Living City Design Competition

Page 1

4

big moves

SYMBIOTIC DISTRICTS PORTLAND TOWARDS A BALANCED CITY Leverage Points

lloyd

1 2 3 4

a

Repurposing the Big Box

b

Re-envisioning Main Street

1

Rich street life: shifting right of way from autos to pedestrians and bikes

2

Green Infrastructure: conveying water, connecting habitat, growing food, and processing waste

3

Net zero energy and water: connecting energy and water sources and uses across the district

4

Urban agriculture: growing on green spaces, greenways, rooftops and green walls

Gateway

GATEWAY EcoDISTRICT 1

gateway

Local farmers manage garden plots Water flows freely and is reused for irrigation Trails connect to city-wide network People have community spaces to gather in natural areas

4 b

university district

a

south waterfront

lents 2

feasting on freeways

b

transforming highways to green spaces and agricultural production

3

7PETALS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 beauty

equity

materials

health

energy

water

Neighborhoods are the right scale to accelerate sustainability ­– small enough to innovate quickly and big enough to have meaningful impact. Their varied behavior and characteristics are a asset providing resources to share across a city. For example, a district with ample sun exposure can fuel a downtown that consumes more than its solar potential. Together, they create balance and a city in symbiosis whose sum is greater than its parts.

site

four big moves

existing site conditions

putting the streets to work above and below the surface

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5

EcoDISTRICTS

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1 university district

2 south waterfront

3 lloyd district

4 lents

5 gateway

An urban, higher education district that provides a bounty of thought leadership, demonstration and innovation power, and resource capacity to support the city; it lacks student housing, a retail core, open space and an ability to provide its own energy, food, or water.

A new high-density, brownfield redevelopment is anchored by a regional medical research facility that is a model for sustainability and health and its community of high rise residential living minimize individual resource footprints; though walkable and open, the area suffers from a poor connection to the city, limited space dedicated to producing food, and the lack of a retail core with a dynamic mix of uses and affordable housing.

A mid rise office district in the central east side with excellent transit access and a well organized business community committed to investing in its future; it suffers from lack of residential buildings that create mixed-use activity or a culture of place or diversity due to the dominance of large-business and institutions.

A low density, low income, and diverse residential area in outer east Portland that suffers from years of poor urban planning and frequent flooding. With recent investments to improve the historic town center, transportation access, watershed health and urban farming, Lents has the potential to become a new model for suburban sustainability.

A former low-density suburb lies at the nexus of the region’s transportation system allowing it to hold on to the retail services that support its local residential communities and has an abundance of vacant land to manage and treat stormwater and provide urban habitat and food production; the neighborhood’s diverse immigrant populations are not integrated and a freeway severs the district’s connection to nearby residential neighborhoods

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CH2M Hill | David Evans and Associates | Greenworks PC | Newlands and Company, Inc. | Portland State University, Institute for Sustainable Solutions | Sparling

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Living City Design Competition 2.1.2011

Gateway Gateway Gateway

of

Ro

source use


down to earth

letting water in and nature out

leverage points

0% pervious

softer touch living infrastructure

Bold infrastructure interventions build towards a city living in balance. The redevelopment of a main street at the site of a regional transit station provides a rich street life based on pedestrians, bicycles, and public transport. Urban greenways created from abandoned freeways and green streets provide a new green city infrastructure for habitat, food, water and waste. In a net-zero energy and water community, local fuels power nodes of district energy that couple efficient mixed-use structures, and neighborhood water utilities capture, clean and reuse water arriving from the sky. The urban greenways, roof gardens, living walls, and use of the in between green spaces allow agriculture to be embedded into the community.

47% pervious

Residential buildings use excess heat captured from supermarket refrigeration systems Geothermal conditioning loops extend across the neighborhood below ground connecting to heat pumps in buildings People, bikes, trains and buses dance in a multimodal system on streets where cars are prohibited Renewable energy production (solar and wind) integrates into the urban fabric

62% pervious

1

2 3

“Thyme for change� holistic apothecary supports community health Charging stations power electric vehicles

4 5 6

Systems for retention, detention and conveyance create an integrated stormwater network

Organic wastes are anaerobically digested to produce energy

Rooftop container gardens grow organic vegetables Rain gardens, swales, and runnels capture, clean, and convey water Big box supermarket functions like produce, bakery, fish, poultry, meat, and dairy are oriented to outdoor public spaces and function like smaller individual markets

7 8

9

A repurposed big box store serves as community center and public market Excess heat from refrigeration systems is captured for use in surrounding residential Building integrated solar and wind generation helps power the neighborhood

10 Buildings have full views of nature, people, and activity

13

11 Local farmers manage garden plots

14

People have community spaces to gather in natural areas

17 Wild greenspace supports biodiversity

15

Local venders sell local food

18 Two lanes of freeway serve long-distance trips

12

Water flows freely and is reused for irrigation

Trails connect to city-wide network

16 Students study natural systems at work

19 Transit and trails serve local trips

22 Organic and local markets provide high-quality foods

20 Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)

23 Integrated bike parking and strategically located

building plans

bike rentals serve commuters and residents

harness energy 21 Residents grow food on rooftops and on

26 Cycle track porous pavement soaks up rainwater

24 Stormwater planters connect to bump-out

outdoor terraces

25 Community toolsheds integrate into ground level

27 Back end parking on porous pavment

rain gardens and open space swales

10 9 8 7 20

6

21 5 1

3

2

18 19

22

14

12 17

25 15 16

4

11

13

23

26

no more silent giants

feasting on freeways

a breath of fresh air

A regional transit station with buses, light rail, and streetcar deserves more than surface lots serving big boxes. Such large expanses of asphalt are ideal for new housing that brings people closer to transit and accommodates new models for small business. Imagine transforming a super block leftover from a Home Depot by transecting it with walkable green streets that serve bikes, people, urban agriculture, and treat stormwater while repurposing the building for a school, community center, or marketplace. The rooftops alone of this repurposed big box location can produce up to 4,400,000 kWh per year with solar power that would meet the electrical energy needs of 790 households (assuming an average daily use of 15 kWh).

How would you eat up an eight lane freeway? Six lanes of asphalt are digested into a greenway for biking, walking, and urban agriculture. Stormwater flows into runnels next to the remaining two lanes to be collected, treated and reused as freshwater in the neighborhood. Less pollution from less traffic makes the new natural corridor ideal for a set of plots for growing fruit and vegetables or producing dairy. Vendors serve food sourced from 100 feet away. Have you ever tasted a quarter mile carrot? With regional transit and improved bikeways, all Portland residents can access this greenway sans freeway.

Imagine going from an environment full of asphalt and fast moving traffic to a place for bees, bikes, babies, and birds. What would that place be like? It would be an ecologically supportive environment teeming with the most vulnerable residents of our planet. It is filled with pedestrians, bicyclists and public transport replacing autos. Copenhagen reminds us that bicyclists are not part of transport, they are part of public life. We have accommodations for commuter bicyclists and eight year olds out with their grandparents. One could imagine that every drop of water that falls on main street stays on main street or leaves cleaner than when it fell. In that sense, it defines an incremental watershed in anticipation of its role in developing a fully functioning EcoDistrict over a period of time. It is, simply, a place you would rather be that is good for you.

repurposing the big box

transforming highways to green spaces and agricultural production

re-envisioning main street

27 24


1

SITE restoring a healthy coexistence with nature

Site instills a deep appreciation for place. Retail and residential uses intertwine around the regional transit system, building community in places that connect across the city. Vacant and underutilized land is used for its best purpose, housing retail services to support district communities or building natural refuges for habitat or food production. Dedicated natural spaces work to clean air and grow resources, safe from human interference.

source

1

city of portland

gateway

lents

lloyd district

south waterfront

university district

use

ns

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cente

c o nde

2

your f

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limits of growth Concentrate new development onto centers + corridors Preserve prime agriculture and forest lands with growth boundaries that separate urban and rural development

urban agriculture Cultivate backyards, rooftops and terraces to grow food for individuals and households

kn o w

Create community with shared plots, communal food and community gardens Provide food and teach skills to job-seekers, low-income residents and students through school gardens and locally-grown food banks.

3

e bees

ds

+ th

Support local markets of produce grown by local farmers.

work to

the bir

4

today

habitat exchange Drastically reduce freeway lanes to create continuous space for wild and domesticated animals Connect watersheds and natural areas with ribbons of habitat

car free living Provide transit options for short to long trips with options for light rail, bus and streetcar

walk

Connect a mix of uses and pathways through geographically appropriate infrastructure Accommodate all levels of users in bicycle networks and grade-separated pathways

Living City Design Competition 2.1.2011 CH2M Hill | David Evans and Associates

| Greenworks PC | Newlands and Company, Inc. | Portland State University, Institute for Sustainable Solutions | Sparling


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now future Vehicle Miles Travelled

11,000 miles

4,000 miles

Modal Split (SOV) 10% 70% Density 25 FAR 2.5 FAR

Gateway today is typical of an early low-density suburb with wide streets, large blocks, overabundant parking and limited pedestrian connectivity. It is one of the grayest districts in the entire city and the average resident travels 26.7 miles per day by car. In the future, Gateway’s super blocks and wide streets will be scaled to its residents providing better connections to the many services already in the district. Open spaces will provide urban habitat and agriculture. Gateway’s nexus as a regional transportation hub means that in the future, residents won’t need personal vehicles.


WATER 2

creating water independent sites, buildings and communities

Water flows echo natural cycles, flowing along watersheds and into the Columbia and Willamette rivers. Impervious surfaces are minimized, aided by areas of increased infiltration that mimic the region’s historic forests. Precipitation levels define a community’s water use, and neighborhoods share water across wetter and drier parts of the city. Water is not a single use item, with potable water reused multiple times, treated naturally, and eventually released to recharge local aquifers.

source

city of portland

gateway

lents

lloyd district

south waterfront

5

en o u g h

falls is

university district

use

net zero water Use less than the amount of annual precipitation and share across neighborhoods to supply the city

what

Satisfy all non-potable water demand through water reuse

6

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ecological water flow Process water efficiently and naturally through reforestation of the urban watershed and rehabilitation of the urban grid

water

Slow water movement to encourage infiltration and replenish urban aquifers

Predevelopment predevelopment

Planned

Evaporation

5%

Transpiration

15%

Evaporation

Runoff

10% 50%

Transpiration

Infiltration

10%

35%

Runoff Infiltration

30%

Current now

future

10% 45% 0% 2%

Planned

Evaporation Transpiration 35% Runoff

Evaporation

10%

Transpiration 10%

Runoff Infiltration

Infiltration

45%

88%

Living City Design Competition 2.1.2011 CH2M Hill | David Evans and Associates

| Greenworks PC | Newlands and Company, Inc. | Portland State University, Institute for Sustainable Solutions | Sparling


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surface flow

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water capture, conveyance and storage infrastructure

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district overflows for evapotranspiration and infiltration during rain events

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clean water injection to Columbia River aquifer

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well to Columbia River aquifer

now future Rainwater Collection

0% 100%

Groundwater Infiltration

5%

35%

Evapotranspiration 12% 45% Treatment of Runoff 5% 100% In Gateway today, stormwater has little chance to infiltrate naturally, diverted by pavement that covers almost all of the district’s open space. The nature of Gateway’s businesses, including many restaurants and health care facilities, means that the district as a whole consumes 240,000,000 gallons of water per year. In the future, district hydrology will be restored to meet pre-development conditions through natural and constructed processes that intercept, transpire and infiltrate water to simultaneously meet needs and recharge the aquifer.


ENERGY 3 relying only on current solar income

Energy is a local equation. District energy captures efficiencies of scale in production and distribution, replacing resources pulled from across the state or further. Wind, water, waste and sun provide fuel, while the earth regulates temperatures in buildings on its surface. Through combining compatible uses, neighborhoods capture their own efficiencies and change behaviors in place to lighten energy needs.

wind

wave vortex hydro

source

city of portland

gateway

lents

lloyd district

south waterfront

vortex hydro

is e d tri

ct

regional energy sources

net zero energy

er

ing th

7

solar

university district

use

Convey heating and cooling between buildings in district scale systems

po w

Combine a complementary mix of uses to reuse heating and cooling byproducts Change community behavior to consume less energy in buildings and infrastructure that operate at maximum 100 years efficiency Capture energy from wind, sun, waves and, where 100 years appropriate infrastructure exists, waste.

now

future

Not Acceptable bio digester Local Water (river)

Now

local

100 years

Regional Water (ocean) Local Solar

Not Acceptable bio digester

Local Wind Regional Solar

Local Water (river) Regional Wind Regional Water (ocean) Local Solar

Local Regional

Regional

Local

Local

Regional

Local Wind

regional wind

Regional Solar Regional Wind 100 years

100 years

bio digester Local Water (river)

Not Acceptable

Regional Water (ocean)

Regional Wind Regional Wind Regional Solar Regional Wind Regional Solar Local Wind Regional Solar Regional Wind Local Wind Local Solar Local Wind Regional Solar Local Solar Regional Water (ocean) Local Solar Local Wind Regional Water (ocean) Local Water (river) Regional Water (ocean) Local Solar Local Water (river) bio digester Local Water (river) Regional Water (ocean) bio digester Not Acceptable bio digester Local Water (river) Not Acceptable Not Acceptable bio digester

Local Wind Regional Solar

Now water regional

Regional Wind

100 years

Regional Wind

Regional Solar

local wind local solar

Local Solar Regional Wind

Regional

regional solar

Not Acceptable Now

Local

regional

Regional Solar

Local Wind

Local Wind

Local Solar

Local Solar

Regional Water (ocean)

Regional Water (ocean)

Local Water (river)

Local Water (river)

bio digester

bio digester

Not Acceptable

Not Acceptable

local water bio mass

100 years

100 years

not acceptable

100 years

Now

Local Wind Regional Water (ocean)

100 years

Local Water (river) bio digester Not Acceptable

efficiency: 100 years technology & design conservation: behavior & awareness usage

usage technology and design improvements in efficiency

100 years 100 years 100 years 100 years

behavior and awareness improvements for efficiency

technology and design improvements in efficiency

Regional Solar Local Solar

usage

usage

Regional Wind

usage technology and design improvements in efficiency technology and design improvements in efficiency behavior and awareness improvements for efficiency behavior and awareness improvements for efficiency

behavior and awareness improvements for efficiency

usage technology and design improvements in efficiency behavior and awareness improvements for efficiency

Living City Design Competition 2.1.2011 CH2M Hill | David Evans and Associates

| Greenworks PC | Newlands and Company, Inc. | Portland State University, Institute for Sustainable Solutions | Sparling


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24 hour biproduct heat and cooling load between district uses

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heat exchange with aquifer at energy notes.

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now future Regional Energy 100% 25% Local Energy 0% 75% Renewable Energy

5%

100%

Biomass 0% 20%

Today, the majority of Gateway’s energy comes from non-renewable grid power. In the future, district energy systems will produce 75% of power through local, renewable means with fuel from biomass and other renewable sources. The remaining 25% of power will come over the regional utility grid from entirely renewable resources. Vertical heat exchangers will link geothermal energy to horizontal heat exchangers connected through buildings and blocks. Renewable power generation will fill the rooftops of the district’s many large, institutional buildings.


HEALTH 4

maximizing physical and psychological health and well being

Health enters the public realm. Streets and pathways concentrate services for healthy lives and play host to natural systems that clean air and water. People stumble upon nature at every turn, interacting with lush plants, mountains and rivers to soothe the spirit and play home to other species. Neighborhoods do more than lessen threats to health, through abundant access and nature they give reason to be active and healthy.

source

8

city of portland

gateway

lents

lloyd district

south waterfront

university district

use

n dia rh

m yth s

civilized environments Distribute fresh air and daylight across a district by linking streets and other open spaces

cir c a

Tune outdoor and interior spaces seasonally to connect humans to nature

9

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ity to

infinity

healthy air Ensure clean outdoor air as a foundation for healthy interior air systems

conti

Exceed the highest quality standards for watersheds and air

s y st e

e c t ec

m

10

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biophilia Improve health and restore spirit through connection to biological systems

c o nn

Connect places with an abundance of plants to process air, water, sun and soil nutrients with pathways

Living City Design Competition 2.1.2011 CH2M Hill | David Evans and Associates

| Greenworks PC | Newlands and Company, Inc. | Portland State University, Institute for Sustainable Solutions | Sparling


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now future Impervious Area 70% 40% Tree Canopy 10% 50% % of Area Covered by Parks 4% 25% Adult Obesity 40% 10% Today, Gateway has poor air quality and a disproportionately low amount of natural areas because of the freeway running alongside it. In the future, the district will use open spaces for nature and landscape instead of cars and pavement. Streets will be transformed to encourage pedestrian and bike access to provide natural opportunities for exercise and fresh air. The freeway will be reduced to two lanes and natural areas, restoring ecological balance to clean air and support a thriving community.


MATERIALS 5 endorsing products and processes that are safe for all species through time

Materials move in a cycle. Pacific Northwest forests form the base of a regional material system where most materials flow in a nutrient loop between forests and communities. The remaining demand reuses metals, glass and plastic in closed loops of salvage and recycling. A material’s production, use and disposal are free of toxic byproducts, creating clean industries and jobs for local residents.

source Image used under a Creative Commons license. Photo credit Flickr user Tonu Mauring.

city of portland

gateway

lents

lloyd district

south waterfront

university district

use

u t to s

ha t n o

e

11

red list Close the nutrient loop with forests through natural building

Image used under a Creative Commons license. Photo credit Flickr user KaCey97007.

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Banish red list materials

sorb

12

grow,

ab

embodied carbon footprint Sequester carbon in protected wetlands and forests across a region,

plant,

Balance urban uses by protecting restorative natural areas

om lin

ple

bott

e

13

Support a sustainable material stream and a regional economy through truly restorative forestry practices and resource reuse

the tri

’ve go

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t

14

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responsible industry

appropriate sourcing Use materials primarily from local, renewable sources

Image used under a Creative Commons license. Photo credit Flickr user Brewbooks.

u se w

sabl

15

g

po

e

is dis

Supplement with components coming from regional salvage, recycling, and landfill mining and reclamation

conservation and reuse Return natural materials to the forest as biomass

h n ot i n

Return materials into closed loops through salvage and recycling

Image used under a Creative Commons license. Photo credit Flickr user Our United Villages.

Living City Design Competition 2.1.2011 CH2M Hill | David Evans and Associates

| Greenworks PC | Newlands and Company, Inc. | Portland State University, Institute for Sustainable Solutions | Sparling


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a n u f a ct u

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ea

g

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sorting yard

wood & waste from sustainable forests and processes

waste biproducts returned to local and regional sources

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recycling & sorting

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s t e i s s o rt

,

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remanufacturing

now future Total forested area 2% 25% Annual per capita waste 1.5 tons None produced in medical facilities: Source of origin of raw materials:

95% nat’l + int’l

10% nat’l + int’l

In Gateway today, materials arrive from around the world with little thought given to place of origin. Meanwhile, the district’s concentration of medical facilities and restaurants generates significant waste. In the future, materials consumed in building and eating will be indigenous to the region and small, locally owned businesses will buy from local suppliers. No waste will leave the region. Organic wastes will become fuel in anaerobic digesters. Medical facilities will coordinate waste management to process and treat biohazards, to then sell for raw material value.


EQUITY 6 supporting a just, equitable world

Equity is open for enrollment. Neighborhood stewardship unites communities around common goals. All residents have opportunities to benefit from community improvements without fear of losing their right to call it home. Outer neighborhoods are fully recognized as places to rival the city’s vibrant inner core. Neighborhood fabric is ripe with social eddies, creating a reason to stop and interact. Access becomes inevitable, with no barriers to clean air, sun or water.

source

city of portland

gateway

lents

lloyd district

south waterfront

t for

16

or

co m

university district

use

human scale + humane

Image used under a Creative Commons license. Photo credit Flickr user John Flinchbaugh.

Create spaces for people through urban design and green buildings

built f

Create places for interaction, with social spaces at regular intervals

me y ti

ne , an

17

Limit sites for parking and focus on stellar transit connections

democracy + social justice Assume equal access to all places and opportunities

a ny o

Create spaces for rest without consumption with benches, seating and stopping points

a n it y

hu ral m

18

Create local ownership opportunities for any resident to accrue the benefits of neighborhood revitalization

rights to nature Give all people and properties access to clean air at any time

natu

Let all properties access the sun for daylight, energy generation and human comfort Turn natural waterways into community amenities

Living City Design Competition 2.1.2011 CH2M Hill | David Evans and Associates

| Greenworks PC | Newlands and Company, Inc. | Portland State University, Institute for Sustainable Solutions | Sparling


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Walkability of District 5% walk to 85% walk to 90% of destinations 90% of destinations Local residents who own property 20% 80% or business in the district District area covered by parks 4% 25% Today, Gateway’s community of east Portland natives exists amid an influx of immigrants. The district’s diverse populations have yet to integrate and the district is failing to meet basic needs of its changing population. In the future, secure and resilient lives will be possible for a range of incomes, abilities and languages, aided by urban design and economics that ensure opportunities and community services. Each resident will be able to invest in the neighborhood, through in-kind and service as well as traditional means, providing means to share ownership in the redevelopment value of the district.

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BEAUTY 7 celebrating design that creates transformative change

Beauty is a community that realizes and reflects itself. Peer-topeer education builds the foundation for a community’s spirit. Collective action by neighborhood associations, community groups or like-minded neighbors nurtures a neighborhood at many scales; from street to block to building. District improvements are in harmony with daily life; creating places where visitors wonder in awe at a neighborhood’s unique character.

source

city of portland

gateway

lents

form

19

e + tr a

ns

lloyd district

south waterfront

university district

use

beauty + spirit Meet basic needs to create a foundation for wonder and spirit

engag

Engage people in projects built by and for the community Serve multiple objectives with innovative projects

g vin

ing + li

20

A community defines a wonderful place that strikes awe in visitors

inspiration + education Reach out individually to educate neighbors and build community

learn

Organize around community goals Transform catalytic sites into centers of education for maximum impact

Image used under a Creative Commons license. Photo credit Flickr user Guanatos Gwyn.

Living City Design Competition 2.1.2011 CH2M Hill | David Evans and Associates

| Greenworks PC | Newlands and Company, Inc. | Portland State University, Institute for Sustainable Solutions | Sparling


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Community Projects Per Year 5 24 Community Maintenance Events 2 12 Artist in Residence in Local Schools

0

3

Languages Served

3

75

Today, Gateway has an active citizen community that has led the conception and execution of several inspiring projects including Gateway Green, a regional park between two freeways, and the Gateway Education Center, a regional green jobs training center. In the future, even greater community organization and investment will expand these collaborations to more fully transform the neighborhood into the vision of its inhabitants.


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