// ARCH 704_Machine Myrmecomorphy: artificial ecology & augmented mimicry University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design Spring 2020
//ARCH 704_Spring 2020
// Instructor: Karel Klein, Assistant Instructor: Ryan Barnette
// content /introduction... 4 /muniments... 6 /research... 8 /site... 12 /project 01... 18 /project 02... 42 /project 03... 70 /project 04... 92 /project 05... 114 /image credits/reading list... 140 /final review jury... 142
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// introduction
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“Late twentieth-century machines have made thoroughly ambiguous the difference between natural and artificial, mind and body, self-developing and externally designed, and many other distinctions that used to apply to organisms and machines. Our machines are disturbingly lively, and we ourselves frighteningly inert.� - Donna Haraway
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// muniments
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// research
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** The student work shown here is the product of ongoing research using AI and style-transfer networks. This semester’s work pivots from an earlier focus on questions concerning machine-human collaboration in the design of architecture to a closer investigation of the peculiar, tendentious qualities these AI produced images possess. We looked to mimicry, described by Roger Caillois in “Mimicry and Legendary Psychasthenia” as notions of behavioral excess and material luxury, terms borrowed from George Bataille in his writing “The Accursed Share.” We sought to employ the AI to develop strange, new sets of artificial features in order to develop speculative proposals that engage ideas of artificial nature, density and new ideas of the sublime using Death Valley, CA as the site for our proposals. **
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** Style-transfer networks were tasked to integrate and hybridize biological and architectonic features toward the formation of uncanny specimens as a site to speculate about the scale, function and material fabrication of such features. In addition, preconceived notions about the relationships between features, edges, figure, and ground begin to be reconsidered here. **
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// site
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** The site for this studio is the strange landscape of Death Valley, CA. The students traveled to the site and hiked through the diverse, otherworldly terrain including Salt Creek, Badwater Basin, Devil’s Hole, Artist’s Palette, and the curious moving rocks in Racetrack Playa. It is within this vast and enigmatic environment that students proposed artificial landscapes consisting of large curiously featured grounds and architectural spaces that emerge and dissolve between the existing and proposed “natures”. **
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// project 01 {STUDENTS: KATARINA MARJANOVIC & ALEX WAGA}
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*gemmifera coleoptera (n.) the analysis of the gemmifera coleoptera shows the breakdown of the specimen’s parts, and how these parts function harmoniously while giving the specimen certain capabilities that it has adapted over time within its native environment. Looking at the two main components of the specimen, the head and appendage, we can understand how all of its parts come together in a specified area. The flexible, pinkish vessels in the head and on the arm allow the specimen to capture and absorb nutrients providing the specimen with optimal functionality that is dispersed throughout the body as a whole. The gray structures provide a rigidity not only for protection against decay and degradation, but also to keep these main pinkish areas in tact as they have become the specimen’s most critical components. While allowing the specimen to achieve a great sense of tactility, these structural components come together at ball and socket joints, much like that of a shoulder, to allow for maximum movement throughout the appendage. They allow the specimen to move forward, dig below the surface, or even lift off the surface to traverse over impeding objects. // Instructor: Karel Klein, Assistant Instructor: Ryan Barnette
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// project 02 {TIAN ZHANG & MO SHEN}
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Head
Thorax
Machine Skeleton
Abdomen
*amazonian miscellaneous epandeur (n.)
Reptilian Bio-Skeleton
Malpighian Tubes
Exo-Shell
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a hybrid creature of biological rainforest elements and functioning machine parts. It is to be considered as a micro ecosystem of its own. Living in a competitive environment, the fusion of the biological and mechanical features of the Épandeur mutate into unique body parts to protect itself. Multiple heads and ocelli enable a full vision around it. Metallic exoskeleton and hard reptile wings warps around fragile part of the Épandeur. Features like external genitalia deposit microorganisms to rapidly alter its surrounding for its own benefit. With the mobility of both moving on land and in shallow water, it is an apex predator. text text text text text text text text text text text text // 49
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Bio-artificial Incubator
Nesting inside the tunnels and invading to the Death Valley, the incubators are the generators of the artificial nature. They connect to the research lab nearby and they are constantly depositing and recollecting substances reshaping the salt basin site.
Passageway Tunnel
The merging and separating passageways are composed of several artificial tunnels. They are both the architectural frame of the research center and infrastructural for a larger network spreading out to the Death Valley. By using a combination of concrete and pervious salt rocks of the natural salt basin, all the passageways together also act as experimentation fields of the research center.
Death Valley Ground
The artificial ground extending to the underground of the existing site, intertwining with energy pipes and research excavation tunnels, it becomes a new root system inhabiting research programs and supporting the foundation of the architecture.
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Pervious Carapace
The shell wraps around the passage tunnel that acts as experimental testing field where the reconfigured salt and sand materials are burst out of the incubator and deployed on the surface. The pervious structure allows them to be recollect at the bottom.
Bio-artificial Incubator
Nesting inside the passageway frame, this bio-engine controled by artificial intelligence collects natural sand, volcanic deposits, and microorganisms to produce, test, and observe the artifical nature within the research field.
Observation Deck
It is on the edge of the passageway where the original Death Valley geology meets the artificial nature. Researchers and visitors are inside the artificial ecosystem and looking out to the sub-tropical and desert landscape of the salt basin.
Death Valley Ground
The root system served as infrastructural tunnels are embedded into the existing salt basin ground. By have access to speicemens from different depths enables researchers to study the ever-changing behaviors of the Death Valley geology.
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// project 03 {DANIEL KNEE}
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HYBRID MODULATOR
Brain
Nucleus of the specimen’s central nervous system; here, all the voluntary and involuntary biological sequences are controlled and signaled from. Hybridity is of great importance in this area so as to support, yet also protect the vital material.
Armor
At the intersection of head and core, the armor supports the joint of two major components of the specimen’s body. The highly intricate armor acts as a sort of neck brace which allows two castly different systems to meet; as a result it is hollow to a degree.
Gill
The gill implies amphibious nature within the specimen. It is capable of consuming the fluids other than oxygen which the specimen encounters and then passes these along towards the center of the body, where they can be broken down to further aid secondary bodily functions.
Membrane Scope
The scope has two primary functions which pertain to the securing of prey as well as the utilization of nutrients and other important fluid intake. It uses visual perception to lock into prey and then releases a gelatinous “goo” which captures and breaks down the detained.
The membrane is, scientifically, considered both structural and intestinal; that is, its interlocking with the core locks the body into pace, while the slippage between the two allows digested foods and other intake to pass from the central shaft into the outer extremities of the body.
Armature Core
The core is both skeletal as well as active in its role in the specimen’s body. Its cylindrical shape serves as the specimen’s spine while its interiority processes consumed fluids and solids and passes them along from the head.
Calcified elements throughout the wing loosely define the shape and structure of the materials which fill the spaces in between.
Skin
The porous material which drapes the armature and infills the spaces between it, protecting the internal organs found throughout the wing and, much like the rudder’s webbing, capturing air and achieving lift upon flight of the specimen.
Rudder
The slight variations in orientation of the rudder hep determine directionality in movement, i.e. it serves to steer the specimen, including during flight. Its structure is served by webbing which captures air in its pocket.
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Cranium
The protective skeletal layer of the head which supports the nervous system’s sensitive material. It is the foremost part of the specimen’s skull.
Cerebrum
The nervous fibers which compose much of the electrical signal dispersed from the brain.
Processing Chip
The intricate, rigid structure filters information generated by the cerebrum and disperses it accordingly throughout the body.
Gill
Another example of auxiliary intake along the neck region of the specimen. The gill supports the respiratory system by breaking down helpful particles which arrive in forms other than gas molecules.
Scilia
The fibrous tendriles which allow the specimen to smell. The hair-like structures also help filter the outside air as it passes through the many intake holes and fluid chutes.
Sensory Fluid
This “goo” is released from the scope and spread into the surrounding environment. It is multi-functional in that it sends an electrical signal back through the scope when it encounters prey, and it aso has acidic qualities that physically capture the prey and begin the digestive process outside of the body.
Exchange Zone
A close-up shot of the membrane and the passage of bodily fluids from the central core to the outer areas of the skin and wing.
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Directional Wing
The directional wing has a unique purpose, acting as a sort of dorsal fin and complementing the complexity and size of the larger opposite area which achieves lift. The directional wing and the rudder are akin to the rotors of a helicopter.
Intake
One of several minute openings through which the specimen consumes its nutrients in either solid, liquid, or gaseous form.
Fluid Chute
Similar to intake, the fluid chutes are local to the armor. They provide relative flexibility on this otherwise rigid area and allow a certain aerodynamicism, hence the understanding of this opening as one that allows the movement of fluid.
Webbing
The lightweight, soft material that fills in the gaps between the more structural elements of the rudder. Much like a wing, the webbing resists air molecules and affects the specimen’s flight path.
Energy Discharge
An example of an appendage point at which heat and light are exuded as a result of the processes preceding it internally and externally.
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*hybrid modulator (n.) this specimen feeds off of its environment, extracting nutrients from its surroundings in the form of minerals and organic material. Its exchange chambers facilitate a phase change in the extracted material which it then disperses throughout itself and puts to various subsequent uses, including as hunting goo which it uses to entrap prey. This exchange mimics the extraction of minerals from the soil of mycelium, which ultimately grows throughout the subsequent project’s synthetic nature until a buildup of pressure forces its release as spores which attract new birds and insects to Death Valley
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Salt Formations Strange and unusua rock-like formations whose crystalline molecular structures result in the emergent patterns, flanked with veins.
Filtration Pools Protruding earth formations on this even plane disrupt the flow of salt through Salt Creek and extract it.
Striated Coils These artificial installations break down the scale of Salt Creek’s landscape, allowing flora and fauna to emerge in new patterns to the area.
Stratified Formations The stratified formations operate similarly to the striated coils but subtractively rather than additively - their emergence occurs embedded within large rock formations.
Salt Basin Salt basins found within this site serve as retainment areas for salt flowing through the area that can be used for research and artistic purposes.
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ROOF GARDEN Striated platforms embedded into the landscape that house subterranean space below. EVENT SPACE Flanked by heavy earth and open spaces, the event area operates in an exciting state of flux.
LOBBY Visitors enter the lobby from either the north or south by descending into the terrain.
MEZZANINE The mezzanine allows a moment of awe and respite as its artificial features protrude from the earthen surroundings.
RESEARCH FACILITY A designated portion of the complex with dedicated spaces for observing and analyzing the wonders of Death Valley.
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ROOFSCAPE
RESEARCH FACILITY
PUBLIC SPACES
ARTIFICIAL GROUND
NATURAL GROUND
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// project 04 {NAHYE SHIN & CHENGYANG WANG}
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*technoid insectile cyborg (n.) a cyborg beetle which is capable of detecting the narrow or dangerous space. It gathers information and distributes the data to the humans. Its large head consists of a large brain and lungs to facilitate the computation. It is a highly developed form of intelligence with implanted computing AI ability, it is capable of making decisions by itself based on its feeling of the surroundings, and rationalizing those decisions by computing and analyzing data. This beetle is friendly to humans, also cooperates with the rescue team at the disaster scene. Normally it operates with an energy fueled engine, converted from nutrients. As its biomechanical engine is combined with a digestive organ, it is also considered to be a warm blooded animal that feeds on small insects and grains. It captures preys with the tentacle located near its mouth and extracts their fluid and to consume energy and sustain its bio-mechanical state. // Instructor: Karel Klein, Assistant Instructor: Ryan Barnette
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// project 05 {IN PUN & HEYAN XU}
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*retiform water strider (n.) -this specimen is characterized by it inhabitation of a humid, waterside environment. The specimen develops unique features to adapt to nature. “Water strider� indicates this specimen is a predator walking on the water. Its unique webbing shape structure can help it move across the water by contracting and expanding, also providing limited movement for its skeleton due to its porous structure. After a long period of adaptation to such a harsh environment, the specimen has evolved hard translucent shells to protect its soft organization. Those features help the retiform water strider become an aquatic overlord.
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// image credits & course reading list
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Image Credits p. 3 _ p. 5 _ p. 7 _ p. 9 _ p. 11_
p. 14_ p. 15_ p. 17_ p. 19-41_ p. 43-69_ p. 71-91_ p. 93-113_ p. 115-139_
Karel Klein & Sandra Nataf Karel Klein & Ryan Barnette (clockwise from top left) Colin Daponte, Joanna Ptak, Xunxun Zhou, Elham Goodarzi, Patrick Danahy & David Forrero (top left) Simon Shim (https://web.500px.com/photo/18056661/Longhorn-Beetle-by-Simon-Shim/), remaining images: Karel Klein & Ryan Barnette (top row, left to right) Daniel Knee, Katarina Marjanovic & Alex Waga, In Pun & Heyan Xu, Mo Shen & Tian Zhang (second row, left to right) In Pun & Heyan Xu, Nahye Shin & Chengyang Wang, In Pun & Heyan Xu, Daniel Knee (third row, left to right) Katarina Marjanovic & Alex Waga, Mo Shen & Tian Zhang, Katarina Marjanovic & Alex Waga, Nahye Shin & Chengyang Wang (bottom row, left to right) Chengyang Wang, In Pun & Heyan Xu, Daniel Knee, Mo Shen & Tian Zhang Ryan Barnette Ryan Barnette (clockwise from top left) Nahye Shin & Chengyang Wang, In Pun & Heyan Xu, Mo Shen & Tian Zhang, Daniel Knee Katarina Marjanovic & Alex Waga Mo Shen & Tian Zhang Daniel Knee Nahye Shin & Chengyang Wang In Pun & Heyan Xu
Reading List 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
Bataille, Georges. The Accursed Share, An Essay on General Economy. Zone Books, 1988. Bloom, Harold. The Anxiety of Influence. Oxford University Press, 1997. Bowring, Jacky. “Revealing Concealment: The Strange Case of the MoMA Roof Garden.” Thresholds. No. 30. (Fall 200), The MIT Press. pp 16-23. Caillois, Roger. “Mimicry and Legendary Psychasthenia.” October vol. 31. (Winter, 1984), The MIT Press. pp 16-32. Fried, Michael. Art and Objecthood: Essays and Reviews. U of Chicago, 2011. Flusser, Vilem. Towards a Philosophy of Photography. Reaktion Books, 2000. Gatys, Leon A., Alexander S. Ecker, and Matthias Bethge. “A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style.” 10 Dec. 2017. Harman, Graham. Weird Realism: Lovecraft and Philosophy. Zero Books, 2012. Latour, Bruno. Down to Earth: Politics in the New Climatic Regime. Polity Press, 2018. May, John. “Everything Is Already an Image.” LOG 40. S.l.: ANYONE CORPORATION, 2017. pp 9-26. Metz, Cade. “How A.I. is Creating Building Blocks to Reshape Music and Art.” The New York Times. 14 Aug. 2017. Roberts, Donna. “Surrealism and Natural History: The Marvellous in Breton and Caillois” David Hopkins (ed.). A Companion to Dada and Surrealism. Wiley and Blackwell, 2016. Roberts, Donna. “Surrealism: The Ecological Imperative” Michael Richardson and Krzsztof Fijalkowski (eds.) Surrealism: Key Concepts. London: Routledge, 2016. Shklovsky, Victor. “Art as Technique” English translation: pg 15-21 Literary Theory: An Anthology. Blackwell Pub, 2004. Spuybroek, Lars. The Sympathy of Things. Bloomsbury Academic, 2nd Edition. 2016. Trigg, Dylan. The Memory of Place: A Phenomenology of the Uncanny. Ohio University Press, 2013. Withy, Katherine. Heidegger on Being Uncanny. Harvard University Press, 2015. Benjamin, Walter. “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.” Illuminations. Schocken, 1969. Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. British Broadcasting Corporation and Penguin, 2008. Freud, Sigmund. The Uncanny. Penguin Books. Haraway, Donna Jeanne. A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-feminism in the Late Twentieth Century. 2009. Heidegger, Martin, and William Lovitt. The Question concerning Technology, and Other Essays. HarperCollins, 2013. Herreros, Juan, and Jesus Vassallo. Seamless: Digital Collage and Dirty Realism in Contemporary Architecture. 2016.
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Winka Dubbeldam: Ella Warren Shafer Miller Professor and Chair, Director of Advanced Research and Innovation Lab, University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design Founder, Archi-Tectonics Ferda Kolatan: Associate Professor of Practice, University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design Visiting Associate Professor, Pratt Institute Founding Director, su11 Simon Kim: Associate Professor, University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design Principal, IbaĂąez Kim Robert Stuart Smith: Assistant Professor, University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design Kutan Ayata: Senior Lecturer, University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design Founding Partner, Young & Ayata Brian DeLuna: Lecturer, University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design Mark Foster Gage: Associate Professor, Yale University School of Architecture Founder, Mark Foster Gage Architects Patricia Olynyk: Chair of MFA in Visual Art & Florence and Frank Bush Professor of Art,Washington University Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts Co-Director, Leonardo/ISAST NY LASER program in New York Elena Manferdini: Chair of Graduate Architecture, Southern California Institute of Architecture Principal and Owner, Atlier Manferdini Barry Wark: Teaching Fellow in Architectural Design, UCL Bartlett School of Architecture Founder, Biophile Ariane Harrison Visiting Associate Professor, Pratt Institute Graduate Architecture & Urban Design David Ruy Chair of Postgraduate Programs, Southern California Institute of Architecture Partner, Ruy Klein Maya Alam Lecturer, University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design Founding Partner, Alam/Profeta Michael Osman Associate Professor, University of California Los Angeles Architecture & Urban Design
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// thank you!
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