 46 42 25 20 — 5 7

29 — 26 7 — 11 49 46 25 19 — 5 7

0.97 — 1.08 1.14 — 0.93 0.94 0.92 1.00 1.05 — 1.00 1.00

— 3

— — 3 1.13

Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . .

32 8 30 12 9 6 50 39 27 21 — — 8 3

18 6 19 5 2 7 39 47 21 8 — — 5 3

(d) By household wealth, 2003–2008 (Percentage) Poorest Richest quintile quintile

Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . .

43 10 34 — — 8 60 54 — — — — 9

19 5 17 — — 4 26 29 — — — — 4

Indicator 1.9 Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (Percentage) 1990– 2000– 2005– 1992 2002 2007

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regionsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a

16 20 <5 31

14 16 <5 30

13 16 <5 26

Report of the Secretary-General

23 1990– 2000– 2005– 1992 2002 2007

Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . 6b Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16b Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . <5b Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <5 Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <5 Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

10 10 13 20 23 17 8 — 7

9 10 12 21 23 14 7 — <5

<5 <5

<5 36 30 21

<5 32 26 21

Includes countries/territories in Oceania. Refers to 1993–1995.

Target 2.A

Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

Indicator 2.1

Net enrolment ratio in primary education (a) Totala 1991

2000 2008

82.2 79.9 80.2 53.4 85.8 97.5 98.1 75.3 64.1 94.0 82.1 — 90.3 85.9

84.3 82.6 88.0 60.3 94.1 94.4 97.6 80.0 68.5 93.6 83.3 — 90.5 95.2

89.6 88.8 94.4 76.4 94.9 96.0 98.0 89.7 76.3 94.7 88.0 — 93.4 94.0

92.5 86.8 93.0 97.1 97.5 96.1 52.3 59.5 78.8 55.1 65.4 81.6 71.2 80.1 75.8

a Primary- and secondary-level enrolees of official primary school age per 100 children of the same age. Ratios correspond to school years ending in the years for which data are presented.

(b) By sexa 1991 2000 2008 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States . . . . .

86.9 73.3 90.7 85.2 96.3 92.5 58.0 48.8 63.9 56.6 78.3 74.5 85.4 99.9 98.1 83.4 71.7 96.0 87.1 —

86.3 94.9 98.2 66.7 56.2 91.9 76.9 —

93.7 93.4 98.1 86.7 73.7 94.9 87.8 —

94.4 95.4 97.0 72.8 63.1 92.2 78.6 —

95.1 94.2 98.3 91.7 78.8 95.5 90.7 —

94.8 98.1 97.7 87.5 73.7 93.8 85.3 —

91.0 89.7 90.8 90.1 93.5 93.4 87.6 84.2 95.5 95.0 94.7 93.3 92.7 97.3 57.8 60.9 71.9

92.4 96.8 46.8 49.2 70.4

87.2 97.5 63.0 69.9 81.2

86.3 97.5 56.0 60.7 79.0

92.6 95.8 80.7 84.2 76.3

93.5 96.4 76.7 79.1 75.1

a Primary- and secondary-level enrolees of official primary school age per 100 children of the same age. Ratios correspond to school years ending in the years for which data are presented.

Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 2000 2008 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls

86.1 78.0 87.0 81.5 90.6 88.6 84.4 75.1 85.6 79.4 89.9 87.6

Indicator 2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary school

(a) Totala 1991

2000

2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.6 Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.2 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.5 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . 84.2 Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.2 Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.5 Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.7 Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . 82.8 Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.8 Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.4 Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3

82.1 79.5 81.1 52.0 97.5 97.9 97.8 69.3 62.3 92.4 78.9 63.7 94.3

88.1 86.7 96.3 63.8 101.0 96.0 96.9 85.4 66.2 98.7 88.2 67.0 97.3

94.8

99.1

94.0 99.1 45.8 54.9 76.0

96.0 97.8 58.7 64.5 78.9

Primary completion rates correspond to school years ending in the years for which data are presented. Since there are no regional averages for the official indicator, the table displays the gross intake ratio at last grade of primary, which corresponds to the “total number of new entrants in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the theoretical entrance age to the last grade” (Global Education Digest 2009: Comparing Education Statistics Across the World (Montreal, Canada, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (unesco) Institute for Statistics, 2009), annex B, p. 255). a

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

24 (b) By sexa

(b) By sexa 1991 2000 2008 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . Small island developing States . . . . . .

82.0 79.5 80.1 55.8 84.5 96.1

74.1 69.8 64.6 45.9 86.1 91.5

84.9 82.8 84.2 57.0 97.1 97.9

79.2 89.6 86.9 76.2 88.6 85.3 77.9 99.4 93.0 47.9 69.3 59.8 97.8101.8 103.0 97.8 94.6 97.8

93.9 73.5 60.5 89.3 83.0 63.4

94.0 54.6 49.7 87.9 72.6 55.8

97.8 75.8 66.4 92.7 83.5 65.9

97.6 62.3 58.1 92.1 74.1 59.0

97.9 87.3 68.2 98.8 92.6 70.1

95.8 83.4 64.2 98.7 83.7 61.4

91.4 91.3 94.0 93.4 95.7 95.1 85.7 85.0 97.4 96.1 99.4 97.9 94.0 96.5 45.0 53.7 64.8

94.2 98.0 34.6 44.5 64.7

92.0 99.3 50.4 60.5 75.8

91.8 98.9 42.1 49.9 75.8

92.9 97.2 62.8 68.1 79.3

92.9 98.2 56.1 60.7 78.1

a Primary completion rates correspond to school years ending in the years for which data are presented. Since there are no regional averages for the official indicator, the table displays the gross intake ratio at last grade of primary, which corresponds to the “total number of new entrants in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the theoretical entrance age to the last grade” (Global Education Digest 2009: Comparing Education Statistics Across the World (Montreal, Canada, unesco Institute for Statistics, 2009), annex B, p. 255).

Indicator 2.3

1985–1994 1995–2004 2005–2008 Men Women Men Women Men Women

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries Small island developing States . . . .

87.7 85.3 77.4 72.9

78.6 74.2 57.7 58.3

90.2 88.5 85.2 75.6

83.8 80.6 73.3 62.3

91.7 90.3 89.8 76.8

86.4 84.1 82.2 67.1

91.5 92.0 95.8 96.5 96.7 97.2 97.1 91.9 99.2 98.6 99.4 99.2 99.3 99.5 99.2 99.5 99.3 99.7 71.6 48.3 81.1 65.6 85.7 73.3 66.9 95.5 93.6 76.6

46.0 93.5 81.6 66.1

73.9 96.6 95.6 76.1

60.8 96.1 88.1 71.5

79.7 96.3 95.6 72.0

71.0 95.8 89.8 74.1

99.7 99.8 99.7 99.8 99.7 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.9 99.8 99.8 99.7 99.1 64.2 67.6 87.3

99.8 99.6 47.6 56.1 83.3

99.7 99.0 72.2 74.6 88.0

99.8 99.6 58.9 62.2 86.2

99.6 99.5 74.5 77.6 87.2

99.8 99.6 65.5 66.3 87.7

a The regional averages presented in this table are calculated using a weighted average of the latest available observed data point for each country or territory for the reference period. Unesco Institute for Statistics estimates have been used for countries with missing data.

Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women Target 3.A Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

Literacy rate of 15- to 24-year-olds, women and men (a) Totala (Percentage who can both read and write) 1985– 1995– 2005– 1994 2004 2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Percentage who can both read and write)

83.3 79.8 67.8 65.4 91.8 94.6 99.4 60.3 56.4 94.5 87.8 71.4 99.8 99.8

87.1 84.6 79.3 68.6 96.2 98.9 99.4 73.7 67.3 96.3 91.9 73.9 99.8 99.8

89.0 87.2 86.1 71.9 96.9 99.3 99.5 79.3 75.4 96.1 92.7 73.0 99.8 99.8

99.7 99.6 55.7 61.6 85.3

99.7 99.6 65.3 68.1 87.1

99.7 99.6 69.9 71.8 87.4

Indicator 3.1

Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education a (a) Primary

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using gross enrolment ratios.

1991

2000

2008

0.89 0.87 0.82 0.84 0.98 0.92 1.00 0.76 0.74 0.97 0.87 0.90 1.00

0.92 0.91 0.91 0.85 0.97 1.02 0.99 0.83 0.80 0.97 0.88 0.90 0.99

0.97 0.96 0.94 0.91 0.97 1.04 0.99 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.92 0.89 0.99

0.99

0.98

1.00 0.99 0.80 0.83 0.96

0.99 0.99 0.84 0.83 0.96

1.00 1.00 0.92 0.92 0.95

Report of the Secretary-General

a (b) Secondary

1990 2000 2005 2008 1991 2000 2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.84 0.76 0.79 0.77 1.07 0.77 0.96 0.60 0.63 0.90 0.70 0.84 1.02

0.92 0.89 0.94 0.81 1.07 0.94 0.99 0.76 0.88 0.97 0.78 0.91 1.01

0.96 0.95 0.98 0.79 1.08 1.05 0.99 0.87 0.91 1.03 0.86 0.87 0.98

0.96 0.98 0.98 1.05 1.01 0.58 0.84 1.07

1.02 1.01 0.80 0.84 1.04

0.98 1.00 0.81 0.85 1.02

Using gross enrolment ratios.

a (c) Tertiary

1991 2000 2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.90 0.67 0.57 0.50 0.95 0.51 0.54 0.49 0.34 0.85 0.67 0.54 1.22 1.01

0.99 0.83 0.76 0.70 1.16 0.70 0.63 0.67 0.71 0.98 0.82 0.83 1.22 0.92

1.08 0.97 0.95 0.67 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.76 0.92 1.07 0.92 0.84 1.30 1.07

1.28 1.07 0.36 0.84 1.17

1.28 1.19 0.60 0.78 1.30

1.34 1.29 0.58 0.85 1.56

Using gross enrolment ratios.

Indicator 3.2 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector (Percentage of employees) 1990 2000 2005 2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35.2 31.2 19.3 23.5 36.3 38.1 40.1 13.2 14.5 35.5 16.5 33.3

37.6 33.8 19.0 28.2 40.3 39.6 42.3 17.2 18.4 37.3 18.8 35.6

38.5 34.7 18.7 30.5 41.4 40.6 43.2 18.0 17.9 37.1 19.5 35.1

39.2 35.5 19.2 32.4 42.4 41.2 44.0 19.2 19.1 38.1 20.1 36.0

Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48.7 50.1 50.9 50.6 44.3 44.7 45.5 45.2 49.6 51.2 52.1 51.8 43.4 45.5 46.3 46.8

Indicator 3.3 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliamenta (Percentage)

1990 2000 2005 2010 b

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . .

12.8 10.4 2.6 7.2 11.9 22.1 8.6 20.2 17.8 5.7 5.9 10.4 4.6 1.2 —

12.5 10.8 2.1 9.1 14.8 19.9 12.9 19.9 14.6 6.7 5.6 9.7 4.7 3.4 7.3

—

7.1

15.6 13.9 5.4 14.2 19.0 26.0 16.4 19.4 17.2 8.8 9.0 15.5 5.0 3.0 10.2

19.0 17.6 9.0 18.4 22.7 29.4 20.1 19.5 14.5 18.2 20.1 19.3 9.4 2.5 14.6

9.9 15.1

— 7.5 10.5 14.2 16.3 17.5 20.9 23.5 27.8 8.4 7.2 7.3 14.0 7.7 15.5 13.3

15.0 13.0 13.4 18.3

18.3 19.1 21.6 21.0

Single or lower house only. As at 31 January 2010. Goal 4 a

Reduce child mortality Target 4.A

Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-5 mortality rate

Indicator 4.1

Under-5 mortality ratea 1990 2000 2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe

90 78 65 100 86 72 80 46 29 184 166 144 52 33 23 45 36 21 32 28 27 121 97 74 132 105 85 73 50 38 66 44 32 76 66 60 46 39 25 78 62 39 26 23 14 12 8 6 30 19 12

Deaths of children before reaching age 5 per 1,000 live births.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

26 Indicator 4.2

1990 2005

Infant mortality ratea 1990 2000 2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . 38 Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . 64 Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . 24

54 59 38 98 28 29 22 71 78 37 35 50 33 52

45 49 25 86 19 18 21 56 64 29 26 46 22 34

19 6 16

12 5 10

Deaths of children under age 1 per 1,000 live births.

Indicator 4.3 Proportion of 1-year-old children immunized against measlesa (Percentage) 1990 2000 2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe

73 71 85 57 76 98 95 57 60 70 79 70 85 — 85 84 93

72 70 93 55 92 85 88 58 68 80 84 68 95 93 97 91 93

83 81 92 72 93 94 95 75 87 88 83 58 96 93 98 93 95

a Children aged 12–23 months who received at least one dose of measles vaccine.

Goal 5 Improve maternal health Target 5.A

Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Indicator 5.1

Maternal mortality ratioa,b 1990 2005

430 480 250 920 180 95 — 620 —

400 450 160 900 130 50 170 490 570

South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

450 190 550 58 11 900

300 160 430 51 9 870

Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. No new global or regional data are available. Data presented are from 2008 report (A/63/1). a

Indicator 5.2

Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (Percentage) Around Around 1990 2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbeana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . .

58 53 46 41 72 94 97 30 25 46 62 54 97 93

66 63 80 46 86 98 100 45 41 75 78 57 98 97

99 99 98

99 99 99

Includes only deliveries in health-care institutions.

Target 5.B

Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

Indicator 5.3

Contraceptive prevalence ratea (Percentage) 1990 2007

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55 52 44 12 62 54 63 78 74 40 30 48 46 28 61 54 63 70 60 17 25 50

Among women aged 15–49 who are married or in union.

63 62 60 22 72 62 72 86 76 54 49 62 55 28 70 56 76 71 58 31 33 54

Report of the Secretary-General

Indicator 5.4

Indicator 5.6

Adolescent birth ratea

Unmet need for family planninga 1990 2007

60 48 65 52 43 31 124 121 91 74 81 67 92 74 15 5 4 3 89 53 123 71 53 44 62 53 83 61 52 29 45 29 55 29 29 23 48 30 133 121 106 104 77 63

Births per 1,000 women aged 15–19 years.

Indicator 5.5

Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit and at least four visits)

(a) At least one visita (Percentage)

Around Around 1990 2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . .

64 64 46 67 79 80 48 22 72 53 — 90

80 80 78 76 94 91 70 58 93 79 — 96

a Proportion of women aged 15–49 years who received antenatal care during pregnancy from skilled health personnel, at least once. (b) At least four visitsa

(Percentage)

2003–2009 b

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47 47 58 44 84 — 36 34 75 — 56

Proportion of women aged 15–49 years who received antenatal care during pregnancy from any provider (skilled or unskilled), at least four times. b Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. a

(Percentage) World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990

2007

13.2 13.7 19.5 26.5 15.8 19.7 15.6 3.3 18.2 24.3 15.1 15.7 — 14.4 15.2 26.1 24.6

11.2 11.4 9.9 24.8 10.5 20.1 9.9 2.3 14.7 20.7 10.9 12.2 — 13.4 15.0 24.4 24.8

a Among women, married or in union, of reproductive age (aged 15–49 years).

Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Target 6.A

Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

Indicator 6.1

HIV prevalence among population aged 15–24 years (Percentage) 1990 Estimated adult (15–49) HIV prevalence

Developing regions . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2002

Adults Estimated adult (15+) living (15–49) HIV with HIV prevawho are lence women

2008

Adults Estimated adult (15+) living (15–49) HIV with HIV prevawho are lence women

Adults (15+) living with HIV who are women

0.3 <0.1 1.9

51 28 57

0.9 <0.1 5.3

53 30 58

0.8 0.1 4.7

53 31 58

0.3 1.1 0.3 <0.1

29 46 24 29

0.6 1.1 0.6 0.1

32 52 30 27

0.6 1.1 0.6 0.1

33 53 31 27

<0.1 <0.1

29 31

0.0 0.3

30 42

0.0 0.2

31 43

<0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1

23 43 29 29

0.1 0.3 0.1 0.6

28 44 30 30

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.9

29 40 30 30

0.1

0.6

0.8

<0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1 0.2

43 15

0.8 0.4

43 20

1.0 0.4

44 21

<0.1

0.1

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

28 1990 Estimated adult (15–49) HIV prevalence

Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . .

2002

Adults Estimated adult (15+) living (15–49) HIV with HIV prevawho are lence women

Indicator 6.4

2008

Adults Estimated adult (15+) living (15–49) HIV with HIV prevawho are lence women

Adults (15+) living with HIV who are women

1.4

2.0

1.8

2.5

3.8

3.1

0.6

0.8

Indicator 6.2

Condom use at last high-risk sex, a 2003–2008b Women Number of countries covered by surveys

Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbeanc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asiac . . .

Men

Percentage Number who used of a condom countries at last covered high-risk sex by surveys

Percentage who used a condom at last high-risk sex

49 37

27 35

38 29

43 48

10 1

49 22

— 2

— 38

—

Percentage of young women and men aged 15–24 years reporting the use of a condom during sexual intercourse with a non-regular (non-marital and non-cohabiting) sexual partner in the last 12 months, among those who had such a partner in the last 12 months. b Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. c Data refer to the most recent year available during the period 2002–2008. a

Indicator 6.3 Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS, a 2003–2008 b Women

Men

Percentage Percentage Number who have Number who have of compreof comprecountries hensive countries hensive knowlcovered by knowlcovered by surveys surveys edge edge

Worldc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regionsc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . .

87 69 3 38 4 3 5

19 19 8 24 17 7 22

45 39 1 28 3 — 3

31 31 18 33 34 — 17

—

Percentage of young women and men aged 15–24 years who correctly identify the two major ways of preventing the sexual transmission of hiv (using condoms and limiting sex to one faithful, uninfected partner), who reject two common local misconceptions and who know that a healthy-looking person can transmit the aids virus. b Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. c Excludes China. a

Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-orphans aged 10–14 years, a 2003–2008b Number of School countries attendance with data ratio

Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44 33 2 3

0.81 0.93 0.73 0.84

a Ratio of the current school attendance rate of children aged 10–14 years both of whose biological parents have died, to the current school attendance rate of children aged 10–14 years both of whose parents are still alive and who currently live with at least one biological parent. b Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.

Target 6.B

Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it

Indicator 6.5

Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugsa,b (Percentage) 2005 2006 2007 2008

Developing regionsc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia and Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 27 14 46 10 <1 7 2 28 — 4 6

24 31 22 47 14 <1 12 3 37 — 8 11

33 37 33 50 15 <1 21 7 50 — 13 13

42 40 43 54 19 1 31 10 57 — 20 23

4 13 16 22

8 23 27 30

13 35 38 42

20 46 53 52

Receiving antiretroviral therapy. High-income economies, as defined by the World Bank, are excluded. c Values for developing regions include two countries from Western Asia. a

Target 6.C

Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Indicator 6.6 Incidence and death rates associated with malaria (a) Incidencea World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71 0 294 8 11 7 <1 6 13

Report of the Secretary-General

Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13 26 4 173 <1 182 201 92

Number of new cases per 1,000 population, 2008, in malaria endemic countries. a

(b) Deathsa All Children ages under 5

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <0.5 Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <0.5 Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . <0.5 Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

192 0 587 2 8 1 <0.5 0 7 8 14 3 100 <0.5 391 397 101

a Number of deaths per 100,000 population, 2008, in malaria endemic countries.

Indicator 6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets, 2006–2009

(a) Total (Percentage) Sub-Saharan Africa (33 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20a

Data for a subset of 26 countries in sub-Saharan Africa with trend data showed that the use of insecticide-treated bed nets among children increased from 2 per cent in 2000 to 22 per cent in 2008. a

(b) By sex (Percentage) Boys Girls

Sub-Saharan Africa (29 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sub-Saharan Africa (32 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indicator 6.8 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs, 2006–2009

(a) Total (Percentage) Developing regions (44 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Sub-Saharan Africa (34 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Southern Asia (4 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Southern Asia excluding India (3 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 South-Eastern Asia (3 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

(b) By sex (Percentage) Boys Girls

Southern Asia (3 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Developing regions (41 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa (33 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia (4 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India (3 countries) . . . . . . . . . . .

23 41 9 3

16 30 7 3

Indicator 6.9 Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis

(a) Incidence (Number of new cases per 100,000 population, including HIV-infected)a World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . Northern Africa . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean . . . Caribbean . . . . . . Latin America . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . South-Eastern Asia Western Asia . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe Developed regions . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . .

1990 130 (110; 150) 140 150 (130; 180) 160 59 (49; 71) 48 180 (160; 200) 320

2000

2008 (130; 140) 140 (130; 150) (150; 170) 160 (160; 170) (44; 52) 43 (39; 47) (300; 340) 350 (330; 370)

90 (75; 110) 61 (57; 67) 46 (43; 50) 96 (70; 130) 91 (79; 110) 81 (70; 95) 89 (74; 110) 59 (54; 64) 44 (40; 47) 120 (81; 190) 110 (90; 130) 100 (85; 120) 170 (130; 250) 170 (150; 200) 170 (150; 200) 240 (200; 300) 230 (210; 250) 220 (200; 240) 58 (48; 70) 48 (43; 53) 34 (31; 37) 200 (140; 300) 190 (160; 230) 190 (160; 220)

(74; 130) 120 (110; 130) 110 (100; 120)

120

(95; 150) 130 (120; 150) 140 (130; 150)

91 28

(62; 140) 110 (26; 31) 20

(96; 130) 100 (19; 21) 13

110

(75; 160) 110

(97; 140)

(92; 120) (13; 14)

(65; 89)

220 (190; 250) 270 (260; 290) 280 (270; 300) 170 (150; 190) 270 (260; 290) 280 (260; 300) 120

(95; 140) 110 (100; 120) 110

(97; 120)

Lower and upper bounds in brackets. (b) Prevalence a

(Number of existing cases per 100,000 population, including HIV-infected)a 1990

2000

2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 (200; 330) 220 (190; 260) 170 (150; 210) Developing regions . . . . . 310 (240; 410) 270 (240; 310) 210 (170; 250) Northern Africa . . . . . . 80 (52; 170) 33 (23; 51) 27 (18; 44) Sub-Saharan Africa . . 300 (240; 380) 480 (430; 540) 490 (430; 560) Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . 150 (90; 250) 66 (51; 89) 40 (30; 58) Caribbean . . . . . . . . . 160 (97; 320) 130 (93; 180) 96 (64; 150) Latin America . . . . . 130 (85; 260) 60 (45; 85) 34 (25; 55) Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . 270 (150; 510) 210 (150; 310) 90 (43; 200)

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

30 1990

Southern Asia . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . Developed regions . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2000

2008

380 (240; 660) 270 (200; 380) 220 (150; 330) 440 (320; 630) 460 (380; 560) 290 (220; 380) 83 (49; 160) 59 (44; 80) 40 (29; 59) 430 (250; 790) 130 (68; 280) 110 (51; 260) 200 (120; 320) 120 (77; 190) 100 (65; 170)

230 (150; 360) 150 (110; 210) 160 (120; 210)

180 (97; 350) 100 (53; 200) 72 (33; 170) 29 (21; 43) 14 (10; 20) 9 (6; 13)

160 (70; 380)

97 (49; 200) 58 (28; 130)

430 (350; 560) 490 (440; 550) 420 (380; 490) 240 (190; 300) 370 (320; 430) 380 (330; 450) 210 (140; 330) 130 (110; 170) 110 (84; 150)

Lower and upper bounds in brackets.

2000 2008 89 (82; 98) 86 (78; 94) 39 (37; 41) 46 (44; 49) 70 (64; 75) 77 (71; 82) 51 (44; 59) 62 (53; 72) 72 (66; 79) 79 (73; 85) 33 (27; 39) 72 (60; 86) 37 (32; 43) 67 (58; 77) 40 (36; 44) 66 (60; 72) 52 (47; 57) 65 (59; 71) 31 (26; 37) 32 (28; 37) 58 (51; 65) 74 (68; 82) 60 (55; 65) 63 (58; 69) 57 (49; 67) 80 (70; 91) 87 (82; 92) 92 (87; 97) 99 (84; 120) 110 (93; 130) 35 (33; 36) 49 (46; 51) 38 (36; 40) 41 (38; 43) 42 (38; 46) 52 (47; 57)

Lower and upper bounds in brackets.

(b) Patients successfully treated under directly observed treatment short course

(c) Deaths (Number of deaths per 100,000 population, excluding HIV-infected)a World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States

Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Percentage)

1990 2000 2008 30 (22; 45) 27 (21; 34) 21 (17; 27) 38 (26; 55) 32 (25; 42) 25 (20; 32) 11 (6; 20) 5 (3; 8) 4 (3; 7) 33 (25; 47) 50(40; 67) 52 (41; 69)

2000 2007

23 (11; 52) 22 (20; 23) 14 (9; 24) 3 (2; 4) 1 (1; 1) 1 (1; 1)

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21 (10; 49) 7 (7; 8) 5 (4; 6) 50 (36; 76) 56 (44; 75) 50 (40; 64)

Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability

29 (21; 41) 40 (31; 55) 42 (33; 59) 24 (15; 39) 16 (11; 25) 15 (11; 21)

Target 7.A

17 (11; 27) 18 (9; 38) 16 (10; 27) 31 (13; 77) 45 (24; 94) 56 (35; 96) 9 (6; 17) 50(24; 120)

6 (5; 8) 15 (8; 27) 6 (5; 7) 26 (13; 54) 33(20; 54) 56 (38; 85) 7 (5; 11) 19 (10; 41)

5 (4; 7) 12 (8; 21) 5 (4; 7) 12 (6; 26) 28 (17; 46) 37 (26; 53) 5 (4; 8) 17 (9; 37)

26 (15; 47) 22 (20; 26) 18 (13; 25) 30 (20; 49) 22 (19; 36) 26 (19; 36)

Lower and upper bounds in brackets.

Indicator 6.10 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course

(a) New cases detected under directly observed treatment short course (DOTS)

86 87 87 79 82 80 83 94 88 89 86 46 64 75 59 61 85 85 80 74

Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

Indicator 7.1

Proportion of land area covered by forest (Percentage) 1990 2000

(DOTS smear-positive case detection rate: percentage)a 2000

69 69 88 71 76 72 77 92 42 86 77 76 77 79 67 66 72 77 75 73

2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 (38; 43) 62 (58; 66) Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 (37; 41) 61 (58; 65)

2010

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0 31.4 31.0 Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 29.5 28.8 Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.4 1.4 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 29.5 28.1

Report of the Secretary-General

Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 2000

2010

52.0 25.8 52.3 16.4 15.2 14.1 7.8 56.9 2.8 67.5 39.5

49.6 28.1 49.9 18.0 14.0 14.1 7.3 51.3 3.0 65.1 39.6

47.4 30.3 47.6 20.5 12.8 14.5 7.1 49.3 3.4 62.5 39.6

3.9

48.0 48.1 48.1 30.0 30.4 30.6 30.2 32.7 19.3 64.6

30.5 32.6 31.0 29.6 18.2 17.1 63.7 62.7

1990 2000 2005 2007

Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent Statesb . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asiab . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europeb . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annex I countries c,d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.5 7.4 0.8 0.9 1.0 4.9 1.0 11.7

3.0 7.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 6.0 1.0 7.6

4.5 7.4 1.3 1.3 1.9 6.2 1.3 8.3

5.1 7.7 1.4 1.5 2.0 6.6 1.1 8.6

7.3

4.6

5.2

5.9

13.1 8.6 9.4 9.6 12.3 12.4 12.4 12.2 6.9 4.3 4.7 5.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 12.0 12.2 12.2 12.1

Indicator 7.2 Carbon dioxide emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP)

(a) Totala (millions of metric tons) 1990

2000

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 899 Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 070 Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 Latin America and the Caribbean 1 051 Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966 Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 986 Eastern Asia excluding China . . . 525 Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 009 Southern Asia excluding India . . 319 South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Commonwealth of Independent Statesb . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 797 Commonwealth of Independent States, Asiab . . . 499 Commonwealth of Independent States, Europeb 2 806 Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 907 Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . 243 Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Landlocked developing countries . . . . 56 Small island developing States . . . . . . . 139 Annex I countriesc,d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 615

24 043 9 915 362 554 1 342 99 1 243 3 974 569 1 675 489 790 1 042 7

2005

2007

27 92329 595 13 27714 894 425 453 658 684 1 477 1 594 106 120 1 371 1 474 6 212 7 165 598 626 2 032 2 326 621 714 1 064 1 133 1 218 1 340 11 10

2 141 2 299 2 372 330

387

445

1 811 1 911 1 926 11 768 12 084 12 053 169 180 191 112 167 185 400 460 523 163 182 190 12 577 12 958 13 026

(b) Per capita (Metric tons) 1990 2000 2005 2007

4.2 3.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.5 0.9 0.8 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.6

4.3 2.6 2.7 0.9 2.7 2.9 2.7

4.4 2.8 2.8 0.9 2.8 3.2 2.8

1990 2000 2005 2007

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent Statesb . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asiab . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europeb . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annex I countriesc,d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.54 0.65 0.43 0.58 0.33 0.61 0.33 1.46 0.44 0.60 0.49 0.42 0.52 0.30 1.54

0.50 0.59 0.54 0.54 0.31 0.59 0.31 0.87 0.45 0.62 0.51 0.47 0.58 0.25 1.27

0.49 0.60 0.52 0.50 0.30 0.55 0.30 0.92 0.38 0.55 0.49 0.50 0.54 0.38 0.98

0.47 0.58 0.50 0.45 0.29 0.55 0.29 0.86 0.36 0.53 0.49 0.47 0.53 0.29 0.86

2.37 1.80 1.33 1.21 1.45 1.20 0.93 0.81 0.49 0.41 0.38 0.36 0.99 0.18 0.30 0.59 0.51

0.70 0.19 0.96 0.43 0.43

0.58 0.21 0.76 0.41 0.40

0.54 0.20 0.71 0.36 0.38

a Total CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels (include emissions from solid fuel consumption, liquid fuel consumption, gas fuel consumption, cement production and gas flaring (United States Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center). b The 1990 column shows 1992 data. c Based on the annual national emission inventories of annex I countries (with the exception of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, which are included in the Commonwealth of Independent States) that report to the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; non-annex I countries do not have annual reporting obligations. d Excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

32 Indicator 7.3

Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Consumption of ozone-depleting substances (Tons of ozone depletion potential) 1990a

Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . .

247 582 6 203 23 449 76 048 2 177 73 871 103 217 12 904 3 338 3 338 21 108 11 516 47 139 454

2000

2008

212 514 44 689 8 129 1 347 9 561 1 327 31 087 6 715 1 669 219 29 418 6 496 105 762 21 530 14 885 4 144 28 161 4 057 9 466 1 152 16 831 2 916 11 882 6 605 129 10 27 585 1 719

2 738

928

183

136 716 26 657 1 536 826 807 24 060 –1 792b 6 239 1 462 3 354 7 162

966 4 786 2 386 2 147

113 1 075 437 396

a For years prior to the entry into force of the reporting requirement for a group of substances, missing country consumption values have been estimated at the base year level. This applies to substances in annexes B, C and E, whose years of entry into force are 1992, 1992 and 1994, respectively. b Negative numbers will occur where exports plus destruction exceed actual production plus imports.

Indicator 7.4

Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limitsa (Percentage) 1990 2000 2006

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fully exploited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Under and moderately exploited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

81 50 31

72 47 25

72 52 20

No new global or regional data are available. Data presented are from 2009 report (A/64/1). a

Indicator 7.5

Proportion of total water resources useda, around 2000 b (Percentage) Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.5 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2 Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5

8.2 1.3

a Surface water and groundwater withdrawal as percentage of total actual renewable water resources. b Differences between these figures and those set out in the statistical annex to the Millennium Development Goals Report 2009 (see http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg) are due to the availability of new data.

Target 7.B

Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss

Indicator 7.6

Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (a) Terrestrial and marinea,b (Percentage) 1990 2000 2009

Worldc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 9.9 10.9 Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 10.9 12.4 Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.7 4.0 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 10.6 11.1 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 15.2 19.3 Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.0 4.6 Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 15.6 19.9 Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 14.4 15.3 Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 11.5 11.5 Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.9 6.2 Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 6.5 7.1 South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 6.7 7.3 Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 14.4 14.5 Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1.1 1.6 Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 7.8 7.8 Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 3.0 3.0 Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.8 8.8 Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 12.1 13.1 Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . 2.8 4.9 7.0 Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 9.2 9.5 Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 10.8 11.2 Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.7 3.2 a Ratio of protected area (terrestrial and marine combined) to total territorial area. Differences between these figures and those set out in the statistical annex to the Millennium Development Goals Report 2009 (see http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg) are due to the availability of new data and to revised methodologies. b Protected areas with an unknown year of establishment are included in all years. c Including territories that are not considered in the calculations of aggregates for the Commonwealth of Independent States, developed regions and developing regions.

(b) Terrestriala,b (Percentage) 1990 2000 2009

Worldc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 10.7 11.6 Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 12.4 13.9 Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.7 4.0 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 11.3 11.7 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 16.1 20.8 Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 9.8 11.1 Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 16.2 20.9 Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 14.9 15.9 Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 12.1 12.1

Report of the Secretary-General

33 1990 2000 2009

Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.5 6.1 6.4 5.9 6.8 7.4 8.6 13.0 13.6 4.0 15.4 15.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 7.0 7.7 7.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 7.9 8.8 8.8 11.6 12.9 13.6 2.9 4.7 6.9 9.4 10.0 10.2 8.8 10.8 11.2 4.0 6.3 6.7

a Ratio of terrestrial protected area to total surface area. Differences between these figures and those set out in the statistical annex to the Millennium Development Goals Report 2009 (see http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg) are due to the availability of new data and to revised methodologies. b Protected areas with an unknown year of establishment are included in all years. c Including territories that are not considered in the calculations of aggregates for the Commonwealth of Independent States, developed regions and developing regions.

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . Least Developed Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countriesd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c

2.9 0.9 1.6 0.7 2.3 1.2 2.6 1.2 3.2 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.1 3.2 0.2

5.0 6.3 2.9 3.5 2.1 3.1 1.5 1.8 9.0 9.8 1.6 2.0 10.7 11.6 1.7 1.9 3.2 3.4 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.2 0.6 1.2 8.9 8.9 0.4 0.4

3.2 6.5 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.4

8.9 8.9 8.1 11.0 9.8 10.8 1.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.8

a Ratio of marine protected area to total territorial waters. Differences between these figures and those set out in the statistical annex to the Millennium Development Goals Report 2009 (see http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg) are due to the availability of new data and to revised methodologies. b Protected areas with an unknown year of establishment are included in all years. c Including territories that are not considered in the calculations of aggregates for the Commonwealth of Independent States, developed regions and developing regions. d Some landlocked developing countries have territorial water claims within inland seas.

Indicator 7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinctiona,b (Percentage of species not expected to become extinct in the near future) Birds 1994 2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mammals 1996 2008

93.51 93.09 86.03 85.33 96.44 95.71 85.87 85.13 92.55 92.19 90.18 89.82 97.60 97.12 86.76 86.59 93.75 96.01 93.49 93.10 96.19 95.99 93.40 97.60

93.60 95.93 93.35 92.95 95.78 95.52 92.66 96.99

87.09 89.81 87.59 91.42 86.92 84.27 92.95 85.16

86.56 89.94 87.04 90.67 86.21 82.59 92.50 84.39

91.86 91.41 92.28 91.68 92.20 91.85 91.04 90.79

a No new global or regional data are available for mammals. Data presented are from 2009 report (A/64/1). b International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Index values for non-data-deficient species.

Target 7.C

Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Indicator 7.8 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source (Percentage) 1990 2008 Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Data from 1995.

77 71 86 49

95 93 94 83

64 60 78 36

87 84 92 60

96 94 95 83

78 76 87 47

85 69

95 97

63 56

93 89

97 98

80 82

93a 75

97a 91

80a 69

98 87

100 95

91 83

82 72 86 51

95 92 96 92

77 63 70 38

85 86 90 50

93 92 96 92

80 81 78 37

94 99

98 100

82 96 98 100

98 100

91 98

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

34 Indicator 7.9

Target 8.B

Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility (Percentage) 1990 2008 Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . 69 Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Eastern Asia excluding China 86a Southern Asia 25 Southern Asia excluding India 42 South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . 89 Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia 91 Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Least developed countries . . . . . . . 24

77 65 91 43

36 28 55 21

61 52 89 31

76 68 94 44

45 40 83 24

81 39 53 39 88a 78a 56 13 74 30 69 36 96 53 85 46

80 56 97 36 50 69 85 53

86 61 99 57 65 79 94 81

55 53 92 26 42 60 67 45

94 100 43

76 97 19

89 99 36

94 100 50

76 96 31

Address the special needs of the least developed countries

Includes: tariff- and quota-free access for least developed countries’ exports; enhanced programme of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries (hipc) and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous official development assistance (oda) for countries committed to poverty reduction Target 8.C

Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States (through the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly)

Target 8.D

Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term

Official development assistance Indicator 8.1

a Data from 1995. These data are based on a subset of countries different from those used for the 2008 estimates.

Net ODA, total and to the least developed countries, as a percentage of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Development Assistance Committee donors’ gross national income

Target 7.D

(a) Annual total assistancea

By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers

Indicator 7.10

1990 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 b

All developing countries . . . . . . . 52.8 58.6 107.8 104.8 104.2 122.3 119.6 Least developed countries . . . . . 15.1 15.9 26.1 30.1 32.1 37.1

Proportion of urban population living in slumsa (Percentage) Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Billions of United States dollars)

1990

2000

2010

46.1 34.4 70.0 33.7 43.7 57.2 49.5 22.5 24.1

39.3 20.3 65.0 29.2 37.4 45.8 39.6 20.6 24.1

32.7 13.3 61.7 23.5 28.2 35.0 31.0 24.6 24.1

a Represented by the urban population living in households with at least one of the four characteristics: lack of access to improved drinking water, lack of access to improved sanitation, overcrowding (three or more persons per room) and dwellings made of non-durable material. Half of pit latrines are considered improved sanitation. These new figures are not comparable with previously published estimates in which all households using pit latrines were considered slum households.

Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development Target 8.A

Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system

Includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction—both nationally and internationally

a Including non-oda debt forgiveness but excluding forgiveness of debt for military purposes. b Preliminary data.

(b) Share of OECD/DAC donors’ gross national income (Percentage) 1990 2002 2005 2006 2007 20082009 a

All developing countries . . . . . . . . 0.32 0.23 0.32 0.3 0.27 0.3 0.31 Least developed countries . . . . . . 0.09 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09

Preliminary data.

Indicator 8.2 Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation) 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 15.5 17.3 15.9 20.0 18.6 Billions of United States dollars . . . . 3.0 4.3 4.9 7.7 11.5 15.5

Indicator 8.3 Proportion of bilateral official development assistance of OECD/DAC donors that is untieda 1990 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008

Percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 91.1 91.4 88.3 83.9 86.5 Billions of United States dollars . . . . . 16.3 30.1 49 62.2 60.3 80.6 a Excludes technical cooperation and administrative costs as well as oda whose tying status is not reported. The percentage of bilateral oda, excluding technical cooperation and administrative costs, with reported tying status was 99.6 in 2008.

Report of the Secretary-General

Indicator 8.4

Indicator 8.9

ODA received in landlocked developing countries as a proportion of their gross national incomes

Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity a

1990 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008

Percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Billions of United States dollars . . . . .

6.3 8.1 7.0 6.2 5.6 4.2 7.0 12.1 15.0 16.6 18.9 22.6

Indicator 8.5 ODA received in small island developing States as a proportion of their gross national incomes 1990 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008

Percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.7 Billions of United States dollars . . . . . . . . . 2.1 1.8 2.5 2.7 3.2 3.7

Market access

2001 2003 2005 2007 2008 Trade policy and regulations and trade-related adjustmentb . . . . . . Economic infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building productive capacity . . . . . . . . Total aid for trade . . .

a Aid-for-trade proxies as a percentage are of bilateral sectorallocable oda. b Reporting of trade-related adjustment data commenced in 2007. Only Canada and the European Commission reported.

Indicator 8.6

Debt sustainability

Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and excluding arms) from developing countries and least developed countries, admitted free of duty

Indicator 8.10

(Percentage) 1996 2000 2004 2006 2008 a

(a) Excluding arms Developing countriesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . 68 (b) Excluding arms and oil Developing countriesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . 78

63 75

76 82

81 89

84 92

65 26 83

76 94 91

77 95 93

80 95 94

58 82 52 46 76 56 79

93 92 63 62 76 89 84

97 93 64 62 78 93 87

96 93 68 66 80 95 91

59 70

87 80

89 79

91 81

Includes Commonwealth of Independent States countries.

Indicator 8.7 Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products and textiles and clothing from developing countries (Percentage) 1996 2000 2004 2008

(a) Agricultural goods Developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 9.3 Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.6 (b) Textiles Developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 6.6 Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.1 (c) Clothing Developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 10.8 Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 7.8

9.1 3.0

8.0 1.6

5.2 3.2

5.1 3.2

8.6 6.4

8.2 6.4

Indicator 8.8 Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as a percentage of their gross domestic product 1990 2003 2005 2006

2007 2008 a

Percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.05 1.17 1.05 0.96 0.88 0.84 Billions of United States dollars . . 327 350 375 363 364 376

Preliminary data.

1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 21.5 14.8 17.2 13.1 18.1 16.0 13.4 12.8 13.3 14.7 38.5 29.0 30.7 27.2 33.7

Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points and number that have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative) a

Reached completion point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reached decision point but not completion point . . . . Yet to be considered for decision point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total eligible countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2000 2010 1 28 21 7 12 5 34 40

a As of December 2000; including only countries that are heavily indebted poor countries in 2010. b As of March 2010.

Indicator 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and Multilateral Debt Relief initiativesa (Billions of United States dollars, cumulative) 2000 2010

To countries that reached decision or completion point . . . 32

a Expressed in end-2008 net present value terms; commitment status as of March 2010. b Excludes $38.4 million (in nominal terms) of committed debt relief from the International Development Association to Afghanistan and $201.3 million (in nominal terms) of committed debt relief from the Association and the International Monetary Fund to the Congo.

Indicator 8.12 Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and servicesa,b 1990 1995 2000 2008

Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19.7 39.9 17.6 20.6 16.8 20.7 10.6 17.6 9.3 16.7 27.8 14.0 0.6c

14.4 22.7 10.4 18.7 10.8 19.0 9.0 27.0 22.3 7.9 22.3 7.8 6.1

0.6c

3.8

12.6 3.5 15.4 6.1 9.4 1.9 21.8 6.7 8.0 11.3 22.2 6.6 5.1 0.6 13.8 5.4 11.5 7.9 6.5 2.8 17.5 9.5 5.9 1.2 8.1 3.9 8.4

0.6

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

36 1990 1995 2000 2008

Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.6c

6.2

8.1

9.7 11.7 11.8 16.8 13.4 11.6 14.9 7.3 8.6 13.7 9.5 8.7

4.4 4.1 2.9 1.2 8.4

a Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services and net income from abroad. b Including countries reporting to the World Bank Debtor Reporting System. Aggregates are based on available data, and for some years, might exclude countries that do not have data on exports of goods and services and net income from abroad. c Data for 1993.

Target 8.E In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries

Indicator 8.13 Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable basis (No global or regional data are available)

Indicator 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countriesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1995

2000

1.6 0.4 <0.1 0.1 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.5 3.4 <0.1 <0.1 0.7 0.9 0.2 <0.1

12.1 59.7 5.5 48.8 2.7 66.7 1.7 31.8 12.2 80.1 6.4 49.8 12.6 82.4 9.9 50.4 49.9 81.1 0.4 32.7 0.5 40.9 4.3 66.3 14.9 80.1 2.4 20.9 1.8 113.4

<0.1

1.3

2008

63.4

0.1 7.8

2.0 132.4 47.7 104.6

0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.5

8.9 111.9 0.3 20.9 1.1 27.8 10.3 51.6

1995

2000

2008

0.7 0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1

6.5 2.0 0.7 0.5 3.9 2.8 4.0 3.6 27.0 0.5 0.3 2.4 4.0 1.8 1.4

23.4 15.1 19.1 6.0 28.8 19.9 29.5 24.6 54.4 5.8 9.1 13.9 23.8 6.0 22.9

<0.1

0.5

12.3

0.1 3.9

1.7 29.8

27.0 67.7

0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.2

3.4 0.1 0.3 4.9

31.7 2.1 5.2 20.8

The 1995 column shows 1996 data.

Target 8.F

Indicator 8.16

In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

Internet users per 100 population

Indicator 8.14 Number of fixed telephone lines per 100 population 1990 2000 2008

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.8 2.4 2.8 1.0 6.3 7.0 6.2 2.4 24.8 0.7 1.0 1.3 9.7 3.3 12.5 7.9

15.9 8.0 7.1 1.4 14.7 11.2 15.0 13.8 42.8 3.2 3.4 4.8 17.8 5.2 18.6

18.5 12.9 12.5 1.4 18.6 11.2 19.1 26.5 39.2 4.4 7.2 13.6 17.1 5.4 26.0

8.8 12.0

13.9 21.9 31.3 42.4 55.0 45.9 13.1 21.1 25.9 0.3 0.5 1.0 2.4 2.8 3.8 7.9 12.9 12.4

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eastern Asia excluding China . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Asia excluding Indiaa . . . . . . . . . . South-Eastern Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Asiaa . . . . . . . . . . Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe . . . . . . . . Developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transition countries of South-Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Least developed countriesb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landlocked developing countriesa . . . . . . . . . . . . Small island developing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The 1995 column shows 1996 data. The 1995 column shows 1998 data.

Report of the Secretary-General

37 Notes

Sources: United Nations Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Millennium Development Goals Indicators and Millennium Development Goal Indicators Database (http://mdgs.un.org). Notes: Except where indicated, regional groupings are based on United Nations geographical regions, with some modifications necessary to create, to the extent possible, homogeneous groups of countries for analysis and presentation. The regional composition adopted for 2010 reporting on Millennium Development Goal indicators is available at http://mdgs.un.org, under “Data”. “Commonwealth of Independent States” comprises Belarus, the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation and Ukraine in Europe, and Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in Asia. Where shown, “Developed regions” comprises Europe (except Commonwealth of Independent States countries), Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and the United States of America. Developed regions always include transition countries in Europe.

Appendices

Appendix I

Roster of the United Nations (There were 192 Member States as at 31 December 2010.) Member State

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus1 Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina2 Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia2 Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic3 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Date of admission

19 Nov. 1946 14 Dec. 1955 8 Oct. 1962 28 July 1993 1 Dec. 1976 11 Nov. 1981 24 Oct. 1945 2 Mar. 1992 1 Nov. 1945 14 Dec. 1955 2 Mar. 1992 18 Sep. 1973 21 Sep. 1971 17 Sep. 1974 9 Dec. 1966 24 Oct. 1945 27 Dec. 1945 25 Sep. 1981 20 Sep. 1960 21 Sep. 1971 14 Nov. 1945 22 May 1992 17 Oct. 1966 24 Oct. 1945 21 Sep. 1984 14 Dec. 1955 20 Sep. 1960 18 Sep. 1962 14 Dec. 1955 20 Sep. 1960 9 Nov. 1945 16 Sep. 1975 20 Sep. 1960 20 Sep. 1960 24 Oct. 1945 24 Oct. 1945 5 Nov. 1945 12 Nov. 1975 20 Sep. 1960 2 Nov. 1945 20 Sep. 1960 22 May 1992 24 Oct. 1945 20 Sep. 1960 19 Jan. 1993 17 Sep. 1991

Date of admission

Member State

Democratic Republic of the Congo 4 Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt 5 El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany 6 Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People’s Democratic Republic

1497

20 Sep. 1960 24 Oct. 1945 20 Sep. 1977 18 Dec. 1978 24 Oct. 1945 21 Dec. 1945 24 Oct. 1945 24 Oct. 1945 12 Nov. 1968 28 May 1993 17 Sep. 1991 13 Nov. 1945 13 Oct. 1970 14 Dec. 1955 24 Oct. 1945 20 Sep. 1960 21 Sep. 1965 31 July 1992 18 Sep. 1973 8 Mar. 1957 25 Oct. 1945 17 Sep. 1974 21 Nov. 1945 12 Dec. 1958 17 Sep. 1974 20 Sep. 1966 24 Oct. 1945 17 Dec. 1945 14 Dec. 1955 19 Nov. 1946 30 Oct. 1945 28 Sep. 1950 24 Oct. 1945 21 Dec. 1945 14 Dec. 1955 11 May 1949 14 Dec. 1955 18 Sep. 1962 18 Dec. 1956 14 Dec. 1955 2 Mar. 1992 16 Dec. 1963 14 Sep. 1999 14 May 1963 2 Mar. 1992 14 Dec. 1955

Member State

Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia 8 Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro2 Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea

Date of admission

17 Sep. 1991 24 Oct. 1945 17 Oct. 1966 2 Nov. 1945 14 Dec. 1955 18 Sep. 1990 17 Sep. 1991 24 Oct. 1945 20 Sep. 1960 1 Dec. 1964 17 Sep. 1957 21 Sep. 1965 28 Sep. 1960 1 Dec. 1964 17 Sep. 1991 27 Oct. 1961 24 Apr. 1968 7 Nov. 1945 17 Sep. 1991 28 May 1993 27 Oct. 1961 28 June 2006 12 Nov. 1956 16 Sep. 1975 19 Apr. 1948 23 Apr. 1990 14 Sep. 1999 14 Dec. 1955 10 Dec. 1945 24 Oct. 1945 24 Oct. 1945 20 Sep. 1960 7 Oct. 1960 27 Nov. 1945 7 Oct. 1971 30 Sep. 1947 15 Dec. 1994 13 Nov. 1945 10 Oct. 1975 24 Oct. 1945 31 Oct. 1945 24 Oct. 1945 24 Oct. 1945 14 Dec. 1955 21 Sep. 1971 17 Sep. 1991

Appendix I

1498 Member State

Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation 9 Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia2 Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore 8 Slovakia3 Slovenia2 Solomon Islands

Date of admission

2 Mar. 1992 14 Dec. 1955 24 Oct. 1945 18 Sep. 1962 23 Sep. 1983 18 Sep. 1979 16 Sep. 1980 15 Dec. 1976 2 Mar. 1992 16 Sep. 1975 24 Oct. 1945 28 Sep. 1960 1 Nov. 2000 21 Sep. 1976 27 Sep. 1961 21 Sep. 1965 19 Jan. 1993 22 May 1992 19 Sep. 1978

Date of admission

Member State

Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic 5 Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia2 Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey

20 Sep. 1960 7 Nov. 1945 14 Dec. 1955 14 Dec. 1955 12 Nov. 1956 4 Dec. 1975 24 Sep. 1968 19 Nov. 1946 10 Sep. 2002 24 Oct. 1945 2 Mar. 1992 16 Dec. 1946 8 Apr. 1993 27 Sep. 2002 20 Sep. 1960 14 Sep. 1999 18 Sep. 1962 12 Nov. 1956 24 Oct. 1945

Member State

Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania10 United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen11 Zambia Zimbabwe

Date of admission

2 Mar. 1992 5 Sep. 2000 25 Oct. 1962 24 Oct. 1945 9 Dec. 1971 24 Oct. 1945 14 Dec. 1961 24 Oct. 1945 18 Dec. 1945 2 Mar. 1992 15 Sep. 1981 15 Nov. 1945 20 Sep. 1977 30 Sep. 1947 1 Dec. 1964 25 Aug. 1980

Notes 1 On 19 September 1991, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic informed the United Nations that it had changed its name to Belarus. 2 The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was an original Member of the United Nations, the Charter having been signed on its behalf on 26 June 1945 and ratified 19 October 1945, until its dissolution following the establishment and subsequent admission, as new Members, of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Slovenia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia were admitted as Members of the United Nations on 22 May 1992. On 8 April 1993, the General Assembly decided to admit as a Member of the United Nations the State provisionally referred to for all purposes within the United Nations as “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia”, pending settlement of the difference that had arisen over its name. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations on 1 November 2000. On 12 February 2003, it informed the United Nations that it had changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro, effective 4 February 2003. In a letter dated 3 June 2006, the President of the Republic of Serbia informed the Secretary-General that the membership of Serbia and Montenegro was being continued by the Republic of Serbia following Montenegro’s declaration of independence from Serbia on 3 June 2006. On 28 June 2006, Montenegro was accepted as a United Nations Member State by the General Assembly. 3 Czechoslovakia, an original Member of the United Nations from 24 October 1945, changed its name to the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic on 20 April 1990. It was dissolved on 1 January 1993 and succeeded by the Czech Republic and Slovakia, both of which became Members of the United Nations on 19 January 1993. 4 The Republic of Zaire informed the United Nations that, effective 17 May 1997, it had changed its name to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 5 Egypt and Syria, both of which became Members of the United Nations on 24 October 1945, joined together—following a plebiscite held in those countries on 21 February 1958—to form the United Arab Republic. On 13 October 1961, Syria, having resumed its status as an independent State, also resumed its separate membership in the United Nations; it changed its name to the Syrian Arab Republic on 14 September 1971. The United Arab Republic continued as a Member of the United Nations and reverted to the name Egypt on 2 September 1971. 6 Through accession of the German Democratic Republic to the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990, the two German States (both of which had become Members of the United Nations on 18 September 1973) united to form one sovereign State. As from that date, the Federal Republic of Germany has acted in the United Nations under the designation Germany.

Roster of the United Nations 7 On 20 January 1965, Indonesia informed the Secretary-General that it had decided to withdraw from the United Nations. On 19 September 1966, it notified the Secretary-General of its decision to resume participation in the activities of the United Nations. On 28 September 1966, the General Assembly took note of that decision, and the President invited the representatives of Indonesia to take their seats in the Assembly. 8 On 16 September 1963, Sabah (North Borneo), Sarawak and Singapore joined with the Federation of Malaya (which became a Member of the United Nations on 17 September 1957) to form Malaysia. On 9 August 1965, Singapore became an independent State; on 21 September 1965, it became a Member of the United Nations. 9 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was an original Member of the United Nations from 24 October 1945. On 24 December 1991, the President of the Russian Federation informed the Secretary-General that the membership of the USSR in all United Nations organs was being continued by the Russian Federation. 10 Tanganyika was admitted to the United Nations on 14 December 1961, Zanzibar on 16 December 1963. Following ratification, on 26 April 1964, of the Articles of Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the two States became represented as a single Member: the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; it changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania on 1 November 1964. 11 Yemen was admitted to the United Nations on 30 September 1947, Democratic Yemen on 14 December 1967. On 22 May 1990, the two countries merged and were thereafter represented as one Member of the United Nations under the designation Yemen.

1499

Appendix II

Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice Charter of the United Nations NOTE: The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945. The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter. Amendments to Articles 23, 27 and 61 of the Charter were adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 1963 and came into force on 31 August 1965. A further amendment to Article 61 was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 1971 and came into force on 24 September 1973. An amendment to Article 109, adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 1965, came into force on 12 June 1968. The amendment to Article 23 enlarges the membership of the Security Council from 11 to 15. The amended Article 27 provides that decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members (formerly seven) and on all other matters by an affirmative vote of nine members (formerly seven), including the concurring votes of the five permanent members of the Security Council.

The amendment to Article 61, which entered into force on 31 August 1965, enlarges the membership of the Economic and Social Council from 18 to 27. The subsequent amendment to that Article, which entered into force on 24 September 1973, further increases the membership of the Council from 27 to 54. The amendment to Article 109, which relates to the first paragraph of that Article, provides that a General Conference of Member States for the purpose of reviewing the Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine members (formerly seven) of the Security Council. Paragraph 3 of Article 109, which deals with the consideration of a possible review conference during the tenth regular session of the General Assembly, has been retained in its original form in its reference to a “vote of any seven members of the Security Council”, the paragraph having been acted upon in 1955 by the General Assembly, at its tenth regular session, and by the Security Council.

WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED

full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.

to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, AND FOR THESE ENDS to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples, HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their

Chapter I PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES

Article 1 The Purposes of the United Nations are: 1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace; 2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace; 3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion; and 4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

1500

Charter of the United Nations

1501

Article 2

Chapter III

The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles: 1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members. 2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfil in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter. 3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered. 4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations. 5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action. 6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security. 7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII.

ORGANS

Chapter II MEMBERSHIP

Article 3 The original Members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present Charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.

Article 4 1. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations. 2. The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

Article 5 A Member of the United Nations against which preventive or enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privileges may be restored by the Security Council.

Article 6 A Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated the Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

Article 7 1. There are established as the principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice, and a Secretariat. 2. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter.

Article 8 The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs.

Chapter IV THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Composition Article 9 1. The General Assembly shall consist of all the Members of the United Nations. 2. Each Member shall have not more than five representatives in the General Assembly.

Functions and Powers Article 10 The General Assembly may discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present Charter, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations to the Members of the United Nations or to the Security Council or both on any such questions or matters.

Article 11 1. The General Assembly may consider the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both. 2. The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security brought before it by any Member of the United Nations, or by the Security Council, or by a state which is not a Member of the United Nations in accordance with Article 35, paragraph 2, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations with regard to any such questions to the state or states concerned or to the Security Council or to both. Any such question on which action is necessary shall be referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly either before or after discussion. 3. The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security. 4. The powers of the General Assembly set forth in this Article shall not limit the general scope of Article 10.

Appendix II

1502 Article 12 1. While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any dispute or situation the functions assigned to it in the present Charter, the General Assembly shall not make any recommendation with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security Council so requests. 2. The Secretary-General, with the consent of the Security Council, shall notify the General Assembly at each session of any matters relative to the maintenance of international peace and security which are being dealt with by the Security Council and shall similarly notify the General Assembly, or the Members of the United Nations if the General Assembly is not in session, immediately the Security Council ceases to deal with such matters.

Article 13 1. The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of: a. promoting international co-operation in the political field and encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification; b. promoting international co-operation in the economic, social, cultural, educational and health fields, and assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion. 2. The further responsibilities, functions and powers of the General Assembly with respect to matters mentioned in paragraph 1 (b) above are set forth in Chapters IX and X.

Article 14 Subject to the provisions of Article 12, the General Assembly may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment of any situation, regardless of origin, which it deems likely to impair the general welfare or friendly relations among nations, including situations resulting from a violation of the provisions of the present Charter setting forth the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.

Article 15 1. The General Assembly shall receive and consider annual and special reports from the Security Council; these reports shall include an account of the measures that the Security Council has decided upon or taken to maintain international peace and security. 2. The General Assembly shall receive and consider reports from the other organs of the United Nations.

Voting Article 18 1. Each member of the General Assembly shall have one vote. 2. Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1 (c) of Article 86, the admission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions. 3. Decisions on other questions, including the determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two thirds majority, shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.

Article 19 A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a Member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.

Procedure Article 20 The General Assembly shall meet in regular annual sessions and in such special sessions as occasion may require. Special sessions shall be convoked by the Secretary-General at the request of the Security Council or of a majority of the Members of the United Nations.

Article 21 The General Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure. It shall elect its President for each session.

Article 22 The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.

Chapter V

Article 16 The General Assembly shall perform such functions with respect to the international trusteeship system as are assigned to it under Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the trusteeship agreements for areas not designated as strategic.

Article 17 1. The General Assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the Organization. 2. The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly. 3. The General Assembly shall consider and approve any financial and budgetary arrangements with specialized agencies referred to in Article 57 and shall examine the administrative budgets of such specialized agencies with a view to making recommendations to the agencies concerned.

THE SECURITY COUNCIL

Composition Article 23 1 1. The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be nonpermanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.

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2. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the nonpermanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. 3. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.

3. The Security Council may hold meetings at such places other than the seat of the Organization as in its judgment will best facilitate its work.

Functions and Powers

The Security Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.

Article 24 1. In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf. 2. In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. The specific powers granted to the Security Council for the discharge of these duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, VIII and XII. 3. The Security Council shall submit annual and, when necessary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consideration.

Article 25 The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter.

Article 26 In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion for armaments of the world’s human and economic resources, the Security Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, plans to be submitted to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments.

Voting Article 27 2 1. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. 2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members. 3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.

Procedure Article 28 1. The Security Council shall be so organized as to be able to function continuously. Each member of the Security Council shall for this purpose be represented at all times at the seat of the Organization. 2. The Security Council shall hold periodic meetings at which each of its members may, if it so desires, be represented by a member of the government or by some other specially designated representative.

Article 29 The Security Council may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.

Article 30

Article 31 Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council may participate, without vote, in the discussion of any question brought before the Security Council whenever the latter considers that the interests of that Member are specially affected.

Article 32 Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council or any state which is not a Member of the United Nations, if it is a party to a dispute under consideration by the Security Council, shall be invited to participate, without vote, in the discussion relating to the dispute. The Security Council shall lay down such conditions as it deems just for the participation of a state which is not a Member of the United Nations.

Chapter VI PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

Article 33 1. The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice. 2. The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means.

Article 34 The Security Council may investigate any dispute, or any situation which might lead to international friction or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute or situation is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security.

Article 35 1. Any Member of the United Nations may bring any dispute, or any situation of the nature referred to in Article 34, to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly. 2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may bring to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly any dispute to which it is a party if it accepts in advance, for the purposes of the dispute, the obligations of pacific settlement provided in the present Charter. 3. The proceedings of the General Assembly in respect of matters brought to its attention under this Article will be subject to the provisions of Articles 11 and 12.

Appendix II

1504 Article 36 1. The Security Council may, at any stage of a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 or of a situation of like nature, recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment. 2. The Security Council should take into consideration any procedures for the settlement of the dispute which have already been adopted by the parties. 3. In making recommendations under this Article the Security Council should also take into consideration that legal disputes should as a general rule be referred by the parties to the International Court of Justice in accordance with the provisions of the Statute of the Court.

Article 37 1. Should the parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 fail to settle it by the means indicated in that Article, they shall refer it to the Security Council. 2. If the Security Council deems that the continuance of the dispute is in fact likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action under Article 36 or to recommend such terms of settlement as it may consider appropriate.

Article 38 Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 33 to 37, the Security Council may, if all the parties to any dispute so request, make recommendations to the parties with a view to a pacific settlement of the dispute.

Chapter VII ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS TO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF THE PEACE, AND ACTS OF AGGRESSION

Article 39 The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security.

Article 40 In order to prevent an aggravation of the situation, the Security Council may, before making the recommendations or deciding upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call upon the parties concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems necessary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be without prejudice to the rights, claims or position of the parties concerned. The Security Council shall duly take account of failure to comply with such provisional measures.

Article 41 The Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Nations to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations.

Article 42 Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be

inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations.

Article 43 1. All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its call and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance and facilities, including rights of passage, necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security. 2. Such agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers and types of forces, their degree of readiness and general location, and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided. 3. The agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon as possible on the initiative of the Security Council. They shall be concluded between the Security Council and Members or between the Security Council and groups of Members and shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.

Article 44 When the Security Council has decided to use force it shall, before calling upon a Member not represented on it to provide armed forces in fulfilment of the obligations assumed under Article 43, invite that Member, if the Member so desires, to participate in the decisions of the Security Council concerning the employment of contingents of that Member’s armed forces.

Article 45 In order to enable the United Nations to take urgent military measures, Members shall hold immediately available national airforce contingents for combined international enforcement action. The strength and degree of readiness of these contingents and plans for their combined action shall be determined, within the limits laid down in the special agreement or agreements referred to in Article 43, by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.

Article 46 Plans for the application of armed force shall be made by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.

Article 47 1. There shall be established a Military Staff Committee to advise and assist the Security Council on all questions relating to the Security Council’s military requirements for the maintenance of international peace and security, the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal, the regulation of armaments, and possible disarmament. 2. The Military Staff Committee shall consist of the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their representatives. Any Member of the United Nations not permanently represented on the Committee shall be invited by the Committee to be associated with it when the efficient discharge of the Committee’s responsibilities requires the participation of that Member in its work. 3. The Military Staff Committee shall be responsible under the Security Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the disposal of the Security Council. Questions relating to the command of such forces shall be worked out subsequently.

Charter of the United Nations 4. The Military Staff Committee, with the authorization of the Security Council and after consultation with appropriate regional agencies, may establish regional sub-committees.

Article 48 1. The action required to carry out the decisions of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security shall be taken by all the Members of the United Nations or by some of them, as the Security Council may determine. 2. Such decisions shall be carried out by the Members of the United Nations directly and through their action in the appropriate international agencies of which they are members.

Article 49 The Members of the United Nations shall join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the measures decided upon by the Security Council.

Article 50 If preventive or enforcement measures against any state are taken by the Security Council, any other state, whether a Member of the United Nations or not, which finds itself confronted with special economic problems arising from the carrying out of those measures shall have the right to consult the Security Council with regard to a solution of those problems.

Article 51 Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.

Chapter VIII REGIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Article 52 1. Nothing in the present Charter precludes the existence of regional arrangements or agencies for dealing with such matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action, provided that such arrangements or agencies and their activities are consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. 2. The Members of the United Nations entering into such arrangements or constituting such agencies shall make every effort to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies before referring them to the Security Council. 3. The Security Council shall encourage the development of pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies either on the initiative of the states concerned or by reference from the Security Council. 4. This Article in no way impairs the application of Articles 34 and 35.

Article 53 1. The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize such regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement action

1505 under its authority. But no enforcement action shall be taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the Security Council, with the exception of measures against any enemy state, as defined in paragraph 2 of this Article, provided for pursuant to Article 107 or in regional arrangements directed against renewal of aggressive policy on the part of any such state, until such time as the Organization may, on request of the Governments concerned, be charged with the responsibility for preventing further aggression by such a state. 2. The term enemy state as used in paragraph 1 of this Article applies to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory of the present Charter.

Article 54 The Security Council shall at all times be kept fully informed of activities undertaken or in contemplation under regional arrangements or by regional agencies for the maintenance of international peace and security.

Chapter IX INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CO-OPERATION

Article 55 With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and wellbeing which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and selfdetermination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote: a. higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development; b. solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems; and international cultural and educational co-operation; and c. universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.

Article 56 All Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action in co-operation with the Organization for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55.

Article 57 1. The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63. 2. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies.

Article 58 The Organization shall make recommendations for the coordination of the policies and activities of the specialized agencies.

Article 59 The Organization shall, where appropriate, initiate negotiations among the states concerned for the creation of any new specialized agencies required for the accomplishment of the purposes set forth in Article 55.

Appendix II

1506 Article 60

Article 64

Responsibility for the discharge of the functions of the Organization set forth in this Chapter shall be vested in the General Assembly and, under the authority of the General Assembly, in the Economic and Social Council, which shall have for this purpose the powers set forth in Chapter X.

1. The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate steps to obtain regular reports from the specialized agencies. It may make arrangements with the Members of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies to obtain reports on the steps taken to give effect to its own recommendations and to recommendations on matters falling within its competence made by the General Assembly. 2. It may communicate its observations on these reports to the General Assembly.

Chapter X THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

Composition Article 613 1. The Economic and Social Council shall consist of fiftyfour Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly. 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, eighteen members of the Economic and Social Council shall be elected each year for a term of three years. A retiring member shall be eligible for immediate re-election. 3. At the first election after the increase in the membership of the Economic and Social Council from twenty-seven to fiftyfour members, in addition to the members elected in place of the nine members whose term of office expires at the end of that year, twenty-seven additional members shall be elected. Of these twentyseven additional members, the term of office of nine members so elected shall expire at the end of one year, and of nine other members at the end of two years, in accordance with arrangements made by the General Assembly. 4. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one representative.

Functions and Powers Article 62 1. The Economic and Social Council may make or initiate studies and reports with respect to international economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related matters and may make recommendations with respect to any such matters to the General Assembly, to the Members of the United Nations, and to the specialized agencies concerned. 2. It may make recommendations for the purpose of promoting respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all. 3. It may prepare draft conventions for submission to the General Assembly, with respect to matters falling within its competence. 4. It may call, in accordance with the rules prescribed by the United Nations, international conferences on matters falling within its competence.

Article 63 1. The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly. 2. It may co-ordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations.

Article 65 The Economic and Social Council may furnish information to the Security Council and shall assist the Security Council upon its request.

Article 66 1. The Economic and Social Council shall perform such functions as fall within its competence in connection with the carrying out of the recommendations of the General Assembly. 2. It may, with the approval of the General Assembly, perform services at the request of Members of the United Nations and at the request of specialized agencies. 3. It shall perform such other functions as are specified elsewhere in the present Charter or as may be assigned to it by the General Assembly.

Voting Article 67 1. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one vote. 2. Decisions of the Economic and Social Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.

Procedure Article 68 The Economic and Social Council shall set up commissions in economic and social fields and for the promotion of human rights, and such other commissions as may be required for the performance of its functions.

Article 69 The Economic and Social Council shall invite any Member of the United Nations to participate, without vote, in its deliberations on any matter of particular concern to that Member.

Article 70 The Economic and Social Council may make arrangements for representatives of the specialized agencies to participate, without vote, in its deliberations and in those of the commissions established by it, and for its representatives to participate in the deliberations of the specialized agencies.

Article 71 The Economic and Social Council may make suitable arrangements for consultation with non-governmental organizations which are concerned with matters within its competence. Such arrangements may be made with international organizations and, where appropriate, with national organizations after consultation with the Member of the United Nations concerned.

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Article 72

Article 76

1. The Economic and Social Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President. 2. The Economic and Social Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.

The basic objectives of the trusteeship system, in accordance with the Purposes of the United Nations laid down in Article 1 of the present Charter, shall be: a. to further international peace and security; b. to promote the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories, and their progressive development towards self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned, and as may be provided by the terms of each trusteeship agreement; c. to encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion, and to encourage recognition of the interdependence of the peoples of the world; and d. to ensure equal treatment in social, economic, and commercial matters for all Members of the United Nations and their nationals, and also equal treatment for the latter in the administration of justice, without prejudice to the attainment of the foregoing objectives and subject to the provisions of Article 80.

Chapter XI DECLARATION REGARDING NON-SELF-GOVERNING TERRITORIES

Article 73 Members of the United Nations which have or assume responsibilities for the administration of territories whose peoples have not yet attained a full measure of self-government recognize the principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation to promote to the utmost, within the system of international peace and security established by the present Charter, the well-being of the inhabitants of these territories and, to this end: a. to ensure, with due respect for the culture of the peoples concerned, their political, economic, social, and educational advancement, their just treatment, and their protection against abuses; b. to develop self-government, to take due account of the political aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the progressive development of their free political institutions, according to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and their varying stages of advancement; c. to further international peace and security; d. to promote constructive measures of development, to encourage research, and to co-operate with one another and, when and where appropriate, with specialized international bodies with a view to the practical achievement of the social, economic, and scientific purposes set forth in this Article; and e. to transmit regularly to the Secretary-General for information purposes, subject to such limitation as security and constitutional considerations may require, statistical and other information of a technical nature relating to economic, social, and educational conditions in the territories for which they are respectively responsible other than those territories to which Chapters XII and XIII apply.

Article 74 Members of the United Nations also agree that their policy in respect of the territories to which this Chapter applies, no less than in respect of their metropolitan areas, must be based on the general principle of good-neighbourliness, due account being taken of the interests and well-being of the rest of the world, in social, economic, and commercial matters.

Chapter XII INTERNATIONAL TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM

Article 75 The United Nations shall establish under its authority an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent individual agreements. These territories are hereinafter referred to as trust territories.

Article 77 1. The trusteeship system shall apply to such territories in the following categories as may be placed thereunder by means of trusteeship agreements: a. territories now held under mandate; b. territories which may be detached from enemy states as a result of the Second World War; and c. territories voluntarily placed under the system by states responsible for their administration. 2. It will be a matter for subsequent agreement as to which territories in the foregoing categories will be brought under the trusteeship system and upon what terms.

Article 78 The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which have become Members of the United Nations, relationship among which shall be based on respect for the principle of sovereign equality.

Article 79 The terms of trusteeship for each territory to be placed under the trusteeship system, including any alteration or amendment, shall be agreed upon by the states directly concerned, including the mandatory power in the case of territories held under mandate by a Member of the United Nations, and shall be approved as provided for in Articles 83 and 85.

Article 80 1. Except as may be agreed upon in individual trusteeship agreements, made under Articles 77, 79 and 81, placing each territory under the trusteeship system, and until such agreements have been concluded, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed in or of itself to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any states or any peoples or the terms of existing international instruments to which Members of the United Nations may respectively be parties. 2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be interpreted as giving grounds for delay or postponement of the negotiation and conclusion of agreements for placing mandated and other territories under the trusteeship system as provided for in Article 77.

Appendix II

1508 Article 81 The trusteeship agreement shall in each case include the terms under which the trust territory will be administered and designate the authority which will exercise the administration of the trust territory. Such authority, hereinafter called the administering authority, may be one or more states or the Organization itself.

Article 82 There may be designated, in any trusteeship agreement, a strategic area or areas which may include part or all of the trust territory to which the agreement applies, without prejudice to any special agreement or agreements made under Article 43.

Article 83 1. All functions of the United Nations relating to strategic areas, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the Security Council. 2. The basic objectives set forth in Article 76 shall be applicable to the people of each strategic area. 3. The Security Council shall, subject to the provisions of the trusteeship agreements and without prejudice to security considerations, avail itself of the assistance of the Trusteeship Council to perform those functions of the United Nations under the trusteeship system relating to political, economic, social, and educational matters in the strategic areas.

Article 84 It shall be the duty of the administering authority to ensure that the trust territory shall play its part in the maintenance of international peace and security. To this end the administering authority may make use of volunteer forces, facilities, and assistance from the trust territory in carrying out the obligations towards the Security Council undertaken in this regard by the administering authority, as well as for local defence and the maintenance of law and order within the trust territory.

Article 85 1. The functions of the United Nations with regard to trusteeship agreements for all areas not designated as strategic, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the General Assembly. 2. The Trusteeship Council, operating under the authority of the General Assembly, shall assist the General Assembly in carrying out these functions.

Chapter XIII THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

Composition

Functions and Powers Article 87 The General Assembly and, under its authority, the Trusteeship Council, in carrying out their functions, may: a. consider reports submitted by the administering authority; b. accept petitions and examine them in consultation with the administering authority; c. provide for periodic visits to the respective trust territories at times agreed upon with the administering authority; and d. take these and other actions in conformity with the terms of the trusteeship agreements.

Article 88 The Trusteeship Council shall formulate a questionnaire on the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of each trust territory, and the administering authority for each trust territory within the competence of the General Assembly shall make an annual report to the General Assembly upon the basis of such questionnaire.

Voting Article 89 1. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall have one vote. 2. Decisions of the Trusteeship Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.

Procedure Article 90 1. The Trusteeship Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President. 2. The Trusteeship Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.

Article 91 The Trusteeship Council shall, when appropriate, avail itself of the assistance of the Economic and Social Council and of the specialized agencies in regard to matters with which they are respectively concerned.

Chapter XIV THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

Article 92 Article 86

1. The Trusteeship Council shall consist of the following Members of the United Nations: a. those Members administering trust territories; b. such of those Members mentioned by name in Article 23 as are not administering trust territories; and c. as many other Members elected for three-year terms by the General Assembly as may be necessary to ensure that the total number of members of the Trusteeship Council is equally divided between those Members of the United Nations which administer trust territories and those which do not. 2. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall designate one specially qualified person to represent it therein.

The International Court of Justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the present Charter.

Article 93 1. All Members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice. 2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice on conditions to be determined in each case by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

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Article 94

2. Appropriate staffs shall be permanently assigned to the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, and, as required, to other organs of the United Nations. These staffs shall form a part of the Secretariat. 3. The paramount consideration in the employment of the staff and in the determination of the conditions of service shall be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity. Due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible.

1. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with the decision of the International Court of Justice in any case to which it is a party. 2. If any party to a case fails to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council, which may, if it deems necessary, make recommendations or decide upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgment.

Article 95

Chapter XVI

Nothing in the present Charter shall prevent Members of the United Nations from entrusting the solution of their differences to other tribunals by virtue of agreements already in existence or which may be concluded in the future.

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Article 96 1. The General Assembly or the Security Council may request the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on any legal question. 2. Other organs of the United Nations and specialized agencies, which may at any time be so authorized by the General Assembly, may also request advisory opinions of the Court on legal questions arising within the scope of their activities.

Chapter XV THE SECRETARIAT

Article 97

Article 102 1. Every treaty and every international agreement entered into by any Member of the United Nations after the present Charter comes into force shall as soon as possible be registered with the Secretariat and published by it. 2. No party to any such treaty or international agreement which has not been registered in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article may invoke that treaty or agreement before any organ of the United Nations.

Article 103 In the event of a conflict between the obligations of the Members of the United Nations under the present Charter and their obligations under any other international agreement, their obligations under the present Charter shall prevail.

Article 104

The Secretariat shall comprise a Secretary-General and such staff as the Organization may require. The Secretary-General shall be appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. He shall be the chief administrative officer of the Organization.

The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfilment of its purposes.

Article 98

1. The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes. 2. Representatives of the Members of the United Nations and officials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization. 3. The General Assembly may make recommendations with a view to determining the details of the application of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the Members of the United Nations for this purpose.

The Secretary-General shall act in that capacity in all meetings of the General Assembly, of the Security Council, of the Economic and Social Council, and of the Trusteeship Council, and shall perform such other functions as are entrusted to him by these organs. The Secretary-General shall make an annual report to the General Assembly on the work of the Organization.

Article 99 The Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security.

Article 100 1. In the performance of their duties the Secretary-General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any other authority external to the Organization. They shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their position as international officials responsible only to the Organization. 2. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities.

Article 101 1. The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.

Article 105

Chapter XVII TRANSITIONAL SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS

Article 106 Pending the coming into force of such special agreements referred to in Article 43 as in the opinion of the Security Council enable it to begin the exercise of its responsibilities under Article 42, the parties to the Four-Nation Declaration, signed at Moscow, 30 October 1943, and France, shall, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 5 of that Declaration, consult with one another and as occasion requires with other Members of the United Nations with a view to such joint action on behalf of the Organization as may be necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.

Appendix II

1510 Article 107

Chapter XIX

Nothing in the present Charter shall invalidate or preclude action, in relation to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter, taken or authorized as a result of that war by the Governments having responsibility for such action.

RATIFICATION AND SIGNATURE

Chapter XVIII AMENDMENTS

Article 108 Amendments to the present Charter shall come into force for all Members of the United Nations when they have been adopted by a vote of two thirds of the members of the General Assembly and ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations, including all the permanent members of the Security Council.

Article 109 4 1. A General Conference of the Members of the United Nations for the purpose of reviewing the present Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine members of the Security Council. Each Member of the United Nations shall have one vote in the conference. 2. Any alteration of the present Charter recommended by a two-thirds vote of the conference shall take effect when ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations including all the permanent members of the Security Council. 3. If such a conference has not been held before the tenth annual session of the General Assembly following the coming into force of the present Charter, the proposal to call such a conference shall be placed on the agenda of that session of the General Assembly, and the conference shall be held if so decided by a majority vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council.

Article 110 1. The present Charter shall be ratified by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes. 2. The ratifications shall be deposited with the Government of the United States of America, which shall notify all the signatory states of each deposit as well as the Secretary-General of the Organization when he has been appointed. 3. The present Charter shall come into force upon the deposit of ratifications by the Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America, and by a majority of the other signatory states. A protocol of the ratifications deposited shall thereupon be drawn up by the Government of the United States of America which shall communicate copies thereof to all the signatory states. 4. The states signatory to the present Charter which ratify it after it has come into force will become original Members of the United Nations on the date of the deposit of their respective ratifications.

Article 111 The present Charter, of which the Chinese, French, Russian, English, and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall remain deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America. Duly certified copies thereof shall be transmitted by that Government to the Governments of the other signatory states. In faith whereof the representatives of the Governments of the United Nations have signed the present Charter. Done at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five.

Notes 1 Amended text of Article 23, which came into force on 31 August 1965. The text of Article 23 before it was amended read as follows: 1. The Security Council shall consist of eleven Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect six other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid in the first instance to the contributions of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution. 2. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members, however, three shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. 3. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative. 2 Amended text of Article 27, which came into force on 31 August 1965. The text of Article 27 before it was amended read as follows: 1. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. 2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of seven members. 3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of seven members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.

Charter of the United Nations 3 â&#x20AC;&#x2030;Amended text of Article 61, which came into force on 24 September 1973. The text of Article 61 as previously amended on 31 August 1965 read as follows: 1. The Economic and Social Council shall consist of twenty-seven Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly. 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, nine members of the Economic and Social Council shall be elected each year for a term of three years. A retiring member shall be eligible for immediate re-election. 3. At the first election after the increase in the membership of the Economic and Social Council from eighteen to twenty-seven members, in addition to the members elected in place of the six members whose term of office expires at the end of that year, nine additional members shall be elected. Of these nine additional members, the term of office of three members so elected shall expire at the end of one year, and of three other members at the end of two years, in accordance with arrangements made by the General Assembly. 4. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one representative. 4 â&#x20AC;&#x2030;Amended text of Article 109, which came into force on 12 June 1968. The text of Article 109 before it was amended read as follows: 1. A General Conference of the Members of the United Nations for the purpose of reviewing the present Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council. Each Member of the United Nations shall have one vote in the conference. 2. Any alteration of the present Charter recommended by a two-thirds vote of the conference shall take effect when ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations including all the permanent members of the Security Council. 3. If such a conference has not been held before the tenth annual session of the General Assembly following the coming into force of the present Charter, the proposal to call such a conference shall be placed on the agenda of that session of the General Assembly, and the conference shall be held if so decided by a majority vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council.

1511

Statute of the International Court of Justice Article 1 The International Court of Justice established by the Charter of the United Nations as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations shall be constituted and shall function in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute.

Chapter I ORGANIZATION OF THE COURT

and schools of law, and its national academies and national sections of international academies devoted to the study of law.

Article 7 1. The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all the persons thus nominated. Save as provided in Article 12, paragraph 2, these shall be the only persons eligible. 2. The Secretary-General shall submit this list to the General Assembly and to the Security Council.

Article 8

Article 2 The Court shall be composed of a body of independent judges, elected regardless of their nationality from among persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognized competence in international law.

Article 3 1. The Court shall consist of fifteen members, no two of whom may be nationals of the same state. 2. A person who for the purposes of membership in the Court could be regarded as a national of more than one state shall be deemed to be a national of the one in which he ordinarily exercises civil and political rights.

Article 4 1. The members of the Court shall be elected by the General Assembly and by the Security Council from a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration, in accordance with the following provisions. 2. In the case of Members of the United Nations not represented in the Permanent Court of Arbitration, candidates shall be nominated by national groups appointed for this purpose by their governments under the same conditions as those prescribed for members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration by Article 44 of the Convention of The Hague of 1907 for the pacific settlement of international disputes. 3. The conditions under which a state which is a party to the present Statute but is not a Member of the United Nations may participate in electing the members of the Court shall, in the absence of a special agreement, be laid down by the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council.

Article 5 1. At least three months before the date of the election, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a written request to the members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration belonging to the states which are parties to the present Statute, and to the members of the national groups appointed under Article 4, paragraph 2, inviting them to undertake, within a given time, by national groups, the nomination of persons in a position to accept the duties of a member of the Court. 2. No group may nominate more than four persons, not more than two of whom shall be of their own nationality. In no case may the number of candidates nominated by a group be more than double the number of seats to be filled.

Article 6 Before making these nominations, each national group is recommended to consult its highest court of justice, its legal faculties

The General Assembly and the Security Council shall proceed independently of one another to elect the members of the Court.

Article 9 At every election, the electors shall bear in mind not only that the persons to be elected should individually possess the qualifications required, but also that in the body as a whole the representation of the main forms of civilization and of the principal legal systems of the world should be assured.

Article 10 1. Those candidates who obtain an absolute majority of votes in the General Assembly and in the Security Council shall be considered as elected. 2. Any vote of the Security Council, whether for the election of judges or for the appointment of members of the conference envisaged in Article 12, shall be taken without any distinction between permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council. 3. In the event of more than one national of the same state obtaining an absolute majority of the votes both of the General Assembly and of the Security Council, the eldest of these only shall be considered as elected.

Article 11 If, after the first meeting held for the purpose of the election, one or more seats remain to be filled, a second and, if necessary, a third meeting shall take place.

Article 12 1. If, after the third meeting, one or more seats still remain unfilled, a joint conference consisting of six members, three appointed by the General Assembly and three by the Security Council, may be formed at any time at the request of either the General Assembly or the Security Council, for the purpose of choosing by the vote of an absolute majority one name for each seat still vacant, to submit to the General Assembly and the Security Council for their respective acceptance. 2. If the joint conference is unanimously agreed upon any person who fulfils the required conditions, he may be included in its list, even though he was not included in the list of nominations referred to in Article 7. 3. If the joint conference is satisfied that it will not be successful in procuring an election, those members of the Court who have already been elected shall, within a period to be fixed by the Security Council, proceed to fill the vacant seats by selection from among those candidates who have obtained votes either in the General Assembly or in the Security Council. 4. In the event of an equality of votes among the judges, the eldest judge shall have a casting vote.

1512

Statute of the International Court of Justice

1513

Article 13

Article 21

1. The members of the Court shall be elected for nine years and may be re-elected; provided, however, that of the judges elected at the first election, the terms of five judges shall expire at the end of three years and the terms of five more judges shall expire at the end of six years. 2. The judges whose terms are to expire at the end of the above-mentioned initial periods of three and six years shall be chosen by lot to be drawn by the Secretary-General immediately after the first election has been completed. 3. The members of the Court shall continue to discharge their duties until their places have been filled. Though replaced, they shall finish any cases which they may have begun. 4. In the case of the resignation of a member of the Court, the resignation shall be addressed to the President of the Court for transmission to the Secretary-General. This last notification makes the place vacant.

1. The Court shall elect its President and Vice-President for three years; they may be re-elected. 2. The Court shall appoint its Registrar and may provide for the appointment of such other officers as may be necessary.

Article 14 Vacancies shall be filled by the same method as that laid down for the first election, subject to the following provision: the Secretary-General shall, within one month of the occurrence of the vacancy, proceed to issue the invitations provided for in Article 5, and the date of the election shall be fixed by the Security Council.

Article 15 A member of the Court elected to replace a member whose term of office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of his predecessor’s term.

Article 16 1. No member of the Court may exercise any political or administrative function, or engage in any other occupation of a professional nature. 2. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the Court.

Article 22 1. The seat of the Court shall be established at The Hague. This, however, shall not prevent the Court from sitting and exercising its functions elsewhere whenever the Court considers it desirable. 2. The President and the Registrar shall reside at the seat of the Court.

Article 23 1. The Court shall remain permanently in session, except during the judicial vacations, the dates and duration of which shall be fixed by the Court. 2. Members of the Court are entitled to periodic leave, the dates and duration of which shall be fixed by the Court, having in mind the distance between The Hague and the home of each judge. 3. Members of the Court shall be bound, unless they are on leave or prevented from attending by illness or other serious reasons duly explained to the President, to hold themselves permanently at the disposal of the Court.

Article 24 1. If, for some special reason, a member of the Court considers that he should not take part in the decision of a particular case, he shall so inform the President. 2. If the President considers that for some special reason one of the members of the Court should not sit in a particular case, he shall give him notice accordingly. 3. If in any such case the member of the Court and the President disagree, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the Court.

Article 17

Article 25

1. No member of the Court may act as agent, counsel, or advocate in any case. 2. No member may participate in the decision of any case in which he has previously taken part as agent, counsel, or advocate for one of the parties, or as a member of a national or international court, or of a commission of enquiry, or in any other capacity. 3. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the Court.

1. The full Court shall sit except when it is expressly provided otherwise in the present Statute. 2. Subject to the condition that the number of judges available to constitute the Court is not thereby reduced below eleven, the Rules of the Court may provide for allowing one or more judges, according to circumstances and in rotation, to be dispensed from sitting. 3. A quorum of nine judges shall suffice to constitute the Court.

Article 18 1. No member of the Court can be dismissed unless, in the unanimous opinion of the other members, he has ceased to fulfil the required conditions. 2. Formal notification thereof shall be made to the SecretaryGeneral by the Registrar. 3. This notification makes the place vacant.

Article 19 The members of the Court, when engaged on the business of the Court, shall enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities.

Article 20 Every member of the Court shall, before taking up his duties, make a solemn declaration in open court that he will exercise his powers impartially and conscientiously.

Article 26 1. The Court may from time to time form one or more chambers, composed of three or more judges as the Court may determine, for dealing with particular categories of cases; for example, labour cases and cases relating to transit and communications. 2. The Court may at any time form a chamber for dealing with a particular case. The number of judges to constitute such a chamber shall be determined by the Court with the approval of the parties. 3. Cases shall be heard and determined by the chambers provided for in this Article if the parties so request.

Article 27 A judgment given by any of the chambers provided for in Articles 26 and 29 shall be considered as rendered by the Court.

Appendix II

1514 Article 28

Article 33

The chambers provided for in Articles 26 and 29 may, with the consent of the parties, sit and exercise their functions elsewhere than at The Hague.

The expenses of the Court shall be borne by the United Nations in such a manner as shall be decided by the General Assembly.

Article 29

Chapter II

With a view to the speedy dispatch of business, the Court shall form annually a chamber composed of five judges which, at the request of the parties, may hear and determine cases by summary procedure. In addition, two judges shall be selected for the purpose of replacing judges who find it impossible to sit.

COMPETENCE OF THE COURT

Article 30 1. The Court shall frame rules for carrying out its functions. In particular, it shall lay down rules of procedure. 2. The Rules of the Court may provide for assessors to sit with the Court or with any of its chambers, without the right to vote.

Article 31 1. Judges of the nationality of each of the parties shall retain their right to sit in the case before the Court. 2. If the Court includes upon the Bench a judge of the nationality of one of the parties, any other party may choose a person to sit as judge. Such person shall be chosen preferably from among those persons who have been nominated as candidates as provided in Articles 4 and 5. 3. If the Court includes upon the Bench no judge of the nationality of the parties, each of these parties may proceed to choose a judge as provided in paragraph 2 of this Article. 4. The provisions of this Article shall apply to the case of Articles 26 and 29. In such cases, the President shall request one or, if necessary, two of the members of the Court forming the chamber to give place to the members of the Court of the nationality of the parties concerned, and, failing such, or if they are unable to be present, to the judges specially chosen by the parties. 5. Should there be several parties in the same interest, they shall, for the purpose of the preceding provisions, be reckoned as one party only. Any doubt upon this point shall be settled by the decision of the Court. 6. Judges chosen as laid down in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of this Article shall fulfil the conditions required by Articles 2, 17 (paragraph 2), 20, and 24 of the present Statute. They shall take part in the decision on terms of complete equality with their colleagues.

Article 32 1. Each member of the Court shall receive an annual salary. 2. The President shall receive a special annual allowance. 3. The Vice-President shall receive a special allowance for every day on which he acts as President. 4. The judges chosen under Article 31, other than members of the Court, shall receive compensation for each day on which they exercise their functions. 5. These salaries, allowances, and compensation shall be fixed by the General Assembly. They may not be decreased during the term of office. 6. The salary of the Registrar shall be fixed by the General Assembly on the proposal of the Court. 7. Regulations made by the General Assembly shall fix the conditions under which retirement pensions may be given to members of the Court and to the Registrar, and the conditions under which members of the Court and the Registrar shall have their travelling expenses refunded. 8. The above salaries, allowances, and compensation shall be free of all taxation.

Article 34 1. Only states may be parties in cases before the Court. 2. The Court, subject to and in conformity with its Rules, may request of public international organizations information relevant to cases before it, and shall receive such information presented by such organizations on their own initiative. 3. Whenever the construction of the constituent instrument of a public international organization or of an international convention adopted thereunder is in question in a case before the Court, the Registrar shall so notify the public international organization concerned and shall communicate to it copies of all the written proceedings.

Article 35 1. The Court shall be open to the states parties to the present Statute. 2. The conditions under which the Court shall be open to other states shall, subject to the special provisions contained in treaties in force, be laid down by the Security Council, but in no case shall such conditions place the parties in a position of inequality before the Court. 3. When a state which is not a Member of the United Nations is a party to a case, the Court shall fix the amount which that party is to contribute towards the expenses of the Court. This provision shall not apply if such state is bearing a share of the expenses of the Court.

Article 36 1. The jurisdiction of the Court comprises all cases which the parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations or in treaties and conventions in force. 2. The states parties to the present Statute may at any time declare that they recognize as compulsory ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other state accepting the same obligation, the jurisdiction of the Court in all legal disputes concerning: a. the interpretation of a treaty; b. any question of international law; c. the existence of any fact which, if established, would constitute a breach of an international obligation; d. the nature or extent of the reparation to be made for the breach of an international obligation. 3. The declarations referred to above may be made unconditionally or on condition of reciprocity on the part of several or certain states, or for a certain time. 4. Such declarations shall be deposited with the SecretaryGeneral of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the parties to the Statute and to the Registrar of the Court. 5. Declarations made under Article 36 of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and which are still in force shall be deemed, as between the parties to the present Statute, to be acceptances of the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice for the period which they still have to run and in accordance with their terms. 6. In the event of a dispute as to whether the Court has jurisdiction, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the Court.

Statute of the International Court of Justice

1515

Article 37

Article 42

Whenever a treaty or convention in force provides for reference of a matter to a tribunal to have been instituted by the League of Nations, or to the Permanent Court of International Justice, the matter shall, as between the parties to the present Statute, be referred to the International Court of Justice.

1. The parties shall be represented by agents. 2. They may have the assistance of counsel or advocates before the Court. 3. The agents, counsel, and advocates of parties before the Court shall enjoy the privileges and immunities necessary to the independent exercise of their duties.

Article 38 1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply: a. international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting states; b. international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law; c. the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations; d. subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law. 2. This provision shall not prejudice the power of the Court to decide a case ex aequo et bono, if the parties agree thereto.

Chapter III PROCEDURE

Article 43 1. The procedure shall consist of two parts: written and oral. 2. The written proceedings shall consist of the communication to the Court and to the parties of memorials, countermemorials and, if necessary, replies; also all papers and documents in support. 3. These communications shall be made through the Registrar, in the order and within the time fixed by the Court. 4. A certified copy of every document produced by one party shall be communicated to the other party. 5. The oral proceedings shall consist of the hearing by the Court of witnesses, experts, agents, counsel, and advocates.

Article 44 1. For the service of all notices upon persons other than the agents, counsel, and advocates, the Court shall apply direct to the government of the state upon whose territory the notice has to be served. 2. The same provision shall apply whenever steps are to be taken to procure evidence on the spot.

Article 39

Article 45

1. The official languages of the Court shall be French and English. If the parties agree that the case shall be conducted in French, the judgment shall be delivered in French. If the parties agree that the case shall be conducted in English, the judgment shall be delivered in English. 2. In the absence of an agreement as to which language shall be employed, each party may, in the pleadings, use the language which it prefers; the decision of the Court shall be given in French and English. In this case the Court shall at the same time determine which of the two texts shall be considered as authoritative. 3. The Court shall, at the request of any party, authorize a language other than French or English to be used by that party.

The hearing shall be under the control of the President or, if he is unable to preside, of the Vice-President; if neither is able to preside, the senior judge present shall preside.

Article 40 1. Cases are brought before the Court, as the case may be, either by the notification of the special agreement or by a written application addressed to the Registrar. In either case the subject of the dispute and the parties shall be indicated. 2. The Registrar shall forthwith communicate the application to all concerned. 3. He shall also notify the Members of the United Nations through the Secretary-General, and also any other states entitled to appear before the Court.

Article 41 1. The Court shall have the power to indicate, if it considers that circumstances so require, any provisional measures which ought to be taken to preserve the respective rights of either party. 2. Pending the final decision, notice of the measures suggested shall forthwith be given to the parties and to the Security Council.

Article 46 The hearing in Court shall be public, unless the Court shall decide otherwise, or unless the parties demand that the public be not admitted.

Article 47 1. Minutes shall be made at each hearing and signed by the Registrar and the President. 2. These minutes alone shall be authentic.

Article 48 The Court shall make orders for the conduct of the case, shall decide the form and time in which each party must conclude its arguments, and make all arrangements connected with the taking of evidence.

Article 49 The Court may, even before the hearing begins, call upon the agents to produce any document or to supply any explanations. Formal note shall be taken of any refusal.

Article 50 The Court may, at any time, entrust any individual, body, bureau, commission, or other organization that it may select, with the task of carrying out an enquiry or giving an expert opinion.

Article 51 During the hearing any relevant questions are to be put to the witnesses and experts under the conditions laid down by the Court in the rules of procedure referred to in Article 30.

Appendix II

1516 Article 52 After the Court has received the proofs and evidence within the time specified for the purpose, it may refuse to accept any further oral or written evidence that one party may desire to present unless the other side consents.

Article 53 1. Whenever one of the parties does not appear before the Court, or fails to defend its case, the other party may call upon the Court to decide in favour of its claim. 2. The Court must, before doing so, satisfy itself, not only that it has jurisdiction in accordance with Articles 36 and 37, but also that the claim is well founded in fact and law.

Article 54 1. When, subject to the control of the Court, the agents, counsel, and advocates have completed their presentation of the case, the President shall declare the hearing closed. 2. The Court shall withdraw to consider the judgment. 3. The deliberations of the Court shall take place in private and remain secret.

Article 55 1. All questions shall be decided by a majority of the judges present. 2. In the event of an equality of votes, the President or the judge who acts in his place shall have a casting vote.

3. The Court may require previous compliance with the terms of the judgment before it admits proceedings in revision. 4. The application for revision must be made at latest within six months of the discovery of the new fact. 5. No application for revision may be made after the lapse of ten years from the date of the judgment.

Article 62 1. Should a state consider that it has an interest of a legal nature which may be affected by the decision in the case, it may submit a request to the Court to be permitted to intervene. 2. It shall be for the Court to decide upon this request.

Article 63 1. Whenever the construction of a convention to which states other than those concerned in the case are parties is in question, the Registrar shall notify all such states forthwith. 2. Every state so notified has the right to intervene in the proceedings; but if it uses this right, the construction given by the judgment will be equally binding upon it.

Article 64 Unless otherwise decided by the Court, each party shall bear its own costs.

Article 56

Chapter IV

1. The judgment shall state the reasons on which it is based. 2. It shall contain the names of the judges who have taken part in the decision.

ADVISORY OPINIONS

Article 57

1. The Court may give an advisory opinion on any legal question at the request of whatever body may be authorized by or in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations to make such a request. 2. Questions upon which the advisory opinion of the Court is asked shall be laid before the Court by means of a written request containing an exact statement of the question upon which an opinion is required, and accompanied by all documents likely to throw light upon the question.

If the judgment does not represent in whole or in part the unanimous opinion of the judges, any judge shall be entitled to deliver a separate opinion.

Article 58 The judgment shall be signed by the President and by the Registrar. It shall be read in open court, due notice having been given to the agents.

Article 59 The decision of the Court has no binding force except between the parties and in respect of that particular case.

Article 60 The judgment is final and without appeal. In the event of dispute as to the meaning or scope of the judgment, the Court shall construe it upon the request of any party.

Article 61 1. An application for revision of a judgment may be made only when it is based upon the discovery of some fact of such a nature as to be a decisive factor, which fact was, when the judgment was given, unknown to the Court and also the party claiming revision, always provided that such ignorance was not due to negligence. 2. The proceedings for revision shall be opened by a judgment of the Court expressly recording the existence of the new fact, recognizing that it has such a character as to lay the case open to revision, and declaring the application admissible on this ground.

Article 65

Article 66 1. The Registrar shall forthwith give notice of the request for an advisory opinion to all states entitled to appear before the Court. 2. The Registrar shall also, by means of a special and direct communication, notify any state entitled to appear before the Court or international organization considered by the Court, or, should it not be sitting, by the President, as likely to be able to furnish information on the question, that the Court will be prepared to receive, within a time limit to be fixed by the President, written statements, or to hear, at a public sitting to be held for the purpose, oral statements relating to the question. 3. Should any such state entitled to appear before the Court have failed to receive the special communication referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, such state may express a desire to submit a written statement or to be heard; and the Court will decide. 4. States and organizations having presented written or oral statements or both shall be permitted to comment on the statements made by other states or organizations in the form, to the extent, and within the time limits which the Court, or, should

Statute of the International Court of Justice it not be sitting, the President, shall decide in each particular case. Accordingly, the Registrar shall in due time communicate any such written statements to states and organizations having submitted similar statements.

Article 67 The Court shall deliver its advisory opinions in open court, notice having been given to the Secretary-General and to the representatives of Members of the United Nations, of other states and of international organizations immediately concerned.

1517 Chapter V

AMENDMENT

Article 69 Amendments to the present Statute shall be effected by the same procedure as is provided by the Charter of the United Nations for amendments to that Charter, subject however to any provisions which the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council may adopt concerning the participation of states which are parties to the present Statute but are not Members of the United Nations.

Article 68

Article 70

In the exercise of its advisory functions the Court shall further be guided by the provisions of the present Statute which apply in contentious cases to the extent to which it recognizes them to be applicable.

The Court shall have power to propose such amendments to the present Statute as it may deem necessary, through written communications to the Secretary-General, for consideration in conformity with the provisions of Article 69.

Appendix III

Structure of the United Nations General Assembly The General Assembly is composed of all Member States of the United Nations. SESSIONS

Resumed sixty-fourth session: 22 January–14 September Sixty-fifth session: 14 September–24 December (suspended)

Fourth Committee

Chairperson: Chitsaka Chipaziwa (Zimbabwe)4 Vice-Chairpersons: Radoslaw Flisiuk (Poland), David Windsor (Australia), Marcela Zamora (Costa Rica) Rapporteur: Mohammad Wali Naeemi (Afghanistan) Second Committee

OFFICERS

Resumed sixty-fourth session President: Ali Abdussalam Treki (Libya) Vice-Presidents: Barbados, Belgium, China, El Salvador, Finland, France, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, India, Kazakhstan, Maldives, Nepal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, South Africa, Sudan, Turkmenistan, Venezuela, United Kingdom, United States Sixty-fifth session President: Joseph Deiss (Switzerland) 1 Vice-Presidents: 2 Afghanistan, Belarus, Botswana, China, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gambia, Indonesia, Luxemburg, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Senegal, Sudan, Suriname, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan The Assembly has four types of committees: (1) Main Committees, (2) procedural committees, (3) standing committees, (4) subsidiary and ad hoc bodies. In addition, it convenes conferences to deal with specific subjects.

Main Committees By resolution 47/233, the General Assembly rationalized its Committee structure as follows: Disarmament and International Security Committee (First Committee), Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee), Economic and Financial Committee (Second Committee), Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee (Third Committee), Administrative and Budgetary Committee (Fifth Committee), Legal Committee (Sixth Committee). The General Assembly may constitute other committees, on which all Member States of the United Nations have the right to be represented. OFFICERS OF THE MAIN COMMITTEES

Resumed sixty-fourth session Fourth Committee3

Chairperson: Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser (Qatar) Vice-Chairpersons: Ridas Petkus (Lithuania), Heidi Schroderus-Fox (Finland), Reniery Valladares (Honduras) Rapporteur: Mohammed Osman Sidahmed Mohammed Ali (Sudan) Fifth Committee3

Chairperson: Peter Maurer (Switzerland) Vice-Chairpersons: Danilo Rosales Diaz (Nicaragua), Babou Sène (Senegal), Sirithon Wairatpanij (Thailand) Rapporteur: Yuliana Zhivkova Georgieva (Bulgaria) Sixty-fifth session First Committee

Chairperson: Miloš Koterec (Slovakia)4 Vice-Chairpersons: Hossam Eldeen Aly (Egypt), Herman Schaper (Netherlands), Carlos Sorreta (Philippines) Rapporteur: Enrique Ochoa (Mexico)

Chairperson: Enkhtsetseg Ochir (Mongolia)4 Vice-Chairpersons: Erik Lundberg (Finland), Csilla Wurtz (Hungary), Jean Claudy Pierre (Haiti) Rapporteur: Paul Empole (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Third Committee

Chairperson: Michel Tommo Monthe (Cameroon)4 Vice-Chairpersons: Margareta Ploder (Austria), M. Luz Melon (Argentina), Waheed A. Al-Shami (Yemen) Rapporteur: Aisif Garayev (Azerbaijan) Fifth Committee

Chairperson: Gert Rosenthal (Guatemala)4 Vice-Chairpersons: Muhammad Irfan Soomro (Pakistan), Ioana Sanda Stoica (Romania), Josiel Motumisi Tawana (South Africa) Rapporteur: Nicole Mannion (Ireland) Sixth Committee

Chairperson: Isabelle Picco (Monaco)4 Vice-Chairpersons: Reta Alemu Nega (Ethiopia), Chull-joo Park (Republic of Korea), Eva Šurkova (Slovakia) Rapporteur: Glenna Cabello de Daboin (Venezuela)

Procedural committees General Committee

The General Committee consists of the President of the General Assembly, as Chairperson, the 21 Vice-Presidents and the Chairpersons of the six Main Committees. Credentials Committee

The Credentials Committee consists of nine members appointed by the General Assembly on the proposal of the President. Resumed sixty-fourth session Brazil, China, Jamaica, Philippines, Russian Federation, Spain, United Republic of Tanzania, United States, Zambia Sixty-fifth session5 Bahamas, China, Finland, Gabon, Guatemala, Kenya, Russian Federation, Singapore, United States

Standing committees The two standing committees consist of experts appointed in their individual capacity for three-year terms. Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ)

Chairperson: Susan McLurg (United States) To serve until 31 December 2010: Jorge Flores Callejas (Honduras), Imtiaz Hussain (Pakistan), Misako Kaji (Japan)6, Anupam Ray (India)7 To serve until 31 December 2011: Aїcha Afifi (Morocco), Renata Archini (Italy), Vladimir A. Iosifov (Russian Federation), Susan M. McLurg (United States), Alejandro Torres Lépori (Argentina) To serve until 31 December 2012: Jasminka Dinić (Croatia), Collen V. Kelapile (Botswana), Stafford O. Neil (Jamaica), Mohammad Mustafa Tal (Jordan), Nonye Udo (Nigeria)

1518

Structure of the United Nations On 19 November 2010 (dec. 65/406 A), the General Assembly appointed the following for a three-year term beginning on 1 January 2011 to fill vacancies occurring on 31 December 2010: Namgya C. Khampa (India), Peter Maddens (Belgium), Richard Moon (United Kingdom), Carlos Ruiz Massieu (Mexico), Akira Sugiyama (Japan), Zhang Wanhai (China). Committee on Contributions

To serve until 31 December 2010: Joseph Acakpo-Satchivi (Benin), Abdelmalek Bouheddou (Algeria), Gordon Eckersley (Australia), Bernardo Greiver del Hoyo (Uruguay), Luis Mariano Hermosillo Sosa (Mexico), Eduardo Manuel da Fonseca Fernandes Ramos (Portugal) To serve until 31 December 2011: Andrei V. Kovalenko (Russian Federation)8, Richard Moon (United Kingdom), Park Hae-yun (Republic of Korea), Gönke Roscher (Germany), Courtney H. Williams (Jamaica), Wu Gang (China) To serve until 31 December 2012: Andrzej T. Abraszewski (Poland), Meshal Al-Mansour (Kuwait), Elmi Ahmed Dualeh (Somalia), Ihor V. Humenny (Ukraine), Lisa P. Spratt (United States), Shigeki Sumi (Japan) On 19 November 2010 (dec. 65/407 A), the General Assembly appointed the following for a three-year term beginning on 1 January 2011 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 2010: Joseph Acakpo-Satchivi (Benin), Gordon Eckersley (Australia), Bernardo Greiver Del Hoyo (Uruguay), Juan Mbomio Ndong Mangue (Equatorial Guinea), Pedro Luis Pedroso Cuesta (Cuba), Thomas Schlesinger (Austria).

Subsidiary and ad hoc bodies The following is a list of subsidiary and ad hoc bodies functioning in 2010, including the number of members, dates of meetings/ sessions in 2010, document numbers of reports (which generally provide specific information on membership), and relevant decision numbers pertaining to elections. Ad Hoc Committee on the Administration of Justice at the United Nations

Session: Did not meet in 2010 Membership: Open to all Member States of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies or of IAEA Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Accountability of United Nations Officials and Experts on Mission

Session: Did not meet in 2010 Membership: Open to all Member States of the United Nations or members of the specialized agencies or of IAEA Ad Hoc Committee established by General Assembly resolution 51/210 of 17 December 1996

Session: Fourteenth, New York, 12–16 April Chairperson: Rohan Perera (Sri Lanka) Membership: Open to all Member States of the United Nations or members of the specialized agencies or of IAEA Report: A/65/37 Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean

Meeting: Did not meet in 2010 Membership: 43 Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters

Sessions: Fifty-third, New York, 24–26 February; fifty-fourth, Geneva, 7–9 July Chairperson: Carlo Trezza (Italy) Membership: 15 (plus the UNIDIR Director as an ex-officio member) Report: A/65/228 Advisory Committee on the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law

Session: Forty-fifth, New York, 14 October Chairperson: Ebenezer Appreku (Ghana) Membership: 25 Report: A/65/514

1519 Board of Auditors

Sessions: Sixty-fourth regular session, New York, 19–21 July; fortieth special session, Bonn, Germany, 7 December Chairperson: Terence Nombembe (South Africa) Membership: 3 Committee on Conferences

Sessions: New York, 30 March (organizational); 30 August– 3 September (substantive) Chairperson: Claudia Corti (Argentina) Membership: 19 Report: A/65/32 Decisions: GA 64/407 B, GA 65/405 A Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People

Meetings: Throughout the year Chairperson: Paul Badji (Senegal) Membership: 24 Report: A/65/35 Decision: GA 64/429 Committee on Information

Session: Thirty-second, New York, 26 April–7 May Chairperson: Antonio Pedro Monteiro Lima (Cape Verde) Membership: 112 Report: A/65/21 Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space

Session: Fifty-third, Vienna, 9–18 June Chairperson: Dumitru-Dorin Prunariu (Romania) Membership: 69 Report: A/65/20 Committee for Programme and Coordination (CPC)

Sessions: Fiftieth, New York, 29 April (organizational); 7 June–2 July (substantive) Chairperson: Vladimir Pavlovich (Belarus) Membership: 34 Report: A/65/16 Decision: GA 65/404 Committee on Relations with the Host Country

Meetings: New York, 17 February, 20 May, 1 and 29 September, 28 October Chairperson: Minas Hadjimichael (Cyprus) Membership: 19 (including the United States as host country) Report: A/65/26 Committee for the United Nations Population Award

Chairperson: Hamidon Ali (Malaysia) Membership: 10 (plus the Secretary-General and the UNFPA Executive Director as ex-officio members) Report: A/65/216 Decision: ESC 2010/201 A Disarmament Commission

Sessions: New York, 15 March (organizational); 29 March–16 April (substantive) Chairperson: Jean-Francis Régis Zinsou (Benin) Membership: All Member States of the United Nations Report: A/65/42 High-level Committee on South-South Cooperation

Session: Sixteenth, New York, 4 February President: Zachary D. Muburi Muita (Kenya) Membership: All Member States of the United Nations Report: A/65/39

Appendix III

1520 Human Rights Council

Sessions: Thirteenth special, 27–28 January; fourteenth special, 23 December; thirteenth regular, 1–26 March; fourteenth regular, 31 May–18 June; fifteenth regular, 13 September–1 October; all in Geneva President: Alex Van Meeuwen (Belgium) (until June); Sihasak Phuangketkeow (from June) Membership: 47 Reports: A/65/53, A/65/53/Add.1, A/66/53 Decision: GA 64/421 Independent Audit Advisory Committee

Sessions: Ninth, 17–19 February; tenth, 19–21 May; eleventh, 21–23 July; twelfth, 15–16 December; all in New York Chairperson: David M. Walker (United States) Membership: 5 Reports: A/65/329, A/66/299 Decision: GA 65/410 International Civil Service Commission (ICSC)

Sessions: Seventieth, Santiago, Chile, 22 February–5 March; seventy-first, New York, 26 July–6 August Chairperson: Kingston P. Rhodes (Sierra Leone) Membership: 15 Report: A/65/30 Decisions: GA 64/412 B, GA 65/409 A dvisory Committee on Post A djustment Q uestions

Session: Thirty-second, New York, 25 January–1 February Chairperson: Wolfgang Stöckl (Germany) Membership: 6 International Law Commission

Session: Sixty-second, Geneva, 3 May–4 June, 5 July–6 August Chairperson: Xue Hanqin (China) (through June); Nugroho Wisnumurti (Indonesia) (from July) Membership: 34 Report: A/65/10 Investments Committee

Chairperson: William J. McDonough (United States) Membership: 9 (plus two ad hoc members) Decision: GA 65/408 Joint Advisory Group on the International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO

Session: Forty-fourth, Geneva, 16–17 December Chairperson: Darlington Mwape (Zambia) Membership: Open to all member States of UNCTAD and WTO Report: ITC/AG(XLIV)/238 Joint Inspection Unit (JIU)

Chairperson: Gérard Biraud (France) Membership: 11 Report: A/65/34 Decision: GA 64/425 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

E xecutive Committee of the H igh Commissioner ’s Programme Session: Sixty-first, Geneva, 4–8 October Chairperson: Hisham Badr (Egypt) Membership: 79 Report: A/65/12/Add.1 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B High Commissioner: António Guterres Panel of External Auditors

Session: Fifty-first, Berne, Switzerland, 6–7 December Membership: Members of the UN Board of Auditors and appointed external auditors of the specialized agencies and of IAEA

Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization

Meetings: New York, 1, 2 and 9 March Chairperson: Carlos D. Sorreta (Philippines) Membership: Open to all Member States of the United Nations Report: A/65/33 Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories

Chairperson: Palitha T. B. Kohona (Sri Lanka) Membership: 3 Report: A/65/327 Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations

Meetings: New York, 22 February–19 March Chairperson: U. Joy Ogwu (Nigeria) Membership: 145 Report: A/64/19 Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

Session: New York, 25 February, 18 and 30 March (first part); 15 and 21–25 June (second part) Chairperson: Donatus Keith St. Aimee (Saint Lucia) Membership: 28 Report: A/65/23 United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)

Session: Forty-third, New York, 21 June–9 July Chairperson: Ricardo Sandoval López (Chile) Membership: 60 Report: A/65/17 Decision: GA 64/405 B & C United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine

Membership: 3 Reports: A/65/225, A/66/296 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

Session: Did not meet in 2010 Membership: Open to all Member States of the United Nations or members of the specialized agencies or of IAEA Secretary-General: Supachai Panitchpakdi (Thailand)

Trade and D evelopment B oard Sessions: Fifty-seventh (annual), 15–28 September; forty-ninth, 8–9 June; fiftieth, 8 July; fifty-first, 29–30 November and 2 December (all executive); all in Geneva President: Luis Manuel Piantini Munnigh (Dominican Republic) (fifty-seventh annual); Jean Feyder (Luxembourg) (forty-ninth and fiftieth executive); Ibrahim S.M. Al-Adoofi (Yemen) (fifty-first executive) Membership: Open to all member States of UNCTAD Reports: TD/B/57/8, TD/B/EX(49)/4, TD/B/EX(50)/5, TD/B/EX(51)/5 INVESTMENT, ENTERPRISE AND DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION Session: Second, Geneva, 26–30 April Chairperson: Maurice Peter Kagimu Kiwanuka (Uganda) Membership: Open to all member States of UNCTAD Report: TD/B/C.II/10 TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION Session: Second, Geneva, 3–7 May Chairperson: A. Hernandez Basave (Mexico) Membership: Open to all member States of UNCTAD Report: TD/B/C.I/13

Structure of the United Nations Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Competition Law and Policy Session: Did not meet in 2010 Membership: Open to all member States of UNCTAD WORKING PARTY ON THE FRAMEWORK STRATEGIC AND THE PROGRAMME BUDGET Sessions: Fifty-fifth, 15–16 February; fifty-sixth, 6–8 September; fifty-seventh, 22–24 November and 2 December; all in Geneva Chairperson: Vassily Nebenzia (Russian Federation) (fifty-fifth); Carmen Elena Castillo-Gallandat (El Salvador) (fifty-sixth); Bakary Junior Bamba (Côte d’Ivoire) (fifty-seventh) Membership: Open to all member States of UNCTAD Reports: TD/B/WP/220, TD/B/WP/225, TD/B/WP/227 United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women)9

E xecutive B oard Session: New York, 15 and 22 December (organizational) Chairperson: Hamidon Ali (Malaysia) Membership: 41 Executive Director: Michelle Bachelet (Chile) Report: UNW/2011/1 Resolution: GA 64/289 Decision: ESC 2010/201 F United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

G overning Council Session: Eleventh special, Bali, Indonesia, 24–26 February President: Oliver Dulić (Serbia) Membership: 58 Report: A/65/25 Decision: 64/406 B Executive Director: Achim Steiner (Germany) United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)

G overning Council Session: Did not meet in 2010 Membership: 58 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B & C Executive Director: Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka (Tanzania)10 United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR)

B oard of Trustees Sessions: Fifty-third, New York, 24–26 February; fifty-fourth, Geneva, 7–9 July Chairperson: Carlo Trezza (Italy) Membership: 15 (plus 1 ex-officio member) Reports: A/65/177, A/65/228 Director: Theresa Hitchens (United States) United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)

B oard of Trustees Session: Forty-ninth, Beijing, 28–29 June Chairperson: Henri Lopes (Congo) Membership: 15 (plus ex-officio members) Report: UNITAR/BT/2010/1 Executive Director: Carlos Lopes (Guinea-Bissau) United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board

Session: Fifty-seventh, London, 15–23 July Chairperson: Vladimir Yossifov (Bulgaria) Membership: 33 Report: A/65/9 Chief Executive Officer: Bernard Cochemé (France)

1521 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)

A dvisory Commission of UNRWA Meeting: Cairo, Egypt, 21–22 June Chairperson: Amr Aboulatta (Egypt) Membership: 23 Report: A/65/13 Working Group on the financing of UNRWA Meetings: New York, 13, 28 September, 6 October, 28 October (regular); 15 March (extraordinary) Chairperson: Ertuğrul Apakan (Turkey) Membership: 9 Report: A/65/551 Commissioner-General: Filippo Grandi (Italy) United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation

Session: Fifty-seventh, Vienna, 16–20 August Chairperson: Norman Gentner (Canada) Membership: 21 Report: A/65/46 United Nations Staff Pension Committee

Membership: 12 United Nations University (UNU)

Council of the U nited Nations U niversity Session: Fifty-seventh, Tokyo, 29 November–2 December Chairperson: Juan Ramón de la Fuente (Mexico) Membership: 24 (plus 3 ex-officio members and the UNU Rector) Rector: Konrad Osterwalder (Switzerland) Report: E/2011/129 United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Populations

B oard of Trustees Session: Twenty-third, Geneva, 8–12 February Chairperson: Kenneth Deer (Canada) Membership: 5 Report: A/65/163 United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture

B oard of Trustees Sessions: Thirty-second, 1–3 February; thirty-third, 8–22 October; all in Geneva Chairperson: Mercedes Doretti (Argentina) Membership: 5 Reports: A/65/265, A/66/276 United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund on Contemporary Forms of Slavery

B oard of Trustees Session: Fifteenth, Geneva, 6–10 December Chairperson: David Weissbrodt (United States) Membership: 5 Report: A/66/217

Appendix III

1522 Security Council

The Security Council consists of 15 Member States of the United Nations (five permanent members and ten nonpermanent members), in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of the United Nations Charter as amended in 1965. MEMBERS Permanent members: China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, United States Non-permanent members: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Gabon, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, Turkey, Uganda On 12 October 2010 (dec. 65/402), the General Assembly elected Colombia, Germany, India, Portugal and South Africa for a two-year term beginning on 1 January 2011, to replace Austria, Japan, Mexico, Turkey and Uganda, whose terms of office were to expire on 31 December 2010. PRESIDENT The presidency of the Council rotates monthly, according to the English alphabetical listing of its Member States. The following served as President during 2010: Month

Member

Representative

January February March April May June July August September October November December

China France Gabon Japan Lebanon Mexico Nigeria Russian Federation Turkey Uganda United Kingdom United States

Zhang Yesui Gérald Araud Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet Yukio Takasu Nawaf Salam Claude Heller Joy Ogwu Vitaly Churkin Ertuğrul Apakan Ruhakana Rugunda Mark Lyall Grant Susan Rice

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

President: Judge Dennis Byron (Saint Kitts and Nevis) Under-Secretary-General, Prosecutor: Hassan Bubacar Jallow (Gambia) Assistant Secretary-General, Registrar: Adama Dieng (Senegal)

Advisory Subsidiary body Peacebuilding Commission (PBC)11

O rganizational Committee Session: Fourth, New York, 27 January and 16 September Chairperson: Peter Wittig (Germany) Membership: 31 Report: A/65/701-S/2011/41 Decisions: GA 65/411, ESC 2010/201 G

Peacekeeping operations United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)

Head of Mission, Chief of Staff: Major General Robert Mood United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)

Chief Military Observer: Major General Kim Moon Hwa United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Tayé-Brook Zerihoun (until April), Lisa M. Buttenheim (from June) Force Commander: Rear Admiral Mario César Sánchez Debernardi United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)

Military Staff Committee

Head of Mission and Force Commander: Major General Natalio C. Ecarma

The Military Staff Committee consists of the chiefs of staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their representatives. It meets fortnightly.

Force Commander: Major General Claudio Graziano (until January), Major General Alberto Asarta Cuevas (from February)

Standing committees Each of the three standing committees of the Security Council is composed of representatives of all Council members: Committee of Experts (to examine the provisional rules of procedure of the Council and any other matters entrusted to it by the Council), Committee on the Admission of New Members, Committee on Council Meetings Away from Headquarters.

Subsidiary bodies Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC)

Chairperson: Ertuğrul Apakan (Turkey) Membership: 15 United Nations Compensation Commission

G overning Council Sessions: Sixty-ninth, 27–29 April; seventieth, 9–11 November; all in Geneva President: Christian Strohal (Austria) Membership: 15 Reports: S/2010/208, S/2010/587 1540 Committee

Chairman: Claude Heller (Mexico) Membership: 15 International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

President: Judge Patrick Robinson (Jamaica) Under-Secretary-General, Prosecutor: Serge Brammertz (Belgium) Assistant Secretary-General, Registrar: John Hocking (Australia)

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)

United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Hany Abdel-Aziz Force Commander: Major General Zhao Jingmin United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Lamberto Zannier OSCE Head of Mission in Kosovo: Jean-Claude Schlumberger Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General: Robert E. Sorenson United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)12

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Alan Doss Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General: Fidèle Sarassoro Force Commander: Lieutenant General Babacar Gaye Police Commissioner: Abdallah Wafy United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO)13

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Roger A. Meece Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General: Fidèle Sarassoro Force Commander: Lieutenant General Chander Prakash

Structure of the United Nations United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Ellen Margrethe Løj Deputy Special Representative: Moustapha Soumaré Deputy Special Representative for Rule of Law: Henrietta Joy Abena Nyarko Mensa-Bonsu Force Commander: Lieutenant General Sikander Afzal (until November), Major General Muhammad Khalid (from November) United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Choi Young-jin Principal Deputy Special Representative: Abou Moussa Deputy Special Representative: Georg Charpentier (until March), Steven Ursino (ad interim since March), Ndolamb Ngokwey (from July) Force Commander: Major General Fernand Marcel Amoussou (until March), Major General Abdul Hafiz (from March) United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Hédi Annabi (until 12 January)14, Edmond Mulet (from 14 January) Principal Deputy Special Representative: Luiz Carlos da Costa (until 12 January)14, Kevin Kennedy (from April) Deputy Special Representative and Humanitarian Coordinator: Kim Bolduc (until April), Nigel Fisher (ad interim from May) Force Commander: Major General Floriano Peixoto Vieira Neto (until March), Major General Luiz Guilherme Paul Cruz (from April) United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Ashraf Jehangir Qazi (until February), Haile Menkerios (from March) Deputy Special Representative and Humanitarian Coordinator: Georg Charpentier Deputy Special Representative: Jasbir Singh Lidder Force Commander: Major General Paban Jung Thapa (until May), Major General Moses Bisong Obi (from June) Police Commissioner: Rajesh Dewan United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Ameerah Haq Deputy Special Representative for Governance Support, Development and Humanitarian Coordination: Finn Reske-Nielsen Deputy Special Representative for Security Sector Support and Rule of Law: Takahisa Kawakami (until March), Shigeru Mochida (from July) Police Commissioner: Luis Carrilho African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)

AU-UN Joint Special Representative for Darfur and Head of Mission: Ibrahim Gambari Deputy Joint Special Representative for Operations and Management: Mohamed Yonis Force Commander: Lieutenant General Patrick Nyamvumba Police Commissioner: Major General Michael Fryer United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT) 15

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Victor da Silva Angelo (until March), Youssef Mahmoud (from June) Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General: Rima Salah Force Commander: Major General Elhadji Mouhamedou Kandji Police Commissioners: Mamadou Mountaga Diallo

1523 Political, peacebuilding and other missions United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of UNPOS: Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah (until June), Augustine P. Mahiga (from June) Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Somalia: Charles Petrie (until March) United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS)16

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of UNIOGBIS: Joseph Mutaboba Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East (UNSCO)

Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority: Robert H. Serry Deputy Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process: Maxwell Gaylard United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in the Central African Republic (BINUCA)17

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of BINUCA: Sahle-Work Zewde Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General: Bo Schack Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator of the Secretary-General for Lebanon (UNSCOL)

Special Coordinator of the Secretary-General for Lebanon: Michael C. Williams Deputy Special Coordinator: Marta Ruedas Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for West Africa (UNOWA)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of UNOWA: Said Djinnit United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission: Kai Eide (until February), Staffan de Mistura (from March) Deputy Special Representative: Robert Watkins Deputy Special Representative (political) : Martin Kobler United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Iraq and Head of Mission: Ad Melkert Deputy Special Representative for Political, Electoral and Constitutional Support: Jerzy Skuratowicz Deputy Special Representative for Humanitarian, Reconstruction and Development Affairs: Christine McNab United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone (UNIPSIL)

Executive Representative of the Secretary-General: Michael von der Schulenburg United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (BINUB)

Executive Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of BINUB: Youssef Mahmoud (until March), Charles Petrie (from April) Deputy Special Representative: Bintou Keita United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN)

Representative of the Secretary-General in Nepal and Head of Mission: Karin Landgren United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia (UNRCCA)

Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of UNRCCA: Miroslav Jenča

Appendix III

1524 Economic and Social Council

The Economic and Social Council consists of 54 Member States of the United Nations, elected by the General Assembly, each for a three-year term, in accordance with the provisions of Article 61 of the United Nations Charter as amended in 1965 and 1973. MEMBERS To serve until 31 December 2010: Australia, Brazil, Cameroon, China, Congo, Finland, Malaysia, Moldova, Mozambique, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, United Kingdom, Uruguay To serve until 31 December 2011: Côte d’Ivoire, Estonia, France, Germany, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, India, Japan, Liechtenstein, Malta, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Venezuela To serve until 31 December 2012: Argentina, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Comoros, Egypt, Ghana, Iraq, Italy, Mongolia, Philippines, Rwanda, Slovakia, Ukraine, United States, Zambia On 25 October 2010 (decision 65/403), the General Assembly elected Spain and Switzerland as members of the Economic and Social Council for the remainder of the terms of office of Turkey and Liechtenstein, respectively, beginning on 1 January 2011. At the same meeting, the General Assembly elected the following for a three-year term of office beginning on 1 January 2011 to fill vacancies occurring on 31 December 2010: Australia, Cameroon, China, Ecuador, Finland, Gabon, Hungary, Latvia, Malawi, Mexico, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Senegal, United Kingdom. SESSIONS Organizational session: New York, 19 January, 9 and 12 February Resumed organizational session: New York, 28 April and 21 May Special high-level meeting with the Bretton Woods institutions, the World Trade Organization and UNCTAD: New York, 18–19 March Substantive session: New York, 28 June–23 July Resumed substantive session: New York, 9 September, 25 October, 10 November, 14–15 December OFFICERS President: Hamidon Ali (Malaysia) Vice-Presidents: Somduth Soborun (Mauritius), Alexandru Cujba (Moldova), Heraldo Muñoz (Chile), Morten Wetland (Norway)

Subsidiary and other related organs SUBSIDIARY ORGANS The Economic and Social Council may, at each session, set up committees or working groups of the whole or of limited membership, and refer to them any item on the agenda for study and report. Other subsidiary organs reporting to the Council consist of functional commissions, regional commissions, standing committees, expert bodies and ad hoc bodies. The inter-agency United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination also reports to the Council.

Functional commissions Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

Sessions: Nineteenth, Vienna, 17–21 May (regular); 3 December (resumed) Chairperson: Eugenio María Curia (Argentina) Membership: 40 Report: E/2010/30 Commission on Narcotic Drugs

Sessions: Fifty-third, Vienna, 8–12 March; 2 December (resumed) Chairperson: Ali Ashgar Soltanieh (Iran) Membership: 53 Report: E/2010/28

Commission on Population and Development

Session: Forty-third, New York, 12–16 April Chairman: Daniel Carmon (Israel) Membership: 47 Report: E/2010/25 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B & C Commission on Science and Technology for Development

Session: Thirteenth, Geneva, 17–21 May Intersessional panel: 15–17 December Chairman: Frédéric Riehl (Switzerland) Membership: 43 Report: E/2010/31 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B & G Commission for Social Development

Session: Forty-eighth, New York, 3–12 and 19 February Chairperson: Leslie Kojo Christian (Ghana) Membership: 46 Report: E/2010/26 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B Commission on the Status of Women

Session: Fifty-fourth, New York, 1–12 March Chairperson: Garen Nazarian (Armenia) Membership: 45 Report: E/2010/27 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B Commission on Sustainable Development

Session: Eighteenth, New York, 3–14 May Chairperson: Luis Alberto Ferraté Felice (Guatemala) Membership: 53 Report: E/2010/29 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B Statistical Commission

Session: Forty-first, New York, 23–26 February Chairperson: Ali bin Mahboob Al-Raisi (Oman) Membership: 24 Report: E/2010/24 United Nations Forum on Forests

Session: Did not meet in 2010 Membership: Open to all Member States of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies

Regional commissions Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)

Session: Forty-third session of the Commission/Third Joint Annual Meetings of the African Union Conference of Ministers of Economy and Finance and the ECA Conference of African Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Lilongwe, Malawi, 25–30 March Chairperson: Bingu wa Mutharika (Malawi) Membership: 53 Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)

Session: Did not meet in 2010 Membership: 56 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

Session: Thirty-third session, Brasilia, Brazil, 30 May–1 June Chairperson: President of Brazil Membership: 44 members, 9 associate members Report: E/2012/40

Structure of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

Session: Sixty-sixth, Incheon, Republic of Korea, 13–19 May Chairperson: Kim Jong-hoon (Republic of Korea) Membership: 53 members, 9 associate members Report: E/2010/39 Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)

Session: Twenty-sixth, Beirut, Lebanon, 17–20 May Chairpersons: Zeina Toukan (Jordan) for the senior officials’ segment; Jaafar Hassan (Jordan) for the ministerial segment Membership: 14 Report: E/2010/41

Standing committees Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations

Sessions: New York, 25 January–3 February (regular); 26 May–4 June and 18 June (resumed) Chairperson: Ramis Sen (Turkey) Membership: 19 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B Reports: E/2010/32 (Part I), E/2010/32 (Part II) Committee for Programme and Coordination (CPC)

Sessions: Fiftieth, New York, 29 April (organizational); 7 June–2 July (substantive) Chairman: Vladimir Pavlovich (Belarus) Membership: 34 Report: A/65/16 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B

Expert bodies Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters

Session: Sixth, Geneva, 18–22 October Chairperson: Armando Lara Yaffar (Mexico) Membership: 25 Report: E/2010/45 Decision: ESC 2010/201 E Committee for Development Policy

Session: Twelfth, New York, 22–26 March Chairperson: Frances Stewart (United Kingdom) Membership: 24 Report: E/2010/33 Decision: ESC 2010/201 C Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Sessions: Forty-fourth, 3–21 May; forty-fifth, 1–19 November; all in Geneva Chairperson: Jaime Marchan-Romero (Ecuador) Membership: 18 Report: E/2011/22 Decision: ESC 2010/201 E Committee of Experts on Public Administration

Session: Ninth, New York, 19–23 April Chairperson: Luis F. Aguilar Villanueva (Mexico) Membership: 24 Report: E/2010/44 Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

Session: Fifth, Geneva, 10 December Chairperson: Claude Pfauvadel (France) Membership: 65 Report: ST/SG/AC.10/38 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B & E

1525 Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting

Session: Twenty-seventh, Geneva, 13–15 October Chairperson: Nancy Kamp-Roelands (Netherlands) Membership: 34 Report: TD/B/C.II/ISAR/57 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B & G Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues

Session: Ninth, New York, 19–30 April Chairperson: Carlos Mamani Condori (Bolivia) Membership: 16 Report: E/2010/43 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B & G United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names

Session: Did not meet in 2010 Membership: Representatives of the 24 geographical/linguistic divisions of the Group of Experts

Ad hoc body United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB)

Sessions: First, Vienna, 9 April; second, New York, 5 November Chairman: Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (Republic of Korea) Membership: 29 Reports: CEB/2010/1, CEB/2010/2

Other related bodies International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW)18

E xecutive B oard Membership: 10 Acting Director: Carolina Taborga (Bolivia) (until June); Yassine Fall (Senegal) (from July) Joint United Nations Programme on Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (UNAIDS)

Programme Coordinating B oard Meetings: Twenty-sixth, 22–24 June; twenty-seventh, 6–8 December; all in Geneva Chairperson: Marijke Wijnroks (Netherlands) Membership: 22 Reports: UNAIDS/PCB(26)/10.15, UNAIDS/PCB(27)/10.27 Executive Director: Michel Sidibé (Mali) Decision: ESC 2010/201 B United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

E xecutive B oard Sessions: First, 12–14 January (regular); second, 7–9 September (regular); annual, 1–4 June; all in New York President: Abulkalam Abdul Momen (Bangladesh) Membership: 36 Report: E/2010/34/Rev.1 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B Executive Director: Ann M. Veneman (United States) (until April), Anthony Lake (United States) (from May) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/ United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)/ United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS)19

E xecutive B oard Sessions: First, 19–22 January (regular); second, 30 August–3 September (regular); all in New York; annual, Geneva, 21 June–2 July President: John W. Ashe (Antigua and Barbuda) Membership: 36 Report: E/2010/35 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B

Appendix III

1526 Administrator of UNDP: Helen Clark (New Zealand) Associate Administrator: Ad Melkert (Netherlands) (until 1 February); Rebeca Grynspan (Costa Rica) Executive Director of UNFPA: Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia) Executive Director of UNOPS: Jan Mattsson (Sweden) United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) The UNDP/UNFPA/UNOPS Executive Board acts as the Executive Board of the Fund. Managing Director: Helen Clark (UNDP Administrator) United Nations Volunteers (UNV) Report: DP/2012/12

United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI)

B oard of Trustees Membership: 7 (plus 4 ex-officio members) Director: Sandro Calvani (Italy) (until February); Jonathan Lucas (Seychelles) (from February) United Nations System Staff College (UNSSC)

Board of Governors Chairperson: Asha-Rose Migiro (Tanzania) Membership: 9 (plus 3 ex-officio members) Director: Carlos Lopes (Guinea-Bissau)

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)

World Food Programme (WFP)

B oard of Trustees

Sessions: First, 8–11 February (regular); second, 8–11 November (regular); annual, 7–11 June; all in Rome President: Sabas Pretelt de la Vega (Colombia) Membership: 36 Report: E/2011/36 Decision: ESC 2010/201 B Executive Director: Josette Sheeran (United States)

E xecutive B oard

Session: Forty-eighth, Geneva, 22–23 June Chairperson: Lourdes Arizpe (Mexico) Membership: 10 Reports: Board/10/3, Board/11/3 Director: Sarah Cook (United Kingdom)

Trusteeship Council The Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994 following the independence of Palau, the last remaining United Nations trust territory, on 1 October 1994. The General Assembly, by resolution 60/1 of 16 September 2005, considering

that the Council no longer met and had no remaining functions, resolved that Chapter XIII of the United Nations Charter and references to the Council in Chapter XII should be deleted.

International Court of Justice

Judges of the Court

Parties to the Court’s Statute

The International Court of Justice consists of 15 Judges elected for nine-year terms by the General Assembly and the Security Council.

All Member States of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

Judge

Country of nationality

Hisashi Owada, President Peter Tomka, Vice-President Xue Hanqin 20 Abdul G. Koroma Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh Thomas Buergenthal21 Bruno Simma Ronny Abraham Kenneth Keith Bernardo Sepúlveda Amor Mohamed Bennouna Leonid Skotnikov Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade Abdulqawi Ahmed Yusuf Christopher Greenwood

Japan Slovakia China Sierra Leone Jordan United States Germany France New Zealand Mexico Morocco Russian Federation Brazil Somalia United Kingdom

End of term

2012 2012 2012 2012 2018 2015 2012 2018 2015 2015 2015 2015 2018 2018 2018

Registrar: Philippe Couvreur Deputy Registrar: Thérèse de Saint Phalle Chamber of Summary Procedure

Members: Hisashi Owada (ex officio), Peter Tomka (ex officio), Abdul G. Koroma, Thomas Burgenthal, Bruno Simma Substitute members: Leonid Skotnikov, Christopher Greenwood

States accepting the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court

Declarations made by the following States—several with reservations—accepting the Court’s compulsory jurisdiction (or made under the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and deemed to be an acceptance of the jurisdiction of the International Court), were in force at the end of 2010: Australia, Austria, Barbados, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Japan, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Senegal, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Uganda, United Kingdom, Uruguay. United Nations organs and specialized and related agencies authorized to request advisory opinions from the Court

Authorized by the United Nations Charter to request opinions on any legal question: General Assembly, Security Council

Structure of the United Nations

1527

Authorized by the General Assembly in accordance with the Charter to request opinions on legal questions arising within the scope of their activities: Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, Interim Committee of the General Assembly, ILO, FAO, UNESCO, ICAO, WHO, IBRD, IFC, IDA, IMF, ITU, WMO, IMO, WIPO, IFAD, UNIDO, IAEA Committees of the Court

BUDGETARY AND ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE Members: Hisashi Owada (Chairperson) (ex officio), Peter Tomka (ex officio), Kenneth Keith, Bernardo Sepúlveda Amor, Mohamed Bennouna, Abdulqawi Ahmed Yusuf, Christopher Greenwood

LIBRARY COMMITTEE Members: Thomas Buergenthal (Chairperson) (until September), Bruno Simma (Chairperson) (from September), Ronny Abraham, Mohamed Bennouna, Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade RULES COMMITTEE Members: Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh (Chairperson), Ronny Abraham, Kenneth Keith, Leonid Skotnikov, Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade, Christopher Greenwood

Other United Nations-related bodies The following bodies are not subsidiary to any principal organ of the United Nations but were established by an international treaty instrument or arrangement sponsored by the United Nations and are thus related to the Organization and its work. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)

Sessions: Forty-fifth, Geneva, 18 January–5 February; forty-sixth, New York, 12–30 July; forty-seventh, Geneva, 4–22 October Chairperson: Naéla Gabr (Egypt) Membership: 23 Reports: A/65/38, A/66/38 Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD)

Sessions: Seventy-sixth, 15 February–12 March; seventy-seventh, 2–27 August; all in Geneva Chairperson: Anwar Kemal (Pakistan) Membership: 18 Report: A/65/18 Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

Sessions: Twelfth, 26–30 April; thirteenth, 22 November–3 December; all in Geneva Chairperson: Abdelhamid El Jamri (Morocco) Membership: 14 Reports: A/65/48, A/66/48 Committee on the Rights of the Child

Sessions: Fifty-third, 11–29 January; fifty-fourth, 25 May–11 June; fifty-fifth, 13 September–1 October; all in Geneva Chairperson: Yanghee Lee (Republic of Korea) Membership: 18 Reports: A/65/41, A/67/41

These bodies, often referred to as “Treaty organs”, are serviced by the United Nations Secretariat and may be financed in part or wholly from the Organization’s regular budget, as authorized by the General Assembly, to which most of them report annually. Committee against Torture

Sessions: Forty-fourth, 26 April–14 May; forty-fifth, 1–19 November; all in Geneva Chairperson: Claudio Grossman (Chile) Membership: 10 Reports: A/65/44, A/66/44 Conference on Disarmament

Meetings: Geneva, 18 January–26 March, 31 May–16 July, 9 August– 24 September President: Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon (successively) Membership: 65 Report: A/65/27 Human Rights Committee

Sessions: Ninety-eighth, New York, 8–26 March; ninety-ninth, 12–30 July; 100th, 11–29 October; all in Geneva Chairperson: Yuji Iwasawa (Japan) Membership: 18 Reports: A/65/40 (Vol. I), A/66/40 (Vol. I) International Narcotics Control Board (INCB)

Sessions: Ninety-seventh, 1–5 February; ninety-eighth, 3–14 May; ninety-ninth, 27 October–12 November; all in Vienna President: Hamid Ghodse (Iran) Membership: 13 Report: E/INCB/2010/1 Decision: ESC 2010/201 D

Principal members of the United Nations Secretariat 22

Secretariat

Office of Legal Affairs

Secretary-General: Ban Ki-moon Deputy Secretary-General: Asha-Rose Migiro Executive Office of the Secretary-General

Under-Secretary-General, Chef de Cabinet: Vijay Nambiar Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Chef de Cabinet: Kim Won-soo Assistant Secretary-General for Policy Planning: Robert Orr

Under-Secretary-General, Legal Counsel: Patricia O’Brien Assistant Secretary-General: Peter Taksøe-Jensen (until September), D. Stephen Mathias (from September) Department of Political Affairs

Under-Secretary-General: B. Lynn Pascoe Assistant Secretary-General: Haile Menkerios (until April), Oscar Fernández-Taranco, Tayé-Brook Zerihoun (from April)

Office of Internal Oversight Services

Office for Disarmament Affairs

Under-Secretary-General: Inga-Britt Ahlenius (until September), Carman L. Lapointe (from September)

Under-Secretary-General, High Representative: Sergio de Queiroz Duarte

Appendix III

1528 Department of Peacekeeping Operations

Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia

Under-Secretary-General: Alain Le Roy (until October) Assistant Secretaries-General: Edmond Mulet (until April), Atul Khare (from May) Assistant Secretary-General, Military Adviser: Lieutenant General Chikadibia Obiakor (until September), Lieutenant General Babacar Gaye (from September)

Under-Secretary-General, Executive Secretary: Bader Al-Dafa (until September), Rima Khalaf (from September)

Department of Field Support

Under-Secretary-General: Susana Malcorra Assistant Secretary-General: Anthony Banbury Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, Emergency Relief Coordinator: John Holmes (until July), Valerie Amos (from July) Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator: Catherine Bragg Department of Economic and Social Affairs

Under-Secretary-General: Sha Zukang Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development: Kwame Sundaram Jomo Assistant Secretary-General for Policy Coordination and Inter-agency Affairs: Thomas Stelzer Department for General Assembly and Conference Management

Under-Secretary-General: Muhammad Shaaban Assistant Secretary-General: Franz Baumann Department of Public Information

Under-Secretary-General for Communications and Public Information and Coordinator for Multilingualism: Kiyotaka Akasaka Department of Safety and Security

Under-Secretary-General: Gregory B. Starr Department of Management

Under-Secretary-General: Angela Kane OFFICE OF PROGRAMME PLANNING, BUDGET AND ACCOUNTS Assistant Secretary-General, Controller: Jun Yamazaki OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Assistant Secretary-General: Catherine Pollard OFFICE OF CENTRAL SUPPORT SERVICES Assistant Secretary-General: Warren Sach CAPITAL MASTER PLAN PROJECT Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Director: Michael Adlerstein Office of Information and Communications Technology

Assistant Secretary-General, Chief Information Technology Officer: Choi Soon-Hong Office of the United Nations Ombudsman

Assistant Secretary-General, Ombudsman: Johnston Barkat Peacebuilding Support Office

Assistant Secretary-General: Judy Cheng-Hopkins United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund

Assistant Secretary-General, Chief Executive Officer: Bernard G. Cochemé Economic Commission for Africa

Under-Secretary-General, Executive Secretary: Abdoulie Janneh Economic Commission for Europe

Under-Secretary-General, Executive Secretary: Ján Kubiš Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

Under-Secretary-General, Executive Secretary: Alicia Bárcena Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

Under-Secretary-General, Executive Secretary: Noeleen Heyzer

United Nations Office at Geneva

Under-Secretary-General, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva: Sergei Ordzhonikidze United Nations Office at Vienna

Under-Secretary-General, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Vienna and Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Antonio Maria Costa (until July), Yury Fedotov (from July) United Nations Office at Nairobi

Under-Secretary-General, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Nairobi: Achim Steiner International Court of Justice Registry

Assistant Secretary-General, Registrar: Philippe Couvreur

Secretariats of subsidiary organs, special representatives and other related bodies Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate

Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Director: Michael P.F. Smith International Civil Service Commission

Under-Secretary-General, Chairman: Kingston Papie Rhodes Assistant Secretary-General, Vice-Chairman: Wolfgang Stöckl International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO

Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Director: Patricia Francis Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS

Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Michel Sidibé Under-Secretary-General, Special Adviser to the Secretary-General, Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Asia: Nafis Sadik Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Executive Director: Paul De Lay Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Executive Director: Jan Beagle Assistant Secretary-General, Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa: Elizabeth Mataka Assistant Secretary-General, Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean Region: George Alleyne Office of the Administration of Justice

Executive Director: Andrei Terekhov Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States

Under-Secretary-General, High Representative: Cheick Sidi Diarra Office of the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Malaria

Assistant Secretary-General, Special Envoy: Ray Chambers Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Africa

Under-Secretary-General, Special Adviser: Cheick Sidi Diarra Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Myanmar

Under-Secretary-General, Special Adviser: Vijay Nambiar Office of the Special Representative to the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict

Under-Secretary-General, Special Representative: Radhika Coomaraswamy

Structure of the United Nations Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide

Under-Secretary-General, Special Adviser: Francis Deng Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for West Africa

Under-Secretary-General, Special Representative: Said Djinnit Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Under-Secretary-General, High Commissioner: António Guterres Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy High Commissioner: L. Craig Johnstone (until January), Alexander Aleinikoff (from February) Assistant Secretary-General, Assistant High Commissioner (Protection): Erika Feller Assistant Secretary-General, Assistant High Commissioner (Operations): Janet Lim Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

Under-Secretary-General, High Commissioner: Navanethem Pillay Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy High Commissioner: Kyung-wha Kang Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights: Ivan Šimonović Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East

Under-Secretary-General, Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority: Robert H. Serry Deputy Special Coordinator and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority, Jerusalem: Maxwell Gaylard Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Violence against Children

Assistant Secretary-General, Special Representative: Marta Santos Pais Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Greece-FYROM Talks

Under-Secretary-General, Personal Envoy: Matthew Nimetz Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara

Under-Secretary-General, Personal Envoy: Christopher Ross Personal Representative of the Secretary-General on the Border Controversy between Guyana and Venezuela

Under-Secretary-General: Norman Girvan Secretary-General’s High-level Coordinator for compliance by Iraq with its obligations regarding the repatriation or return of all Kuwaiti and third country nationals or their remains, as well as the return of all Kuwaiti property, including archives seized by Iraq

Under-Secretary-General, High-Level Coordinator: Gennady P. Tarasov Senior UN System Coordinator for Avian and Human Influenza

Assistant Secretary-General, Senior UN System Coordinator: David Nabarro Special Advisers to the Secretary-General

Under-Secretary-General, Special Advisers: Joseph V. Reed, Iqbal Riza Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Cyprus

Under-Secretary-General, Special Adviser: Alexander Downer Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Innovative Financing for Development

Under-Secretary-General, Special Adviser: Philippe Douste-Blazy Special Adviser to the Secretary-General for Internet Governance

Under-Secretary-General, Special Adviser: Nitin Desai

1529 Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Legal Issues related to Piracy off the Coast of Somalia

Special Adviser: Jack Lang Special Adviser to the Secretary-General and Mediator in the border dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Gabon

Under-Secretary-General, Special Adviser: Nicolas Michel Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1559/2004

Under-Secretary-General, Special Envoy: Terje Roed-Larsen Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Food Security and Nutrition

Special Representative: David Nabarro Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict

Under-Secretary-General, Special Representative: Margot Wallström Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Migration

Under-Secretary-General, Special Representative: Peter Sutherland Special Representative of Secretary-General on the issue of human rights, transnational corporations and other business enterprises

Under-Secretary-General, Special Representative: John Ruggie Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the Sudan

Under-Secretary-General, Special Representative: Ashraf Jehangir Qazi (until February), Haile Menkerios (from February) Assistant Secretary-General, Principal Deputy Special Representative: Jasbir Singh Lidder Special Court for Sierra Leone

Assistant Secretary-General, Registrar: Herman von Hebel (until February), Binta Mansaray (from February) Special Tribunal for Lebanon

Assistant Secretary-General, Registrar: David Tolbert (until March), Herman von Hebel (from March) Staff-Management Coordination Committee

Assistant Secretary-General, President: Dieter Goethel United Nations Alliance of Civilizations

Under-Secretary-General, High Representative: Jorge Sampaio United Nations Children’s Fund

Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Ann M. Veneman (until April), Anthony Lake (from May) Assistant Secretaries-General, Deputy Executive Directors: Hilde Johnson (external relations), Omar Abdi (operations), Saad Houry (programmes) United Nations Compensation Commission

Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary: Mojtaba Kazazi United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Under-Secretary-General, Conference Secretary-General: Supachai Panitchpakdi Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy-Secretary-General: Petko Draganov United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity

Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary: Ahmed Djoghlaf United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary: Luc Gnacadja United Nations Development Programme

Under-Secretary-General, Administrator: Helen Clark Under-Secretary-General, Associate Administrator: Rebeca Grynspan Assistant Administrator and Director, Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery: Jordan Ryan Assistant Administrator and Director, Partnerships Bureau: Bruce Jenks (until May), Sigrid Kaag (from May) Assistant Administrator and Director, Bureau of Management: Akiko Yuge

Appendix III

1530 Assistant Administrator and Director, Bureau for Development Policy: Olav Kjørven Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Africa: Tegegnework Gettu Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Arab States: Amat Al Alim Alsoswa Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Asia and the Pacific: Ajay Chhibber Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Kori Udovički Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Latin America and the Caribbean: Heraldo Muñoz

United Nations Office for Project Services

Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Director: Jan Mattsson United Nations Office for Partnerships

Executive Director: Amir Dossal Office of the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti

Under-Secretary-General, Special Envoy: William J. Clinton Under-Secretary-General, Deputy Special Envoy: Paul Farmer United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace

Under-Secretary-General, Special Adviser: Wilfried Lemke

United Nations Environment Programme

United Nations Millennium Project

Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Achim Steiner Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Executive Director: Angela Cropper Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: Yvo de Boer (until May), Christiana Figueres (from May)

Under-Secretary-General, Senior Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Millennium Goals, Director UN Millennium Project: Jeffrey Sachs

United Nations Global Compact

Executive Director: Georg Kell United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka (until October), Joan Clos (from October) Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Executive Director: Inga Björk-Klevby United Nations Institute for Training and Research

Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Director: Carlos Lopes United Nations International School

Assistant Secretary-General, Special Representative: Sylvia Fuhrman United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction

Assistant Secretary-General, Special Representative: Margareta Wahlström

United Nations Population Fund

Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Thoraya Ahmed Obaid Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Executive Director (Management): Mari Simonen Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Executive Director (Programme): Purnima Mane United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

Under-Secretary-General, Commissioner-General: Karen Koning AbuZayd (until January), Filippo Grandi (from January) Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Commissioner-General: Filippo Grandi (until January), Margot B. Ellis (from January) United Nations University

Under-Secretary-General, Rector: Konrad Osterwalder World Food Programme

Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Josette Sheeran Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Executive Director: Amir Mahmoud Abdulla Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Executive Director for Hunger Solutions: Sheila Sisulu

Notes Elected on 11 June 2010 (ga dec. 64/422). 2 Elected on 11 June 2010 (ga dec. 64/424). 3 One of the Main Committees that met during the resumed session. 4 Elected by the Committees; announced by the Assembly President on 11 June 2010 (ga dec. 64/423 A) and on 31 August 2010 (ga dec. 64/423 B). 5 Appointed on 5 October 2010 (ga dec. 65/401). 6 Resigned effective 1 August 2010; Akira Sugiyama (Japan) was appointed on 30 July 2010 (ga dec. 64/408 C) to fill the resultant vacancy. 7 Appointed on 16 March 2010 (ga dec. 64/408 B) to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Nagesh Singh (India). 8 Appointed on 3 June 2010 (ga dec. 64/409 B) to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Vyacheslav A. Logutov (Russian Federation). 9 Established by the General Assembly on 2 July 2010 (ga res. 64/289) to be operational on 1 January 2011. 10 Resigned effective 18 October 2010; Joan Clos (Spain) was appointed on 25 August 2010 (ga dec. 64/428) to fill the resultant vacancy. 11 Also an advisory subsidiary body of the General Assembly. 12 Mandate ended on 30 June 2010; monuc was renamed United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (monusco) as of 1 July 2010 (ga res.1925 (2010)). 13 Established on 1 July 2010 (ga res. 1925 (2010)). 14 Lost his life in the earthquake in Haiti, 12 January 2010. 15 Mandate ended on 31 December 2010. 16 Established by the Security Council on 26 June 2009 to be operational on 1 January 2010. 17 Established by the Security Council on 7 April 2009 to be operational on 1 January 2010. 18 Dissolved as of 20 July (ga res. 64/289; esc res. 2010/7). 19 Renamed on 23 July to include unops (esc res. 2010/23). 20 Elected on 29 June 2010 for a term of office beginning immediately and expiring on 5 February 2012, as a result of the resignation of Shi Jiuyong (ga dec. 64/426 A). 21 Resigned effective 9 September 2010; Joan Donoghue (United States) was elected on the same day to fill the resultant vacancy (ga dec. 64/426 B). 22 As at 30 June 2010, staff internationally and locally recruited in the UN Secretariat, including staff on an appointment of less than one year, numbered 44,134 under the 100, 200 or 300 series of the Staff Rules. Of these, 12,159 were in the Professional and higher categories, 4,438 in the Field Service category, 27,537 in the General Service and related categories. 1

Appendix IV

Agendas of the United Nations principal organs in 2010 This appendix lists the items on the agendas of the General Assembly, the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council during 2010. For the Assembly, the column headed “Allocation” indicates the assignment of each item to plenary meetings or committees.

General Assembly Agenda items considered at the resumed sixty-fourth session (22 January–14 September 2010) [decision 64/549, A/64/49 (Vol. II)] Item No.

9. 10. 13. 14. 15. 16. 18. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 29. 33. 42. 44. 45. 46. 48. 49. 52. 53. 62. 63. 64. 70.

77. 96. 106. 107. 108. 111.

Title

Allocation

Report of the Security Council. Report of the Peacebuilding Commission. Prevention of armed conflict. Protracted conflicts in the guam area and their implications for international peace, security and development. The situation in the Middle East. Question of Palestine. The situation in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan. The situation in Central America: progress in fashioning a region of peace, freedom, democracy and development. Question of Cyprus. Armed aggression against the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Question of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). The situation of democracy and human rights in Haiti. Armed Israeli aggression against the Iraqi nuclear installations and its grave consequences for the established international system concerning the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and international peace and security. Consequences of the Iraqi occupation of and aggression against Kuwait. Effects of atomic radiation. Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects. Report of the Economic and Social Council. Implementation of the Declaration of Commitment on hiv/aids and the Political Declaration on hiv/aids. Sport for peace and development: building a peaceful and better world through sport and the Olympic ideal. Global road safety crisis. Integrated and coordinated implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic, social and related fields. Culture of peace. Follow-up to and implementation of the outcome of the 2002 International Conference on Financing for Development and the 2008 Review Conference. Sustainable development: (d) Protection of global climate for present and future generations. Advancement of women. New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support. Report of the Human Rights Council. Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations, including special economic assistance: (a) Strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations. Request for an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on whether the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo is in accordance with international law. General and complete disarmament. Measures to eliminate international terrorism Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization. Report of the Secretary-General on the Peacebuilding Fund. Elections to fill vacancies in subsidiary organs and other elections: (a) Election of seven members of the Committee for Programme and Coordination; (b) Election of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; (c) Election of thirty members of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law; (d) Election of the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme; (f) Election of the Executive Director of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme; (h) Election of fourteen members of the Human Rights Council.

1531

Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary 4th 4th Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary, 2nd 2nd 3rd Plenary Plenary, 3rd Plenary

Plenary 1st 6th Plenary Plenary Plenary

Appendix IV

1532 Item No.

112.

113. 114. 115. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 125. 126. 127.

128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143.

144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158.

Title

Appointments to fill vacancies in subsidiary organs and other appointments: (f) Appointment of members of the Committee on Conferences; (g) Appointment of members of the Joint Inspection Unit; (i) Appointment of the Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services; (j) Appointment of three ad litem judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal. Admission of new Members to the United Nations. Follow-up to the outcome of the Millennium Summit. The United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. Revitalization of the work of the General Assembly. Question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council and related matters. Strengthening of the United Nations system. United Nations reform: measures and proposals. Follow-up to the recommendations on administrative management and internal oversight of the Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme. Global health and foreign policy. Cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization. Sixty-fifth anniversary of the end of the Second World War. International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994. International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. Financial reports and audited financial statements, and reports of the Board of Auditors. Review of the efficiency of the administrative and financial functioning of the United Nations. Programme budget for the biennium 2008–2009. Proposed programme budget for the biennium 2010–2011. Programme planning. Improving the financial situation of the United Nations. Pattern of conferences. Scale of assessments for the apportionment of the expenses of the United Nations. Human resources management. Joint Inspection Unit. United Nations common system. Report on the activities of the Office of Internal Oversight Services. Review of the implementation of General Assembly resolutions 48/218 B, 54/244 and 59/272. Administration of justice at the United Nations. Financing of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994. Financing of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. Scale of assessments for the apportionment of the expenses of United Nations peacekeeping operations. Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations. Financing of the United Nations Operation in Burundi. Financing of the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire. Financing of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. Financing of the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Financing of the United Nations Mission in East Timor. Financing of the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste. Financing of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Financing of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia. Financing of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. Financing of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo. Financing of the United Nations Mission in Liberia. Financing of the United Nations peacekeeping forces in the Middle East.

Allocation

Plenary, 5th

Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary, 1st, 4th, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary

Plenary 5th 5th 5th 5th Plenary, 1st, 4th, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th, 6th 5th

5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th

Agendas of the United Nations principal organs in 2010 Item No.

159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 172.

Title

Financing of the United Nations Mission in the Sudan. Financing of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara. Financing of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur. Financing of the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad. Financing of the activities arising from Security Council resolution 1863(2009). Question of the Comorian island of Mayotte.

1533 Allocation

5th 5th 5th 5th 5th Plenary

Agenda of the sixty-fifth session, first part (14 September–24 December 2010) [A/65/49 (Vol. l), Annex l] Item No.

1. 2. 3.

Title

4. 5.

Opening of the session by the President of the General Assembly. Minute of silent prayer or meditation. Credentials of representatives to the sixty-fifth session of the General Assembly: (a) Appointment of the members of the Credentials Committee; (b) Report of the Credentials Committee. Election of the President of the General Assembly. Election of the officers of the Main Committees.

6. 7. 8.

Election of the Vice-Presidents of the General Assembly. Organization of work, adoption of the agenda and allocation of items: reports of the General Committee. General debate.

Allocation

Plenary Plenary Plenary

Plenary 1st, 4th, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th Plenary Plenary Plenary

A. Promotion of sustained economic growth and sustainable development in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and recent United Nations conferences 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

19. 20.

21. 22.

Report of the Economic and Social Council. Implementation of the Declaration of Commitment on hiv/aids and the Political Declaration on hiv/aids. Sport for peace and development. 2001–2010: Decade to Roll Back Malaria in Developing Countries, Particularly in Africa. Integrated and coordinated implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic, social and related fields. Global Agenda for Dialogue among Civilizations. Culture of peace. The role of the United Nations in promoting a new global human order. Information and communications technologies for development. Macroeconomic policy questions: (a) International trade and development; (b) International financial system and development; (c) External debt sustainability and development. Follow-up to and implementation of the outcome of the 2002 International Conference on Financing for Development and the 2008 Review Conference. Sustainable development: (a) Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development; (b) Follow-up to and implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States; (c) International Strategy for Disaster Reduction; (d) Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind; (e) Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa; (f) Convention on Biological Diversity; (g) Report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme on its eleventh special session; (h) United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development; (i) Harmony with Nature. Implementation of the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) and strengthening of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). Globalization and interdependence: (a) Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence; (b) Preventing and combating corrupt practices and transfer of assets of illicit origin and returning such assets, in particular to the countries of origin, consistent with the United Nations Convention against Corruption; (c) International migration and development.

Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary 2nd 2nd

2nd Plenary, 2nd

2nd 2nd

Appendix IV

1534 Item No.

23.

24.

25. 26. 27.

28.

Title

Groups of countries in special situations: (a) Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries; (b) Specific actions related to the particular needs and problems of landlocked developing countries: outcome of the International Ministerial Conference of Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries and International Financial and Development Institutions on Transit Transport Cooperation. Eradication of poverty and other development issues: (a) Implementation of the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008–2017); (b) Industrial development cooperation. Operational activities for development: operational activities for development of the United Nations system. Agriculture development and food security. Social development: (a) Implementation of the outcome of the World Summit for Social Development and of the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly; (b) Social development, including questions relating to the world social situation and to youth, ageing, disabled persons and the family; (c) Follow-up to the International Year of Older Persons: Second World Assembly on Ageing; (d) United Nations Literacy Decade: education for all. Advancement of women: (a) Advancement of women; (b) Implementation of the outcome of the Fourth World Conference on Women and of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly.

Allocation

2nd

Plenary, 2nd

2nd 2nd 3rd

3rd

B. Maintenance of international peace and security 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.

Report of the Security Council. Report of the Peacebuilding Commission. Elimination of unilateral extraterritorial coercive economic measures as a means of political and economic compulsion. The role of diamonds in fuelling conflict. Prevention of armed conflict. Protracted conflicts in the guam area and their implications for international peace, security and development. Zone of peace and cooperation of the South Atlantic. The situation in the Middle East. Question of Palestine. The situation in Afghanistan. The situation in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan. Question of the Comorian island of Mayotte. Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States of America against Cuba. The situation in Central America: progress in fashioning a region of peace, freedom, democracy and development. Question of Cyprus. Armed aggression against the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Question of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). The situation of democracy and human rights in Haiti. Armed Israeli aggression against the Iraqi nuclear installations and its grave consequences for the established international system concerning the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and international peace and security. Consequences of the Iraqi occupation of and aggression against Kuwait. Effects of atomic radiation. International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories. Comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects. Questions relating to information. Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories transmitted under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations. Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations. Offers by Member States of study and training facilities for inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, questions relating to refugees, returnees and displaced persons and humanitarian questions.

Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary 4th 4th 4th 4th 4th 4th 4th 4th 4th 4th Plenary, 4th 2nd 3rd

Agendas of the United Nations principal organs in 2010 Item No.

Title

1535 Allocation

C. Development of Africa 62.

New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support: (a) New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support; (b) Causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa.

Plenary

D. Promotion of human rights 63. 64.

65.

66.

67. 68.

Report of the Human Rights Council. Promotion and protection of the rights of children: (a) Promotion and protection of the rights of children; (b) Follow-up to the outcome of the special session on children. Indigenous issues: (a) Indigenous issues; (b) Second International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People. Elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance: (a) Elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance; (b) Comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action. Right of peoples to self-determination. Promotion and protection of human rights: (a) Implementation of human rights instruments; (b) Human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms; (c) Human rights situations and reports of special rapporteurs and representatives; (d) Comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action.

Plenary, 3rd 3rd

3rd

3rd 3rd

E. Effective coordination of humanitarian assistance efforts 69.

Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations, including special economic assistance: (a) Strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations; (b) Assistance to the Palestinian people; (c) Strengthening of international cooperation and coordination of efforts to study, mitigate and minimize the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster; (d) Special economic assistance to individual countries or regions.

Plenary

F. Promotion of justice and international law 70. 71.

72. 73. 74.

75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86.

Report of the International Court of Justice. Report of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994. Report of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. Report of the International Criminal Court. Oceans and the law of the sea: (a) Oceans and the law of the sea; (b) Sustainable fisheries, including through the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, and related instruments. Responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts. Criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission. Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law on the work of its forty-third session. United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law. Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-second session. Diplomatic protection. Consideration of prevention of transboundary harm from hazardous activities and allocation of loss in the case of such harm. Status of the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and relating to the protection of victims of armed conflicts. Consideration of effective measures to enhance the protection, security and safety of diplomatic and consular missions and representatives. Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization. The rule of law at the national and international levels. The scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.

Plenary Plenary

Plenary Plenary Plenary

6th 6th 6th 6th 6th 6th 6th 6th 6th 6th 6th 6th

Appendix IV

1536 Item No.

Title

Allocation

Report of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Reduction of military budgets. African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty. Consolidation of the regime established by the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco). Maintenance of international security—good-neighbourliness, stability and development in South-Eastern Europe. Developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security. Establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East. Conclusion of effective international arrangements to assure non-nuclear weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons. Prevention of an arms race in outer space. Role of science and technology in the context of international security and disarmament. General and complete disarmament: (a) Notification of nuclear tests; (b) Further measures in the field of disarmament for the prevention of an arms race on the seabed and the ocean floor and in the subsoil thereof; (c) Measures to uphold the authority of the 1925 Geneva Protocol; (d) Effects of the use of armaments and ammunitions containing depleted uranium; (e) Missiles; (f) Mongolia’s international security and nuclear-weapon-free status; (g) Information on confidence-building measures in the field of conventional arms; (h) Consolidation of peace through practical disarmament measures; (i) Establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Central Asia; (j) Preventing and combating illicit brokering activities; (k) Disarmament and non-proliferation education; (l) Treaty banning the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; (m) Assistance to States for curbing the illicit traffic in small arms and light weapons and collecting them; (n) Relationship between disarmament and development; (o) Observance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control; (p) Promotion of multilateralism in the area of disarmament and non-proliferation; (q) Reducing nuclear danger; (r) Measures to prevent terrorists from acquiring weapons of mass destruction; (s) Regional disarmament; (t) Conventional arms control at the regional and subregional levels; (u) Confidence-building measures in the regional and subregional context; (v) Nuclear-weapon-free southern hemisphere and adjacent areas; (w) Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction; (x) Renewed determination towards the total elimination of nuclear weapons; (y) Transparency and confidence-building measures in outer space activities; (z) The illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects; (aa) Nuclear disarmament; (bb) Transparency in armaments; (cc) Follow-up to the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons; (dd) Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments; (ee) Convening of the fourth special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament; (ff) Preventing the acquisition by terrorists of radioactive materials and sources. Review and implementation of the Concluding Document of the Twelfth Special Session of the General Assembly: (a) United Nations disarmament fellowship, training and advisory services; (b) United Nations Disarmament Information Programme; (c) United Nations regional centres for peace and disarmament; (d) Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons; (e) United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean; (f) Regional confidence-building measures: activities of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa; (g) United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific.

Plenary 1st 1st 1st

G. Disarmament 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97.

98.

1st 1st 1st 1st 1st Plenary, 1st 1st

1st

Agendas of the United Nations principal organs in 2010 Item No.

99.

100. 101. 102. 103. 104.

Title

Review of the implementation of the recommendations and decisions adopted by the General Assembly at its tenth special session: (a) Report of the Conference on Disarmament; (b) Report of the Disarmament Commission. The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East. Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects. Strengthening of security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction.

1537 Allocation

1st

1st 1st 1st 1st 1st

H. Drug control, crime prevention and combating international terrorism in all its forms and manifestations 105. 106. 107.

Crime prevention and criminal justice. International drug control. Measures to eliminate international terrorism.

3rd 3rd 6th

I. Organizational, administrative and other matters 108. 109. 110. 111.

112.

113.

114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122.

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization. Report of the Secretary-General on the Peacebuilding Fund. Notification by the Secretary-General under Article 12, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations. Elections to fill vacancies in principal organs: (a) Election of five non-permanent members of the Security Council; (b) Election of eighteen members of the Economic and Social Council. Elections to fill vacancies in subsidiary organs and other elections: (a) Election of seven members of the Committee for Programme and Coordination; (b) Election of five members of the Organizational Committee of the Peacebuilding Commission; (c) Election of fifteen members of the Human Rights Council. Appointments to fill vacancies in subsidiary organs and other appointments: (a) Appointment of members of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions; (b) Appointment of members of the Committee on Contributions; (c) Confirmation of the appointment of members of the Investments Committee; (d) Appointment of members of the International Civil Service Commission: (i) Appointment of members of the Commission; (ii) Designation of the Chairman of the Commission; (e) Appointment of members of the Independent Audit Advisory Committee; (f) Appointment of members of the Committee on Conferences; (g) Appointment of a judge of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal; (h) Appointment of ad litem judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal. Admission of new Members to the United Nations. Follow-up to the outcome of the Millennium Summit. Follow-up to the commemoration of the two-hundredth anniversary of the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade. Implementation of the resolutions of the United Nations. Revitalization of the work of the General Assembly. Question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council and related matters. Strengthening of the United Nations system. Multilingualism. Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and other organizations: (a) Cooperation between the United Nations and the African Union; (b) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization; (c) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations; (d) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization; (e) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Caribbean Community; (f) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization; (g) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries; (h) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Council of Europe; (i) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Community of Central African States; (j) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization; (k) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Eurasian Economic Community; (l) Cooperation between the United Nations and the International Organization of la Francophonie;

Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary

Plenary

Plenary, 5th

Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary, 1st, 4th, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th Plenary Plenary Plenary Plenary

Appendix IV

1538 Item No.

123. 124. 125.

126. 127.

128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141.

Title

(m) Cooperation between the United Nations, national parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union; (n) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Latin American Economic System; (o) Cooperation between the United Nations and the League of Arab States; (p) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons; (q) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe; (r) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization of American States; (s) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization of the Islamic Conference; (t) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Pacific Islands Forum; (u) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization; (v) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization; (w) Cooperation between the United Nations and the Southern African Development Community. Follow-up to the recommendations on administrative management and internal oversight of the Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil for-Food Programme. Global health and foreign policy. International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994. International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. Financial reports and audited financial statements, and reports of the Board of Auditors: (a) United Nations; (b) United Nations peacekeeping operations; (c) International Trade Centre unctad/wto; (d) United Nations University; (e) Capital master plan; (f) United Nations Development Programme; (g) United Nations Children’s Fund; (h) United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East; (i) United Nations Institute for Training and Research; (j) Voluntary funds administered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; (k) Fund of the United Nations Environment Programme; (l) United Nations Population Fund; (m) United Nations Human Settlements Programme; (n) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; (o) United Nations Office for Project Services; (p) International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994; (q) International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. Review of the efficiency of the administrative and financial functioning of the United Nations. Programme budget for the biennium 2010–2011. Programme planning. Improving the financial situation of the United Nations. Pattern of conferences. Scale of assessments for the apportionment of the expenses of the United Nations. Human resources management. Joint Inspection Unit. United Nations common system. United Nations pension system. Administrative and budgetary coordination of the United Nations with the specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency. Report on the activities of the Office of Internal Oversight Services. Administration of justice at the United Nations. Financing of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994.

Allocation

Plenary Plenary Plenary

Plenary 5th

5th 5th Plenary, 1st, 4th, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th, 6th 5th

Agendas of the United Nations principal organs in 2010 Item No.

Title

142.

Financing of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations. Financing of the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad. Financing of the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire. Financing of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. Financing of the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Financing of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Financing of the United Nations Mission in East Timor. Financing of the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste. Financing of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Financing of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia. Financing of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. Financing of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo. Financing of the United Nations Mission in Liberia. Financing of the United Nations peacekeeping forces in the Middle East: (a) United Nations Disengagement Observer Force; (b) United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon. Financing of the United Nations Mission in the Sudan. Financing of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara. Financing of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur. Financing of the activities arising from Security Council resolution 1863(2009). Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country. Follow-up to the high-level meeting held on 24 September 2010: revitalizing the work of the Conference on Disarmament and taking forward multilateral disarmament negotiations. Appointment of the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156.

157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163.

1539 Allocation

5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th 5th

5th 5th 5th 5th 6th Plenary, 1st Plenary

Security Council Questions considered during 2010 Title

The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question. The situation in the Middle East. The situation in Cyprus. The situation concerning Western Sahara. The situation in Timor-Leste. United Nations peacekeeping operations. The situation in Liberia. The situation in Somalia. The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Security Council resolutions 1160(1998), 1199(1998), 1203(1998), 1239(1999) and 1244(1999). International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994. The question concerning Haiti. The situation in Burundi. The situation in Afghanistan. The situation in Sierra Leone. The situation in the Great Lakes region. The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The situation in the Central African Republic. Children and armed conflict. The situation in Guinea-Bissau. Protection of civilians in armed conflict. Women and peace and security. Briefing by the President of the International Court of Justice. Briefing by the Chairman-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Meeting of the Security Council with the troop- and police-contributing countries [unficyp, undof, unifil, minurso, monusco, unmil, unoci, minustah, unmis, unmit, unamid, minurcat].

Appendix IV

1540 Title

Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts. Briefings by Chairmen of subsidiary bodies of the Security Council. The situation in Côte d’Ivoire. Security Council mission. The promotion and strengthening of the rule of law in the maintenance of international peace and security. Central African region. Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan. Post-conflict peacebuilding [general matters]. The situation concerning Iraq. Threats to international peace and security. Non-proliferation. Peace consolidation in West Africa [United Nations Office for West Africa; Guinea]. Non-proliferation/Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Letter dated 22 November 2006 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council. Maintenance of international peace and security [nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament; intercultural dialogue for peace and security; optimizing the use of preventive diplomacy tools: prospects and challenges in Africa; ensuring the Security Council’s effective role in maintaining international peace and security]. The situation in Chad, the Central African Republic and the subregion. Peace and security in Africa [general issues; Djibouti and Eritrea]. Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations in maintaining international peace and security. Letter dated 4 June 2010 from the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Korea to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/2010/281) and other relevant letters. Letter dated 18 December 2010 from the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council. Other matters considered during 2010 Items relating to Security Council documentation and working methods and procedure. Annual report of the Security Council to the General Assembly. International Court of Justice [date of election; election of a member].

Economic and Social Council Agenda of the organizational and resumed organizational session for 2010 (19 January, 9 and 12 February, 28 April and 21 May) Item No.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Title

Election of the Bureau. Adoption of the agenda and other organizational matters. Basic programme of work of the Council. Elections, nominations, confirmations and appointments.

Agenda of the substantive and resumed substantive sessions of 2010 (28 June–23 July, 9 September, 25 October, 10 November and 14, 15 December) Item No.

Title

Adoption of the agenda and other organizational matters.

High-level segment 2.

High-level segment: (a) High-level policy dialogue with international financial and trade institutions; (b) Development Cooperation Forum; (c) Annual ministerial review: Implementing the internationally agreed goals and commitments in regard to gender equality and empowerment of women; (d) Thematic discussion: Current global and national trends and challenges and their impact on gender equality and empowerment of women.

Operational activities segment 3.

Operational activities of the United Nations for international development cooperation: (a) Follow-up to policy recommendations of the General Assembly and the Council; (b) Reports of the Executive Boards of the United Nations Development Programme/United Nations Population Fund, the United Nations Children’s Fund and the World Food Programme.

Agendas of the United Nations principal organs in 2010 Item No.

1541 Title

Coordination segment 4.

The role of the United Nations system in implementing the ministerial declaration of the high-level segment of the 2009 substantive session of the Council.

Humanitarian affairs segment 5.

Special economic, humanitarian and disaster relief assistance.

General segment 6.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

14.

Implementation of and follow-up to major United Nations conferences and summits: (a) Follow-up to the International Conference on Financing for Development; (b) Review and coordination of the implementation of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2001–2010. Coordination, programme and other questions: (a) Reports of coordination bodies; (b) Proposed strategic framework for the period 2012–2013; (c) International cooperation in the field of informatics; (d) Long-term programme of support for Haiti; (e) Mainstreaming a gender perspective into all policies and programmes in the United Nations system; (f) African countries emerging from conflict; (g) Tobacco or health. Implementation of General Assembly resolutions 50/227, 52/12 B, 57/270 B and 60/265. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations. Regional cooperation: Gender equality and empowerment of women in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals: regional perspectives. Economic and social repercussions of the Israeli occupation on the living conditions of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan. Non-governmental organizations. Economic and environmental questions: (a) Sustainable development; (b) Science and technology for development; (c) Statistics; (d) Human settlements; (e) Environment; (f) Population and development; (g) Public administration and development; (h) International cooperation in tax matters; (i) Assistance to third States affected by the application of sanctions; (j) Cartography; (k) Women and development. Social and human rights questions: (a) Advancement of women; (b) Social development; (c) Crime prevention and criminal justice; (d) Narcotic drugs; (e) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; (f) Comprehensive implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action; (g) Human rights; (h) Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues; (i) Genetic privacy and non-discrimination.

Appendix V

United Nations information centres and services (as at December 2013) ACCRA. United Nations Information Centre Gamal Abdel Nasser/Liberia Roads (P.O. Box GP 2339) Accra, Ghana Serving: Ghana, Sierra Leone

BRUSSELS. Regional United Nations Information Centre Residence Palace Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 155 Quartier Rubens, Block C2 1040 Brussels, Belgium Serving: Andorra, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, ALGIERS. United Nations Information Centre Finland, France, Germany, 41 Rue Mohamed Khoudi, El Biar Greece, Holy See, Iceland, El Biar, 16030 El Biar, Alger Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, (Boîte Postale 444, Hydra-Alger 16035) Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Algiers, Algeria Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, United Serving: Algeria Kingdom, European Union ANKARA. United Nations Information Centre Buenos Aires. United Nations Birlik Mahallesi, 415. Cadde No. 11 Information Centre 06610 Cankay Ankara, Turkey Junín 1940, 1er piso 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina Serving: Turkey Serving: Argentina, Uruguay

ANTANANARIVO. United Nations Information Centre 159, Rue Damantsoa, Amkorahotra (Boîte Postale, 1348) Antananarivo, Madagascar Serving: Madagascar ASUNCIÓN. United Nations Information Centre Avda. Mariscal López esq. Guillermo Saraví Edificio Naciones Unidas (Casilla de Correo 1107) Asunción, Paraguay Serving: Paraguay BEIRUT. United Nations Information Centre/ United Nations Information Service, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia UN House, Riad El-Solh Square (P.O. Box 11-8575-4656) Beirut, Lebanon Serving: Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Syrian Arab Republic, escwa BOGOTÁ. United Nations Information Centre Calle 100 No. 8A–55, Piso 10 Edificio World Trade Center-Torre ‘‘C” (Apartado Aéro 058964) Bogotá 2, Colombia Serving: Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela BRAZZAVILLE. United Nations Information Centre Avenue Foch, Case ortf 15 (Boîte Postale 13210) Brazzaville, Congo Serving: Congo

BUJUMBURA. United Nations Information Centre 117 Avenue de la Révolution (Boîte Postale 2160) Bujumbura, Burundi Serving: Burundi CAIRO. United Nations Information Centre 1 Osiris Street, Garden City (P.O. Box 262) Cairo, Egypt Serving: Egypt, Saudi Arabia

DAR ES SALAAM. United Nations Information Centre Garden Avenue/Shaaban Robert Street 6th Floor International House (P.O. Box 9224) Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania Serving: United Republic of Tanzania DHAKA. United Nations Information Centre IDB Bhaban (8th floor) Sher-e-Banglanagar (G.P.O. Box 3658, Dhaka-1000) Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh Serving: Bangladesh GENEVA. United Nations Information Service, United Nations Office at Geneva Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland Serving: Switzerland HARARE. United Nations Information Centre Sanders House (2nd floor), cnr. First Street Jason Moyo Avenue (P.O. Box 4408) Harare, Zimbabwe Serving: Zimbabwe

ISLAMABAD. United Nations Information Centre Serena Business Complex 2nd Floor Sector G-5/1 Khayaban e Suhrawardy (P.O. Box 1107) CANBERRA. United Nations Information Islamabad, Pakistan Centre Serving: Pakistan Level 1, 7 National Circuit, Barton (P.O. Box 5366, Kingston, ACT 2604) JAKARTA. United Nations Information Canberra ACT 2600, Australia Centre Serving: Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Menara Thamrin Building, 3A floor New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, Jalan MH Thamrin, Kav. 3 Tuvalu, Vanuatu Jakarta 10250, Indonesia Serving: Indonesia COLOMBO. United Nations Information Centre KATHMANDU. United Nations Information 202/204 Bauddhaloka Mawatha Centre (P.O. Box 1505, Colombo) Harihar Bhavan Pulchowk Colombo 7, Sri Lanka (P.O. Box 107, UN House) Serving: Sri Lanka Kathmandu, Nepal Serving: Nepal DAKAR. United Nations Information Centre Immeuble Soumex–3ème Etage KHARTOUM. United Nations Information Mamelles-Almadies Centre (Boîte Postale 154) United Nations Compound House #7, Blk Dakar, Senegal Gamma’a Avenue (P.O. Box 1992) Serving: Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Khartoum, Sudan Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal Serving: Somalia, Sudan

1542

United Nations information centres and services LAGOS. United Nations Information Centre 17 Alfred Rewane Road (formerly Kingsway Road), Ikoyi (P.O. Box 1068), Lagos, Nigeria Serving: Nigeria

NAIROBI. United Nations Information Centre United Nations Office, Gigiri (P.O. Box 67578-00200) Nairobi, Kenya Serving: Kenya, Seychelles, Uganda

1543 SANA’A. United Nations Information Centre Street 5, Off Albawnya Area Handhel Zone, beside Handhal Mosque (P.O. Box 237) Sana’a, Yemen Serving: Yemen

LA PAZ. United Nations Information Centre NEW DELHI. United Nations Information TEHRAN. United Nations Information Centre Centre No. 8, Shahrzad Blvd. Darrous Calle 14 esq. S. Bustamante (P.O. Box 15875-4557) Tehran, Iran 55 Lodi Estate Edificio Metrobol II, Calacoto New Delhi 110 003, India (Apartado Postal 9072), La Paz, Bolivia Serving: Iran Serving: Bhutan, India Serving: Bolivia TOKYO. United Nations Information Centre UNU Building (8th floor) LIMA. United Nations Information Centre OUAGADOUGOU. United Nations Information Centre 53–70 Jingumae 5-Chome, Shibuya-Ku Av. Perez Aranibar 750, Magdalena 14 Avenue de la Grande Chancellerie Tokyo 150–0001, Japan (P.O. Box 14-0199) Secteur no. 4 Serving: Japan Lima 17, Peru (Boîte Postale 135 Ouagadougou 01) Serving: Peru Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso TRIPOLI. United Nations Information Centre Serving: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger Khair Aldeen Baybers Street LOMẾ. United Nations Information Centre Hay El-Andalous 468, Angle rue Atime PANAMA CITY. United Nations Information (P.O. Box 286, Hay El-Andalous) Avenue de la Libération Centre Tripoli, Libya (Boîte Postale 911), Lomé, Togo UN House Bldg 128 (1st floor) Serving: Libya Serving: Benin, Togo Ciudad del Saber, Clayton (P.O. Box 0819-01082) TUNIS. United Nations Information Centre LUSAKA. United Nations Information Centre Panama City, Panama 41 Bis, Av. Louis Braille, Cité El Khadra Revenue House (Ground floor) Serving: Panama (Boîte postale 863) 1003 Tunis, Tunisia Cnr. Great North and Kalambo Roads Serving: Tunisia (P.O. Box 32905, Lusaka 10101) PORT OF SPAIN. United Nations Lusaka, Zambia Information Centre VIENNA. United Nations Information Serving: Malawi, Swaziland, Zambia 2nd floor, Bretton Hall Service, United Nations Office at Vienna 16 Victoria Avenue Vienna International Centre MANAMA. United Nations Information Centre (P.O. Box 130) Wagramer Strasse 5 United Nations House Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, W.I. (P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna) Bldg. 69, Road 1901, Block 319 Serving: Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, A-1220 Vienna, Austria (P.O. Box 26004, Manama) Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Serving: Austria, Hungary, Manama, Bahrain Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Slovakia, Slovenia Serving: Bahrain, Qatar, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, United Arab Emirates Saint Kitts and Nevis, WARSAW. United Nations Information Centre Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Al. Niepodleglosci 186 the Grenadines, Suriname, MANILA. United Nations Information Centre 00–608 Warszawa, Poland Trinidad and Tobago GC Corporate Plaza (ex Jaka II Building) Serving: Poland (5th floor) PRAGUE. United Nations Information Centre 150 Legaspi Street, Legaspi Village WASHINGTON, D.C. United Nations Zeleza 24 (P.O. Box 7285 ADC (DAPO) Information Centre 11000 Prague 1 1300 Domestic Road Pasay City) 1775 K Street, N.W., Suite 400 Makati City, 1229 Metro Manila, Philippines Czech Republic Washington, D.C. 20006 Serving: Czech Republic Serving: Papua New Guinea, United States of America Philippines, Solomon Islands PRETORIA. United Nations Information Serving: United States of America Centre MASERU. United Nations Information Centre Metropark Building WINDHOEK. United Nations Information United Nations Road, UN House 351 Francis Baard Street Centre (P.O. Box 301, Maseru 100) (P.O. Box 12677), Tramshed UN House Maseru, Lesotho Pretoria, South Africa 0126 38–44 Stein Street, Klein Serving: Lesotho (Private Bag 13351) Serving: South Africa Windhoek, Namibia MEXICO CITY. United Nations Information RABAT. United Nations Information Centre Serving: Namibia Centre 13 Avenue Ahmed Balafrej Montes Urales 440 (3rd floor) YANGON. United Nations Information Centre (Boîte postale 601) Colonia Lomas de Chapultepec Casier ONU, Rabat-Chellah 6 Natmauk Road, Tamwe Township Mexico City, D.F. 11000, Mexico Rabat, Morocco (P.O. Box 230), Yangon, Myanmar Serving: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Serving: Morocco Serving: Myanmar Mexico YAOUNDÉ. United Nations Information Centre RIO DE JANEIRO. United Nations Information Centre MOSCOW. United Nations Information Immeuble Tchinda, Rue 2044 Centre Derrière camp SIC TSINGA Palácio Itamaraty (Boîte postale 836), Yaoundé, Cameroon Av. Marechal Floriano 196 Glazovsky Pereulok, 4/16 20080-002 Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil Moscow 119002, Russian Federation Serving: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon Serving: Brazil Serving: Russian Federation Note: For more information on unics, please visit the website: unic.un.org.

Appendix VI

Intergovernmental organizations related to the United Nations (respective heads as at December 2010) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Vienna International Centre P.O. Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria Telephone: (43) (1) 2600-0 Fax: (43) (1) 2600-7 E-mail: official.mail@iaea.org Internet: www.iaea.org Director General: Yukiya Amano (Japan)

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) UNESCO House 7 place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07-SP, France Telephone: (33) (0) (1) 45-68-10-00 Fax: (33) (0) (1) 45-67-16-90 E-mail: info@unesco.org Internet: www.unesco.org Director General: Irina Bokova (Bulgaria)

International Monetary Fund (IMF) 700 19th Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20431, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (202) 623-7000 Fax: (1) (202) 623-4661 E-mail: publicaffairs@imf.org Internet: www.imf.org Managing Director: Dominique Strauss-Kahn (France)

IAEA Office at the United Nations 1 United Nations Plaza, Room 1155 New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (212) 963-6010/6011 Fax: (1) (917) 367-4046 E-mail: iaeany@un.org

UNESCO Office at the United Nations 2 United Nations Plaza, Room 900 New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (212) 963-5995 Fax: (1) (212) 963-8014 E-mail: newyork@unesco.org

IMF Office at the United Nations 1 Dag Hammarskjรถld Plaza 885 Second Avenue, 26th floor New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (212) 317-4720 Fax: (1) (212) 355-4523

International Labour Organization (ILO) 4 route des Morillons CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland Telephone: (41) (22) 799-6111 Fax: (41) (22) 798-8685 E-mail: ilo@ilo.org Internet: www.ilo.org Director General: Juan Somavia (Chile)

World Health Organization (WHO) International Civil Aviation Organization Avenue Appia, 20 (ICAO) 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland 999 University Street Telephone: (41) (22) 791-2111 Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada Fax: (41) (22) 791-3111 Telephone: (1) (514) 954-8219 E-mail: info@who.int Fax: (1) (514) 954-6077 Internet: www.who.int E-mail: icaohq@icao.int Director-General: Dr. Margaret Chan (China) Internet: www.icao.int Secretary-General: Raymond Benjamin (France) WHO Office at the United Nations

ILO Office at the United Nations 1 Dag Hammarskjรถld Plaza 885 Second Avenue, 30th Floor New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (212) 697-0150 Fax: (1) (212) 697-5218 E-mail: newyork@ilo.org Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy Telephone: (39) (06) 57051 Fax: (39) (06) 570 53152 E-mail: fao-hq@fao.org Internet: www.fao.org Director General: Jacques Diouf (Senegal) FAO Office at the United Nations 1 United Nations Plaza, Room 1125 New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (212) 963-6036 Fax: (1) (212) 963-5425 E-mail: FAO-LON@fao.org

1 Dag Hammarskjรถld Plaza 885 Second Avenue, 26th floor New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (646) 626-6060 Fax: (1) (646) 626-6080 E-mail: wun@whoun.org World Bank (IBRD, IDA and IFC) 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (202) 473-1000 Fax: (1) (202) 477-6391 Internet: www.worldbank.org President: Robert B. Zoellick (United States) Office of the Special Representative to the United Nations 1 Dag Hammarskjรถld Plaza 885 Second Avenue, 26th floor New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (212) 317-4720/4721 Fax: (1) (212) 317-4733

1544

Universal Postal Union (UPU) Weltpost Strasse, 4 Case Postale 3000 3000 Berne 15, Switzerland Telephone: (41) (31) 350-3111 Fax: (41) (31) 350-3110 E-mail: info@upu.int Internet: www.upu.int Director General: Edouard Dayan (France) International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Place des Nations 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: (41) (22) 730-5111 Fax: (41) (22) 733-7256 E-mail: itumail@itu.int Internet: www.itu.int Secretary-General: Hamadoun Toure (Mali)

Intergovernmental organizations World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Case postale 2300 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Telephone: (41) (22) 730-8111 Fax: (41) (22) 730-8181 E-mail: wmo@wmo.int Internet: www.wmo.int President: Alexander Bedritsky (Russia) Secretary-General: Michel Jarraud (France) WMO Office at the United Nations 866 United Nations Plaza, Room A-302 New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (917) 367-9867 Fax: (1) (917) 367-6997 E-mail: zbatjargal@wmo.int International Maritime Organization (IMO) 4, Albert Embankment London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom Telephone: (44) (207) 735-7611 Fax: (44) (207) 587-3210 E-mail: info@imo.org Internet: www.imo.org Secretary-General: Efthimios E. Mitropoulos (Greece) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 34, chemin des Colombettes CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: (41) (22) 338-9111 Fax: (41) (22) 733-5428 E-mail: wipo.mail@wipo.int Internet: www.wipo.int Director General: Francis Gurry (Australia)

1545 WIPO Office at the United Nations 2 United Nations Plaza, Room 2525 New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (212) 963-6813 Fax: (1) (212) 963-4801 E-mail: wipo@un.org International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono, 44 00142 Rome, Italy Telephone: (39) (06) 54591 Fax: (39) (06) 504-3463 E-mail: ifad@ifad.org Internet: www.ifad.org President: Kanayo F. Nwanze (Nigerian) IFAD Office at the United Nations 2 United Nations Plaza, Rooms 1128-29 New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (212) 963-0546 Fax: (1) (212) 963-2787 E-mail: ifad@un.org United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Vienna International Centre Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 300 A-1400 Vienna, Austria Telephone: (43) (1) 26026-0 Fax: (43) (1) 269-2669 E-mail: unido@unido.org Internet: www.unido.org Director General: Kandeh K. Yumkella (Sierra Leone) UNIDO Office at the United Nations 1 United Nations Plaza, Room 1118 New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Telephone: (1) (212) 963-6890/6885 Fax: (1) (212) 963-7904 E-mail: office.newyork@unido.org

World Trade Organization (WTO) Centre William Rappard Rue de Lausanne, 154 CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland Telephone: (41) (22) 739-5111 Fax: (41) (22) 731-4206 E-mail: enquiries@wto.org Internet: www.wto.org Director General: Pascal Lamy (France) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Capitan Haya, 42 28020 Madrid, Spain Telephone: (34) (91) 567-8100 Fax: (34) (91) 571-3733 E-mail: omt@unwto.org Internet: www.unwto.org Secretary-General: Taleb Rifai (Jordan) Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) Vienna International Centre P.O. Box 1200 1400 Vienna, Austria Telephone: (43) (1) 26030-0 Fax: (43) (1) 26030 5823 E-mail: info@ctbto.org Internet: www.ctbto.org Executive Secretary: Lassina Zerbo (Burkina Faso) Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Johan de Wittlaan 32 2517 JR-The Hague, The Netherlands Telephone: (31) (70) 416 3300 Fax: (31) (70) 306 3535 E-mail: media@opcw.org Internet: www.opcw.org Director-General: Ahmet Üzümcü (Turkey)

Note: For more information on liaison, regional, subregional and country offices maintained by any of these organizations, please visit their respective websites.

Indices

Subject index BOLD CAPITAL LETTERS are used for main subject entries (e.g. DEVELOPMENT) and chapter topics (e.g. DISARMAMENT), as well as country names (e.g. AFGHANISTAN), region names (e.g. AFRICA) and principal UN organs (e.g. GENERAL ASSEMBLY). CAPITAL LETTERS are used to highlight major issues (e.g. POVERTY), as well as the names of territories (e.g. MONTSERRAT), subregions (e.g. CENTRAL AMERICA), specialized agencies (e.g. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION) and regional commissions (e.g. ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA). Regular text is used for single and cross-reference entries (e.g. arms embargo, mercenaries, terrorism). An asterisk (*) preceding a page number or range of page numbers indicates the presence of a text, reproduced in full, of a General Assembly, Security Council or Economic and Social Council resolution or decision, or a Security Council presidential statement. United Nations bodies are listed alphabetically and may also appear under related entries.

Abkhazia see Georgia administration, UN see institutional, administrative and budgetary questions AFGHANISTAN see also United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) children and armed conflict 361 elections 348 humanitarian assistance 905 International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) 358–361 Kabul Conference: International Conference on Afghanistan 347–348 Monitoring Team 362–363 political and security questions 339–363 report on Consolidated List review 362–363 sanctions 361–363 Sanctions Committee activities 361–362 Security Council mission to Afghanistan 340–347 terrorist attacks 78 AFRICA see also African Union (AU); Economic Commission for Africa (ECA); Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS); humanitarian assistance; human rights; West Africa; specific country names Burundi *141–148 human rights 766 Cameroon–Nigeria 231–233 Central Africa and Great Lakes region *116–174 Central African Republic *148–156, 902 Central African Republic and Chad *156–173 Chad 902–903 Chad–Sudan 275–276 conflict prevention and resolution 110 Congo 903 Côte d’Ivoire *177–199 human rights 766–767 Darfur *258–275 Democratic Republic of the Congo *120–141, 903 human rights 767

1549

disarmament 578 Djibouti–Eritrea 303–306 Eritrea–Ethiopia *306–308 Great Lakes region *116–120 see also Central Africa and Great Lakes region Guinea 233–237 human rights 768 Guinea-Bissau *221–231 Horn of Africa *237–308 Chad–Sudan 275–276 children and armed conflict 253–254, 294–296 Darfur *258–275 Djibouti–Eritrea 303–306 Eritrea–Ethiopia *306–308 Monitoring Group on Somalia 305 piracy *286–294 sanctions *269–272, *296–301, 305–306 Somalia *276–303 Sudan *237–275 Working Group on Children and Armed conflict 296 humanitarian assistance 902–905 Central African Republic 902 Chad 902–903 Congo 903 Democratic Republic of the Congo 903 Kenya 903 Somalia 903–904 Sudan 904 Uganda 904 West Africa 904 Zimbabwe 904–905 human rights 766–770 Burundi 766 Côte d’Ivoire 766–767 Democratic Republic of the Congo 767 Guinea 768 Sierra Leone 768

1550 Somalia 768–769 Sudan 769–770 international drug control 1258 international finance, economic development 945–946 Kenya 903 Liberia *200–213 Madagascar 315 Mauritania 237 Mauritius–United Kingdom 315–316 New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) *908–916, 969 North Africa *308–315 Office of the Special Adviser on Africa 114–115 peacekeeping operations 85 political and security questions *106–316 population, Sub-Saharan Africa 1060 promotion of peace in Africa *109–116 conflict prevention and resolution 110 Office of the Special Adviser on Africa 114–115 relationship between United Nations and regional organizations *110–114 Secretary-General’s 1998 recommendations on Africa *115–116 Security Council missions to Africa 116 refugees and displaced persons *1206–1209 regional economic and social activities 968–974 cooperation with regional organizations 974 development, planning and administration 972 Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) 968 economic trends 968–969 food security and sustainable development 969– 970 gender and women in development 972 governance and public administration 970–971 information, science and technology for development 971 macroeconomic analysis, finance and economic development 971–972 programme and organizational questions 973–974 social development 973 statistics 972–973 subregional development activities 972 trade, economic cooperation and regional integration 969 New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) *908–916, 969 transport and communications 971–972 Rwanda 173–174 Security Council missions to Africa 116 Sierra Leone *213–221 human rights 768 Somalia *276–303 humanitarian assistance 903–904 human rights 768–769 special economic assistance African economic recovery and development *908– 916 New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) *908–916, 969 Sudan *237–275 humanitarian assistance 904 human rights 769–770

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 technical assessment mission *121–135 Uganda 173 humanitarian assistance 904 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Sub-Saharan Africa 1060 West Africa *174–237 humanitarian assistance 904 international drug control 1258 Western Sahara *308–315 Zimbabwe 904–905 African Union (AU) 106–107, 110–113, 116, 152, 167, 174–175, 177, 183, 190, 192–193, 225–226, 229–230, 233–237, 240, 242, 245, 247–250, 252–253, 258–259, 262, 264, 266–269, 272, 276, 278–282, 285–286, 295, 301–305, 308, 315 international peace and security 83 African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) 109, 276, 279–282, 285–286, 291, 295, 297–298, *301–303, 305– 306 international peace and security 87–88 African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) 109, 237–239, 245, 247, 249, 253, 258–262, 264–266, 272, *272–275 international peace and security 82, 85, 87 AGEING PERSONS, economic and social questions *1193– 1197 AGRICULTURE *1235–1240 see also food; nutrition aid 1235–1236 see also humanitarian assistance Committee on World Food Security 1236 development and food security *1236–1240 World Food Programme (WFP) 1235–1236 AIDS see HIV/AIDS AMERICAN SAMOA, decolonization *599–600 AMERICAS see also Caribbean; Central America; Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC); specific country names Caribbean Community, political and security questions *335–337 Central America international drug control 1258–1259 political and security questions *317–319 Colombia, political and security questions 333–334 cooperation between United Nations and regional organizations *335–337 Cuba–United States, political and security questions *334–335 Guatemala, political and security questions *317–318 Haiti, political and security questions *319–333 human rights 770–772 international drug control 1258–1259 Central America and the Caribbean 1258–1259 North America 1259 South America 1259 Nicaragua, political and security questions with Costa Rica 319 with Honduras 319 North America, international drug control 1259 peacekeeping operations 85 political and security questions *317–337 refugees and displaced persons 1210 South America, international drug control 1259 AMISOM see African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) ANGUILLA, decolonization *600

Subject index anti-personnel mines, disarmament *562–563 arbitration rules *1340 armed conflict prevention *49–51 ARMENIA Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) 423 political and security questions, with Azerbaijan 422– 423 arms embargo *132–135, 177, 183, 195, 205–207, 269–272, 296–300, 361, 486 see also sanctions ASIA AND THE PACIFIC see also Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP); Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA); landlocked developing countries; specific country names Afghanistan humanitarian assistance 905 human rights 772 Cambodia, human rights 772–773 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, human rights *773–776 disarmament *578–579 East and South-East Asia, international drug control 1259 humanitarian assistance 905–907 human rights 658, *772–783 international drug control 1259–1260 Iran, human rights *776–779 Iraq, humanitarian assistance 905 Kyrgyzstan humanitarian assistance 905–906 human rights 779 Myanmar, human rights *779–783 Nepal humanitarian assistance 906 human rights 783 Pakistan, humanitarian assistance 906 peacekeeping operations 85 population 1060–1061 refugees and displaced persons 1210–1211 regional economic and social activities *974–983 cooperation with regional bodies *979–983 disaster risk reduction 977 economic and technical cooperation 978 economic trends 974 environment and development 976 information and communication technology 976– 977 least developed, landlocked and small island developing countries 978 macroeconomic policy, poverty reduction and development 975 policy issues 975 programme and organizational questions 978–979 performance, monitoring and evaluation 978– 979 proposed programme of work, 2010–2011 979 social development 977 statistics 977–978 trade and investment 975 transport 975–976 South Asia, international drug control 1260 Sri Lanka, humanitarian assistance 906–907

1551 Syrian Arab Republic, humanitarian assistance 907 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) 1060–1061 West Asia, international drug control 1260 Yemen, humanitarian assistance 907 atomic radiation, political and security questions *617–619 AU see African Union (AU) aviation see also International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) peacekeeping operations, aviation safety 84 AZERBAIJAN Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) 423 political and security questions, with Armenia 422–423

B bacteriological (biological) weapons, disarmament *549– 551 BERMUDA, decolonization *600–601 BINUB see United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (BINUB) BINUCA see United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in the Central African Republic (BINUCA) BNUB see United Nations Office in Burundi (BNUB) BOLIVIA human rights 770–771 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA civilian aspects, political and security questions *410–416 economic reform 411–412 judicial reform 411 media development 412 military and police aspects, political and security questions 415–416 Office of High Representative (OHR) *410–412 OHR–EUSR transition 410 Peace Agreement implementation *410–416 political and security questions *409–416 public administration reform 412 relations with other countries *412–415 Bretton Woods Institutions see International Monetary Fund (IMF) BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS, decolonization *601 budget, UN see institutional, administrative and budgetary questions BURUNDI see also United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (BINUB); United Nations Office in Burundi (BINUCA) children and armed conflict 146–147 human rights 766 Peacebuilding Commission 146 political and security questions *141–148 Strategic Framework for Peacebuilding in Burundi 146

CAMBODIA, human rights 771–773 CAMEROON–NIGERIA Cameroon–Nigeria Mixed Commission 231–233 political and security questions 231–233 Lake Chad Basin Commission (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, the Niger, Nigeria) 231 CARIBBEAN see also Caribbean Community; Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC); Latin America and the Caribbean; specific country names

1552 Central America and the Caribbean, international drug control 1258–1259 sustainable development of Caribbean Sea *1035–1037 Caribbean Community (CARICOM) 324, 327, 335, *335–337 CARICOM see Caribbean Community (CARICOM) CARTOGRAPHY 1004 CAYMAN ISLANDS, decolonization *601 CDP see Committee for Development Policy CEB see United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) CEDAW see Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) CENTRAL AFRICA AND GREAT LAKES REGION see also specific country names Burundi *141–148 Central African Republic and Chad *156–173 Central African Republic *148–156 Democratic Republic of the Congo *120–141 illicit arms trafficking *117–118 International Conference on Great Lakes Region 116 political and security questions *116–174 Rwanda 173–174 Uganda 173 United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa *118–120 United Nations Office for Central Africa 118 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC see also Central African Republic and Chad; United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in the Central African Republic (BINUCA) children and armed conflict 155–156 humanitarian assistance 902 Peacebuilding Commission 154–155 political and security questions *148–156 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC AND CHAD see also United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT) political and security questions *156–173 CENTRAL AMERICA see also Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC); specific country names Guatemala *317–318 International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) *317–318 international drug control 1258–1259 Nicaragua–Costa Rica 319 Nicaragua–Honduras 319 political and security questions *317–319 CENTRAL ASIA, United Nations Population Fund 1060 CHAD see also Central African Republic and Chad humanitarian assistance 902–903 CHAD–SUDAN, political and security questions 275–276 chemical weapons convention *551–552 disarmament *551–553 Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) *552–553 Chernobyl disaster *934–936 CHILDREN see also United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF); youth; specific country names Afghanistan 361 and armed conflict see Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 Asia and the Pacific 361, 394, 407–408 Burundi 146–147 Central African Republic 155–156 Colombia 333–334 Democratic Republic of the Congo 136–137 economic and social questions 1183–1192 health, tobacco use and *1227 HIV/AIDS 1140 Horn of Africa 253–254, 294–296 human rights *754–758 children and armed conflict *755–757 convention on the rights of the child *646–653 sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 754–755 violence against children 754 international drug control, measures to protect 1247 Nepal 394 Philippines 407 refugees and displaced persons, protection and assistance 1205 Somalia 294–296 Sri Lanka 407–408 Sudan 253–254 taken hostage 1159 Uganda 173 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 1183–1192 Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict 137, 146, 253, 296, 333–334, 395–396, 407 cholera outbreak, Haiti, political and security questions 327–328 CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS see human rights civilians, protection in armed conflict *58–67 CLIMATE CHANGE see environment cluster munitions, disarmament 562 cocoa, international trade 944 Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 406, *432– 433 COLOMBIA children and armed conflict 333–334 political and security questions 333–334 Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict 333– 334 colonies and colonialism see decolonization; Non-Self-Governing Territories (NSGTs) commercial arbitration 1342 Commission for Social Development 913, 1072–1076 Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice international drug control 1241–1242 legal questions 1331 social policy, crime prevention and human resources development 1065, 1091–1092, 1095, 1101, 1103, 1107, 1109, 1117–1120, 1129 statistics 1267 women 1149 Committee for Development Policy (CDP) 840, 842–843, 848, 850 Committee for Programme and Coordination (CPC) 908, 911, 1268, 1413, 1446–1447 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 769, 777, 1176–1177

Subject index Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People see Committee on Palestinian Rights *466–470 Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space *924 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 871, 872, 876, 890 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) 52, 504, 511, 514, 528–529, 532 conference see specific conferences by main part of title conflict prevention *48–51 conventional weapons see also disarmament anti-personnel mines, disarmament *562–563 cluster munitions, disarmament 562 disarmament *554–556 practical disarmament *563–566 small arms, disarmament *554–559 Convention on elimination of discrimination against women see human rights conventions see main part of the title coral reefs *1032–1034 COSTA RICA, political and security questions, Nicaragua– Costa Rica 319 COTE D’IVOIRE see also United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) electoral preparations 188–189 human rights 766–767 Inter-Ivorian dialogue *180–187 Permanent Consultative Framework 189 political and security questions *177–199 sanctions 195–196, *196–198 Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) *72–76 Executive Directorate (CTED) 72 covenants see human rights CPC see Committee for Programme and Coordination CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE *1094– 1132 see also drug abuse and control; terrorism; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) administrative and budgetary questions *1101–1103 assets of illicit origin *1117–1118 Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice *1101–1103 corruption 1117–1118 crime data collection 1109 Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme network *1107–1109 crime prevention programme *1103–1109 integration and coordination *1109–1129 peacekeeping operations *102–104 realignment of the functions of UNODC *1102–1103 strengthening technical cooperation *1103–1107 terrorism 1118–1119 trafficking in persons *1110–1116 transnational organized crime *1109–1116 United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders (UNAFRI) 1107– 1108 United Nations Convention against Corruption 1117 United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime 1109–1110 United Nations Crime Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice *1094–1101

1553 United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute 1107 UN standards and norms 1119–1120 women in detention and in custodial and noncustodial settings *1120–1129 CSTO see Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) CTBT see Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) CTC see Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) CTED see Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate CUBA–UNITED STATES *334–335 cultural issues see social policy and cultural issues CYPRUS see also United Nations Peacebuilding Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) good offices mission 424–426 human rights 783 political and security questions *423–431

DARFUR see also African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) activities of ICC Prosecutor 267–269 appointment 270 extension of Panel of Experts 270 political and security questions *258–275 sanctions *269–272 Decade for the Eradication of Poverty, Second *809–812 Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism *585–587 decolonization *583–609 see also Non-Self-Governing Territories (NSGTs) American Samoa *599–600 Anguilla *600 Bermuda *600–601 British Virgin Islands *601 Cayman Islands *601 Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism *585–587 Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples *583–584 dissemination of information *606–607 economic and other activities affecting the interests of NSGTs *604–606 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 593–594 Gibraltar 594 Guam *601–602 information on territories *607–608 Island Territories *597–604 military activities and arrangements in colonial countries 604 Montserrat *602 New Caledonia *594–595 Pitcairn *603 Saint Helena *603 study and training *608–609 territories under review *593–605 Tokelau *595–597 Turks and Caicos Islands *604–605 United States Virgin Islands 605 Western Sahara 597 demobilization, international peace and security 54 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA (DPRK) disarmament 539–540

1554 economic and social questions 1061 human rights *773–776 non-proliferation *386–387 political and security questions 338, *386–388, 532, 539–540 Republic of Korea naval ship incident and aftermath *387–388 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (DRC) see also United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC); United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) arms embargo *132–135 humanitarian and special economic assistance 902– 903 human rights 767 international peace and security 48–49 legal questions 1273–1275, 1314, 1317–1319 operational activities for development 870, 874 political and security questions *120–141 refugees and displaced persons 1204, 1206 Security Council mission *123–127 sexual violence *127–128 technical assessment mission *121–135 women 1163, 1177 Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) development policy and international economic cooperation 813, 840, 848 international trade, finance and transport 937, 944–945 operational activities for development 885–886 population 1063 Department of Field Support (DFS) 81–82, 97, 101–102, 111, 1486 Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) Africa 111, 222, 238, 272 economic and social questions 864, 869–870, 887, 1161, 1168 institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1486 international peace and security 42, 54–55, 79, 81–83, 88–89, 97, 101–102, 105 Department of Political Affairs (DPA) 111 Department of Public Information (DPI) *621–630 DESA see Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) DEVELOPING COUNTRIES see also landlocked developing countries; small island developing States debt problems of *949–953 DEVELOPMENT see also developing countries; sustainable development; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD); United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS); specific country names agriculture development and food security *1236–1240 economic and social questions *859–892 human rights, right to development *719–724 industrial *798–800 and international economic cooperation *791–800 operational activities for *859–892 audit reports 882–884, 889 country and regional programmes 871–872

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 democratic governance 873–874 Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) 885–886 environment and sustainable development 874– 875 evaluation of regional programme for Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States 871–872 financial and administrative matters 879–885 monitoring and evaluation 876–879 other technical cooperation 885–892 programming arrangements 875–879 Resident Coordinators *863–865 Special Representatives of Secretary-General *863– 865 system-wide activities *859–867 technical cooperation *867–892 UNDP operational activities 871–879 UNDP/UNFPA Executive Board *867–871 and international economic cooperation *791–858 and public administration *840–842 population and 1059 science and technology for *829–840 sustainable 800–809 UNDP see United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and 1059 DFS see Department of Field Support (DFS) diamonds, conflict *48–51 disabled persons see persons with disabilities DISARMAMENT *504–580 see also terrorism 1925 Geneva Protocol *553–554 Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters 513–514 Africa 578 anti-personnel mines *562–563 Asia and the Pacific *578–579 bacteriological (biological) weapons *549–551 chemical weapons *551–553 cluster munitions 562 Conference on Disarmament 566 conventional weapons *554–556 anti-personnel mines *562–563 cluster munitions 562 Conference on Disarmament 565 convention on excessively injurious conventional weapons and protocols *559–562 illicit arms brokering *557–559 military expenditures *565–566 practical disarmament *563–566 small arms *554–559 transparency *565–566 depleted uranium, effects of *570–571 development, disarmament and *511–513 environmental norms, observance of *569–570 fissile material *522–523 Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation *533–534 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 539 International Day against Nuclear Tests 531 international peace and security 54 Latin America and the Caribbean *579–580 Middle East *541–542

Subject index missiles *533–534 multilateralism in disarmament and non-proliferation *537–539 non-proliferation issues *531–549 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 539–540 Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation *533–534 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 539 Iran *396–405, 540 Middle East *541–542 missiles *533–534 multilateralism in disarmament and non-proliferation *537–539 non-proliferation treaty 531–533 nuclear-weapon-free zones *543–549 radioactive waste 542–543 safeguards *539–542 Syrian Arab Republic 540 terrorism and WMDs *535–537 weapons of mass destruction *534–537 nuclear disarmament *514–531 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) *525–529 Conference on Disarmament *517–522 fissile material *522–523 International Day against Nuclear Tests 531 prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons *530–531 security assurances *523–525 nuclear-weapon-free zones *543–546 Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) *552–553 outer space, prevention of arms race in *566–569 radioactive waste 542–543 regional disarmament *575–580 Africa 578 Asia and the Pacific *578–579 confidence-building measures *576–578 conventional arms control at regional and subregional levels *575–576 Latin America and the Caribbean *579–580 relationship between disarmament and development *512–513 science and technology and disarmament 571 seabed and ocean floor, prevention of an arms race on 569 small arms *554–559 studies, research and training *571–574 education *573 fellowships, training and advisory services *572–573 information programme *574 United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) *571–572 terrorism and WMDs *535–537 transparency *565–566 United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) 505 United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean *579–580 United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific *578–579 United Nations regional centres for peace and disarmament *577–578

1555 UN machinery *504–511 advancing the disarmament agenda 504–505 comprehensive programme of disarmament 511 Conference on Disarmament *508–510 Disarmament Commission *507–508 fourth special session devoted to disarmament *505–507 multilateral disarmament agreements 511 United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) 505 United Nations role in disarmament *511–514 WMDs *535–537 women and disarmament *513 DISASTERS AND DISASTER RESPONSE *920–936 see also earthquake; Hurricane Tomas; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); refugees Caribbean, Hurricane Tomas *932–933 Chernobyl disaster *934–936 Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space *924 disaster assistance *929–936 disaster reduction *925–929 Djibouti 929–930 earthquake, Haiti *931–932 El Niño, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction *928–929 El Salvador 930 floods, Pakistan *933–934 Guatemala 930 Haiti *932–933 earthquake *931–932 Hurricane Tomas *932–933 international cooperation *921–925 International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) 924 International Strategy for Disaster Reduction *925–928 Mongolia 933 natural disasters and vulnerability 928 outer space, space-based disaster management and emergency response 612–613 Pakistan *933–934 Saint Lucia, Hurricane Tomas *932–933 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Hurricane Tomas *932–933 United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) *924 discrimination see human rights displaced persons see refugees and displaced persons DJIBOUTI, disasters and disaster response 929–930 DJIBOUTI–ERITREA Monitoring Group on Somalia 305 political and security questions 303–306 sanctions 305–306 DPKO see Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) DPRK see Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) DRC see Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) DRUG ABUSE AND CONTROL see also United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) abuse of drugs 1245–1247 Africa 1258

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

1556 West Africa 1258 Americas 1258–1259 Central America and the Caribbean 1258–1259 North America 1259 South America 1259 Asia 1259–1260 East and South-East Asia 1259 South Asia 1260 West Asia 1260 children, measures to protect 1247 Commission on Narcotic Drugs 1245–1250 conventions 1256–1261 cooperation against the world drug problem *1249– 1256 data collection 1250 Europe 1260–1261 evaluation of drug analysis laboratories 1249 follow-up to Political Declaration and Plan of Action 1250 HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne viruses 1246–1247 illicit cultivation, manufacture and trafficking 1247–1248 international drug control *1241–1261 International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) 1257–1261 laundering of assets, measures against 1248 manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances 1248 Oceania 1261 “poppers” 1247 poppy seeds, control of international trade in 1248 prevention of drug use 1246 proposed amendment to convention 1257 reduction of demand 1245–1247 regional cooperation 1251–1252 sexual assault, drug-facilitated 1247 synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists 1247 trafficking trends 1248 United Nations action to combat drug abuse *1241– 1249 world drug situation 1258–1261 youth, measures to protect 1247 Durban Declaration and Programme of Action (DDPA) 664

E earthquake, Haiti *320–321, *931–932 EAST TIMOR see Timor-Leste ECA see Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) ECLAC see Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) economic, social and cultural rights see human rights Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) 967, 974–979 Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) 967–968, 993–995, 997–998 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL 1411–1412 see also economic and social questions Peacebuilding Commission and *57 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL QUESTIONS *1183–1197, *1271–1391 see also development; international economic relations; statistics; specific topics and social issues ageing persons *1193–1197

audit reports 882–884, 889 Bosnia and Herzegovina, economic reform 411–412 cartography 1004 children 1183–1192 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 1183–1192 Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) *829–833 Committee for Development Policy (CDP) *840–841 cost recovery policy, UNCDF 892 country and regional programmes 871–872 crime prevention and criminal justice *1094–1132 administrative and budgetary questions *1101–1103 assets of illicit origin *1117–1118 corruption 1117–1118 crime data collection 1109 Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme network *1107–1109 crime prevention programme *1103–1109 integration and coordination *1109–1129 terrorism 1118–1119 trafficking in persons *1110–1116 transnational organized crime *1109–1116 women in detention and in custodial and non-custodial settings *1120–1129 crisis prevention and recovery 874 Decade for Eradication of Poverty, Second *809–812 democratic governance 873–874 Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) 885–886 development industrial *798–800 operational activities for *859–892 policy and international economic cooperation *791– 858 and public administration *840–842 science and technology for *829–840 sustainable 800–809 development policy and international economic cooperation *791–858 disaster response *920–936 drug control, international *1241–1261 economic and social trends 840 economic and technical cooperation among developing countries 891 energy *999–1002 environment *1005–1044 biodiversity and ecosystem services 1029–1031 environmental law 1041–1042 international conventions and mechanisms 1018– 1019 oceans and seas *1031–1038 environment and sustainable development 874–875 evaluation of regional programme for Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States 871–872 field visits 871 financial and administrative matters 879–885 international finance *945–963 financing and expenditures 866–867 food and agriculture *1235–1240 gender equality 875

Subject index globalization and interdependence *793–798 industrial development *798–800 new global human order *796–798 new international economic order *795–796 health *1218–1235 HIV, tuberculosis and malaria 873 humanitarian assistance *893–908 human resources development *1129–1132 Education for All *1130–1132 financing 1129–1130 United Nations Literacy Decade *1130–1132 UN research and training institutes 1129–1130 human settlements 1044–1051 coordinated implementation of Habitat Agenda *1046–1049 Habitat Agenda and strengthening of UN-Habitat *1044–1049 UN Human Settlements Programme *1049–1051 World Urban Forum 1045–1046 industrial development *798–800 information and communication technologies *833– 863, 976–977, 1268 internal audit, UNOPS 889 international drug control *1241–1261 illicit cultivation, manufacture and trafficking 1247– 1248 regional cooperation 1251–1252 world drug situation 1258–1261 international economic cooperation, development policy and *791–858 international economic relations *791–840 international finance *945–963 Africa, economic development in 945–946 competition law and policy 961–962 developing countries, debt problems of *949–953 development, financing for *953–961 financial flows 945 financial policy *945–953 international financial system *946–949 international standards of accounting and reporting 962 response to global financial and economic crisis 960–961 taxation *962–963 international trade *937–945 cocoa 944 commodities 944–945 Common Fund for Commodities 945 development and 941–942 investment, enterprise and development 943–944 multilateral trading system *938–941 negotiating frameworks 938–939 policy 941–942 promotion and facilitation 942–944 sugar 944 timber 944–945 international transport 963–966 maritime transport 963 transport of dangerous goods 963–964 Internet *836–839 landlocked developing countries *855–858

1557 least developed countries *842–848 microcredit and microfinance in eradication of poverty 812–813 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), eradication of poverty *813–829, 872–873 monitoring and evaluation 876–879 natural resources *1002–1004 new global human order *796–798 new international economic order *795–796 nuclear energy *999–1002 nutrition 1240 operational activities for development *859–892 audit reports 882–884, 889 country and regional programmes 871–872 democratic governance 873–874 Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) 885–886 environment and sustainable development 874– 875 evaluation of regional programme for Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States 871–872 financial and administrative matters 879–885 financing and expenditures 866–867 monitoring and evaluation 876–879 other technical cooperation 885–892 programming arrangements 875–879 Resident Coordinators *863–865 Special Representatives of Secretary-General *863– 865 system-wide activities *859–867 technical cooperation *867–892 UNDP operational activities 871–879 UNDP/UNFPA Executive Board *867–871 UN Office for Project Services 887–890 population *1052–1064 Commission on Population and Development *1052–1054 international migration and development *1054– 1057 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) 1057–1062 UN Population Division 1063–1064 poverty, eradication of *809–829 microcredit and microfinance in 812–813 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) *813–829, 872 Second UN Decade for Eradication of Poverty *809– 812 programming arrangements 875–879 refugees and displaced persons *1198–1217 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) *1198–1217 protection and assistance *1203–1213 staff security 1217 regional economic and social activities *967–998 Africa 968–974 Asia and the Pacific *974–983 Europe *983–988 Latin America and the Caribbean *988–993 regional cooperation 967–968 review and reform of the regional commissions 968 Western Asia *993–998

1558 Resident Coordinators *863–865 science and technology for development *829–840 simplification and harmonization of UN development system 865–866 small island developing States *848–855 social policy and cultural issues *1065–1094 cultural development *1082–1094 cultural property *1091–1094 culture of peace *1082–1088 persons with disabilities *1077–1082 social development *1065–1077 sport for development and peace *1089–1090 trafficking in cultural property *1091–1094 special economic assistance *908–920 Special Representatives of Secretary-General *863–865 special situations, groups of countries in *842–858 statistics *1262–1270 agricultural statistics 1265–1266 crime and drugs, statistics on 1267 cultural statistics 1267–1268 demographic and social statistics 1266–1268 economic statistics 1262–1266 environment Statistics 1264 labour statistics 1267 Statistical Commission *1262–1270 strategic plan, 2008–2011 879 sustainable development 800–809 Commission on Sustainable Development 801–802 education for sustainable development *806–807 human security *805–806 tourism *807–809 system-wide activities *859–867 technical cooperation *867–892 tourism *807–809 trade, international *937–945 transport, international 963–966 United Nations Capital Development Fund 891–892 UNDP operational activities 871–879 United Nations Office for Partnerships 886–887 United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) 887–890 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) 1057–1062 water resources *1002–1004 women *1133–1182 and armed conflict *1159–1167 critical areas of concern *1139–1175 Fourth World Conference on Women and Beijing+5 *1133–1175 health *1140–1144 and human rights *1171–1175 peace and security *1160–1163 poverty *1139–1140 trafficking in women and girls *1171–1175 UN machinery *1176–1182 UN-Women *1178–1182 violence against *1144–1159 youth 1192–1193 Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) economic and social questions 846, 855, 912–913, 967–974

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1455, 1465 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) 967–968, 988–993, 1269, 1465 Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) *117–118 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Africa 107, 116, 174–177, 183, 190–193, 198, 201, 210, 218, 222–227, 229–230, 233–234, 236 economic cooperation, international see development economic law, international *1339–1347 ecosystems see environment ECOWAS see Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) EDUCATION Education for All *1130–1132 human rights 660–661 elderly persons see ageing persons elections Afghanistan 348 Asia and the Pacific 348, 363–364, 406 Côte d’Ivoire 188–189 Guinea 235–237 Iraq 363–364 Kyrgyzstan 406 Sudan *240–244 electronic commerce, legal questions 1343 El Niño, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction *928–929 EL SALVADOR, disasters and disaster response 930 ENERGY *999–1002 see also International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) economic and social questions *999–1002 International Year of Sustainable Energy for All *1001– 1002 nuclear energy *999–1002 enforced disappearance, human rights *654–655 ENVIRONMENT *1005–1044 see also United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) atmosphere 1028–1029 biodiversity and ecosystem services 1029–1031 Caribbean Sea, sustainable development of *1035–1037 chemical safety 1038 climate change convention *1019–1021 convention on air pollution 1022 convention on biological diversity *1022–1025 convention to combat desertification *1025–1028 coordination and cooperation *1012–1016 coral reefs *1032–1034 deforestation and forest degradation 1031 economic and social questions *1005–1044 environmental activities *1028–1044 environmental emergencies *1014–1016 environmental law 1041–1042 Gaza Strip, environmental situation in 1016 Global Environment Facility 1017–1018 Haiti, environmental response in 1016 harmful products and waste, protection against *1038– 1041 human rights 747–748 international chemicals management 1038

Subject index international conventions and mechanisms 1018–1019 international environmental governance 1008–1010 International Mother Earth Day 1043 International Year of Biodiversity 1030–1031 International Year of Forests (2011) 1031 Lebanon, oil slick in *1014–1016 marine ecosystems *1031–1038 memorandums of understanding 1013 mercury 1038–1039 oceans and seas *1031–1038 persistent organic pollutants 1039–1040 small island developing States 1011–1012 and sustainable development 1011–1012 terrestrial ecosystems 1031 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) *1005–1017 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 1044 Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol 1022 waste from chemical munitions dumped at sea *1037– 1038 waste management 1040 ERITREA–ETHIOPIA, political and security questions *306–308 ESCAP see Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) ESCWA see Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) EU see European Union (EU) EUFOR 415 EUPM 415–416 EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN see also European Union (EU); specific country names economic and social activities, regional *983–988 human rights 783 peacekeeping operations 85 population, Eastern Europe 1060 refugees and displaced persons 1212–1213 regional economic and social activities *983–988 economic trends 983 energy 984 environment 984 housing and land management 984–988 statistics, housing and land management 983 timber 983 trade 983 transport 983–984 United Nations Population Fund, Eastern Europe 1060 European Union (EU) Africa 190, 192, 207, 223, 225–226, 235, 245, 249, 297 Asia and the Pacific 346, 348 development policy and international economic cooperation 831, 843 disarmament 550 environment and human settlements 1019, 1022, 1025, 1038, 1040 Europe and the Mediterranean 409–411, 415–418, 420– 421, 423–424, 436 humanitarian and special economic assistance 930, 932 human rights 655, 707 international drug control 1256, 1258–1259

1559 international peace and security 43, 46–48, 58, 83 Middle East 438, 443 operational activities for development 888 political and security questions 593 refugees and displaced persons 1212–1213 European Union multinational stabilization force (EUFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina 85, 415 European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) 417 Every Woman Every Child Initiative see Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health expulsion of aliens 1324 extradition 1325

FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS), decolonization 593–594 FAO see Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) female genital mutilation 1143–1144 financial and administrative matters see also international finance; international trade; international transport; legal questions fissile material, disarmament *522–523 floods, Pakistan *933–934 flotilla incident, Occupied Palestinian Territory *439– 441 FOOD *1235–1240 see also Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); nutrition; World Food Programme (WFP) agriculture development and food security *1236–1240 Committee on World Food Security 1236 food aid 1235–1236 food security *1236–1240 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO) fisheries management *1357–1370 food security *1236–1240

Gaza Strip, environmental situation in 1016 gender issues see women General Assembly 1407–1411 genocide, human rights 655 GEORGIA see also United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) appointment of Special Representative 422 Geneva talks 420 IDPs and refugees *420–421 political and security questions *420–422 GIBRALTAR, decolonization 594 Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy *76–78 Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health (Every Woman Every Child Initiative) 1059, 1140, 1187 globalization, and interdependence *793–798 GREAT LAKES REGION see Central Africa and Great Lakes region GREECE, relations with the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 420 GUATEMALA disasters and disaster response 930 human rights 771 International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) *317–318 political and security questions *317–318

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

1560 GUINEA human rights 768 Joint Declaration of Ouagadougou *233–234 political and security questions 233–237 presidential elections 235–237 GUINEA-BISSAU see also United Nations Integrated Peacebulding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS); United Nations Peacebulding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS) Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) 222 Peacebuilding Commission 229–231 Peacebuilding Strategic Framework 230 political and security questions *221–231

HAITI see also United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) cholera outbreak 327–328 disasters and disaster response *932–933 earthquake *320–321, *931–932 Hurricane Tomas *932–933 humanitarian assistance 907–908 human rights 771–772 political and security questions *319–333 special economic assistance *916–920 HEALTH *1218–1235 see also HIV/AIDS; Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) AIDS prevention and control *1218–1222 child health, tobacco use and *1227 Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS *1218–1220 foreign policy, global health and *1230–1232 global public health *1228–1233 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 1220– 1222 malaria 1227–1228 maternal health *1227, 1232–1233 non-communicable diseases *1222–1225 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 1220 road safety *1233–1235 tobacco *1226–1227 UNAIDS activities 1221–1222 water and sanitation *1225–1226 women *1140–1144, 1232–1233 female genital mutilation 1143–1144 Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health 1140 maternal mortality 1143 obstetric fistula *1140–1143 tobacco use and maternal and child health 1143 traditional practices affecting the health of women and girls 1143–1144 women, the girl child and HIV/AIDS 1140 Herzegovina see Bosnia and Herzegovina HIV/AIDS drug control 1246–1247 economic and social questions, development 873 international drug control 1246–1247 prevention and control *1218–1222 UNAIDS see Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 1188 women, the girl child and HIV/AIDS 1140

HONDURAS, political and security questions 319 HORN OF AFRICA see also specific country names Chad–Sudan 275–276 children and armed conflict 253–254, 294–296 Darfur *258–275 Djibouti–Eritrea 303–306 elections *240–244 Eritrea–Ethiopia *306–308 Monitoring Group on Somalia 305 piracy *286–294 political and security questions *237–308 sanctions *269–272, *296–301, 305–306 Somalia *276–303 Sudan *237–275 Working Group on Children and Armed conflict 296 human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) see HIV/AIDS HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE *893–908 see also Disasters and disaster response; New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD); Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA); refugees and displaced persons Africa 902–905 Asia 905–907 coordination *893–900 Economic and Social Council *893–897 humanitarian activities 902–908 humanitarian reform agenda *897–900 Latin America and the Caribbean 907–908 resource mobilization 901–902 Central Emergency Response Fund 901 consolidated appeals 902 United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security 902 strengthening of coordination of UN emergency humanitarian assistance *894–900 UN and other humanitarian personnel 900 HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT *1129–1132 Education for All *1130–1132 financing 1129–1130 United Nations Literacy Decade *1130–1132 UN research and training institutes 1129–1130 HUMAN RIGHTS *631–788 see also Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR); racism and racial discrimination; torture and cruel treatment; specific rights advisory services and technical cooperation 657–658 Africa Burundi 766 Côte d’Ivoire 766–767 Democratic Republic of the Congo 767 Guinea 768 Sierra Leone 768 Somalia 768–769 Sudan 769–770 Americas Bolivia 770–771 Colombia 771 Guatemala 771 Haiti 771–772 Asia and the Pacific 658 Afghanistan 772 Cambodia 772–773

Subject index Democratic People’s Republic of Korea *773–776 Iran *776–779 Kyrgyzstan 779 Myanmar *779–783 Nepal 783 children *754–758 children and armed conflict *755–757 convention on the rights of the child *646–653 sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 754–755 violence against children 754 civil and political rights *664–719 administration of justice *693–695 arbitrary detention 711–712 capital punishment *699–700 civilians in armed conflict 698–699 covenant on *643–644 disappearance of persons 700–701 discrimination against minorities *679–681 extralegal executions *702–706 freedom of association 698 freedom of expression 697–698 freedom of religion or belief *681–688 human rights defenders 673–674 journalists in armed conflict 698 judges and lawyers, independence of 696–697 leprosy victims *680–681 mercenaries *689–692 missing persons *701–702 protection of migrants *675–679 racism and racial discrimination *664–673 reprisals for cooperation with human rights bodies 674 right to a nationality 697 right to peace *717–718 right to the truth *695–696 rule of law, democracy and human rights *693–699 self-determination, right to *688–692 terrorism *712–717 torture and cruel treatment *706–711 Committee against Torture *645–646 Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 644 Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 640–641 Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 653–654 Committee on the Rights of the Child 646–647 complaint procedure 636–637 country situations *765–788 Africa 766–770 Americas 770–772 Asia *772–783 Cyprus 783 Europe and the Mediterranean 783 general aspects 765–766 Middle East *784–788 development, right to *719–724 coercive economic measures *730–732 democratic and equitable international order *724– 727

1561 foreign debt 729–730 globalization *727–729 human rights and international solidarity 724 transnational corporations 730 disabilities, convention on rights of persons with 653–654 economic, social and cultural rights *719–764 children *754–758 covenant on *644–645 development, right to *719–724 emergency situations, right to education in *745– 746 environmental and scientific concerns 747–748 extreme poverty *733–735 housing, right to adequate 740–741 impact of economic and financial crisis 719 indigenous peoples *759–764 maternal mortality 742 realizing economic, social and cultural rights 719 right to education *744–747 right to food *736–740 right to health *741–744 slavery and related issues *748–751 Social Forum 732–733 trafficking in women and girls 752–754 violence against women 751–752 vulnerable groups 751–764 water and sanitation *742–744 women 751–754 education, human rights 660–661 enforced disappearance, protection from *654–655 environmental and scientific concerns 747–748 forensic genetics 747 general aspects 655–656 genetic privacy 747–748 genocide prevention 655 Human Rights Council *633–637 human rights instruments *639–656 human rights treaty body system 655–656 indigenous peoples *759–764 International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance *654–655 international cooperation in the field of human rights *656–657 International Year for People of African Descent *661– 662 Middle East attack against humanitarian flotilla 786 Territories occupied by Israel *784–788 migrant workers, convention on 653 monitoring body 640–641 national institutions 659 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) 637–639 Ombudsman role and other national institutions *659– 660 Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 763 prevention, role of 639 promotion of human rights *633–662 children, convention on the rights of the child *646–653

1562 civil and political rights, covenant on *643–644 economic, social and cultural rights, covenant on *644–645 education, human rights 660–661 enforced disappearance, protection from *654–655 Human Rights Council *633–637 human rights instruments *639–656 migrant workers, convention on 653 racial discrimination, convention against *640–643 torture, convention against *645–646 UN machinery *633–639 protection of human rights *663–764 civil and political rights *664–719 economic, social and cultural rights *719–764 special procedures 663 racial discrimination, convention against *640–643 racism and racial discrimination *664–673 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup 664 Intergovernmental Working Group 664 sports, combating racism in 664–665 Working Group on people of African descent 664 regional arrangements 658 role of prevention 639 self-determination, right to *688–692 mercenaries *689–692 Palestinian right to self-determination *688–689 slavery and related issues *748–751 fund on slavery 749 permanent memorial *749–751 slavery and transatlantic slave trade *749–751 strengthening action to promote human rights *656– 660 Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 646 torture, convention against *645–646 toxic wastes 748 UN machinery *633–639 Voluntary Fund 658 Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Populations 762 Voluntary Fund for International Decade 762–763 Voluntary Fund for torture victims 708 vulnerable groups 751–764 children *754–758 indigenous peoples *759–764 internally displaced persons 758–759 persons with disabilities 759 women 751–754 women 751–754, *1171–1175 convention on elimination of discrimination against women 645 Palestinian women 1171 trafficking in women and girls 752–754, *1171–1175 violence against women 751–752 working group on discrimination against women 751 Human Rights Council *633–637 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS 1044–1051 coordinated implementation of Habitat Agenda *1046–1049

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 Habitat Agenda and strengthening of UN-Habitat *1044–1049 United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) *1044–1051 World Urban Forum 1045–1046 Hurricane Tomas *932–933

IAEA see International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) IAMB see International Advisory and Monitoring Board for Iraq (IAMB) IANWGE see United Nations Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality (IANWGE) ICAO see International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) ICC see International Criminal Court (ICC) ICJ see International Court of Justice (ICJ) ICRC see International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) ICRI see International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) ICSC see International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) ICTR see International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) ICTY see International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) IDPs see internally displaced persons IFAD see International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) ILO see International Labour Organization (ILO) IMF see International Monetary Fund (IMF) IMO see International Maritime Organization (IMO) INCB see International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) INDIA, political and security questions, India–Pakistan 406 industrial development *798–800 INFORMATION *619–630 Department of Public Information (DPI) *621–630 developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security *620–621 economic and social questions, information and communication technologies 833 United Nations Communications Group 630 United Nations information centres *623–630 United Nations public information 621, *624–630 INSARAG see International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) insolvency law 1342–1343 INSTITUTIONAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND BUDGETARY QUESTIONS *1393–1494 administrative matters *1448–1454 managerial reform and oversight *1448–1454 agenda 1410 conference management *1454–1461 cooperation with organizations *1414–1422 coordination, monitoring and cooperation 1412–1414 credentials 1410–1411 Economic and Social Council 1411–1412 financing and programming *1424–1447 accounts and auditing *1442–1446 contributions *1440–1442 financial situation 1424 programme planning 1446–1447 UN budget *1425–1440 General Assembly 1409–1411

Subject index institutional machinery 1409–1412 institutional mechanisms 1412–1413 intergovernmental machinery *1407–1409 organization of Assembly sessions 1409–1410 other organizations, United Nations and *1414–1423 peacekeeping operations *87–105 programme of reform *1395–1407 restructuring and institutional matters *1395–1423 Security Council 1411 staff matters *1465–1494 administration of justice *1488–1494 conditions of service *1465–1473 safety and security *1473–1478 travel-related matters 1488 United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund *1486–1488 UN financing and programming *1424–1447 UN information systems 1461–1463 UN premises and property 1463–1465 UN restructuring issues *1395–1407 INSTRAW see International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1029 Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR) 962 internally displaced persons (IDPs) 157, 238, 246, *420–421, 758–759 International Advisory and Monitoring Board for Iraq (IAMB) *371–373 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (IAEA) Asia and the Pacific 338, 373–374, 386, 396, 405 disarmament 508, 532–533, 535, 539–542, 544, 570 economic and social questions 999–1000 international peace and security 76 political and security questions 618 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 614 International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) 1413, 1465– 1468, 1473, 1478 International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) *317–318 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 550, 1334 International Conference on Great Lakes Region 116 International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) 1032 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) advisory proceedings *1286–1288 Africa 231–232 Americas 319 composition of the Court *1289 conditions of service and compensation 1289 contentious proceedings 1273–1286 election of judges *1289 Europe and the Mediterranean 409, 416–417 functioning of the Court 1289 judicial work of the Court *1273–1288 legal questions *1273–1289, 1348–1349 Middle East 445, 451, 454–455 organization of the Court 1289 Trust Fund to Assist States in Settlement of Disputes 1289 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) Africa 182, 189–190, 220, 246, 267–269

1563 Assembly of States Parties 1316–1317 Chambers 1317–1320 cooperation, international 1319–1320 international peace and security 59 investigations 1318–1319 Kampala Declaration 1317 legal questions *1314–1320 new arrests, warrants and summonses 1317 Office of the Prosecutor 1318–1319 ongoing cases, trials and appeals 1317–1318 Registry 1319–1320 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA (ICTR) ad litem judges *1300–1302 Chambers *1298–1302 extension of terms of office *1300–1302 financing 1303–1304 institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1470–1471 international tribunals and court *1298–1306, 1314 Judges *1300–1302 new arrests 1298 Office of the Prosecutor 1302–1303 ongoing cases, trials and appeals 1298–1300 Registry 1303 International Day against Nuclear Tests 531 INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS see also sustainable development development and *791–800 development policy and *791–858 sustainable development 800–809 INTERNATIONAL FINANCE *945–963 see also development; International Monetary Fund; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Africa, economic development in 945–946 competition law and policy 961–962 developing countries, debt problems of *949–953 development, financing for *953–961 financial flows 945 financial policy *945–953 international financial system *946–949 international standards of accounting and reporting 962 response to global financial and economic crisis 960– 961 taxation *962–963 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) 1287–1288 International Labour Organization (ILO) Administrative Tribunal 1287–1288 Global Jobs Pact 1071–1072 statistics 1267–1268 women 1168–1169, 1176 INTERNATIONAL LAW see treaties and agreements INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION (ILC) *1321–1328 effects of armed conflict on treaties 1325 expulsion of aliens 1324 extradition 1325 immunity of State officials 1325 most-favoured-nation clause 1326 protection of persons in the event of disasters 1325

1564 reservations to treaties 1322–1324 shared natural resources 1326 treaties over time 1325–1326 international legal questions see legal questions International Maritime Organization (IMO) 287, 290–291, 963 International Monetary Fund (IMF) economic and social questions 946–947, 949, 954, 1263 political and security questions 222, 230, 411–412 International Mother Earth Day 1043 International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) 1241, 1247– 1248, 1256–1261 INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY *41–105 see also peacebuilding; peacekeeping operations; terrorism Afghanistan, terrorist attacks 78 civilians, protection in armed conflict *58–67 conflict prevention *48–51 Counter-Terrorism Committee 72–73, *73–76 demobilization 54 diamonds, conflict *48–51 disarmament 54 Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy *76–78 intercultural dialogue for peace and security 48 Iran, terrorist attacks 78 Iraq, terrorist attacks 78 Kimberley Process *48–51 maintenance of international peace and security *41– 48 Nigeria, terrorist attacks 78 nuclear and radiological terrorism 76 Pakistan, terrorist attacks 78–79 Peacebuilding Commission *55–58 peacekeeping operations *79–105 peacemaking and peacebuilding *51–58 post-conflict peacebuilding *51–55 promotion of international peace and security *41–69 protection issues *58–67 radiological terrorism 76 reintegration, post-conflict peacebuilding 54 roster of political missions and offices 68–69 rule of law post-conflict peacebuilding 54 preventive diplomacy and role of Security Council *42–46 Russian Federation, terrorist attacks 79 security sector reform 41–42 Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations consideration 41–42, 54–55 special political missions 68–69 terrorism, international *70–79 terrorist attacks 78–79 threats to international peace and security *70–79 Uganda, terrorist attacks 79 United Nations and regional organizations 46–48 International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW) 1178–1179, 1396, 1403 International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) 924 International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) 85 International Space Weather Initiative 613

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) *925– 928 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 622 international terrorism see terrorism INTERNATIONAL TRADE *937–945 see also United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD); World Trade Organization (WTO) cocoa 944 commodities 944–945 Common Fund for Commodities 945 development and 941–942 investment, enterprise and development 943–944 multilateral trading system *938–941 negotiating frameworks 938–939 policy 941–942 promotion and facilitation 942–944 sugar 944 timber 944–945 INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT 963–966 maritime transport 963 transport of dangerous goods 963–964 INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA (ICTY) ad litem judges *1293 Board of Auditors report 1296 Chambers *1290–1295 extension of terms of office *1293–1295 financing *1296–1298 institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1470–1471 international tribunals and court *1290–1298, 1301, 1303, 1305–1306, 1314 Judges *1293–1295 new arrests and indictments 1291 Office of the Prosecutor 1295–1296 ongoing cases, trials and appeals 1291–1292 Registry 1296 INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS AND COURTS *1290– 1320 see also International Criminal Court (ICC); International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR); International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) ad hoc mechanism *1306–1314 completion strategies 1305–1306 financing *1296–1298, 1303–1304 functioning of Tribunals *1305–1314 International Criminal Court (ICC) *1314–1320 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) *1298–1306 International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) *1290–1298, 1305 International Year for People of African Descent *661–662 International Year of Biodiversity 1030–1031 International Year of Forests 1031 Internet, economic and social questions 836 IRAN disarmament 540 human rights *776–779 non-proliferation issues *396–405 political and security questions *396–406 sanctions 405–406 terrorism 78

Subject index

1565

IRAQ see also United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) elections 363–364 formation of national Government 367 humanitarian assistance 905 International Advisory and Monitoring Board (IAMB) *371–373 Kuwait, political and security questions with 377–378 POWs, Kuwaiti property and missing persons 377– 378 United Nations Compensation Commission and Fund 378 non-proliferation and disarmament obligations *373– 374 oil-for-food programme *375–377 political and security questions *363–377 terrorism 78 United Nations Iraq Account *375–377 Islamic Republic of Iran see Iran islands see small island developing states ISLAND TERRITORIES, decolonization *597–604 ISRAEL see also Middle East; Palestine Occupied Palestinian Territory, Israeli settlements *449–452 Special Committee on Israeli Practices 497–498 ITU see International Telecommunication Union

J Jammu, peacekeeping operations 85 Jerusalem, Occupied Palestinian Territory *452–453 Joint Inspection Unit 863–865, 912–913, 1042–1043, 1448– 1449, 1452–1454 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 1188, 1193, 1220–1222, 1246, 1414

K KASHMIR, peacekeeping operations 85 KENYA, humanitarian assistance 903 Kimberley Process *48–51 KOSOVO see also United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) declaration of independence of Kosovo 417 European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) 417 political and security questions *416–420 Kosovo Force 419–420 KUWAIT Iraq, political and security questions with 377–378 oversight activities 378 POWs, Kuwaiti property and missing persons 377– 378 United Nations Compensation Commission and Fund 378 KYRGYZSTAN elections 406 humanitarian assistance 905–906 human rights 779 political and security questions 406

L Lake Chad Basin Commission (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, the Niger, Nigeria) 231

LANDLOCKED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, development policy *855–858 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN see also Americas; Caribbean; Central America; Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC); specific country names disarmament *579–580 economic and social activities, regional *988–993 humanitarian assistance 907–908 Hurricane Tomas *932–933 population 1060–1061 regional economic and social activities *988–993 Caribbean 992 economic trends 988 equity and social cohesion 989–990 macroeconomic policies and growth 989 mainstreaming gender in regional development 990 Mexico and Central America 992 natural resources and infrastructure 991 population and development 990 production and innovation 989 programme and organizational questions 992, *993 public administration 990–991 regional integration and cooperation 989 statistics and economic projections 991–992 subregional activities 992 sustainable development and human settlements 991 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) 1060–1061 LAW OF THE SEA *1356–1391 see also landlocked developing countries; small island developing States Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea 1391 International Seabed Authority 1370 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea *1356–1391 Least Developed Countries (LDCs) *842–848 preparations for Fourth United Nations Conference on *846–848 LEBANON see also Middle East; United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) oil slick in *1014–1016 political and security questions *484–497 Special Tribunal for Lebanon 496–497 LEGAL QUESTIONS *1271–1391 diplomatic relations *1336–1338 economic law, international *1339–1347 arbitration rules *1340 commercial arbitration 1342 Commission on International Trade Law *1339–1347 electronic commerce 1343 insolvency law 1342–1343 Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law *1341–1342 Legislative Guide on Secured Transactions *1340– 1341 microfinance 1344 procurement 1342 security interests 1343 technical cooperation and assistance 1344 host country relations *1354–1355 International Court of Justice (ICJ) *1273–1289 International Criminal Court (ICC) *1314–1320

1566 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) *1298–1306 international economic law *1339–1347 International Law Commission (ILC) *1321–1328 effects of armed conflict on treaties 1325 expulsion of aliens 1324 extradition 1325 immunity of State officials 1325 most-favoured-nation clause 1326 protection of persons in the event of disasters 1325 reservations to treaties 1322–1324 shared natural resources 1326 treaties over time 1325–1326 international legal questions *1321–1355 international political relations *1321–1339 International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) *1290–1298, 1305 international tribunals and court *1290–1320 jurisdictional immunities of States and their properties 1330 law of the sea *1356–1391 Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea 1391 International Seabed Authority 1370 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea *1356–1391 rule of law at the national and international levels *1347– 1348 security interests 1343 Special Committee on United Nations Charter *1348– 1352 State relations and international law *1328–1336 convention on international terrorism 1330–1331 international liability *1329–1330 internationally wrongful acts, responsibility of States for *1328–1329 international terrorism *1330–1334 jurisdictional immunities of States and their properties 1330 measures to eliminate international terrorism *1330–1334 Protocols Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions *1334–1336 special missions 1330 State responsibility *1328–1329 succession of States 1330 treaties involving international organizations 1330 universal jurisdiction *1330 strengthening the role of the United Nations *1348– 1354 treaties and agreements 1338–1339 advice and capacity-building in treaty law and practice 1339 multilateral treaties 1338–1339 over time 1325–1326 registration and publication of treaties 1338 United Nations Programme for the teaching and study of international law *1352–1354 universal jurisdiction *1330 leprosy victims, human rights *680–681 LIBERIA see also United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) appointments 205, 211 Peacebuilding Commission 209–210

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 political and security questions *200–213 sanctions 205–209 library and knowledge services 623, *629

M MACEDONIA see The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia MADAGASCAR, political and security questions 315 malaria 873, 1227–1228 management, see Institutional, Administrative and Budgetary Questions maritime law see law of the sea maritime transport 963 maternal health and mortality 1143, 1232–1233 tobacco use *1227 MAURITANIA, political and security questions 237 MAURITIUS, political and security questions, with United Kingdom 315–316 MDGs see Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) mercenaries *689–692 mercury 1038–1039 microcredit and microfinance eradication of poverty 812–813 legal questions 1344 MIDDLE EAST see also Palestine; specific country names disarmament *541–542 flotilla incident *439–441 human rights *784–788 Lebanon *484–497 Occupied Palestinian Territory, peace process *438–464 peacekeeping operations 85 peace process *437–464 diplomatic efforts 437–438 Occupied Palestinian Territory *438–464 political and security questions *437–503 refugees and displaced persons 1211–1212 Syrian Arab Republic *497–503 migrant persons see refugees and displaced persons migrant workers, human rights 653 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) children, youth and ageing persons 1183–1189 development policy and international economic cooperation 791–792, 798, 802, 809, 813, *813–830, 836, 840, 844, 849, 855–856 energy, natural resources and cartography 1002–1003 environment and human settlements 1011, 1014, 1030– 1031, 1034, 1041, 1046 health, food and nutrition 1218–1221, 1227, 1230, 1232 human rights 719, 733, 742 institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1396, 1410, 1412–1414, 1416 international trade, finance and transport 938, 943, 945–946, 953–954, 959 operational activities for development 859–860, 869– 870, 872–873, 875, 879, 886–887, 890–892 political and security questions 512, 621–622, 630 population 1053, 1057–1059, 1062–1063 regional economic and social activities 967–972, 974, 977–978, 988, 990, 992, 994–995, 997 social policy, crime prevention and human resources development 1077–1078, 1130

Subject index

1567

statistics 1262, 1266, 1268 women 1134–1136, 1139–1140, 1167–1168 mines see anti-personnel mines MINURCAT see United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT) MINURSO see United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) MINUSTAH see United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) missiles, disarmament *533–534 MONGOLIA, disasters and disaster response in 933 Monitoring Group on Somalia 305 MONTSERRAT, decolonization *602 MONUC see United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) MONUSCO see United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) most-favoured-nation clause, legal questions 1326 multilingualism 622, *626 munitions see disarmament; weapons MYANMAR, human rights *779–783

NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) NATURAL RESOURCES economic and social questions *1002–1004 legal questions 1326 NEPAD see New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) NEPAL see also United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) children and armed conflict 394–396 humanitarian assistance 906 human rights 783 political and security questions *388–396 NEW CALEDONIA, decolonization *594–595 New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) *908– 916, 969 Economic Commission for Africa 913 progress in implementation and international support *908–911 social dimensions of *913–915 NICARAGUA–COSTA RICA, political and security questions 319 NICARAGUA–HONDURAS, political and security questions 319 NIGERIA Cameroon–Nigeria Mixed Commission 231–233 terrorist attacks 78 non-governmental organizations 1422–1423 non-proliferation Democratic People’s Republic of Korea *386–387 Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Treaty on the (NPT) 504–505, 508–509, 511, 513, 517–518, 523, 525, 531–533, 535, 539–541, 543–544, 546, 578 Non-Self-Governing Territories (NSGTs) see decolonization NORTH AFRICA see also specific country names political and security questions *308–315 refugees and displaced persons 1211–1212 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Africa 290, 297 Asia and the Pacific 339, 346, 356, 358, 361

Europe and the Mediterranean 410, 415, 419 legal questions 1281 NPT see Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Treaty on the nuclear and radiological terrorism 76 nuclear disarmament *514–531 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) *525– 529 Conference on Disarmament *517–522 fissile material *522–523 International Day against Nuclear Tests 531 prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons *530–531 security assurances *523–525 nuclear energy *999–1002 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) *999–1002 International Year of Sustainable Energy for All *1001– 1002 nuclear-weapon-free zones *543–546 Africa *543 African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty *543 Asia 543–546 Central Asia *543–544 Mongolia *544–545 South-East Asia 546 Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia *544 Latin America and the Caribbean *546–547 Middle East *547–548 non-proliferation issues *543–549 nuclear-weapon-free southern hemisphere and adjacent areas *548–549 Second Conference of Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones and Mongolia 543 Southern hemisphere and adjacent areas *548–549 South Pacific 548 nutrition 1240 see also food; humanitarian assistance Standing Committee on Nutrition 1240 United Nations University Food and Nutrition Programme for Human and Social Development (UNU-FNP) 1240

OAS see Organization of American States (OAS) obstetric fistula *1140–1143 OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY see also Israel; Middle East; Palestine economic and social situation *459–464 flotilla incident *439–441 fact-finding mission 440 Panel of Inquiry 441 follow-up to Board of Inquiry report and Fact-Finding Mission on Gaza Conflict 444–445 Fourth Geneva Convention *464–465 humanitarian assistance 906 Israeli settlements *449–452 Jerusalem *452–453 peace process *438–464 economic and social situation *459–464 peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine *445– 449 permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory *463–464

1568 political and security questions *438–464 Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting Human Rights *453–465 United Nations Register of Damage Caused by the Construction of the Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory 455 oceans and seas see also law of the sea environment *1031–1038 OCHA see Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) ODA see official development assistance (ODA) OECD see Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) office see under main part of title Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) economic and social questions 893–894, 897, 901 political and security questions 127, 240, 286, 320, 450, 454, 471 Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) administrative and staff matters 1448, 1450–1452, 1454, 1456, 1486 economic and social questions 886–887, 1170, 1214– 1215 legal questions 1319 political and security questions 82–83, 88–89, 97, 211, 378 United Nations financing and programming 1445–1447 Office of the Special Adviser on Africa 114–115 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) promotion of human rights 654, 656 protection of human rights 675, 698, 717, 719, 742, 747, 751, 759, 762 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Africa 121, 128, 158, 165–166, 253, 309, 311–312 Asia and the Pacific 357 evaluation activities 1214 Executive Committee *1198–1203 financial and administrative questions 1215–1217 global needs assessment 1216–1217 humanitarian and special economic assistance 894, 905, 916 inspections 1214–1215 institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1454, 1490 management and administrative change 1216 partnerships and coordination 1213–1214 policy development and cooperation 1213–1215 programme policy *1198–1203 refugees and displaced persons *1198–1217 Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon (UNSCOL) 69 Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East (UNSCO) 68 official development assistance (ODA) 946, 949, 953, 959–960 OHCHR see Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) oil-for-food programme *375–377 OIOS see Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) ONUB see United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB)

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) development policy and international economic cooperation 792, 842 international trade, finance and transport 946 legal questions 1326 operational activities for development 860, 870, 880 regional economic and social activities 970, 991 statistics 1263 Organization for Democracy and Economic Development-GUAM 421, 423 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 412, 416, 420–422, 436 Organization of American States (OAS) 319, 324, 327 OSCE see Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Ouagadougou Agreement, Africa 107–108, 175, 177–178, 180–183, 188–191, *233–236 OUTER SPACE Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Legal Subcommittee *613–617 Scientific and Technical Subcommittee 610–613 Inter-Agency Meeting on Outer Space Activities 611 international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space *613–617 International Space Weather Initiative 613 peaceful uses of outer space *609–617 political and security questions *609–617 scientific and technical issues 611–613 space-based disaster management and emergency response (UN-SPIDER) 612–613 UNISPACE III recommendations 609–610 United Nations Programme on Space Applications 610–611

PAKISTAN Benazir Bhutto assassination inquiry 406–407 disasters and disaster response *933–934 humanitarian assistance 906 political and security questions 406–407 India–Pakistan 406 terrorism 78–79 PALESTINE see also Israel; Middle East assistance to Palestinians *470–484 Committee on Palestinian Rights *466–470 displaced persons *480–481 Division for Palestinian Rights *468–469 general aspects *465–470 human rights, Palestinian women 1171 political and security questions *465–484 property rights *483–484 special information programme *469–470 UN activities *470–474 UNCTAD assistance to Palestinians *471–474 women *481–483, 1171 PEACEBUILDING *51–58 PEACEBUILDING COMMISSION *55–58 Burundi 146 Central African Republic (CAR) 154–155 Economic and Social Council and *57 Liberia 209–210

Subject index Organizational Committee *56–57 Peacebuilding Fund 57–58 review of peacebuilding architecture *55–56 Sierra Leone 217–218 Peacebuilding Fund 57–58 PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS *79–105 see also specific country names accounts and auditing *95 Africa 85 Americas 85 Asia 85 aviation safety 84 closed missions, funds for *94 comprehensive review of *84 conduct and discipline 81–82 cooperation with regional organizations 83 with troop-contributing countries 82 criminal accountability of UN staff and experts on mission *102–104 cross-cutting issues *97–102 Europe and the Mediterranean 85 financial and administrative aspects of peacekeeping operations *87–105 funds for closed missions *94 general aspects of UN peacekeeping 81–83 information *627–628 management of peacekeeping assets *96–97 Middle East 85 oversight activities 83 peacekeeping support account *88–94 personnel matters *102–105 restructuring issues *97–102 roster of 2010 operations 85–87 safety and security 81 Security Council Working Group on Peacekeeping Operations 83 sexual exploitation and abuse 82 Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations *84 strategies for complex peacekeeping operations 81 strengthening operational capacity 81 training 105 United Nations Logistics Base *96–97 UN police capacities 102 welfare and recreational needs 104 women in peacekeeping 83 peacemaking *51–58 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 1017–1018, 1039–1040 persons with disabilities convention on rights of 653–655 International Year of the Family 1081–1082 mainstreaming disability in the development agenda *1079–1081 MDGs *1078–1079 peacekeeping operations 104–105 social policy and cultural issues *1077–1082 World Programme of Action *1077–1079 THE PHILIPPINES children and armed conflict 407 piracy Somalia *286–294

1569 PITCAIRN, decolonization *603 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS *39–630 see also Africa; Americas; Asia and the Pacific; Information; International peace and security; outer space Africa *106–316 Central Africa and Great Lakes region *116–174 Horn of Africa *237–308 North Africa *308–315 peacekeeping capacities *114–116 promotion of peace in *109–116 relationship between United Nations and regional organizations *110–114 technical assessment mission *121–135 African Union Peacekeeping Support Team 111 Americas *317–337 Central America *317–319 cooperation between United Nations and regional organizations *335–337 arms see also disarmament embargo, Democratic Republic of the Congo *132– 135 trafficking *117–118 Asia and the Pacific *338–408 elections 348, 363–364, 406 non-proliferation *386–387 oil-for-food programme, Iraq *375–377 POWs, Kuwaiti property and missing persons 377– 378 Republic of Korea naval ship incident and aftermath *387–388 sanctions 361–363, 405–406 United Arab Emirates–Iran 408 United Nations Commission of Inquiry into Benazir Bhutto assassination 406–407 atomic radiation, effects of *617–619 Central Africa and Great Lakes region *116–174 Central America *317–319 children and armed conflict Afghanistan 361 Burundi 146–147 Central African Republic 155–156 Colombia 333–334 Democratic Republic of the Congo 136–137 Nepal 394–396 The Philippines 407 Sri Lanka 407–408 Sudan 253–254 Uganda 173 cholera outbreak, Haiti 327–328 cooperation between the AU and UN system 110–111 decolonization *583–609 disarmament *504–580 displaced persons, Palestine *480–481 earthquake, Haiti *320–321 elections Afghanistan 348 Côte d’Ivoire 188–189 Guinea 235–237 Iraq 363–364 Kyrgyzstan 406 Sudan *240–244

1570 Europe and the Mediterranean *409–436 cooperation with Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) *432–433 Council of Europe *433–436 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 436 Organization for Democracy and Economic Development-GUAM 423 stability and development in South-Eastern Europe 436 strengthening of security and cooperation in the Mediterranean *431–432 flotilla incident, Occupied Palestinian Territory, peace process *439–441 general aspects of international peace and security *582 Horn of Africa *237–308 International Conference on Great Lakes Region 116 international peace and security *41–105 Joint Support and Coordination Mechanism of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur 111 Mediterranean countries, Europe and *409–436 Middle East *437–503 non-proliferation, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea *386–387 North Africa *308–315 Occupied Palestinian Territory, peace process *438–464 oil-for-food programme, Iraq *375–377 outer space, peaceful uses of *609–617 Peacebuilding Commission Burundi 146 Central African Republic (CAR) 154–155 Liberia 209–210 Sierra Leone 217–218 peacekeeping capacities, African *114–116 piracy *286–294 promotion of peace in Africa *109–116 regional aspects of international peace and security *582–583 South Atlantic *582–583 relationship between United Nations and regional organizations *110–114 sanctions Afghanistan 361–363 Côte d’Ivoire 195–196, *196–198 Darfur *269–272 Iran 405–406 Liberia 205–209 Sierra Leone *218–219 Security Council mission, Africa *123–127 sexual violence, Democratic Republic of the Congo *127–128 Special Court for Sierra Leone 220–221 Strategic Framework for Peacebuilding in Burundi 146 support for AU peacekeeping operations *112–114 support for democracies *582 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation *618–619 United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa *118–120 United Nations Office for Central Africa 118

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 West Africa *174–237 Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict Africa 296 Americas 333–334 political missions, special see also specific mission names political relations, legal aspects of international *1321– 1339 pollution see environment POPs see persistent organic pollutants (POPs) POPULATION *1052–1064 see also United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Commission on Population and Development *1052– 1054 international migration and development *1054–1057 United Nations Population Fund 1057–1062 United Nations Population Division 1063–1064 post-conflict peacebuilding *51–55 POVERTY eradication of *809–829 women *1139–1140 prisoners of war, Kuwaiti property and missing persons 377–378 procurement economic and social questions, UNOPS 890 legal questions 1342 protection issues, international peace and security *58–67 public information see information PUERTO RICO, decolonization 593

racism and racial discrimination *664–673 see also human rights Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup 664 human rights *640–643 Intergovernmental Working Group 664 sports, combating racism in 664–665 Working Group on people of African descent 664 radiation terrorism, radiological 76 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation *618–619 waste, disarmament 542–543 REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PERSONS *1198–1217 see also internally displaced persons (IDPs); Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Africa *1206–1209 Americas 1210 Asia and the Pacific 1210–1211 children, protection and assistance 1205 Europe 1212–1213 Georgia *420–421 Middle East and North Africa 1211–1212 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) *1198–1217 evaluation activities 1214 Executive Committee *1198–1203 financial and administrative questions 1215–1217 global needs assessment 1216–1217 inspections 1214–1215 management and administrative change 1216

Subject index partnerships and coordination 1213–1214 policy development and cooperation 1213–1215 programme policy *1198–1203 Palestine *480–481 protection and assistance *1203–1213 Africa *1206–1209 age 1204–1205 Americas 1210 Asia and the Pacific 1210–1211 children 1205 diversity 1204–1205 Europe 1212–1213 gender 1204–1205 international instruments 1206 Middle East and North Africa 1211–1212 populations of concern 1204 protracted situations and durable solutions 1205– 1206 regional activities *1206–1213 resettlement 1205 women 1204–1205 resettlement 1205 staff security 1217 Standing Committee 1203 women 1204–1205 regional aspects of international peace and security, South Atlantic *582–583 regional disarmament *575–580 Africa 578 Asia and the Pacific *578–579 confidence-building measures *576–578 conventional arms control at regional and subregional levels *575–576 Latin America and the Caribbean *579–580 REGIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES *967–998 see also specific regions and regional commissions Africa 968–974 cooperation with regional organizations 974 development, planning and administration 972 Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) 968 economic trends 968–969 food security and sustainable development 969– 970 gender and women in development 972 governance and public administration 970–971 information, science and technology for development 971 macroeconomic analysis, finance and economic development 971–972 New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) 969 programme and organizational questions 973–974 social development 973 statistics 972–973 subregional development activities 972 transport and communications 971–972 Asia and the Pacific *974–983 cooperation with regional bodies *979–983 disaster risk reduction 977 economic and technical cooperation 978 economic trends 974

1571 environment and development 976 information and communication technology 976– 977 least developed, landlocked and small island developing countries 978 macroeconomic policy, poverty reduction and development 975 policy issues 975 programme and organizational questions 978–979 performance, monitoring and evaluation 978– 979 proposed programme of work, 2010–2011 979 social development 977 statistics 977–978 trade and investment 975 transport 975–976 Europe *983–988 activities 983–984 economic trends 983 energy 984 environment 984 housing and land management 984–988 statistics, housing and land management 983 timber 983 trade 983 transport 983–984 Latin America and the Caribbean *988–993 activities *989–993 economic trends 988 equity and social cohesion 989–990 macroeconomic policies and growth 989 mainstreaming gender in regional development 990 Mexico and Central America 992 natural resources and infrastructure 991 population and development 990 production and innovation 989 programme and organizational questions 992, *993 public administration 990–991 regional integration and cooperation 989 statistics and economic projections 991–992 subregional activities 992 sustainable development and human settlements 991 regional cooperation 967–968 review and reform of the regional commissions 968 Western Asia *993–998 activities *994–998 advancement of women 997–998 conflict mitigation and development 998 economic development and integration 994–995 economic trends 994 ICT and related development issues *995–997 natural resources management for sustainable development 994 programme and organizational questions 998 social development 994 statistics 997 reintegration, post-conflict peacebuilding 54 restructuring issues, peacekeeping operations *97–102

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

1572 rights see human rights road safety *1233–1235 rule of law post-conflict peacebuilding 54 preventive diplomacy and role of Security Council *42–46 RUSSIAN FEDERATION, terrorist attacks 79 RWANDA see also International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) political and security questions 173–174

S safety and security, peacekeeping operations 81 SAINT HELENA, decolonization *603 SAINT LUCIA, Hurricane Tomas *932–933 SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES, Hurricane Tomas *932–933 sanctions Afghanistan 361–363 Charter provisions relating to *1350–1352 Côte d’Ivoire 195–196, *196–198 Darfur *269–272 Iran 405–406 Liberia 205–209 Sierra Leone *218–219 Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the Committee on Outer Space 610–613 scientific concerns, human rights 747–748 SECRETARIAT, UN see United Nations SECURITY COUNCIL 1411 Working Group on Peacekeeping Operations 83 security sector reform 41–42 self-determination, human rights *688–692 sexual exploitation and abuse armed conflict and women *1163–1166 drug-facilitated sexual assault 1247 peacekeeping operations 82 SIERRA LEONE see also United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone (UNIPSIL) human rights 768 Peacebuilding Commission 217–218 political and security questions *213–221 sanctions *218–219 Special Court for Sierra Leone 220–221 slavery and related issues *748–751 fund on slavery 749 permanent memorial *749–751 transatlantic slave trade *749–751 small arms, disarmament *554–559 small island developing states, economic and social questions *848–855 SOCIAL POLICY AND CULTURAL ISSUES *1065–1094 see also crime prevention and criminal justice; human resources; persons with disabilities cultural development *1082–1094 cultural property *1091–1094 culture and development 1090–1091 culture of peace *1082–1088 International Day of Nowruz *1087 interreligious and intercultural understanding *1084– 1086

persons with disabilities *1077–1082 social development *1065–1077 sport for development and peace *1089–1090 trafficking in cultural property *1091–1094 World Interfaith Harmony Week *1087–1088 SOMALIA; see also African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM); United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS) children and armed conflict 294–296 humanitarian assistance 903–904 human rights 768–769 piracy *286–294 political and security questions *276–303 sanctions *296–301 Working Group on Children and Armed conflict 296 SOUTH ATLANTIC, regional aspects of international peace and security *582–583 SOUTHERN AFRICA see specific country names space see outer space Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations 41–42, 54–55, *84 special economic assistance *908–920 African economic recovery and development *908–916 African countries emerging from conflict 916 Liberia 916 Haiti *916–920 recovery and reconstruction *918–920 New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) *908–916, 969 Economic Commission for Africa 913 progress in implementation and international support *908–911 social dimensions of *913–915 third States affected by sanctions 920 special political missions 68–69 SRI LANKA children and armed conflict 407–408 humanitarian assistance 906–907 political and security questions 407–408 staff of United Nations see institutional, administrative and budgetary questions STATISTICS *1262–1270 agricultural statistics 1265–1266 capacity-building, statistics 1268–1269 coordination and integration of statistical programmes 1270 crime and drugs, statistics on 1267 cultural statistics 1267–1268 demographic and social statistics 1266–1268 development indicators 1266–1267 disability statistics 1267 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) 1269 economic statistics 1262–1266 environmental-economic accounting 1264 environment statistics 1264 finance statistics 1264 follow-up to UN conferences and summits 1269 global geospatial information management 1268 industrial statistics 1264–1265 informal sector statistics 1267

Subject index

1573

information and communications technology statistics 1268 integrated economic statistics 1265 International Comparison Programme (ICP) 1263 international trade in services, statistics of 1263 international trade statistics 1265 inventory of global statistical standards 1270 labour statistics 1267 Latin America and the Caribbean 1269 national accounts 1262–1263 population and housing censuses 1266–1268 price indexes and statistics 1264 programme and institutional questions 1270 quality assurance frameworks 1269 regional statistical development 1269 Statistical Commission *1262–1270 World Statistics Day *1269–1270 Strategic Framework for Peacebuilding in Burundi 146 SUDAN see also Darfur; African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID); United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 238 appointments, political and security questions 246, 255 children and armed conflict 253–254 elections, political and security questions *240–244 humanitarian assistance 904 human rights 769–770 political and security questions *237–275 Security Council mission *246–253 sugar, international trade 944 sustainable development *800–809 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC see also United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) disarmament 540 humanitarian assistance 907 political and security questions *497–503 Special Committee on Israeli Practices 497–498 United Nations Disengagement Observer Force *500– 503

taxation, international finance *962–963 technical cooperation see development technology see scientific concerns terrorism *70–79 Afghanistan 78 attacks 78–79 Counter-Terrorism Committee 72–73 disarmament *535–537 extension of CTED mandate 73–76 Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy *76–78 international *70–79 Iran 78 Iraq 78 legal questions, international terrorism *1330–1334 measures to eliminate 72–76 Nigeria 78 nuclear and radiological terrorism 76 Pakistan 78–79 Russian Federation 79 terrorist attacks 78–79 Uganda 79

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA, political and security questions 420 threats to international peace and security *70–79 timber, international trade 944–945 TIMOR-LESTE see also United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste political and security questions *379–385 United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste *379–385 United Nations Mission in East Timor 384 tobacco health *1226–1227 women, maternal and child health *1127, 1143 TOKELAU, decolonization *595–597 torture and cruel treatment, human rights, convention against *645–646 tourism, economic and social questions *807–809 trade see international trade trafficking in women and girls *1171–1175 training see research and training transportation, road safety *1233–1235 TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS 1338–1339 see also specific name of treaty or agreement advice and capacity-building in treaty law and practice 1339 multilateral treaties 1338–1339 UN registration and publication of treaties 1338 tuberculosis, economic and social questions, development 873 TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS, decolonization *604–605

UGANDA children and armed conflict 173 humanitarian assistance 904 political and security questions 173 terrorist attacks 79 UNAIDS see Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNAMA see United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) UNAMI see United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) UNAMID see African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) UNCDF see United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) UNCTAD see United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Democracy Fund (UNDEF) 886–887 UNDOF see United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) UNDP see United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) UNEP see United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) UNESCO see United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) UNFICYP see United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) UNFPA see United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) United Nations Fund for International Partnerships (UNFIP) 886

1574 UN-Habitat see United Nations Human Settlements Programme UNHCR see Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) UNICEF see United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) UNIDO see United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) UNIFEM see United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) UNIFIL see United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) UNIOGBIS see United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) UNIPSIL see United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone (UNIPSIL) UNISPACE III recommendations 609–610 UNITAR see United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) UNITED KINGDOM, political and security questions, with Mauritius 315–316 UNITED NATIONS see also Economic and Social Council; General Assembly; institutional, administrative and budgetary questions; Office of Internal Oversight Services; Security Council; United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination budget see institutional, administrative and budgetary questions public information, political and security questions 621 regional centres for peace and disarmament *577–578 regional organizations 46–48 United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) 68, 363–378 United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) 68, 339–340, 346–348, 356–358 United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) 867, 875–876, 891–892 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) audits 1191–1192 basic education and gender equality 1188 budget appropriations 1190–1191 child protection from violence, exploitation and abuse 1188 children, youth and ageing persons 1183–1192 Ethics Office 1190 evaluation system 1189 field visits 1186–1187 gender policy 1189 health, food and nutrition 1220 HIV/AIDS 1188 humanitarian action 1189 human resources 1190 human rights 755, 771, 773 International Public Sector Accounting Standards 1192 joint programming 1186 legal questions 1290 operational activities for development 859–860, 866, 868, 871, 876–877, 881–883, 888 organizational matters 1189–1190 policy advocacy and partnerships for children’s rights 1189 political and security questions 254, 286, 295, 471 population 1057, 1060, 1061, 1063

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010 private fundraising and partnerships 1191 programmes matters 1186 policies 1185–1186 by region 1186–1187 by sector 1186–1189 recovery policy 1192 resource mobilization 1191 social policy, crime prevention and human resources development 1082 UNAIDS programme coordination 1188 women 1169 young child survival and development 1186–1188 United Nations Communications Group 630 United Nations Compensation Commission and Fund 378 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) assistance to Palestinians *471–474 development policy and international economic cooperation 830, 840, 842, 846, 855 institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1411–1412, 1442 international trade, finance and transport 937–938, 941–946, 953, 961–966 legal questions 1326 political and security questions 471, 472 United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1396 operational activities for development 877 women 1145, 1160–1161, 1168–1169, 1177–1179, 1182 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Africa 130, 132, 143, 166, 202, 213–214, 217, 224, 226, 229, 235, 239, 245, 248–249, 253, 286 children, youth and ageing persons 1185–1186, 1190, 1192 environment and human settlements 1012–1013, 1017, 1025 Europe and the Mediterranean 426 humanitarian and special economic assistance 912, 916, 918, 934 institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1416–1417, 1484, 1486 Middle East 471 operational activities for development 859, 860, 866– 885, 887–888, 890–892 population 1058, 1060–1061, 1063 regional economic and social activities 970–971, 993 women 1161, 1179, 1182 United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) 85–86, 437, 500, *500–503 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) children, youth and ageing persons 1188, 1192 human rights 661, 747–748 legal questions 1371, 1391 social policy, crime prevention and human resources development 1082, 1084–1085, 1130 statistics 1267–1268 United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) *1178–1182 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), *1005– 1014, 1016–1019, 1022–1023, 1029–1032, 1034–1035, 1038–1045, 1050

Subject index United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) 1031 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees see Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) 471, *1044–1051 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) 798, 876, 1017, 1265 United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) *571–572 United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) 1129–1130, 1352, 1463 United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) 85, 87, 338, 379, *379–385 United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (BINUB) 41, 68–69, 82, 106, 141, 143–144, 146–148 United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) 69, 221–222, 231 United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone (UNIPSIL) 68–69, 213–215, 217–220, 768 United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in the Central African Republic (BINUCA) 68–69, 149, 151–152, 156 United Nations Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality (IANWGE) 1168, 1169 United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) 85–87, 416–418 United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) 82, 85– 87, 437, 485, 487–494, *487–496 United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) 85 United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) 109, 308–313, *313–315, 341 international peace and security 85–87, 94 United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) 384 United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) *306–308 United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) 85–87, 108, 178, 191, 193, *200–211 United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) 68–69, 82, 338, *388–396 United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT) 41, 68, 82, 85, 87–88, 107, 154, 156–157, 159, 163–173 United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) 82, 85–86, 109, 237–241, 244, 245–249, 252–259 United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) 87–88, 94, 422 United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) 505, 550, 554, 563, 572, 574 United Nations Office for Partnerships 886–887 United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) 232, 859, 867–868, 885, 887–890 United Nations Office for West Africa (UNOWA) 107, 174177, 233, 235 United Nations Office in Burundi (BNUB) 141, 143–144, 147–148 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) international drug control 1241–1243, 1246–1252, 1256– 1260 legal questions 1331 political and security questions 72, 222, 224, 226, 229, 287, 291

1575 social policy, crime prevention and human resources development 1092, 1101–1103, 1109, 1110, 1117–1120, 1129 statistics 1267 United Nations Office to the African Union (UNOAU) *111–112 United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) 144, *148 United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) 82, 85–86, 107, 177–178, 180, 182–183, 188–193, 195–198, *198–201, 211 United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) 41, 82, 85, 87, 120–123, 127, 136, *137–141 United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) 85, 87, 120, 123, *139–141 United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in GuineaBissau (UNOGBIS) 221, 231 United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) 85, *423–431 United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) 581, 611–613, *924–925 United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS) 68, 301 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) activities 1057–1062 Arab States 1060 Asia and the Pacific 1060–1061 children, youth and ageing persons 1185–1187, 1190, 1192 country and intercountry programmes 1060–1061 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 1060 financial and management questions 1061–1062 gender equality 1059–1060 global programme 1060–1061 health, food and nutrition 1220, 1232 indirect cost recovery 1062 institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1442 internal audit and oversight 1061–1062 Latin America and the Caribbean 1060–1061 operational activities for development 859–860, 866–872, 876, 881–883, 885, 888 political and security questions 136, 471, 622 population 1052, 1057–1063 reproductive health and rights 1059 Sub-Saharan Africa 1060 United Nations Population Award 1062 women 1140, 1169, 1179, 1182 United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean *579–580 United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific *578–579 United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia 69 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) economic and social questions 1082 institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1454, 1486 political and security questions 471, *474–480, 482– 483, 493

1576 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) 1076 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation *618–619 United Nations Security Council see Security Council United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) Americas 317, 320–324, 327–328, 330–331 economic and social questions 930 human rights 638 international peace and security 82, 85–88 political and security questions *328–333 United Nations Statistical Commission see statistics United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) administrative and staff matters 1449, 1452, 1454, 1480, 1488 environment and human settlements 1012–1013, 1042– 1043 humanitarian and special economic assistance 912–913 international trade, finance and transport 960 operational activities for development 861, 864, 866 United Nations financing and programming 1444–1445 United Nations restructuring and institutional matters 1412–1413 United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN) 1218, 1240 United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) 85, 503 United Nations University (UNU) 1218, 1240, 1442 United Nations Volunteers (UNV) programme 890–891 UN Logistics Base, peacekeeping operations *96–97 UNMIK see United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) UNMIL see United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) UNMIN see United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) UNMIS see United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) UNMIT see United Nations Integrated Mission in TimorLeste (UNMIT) UNOCI see United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) UNODA see United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) UNODC see United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) 887–890 UNOGBIS see United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS) UNOMIG see United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) UNOPS see United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) UNOWA see United Nations Office for West Africa (UNOWA) UNRWA see United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) UN-SPIDER see United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) UNTSO see United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS, decolonization 605

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

V Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol 1022 violence, against women *1144–1159, *1163–1166

W waste management 1040 water resources *1002–1004 International Decade for Action, “Water for Life” 2005– 2015 1002–1003 International Year of Water Cooperation, 2013 *1003– 1004 UN-Water 1002 weapons see disarmament; weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) see also disarmament; terrorism disarmament *535–537 weather, International Space Weather Initiative 613 WEST AFRICA see also Cameroon; Côte d’Ivoire; Guinea-Bissau; Mauritania; Sierra Leone; United Nations Office in West Africa (UNOWA) Cameroon–Nigeria, political and security questions 231–233 Côte d’Ivoire, political and security questions *177–199 drug control 1258 Guinea, political and security questions 233–237 Guinea-Bissau, political and security questions *221– 231 humanitarian assistance 904 international drug control 1258 Liberia, political and security questions *200–213 Mauritania, political and security questions 237 political and security questions *174–237 regional issues, political and security questions 174–177 Sierra Leone, political and security questions *213–221 West African Economic and Monetary Union see Economic Community of West African States; specific country names WESTERN ASIA regional economic and social activities *993–998 advancement of women 997–998 conflict mitigation and development 998 economic development and integration 994–995 economic trends 994 ICT and related development issues *995–997 natural resources management for sustainable development 994 programme and organizational questions 998 social development 994 statistics 997 WESTERN SAHARA see also United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) decolonization 597 political and security questions *308–315 further developments *311–313 WFP see World Food Programme (WFP) WHO see World Health Organization (WHO) WIPO see World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) WMDs see weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) WMO see World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

Subject index WOMEN and armed conflict *1159–1167 Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) 1177 convention on the elimination of discrimination against women 1176–1177 crime prevention *1149–1159 critical areas of concern *1139–1175 in development 1139 disarmament 1168 economic and social questions *1133–1182 and the economy 1167 female genital mutilation 1143–1144 Fourth World Conference on Women and Beijing+5 *1133–1175 gender architecture reform 1179 health *1140–1144, 1232–1233 Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health 1140 traditional practices affecting the health of women and girls 1143–1144 human rights 751–754 convention on elimination of discrimination against 645 trafficking in women and girls 752–754 violence against women 751–752 working group on discrimination against women 751 and human rights *1171–1175 Palestinian women 1171 trafficking in women and girls *1171–1175 institutional mechanisms for the advancement of women *1168–1170 International Widows' Day *1139–1140 mainstreaming gender perspectives *1169–1170 maternal mortality 1143 obstetric fistula *1140–1143 Palestine, political and security questions *481–483 peacebuilding, participation in 1166–1167 peacekeeping operations 83 poverty *1139–1140 in power and decision-making 1167–1168 refugees and displaced persons 1204–1205 situation in Democratic Republic of the Congo 1163 status of women in the United Nations 1170 strengthening institutional arrangements for support of gender equality and empowerment of women *1179–1180 taken hostage 1159 tobacco use and maternal and child health 1143 trafficking in women and girls 752–754, *1171–1175

1577 UNICEF gender policy 1189 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), gender equality 1059–1060 United Nations machinery *1176–1182 UN-Women *1178–1182 violence against women 751–752 women, the girl child and HIV/AIDS 1140 Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict see Children World Food Programme (WFP) see also food children, youth and ageing persons 1185–1186 health, food and nutrition 1220, 1235–1236 humanitarian and special economic assistance 903, 906–907 operational activities for development 859–860, 866, 871 political and security questions 240, 279, 286, 297, 300, 312 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) see also health; HIV/AIDS children, youth and ageing persons 1187 energy, natural resources and cartography 1000, 1002 health, food and nutrition 1218, 1220, 1223, 1226–1227, 1230, 1233 international drug control 1247 operational activities for development 866 political and security questions 471, 550, 570, 618 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 1454 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 928 World Trade Organization (WTO) economic and social questions 797, 855–856, 937–939, 942–943, 953 institutional, administrative and budgetary questions 1411–1412, 1442 legal questions 1326 WTO see World Trade Organization (WTO)

YEMEN, humanitarian assistance 907 YOUTH see also children; United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) drug control, protection 1247 economic and social questions 1192–1193 International Year of Youth 1192–1193 World Programme of Action for Youth 1193 World Youth Conference 1192–1193 international drug control, protection 1247

ZIMBABWE, humanitarian assistance 904–905

Index of resolutions and decisions (For dates of sessions please refer to Appendix III.)

General Assembly Sixty-fourth session Resolution No. 64/250 64/251 64/252 64/253 64/254 64/255 64/256 64/257 64/258 64/259 64/260 64/261 64/262 64/263 64/264 64/265 64/266 64/267 64/268 64/269 64/270 64/271 64/272 64/273 64/274 64/275 64/276 64/277 64/278 64/279 64/280 64/281 64/282 64/283 64/284 64/285 64/286 64/287 64/288 64/289 64/290 64/291 64/292 64/293 64/294 64/295 64/296 64/297 64/298 64/299 64/300 64/301

Decision No. Page 931 921 115 1087 786 1233 432 582 908 1404 1437 1470 1452 1449 328 1222 84 1269 95 97 96 89 148 198 429 137 384 307 330 418 211 501 494 255 314 273 169 302 111 1396 745 806 743 1111 933 843 421 77 1287 814 850 1407

64/405 B 64/405 C 64/406 B 64/407 B 64/408 B 64/408 C 64/409 B 64/412 B 64/415 B 64/416 B 64/416 C 64/417 A 64/417 B 64/418 64/419 64/420 64/421 64/422 64/423 A 64/423 B 64/424 64/425 64/426 A 64/426 B 64/427 64/428 64/429 64/502 B 64/503 B 64/548 B 64/550 64/551 64/552 64/553 64/554 64/555 64/556 64/557 64/558 64/559 64/560 64/561 64/562 64/563 64/564 64/565 64/566 64/567 64/568 64/569 64/570

Sixty-fifth session

Page 1520 1520 1521 1519 1530 1530 1530 1520 1301 1293 1294 1490 1491 583 1200 1017 634, 1520 1530 1530 1530 1530 1520 1530 1530 1451 1049 1519 1410 1410 94, 1410 1089 954, 1409 749, 1410 1490 583 848, 1030, 1410 1043, 1410 1219 94 617, 1410 583 849 1410 48, 1410 801 960 850 1030 1409 375, 1410, 1454 384, 1410

Resolution No. 65/1 65/2 65/3 65/4 65/5 65/6 65/7 65/8 65/9 65/10 65/11 65/12 65/13 65/14 65/15 65/16 65/17 65/18 65/19 65/20 65/21 65/22 65/23 65/24 65/25 65/26 65/27 65/28 65/29 65/30 65/31 65/32 65/33 65/34 65/35 65/36 65/37 A 65/38 65/39 65/40 65/41 65/42 65/43 65/44 65/45 65/46 65/47 65/48 65/49 65/50 65/51 65/52

1578

Page 815 850 1441 1089 1088 334 56 348 1001 829 1083 1315 466 468 469 446 452 498 1329 102 1344 1340 1340 1341 1352 1327 1338 1329 1334 1336 1350 1347 1330 1331 1355 661 1373 1357 543 546 620 547 524 567 575 575 576 562 544 556 553 512

Resolution No.

Page

65/53 65/54 65/55 65/56 65/57 65/58 65/59 65/60 65/61 65/62 65/63 65/64 65/65 65/66 65/67 65/68 65/69 65/70 65/71 65/72 65/73 65/74 65/75 65/76 65/77 65/78 65/79 65/80 65/81 65/82 65/83 65/84 65/85 65/86 65/87 65/88 65/89 65/90 65/91 65/92 65/93 65/94 65/95 65/96 65/97 65/98 65/99 65/100 65/101 65/102 65/103 65/104 65/105

569 538 570 520 551 548 527 514 515 535 566 554 523 506 564 568 513 545 517 518 533 536 558 529 573 577 579 530 574 572 578 119 509 507 571 541 560 431 525 550 510 1407 1231 618 614 476 480 477 484 458 464 451 455

Index of resolutions and decisions

1579

Resolution No.

Page

Resolution No.

Page

Resolution No.

Page

Decision No.

65/106 65/107 A 65/107 B 65/108 65/109 65/110 65/111 65/112 65/113 65/114 65/115 A 65/115 B 65/116 65/117 65/118 65/119 65/120 65/121 65/122 65/123 65/124 65/125 65/126 65/127 65/128 65/129 65/130 65/131 65/132 65/133 65/134 65/135 65/136 65/137 65/138 65/139 65/140 65/141 65/142 65/143 65/144 65/145 65/146 65/147 65/148 65/149 65/150 65/151 65/152 65/153 65/154 65/155 65/156 65/157 65/158 65/159 65/160 65/161 65/162 65/163

499 623 623 607 604 590 608 312 594 596 597 597 606 585 583 587 797 582 433 1417 1422 985 1416 529 986 979 433 934 1474 897 472 918 932 49 1085 1414 1419 833 939 947 950 956 959 1015 807 1037 1032 1001 803 1225 1003 1035 853 925 928 1020 1026 1023 1006 806

65/164 65/165 65/166 65/167 65/168 65/169 65/170 65/171 65/172 65/173 65/174 65/175 65/176 65/177 65/178 65/179 65/180 65/181 65/182 65/183 65/184 65/185 65/186 65/187 65/188 65/189 65/190 65/191 65/192 65/193 65/194 65/195 65/196 65/197 65/198 65/199 65/200 65/201 65/202 65/203 65/204 65/205 65/206 65/207 65/208 65/209 65/210 65/211 65/212 65/213 65/214 65/215 65/216 65/217 65/218 65/219 65/220 65/221 65/222 65/223

1043 1047 1090 795 793 1118 1055 846 856 808 809 798 868 865 1237 463 1219 318 1194 1130 1076 1066 1078 1145 1141 1139 1172 1136 1202 1207 1200 633 695 647 763 671 641 688 689 690 645 708 699 659 704 654 701 681 676 693 734 680 727 730 656 720 737 714 717 724

65/224 65/225 65/226 65/227 65/228 65/229 65/230 65/231 65/232 65/233 65/234 65/235 65/236 65/237 65/238 65/239 65/240 65/241 65/242 65/243 A 65/244 65/245 65/246 65/247 65/248 65/249 65/250 65/251 65/252 65/253 65/254 A 65/255 65/256 A 65/257 A 65/258 65/259 65/260 A 65/260 B 65/260 C 65/261 65/262

684 774 777 1244 1150 1120 1095 1108 1104 1252 1053 982 553 1411 1223 750 665 780 335 1443 1446 1457 1441 1480 1468 1487 1451 1491 1303 1297 171 139 332 257 1472 1429 1425 1425 1425 1449 1439

65/506 65/507 65/508 65/509 65/510 65/511 65/512 65/513 65/514 65/515 65/516 65/517 65/518 65/519 65/520 65/521 65/522 65/523 65/524 65/525 65/526 65/527 65/528 65/529 65/530 65/531 65/532 65/533 65/534 65/535 65/536

Decision No.

Page

65/401 65/402 65/403 65/404 A 65/405 A 65/406 A 65/407 A 65/408 65/409 65/410 65/411 65/501 65/502 65/503 A 65/504 65/505

1530 1522 1524 1519, 1525 1519 1519 1519 1520 1520 1520 57, 1522 1410, 1455 1410 1410 1410 3

65/537 65/538 65/539 65/540 65/541 65/542 65/543 65/544

Page 1298 1290 1273 1411 1411 1411 1446 1490 566 436, 1410 571, 1410 534, 1410 1411 1446 84 594 1411 1446 583 791, 941, 949 795 842 813 1411 1411 1446 1071 1177, 1182 647, 755 664, 671 638, 640, 644, 645, 646, 656, 661, 674, 675, 679, 696, 698, 708, 720, 730, 740, 741, 742, 745, 753, 758, 785 662 1095 1411 1446 1445 886 1465 48, 84, 132, 139, 141, 173, 317, 328, 333, 358, 375, 378, 384, 385, 419, 422, 423, 425, 431, 436, 449, 510, 594, 634, 670, 751, 913, 925, 974, 983, 993, 1044, 1084, 1220, 1228, 1295, 1298, 1302, 1304, 1334, 1406, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1414, 1425, 1427, 1441, 1444, 1445, 1447, 1452, 1454, 1461, 1470, 1484, 1488, 1494

Yearbook of the United Nations, 2010

1580 Economic and Social Council

Security Council Resolution No. 1908(2010) 1909(2010) 1910(2010) 1911(2010) 1912(2010) 1913(2010) 1914(2010) 1915(2010) 1916(2010) 1917(2010) 1918(2010) 1919(2010) 1920(2010) 1921(2010) 1922(2010) 1923(2010) 1924(2010) 1925(2010) 1926(2010) 1927(2010) 1928(2010) 1929(2010) 1930(2010) 1931(2010) 1932(2010) 1933(2010) 1934(2010) 1935(2010) 1936(2010) 1937(2010) 1938(2010) 1939(2010) 1940(2010) 1941(2010) 1942(2010) 1943(2010) 1944(2010) 1945(2010) 1946(2010) 1947(2010) 1948(2010) 1949(2010) 1950(2010) 1951(2010) 1952(2010) 1953(2010) 1954(2010) 1955(2010) 1956(2010) 1957(2010) 1958(2010) 1959(2010) 1960(2010) 1961(2010) 1962(2010) 1963(2010) 1964(2010) 1965(2010) 1966(2010)

Page 321 388 276 178 379 157 1289 1293 298 340 287 242 310 390 159 159 183 123 1289 322 386 396 426 1293 1300 183 501 262 366 491 202 393 219 219 189 358 324 270 196 56 413 227 291 192 133 428 1295 1302 371 374 376 144 1164 208 193 73 282 501 1306

Organizational session, 2010 Decision No. Page 2010/201 A 1519 2010/202 953, 1412 2010/203 1411 2010/204 1412 2010/205 1411 2010/206 859, 1412 Resumed organizational session, 2010 Decision No. Page 2010/201 B 963, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1524, 1525, 1526 2010/207 967, 1139, 1412 2010/208 893, 1412 2010/209 893, 1412 Substantive session, 2010 Resolution No. Page 2010/1 894 2010/2 837 2010/3 831 2010/4 993 2010/5 995 2010/6 482 2010/7 1179 2010/8 1227 2010/9 841 2010/10 1076 2010/11 913 2010/12 1073 2010/13 1080 2010/14 1196 2010/15 1150 2010/16 1120 2010/17 1102 2010/18 1095 2010/19 1092 2010/20 1242 2010/21 1243 2010/22 862 2010/23 868 2010/24 1228 2010/25 1071 2010/26 954 2010/27 844 2010/28 917 2010/29 1169 2010/30 589 2010/31 460 2010/32 1039 2010/33 962 2010/34 849 Decision No. 2010/201 C 2010/201 D 2010/210 2010/211

Page 841, 1521, 1524, 1525 1527 1411 1413

Resolution No. 2010/212 2010/213 2010/214 2010/215 2010/216 2010/217 2010/218 2010/219 2010/220 2010/221 2010/222 2010/223 2010/224 2010/225 2010/226 2010/227 2010/228 2010/229 2010/230 2010/231 2010/232 2010/233 2010/234 2010/235 2010/236 2010/237 2010/238 2010/239 2010/240 2010/241 2010/242 2010/243 2010/244 2010/245 2010/246 2010/247 2010/248 2010/249 2010/250 2010/251 2010/252 2010/253 2010/254 2010/255 2010/256 2010/257 2010/258 2010/259 2010/260

Page 1463 1423 1423 1423 1423 1423 1423 1423 1423 1423 1423 1423 1423 1423 833 833 833 833 836 916 1136 1177 802 1262 1047 1006 1053 842 1004, 1268 1004 1073 1101 1245 1258 1202 644 763 763 763 860, 867, 869, 891, 1058, 1184, 1235 1414 998 998 1236 842 962 647, 675, 699, 763, 1101, 1245 747 961

Resumed substantive session, 2010 Resolution No.

Page

2010/35 2010/36 2010/37 2010/38

1180 57 644 1463

Decision No. 2010/201 E 2010/201 F 2010/201 G 2010/261 2010/262 2010/263 2010/264 2010/265

Page 963, 1525 1521 1522, 1524, 1525 1180, 1403 1132, 1412 1202 961 998

Index of Security Council presidential statements Number

Subject

Date

Page

S/PRST/2010/1

Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations in maintaining international peace and security

13 January 2010

S/PRST/2010/2

United Nations peacekeeping operations: transition and exit strategies

12 February 2010

S/PRST/2010/3

Peace consolidation in West Africa

16 February 2010

234

S/PRST/2010/4

Threats to international peace and security

24 February 2010

1251

S/PRST/2010/5

The situation concerning Iraq

26 February 2010

373

S/PRST/2010/6

Central African region

19 March 2010

117

S/PRST/2010/7

Post-conflict peacebuilding

16 April 2010

S/PRST/2010/8

Women and peace and security

27 April 2010

1160

S/PRST/2010/9

The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question

1 June 2010

440

S/PRST/2010/10

Children and armed conflict

16 June 2010

756

S/PRST/2010/11

The promotion and strengthening of the rule of law in the maintenance of international peace and security

29 June 2010

S/PRST/2010/12

The situation in the Middle East

30 June 2010

501

S/PRST/2010/13

Letter dated 4 June 2010 from the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Korea to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council and other relevant letters

9 July 2010

387

S/PRST/2010/14

Maintenance of international peace and security: optimizing the use of preventive diplomacy tools—prospects and challenges in Africa

16 July 2010

S/PRST/2010/15

The situation in Guinea-Bissau

22 July 2010

224

S/PRST/2010/16

The situation in Somalia

25 August 2010

289

S/PRST/2010/17

The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo

17 September 2010

128

S/PRST/2010/18

Maintenance of international peace and security: ensuring the Security Council’s effective role in maintaining international peace and security

23 September 2010

S/PRST/2010/19

Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts

27 September 2010

S/PRST/2010/20

Post-conflict peacebuilding

13 October 2010

S/PRST/2010/21

Peace and security in Africa

22 October 2010

113

S/PRST/2010/22

Women and peace and security

26 October 2010

1161

S/PRST/2010/23

The situation concerning Iraq

12 November 2010

367

S/PRST/2010/24

Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

16 November 2010

250

S/PRST/2010/25

Protection of civilians in armed conflict

22 November 2010

S/PRST/2010/26

The situation in the Central African Republic

14 December 2010

153

S/PRST/2010/27

The situation concerning Iraq

15 December 2010

369

S/PRST/2010/28

Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

16 December 2010

251

S/PRST/2010/29

The situation in Chad, the Central African Republic and the subregion

20 December 2010

168

S/PRST/2010/30

The situation in the Middle East

22 December 2010

501

1581

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