Guelph Alumnus Magazine, March 1970

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UNIVERSITY O F GUELPH

UNIVERSITY O F GUELPH

March,1970,Vol. 3, No.1

H GUELPH ALUMNUS sy

INDEX THE Ph.D. JOB SHORTAGE INDUSTRY DOESN'T OWE A LIVING/B. M. Hewatt 3 NO JOBS IN RESEARCH/Dr. J. R. Keyston

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DO WE REALLY NEED THEM?/Dr. Kevin Burley

7

WHAT ABOUT MY LIFE?/Barry Brock

9

ARE WE BEING FAIR?/Dr. H. S. Armstrong

12

DRAMA AT GUELPH

14

THE MERCHANT OF VENICE/James Murphy

15

WHAT THE FACULTY IS READING

16

MICHAEL COONEY/David Bates

17

CAMPUS HIGHLIGHTS

18

ALUMNI NEWS

21

Credits

LETTERS

23

Cover: photo by Ken Barton

Of Grads and Jobs Part of this issue of the Guelph Alumnus is devoted t o a series of articles on the graduate schools of Canadian universities.

We hope that you will find, as we have. that the writers raise some interesting and pertinent questions about where our grad schools should be heading in the '70's and beyond.

We have also presented, in the persons of six graduate students, a very small sample of the tremendously varied array of talent and enthusiasm t o be found in graduate studies at Guelph. A strong graduate program is, in some ways, the most important resource a university has, and we were only sorry that we could not introduce many more of these interesting people.

In the fall semester just passed, there was a total of 613 graduate students enrolled in 32 academic departments across the University. There were 450 enrolled in the Ontario Agricultural College, 169 in Wellington College, 80 in the Ontario Veterinary College, and 14 in Macdonald Institute. Of the total of 613 graduate stu-

dents. 455 were working towards Master's degrees (344M.Sc. and 111 M.A.) and 141 towards Ph.D. degrees. There were eight enrolled in OVC's new graduate Diploma course, and nine "special" students.

Graduate studies began on this campus in 1926,when OAC offered its first Master of Science in Agriculture degree. A similar degree in Veterinary Science was begun at OVC in 1930,and Macdonald Institute and Wellington College initiated their Master's programs in 1965.

The growth of Guelph's graduate school has been recent and rapid. As recently the number of students as 1962-63, enrolled was 105.This means a six-fold increase in less than ten years.

Nowadays, this large community is engaged in an incredible amount of research work at Guelph. It is a community which represents every province in Canada, and many countries of the world; finds itself using thousands of dollars worth of the most sophisticated machinery ever possible by mankind, but may at the same time occupy many of the furnished rooms on the back streets of Guelph, not always

sure of next semester's funds. Roughly half of the grad students at Guelph are married, and about one-third come from outside Canada. Some of these hope t o remain in Canada, while others are learning the skills necessary to carry on the development of countries around the world.

And as we learn in the series of articles beginning on the next page, some may have trouble finding employment for the training they have spent so many years and so much work in obtaining. But among them are, as the old cliche rightly says, the leaders of our country for the next decade and beyond.

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We wish to thank the Society of Sigma Xi, a scientific society whose Guelph Club President is Dr. R. W. Shuel, Department of Apiculture, for its cooperation with this issue. The authors of the articles on graduate schools all appeared on campus in November in a symposium organized by the club to debate the question of job opportunities for advanced degree holders from Canadian universities. Their articles here contain much of the discussion of that interesting evening.

THE Ph.D. JOB SHORTAGE Graduate schools at Canadian universities are producing a flood of advanced degree holders, and they're still expanding. But jobs for the graduates are getting scarce, and we're just beginning to notice. What now?

The writers on the next 11 pages have some ideas.

The View from lndustry

lndustry Does Not Owe the Ph.0. a Living

by B. M. Hewatt HE LIMITED industrial demand for post Tgraduate employees in Canada at the present time appears to result from inadequate feedback of information relating to employment requirements and opportunities - a communications failure involving Industry, government and the unlverslties, with the students bearlng the brunt of the consequences.

How does industry view the problem. and what areas of improvement can we see for the varlous partles involved?

Flrst, let us consider the extent to which graduates with advanced degrees are employed in Canadlan industry. A small but representative sample can be obtained by examining Gulf Canada and two other companies represented in the Sheridan Park Research Community. These three companies exhibit a personnel make-up fairly typical for major industrial firms in thls country.

At Gulf Canada, we have 12,000 employees. Of these, 1,000 are unlversrty graduates; and of the graduates, 75 hold Masters degrees and 49 hold Ph.D. degrees. Of these 124 advanced degrees, 42 Masters and 42 Ph.D.'s are In a research or specralized environment.

Another company represented in Sheridan Park has 10,000 employees across Canada. They include 245 unlversity graduates, of whom seven are M.Sc.'s and seven are Ph.D.'s. Only one holding an advanced degree IS not In a research environment.

A third company employs 2,000, of whom 58 are university-trained. These Mr. B. M. Hewatt is the Director of Administrative Services, Gulf Canada Research and Development Centre, and V~ce-Presrdent,Sheridan Park Assocration.

include four M.Sc.'s and nlne Ph.D.'s.

Ten of the 13 advanced degrees are in the Research Centre.

From these statistics, i t can be seen that the demand for Masters and Doctors is relatively low and is generally speciallzed. I am also afraid that the demand is relatively static.

It is the usual practice In industry to consider a bachelor's degree as adequate background to handle most jobs. I t is primarily rn the field of research or plannlng -where there is a requirement for a specific interest and a depth of particular knowledge, in a fairly rntense field -that graduate students are considered for industry.

Unfortunately, however, i t is often these same interests and capablllties of the post graduate-trained employee, with the obv~ousexception of the M.B.A., that limit his scope to progress beyond these fields into corporate operations and corporate management.

To some extent, the bachelor who has devoted the three or four years to work on the Company's problems, rather than in graduate school, is in a better competitive position to move upward through corporate operations. lndustry IS looking for the best people it can find, whether they be B.Sc., M.Sc., or Ph.D.'s. In point of fact, however, the graduate degree is used, at the tlme of recrurtment, as a screening mechanism; but it certainly is not a sure guide to superior performance. lndustry is profit-motivated, and seeks people who will apply themselves to the profit principle. Unfortunately, many post graduate students seem unable to accept this fact. All too often the holder of a higher degree seems to think that a job in Industry should be an extension of his specralized education rather than an appllcation of it.

It would appear that this attitude is a slgnlficant factor in llmiting the upward progress of advanced degree holders in industry and thus keeping post graduates In a fairly constant ratio.

Some industries and companies recognize the need for a specialized environment in whrch post graduates can achieve satisfactlon and work productively in industry. In

our company, we have a dual ladder system, In which the scientist can progress financially and otherwise, while still staying in the scientific field. He also has the opportunity to progress administrat~vely if his capabilities demonstrate an aptitude and an interest for thls field.

I thlnk industry generally would welcome greater mobility of the scientist up the management ladder of corporate affairs.

Turning now to the unlversity, industry wants and expects the university to educate the whole man. Paul Weiss, Dean of B~olog~cal Sclence at the Unlverslty of Texas, has sard, "By and large, industry would prefer to have academic institutions furnish them with open-minded, roundlyeducated people, albeit wlth general technlcal competence rather than with Indoctrlnated specialist robots who would have to be retrained on the job anyhow."

He went on to say: "It would be ruinous to surrender to the growing demands for almost pure professional or vocational tralning at the expense of breadth and flexibility."

I don't think anyone In industry would quarrel with this outlook at either the under-graduate or graduate level. Dr. W. G. Dodge, President of International Cellulose Research Llmited, has stated, "We would like our graduate students to be truly better educated people, not necessarily those who have obtained an advanced degree because of a w~llingnessto see through to the end a research program that has emphasized the obtaining of new data or new knowledge at the expense of thelr own development, Industrial research could well use these indivrduals where extended educational opportunity has been directed to their being more knowledgeable in a wider variety of disciplines, whose creativity could be based on the command of a broader base of fundamental knowledge, one who has a bigger bag of scientific learning with which to encounter our product and process development problem."

This 1s true in industrial research, and it is true in Industry in general.

Dr. Dodge adds: "It would appear that these (qualities) must be obtained at the expense of less emphasis on academic

The Ph.D. Job Shortage

research. This is undoubtedly contrary t o that force which is driving our universities to an increasingly heavy research program; but in the long run, a university will be judged by the success and the productivity of its graduating student body and not by its research output."

It has been suggested that the emphasis in the Ph.D. program is almost exclusively in the training of students for research and particularly those who will become university professors entrusted with training future university professors, and so on.

I wonder if this is the proper orientation for our post graduate system?

From the numerous Ph.D. applications our Company receives daily, it is fairly obvious that there is an over-supply. Perhaps the universities should question the need to have such a high ratio of graduate schools among degree granting institutions in this country. Of 884 universities and colleges in the U.S.A. which award degrees with a majority in chemistry, only 140 or 16 per cent offer the Ph.D. degree.

What is the situation in Canada? It would appear that of 32 universities granting bachelors in chemistry, 19 or 59 per cent granted graduate degrees last year. Is this ratio in the best interests of the graduates or even of Canada? - I have some doubt.

There should also be closer liaison between universities and industry to ensure that graduates receive appropriate training for their chosen career. The University of Waterloo's Co-op program is an early example of such co-operation; and at Sheridan Park we are enjoying increasingly close relations with nearby universities. It seems reasonable t o expect that any arrangement which allows university educators and students t o spend time in industry would lead t o increased understanding of the aims and obectives of each.

Insofar as the student is concerned, industry expects him to be able t o define his interests. We also expect him t o have some flexibility in his outlook, so that his chances of attaining a chosen career are realistic. He should have studied the possible opportunities in the market for which he is being trained. We do not think that the country owes a living to every Ph.D. in

organlc chemistry, for example, just because that is what he wants to do.

At the same time, we do not think that these concerns are the sole responsibility of the student. A great deal depends upon the calibre of information, counselling and experience he is able to receive from the university, industry and government agencies.

But how can students make a knowledgeable career choice and how are universities t o know what courses to promote unless there is some co-ordination between the educational "plant" and the employment market awaiting the graduates and post graduates? It occurs to me that which is concerned with government productivity and the return on the investment in education - could perform a useful function by annually polling industry and other employers on their anticipated requirements five t o 10 years ahead, and by making the results of this continuing medium-range forecast available to students, the universities and the general public.

Such information could also form an intelligent basis for an immigration policy which would seek to balance the supply of highly educated immigrants with the indicated demand. In the course of interviewing immigrants, I have been astonished t o learn that representatives of the Canadian Government in their homeland had advised them of an acute shortage of scientists in Canada.

I t also seems a little strange that with so many willing to undertake post graduate programs, Canada continues to suffer from chronic shortages of medical doctors and dentists. Perhaps government should be providing greater incentives to encourage study in fields where shortages exist.

Much has been said recently about the de-Canadianization of our universities particularly in the humanities. Dr. H. E. Petch of the University of Waterloo has made the point that universities are meeting the demands of industry, government and the universities for Ph.D, graduates in the natural and applied sciences because of massive financial support. From what I see, this demand is more than being met. Dr. Petch indicates that if such support were made available in the

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humanities and social sciences, that i t would be possible for Canada t o be selfsupporting in terms of university professors in 10 years.

I think that this is a responsibility that governments must accept. They should be flexible enough in their funding of university programs to more nearly assure a supply/demand balance of post graduatetrained personnel in the proper disciplines.

At present, it would appear that the demand by industry for M.A.'s and Ph.D.'s is to some extent restricted by their lack of upward mobility in the corporate system. The reasons for this include a too narrow interest on the part of the post graduate and possibly a lack of knowledge of corporate affairs imparted at university.

Graduate students should regard university as a training of the mind and their thesis is an example of the quality of their work and the creativity of which they are capable. Just because a person has done a paper on some highly-specialized aspect of science, i t does not mean that he should plan to confine himself t o this specialty for life. Industry, once you are in it, may provide more interesting challenges.

The student must consider the market for his talents and must resolve t o be flexible enough in his interest to be able to adapt t o the kind of job supply situation existing today.

The View of a Scientist

Ph.D.s Can No Longer Rely On Research For Jobs

by Dr. J. R. Keyston the last year or two much DURING has been written and said about a possible surplus of Ph.D. scientists and engineers in Canada. Some people believe that the universities are already turning

A working mother is a better mother

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TOUGH going back t o school after a long break, having to accept lower marks IT'SisMrs.the worst thing. Biochemistry was my big trouble.''

Virginia Campbell, 33, the mother of two boys, and 6, is working towards

4 a Master's degree in Nutrition in the Family Studies Department at Macdonald Institute.

She and her husband, who is a Vice-President at Galtex, where they texture yarns, have rented a house in Galt. Virginia leaves home at 8 every morning, makes the 17 mile drive t o Macdonald in her own car, and is home by 5. A housekeeper is w ~ t h the children all day, although the older boy, Malcolm, goes to school now. Getting a housekeeper was terriby difficult, she says, and some of the more conservative people in the town raised an eyebrow about a "working mother." But Virginia is sure that a more fulfilled person is a better mother. "I found when I was at home, that the kids were very busy little people, but that I was getting duller and duller. I had to keep alive and productive, and that's the main reason I'm doing this."

Virginia is taking body measurements of pre-school children, and correlating this with their diet. She works with two groups; one, the children in Macdonald Institute Nursery School, who tend t o come from well-to-do families, and the other from the Family Service Agency in Hamilton, a social welfare agency, where the children represent a lower socio-economic group. She wants to establish the difference between the diets of children from these two levels of society, and what the differences do t o the children's growth. The study is financed by a grant from the Department of National Health and Welfare, and is an extension of work begun by Dr. Janet Wardlaw, Dean of Macdonald Institute.

The Campbells came t o Galt from Montreal, where Virginia had spent three years in Dietetics at the Montreal General Hospital, and a further three years teaching for the Protestant School Board in Montreal. Virginia comes from Dundas, Prince Edward Island. and she graduated from Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia in 1958 with a B.Sc. in Home Economics.

"We loved Montreal, and we like Ontario too," Virginia says, "although sometimes people in Ontario who haven't been outside the province tend t o adopt a superior air about other parts of the country." She feels strongly that the graduate program at Macdonald is offering an increasingly excellent range of studies, particularly, she says, with the new program at the Institute. She finds that the most frustrating part of an advanced degree program is simply getting things organized. "Collecting the data was fairly easy, analyzing it (she is using a computer in the analysis of the data) and writing the thesis are the hard part."

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growth rate of the Gross National Product.

This means student and staff growth rates closer to five per cent per year than t o 20 per cent per year. While this drop in growth rate will mean a substantial decrease in new university staff positions for Ph.D. graduates, the output of Ph.D.'s will most probably continue to rise. A larger and larger percentage of graduates will therefore have t o find employment . outside the universities.

Although this point is more or less universally accepted, the question remains as to what the Ph.D.'s will do outside the university sector of the economy. The research opportunities in industry and government laboratories are not abundant in Canada at the present time, and are certainly not abundant enough t o absorb a large fraction of the graduating classes expected in the next few years.

This could change, of course. Canadian based industries will hopefully increase their research activities in the future, and we may expect government research laboratories t o grow at a modest rate after the present austerity measures are lifted. The universities, however, have built up an output potential which in all probability will exceed quite appreciably the demand for research staff in government and industry for many years to come.

The question is thus raised, perhaps for the first time in Canada, as to whether or not we should expect a substantial fraction of our future Ph.D. graduates to find employment in fields other than research.

If, on the one hand, we do expect more and more Ph.D.'s t o fill non-research positions, we must ask ourselves if the current type of Ph.D. training is the most appropriate for them. It is the feeling of m3ny that the present Ph.D. graduates are highly trained but narrowly specialized, and will not, or cannot, adapt to work in fields other than that of their thesis, or in other than scientific research. There is no doubt some truth in this accusation.

But i t is also true that in the past they have not had the incentive t o adapt.

Positions have usually been available in which they could in fact continue their

thesis work: this is after all the work for which they have the best credentials.

Another important factor is that graduate students are picked by university professors, most of whom have never worked in other than a university environment, on the basis of their academic record and their "research potential". Although it may be true, we cannot assume a priori that the same students would be chosen if the object of the Ph.D. program were t o turn out highly qualified science teachers for secondary schools or science trained business managers or government administrators. Canada will definitely need more people in these categories in the future, but the present Ph.D. program may not be the best method of selection.

If, on the other hand, we continue to equate Ph.D, trainlng to a research position, the various levels of government whlch bear the brunt of the cost of the training, will not feel that their money is well spent if sufficient research jobs are not available. A shortage of research positions could then lead to a regulation of the Ph.D. output based on "market" forecasts of such positions, a situation which most would no doubt find undesirable.

Whatever happens, we must avoid a situation evoked as a possibility in a recent article: "Unemployed scholars, either because they consider nonuniversity work beneath them or because they could not adapt to it, might turn into an alienated intellectual proletariat, ready to turn in anger on the society that does not use them in the style they have come to expect". (New York Times, January 4, 1970, signed F.M.H. The writer was In fact referring to Ph.D. graduates in the humanities in the Unlted States!) To do so, we must build in a degree of flexibility of attitude which will allow us and our institutions to adapt to the changes which are now occurring, and which will probably occur more frequently in the future.

There are encouraging signs that after an initial flurry of often vehement debates on this subject, the parties concerned are finding common ground for ratlonal discussion and action.

A Professor's View

But Do We Really Need All Those Ph.D.'s?

by Dr. Kevin Burley N the best of all possible Voltairian

I worlds this question would not be

asked. In the real, sub-optimal world in which we live it is a frequently put question. The caption above comes from the April 1969 issue of Science Forum.

Less than one year later, disgruntled job seekers at the end-of-year meetings of the learned societies at Denver, Washington and New York, might well answer: "No", (accord~ngto a recently published note in the Chronicle of Higher Education (January 12, 1970). The article 'chronrcles' the experience of newly qualifying Ph.D. graduates seeking faculty posts at the 1969 post-Christmas hiring sessions of the Modern Language Association, the American Historical Association, and the American Economic Association. In contrast with previous years, job seekers discovered fewer faculty openings and encountered what the article describes as a "Buyer's Market in Academe". In essence the problem in the United States is one of over-supply. A high proportion of the increased undergraduate enrolment during the early 1960's continued into the graduate schools. The Modern Language Association reports a doubling of the number of Ph.D. graduates during the 1960's. Any budget constraint now imposed in the hiring of new faculty immediately exposes the large and overflowing reservoir of what has recently been labelled the species academicus.

The problem has spilled over into Canada. Although the expansion of graduate schools in Canada is of more recent

Dr. Kevin Burley is the Acting Chairman of the Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario, in London.

origin, the problem of over-supply is already being glumly discussed in departments of the natural sciences and humanlties. So far, graduates in the social sciences have enjoyed and still enjoy (for them) a relatively slack market; but even here the tide has begun to turn. But evidence of an excess supply in the academic market place provides only an imperfect answer to the question: are we producing too many Ph.D.'s? We live in a complex industrial soc~ety:Research and development effort is inextricably intertwined in maintaining our momentum and in further economic progress. Can we really be sure that the saturation point in Ph.D.'s has already been reached, or is imminent in all sectors of the economy?

No worthwhile attempt (to my knowledge) has yet been made to determine the composition of our future labour force in terms of the highly qualified manpower likely to be needed. Interest is now being shown both at federal level and in the province of Ontario in this thorny, disputatious problem of manpower forecasting; solutions are still very much in the future.

Far more research effort is essential before we may be able t o provide an answer.

However, I would hazard a prediction now that over the next 10 years the proportion of Ph.D. graduates entering industry in Canada is likely to expand significantly. If I am correct, two fresh questions merit study: (a) who should pay for such Ph.D. training and (b) is the trad~tional,somewhat narrow research Ph.D. the most appropriate form of intellectual training for Ph.D. students likely to be entering industry?

In a wealthy modern society the demand for education, being "lncome elastic", rises rapidly as income rises.

But education is "labour intensive", using high-level, high-cost manpower. One consequence is that rises in the cost of education tend to outstrip the productivity increases achieved in other sectors of the economy. Another important consequence IS that traditional privately endowed financial support for universities tends to form an ever diminishing proportion of university income. It is state financial aid which provides and extends the physical

On the trail of a virus

m disciplinary form of training at the Ph.D. level is now more appropriate to satisfy a different set of criteria and a changing body of need. Who should assist to identify these criteria if not the future employers. Do they know?

How it looks to a Grad Student

No Planning?

No Control?

What About M Y LIFE?

by Barry Brock the past year or two, students in INcertain disciplines (especially some of the natural and physical sciences) graduating with a Masters or Ph.D. degree in Canada have had difficulty in finding suitable employment. For these students, suitable employment usually relates to a university teaching position or a permanent university, government or industrial research post in their particular subdiscipline. Lack of suitable opportunity not only exists in Canada but is becoming an acute problem i n the United States.

This was pointed out in the magazine Science (166:582,1969) in an article by B. Nelson called "A Surplus of Scientists?

The Job Market is Tightening." Obviously this will compound the situation here in Canada.

Nevertheless, other areas of study such as some of the Social and Engineering Sciences and Humanities, are experiencing a dearth of doctoral and masters graduates. This has led t o the possibility that certain disciplines in some Canadian universities have been sewing foreign Mr. Barry Brock is a Ph.D. student i n the Department of Botany, University of Guelph. He is also the President of the Graduate Student's Association of the University.

ROUSE, 28, divides his time between researches in a bright and airy lab in the HARRY Avian Pathology and Virology building of OVC and his duties as a head resident in Complex "B", the large co-ed residence at the south end of the campus. Barry and his wife, Margaret, who teaches at the Willow Road Senior Public School in Guelph, share a one-bedroom apartment in the complex.

He has nearly finished the work on a Ph.D. in Immunology, and has already been accepted at the Walter and Elizabeth Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. This world-famous institution is so respected that Barry had competition from over 100 applicants for the position. "immunology is a newish field," Barry says, "and this is a great opportunity to work with top scientists and pick their brains, so t o speak."

Barry has devoted many years to the study of influenza viruses. He is from Kent, England, and received his D.V.M. from the University of Bristol in 1965. He came to OVC in 1966 and spent two years on a Master's degree. The thesis was a study of influenza in turkeys, a particularly obnoxious disease that can decimate a flock with no warning, and yet not touch another flock in the same neighbourhood. He has now nearly completed a further two years studying influenza in the horse. Main purpose of this work has been to evaluate the vaccines available for protection of horses against influenza viruses. One type of vaccine was found superior in its protection, and it i s now recommended for future use in the field. After the stint in Australia, he hopes to return to OVC to teach and continue research in immunology.

Barry says that one of the high spots of his stay in Guelph has been the experience of being one of the three head residents in the massive and complicated Complex "B".

He is responsible for Russell Hall, housing 278 students. There is an assistant head resident, and nine proctors to help with the administration. "We are not police." Barry says, "rather we try to be advisors and counsellors, whenever anyone feels they need it." Aside from "a little exuberance" at exam-time, he reports that the ideal of a "basic concern for others" has worked very well in Russell Hall. Complex "B" is a beautiful residence, he'says, "but I must say that people do have a job t o get together here." He thinks that the design of the building has a tendency to isolate people into fairly small groups. To overcome this, he and the proctors have been working on activities to bring students together socially. Sports events and discussion periods seem to have done the trick.

The wide-open spaces, the outdoor sports and the climate, -these are some of the things Barry appreciates about Canada. He has been trying t o find the time to brush up on his skiing, although finding the time has proven to be almost impossible.

Writing a Ph.D. thesis and being a head resident make for a very full life. 0

The Ph.D. Job Shortage

An artist meets science, and likes it

F IT'S TRUE that a variety of places and experiences is educating, then Bill Addler, 27, has had a g o d education even before becoming an M A . student in Psychology at Guelph.

Born in Poland during the Second World War, Bill moved with his family to Germany at war's end, then t o Sweden, and finally t o Canada when he was 12. The Addlers settled first i n Winnipeg, then Toronto. After high school, he enrolled in the Ontario College of Art and graduated in 1966 in Fine Art. Then came what Bill calls "the year in the studio." He and eight or ten others rented the top floor of a factory in downtown Toronto and spent their days in poverty and creation. For Bill, it was a year of both painting and sculpture, culminating in a one-man show, "notably unsuccessful," he says modestly. "You get so darn idealistic in a situation like that," he says, "but by the end of the year I was having some real soul searching. I could see what my life was becoming, years and years of scratching. Only a very few make it, partly because society really doesn't give artists an opportunity in this country."

At this point, he decided that a university degree and then perhaps teaching was what he wanted to do. It turned out that Guelph looks particularly favorably on graduates of the Ontario College of Art. Indeed, OCA students who take the summer semester at Guelph while they are enrolled at OCA achieve four semesters of regular work here, are granted an extra year for their OCA work, and finish their four year stint not only with OCA graduation but a University of Guelph Bachelor's Degree. This scheme had not been introduced when Bill was at OCA, (although he was given credit here for the OCA work), so he took the undergraduate course here and graduated in the spring of 1969.

Bill describes his interest in psychology as something which developed gradually.

He found himself drawn to scientific courses, "perhaps as a kind of reaction after the years of art." Now he's deeply involved in the science of psychology. He is studying primitive nerve endings in the nasal membranes, attempting to determine their sensitivity, and comparing this with the sensitivity of nerve endings of surface skin on other parts of the body. Part of the problem is to discover whether the nerve endings detect touch in a patterned fashion, or whether each nerve ending operates independently in its sensory role. A series of thin nylon sutures, calibrated for the pressure they apply, are inserted into the nostril until the subject reports feeling. The subjects are usually other students, who volunteer, says Bill, after they are told, "you owe me some hours of testing, because I worked in your experiment, remember?"

The point of it all? "I wish I had a good answer, but honestly, we don't really know yet what practical application, if any, this will have." Psychology, he says, is still a very young science, with many researchers attempting to build up a body of knowledge, and what he feels are too few applying the results in a practical way.

Bill hopes to proceed on to a Ph.D. in Psychology, but isn't sure what will come after that. "Who knows," he says, "I may even end up back in a studio. In a certain way, it's not so important what you're doing, the important thing is that you're doing something."

interests. (This, of course, is the point raised by Professors Mathews and Steele in their recent book "The Struggle for Canadian Universities") I n fact, the lack of Canadian faculty in some departments of certain universities (not including Guelph) appears alarming.

It thus appears simply that we have two causes for concern -too much of one and not enough of another! What can be done about this -or should there be anything done about it?

Necessarily, there are several possible answers. The demands of society as a whole determine basically where education is going, but the university, as the penultimate educational institution, should be the leader, not the follower, in identifying the educational gaps of the future. Hence, we can always come back to the purpose, or philosophy, of postgraduate education.

Most Canadian universities, and Guelph is no exception, stress detailed study of narrow, specialized areas as the primary requisite for post-graduate degrees. Since many papers are published which could be relevant to one's own study, an aproportional amount of time is spent attempting to stay abreast of the developments in one's own area. This, added to the amount of time spent examining one's own hypothesis, usually leads t o the exclusion of many other activities.

Whether this is a personal preference, or through necessity, is always up to the individual graduate student, but it is nevertheless the usual case.

At the moment, some people feel that such pursuits of knowledge are futile because of the lack of jobs. Some Ph.D. graduates are now taking one, two or even more years of post-doctoral training because there is no other place to go. Now, even post-doctoral fellowships are not as readily available as they used to be.

Of course, we are assuming that there are no controls on the population of highly educated (trained?) specialists. If this is true, it is obvious that regardless of who the specialists are, there will be at one time too many of them, at another too few for the job market. In most disciplines today, there is little or no attempt at any

Bob Hope jokes can be annoying Dr. H. S. Armstrong Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research University of Guelph

Are We Being N Canadian universities, the Sixties

1 opened upon a scene of feverish building activity. Almost over-night we LEIGH, 30, is working on a Ph.D. in the Department of Animal Science, BODIE" OAC. He comes from Nigeria, and there is no denying the fact that the past months and years have been anguishing ones for him. Doubly so because, although he is from Lagos, in federal Nigeria, he went to the University of Nigeria, at Nsukka, in the Biafran territory. Finding himself with sympathies for both sides, annoyed by what he feels is needlessly contradictory and sensational western press treatment of the war, hopeful that hostilities and bloodshed are finally at an end in his homeland, "Bodie" has been able to achieve a sort of edgy objectivity about events there.

He feels that, bloodshed and chaos aside, General Ojukwu, the Biafran commander, made what was simply a military mistake in supposing that there was a good chance that the secession attempt would succeed. The Biafran forces were fairly quickly pushed into an enclave of arid, almost non-agricultural land, and Bodie feels that the Biafrans should have foreseen this.

Bodie is a member of the Yoruba nation of Central Africa, (a nation that was split by the creation of Nigeria many decades ago), and his full name is Abisogun ("born into war") Olubode ("Lord has returned") Leigh (a name he says was likely given by missionaries, or copied from them). His original family name is Onipinla, which means "you are destined t o survive."

In 1966, Bodie was one of 3 1 students selected to study in the United States under the auspices of Michigan State University, which had helped in the creation of the University of Nigeria. He went to Iowa State, and received a Master's degree in Animal Breeding in 1968. However, the troubles in Nigeria about that time resulted in a loss of financial support for the students brought over by Michigan State. As Bodie tells it, many of them were rather suddenly "orphaned" by the move, but after a period of confusion for him, he was able to continue at Guelph.

Bodie has seen much of the world before coming to Guelph. As the President of a political party at the University of Nigeria, he attended the UN Students Conference in Italy in 1964, and a Rotary Club International Conference in Holland in 1965.

He likes Guelph and finds life here somewhat more relaxing than in the United States, where he found that racial tension was inescapable, even if not always overt. But he and other black students have found some discrimination in Guelph, particularly regarding housing. What Bodie finds most annoying, however. is that white North Americans tend to be impatient with the customs and cultures of other societies, and judge everything in terms of Western culture. He tells of Bob Hope's joke about Africans being fast runners because of the lions. "The vast majority of people where I come from have never seen a lion in their life. There's something patronizing about attitudes like that," he says. "They just don't understand what's going on in your mind."

He is now preparing for the stiff "comprehensives", written and oral examinations as part of the requirement for the Ph.D. His thesis will attempt to document cross breeding systems in beef cattle, using computer simulation of environments to make the study applicable t o various localities. He hopes to finish in the summer of 1971. and plans t o follow a career in research in Nigeria, in an effort to improve the beef stock in his country.

He brings a different world, of hope and experience, to the University of Guelph.

had suddenly recognized that the high schools were more numerous and had vastly larger pupil populations than ever before. We could actually count them, and we realized that the mid-Sixties would see greatly swollen student numbers in the universities. A count of our graduate schools made it perfectly clear that, in order to cope with the flood of undergraduates, we must greatly increase our efforts at the graduate level. We could not even rely upon world sources of scholars to meet our needs, the only answer was t o produce our own.

The consequent burgeoning of Canadian graduate schools was, by and large, somewhat less than well planned. And the pattern of financing made practically inevitable the resulting explosive growth of the science and technology fields, in contrast to the slower expansion of the humanities and the social sciences. In retrospect one cannot but wonder that we failed so dismally to recognize that the demands upon the undergraduate curriculum were so obviously in the humanities and social sciences.

Now, as the Sixties close, our graduate schools are going full tilt, producing the numbers we needed in the mid-Sixties for the universities. But many of the places are already filled, by tenured faculty, and the number of new places simply cannot provide the opportunit~esthat our new graduates had expected t o exist. It's bad enough for the present group, but what about those who are coming on in 1971 and 1972?

There is no doubt that the graduate students, and most of those who work with them, are dismayed by the turn of events. And the tap cannot easily be turned off, now that it's on, because in practically every province in Canada the system of government financing of the universities properly recognizes the higher level of costs involved in educating and university budgraduate students gets are based upon a student "mix"

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Fair to the Graduate Student? which includes substantial numbers of graduate students. Furthermore, the universities are staffed, by tenured faculty, at a level t o enable them to cope with the graduate student numbers.

These are some of the matters to be borne in mind in discussing graduate enrolments. In a totalitarian society i t would presumably be possible to "allocate" so many Ph.D.'s or so many M.A.'s t o this job or that; and to limit the number of Ph.D. students and M.A. students to suit the demand for them. In our kind of society this kind of direction is intolerable. So t o the best of our ability and our resources we attempt to provide the opportunity t o all who want i t and can qualify academically. We have lived this way for a long time, and we have learned to live with the result - some find satisfactory places, others do not.

It may be that the key word is "satisfactory". The new Ph.D. who has been concentrating on research for a couple of years may well regard as unsatisfactory an opportunity which makes i t impossible for him to continue the research he has been doing. He may resent the fact that last year's man had a chance to do so, as did the man of the year before that.

Is it fair that just because he completes his work in 1970 he should not have the same chance? To the young man for whom the words "The Depression" are no more than words, and for whom World War II and its anguish ring no bell, the changed economic climate of to-day looms as a disaster after riding the crest for so long.

What can we do to help h ~ m ?

It may be too late to do more than encourage him to remember that cream rises to the top, and hope not only that he is creamy, but also that our society is not so homogenized as to make his rise impossible.

Perhaps he will have to use the ~maginat ~ o nthat should have been glven full rein In his research. Can he apply his specialized knowledge and skills in some way that will open the door for him? If he wants to be a teacher, can he face the

possibility of teaching at other than the university level? Where undergraduates complain about large classes and anonymity, how many freshmen do you have to tutor in first year chemistry or physics to make a living- i f you're good at it?

Can he and some of his friends in other disciplines sell their services as experts in their respective fields- there is a great market for consultants these days.

As internal committees wallow around in procedural details, about the only way to get action is to appoint a consultant, (whose advice one may, of course, ignore).

What can we do to help those who come on later? One thing is to take action after noting that each of the other four writers in this section refers to the need to review the pattern of the Ph.D. curriculum. The Ph.D. is recognized as a research degree, but this does not mean that it need represent the narrowness of background that seems t o be normal today. Why try to fit everyone t o the same mould? Why not encourage those who wish to do so, t o sit in on courses that are quite removed from their special interests - courses which may well enable them to accept corporate opportunities which otherwise cannot be offered. And why depreciate the coinage of the Ph.D. by using it as a ticket of admission t o something - especially by permitting the inept to grind their way through some problem assigned to them by a desperate supervisor (in the blessed name of research). Why not admit to the Ph.D. only those whose research is imaginative and creative? Why not remember that the separation of the cream implies also the separation of the milkt nutriand even skim milk is n ~ without tional value. Why not spare some advanced students the agonies of trying to do research for which they are just not suited; offer them instead, say, a degree of "Candidate in Philosophy" (C.Phil.) to show that they have gone well beyond the master's degree and have done everything but the research which characterizes the

Ph.D.? A different kind of preparation might well make these graduate students more desirable employees than those Ph.D.'s to whom Mr. Hewatt refers in his contribution.

In short, encourage each advanced student to follow his own natural "bent" as far as he possible can. We have been told convincingly, and for many years, that our most valuable resource is educated people. It has been easy t o assume that this means we should have lots of Ph.D.s. And now we are concerned about seeming to be producing too many Ph.D.s, all of whom have been too narrowly trained. I suspect it's rather more a matter of narrowness than i t is of number. An additional higher degree without research might well help fulfill our requirements for educated people. And it would do so without debasing the Ph.D. as a research degree.

The alternative, frequently cited, is to cut back drastically on graduate student admissions. I t can be argued that this is the solution which will give rise t o homogenization - for the cream won't even get a chance to rise. I t is argued that we should not panic and cause yet another wild swing of the pendulum. And across the country faculty members are disclaiming any responsibility to act as placement officers.

The answers to the present problem are obviously not simple, and most of them lie in the political realm. But one thing is certain; if the intending graduate student wants some assurance of his future possibilities, and if our graduate schools are to develop in a reasonable rather than a random way, we must have some better information as t o the probable needs of our society four or five years hence. Our universities can then, in cooperation with one another, determine how to share the burden, accepting voluntary constraints upon fields of study and numbers of staff and graduate students.

And it's all much more easily said than done.

Drama Drama began at Guelph i n 1966 with three students; now there are 100 taking a program which attempts to provide a great deal of practical experience in theatrical production, within the framework of a liberal arts degree.

In addition to academic subjects, then, most students in Drama par ticipate fully in the production of plays. Not only do they act in the productions, but they fill the posts of director, designer, stage manager and so on. Student-written plays are staged whenever promising scripts are available.

An average of six productions a year is staged, i n a modern 168seat drama workshop i n the Arts Building.

On the next page, James Murphy, staff member overseeing production of the Merchant of Venice, this semester's major production, tells about how he and the student company approached the problem of bringing to life the timeless relevance of Shakespearean theatre.

Top left, 1967, Dave House in Jack or the Submission, by lonesco; top right, 1968, Anthony Stobie and Brigid Geary in Everyman; lower left, 1969, Bonita Garland and Jan Van Wyck in Miss Jairus,

by Michael de Ghelderode; lower right, 1970, Marielle Armstrong and Mary Snelgrove in Tom Thumb or The Tragedy of Tragedies, by Henry Fielding.

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Actress Cathy Essex and Technical Assistant Keith Bradley check lights; Dave Franklin and Henry Marcuzzi try on costumes in a downtown store; Marjorie Foster of the set crew cuts up; James Murphy (director), Kathy Ranney (lighting designer) and Bruce Koenig (set designer) at production conference.

Behind the scenery, looking for 'The Merchant'

by JAMES MURPHY IT WOULD BE our first venture into Shakespearean production. We decided to do the Merchant of Venice. Enthusiasm sprang up. Everyone has some kind of memories of the play. Did Shakespeare write it especially for high schools? too rarely it finds its way t o the stage. It is overread and underseen. To me it is a then play. Hamlet is a now play but the Merchant is a "then" one. One thinks of it in past tense. And one thinks in images rich and lavish as Portia herself.

Everyone can imagine Portia, the beautiful. In her richly laden palatial establishment in Belmont are attractive servants who do her every bidding. They are sober and respectful servants; she too respects them and rarely raises her jewel-bedecked hand in anger or impatience. She is super.

Jewelry becomes her. She becomes jewelry. She knows how to use her affluence and influence. No idle heiress is she. It is thrilling to see her set out to Mr. Murphy is a lecturer in Drama at the Uni3'ersity of Guelph. He has worked in theatre in England, Germany and in Ireland, where he was invited by its founder, Hilton Edwards, to guest direct at the Dublin Gate Theatre. He has been a director at the off-Broadway La Mama experimental theatre in New York, and will return there for the summer.

save Antonio from Shylock's cruel revenge.

"The qual~tyof mercy is not strained." she says to the greedy man. But Shylock doesn't care, he wants the pound of flesh from Antonio and goes on sharpening his knife. But he won't get it. Portia will save the day.

And what about that emigrant Jew in Venice who made his living there by lend. ing money at interest? In the theatre of the mind everyone sees him. And this image too is probably tied to the past. One might have seen a great and stirring performance on the stage, or a great film of a great Shylock who is, alas, now dead. Or one hears of the great Shylocks from Garrick onwards and especially one hears of Edmund Kean's Shylock. For it was Kean who swept away the traditional antics that fell to the actor playing Shylock.

I think I know why Kean succeeded in his new and revolutionary interpretation of Shylock. He was interested in his own day and in what Shylock had t o say to the world of his audience. Then. Not in Shakespeare's day, not the past. "Where is Shylock in today's world," said Kean. "I know, he is pushed around and rejected, something like me."

Why not then real~zeKean's legacy t o the actor? Where is it at now? What has the Merchant to say to us today? So we

have our heads together thinking about what all this business of riches, caskets, bondage and flesh has to say here today at the University of Guelph. We think it has plenty t o say. We see in Portia's socalled kindness and generosity a great deal of manipulation, possessiveness and bitchiness in general. We see her racial prejudice. Maybe no other age will but we do and that's important because it's the world we live in now. We see gross materialism, empty and meaningless religion, social injustice, double standards, does Lorenzo pollute the environment in his "How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon the bank" scene, asks an actor. "Very likely," I answer. But how are we going t o put that over i f we allow it to be buried in its usual trappings; its plumes, and painted canvas, trains and wigs, and all that theatrical camp? We didn't think we could; so all of that had t o go.

Besides, we want t o explore some of the techniques used in the "new" theatre. We want t o find out why the new theatre has especially the most everyone uptight theatrical establishment. We want t o find out what it's all about and exactly what it is. One hears about it almost reverently.

Only rarely does one catch a glimpse of it. It comes to life by stripping away the old theatrical facade. "Where are you?" asks the audience. "You have deceived

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or not to be -successful that is - is the question, and Michael Coaney Michael Cooney T0hasBEfound his own answer The 26-year-old folksinger from Church Falls, Virginia, along with his attractive wife wants to be Dale and a suitcase full of instruments, has moved on campus for the winter semester the Artist-in-Residence. The "artist" program was initiated last year when the a Failure asStudents' Union brought outspoken and often vitriolic Canadian poet, Irving Layton, by

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to the campus to share his world of poetry with interested students. Cooney will do the same. except guitars and folksongs will replace Layton's sonnets and stanzas. the But don't be concerned if his name doesn't ring a cerebral thoughtwave amiable young man seems to prefer it that way.

Cooney doesn't want to become well-known and famous. All too often, he says, national recognition is accompanied by cammercialism, and this is what he's trying to avoid. He's dreading the day, should it come, when Michael Cooney becomes a household name. He doesn" endorse guitars, mouthwash or cereals, and much to the dismay of his fans, refuses to release any recordings, with the exception of his first and probably last, entitled "The Cheese Stands Alone."

"I don't object to money," he says, "but to fame. It changes your personality even your friends treat you. If there's ever a run and it changes the way people on Michael Cooney records then t'll know I've been doing something wrong."

While trying to keep himself within a paler limelight of recognition, he is also hoping that the music he knows and loves doesn't succumb to commercial interests, winding up on the lips of teenyboppers and grooving socialites. The entertainment media already have put a sizeable dent in his musical world and he's quite serious when he says he hopes people like his songs, "but not too much."

"While it used to be the rich people who hired musicians," he says. "now Iowerclass people, who used to make their own music, let the media entertain them. If a song is well-known, there's no point in my singing it."

0 the folklore enthusiast sticks to the l'classicaJ" folksongs that originated on whaling ships and in the rural countryside, and which have brought standing ovations from his audiences at Guelph, the Mariposa Folk Festival, and numerous other concerts and festivab at which he's been a featured performer. Such overt enthusiasm must shake up his low-key approach to popularity, but it's difficult to accept his performance by sitting on your hands.

For a man with definite political views -he's a conscientious objector to the Vietnam war his concerts are apolitical. He usually plays all his instruments at all the way from a nickel tin whistle to a twelve string guitar and his least once light and easy delivery is a standing invitation to the audience to clap, tap or sing along with the music. Since he puts a concert together from a vast collection of material, he's constantly tuning instruments. and to break the monotony of his searching for a lost note or two, he doubles as a standup comedian, with such funny items as a sentence ending with five prepositions- "Mother. why did you bring that book to read to out of up for?"

He became interested in folk music ten years ago and is a fan of Pete Seeger, the sing-along left-winger. University friends introduced him to the music he sings today. In a lighter vein he recalls his attachment to folk music as having started in grade school. "When I was in grade school we sang folk songs and thought they were corny rotten songs. Later 1 realized those songs were really nice - it was grade school that was corny and rotten."

A world traveller in'search of folk music, he and his wife will be going to England after their stay in Guelph. As well as having a successful career as an "unpopular" singer, he hopes to settle down in the country, build his own house, and "live closer to real things."

However he defines success, you get the feeling he'll achieve his own version of it.

Just like a folksong hero he sings about, who battled technology and automation, he says, "a lot of songs don't tell whether he won or lost -all that matters is that he tried."

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Campus Highlights SIX COLLEGES AT GUELPH The University of Guelph Senate and Board of Governors approved in January the formation of three new colleges, each to be headed by a dean, for the faculties now administered under Wellington College. The new colleges will have jurisdiction over arts, physical sciences, and social sciences.

The new structures were recommended by the Academic Administrative Organization Report, which was summarized in the previous issue of the Guelph Alumnus.

Work has begun on setting separate budgets and finding deans for the three colleges by July 1.

Both governing bodies also passed a motion to restructure Macdonald lnstitute under the name. College of Family and Consumer Studies. Macdonald Institute will continue to be the name of the main building housing the college.

The Senate deferred a decision on the controversial proposal to create a College of Biological Science, pending further study and a report on the role of biology at the University. The biology departments are presently located in the Ontario Agricultural College. Both OAC and the Ontario Veterinary College are to continue as professional colleges under their traditional names.

The proposal to divide the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research into a Faculty of Graduate Studies and an Office of Research was also approved.

As of July 1, the University of Guelph will consist of six colleges: a College of Arts, a College of Social Science, and a College of Physical Science, plus the College of Family and Consumer Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, and Ontario Agricultural College.

BEQUEST BENEFITS SCHOLARS

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The University of Guelph has a new scholarship fund that will provlde at least ten $500 entrance scholarships each year for students from Wellington and Lanark counties.

The fund, amounting to $94,000, was bequeathed by Miss Wilma McArthur Humphries, who taught mathemat~csIn the city of Guelph for 33 years before her death last October.

To be known as the McArthur-Humphries scholarships, the awards will be given without application to five students from each county who have at least 75 per cent on seven grade 13 credits required for admission to the University. A similar scholarship plan has been set up for

WE MUST CONTROL SCIENCE, SPURGEON SAYS AT CONVOCATION A technological-watchdog government department, a "technological early warning system", are necessary if mankind is to control the rapidly increasing influence of science and technology, says David Spurgeon, science reporter for the Toronto newspaper, The Globe and Mail.

Dr. Spurgeon addressed 164 graduates receiving their degrees at the university's Winter Convocation, January 30. Dr. Spurgeon was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree at the ceremonies. Dr. Spurgeon said that society is beginning to realize that to illuminate the problems posed by science and technology, all scientific advances must be placed in some form of social and moral context.

The gloss has rubbed off science and technology, he said, because the early promise of truth and a means for a better life have not been fulfilled.

He said the role of the government watchdog department would be to assess all possible ill effects of new products and new technologies.

Admitting that control of technology would be hard to achieve, he said, "perhaps a better answer will come from among you, the students graduating here today." Today's youth, who appear to lack committment, can find it where they least expect it, in science and technology. he said.

"For despite all the ills these disciplines have brought us . we must look backward realistically at what they have ac-

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Queen's University from which Miss Humphries graduated in 1918.

Miss Humphries was a native of Guelph and returned in 1922 to teach at the Guelph Collegiate Vocational Institute. She held the position of mathematics department head until her retirement in 1955, and won her students' admiration for her thoroughness and clarity in teaching, her willingness to helm and her friendliness and Gnse of humor.

FULL-TIME ENROLLMENT 6228 Registrat~onin January matched last semester with a total of 5,603 students enrolling in undergraduate courses.

Students enrolling in programs for a Bachelor of Arts totalled 2,129, more than one-third of all those registering. Second in numbers came the 954 students en-

Dr. Spurgeon and family

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complished for u s . . and look ahead to see what they can accomplish for us in the future."

Dr. Spurgeon, a distinguished journalist widely known for his ~nterpretivereporting on many facets of science, is also the editor of the Sc~enceForum, and ViceChairman of the Board of Trustees for the National Museums of Canada. In 1968 he received the top award in the Excellence in Writing Program, sponsored by the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory in Buffalo, New York. rolled for a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture. Bachelor of Science students totalled 796 and Bachelor of Household Sc~encestudents amounted to 502. The totals for other programs were: Doctor of Veterinary Medicine 278, Associate Diploma in Agriculture 239, Bachelor of Science in Physical Education 163, Bachelor of Science in Engineering 134, Bachelor of Landscape Architecture 51, and Bachelor of Commerce in Hotel and Food Administration 29.

This semester, for the first time, the 328 part-time students who enrolled were allowed to register by mail. Registration was also simplified for the approximately 625 graduate students who enrolled. They registered in a "line-up" in the Physical Education Building, as the undergraduates did, and thus had application forms, health service information and staff advisors immediately available.

MUNRO: PHYS ED TO THE POOR

Munro speaks to Phys Ed Society

Ane Sapieja, contest winner

Dr. h ....,.. winner

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Physical education and recreation professionals should d i e t their attentions and activities to the culturally and economically disadvantaged, says John Munro. Minister of Health and Welfare.

Speaking to the Physical Education Society at the University of Guelph in midJanuary he said. "too often when we think of physical education, we concentrate on leisure and ignore the much more pressing problem of the one in five Canadians who live in poverty."

Describing McGill students who have operated physical education programs for the disadvantaged as the "beautiful people", he added, "physical recreation professionals should remove themselves from the gymnasium, the pool, the playground and carry their skills to the streets and the alleyways of the community. They must beequipped with increased social skills and an increasing awareness of social goals.

"When professionals go into the neighbourhoods, their effect is multiplied be. cause they reach far more people than can be approached within the confines of the gymnasium, pool and playground."

He called the movement from established facilities to the neighbourhoods "taking the programs where they are needed most" and promised federal aid to professionally-led, community based projects.

H. R. MACMILLAN AWARD Dr. J. Milton Bell of Saskatoon, a pioneer researcher in the use of rapeseed meal for livestock nutrition and head of the University of Saskatchewan's Animal Science Department, has won the first H. R. MacMillan Laureate in Agriculture. The award, accompanied by a $10,000 prize, was presented at the University on January 6.

The presentation of the award was a high point of Guelph's Farm Week '70 program. Dr. Bell. in a presentation address. noted that much research has centred around determining what feeds will bring pigs to ideal market condition in the shortest possible time. It is now possible to produce pigs "that can reach 200 pounds in less than 140 days, with feed efficiencies of 2.9 pounds of feed per pound of gain, and produce carcesees containing 15 to 20 pounds less fat than the current average." he said. The problem is to find feed that will bring pigs to this standard.

The award was set up by 1906 OAC graduate, Dr. H. R. MacMiltan of Van-

couver, a prominent figure in Canada's forest industry. Its purpose is to honor the individual making the most creative contribution to Canadian agriculture in the five-year period preceding the presentation. The second award, to be presented in 1974, will coincide with the centenary of OAC. Dr. MacMillan has noted that the purpose of the award is to commemorate the founding of the College.

GUELPH COED WINS TITLE Ane Sapieja, a second semester Wellington College arts student, was chosen Miss Canadian University at Waterloo Lutheran University's 10th Annual Winter Carnival, January 30. Two hundred picketers, oraanized bv the Women's Liberation Movement, carried signs and passed out leaflets during the contest, protesting the "exploitation of women" symbolized by beauty contests.

The 19-year-old btue-eyed blonde was selected from among 32 contestants representing other Canadian universities.

Writing in the student newspaper. the Ontarion, Miss Sapieja commented "the good that an event of this sort brings about outweighs the bad, if there be any."

Miss Sapieja, Guelph's 1969 Homecoming Queen, has won several beauty titles including the Miss College Bowl crown last November in Toronto. Prizes she received at the Waterloo pageant include a fur coat, a trip to Mexico ,and the use of a new car for a year.

VET STUDENTS HOLD PROBE With Look-In '70, the university's second annual day of self-examination, soon to be held, OVC students held their own "LookIn" January 24 to examine the role and status of veterinarians in society.

PROBE-An lntrospectlve Look at Veterinary Medicine, was sponsored by the Canadian Veterinary Students' Association, with 200 students, professors and interested spectators attending the day-long program of speakers and panel discussions.

Keynote speaker Dr. E. Soulsby, University of Pennsylvania, described the increasing need for vet specialists and said that the curriculum of veterinary schools will have to change to allow students to sample the numerous areas in which they can specialize.

Following his address the program was split into two panel discussions. John Harney, former English Professor at Guelph and provincial secretary of the New Democratic Party chaired the session examining the need for veterinary medicine and David Spurgeon, science reporter

Alumni News for the Globe and Mail and recent recipient of an honorary degree at Winter Convocation, chaired the second discussion entitled "Veterinary Medicine-Trade or Profession."

Dr. Winegard, addressing the first session, said that students of a professional school should maintain a direct link with the university community, and that the consewative element they represent was very important.

Students and faculty attending the second session agreed that marks were useless but that some form of evaluation was necessary for the issuing of a licence t o practice. Heavy workloads and memory work courses received severe criticism; it was felt that emphasis should be placed on the application of knowledge acquired in lectures.

Appointments A. M. Ross has accepted a re-appointment as Chairman of the Department of English. He is at present on a year's leave for research and writing. Professor Ross came t o Guelph in 1954 after receiving his M.A. from Queen's and doing further postgraduate study at the University of London, England.

Dr. W. S. Young, OAC '49, an extension specialist in OAC's Crop Science Department since 1958, has been appointed t o the newly-formed position of Coordinator of Agricultural Extension and Director of the Diploma Course in Agriculture, effective last July 1. In the latter post, he succeeds Dr. H. W. Caldwell, OAC '51, who

Young

Bean

Cameron

continues as Chairman, Department of Extension Education.

Dr. Young has travelled widely in Canada and abroad t o speak t o farm groups, and t o study research and extension programs. After graduating from OAC, he studied plant breeding. agronomy, rural sociology and extension education at Cornell University from which he took his Ph.D. Eric Cameron, a member of the Department of Fine Art at Leeds University, England, for the past ten years, has been appointed Chairman of the Department of Fine Art, effective last July 1.

He is an established painter whose work has been exhibited in galleries in London and Washington, and is noted as a teacher of painting and a lecturer on art history.

The retiring Chairman, Gordon Couling, continues as a member of the faculty. He had been Chairman since establishment of the Department in 1965.

Wilfred Bean has been appointed VicePresident (Administration) effective January 1, replacing J. B. Millward who held the position since the University was formed. Mr. Bean came t o Guelph from McMaster University, where he had been deputy director of planning and construction, Assistant t o the Vice-President (Administration), and Secretary t o the Board of Governors. A native of Kitchener.

Mr. Bean pursued a career in the RCAF before going t o McMaster. He joined the Air Force in 1939 and served as a pilot, then was promoted in rank until he became Air Vice Marshall in 1962. From 1965 t o 1967 he served as Chief of Staff of the Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force in Germany.

Mr. Millward came t o Guelph in 1965 following his retirement as Air Officer Commanding in the Air Material Command of the Canada Department of National Defence. During his term he oversaw the spending of more than $60 million in new construction of university buildings and facilities. He retired t o his farm in the Eastern Townships of Quebec.

T. K. Warley, an internationally known agricultural economist, has been appointed Chairman of the Department of Agricultural Economics, effective January 1. He has been a reader in agricultural economics at the University of Nottingham, and written a number of papers on such matters as the agricultural effects of Britain's entry into the Common Market, and sewed on organizations such as the United Kingdom Meat and Livestock Commission. Professor Warley spent six months on campus as a visiting professor in 1969.

N.S. CHAPTER DINNER-DANCE The Nova Scotia Chapter of the University of Guelph Alumni Association welcomed University President Dr. W. C. Winegard to their dinner-dance meeting in Truro in November. Fifty-three graduates of the University, representing all four of the f ~ u n d i n ~ ~ c o l l e g eattended. s, Mr. John Babcock. Director of Alumni Affairs and Development, accompanied the President to Nova Scotia.

With D. J. Packman. OAC '48,acting as master of ceremonies, the group enjoyed dinner, following by a sing-song led

by J. E. Shuh, OAC '40. Dr. Winegard was introduced by D. L. Parks, OAC '40. The President brought greetings from the University, outlined some of the more recent developments on campus, and spoke of the University's plans for the coming decade.

Mr. Babcock brought greetings and encouragement from the University of Guelph Alumni Association, and complimented the committee which planned the evening program.

Dr. G. V. M. Mowbray, OVC '60 was named President of the Chapter for 196970, succeeding Douglas J. Packman.

OAC '48. Other officers for the year are: Mr. T. Campbell Gunn, OAC '61, Truro, Vice-President; John T. MacAulay, OAC '61. Truro, Secretary-Treasurer. Directors are: Dr. Gordon G. Finley, OVC '67, Truro; Mrs. Colin E. Wykes (Diane Rowlings), Mac '64, Bedford; and Paul D. Van Loon, Well '69, Halifax.

OlTAWA CHAPTER PARTY Russ Jackson's pummelling of the Saskatchewan Roughriders blended nicely with the University of Guelph Alumni Association Ottawa Chapter's wine and cheese party held Grey Cup evening.

Seventy-five alumni, wives and family attended the party, organized by Sandy Jacques and her committee. During the dance, football fans awaited the awarding of numerous door prizes, which appropriately included the biography of Ottawa quarterback, Jackson.

OVC ANNUAL MEETING The OVC Alumni Association annual meeting was held this year in conjunction with the Ontario Veterinary Association meeting at the Skyline Hotel, Ottawa, January 28.

Retiring President Dr. W. G. Whittick '55 chaired the meeting and received an inscribed silver tray from the members in appreciation of his fine term of office.

P. C. Matthews

Dr. Whittick b n d s over the gave4 to Dr, T. L. Jones at OWtAnnual Meeting as Dr. Nowefb Lmks on.

Dr. 7. t. Jon& '34 was eEwted ta su~cd Dr. *hittick as PrePresidRnt for the coming year. a h e r o@c@r$for 197O are: Hanorary Presldenb, Dr. D. G. Howell, Gudpk Wse.President, Dr.T. 1 , Henderson '59. St. Hyacinth, P.Q; SecreQry-TreaSurn, Dr. D. W. Rb 6aitey '54, Burlingtan.

Board of Di~mtanmembers are: Dr. J. C, Mclsaac "55,Regina; Df, W. D. Pemwn '40,Va~oulrer;Dr. D. W. R. Bailey ??A, -

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Burlington; Dr. J. W . Waye '55, H ~ Qr. H. J. Neeley "51, Giuelph; Dr. F. D. Homey "51,Fueiph; Dr. H. Henry '31, knc%n, N.P.; Or. A. R MIWn "5amrt. muth, NS.; Dr. A. k?. M h n e r '38,Mksr Winois; Dr?V. W. Ruth '31. Lamsdale, Penfi~yftlania; L G: Andersrtrr '36, Bucks, En@rrnd; Dr. C. G. Gay '60, Vi&wia, Australia.

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E#ih F, ManStt. O W '4% has k e n apPbfagd Mafkettng ~ ~ KSecr&@@, ~ Danada ~ Erains C~uneil,Winnipeg, Prior to RiS appaifitwent he the * c e . ~ a ~ of~ ~ n the Qn@pllrl~ hxl Cattncil,

R. Mom oAcp39e has been elected WiLChatrrman of the Board d Geneca College of Applied artยง and Technology. Simse graduation he has worked fbr ths Canadian Brocadasting Chrporaaon 4nd is cu:wcnnr.lythe Dirwtor of Nret1 work Planning.

Dr. MatthewsMade President at Waterloo The announcement that Burton C. Ma%thews,OAC "47, has aceept-ed the position of President ot the University of Waterloo. effgcxive July 1, meavs that one 0.f the major designers of the new Lfniversity at Guelph will leave this Campus, WwPreYtdent (Academic) 'since 1%6, shortly after the Unibemity of Okelph was krmed,, Dr. Matthew earned an enviable reputation, ยงa# President W. C. Winegard.

"I have the greatest respect ?or his abitlties am4 I Rnaw W~etilruohas mads the right chaice."

As academic Vice-Presiident, he has played a signifiwnt mle iln 'rormulating and administering policies designed to Mablish our new "bid" Univerdty an a swund academb foundation. He has reesnfby wted as Chairman of the Acadetmic Mrniriistrative Or@nfzttton icarnrnitree. ~ W c hreviewed the suitability and e v e timess ~b the "C~llege" system af organization. With the ameptance by Senate af , the msriar portion of that t20rnmitteee6 repart. the ClnTverSity is nctw taumeh& into tke 9 m n d phsse of its long-term d6velopment. b. Matthews majored in soil okmlstry at O M . After graduate study at the University of Mismuri and Cornell Univ W @ , where he recfeiwd his A,M. and -

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1Ph.D. deg'Yc?es, respestiwly, he rekurned k~ QAC in 1952 as a faculty member in the kpsrkmrnt of Soil Science. We beeme head of the Bepadmerrt in 19@, the parsftion he held until being appointed Vim* President [Acade'mie). In 1966,before taking up his new position, he mztde a special study leading tQ r ~ r n m a ~ a f i o n s on the ~rganizatiDnand operatkm of OAC"s resgart;h brms.

Dr. M a t t h 'hvs ~ ~ hed a dis$inguishd academic carwr. He was warded an Agricultural Institute of Cmada shejarship for psst graduate sWdie$ in 1947, a Cornell Un+v~rsitysch@krrship in 1950 and a Nuffleld FQundatlanP o s t - m m b 'FelIswblp in 1960. He has p,ubliSlred th'isty sd&ifia papers and several PBcknieal buJletins. Dr. Mehews is married1 kq the former Lois Lewis of Cltfawa and they have two sans.

U.ndauWly, Dr. Matthew is looking torward to the fresh challenges that hi's new posilon will b r i n e h e has always thrimd on tough going, whether it was on the footbll fieldk In the research kakratory ar Sn the adrnlmistrative effiee. Just as certainty, h~ will make a Sighificant aontributim to Zhe devefopment of a great univarsikg at Waterlp~.Hs go= with the best wishes oT his present ~alleagues.

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MEW APPOINTEES T0 BOARD OF GCNERNORS Paul Matthew, We11 '@, 23-year-uld Tormta te&cher and chaffer class graduate of Wellingtan .CTolleg%and Eionlan Maling, a prominent iabar union offi'oiaJ, have bBtwl appointed to the university's Board af OoX/mors.

Lawrence Ken, 0AC '29,aT Chatham has been reappointed to s third t m . All three will sit an the t.o@nduntil J'ne, 1972.

Mr. Mmhtlws, Rrgsidsnt of *he Welllngtan College Alumnl Association, teaches English sEow learners st Humhrgmw Vwatiunal School. He is aka a staff sponsDr of the xhool's Student council and a representative to the Ontario Secondary M o a t TeachersFFgderatien.

He attentied Etabicake pulblic s;h6ols a d Royal York ColVegiate and hes w r k & with retarded and semF~mMrdeUchnldren for the Etobtmke &creation rkpartrnent, Whik attending the Unkemity he wras active In student @vefinrnmt and served a term as Class President.

Mr. Watthews is tmking forward to his term and feels that his new role fs "an axciting am," Hbt said that he was very pImsM1to see the inelusicsr of a rment graduate and a labor man on &e board.

He d d e d that earliw i n his university career he ha& emvisaged h r d members as "stMgy old m&" but that he RUW lap-

Letters preciated the fact that they were "pretty capable guys."

Mr. Milling, the second new appointee, is a native of Lindsay. Ontario. He graduated from the University of Toronto in 1950 with a B.A. in politics and economics, and is the research director for the United Steelworkers of America. He holds positions in a number of labor and welfare organizations and has written many articles for labor publications. He is the Vice-chairman of the Canadian Labor Congress committee on automation and technological change; treasurer of the Toronto labor committee for human rights and a member of the Pension Committee of Ontario, the Ontario Mental Health Foundation, the Canadian Pension Conference and the Board of the Sault Ste. Marie Group Health Association.

Mr. Milling said that although he was a "U or T man" he was very interested in the University of Guelph-h~s brother Harold graduated from OAC in 1957.

Describing himself as a student activist while at Toronto, Mr. Milling said, however, that "changes in governing structures are not necessarily the cure-all to the problems of universities." He added that some changes are probably necessary but that a willingness to try and understand other viewpoints was much more important.

Retiring from the Board are Fred Kingsmill, OAC '51 and Dr. Gerald Stirk, ovc '43.

LET'S HAVE MORE It is, indeed, to quote your article on Guelph and the world, "too late to ignore the facts", I am glad that you ran two articles on the University's international involvement in the Fall 1969 Alumnus.

Might I suggest a series of articles and features on the international concerns at the University? We have dozens of faculty and students with overseas experience and ambitious plans for becoming more involved in a range of international activities. The alumni, with their abiding interest in the University's development, ought to be kept informed of this evolution.

J. C. M. Shute Assistant Professor

YOU FORGOT ZAMBIA I wish to thank you for sending the December issue of the Guelph Alumnus with the review of the reports of alumni overseas. However, I was disappointed to read that in your list of graduates (alumni) by country, that Zambia was not mentioned. There are at least two in Zambia; Mr. Lee Holland and myself, besides perhaps others whom I do not know about.

One thing came forcibly to mind as I was reading this report. It was a one-way street, i.e. all reports from graduates living outside Canada. I think a valuable con-

tribution could have been made by overseas students who are now in University of Guelph and who are planning on returning to their respective countries to live and work there. Possibly this idea was considered and laid aside for valid reasons.

Another factor that was not mentioned in the report was the growing concern on the part of leaders in this part of the world with the spiritual vacuum that an increasing number of people are living in.

Leaders such as President Nyerere of Tanzania and President Kaunda of Zambia are very concerned. They see through the surface benefits of material affluence and are greatly concerned about the inner man. President Kaunda has wrestled with this in his philosophy of "Humanism".

This is also highlighted in the recent book "The High Price of Principles" by Richard Hall (an outline and evaluation of Dr. Kaunda's confrontation with Rhodesia).

James R. Stockton OAC 59 Your point about overseas students here at Guelph is well taken. You will notice that some of the grad students featured in this issue are from overseas, and we were most impressed with their abilities and enthusiasm. Just how many plan to return to their homelands, and how many are thinking of remaining in Canada is an interesting question we hope to pursue in a future issue.

Editor.

UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH ALUMNI ASSOCIATION HONORARY PRESIDENT: Dr. W. C. Winegard.

PRESIDENT: Mrs. W. A. (Dorothy Anderson) James, Mac '34.

SENIOR VICE-PRESIDENT: P. W. Couse. OAC '46.

VICE-PRESIDENTS: Mrs. F. R. (Jean Keeler) Chapple, Mac '55; P. D. Ferguson, Well '68; P. M. Lindley, OAC '57; Dr. V. C. R. Walker, OVC '47.

SECRETARY: Dr. M. D. Harlow, OVC '48.

TREASURER: J. J. Elmslie, Development Officer, University of Gueiph.

DIRECTORS: R. G. Bennett, OAC '43; Dr. Joan Budd, OVC '50; Mrs. B. W. (Eleanor Rose) Chambers, Mac '57; F. T. Cowan, OAC '65; T. R. Hilliard, OAC '40; Mrs. M. S. (Linda Sully)

The Guelph Alumnus is published by the Department of Alumni Affairs and Development, University of Guelph.

The Editorial Committee is comprised of Editor-J. E. Bates, OAC '60, Alumni Officer; Art Director-Prof.

K. E. Chamberlain; J. K. Babcock, OAC '54, Director of Alumni Affairs and Development; D. L. Waterston, Director of Information; D. W. Jose, OAC '49, Assistant Dlrector of Information; Editorial Assistant-D. A. Bates, OAC '69, Assistant Alumni Officer.

Keith, Well '67; Mrs. D. J. (Jean Kellough) King, Mac '52; Dr. D. S. Macdonald, OVC '57; Helen M. McKercher, Mac '30; Julie A. Whelan, Well '68; Catherine G. M. Woodburn, Well '68.

EX-OFFICIO DIRECTORS: Dr. T. L. Jones, OVC '34, President, OVC Alumni Association; P. C. Matthews, Well '68, President, Wellington College Alumni Association; Dr. W. H. Minshall, OAC '33. President. OAC Alumni Association; David Simpson, President. University of Guelph Students' Union; Miss Annette Yeager. Mac '62, President, Macdonald Institute Alumnae Association; J. K. Babcock, OAC '54, Director, Alumni Affairs and Development.

The Editorial Advisory Board of the University of Guelph Alumni Association: Glenn Powell, OAC '62, Chairman; Dr. A. E. Austin, Dept. of English; J. Ferris, Student; A. R. J. Marr, Well '68. Ex-Officio: J. K. Babcock, OAC '54 and Mrs. W. A. James. Mac '34.

Undelivered copies should be returned to Alumni House, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Coming Events April 24 - 25

OAC ALUMNI SEMINAR

May 1- 1 6

GUELPH SPRING FESTIVAL Tickets: Box 1090, Guelph May 1

Guelph Light Opera Company Chorus May 3 Official opening, Beethoven Exhibition May 4 National Arts Centre Orchestra May 6 Claude Frank, recital Orford String Quartet, Claude Frank May 7 May 9 Toronto Dance Theatre Orford String Quartet May 11 May 14-16 The Village Barber, comic opera

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May 8 9

MAC ALUMNAE SEMINAR

May 26 - 29

SPRING CONVOCATIONS

June 19 - 2 1

OAC-MAC ALUMNI WEEKEND

October 17

HOMECOMING 1970