75 CENTS
MAY,1975
GROUND SKIMMER
ISSUE NO. 28
MAY, 1875
GROUNC
SKIMMER
2 A NOTE FROM THE EDITOR 14 VALKYRIE, Bill Wolfe 16 CRONK
CROWNED ALPINE WEL TMEISTER, Dan Poynter
DRACHENFLUG
18 1975 WORLD HANG GLIDER CHAMPIONSHIPS
22 TREE LANDING, Dennis Pagen 23 TREE LANDINGS REALLY AREN'T THAT BAD!! 27 STABILITY
AND PERFORMANCE OF FLEXIBLE-WING HANG GLIDERS, Glen Brown
30 THE SELLARS QUADRUPLANE, Edward Peck
DEPARTMENTS 4 Ultralight Conversation 41 Class1f1ed Advertising 44 Calendar
MAGAZINE STAFF Editor: Carol B0en1sh Price Ari Director: Rich Grigsby
USHGA OFFICERS President: Lloyd Licher Vice-President: Kaz DeL,sse Secretary: Carol Velderrain Flight Director: John Lake
AERO[
Treasurer: Ford Walters Office Staff: Carol Velderrain, manager, Cl1on Aranda, Susan Mann, and Ronda Legget!. CONSUMER ADVISORY: GROUND SKIMMER and USHGA, Inc., do not endorse or take any responsibility for the products advertised or mentioned within these pages. Please consult the HMA, or pilots and dealers in your area.
COVER: Bob Correll makes a demonstration balloon drop in his Sunbird at the 1975 World Hang Glider Championsl1ips. Photo by Terry Troxel
APRIL'S COVER: Phil Warranger gracefully floats above the Pacific at Rincon. Photo by Gary Valle.
CENTER OF GF
It has been my gr!'lat p.leasure to have served your editor for nine issues of GR.OUND S.KlMMEJR It's been a lively time, racing from one hang gliding event to another: interviewing, snapping photogrnphs, 11tt.cmding meetings, imd driving iwross town to Lbo printers. will miss these things. As editor, it was my goal to roportlmng gliding It lmpponod, be current as possible, and to inspire lump; gliding enthusiasts everywhere wHh the freedom and joy Urnt soarir,.g flight brings. I was introduced to hang glJding b,y my brother Carl who built. his first Rogallo in our ba.ckyard in Hl71. He, Dttd, and brother Gregwonld wake up at4:00 A.M. and drive to Ma.rina Del Itey where they would launch our boat in the dark that they would be ready to fly at dawn when the wind wa.s down and tho wa,ter, ealm. At Hrst I thought hang g·liding was just another weird project of my brother's. But when ho showed his kiting footage (espeeia.lly tho POV's), I decided this wasn't so weird--in fact, I beoame determined tn try it. I soon beeame friends with Chris Price (now my husband) who taught me to fly at La Pi,z Road; I beeanrn "regu larn at Torrance Boaeh and eventually the edi.tor of GHOUND SKIMMER. Kiting (the term I hang gliding), is special to me. It brings joy, beiwt.,y, inspiration, and sweet relea.se from earthly When feeling down, flying rebuilds my inuer self and brings serenity. But kiting· has itlso brought 11.oti vity and compa,nionship. I '11 never forget "The Conquest of I<Jl when six of us snuek past the 1·anger's stu.tion at the entrance of Yosemite, hiked up Hll Cap with our kites, and flew off. It's rewarding expericmee to be tho f:irs1, person to fly a new site. Kiting ha.s also meant an opportunity to increase not. only rny ph;ysical but mental
surroundings: dozens of trips to tho li.bra.ry searching for physics a.e.ronautics books in order to gain basio understa.ndingofthemin,cle allows tlmt meto fly, Kiting also developed into another hobby: plrntography-··Which includes planning "the "oa.nwa.ning to scenie flying spots, climbing down cliffs to get a bet.tor editor GROUND SKIMMER, l had it great opportunHy to outstanding individuals. I a.m convinced that i.f there a truly inspired nwo upon the faoe of the 011,rth, it must be the ha.ng glider pilots. This my last I'm about our newborn da.ug·htHr, SummHl\ and have deoided to become a fulltime mother. My interHst in kiting, however, still renrnins strong, ,md I'm scheduled be the guesi, editor GROUND SKIMME.l'r. for the November which will be a 19?5 hang gliding directory. Now let me introduce Rich your incoming editor. Rich flyer, founding partnor of Sunbird Ultra.light Glidm·s, prosont pa.rtnor in Uw Southern California School of Gliding, and GROUND S.KIMMEH dirooto r. accomp Ii.shed photographer whoso outstanding photography onlrnnced GROUND SKlMMiiJH'S 11ppoarnnoe. Here of f{ich's talent imd imagination. We were searching for an illustration for "Tim !ntormedia.tc Syndrome: Dangerous Confidence" in the March issue. We needed a pioture that emphasized carelessness. Rich mune up with the idoa of someone forgetting connect his and falling from the kite. "But Rich, do you think there someone so anxious to in GROUND SlUMMJiJH that he'd fall out of his kite for this pioture'i'" "I'll do it."
instructions on the student into assisted by the instructor.
And he did. (on a tra.mpoline, that Rich his and performod baek flips with all the 11.ppropriate while in another photo 1!.nd sandwiched the two darkroom. dedicated, ...
D,mr I~ditor, I enjoyed ,John Dunham's short story on the Big Southern Ilut,te Marslmmllow Factory and have vivid anticipation of phenomenal reeord-breaking flights this smnmer. Rick Brown ,md l soared tile north of the rna,sl, Butte the 11th March in chill factor of We could ta,ke the eold for only 20 mlnutes. The l!~ast Butte on Atomic J1Jnergy Comrnissiou land, and if' you don't havH spHcial permission, you gHt hassl:ed arrested. Lttst we drove land to get to Big Southern Butte. This year there aro signs warning of big trouble to Refer to map on pa.go 10 of G.IWUND SJGMMEH. road (dirt). have been working with the BI,M to BSB flying This wemnstgoin via. Atomic City which about the distance and condition. The road up BSB will proba.bly be improved this summer, but four-wheel drive still alrnosl; rnust. Any experienced pilot wishiug to BSB Marshmallow .Factory, Urn I1;ast Butte (twin) or our most adva..nced Heise, contact me at 981 Idaho F'alls, (208) (lots of for flyers) or through Walkers at Skyline Idaho Ftills, (208)
,fames De Long Idaho F'alls, ldalm
Dear Ed.itor, We heard reports li,stl'summcr of fabulous flight from the Southern .Butte, the report by ,John Dunham mighty interesting Congratulations, John, on the flight and also on tlrn report SKJMMER. This the type of reading which makes me look forward to each new issue of tlrn magazine. A follow-up on con di t.ions at the hill seems in any of ,vou who might The hill remote. Whatever you may need, with you. 'The closest at Atomic City, about around the south side is primitive.
The up hill is CHu,,st!lHLb wheel drive road, though made it to the We urge you not ot try with conventional vehicles. tuw·truck to that would a. bundle. Flying off the hill The road not ba.cl The only there whlch might eonsidercd a facility the "F'renehn1a11's Cabin" where water. The ca,bin has been left unloekcd in the emergency and occa.siorrnl shelter through Urn of its owners. The cabin and n tract of the imrrounding limd arc priva.te property. The only way we can keep this from be corning off l im.its to all l'Jyers to A.LL treat the property guests of a. friendly neighbor. The on.ly unrestricted to tile hill through Atomic to the Idaho National t;r1gimJ01·ing They diseourage could find ii, Tlrn Butte on Bureau of Management property. The BLM people friendly and oo-operative, but, remember, two to oonsidering facility install a.ti on at the BnLte, but don't look for too much Ulis Sma.ll pln.ncN avoid tlrn Butte be,cmuse c,f its thermal activity, and tlrn down drafl.s can tennirrn.l to incautious Those dust fine lift at 500 but don't shaking hands with while you're trying· to la.nd. John refci:re,d to them as "white tornado,;" .. -could the wind from 5 MPH from Urn south to 40 MPH from the north in than at the moo.foot little cnmulous cloud about There
(although not
in
r111
doubts that order to right a,kite in fiilling InH luff dive, ,you need two opposing I explanation in
from going a. dive bcca,us:c you start wit.h an airfoil you the opposing force the ne,ce,ssarv torque. But if the full luff dive 11,ceirlentally because stunting, turbul!mce, st,dling out of ente.r the dive the
Thus, in a no·-lHt SaiJJ'ca,ther might turn shifting·. Sailf,ea1,he,r wil.l not
Rollin H. Ida.ho Falls, Idnho
Elditor, reading the GROUND Slff/YJMEli, I
MAY,
Devloped expecially for flying prone in liang (Jliders, the Simpson 1'ro110 Harness is tho ultimate in cornlort, safety and rninirnum cJrag.
Pressure
Three Streamlined
0 0 and Attachment
0 Dealer
Invited
Price For additional and your local dealer or contact:
demonstration, visit
Ab,donc when Baboon," I didn'1,
enough to punch Hout with the wind, either. think beat it; expecially light, think gotta be able to 1:,omethin' Well, too
MAY,
If Haber Haber Imel any good ease, lHf s say, "]fang it up tu grow up:· But you wouldn't bite on that oauso you're too dam tiod up prov in· how r,ood you your kite Stayin· alive in thi,, wot'ld is a direct Itmction of wlrnl ya put into gettin· alon/2,' wit.Ii it instead a bang in· heads with So hang gl iding·s safor,.n drivin' a car JJ,' ya want i1. to bo. Yeah, Haber !labor's cornelmck will boa wlJolo bunch a acronauiica.l B.S. ho thinks he knows. Woll, he thinks he write, too. lie pushes llis junk on the dumb nerds who don't umlorstami fl yin' mid they're Uw ones who will shut you down. Woll, he can't write to save his dirty sox, but he'll pusll his junk
THE ONLY STEP BY STEP "HOW TO"-"WHERE TO"
not ::,ure why l give the guy credit by wi,stin· ink 011
HANG GLIDER MANUAL
11 im or you guys. Look, l'opo·s work in· HU I g·ot.t.<1 grab a sunset soar. [n a. coup lo
DEVOTED ENTIRELY TO PILOT INFORMATION
lt days I'm lwa.d in for tho Peop Ie Hepu bl io; acute l i ttlo gal on the Chi nose Ping l 'ong Ltmm says Uw wl nd always blows up tho Groat Wa.11.
GLIDER & EQUIPMENT SELECTION SITE SELECTION• AIR IN MOTION EXPLANArlONS , STEP BY STEP PRACTICE PLANS-TURN· DIVE CLIMB & STALL MANEUVER DESCRIPTIONS•PROGRESSIVE FLIGHT PLANS•RIDGE SOARING TECHNIQU,S•RIGC,ING & SAFETY CHECK LISTS FLIGHT ACCESSORIES•RUlES OF THE ROAD•l{l(, SHEETS•THEORY OF FLIGHT
Panol!o Servanas Aguila., Mexico
••new materiah, THERMAL RECOGNITION & FLIGliT DIURNAL WINDS CROSSWIND TAKEOFFS MORE DETAIL TAKE DrF AND TURN DATA FOR THE BEGINNER
Dm1.r J•:ditor,
CHANDEllE San Co. SOLO F Co. SOUTH AFRICAN AVIATION CENTER Je1ppE1stc>w11, Tronvaol S, A. MANTA Co, DELTA SAIL WING GUut.t<:-i.r1astinas FREE FLIGHT of SANTA tlAt<:tlAt<A,1...0. SELF Santa Monico SUMMIT AIR SAi DELTA Ropperswill,Switzerlnnd SAIL BIRD FLYING MACHINES Colorodo CLOUDMAN GU DER Noshvi RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENT CO. ,Washington BILLY BEAMWAYS FLYING MACHINE SHOP
BOB&JILL iNC.,Bronx ,New York 2 WHEEL TAXI & SKI ,An,chor·age ·'"''"··"" NORTHWESTERN H. G. ,Minn. Minn. SSA
USHGA
11
••• 8
In a. prnvious Iott.or to UJLrn.ligl1t. Conversation. l beliovu I madu a.n error. I tlunk l satd tilat tlw altitmle of I I ants I !ill in J~lmint, New York. wa.s 1?0U loot. This allovo sea lovol. 'l'lw J1ill iH 700 feel. to Uw vallo.v lloor. Wo would c;till l1ko to sou sornornrn fly this larnousllill. ll.wn,H Urn soa.ring capit.ol uJ Urn world about t.011,voars a.go. Tlwro ,1ru rnm1y other hills tll t.hu aroa tlrn.t. call bu flown also. Thorn a.re many people 1nLDrnHtod m Jly11114·, but all my llyrng J1·1e11ds H.nd I can do is sliow tlwrn low .101101 lly Ing. l'uop le would Ii ko to suo
Urn nml posstbtl1tws ol lmng i.{lidlllg. l'.S. Tlrnnlrn lur Llw gTun,t club. Bill Est.m;
l•Jlmini., Nuw Yori,
Dear Editor, In going over somo lmck ic;sues of U/U)UN!) Sl{JMMl•JH (O<;tober. 1fJ?11, IJ, I noticed a lotter frnm ,Jarnes I'. Nn,tland claiming a surios ol tirnt.s lor H.oga.llo llang gliders. l dmd proless to know who was fn·st, but wo began uxporinwnts with powen)d H.ogal lo models- .first free flight, then radio cont.rollml··in .July, HJ(il. We built. c,ur first fullsi,1() Hor,a.llo hang glider .Ju.mrn.ry UJ(i2: incidcm1.ly, it. wa.s built of alumi111m1 wit.I! aircralt. bolt.ti and stressed witli airura.ftca.blo, but alas, with sta.ndard lmrdware oy(l bolts u.nd turnbucldes. A picture ol lllis ,,I iclcr appoarnd in tile September, l!JH2. issuo ol Sport. Av inti 011. I also havn kinuscopos and vidoo tapo of Us use .in a. production nmnbor on "The Lawrence Wolk Show·· aired ,lamrnt'.V 27, Hrn2. We tool{ Urn second am! larger version out Lo Dockwoilor Bon.cli and now it with Uw original Labrie (polyester film 1 lllil reinforced with fiberglass ta.po) last
August and flavn movie,; of tho ,Jim llobson Los Angeles, California MAY, 1975
I
II
N
AN
in.
40 in
ft
. the little known
with the little known
This is a magazine quote about Chuck I\Jyland and his Pacific Gull HA·19 glider USHGA Nationals '74 in Deccmiber. Chuck been flying only year and half, placed 4th over field of 150 the nation's top pilots. Chuck his 9lider to be the only production glider to make the maximum clistanco pylon and the bull's.eye.
Fo1· beginner or expert, tlw HA j HA,18, HA,'19, HA<20) designed to docile flight, exceptional maneuverability, soarability in minimal conditions, a of 6:1, and the fastest glider available, utilizing om exclusive pat. frame configuration. The most beautiful trouble free glider made·"'·ask our custo,m13rs!
Dan Poyntfn·'s HANG GLIIJJ NG lrni; 200 fact filled m1tstandin~~ photog·raphs and drawing·s on foot launched flying, Bndorsod by doftler and school, H0,000 lrnvo boon sold and now its boon oomp!etoly rovisocl. ih1 a.tJallJlo in !Jard eoveror soft, this llOW,'J'O. WIJJ,JIU~ TO cmeyclopedia "the biu,ic handbook of sk.ysurfing". basic to adv an cod fl,yi ng, design, .materinls, construction, history, the law and lists major kito a.nd glider m1 t.lrn market with its dosoription, photo, performance specifications and som·cri. The book,and its list or over :300 ma,nufacturcs, dealers, clubs and school1,,is updated printing and itfi been through tho times! Whether you're building, flying, shopping just looking into the growing this first and only roference book on the subject must. poRtpaid (Californians ctdd :3G¢ (Cal iJomia.nR GO<J:
$9.95
KITING a new book with lOO itnd HJD illustrn.tions on tow Ja,unched hang· gliding. was written espocially for Urn flatland flyer and those who find their hills oovered wHh KITT NC: cuvern tow J a.unehed ultralight flight in depth: launching in shallow wa.ter, deep water, jump starts and doe!{ starts. Step by step instructions ca.rofully g·uide tho noviee throug·h t,1xi pnwtiee, towed flight and release to free flight. Tho histor,y and legal ohapters are some of the most fnteresting while tho book goes into a great dota.i.l in the design and eonstruetion of towed gliders well the required towing equiprnent. Like JiANG GJ,JDING, KITING notjus1, a training nu1,nuat I.mt an encyclopedia. of reference material. ,HJST: postpaid (CaJifornians add SATISFACTfON GUAltANTmm.
today to: D,,n Poyn LOJ', 9:110:,
UR
NG
AVAllABLE FROM YOU.R DEALE!<: !:cnHy insJuJ)ed 10eH.ling lmge diol
1mpoct
design
l ipht wei9ht (less
oz)
Minimum drag (3
frontal W()n)
crllical!y darnpcd
ORDERll'1G: Ouanlity
SHIP CY:
L]Pmpaid UPS
MEHIL LNTERPl<I
following information on your order:
Uni I
Total
Flying in the Midwest has, Jlke i.,nythingolse, its advantages and disadvantagm;. Tbc advantages are that you can spot a flyable hill a hundred milos away. The dis,tdvantagos ,tre that H's probably at Joast that Iar. Because or the li,ck of good fly in~~ sites, those ot' us flying Hog,tllos have 1,o be content with flights measured in seconds rather than minutes and hours. To increase this flight time, two ideas immediately came to mind. First: to bring mom1t11ins to the "J<'latfands." l quickly di spelled th is idert si nee I ren10mber reading sornewhere about a guy named Molrnmmed who tried and didn't have much luck. The second idea seemed a Iittle more tangible: design high performance hang glider that would perform under "F'latland" conditions. When l made that decision, l didn't dream of sleepless nights tlrnl, lay ahead plmming and designing. My first r,Jeeplcss night was spent setting down fol lowing design and perform a.nee objecti vcs. l. Construction time: r,o . (HJ hourr, using r,implc hand tools. Hardware anrl tubing: a.irornft qua.lity. :3. Assmnbl,y time: 15 minutes or by 0110 person. Self .. Jatmcl! and solf·ca.rry. Stability: stable in all with high degree of rospcmr,ivtmess. G. Optimum flight conditions: winds of 15 mph or 7. Effective glid() ratio of 8:1.
the ,wrody1mmic centor wHh a. static nu1rgin (CG/ac r0lationship) of 0.02 .. 0.05'1',, depending upon Urn J'lyer's attachment point. This combimttion of' positive static margin and positive pitching moment produces u.n extremely velocit,y,sta.bJe i1irfoi I. Lateral sta.hiJHy is n.chieved through dihedral, with dirnetional stability obtained through the vertical Iins !UH.I rudders.
FLIGHT TESTS Fligbt tests were conducted without compromise to safety. No flights were made out or ground effeet until the ai.renift was proven sta,blc in all nxes under normal flight conditions. '!'he flying site seleetcd wa.s 50.Joot hill having slope of 20
DI~SCHIPTION
The Va.lkyrie can be defi.ned rts a singJe .. surfaced, eable· stressed tailless monoplane of constant chord and straight pla.nform which employs wing tip drag rudders for direetimrnl and lateral control. Pitch control £tchicved throngh WC'light displa.ccment.
STABILITY The Valkyrie's longitudilm! stability in the dmiig'n airfoil whieh has fineness ratio of nine 1tncl slight roflex nea.r the trailing edge. Thcrn is a positive pitching moment about
14
MAY, 1975
RON D
N
DRACHENflUG
I
'Tlw wi111wrs standing on tlwJr 1wmbors. l)nvo Cronk 1st,, Wernur 'J'sclwnw (Swit,;r,orlaml) 2wl nml Hoy IJaggHrd anJ.
Dave Cronk finished first in a field of nearly 300 and wii,s crowned" Alpine Kit,e Flying World Champion," thus climaxing t•n incredible two weeks of 11ying that took almost fifty U.S. pilots one-third of the way around tht~ world. "Drachen" means "dragon ' well "kite" in German as early kite8 were ChineAe dragons. On March lOth, a i'more of happy flyers rendezvoused with a like number after a seven-hour American Airli.nes flight
16
from rain:v Los Angelos to snowy New York. Anol.lrnr eight hours on Swiss Ai a.nd they touchod down in Zurich, Switzerland. After short flight to Munich, Germany, Lhey boarded the bus for the short ride to Kossen, Austria. Kossen is small skiing village of2,000 positioned near the Gorman border and bet'l'Jeen Salzburg and Innsbruek some 1800 feet up in the Tyrol, the Austrian Alps. The straight np !l,nd down mmmtains a.re ideal for lla.ng gliding. There is a chair l ill to the top and tho air very smooth; ra.rely a.re there any bumps. The first four clays were devoted to pra.eticc flying. Tlte task for the first (ifty wa.s ,i combination time and ,wcura.cy event, and it cut the field to sixty. Sinee some of the Europen.ns wero on skis, tl1e judges nrnrked the first point of body eonliwt: they didn't about overshoot.s. This presented a, problem to the contestants who were u8cd to full stop. gentle l!mdings as tlrn,y had to be very careful or eha.nge their technique; many landed short. The skiers wou Id dive bomb thEi target, zooming in over 40 mph and slap their 8kis down on the target center. Some a.pproa.ehed prone and their first point of eon tact was their stomach as they landed short. One populaJ' approach was to cirele the target until vory low ancl then to wing over and dive into it. It w11s "death and destruction hang gliding tournament": if you eould walk awa,y, the landing was declared safe. Some para.chuted in from great heights and others a.pproached hot and low to stab at the target as they pi,ssed. Many wound up wearing- mueh ol' the mud, snow and sawdust target.
Typical or internatiorrnl compel.ii.ions, there was Team Loa.dors' nrneling each evening· and it followod by a .Jury meeting·. Tlloy wcro formal and fftinutes were taken a.nc:l pu blisltcd. The nrnet was very well organized. The girl en terecl were segregated trom tho men and wero not permitted to fly from the top o[ the mountain "it would be dangerous". Tina. the sole U . female entrant lodged a protest and all nations voted in hor favor except Australia. Bill Moyes stated that "down under" women sti 11 do as tbey're told. 'l'ho who lute! sm·v ived tlto cut competecl in landing aeeuraoy on Tuesday. The ma.de four of the eight dead centers scored in low but squirrelly winds, Landings were gcnera.lly better, but the l/.S, eompet.itors were a.gain faced with the deeision of clrnnging· their appronch teehnique; many landod short. Seated flying proved bettertlmn prone it allowed the contestant to keep his eyes on both his foet and the target. Those who zoomed the i1,rg·et prone often stabhttd their foot down short of it.. lJnfortuna.tely, those Europea.us who spiraled into the target often scored higher. U.S. equipment not only flew the hest, but it looked the host by far. The ha.rdw a.re was elea.ner and the 8a.ils were quieter. Some of the foreign kites looked like car covers thrown carelessly over broken 'I'V antennas. But the will to fly and win was there and the competition was he,ivy. There was a lot of good organizi,tion and great ceremony. A special musical score was written for the Championsbips and three young trumpeteors were called to play it at every turn: sometirnes a.lone hut MAY, ·1975
Nom· collision nt crowded target
18
MAY, 1975
terminate any further flying for tho day. Sunday dawned it gorgeous 80 degrees with perfect wind condit,ions. Tho only problem was Urnt there were mo flyers who were supposed to compote in three diffcnmt events, each making six flights. Tho contest, director announced a. change in plans. B;ach pilot was now only going to get one flight in two different events: speed and aerial slalom. The teu pilots with the highest scores would compete in "Tho Day of Champions" on tho following Monday. 150 pilots scrambled on overlottded trucks (sometimes 15 flyers and kites at one time) with fl,yers hanging on by one hand as tho trucks bounced up tho steep rut-lined dirt and clay four-wheel drive trail to the top of the" l !500." l1'lyers waited Jn line to ta.ke off sometimes for hours, so wlien their turn finall,y came, they flow·· regardless of lift condition Unforturrntely, with only one flight ,tnd varying conditions, luck played a bigger pa,rt than desirable. Whatever happened to heats? By the end of Snnda.y the top ten pilots were determined; they wore to roturn the next day for the fi1rnls. Unfortunately, Monday proved to be totally unflyable and "The Day of Champions" was postponed for two weeks. Tho meet directors felt that thero was bound to be better weather and that those two weeks would provide the pi.lots wH.h extra time to refine their "'ballots." This postponement posed a problem for Steve Wilson (who was number one in the semi· finals) and Dave Meubl, both of h:lpper, Formance, since tboy wore scheduled to be in Japan at Urnt time. But tho meet must go on,,without them ... and ,John McVey and Pat Donovan wHro brought up from positions 1l and 12. Saturda,y, . April 12, brought bright skies and glistening snow on Saddleb1wk· perfeot fJlrning conditions for CBS's Sports Spectacular. The pilots each made throe runs: f1peod, u.eria,J slalom, and aerial ballet. Steve Patmont zoomed his Icarus II in to Urn landing an inerediblo one minute, 41 Sflconds. Greg Mitchell, in his experimental Seagull IV, was hot on his trail--only one seeond behind. Pilots were awarded ten bonus points for carrying POV camerns on their keels. It'll be interesting to see t.110 expression on Burke I~wing's face when one of his harness shoulder straps broke on his speed run. Despite tho break, Ilurke maintained oomplete oontrol ttnd mttdo a beautiful spot landing. Tho AHrial Ballot brought ft l!HW dimension to hang gliding competition. The finalists performed a "ba.lfot" to musio of their ehoiee. The repertoire inelndHd Loggins and Messina, Tlw Blue Danube, 'l'lrn .Nut Cnwker Su.ite, NHil Diamond's Flig/Jt ol llw Gull from ,lomtthan Livingston Seagull, and songs by ,John Denver..BurkH Ewing flew to his
20
reoording of his own composition. (Bu rkc and his band gave a coneert during Uw qmtlification ronmls until police, fcmring an Escape Countr,y "Woodstocl(' because of the large crowds,,-brought an end l.o tho music). Steve Patmont's well executed ball Ht in hls graceful Icarus II dHiinitely turned one's thoughts to tlw nostalgia of World W1tr I a.ces and made at least spectator think of the rocentl,y released moviB Waldo Pepper.
Bob Wil spectacular performance began with a break stall a,nd progressed to left and right wingovors, left am! right. :rno·1,, porpoising and elima.xed with perfect spot landing. Groi; Mitehell built. up altitude to tho sounds of the Moody Blues. During a short intorludoJ3ill Cosby hroke in with; "Why is t.lwre air?" Grog eoncluded lJ i top,sooring flight to tho strains of tho Blue Danube. His thning was unbclievabJo .... ho f.loated onto tile spot as tlw music finished! Grog Mitclwl I, building up a.11 insurmoun tabl,J load, claimed tho World Championship. Watch for the upcoming; CBS Sports Speotacular. You'll see that CBS got a bonus: there were 1 l (not 10) flyers in "'l'lrn Day of Ch11mpions." BurkH Ewing's Gernmn shepherd, in hi very own harness, flew l,andom with his master. E]scapo Country will alert us a.11 at its first notification of airing; time. MAY, 1975
H,1rker, tho biggest n former resident of
lOO competitors tho world. The
t.lrn olim.inations "World Standard." Tho "World Cnp requirements:
the (maxinrnm)
of bi IJow (minimum) of (maximum)
may not vcntu Tho object to the gl 1.he will be dotormi.nMi.on of For further information, contact:
have seen take off wlth a. across the.ir shoulder, If ,you a.re tree la.nding, release if you ca.n, get seeurc in the tree and wait for help.His very strenuous out of a tall tree a,nd with an injury, it 1miy be impossible. With a good stout rescuers can lower you down wi.th Uttl.e The rope is also essential for the kite itself. Very rarely will H, eome out of a tree easily, A branch s.mailer tlmn one's little can under a tnag and the entire apparatus. At the top of a tree one isn't in position to pull, shove and wrest his wing, free. The best method I've found is to tie a rope to the kite at the but this may not be loop it over a branch higher than this tie, try to lift the kite and it free. This may only efficacious and up the next most in1nrn•i ,'nd JJUl:ill: WaUKL!l/l, too.I: the SaW. On two occasions my kite would not have eonrn down without a.saw, the theeontrolbar was irn~xtrica,blv U•JHA IU/", it fast. I cut this bran eh after <m,,nr11n r, the kite with a rope and the initial was solved. Sometimes it will bra,nches all the way down the tree as the kite is lowered. If a. seeond rope ean be attached at the bottom and a erew can the kite awiiy from the tree, metters are easier. However, .1ainct1ng· in a tree without other trees to hinder a maneuver ~mch as this is not often the case. On one incident 1 tried to fold the kite while it was still in the tree, and I suceeeded, the total process was not any easier arid indeed was more risky I leaned out bo.lts. One should use different methods
,i,·•rn,od
,lllustraU01) by Vcmuis JJH.gon
control bar forward out of your w11y and for any branch available. You want to stay where you first hit since a kite the limbs Lilted and slides very Let me reiterate· try to land on top, flare to the center of the tree and from several feet up into a of bra.nches and you will have some idea of what is involved. Once your body .ls the tree, release your harness. After two (with the tree sw•av•1np· and my heart to unhook my .1-.,,·,. ""14 with still on, I have resolved to quick-release of the type markets, On the occasion prev:iousl,y mentioned, the blew the kite ,ind topullmeoutat60fmrt.It was a fight to stay in the tree a,nd unhook at the same time. 1 recommend a of some sort to all in the East, or Urnt encountered near flying"''!"""'"· The next to overcome is and your kite down in one Most you can climb down, but .in one of n1y the tree was too fat and the lowest branch was a ways up. I waited an hour in the tree for help, but a.s 1 was loca.ted ""'"'""',Y down a boulder-strewn mile from the road, it didn't a.rrive. lost my glasses upon landing, I couldn't the distance to the ground, but I was fortunate to be 1:tble to break a small vine to reaeh the ground and measure the distance. a little over three body As this worked out to about 20 feet, I took off my harness, attached it to the lowest limb, climbed down it and the feet. This illustra.tes the need for the fo.Uo,w:tnig: This is the most irY1n1,rf·.i:i.r1t
24
uc:t,u1ctgu whi.le a;v·oiding The damag·e encountenid very often in bu.sl1Lwacktng is a torn sail, and this can be both time and difficult to The next bent tubes and of eourse, these must he Pine trees a.re trn•,rin" and shou1d be the first choice for 1ct1L1uu1g, choice is to be had. Next I lends one a more seeure """"'"M ""·'·'·"5 dramatic swa,ys. This is not a fa.cetious sta.tement. Tree can be a very im.pc1rt:afftt1:1,ct,or o.Aµc;c;Jcu,.v during when are very brittle. Avoid the softer variety sueh poplar and cottonwood if at all pc1ssiiblc. wary of dead branches, whether us.uu,ug around, Perhaps a new field of aerial ctcruirotn,,:rv will to occur and may happ,en to you, the reader, but that is no reason to and not meet gTea.ter The of this article is not to Insti.11 fear, but to increase awareness and prep1ar·eclmiss so that one can meet and overeome the A school of tnou12'l1t I li"svnhr1C.\,'bEn·n1et1e~l) greatly stresses the lEiarn by situation and experieneing the proper reaction. I reeommend this for tree well as all situa,tions.1n1a1~·uie 1,11e eondition then go outlined steps to handle it. In this way, the uu1e::!l:pcwt;ecl an automatic nisponse the eorrect one. Combine this with as far as materials go (the and saw) a.nd you should be ready to eat we ean all work and
MAY, 1975
THIM
location of a production glider a,ml adjusting the trin"l value to account for having reflex in the glider and not in the tests. Cnrvc B is for "lrnndS··on" flight with the pohtr values needed by (2) frmn the same wind tunnel tests. Control by woight shift is illustra.tod in Figure 2 by considering "trim lines" such as tho so marlrnd "push,. a,nd "puff'. Any lino crossing Llie origin and lying between "push" and "pu.ll" is a trim line. The inclination of the line eorresponds to a position of Urn control bar and trimmed condition is found where a trim line crosses tho Cm vs. curve. Push and pull are simply Urn limits of a pilot's rettch. In tho figure, tlrn pilot's reach taken to be l() ptJl'cent of the length of the keel. There currently some controversy over what hap pons when the sail starts to fla,p. Sail f'la.p may start to alter the glider's lon1,{itudinal characteristics below a C,, of about 0.4. Two things happen. First, the clrng of the glider increases a great deal because of the flapping. Second, the pitching moment changes because of Urn change in the shape of the sa,il. The drag of a napping sail is estimator! by comparison with the drag of fli1gs given in Hoerner (ref. :l). An increase in of 0.1 appears Iikely for kit;es with full billow, although tig·ht sails may have appreciably less dra,g rise. Knowledge of tlle drag rise value fixes tho value of CM at Cc 0. The nature of the change in pitching moment due to napping and changes in sail shape as CL is reduced dependent on the details of sail collapse and may be radically different for different sail cnts and frame r;eometries. Two dashed curves in Figure show two different but presumably possible situations. Ono eurve simply oonnects the non .. flapping solution for 0.4 with the known value at Cc ~o. A glider with this characteristic will not trim in a dive at .loss than the point where the ourve crosses the "puff' line. The other dashed eurve represents a hypothetica,J but possible situation tn which the collapsing sail produces a strong negative moment. In this rmse, a new stable trim point exists in a steep dive. While there is a possibility that some gliders may stabilize' into steep dives, there is little to suggest that all flexible wing hang g.l i ders have th is characteristic. On the contrary, sail flap in most cases would seem to be strong.l,y stabilizing over the entire rang·e of low The meri, existence of such a possibility, however, becomes a compelling reason to perform unmanned dive testing of new designs. With regard to high aspect ratio designs, there is evidence to indicate that, neglecting sail collapse, they should be more stab.le than the standard Rogallo
28
design. Of the designs tested by (ref. l) only the aspect ratio 6 model had suitable "hands··Off" characteristics for a glider without the addition of reflex. This model would correspond to 28-14 with an 80-degree nose! This is to be expected because of the effective swoop gained by shortening the keel. The foregoing disoussion indicates Urn import1mce of the aerodynamic center rmd its relationship to the center of gravity, In theory, tho loca,tion of the aerodynamic center i a function of planform only. To verify this staternent for the of low aspect ratio flexible wings, the aerodynamic centers of conimLl and cyl.lndrical wings with aspect n1tios of and G were caJculatcd from tho results of Polliamus and Niwseth (ref. 1). These results iuo compared with the results given by the expression:
Hb distfmce an of keeJ quarter chord span j. quarter chord sweep angle and H cm pirical coeffi c:i en t, a function of tr.1per and aspect ratio·•
Sa.iJ
ftR
Con Cyl Con Cyl
2.fi7 2.57 5.45 5.46
7 A,96
O.Hl8 0.198 0.510 0.510
LEA!JJNG EDGI,: 1
(0.021
(O.J0:3 or O.O,J1)
WIHES
The term in E. to a.ecount for billow is suggested by resnlts tlrnt agree with the cal en lated values for cylindrical sa.ils but a.re higher for conica,l sails. A correction ol l n2 of drag per degree oI billow provides good ag;rcwment with tlie experimental results. The nrnximum lift.to-drag ratio or glider can be predicted quite exactly if cert,tin quantities a,nJ known accurately enough. The woJH{IJOWn expression /V'\A-'A
Through becomes:
somo
rnanipula,tion
this
fl,. ~~rror
(5)
0.004 0.029 0.014 O.Cll.8
Span is g;iven a subscript e to indicate that it i tho ··enoc:tive" span nttl1or than the geometrical span. The effoctivo span of a Jlexiblo wing glider difficult to determine from avai la,ble data, but should be between 85 and 90 percent or the geometrical span for low billow sails on high performance gliders. NASA rnsults (ref. 1) indicate a,n incredibly low value of 60 percent, so effective span i very sensitive to billow. Equc1,tions with Llw same variables that give the minimum sink rate of a glider and Urn lift coefficients a,t which best L/ D and minimum sink occnr itre given below.
The results agree within several percent for the wide nmge of flex.ible wings tested, l~quation (3) can be rendered more understandable by noting that the distance that tlrn tips are back from the forward quarter of the keel when viewed from the side. CaJJ this dimension It, thon:
'Xa.c.
tho drag of tlie leading edgo tubes, crom; bar and wing wi K2 the skin friction coefficient of Urn sail. Approximate values from Hoerner (ref. :JJ itre:
H.(){ . PERFORMANCJ;;
In order to make eertain gonoralizations concerning tho perforrmmee or hang gliders effected by the dimensions of the glider, it first necessary to write the parasitic or :t,ero lift drag of the glider in terms of the san1e quantities. By assuming that some dra,g components vary with sail area, some with span and some with neither area nor span, we m1n write:
k ,.
(4)
The main limita,tion of these expressions beyond the 1iccur11c:y with which the parameter val uos aro known is tho fact that stall not accounted ffir. Those equations are quite accurate so long the lift coefficient predicted to produce the optimum performance is below the onset of sta.J l, about 1.1 for most gliders, Several examples will serve to illustrate l!ow the onset ot' st1.tU modifies predicted performance.
Ko will represent Urn drag of the pilot, control bar, king post itnd those wires running fore and an. Kl is a rnoasuro of '"NACATR
*Subtract 10 percent for naked pi lot! MAY, 1975
No me11c I at, ure
the point at invaritmt
by a,ctnally obtaimtble
to aft of
on(:ominp;
ft.lb,
stal I lift coortfoienL at which minimnm stall
e Build the world's first fully controllable 'l'lrnoretical Studies Camber and Twist on Urn of NominaJ I'ollrnmus, 1,:,c;, and
TN Sla/Jility aml
Drag, Hoerner, S.F author, 19Eff,.
glider. • Standarci aircraft controls. Fully engineered. built in approximately $400 for literature, photo
credited with the ever flown--and with the least power. Sellers also considered the for
Edward Peck With reference to Richard Miller's comments in Ground Skimmer No. 4, Matthew Bacon Sellers is indeed a much overlooked man. For seven years I have been at work on definitive of this nowobscure While his a chi evern.en ts attention unknown except among a few Lteron au tics. innovative researeh in as his foremost contribution to aviation. This work in 1897, and led to the construction in 190:3 of a wind tunnel
first, a Lilienthal was built in 190::J. This to be diffieult to balanee, so Sellers thereafter eoncentrated on the form which wa,s to become his hallmarkThese gave eontinued to purposes of vvuq;co,< built a Chanute/
the construction such a 1nachine. The details of Sellers' can be found in tho literature of that One has to eonsult the Brockett and N.A.C.A. bibl 1916 for source tations. My own research into his life has very few references to him since 1927. Should anyone know of' articles since Llutt time which discuss Sellers' work, I would welcome of these
Sellers'
tl:uit
authority
a field, Sellers was on the
attributed to the which Sellers appears to have favored for awhile.
stagger was so to observe tho effocts. Still, Sellers
a new direction with The idea. was succesful those many years a.g·o. Witll materials and achieve even better In any event, those certain to stand-out in A utlwr
Eclwnnl
l'euk
who
is
1912 and the Naval
World War
arrangement,
One. Sellers' numerous be of interest to the !'eaders of Grouml Skimmer. H:ts
Matthew B. Sellers in Warrell County, Georgia HJO?,
30
wa.s
this
lms /Jou 11 ins/,ru 111w1 f,al plil.1111 Ill restoration oi Se Jlor ·s 1101110 aud lu!;oratory, callee/ "Blalwmoro. A Sollors l:iln.Jwrnore Fot111clat,1m1, lne. lw.s l>eeu orgnni,mrf and i11el11sio11 of t.lw .sil,e 111 tlw of J1ist,oric 1 'Ju.cos is of est11.IJJ isll a small museum omrnt, nwt. a WO,'! w1m! l,r.rnnel. and enJd a swta.l.Jlo nmrlwr on t.ho liillsHlo where his earliest woro nm.de. l'eel, ro&cutHl many oi t.lw relics of Sellers· u.ero1w.11t,ica/ work fl'om tlw Jal) and house sonw years ago, and the entire colleot.ion was pnJs1::wt.ed /,o t,Jw SmiU1scmia.11 lnstitute Na.U01w.l Air am/ Museum in 1,96.9. .Mr. Peck .is internstod in frorn a.nymw wlw l!as acicl.iUonal sow·ces of information 011 Mattlww R So/Ion,. You may c011l,1:wt, him to: E<iward Peck,
Aviation llistol'ian, 4 Drive, ,lelJernonv i Jlo, 111 diana. 4'?l:l0, or tlw USHGA. MAY, 1975
298,1962
H GROUND SKIMMER compiling its first liang glider directory. Wcl are now solicitin9 clescrip1ions and photos of all hang gliders in existence !ooHaunclrncJ, towin~J, etc. Since tJ·1is thtl very iirs\ a\temp\ at a comprehensive survey ol l1an9 ~Jliclors, we would also like to include historical section on craft not now being flown but that wem designed, built and flown sometime since 1960. requestecJ The lollowin9 information
,rn
1 Nnrnt'
ot pilol wrnqht
Clicfr:1
Photo Unique 4 Sl~jlllflCitnt ilCfllOVfHilDnts
Number built a) from plans, b) trorn k11s 7 Nurnbor st!I! Soiling pnco Manufactumr und his 10. t)pnclf1cnt1ons
b Aron Aspec\ Ha\m rJ Le·ad1nq Mnasurnrnont e Koe/ Moasuromnnt f !::rnp\y wo19ht
1
HnngD of wrng woiqht
J Structural
k Manhours rnq1nrnd {If plan kit) l Nose rrnglo rn Dogronotbillow n Airtoil (wl1eru applicable,)
11
I)
L/D Max &
which 1t
Mm sink
which it
All description and photos must be receivecl by August for inclusion in our 197G directory. mark <ciach photo carefully with name of 9lider, your name and address. All material will be returned if a stamped, self addressed envelope is includect
Pilots: f3e creative with tllosn 1 W' aluminum lJars you l1ave had to rnplace on your glider. Witll f"oly· Tube Kits you can design chairs, couches, book shelves, even a car port or boat canopy. Poly-Tube fitting kits include all fittings and pins. Poly-Tube cornplete kits include fittings and pins along with pre··cut and drilled bars and fabric sling 011 all chairs and couches.
Gliding into the soft Atlantic sea breeze from is an which will be remembered. Thirteen stories high, it is tallest sand dune on the East Coast Wilbur and Orville came here to view of the site where human we conduct our Last year, we With our $15 rAr:1~1,.,.,, the book "Guide to ~"10,r:ia110 ,tir•oti"r"" for Level 1 BUYING A KITE. If buy your kite from us, the lessons a re free. distributors of the finest in the world, Products, and Sun Sail. EAST COAST PROFESSIONALS. Tee shirts, accessories, glider rental, and storage are fly for the most en1ov·able gliding
Hawk P. 0. Box 386, Head, N. C. 27959 Phone 1-919-44·1 ··6247. Write for dealer information. $1 FOR
Poly-Tube Outdoor Structures Port or Boat Canopy Boat Mooring Station Dock Section
Poly-Tube Furniture
Filling Klis
$19.95 29.95 9.99 26.95
Complete Kits
Prices on Request
9.99
19.95 14.95 2'.l.95
Poly-Tube Individual Fittings 11101
#102 11103 11104
ti 61 INSTRUCTIOh
$69.95 69.95 29 95
Leisure Chair King's Chair Ottoman Couch Loveseal Coffee Tabt"I Book Shelf Porta-Bar Bar Stools (each) Game Table Game Chairs
II 60
FLIGHT
Filling Kils
JI
Poly .. Tube Master Poly-Tube Tee Poly··Tube Angle Poly·Tube Basemount Poly-Tube Full Length Ouick Pin Pax of Poly-Tube Furniture Pins Pax of 25 Poly-Tube Caps Pax of
Price
$2.49 199 1 .99 1 .95 2.49 1.95 2.49
Assernbly instructions included witri all kits. Aluminum tubing 1'h inch witt1 .062 wall Anodized for $1.10/ft.
I
Include 10% postage and hAnrllin,~ Michigan residents add 4% sales tax. Send your checl< to:
JACK BRITTON (213) 943 1074 9~11dlng
7844 Shaver Road Pn1·t~Cl'l'l. Ml 49081
I ( >!{ 'f'Jfli !1.1
/Ill
\SJ
Lock 11111 1/4" Lock nuts :1/Hi"
.00 Hi.
WING NUTS: 5/1 Winri nuts 1/4"
ea. 4
COWLING 18.
SPLI
19.
TAPE
PINS
G
Pm cut lor 11
4
Poly
PO LYETHYLEN A fl MA F
rnlls
5 Oil
SHEET
.00 IL
CUSHI N
(includes l.ock11uts) KIN C11111pl1,tc Assbly Kinu post l<intJ post tip l.lmcknt
: If.
8
ft. ft. .40 ft. 1/8 Nico sleoves Cable stops
I G' 20' Kite Pron11 Hmnoss Swi1111 S1!at (cornplutel IL Soarir111 Hulmets 1lanq GlidirHJ Hamlhuok hy Poynter Wimlnrnter (handheld) l<nnrlor T·Shirt M L 8. [luick "N" lhck Upriuhts Cornplwi Roof flack Kit
4
4
.1 I! 300
PIVOT
HJ
WATCH FOR
BLACK END 14.
1 /ll" unlrn specified lurnl111ckle bolt
post tip bolt
l<intJ
attacl11m111 bolt Nrm plate bolts Cornpl1Hn Holt
Our gliders cnrnpl1wily assnmblnd, Ready·lo·Fly. All ulidm irrcl11de Swinn 1111iqun seaMo·pro111: lrnrdwarn, anodized tubinu, and oz. stabi lirnl double zig"zag sown sails.
!includes
/j
pins)
UR TOW
19'
INGIIIJllll!!IJ!I
ILIIF R I llJIDEIRS
..
T H
I Glider system has been 10 insure the best in reliable IIPl'fWtcn
Mem/Jer of flang/Jcler Mwmfnet,urors AssociaU011
J 141 N. Citrus Avenue San Clerne11 Le
•
l!ftd
DEALI•!HSrII
Cal.ifornia 92GW7 fan JJavir, (714) 492·fl8J;j
lNQUIHI
II (714)
Affil low
rnl,er,esl,mi in
1--------------
book to
0 THE COMPLETti BOOK OF HANG GLIDING ($7.95) THE COMPLETE BOOK OF HANG GLIDING (Paper $4.95) SAILPLANES AND SOARING ($2.95) BUILD YOUR OWN SPORT PLANE ($12.50) THE BASIC GUIDE
FL.YING ($12.50)
(Add
where applicable)
handling.
I lior $300
/\II now, blur: only
flowr1
all(1 flies w1,at. C:111y1r1q l;ox 111cl11cJud
Nncrl liH1
lfi)
1D / lox1 f loalor W1t11 llluu and purplu sail /rank Colver, (/14)
p1011()
w1tl1 I :3) '.H3 1
Iii Nnw 11r1~1111q,
co111plGt1,witl1 Jol111 /\llm1, I.lox (c'USl) I MatC1i,1ls !01
color
1 f' 11tnncl:ml Hoqallo. Mui Ii·
$1\00 llow11 v11ry
13)
uf tow rop1, Hl k1W. (901)
e>Ccll q111ck
p1 unc
hnn1(:st;
1nclud11rl /\II 11,;mJ only tw1co. Ltlw new Mu,;t sull S4!,U u1
offer f':1111 $!OU. (?1:3) :H.i3
vv1t11
li111u watmp1oof
11ppu1
lliiU
111
co11rJrt1011 $11'.,0 (?Ll)
oxc11llc1,t
(11vn111nqs)
10 111unll1s olcJ S4!ill /11111 ( 714) /\11dl1u1111, Cal1frnn1a
nnw. ::till in
montlis'
!i!)ll()
New lranw,
ooki11q mmmy 011 1ww /1ooallo'> lnlrocl11cl1on 111:w moch,ls lo uu1 14! 111m linds
/\sk tor ,Jcm
!,,
bu,J11t1/ul,
nuarly-ncw
c1(;n10;; to !)U!I rit SUVl!l~JS! con1plnt1,, mm1y-trdly and ofior
Novc1 flown,
or
f'11t1uq1w, Iowa
Swc1llowtail lll111ois. G0047
and 4,149 for Manta
V7W
and coinplet1., rupn1rs,
Dan
Clmprnan,
I 11)
111dge
Hcl,
anytirnn
ORGANIZATIONS 4U rn rlus nort11 of Now York CornplHtn l11iu of /\11c1dli I ully m1u1ppucl school for sturlu11ts allwurqlils A1011so11,/W/11,49M1ne NtJW York 1U9:,0 (914)
trral; ur11vur·sal O I TO L1lientt1al cl, nurnbm; plus Universal ·all 1or You'll m11oy HGW flr[Jlil: l10w lirgl1 you'll 9u1r HUW's V1S1011 COMMUNICATION I fJox l/JbO, MOII/Cil, Cl\ 90406. Knox Avumrn So11lli l1rcl1tr01lcl,
IJl)lta Wir1rJ 1r isl ruction
and
[)o;ilrn 1CM
inqurrn,s invrtud Mark Ht\Jl1t, Ltd , Ccltysb11r9, ll11f/c1lo, NY (/Hi)
n1c1wsletloi for tl1c tailless brplariu t;n1lius1c1st. ~,end 1.md lo 101 ·r 111rwr Avm1ur1, f··nr•i,11u," CA
of GROl.JI\JIJ SKIMMEl1 Maga,1111, M1111rrn rmwslctters 111 to 10, :.;o,; pi IIIIEJd
fly with M/\C
I/ instrucl1un: 1.m1lrnakinn Arbor, M1cl11g1m 1CM b04'. for Co11lur,
Now
York 1:>c\01 Wuokui1d fly111Q du111011slralrons Skt fly1r1g Home of NYSHU/\ l1,ct11rc, 111struct1cm 1n;1r1ual, nct1ml flyin(J. Wntn for c:111 (610) fi?9·44BI
Eili:)O(j,
HANC, C,LJDINU, eornprnlwnsivo rovmw ut tlw c;pm1 by llar1 I 'oyn\(Jr, pagos, airmilil.) Man 1·1 oworncl H1qlit by Kr,1th Slrnrw111, 17b Harig l·lrgl,I, 111slruct1011,\I irrn111ial, 9G pagus, ,Srrnpli11ucl ~'ortorrnance Toslt11g /or I lano Girders by ,Jack 11 All Dox (jfi:JU6, LOS poslpa1cl lwrn Angelos, [;UOUi
covornge Ava1lahlo wr1l1 m1m1borsl1ip. (Mornl)or, 12/yr.) Info kit wi\11
Vl!,ITOF~S
llnn,a glidnr
;md cornpoton1 im;lruc1ion buy Manta Wir1g l lrn 9111 9111
sample Anl()rlCil, !:J(J(Jfj(i
Cornplct1, instructions, filn1s, arid hanr1 (Jlid111g 1.kr11onstrntiom1 ! Im Norl11wcstmn Sou th, Minneapolis, Minn.
Bt11 W, Missoula, Montana :,9BOI I nslruct1on row Now teatum1g tho
Mncl1son, Wis
MAY,
plam, toll yo1rl1ow lo IJuilcJ
m111CI upr 1rilo1111,1t1on to Ii Huosuvnlt, llc;rkcli,y,
rr1ontl11; on i)(;)!wocn top two bolts crn
I' 0 I 04
I\L11>1('
/II' (M1rw1\11111
Ci\dl(j('
ll/\Nl(i\MI IIIU\llll II
!)(jl
()(',
JUNE
Air Nt0w Enal,md Gliding Cl1arnpionships on1ct1ce ,J1mc1 11 13 $1,000 Mt Mansfield Sky (80?)
· ,June Jump· Compotition. Ski Sundown, New Hartiord, Conn. Altn Bill Boyko, [ntiold, 060B::'.
'" ''"''"n'" Annual Competition. Sugarloaf Mountain, f(ingfield, Maine. 2600' 140U lffs Dallas Dave
Washington
Mt
Championships, Mt Cranrno1e, Now
North Conway, New Harnpsl11ro 03BCiO (603) :i:,fr::,:)4/J
,JUNE
Contonnial Coclmmo
Hrn1g Hill, Alborta, with
National & Hang F ra11kf or1/Elbn1 ta,
National Cl1C!rnp1onsh1p:: Wn\(cc to USflCiA to suggns1 poss1blu
(if:i306, Los "'"""''""
900CCi. (?1:J) 390<306!, World Delta Glid()r boat tow launcl1 for Jrnr, Elox 1, 3'.JB80. Attn
Micl1iuai1 frnnkforl, M1cl1. Sponsored by lhe Flluff ""n'""''
JUNE 7-8, Grandfather Mountain Hang Gliding Cbampionsl1ips. Grnndfall1cn Mountain ( lf,U(J verlical with n 400' cliff launch) 0110 of tilo finest to fly in the R1c111u Mountains. For advancecl pilots only. Hoad to top. All power li1rns am b11ri0:d Attn ,Jolrn Hnrris, c/o l<itty Hawk Kiter;, 1·'.0 386, Nags I !eati, North Carolina (919) 4/J 1
miclnighl flyinD drew ~l,000 liy tlw Skysmlors, llox 18. l'alrnm, 99lJ!t!,
Comwclicul llm19 GlidinrJ Compeli1io11
Moot Clmrlomont, Mass
Annual l1ocky Mountain I Gliding Clwrnpionsllips al lolluricJo, Colorado to $:J,000 lnvilatiorrnl
Factory
Torn Peqh\ny, Vico~Presidont of Sky
44
MAY,
Write for free color
*Size 'Clean clean "Smooth
of sail those who care . ... the
with a stiffness to assure laminar neaM:ero and stable sailform.
ANOTHER INDUSTRY FIRST BY DELTA WING
Note: With each Phoenix comes an and not with the For more information and demonstration of the write Box Van CA at13620
call
with