Technique Magazine - July 1993 by USA Gymnastics

USA Gymnastics The Official Technical Publication of USA Gymnastics

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Book Review: Make the Team: Gymnastics for Girls

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Analysis of Participants in The Gymnastics Competitions at Barcelona Hopping and Jumping to Fitness 1993 Congress Event Management: Site Selection Swing Progressions Biomechanical Analysis of the Compulsory Hecht Vault Vaulting for Preschoolers

I EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS Element Supplement ELEMENT SUPPLEMENT

USGF GYMNASTICS SAFETY MANUAL

Women's Program

1993-96

19930 Poper, 'hrinhropped, 3-hole punched 012 pp 0 USGF Publicolions lIem #1116- I I0.00

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FOR . COACHES AND JUDGES

1993-96

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lf your current 2nd edition Manual is tattered and torn and you would like a replacement copy or if you need a 2nd edition Manual to participate in any safety courses scheduled prior to September 8, 1993-take advantage of this opportunity to purchase the 2nd edition book at the close-out price of $5.00 (plus shipping and handling).

This book includes the technical rules and regulations for the J.O., program. The Handbook follows the Code of Points format and includes all the current changes and adaptations of the Code for the J.O. levels. The text includes examples of bonus, etc.

To order any of these books, or olhereducolionol mOleriolsondv ideospresenled in Ihis issue, please complele Ihisorder form. Item #

IQUDnlily I

TIlle

Price

SALE!

The 3rd cycle of Safety Certification is scheduled to begin with the 1993 Congress courses in September. The USGF Safety Manual, 3rd edition, is currently being prepared to accompany the new course.

1993 0 Poper 098 pp 0 USGf Publicolions lIem #11 17-111.00

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Women's Program

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Jerry George, Editor

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J.O. Technical Handbook

Ju.o.lorOlymplc

USGF Safety Manual 2nd edition 19900 Poper 0 142 pp 0 USGF Publicolions lIem #6001 - SlHO 11.00

Additional vaults and elements including illustrations and descriptions for vaults and elements NOT listed in the new Code of Points. The WTC has assigned values for use at Junior Olympic competitions. This item is ready for insertion into the new Code.

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July 1993 TECHNIQUE

Inside This Issue

Publisher Mike Jacki Editor Stephen W. Whitlock Production Luan Peszek

Contents Book Review Make the Team: Gymnastics for Girls ........... ..... ... .. ........ ........ 5

Coaches Education

Graphic Design Julie T. Jones

ACEP Leader Level Sport Science Course .... ........................ .. 6 PDP-Grandparenting Application ...... ... ............. .. ..... ........... . 39 Summer Coaches Workshop ................ ....... .... ....... ................ . 40

Men's Program Director Robert Cowan

Carbohydrate: the Energy Source .... ... ........ ... ............. ........... .. 8

Women's Program Director Kathy Kelly Rhythmic Program Director Nora Hitzel USA Gymnastics Board of Directors

Eme~~~~i:d;~J: ~:~7n!~~~iiv1~teag~~:I~~~; ~~~Cer~ ~~~!~1:~~ Wendy Hilliard , chair; Jim Hartung, vice chair; Michelle DU5serre,sec; Sher~ l Dundas; Tim Dag~tt; Kar~n Lyon-Glover; Ta nya Service; C 1fis Wa ller; Kevin avis, SOC Athlete's Adv isory Council; Na ncy Marsha ll, Admin. Adv isor; Amateur Athletic Union: Stan Atkin son; Ame rican So kol Organiza tion:J erry Milan; Ame rican Trampo lin e & Tumb lin g Association: Wayne Dow ning; America n Turners: B e ~ Hefpner; Junior Boys Gymnastics Coaches Association: I arc aney; Men's Elite Coaches Association: Peter Kormann; Na tional Association for Gi rls and Women in Sport: Dr. Mimi Mu rray; Na tional Association of Collegiate Gymnas tics Me n: Able Grossfeld; Na tional Association of Collegiate Gymnast ics Women: Ga il Da vis; National Association of Women's G~m na stics Judges: Yvonne Hod~e; National Coll egia te Alh etic Associa tion: Cherhl Levick, red TuroH; Nationa l Federation of State High Sc 001 Associati ons: Susa n True; Na tional Gy mnastics Judges Associa tion: Harry Bjerke; Natio nal High School Gymnastics Coaches Association: John Brinkworth; National Jewish Welfare Board: Courtney Shanken; Rhythmic Coaches Associatio n: Suzie DiTu llio; Special Olympics, Inc.: Kate Faber-Hickie; U.S. Association of Independent Gym Cl ubs: Lance Crowley; U.S. Elite Coaches Association for Women: Tony Gehman; U.S. Sports Acroba tics Federation: Bonnie Davidson; Young Men's Chris tian Association: Rick Dodson; USA Gymnastics Na tional Membership Directors: Men's: Jim Holt, Ra y Gura; Women's: Joa n Moore, Julia Thompson-Aretz; Rhythmic: Alia Svirsky, Ute All-Carberry.

USA Gymnastics Executive Committee Chair: Sandy Kn~p; Secretary: Mike Milidon is; Vice Chair Women: Nancy arsha ll; Vice Chair Men: Jim Howard; Vice Chair Rh>;.thrnlC: Norma Zabka; President: Mike Jacki; FIG Women's ech ni ca l Comm ittee: Jackie Fie; FIG Rhythmic Technical Committee: Andrea Schmid -Shapiro; FIG Men's Technical Committee: Bill Roetzheim; A t Large Members: Roe Kreutzer;Sue Ammerman; Athlete Directors: Tim Dag%ett, Michelle Dusserre, Wendy Hill iard; President Eme ritus: ud Wil kinson, Mike Donahu e.

Associate Contents Editors Sports Science Advisory Committee William Sands, Ph.D., Chair, Sports Ad visory Committee Patt y Ha cker, Ph.D., C hair, Educa tion Sub'committee Stephen W. Whitloc k, Liaison Unless exgressly identified to th e contrary, all a rticl es, statements an vic,vs printed herein are attributed solely 10 th e author and the Ul11ted Sta tes Gymnastics Fed era tion expresses no opi nion and assumes no res ponsibilit y thereof.

TECHNIQUE July 1993

Nutrition

International Research Analysis of Some Characteristics of the Participants in the Gymnastics Competitions at the Olympic Games ...... ................................. .. ........................... ... 9

page 9

Fitness Training Hopping and Jumping to Gymnastics Fitness ........ ............. 13

Congress Facts .. ............ ... ... ... ..... ... .......... ............... .................................... 18 Registra tion Form ................................... ............... ..... .............. 19 Tentative Schedule ............... .............. ..... ....................... ..... ... ... 20 Add-ons ...... ................................ ... ... ... ....................... ........ ... ..... 21

Event Management Site Selection ...... ..... ................ ...... ... ... ..... ............. .. ...... .......... ... 22

page 13

Bar Technique Swing Progressions ..... ...... .... ............. ................................. ..... 24

Men's Vaulting A Biomechanical Analysis of the Compulsory Hecht Vault .... ..... ...... ... ... .. ......... ......... ... .... .. ... 26

Preschool Gymnastics Teach Vaulting to Preschoolers? .... ................ .... ... .......... ........ 31

Training On the Training of Youth .. ............................................... ........ 35

Announcements

page 22

............... .. .. ...... ... .......... ...... ........ .......... ... ........ ...... ... ........ ....... ... . 37

Minutes R-Rhythmic Program Comm., 6/6/93, Col. Spgs., CO ..... . 42 W-Elite Ad Hoc Comm., 6/6-7/93, Las Vegas, NV .......... .. 42 W-J.o. Program Comm., 5/ 16-17/93, Baltimore, MD ... ..... .44 W-J.o. Program Comm., Conf. Call, 5/27/93 ............ ..... ... .. 46 W-Administrative Board, 6/6/93, Las Vegas, NV ............. .46 C HANGE OF ADDRESS AND SUBSCR IPTION INQU IRIES: In order to ensure unint errupted delivery of TECHN IQUE magazine, notice of change of address should be mad e six to eight weeks in advance. For fa stest service, please enclose your present mailing label. Direct a ll subscription mail to TECH N IQ U E Subsc riptions, Pan America n Plaza, 201 S. Ca pitol Ave., Suite 300, Indiana polis, I 46225. TECH N IQUE is published 10 times per yea r by USA Gymnasti cs, Pan American Plaza, 201 S. Ca pitol Ave., Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 46225 (phone: 317-237路5050). Third class postage paid at India napolis, I Subscription price: $25.00 per yea r in Unit ed States; a ll other co untri es 548.00 per yea r. If ava ilable, back issue single copies $4.00 plus $1.00 postage / handling. All reasonab le ca re will be taken, but no responsi bilit y ca n be assumed for un solicited mat erial; enclose return pos ta ge. Copyright 1993 by USA GymnastiCS and TECHNIQUE. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

page 31

PLEASE IOTE: The videos listed in this magazine are provided for educa tional and historic purposes. Whil e every effor t is made to produce videos of th e highes t quality, it should be noted that some of the videos are produced at events ut ili zing handheld ca meras from va ntage poi nts in the stands by non-professional volunteer techni cia ns. Only limited editing and production enhancements are utili zed in ord er to provide a timely product at a reasonable cost to the USA Gy mnastics membership.

VIDEOTAPES

Use the order form on page 2 to order any of these publications.

Panasonic

PROUD SPONSOR OF USA GYMNASTICS

Educational General How to tape an injured gymnast. This tape \-v as pre pared by Larry Nassa r, A TC. (Part I = 1:55, Par t II = 1:23) #2102 $19.95 PDP level I instructor's starter kit. Fo r Levell C linic Administrators. Includes video and 15 Clinic Workbooks. #3609 $60.00 Safety Video. Gy mnasti CS 1st, 2nd, a nd always. #2601 $39.95 Back exerci ses for the gymnast. A video deS ig ned to lessen th e proble m of back pain in the gy mnast. With u seof a skele ton and gymnas ts, L. Nassa r, A TC, d em onstrates how bod y positioning, fl exibility, pelvic s tabili zati o n & muscular exercises are bene ficial. (1 :20)(1992) #2410 $10.95

Men Basic Skills Achievement Program (BSAp) v id eo. Demons tra ti on of all o f the skills. #52 $29.95 J.O. Compulsory Program (JOCP) video. De m ons tra tio n of a ll o f th e exe rcises. (Edited by class level) #2221 $39.95

Women J.O. Compulsory Video leve ls 1-4. Compa n ion to thecompu lsory book. #2105 $29.95 J.O. Compulsory Video levels 5-7 and 10. Companion to th e compulsory book. #2106 #29.95 J.O. Dance Workouts 1-3 for coac hes' tape. Explanatio n of the basic dan ce exercises. (2:00) #2173 $15.00 J.O. Dance Workouts 1-3 for gy mn as t's ta pe. Basic balle t exercises desig ned for the gYll1nas ts to foll ow. De monstrated by M. Faulkenberry. (2:00) #2171 $15.00 J.O. Dance Workouts 4 & 5 for gy mnasts . These levels are newly co mpl e ted . #2172 $15.00 Roundoff vault training. Develop ed by T Geh m an for the \i\fo men's J.O. prog rarn . Pre requisites, trainin g tips, conditioning, and techniqu e. #2107 $19.95 Talent Opportunity Program (TO.p.), Indianapolis, I . National Testing. This tape s hows all of the ph ysica l a bilities tes ts used a t th e Na tional Tes ting in India napolis. (1993) #2139 $14.95

J.O. Compulsory Program (JOCP) vi deo. Demons tra ti on of a ll of the exerc ises. (Edited by eve nt) #2 222 $39.95

Jr. Nat. Team Dance Training program and Boy's team \,,'inter training cam p , Colo. Spgs. (2:00)

#22 72

$12.95

Olympic Development Program (ODP) v id eo-1992. Co m #61 $29.95 plete d em o ns tra ti on . USGF Cong ress, India napo lis. International trends in men's gymnastics. Presenta ti o n by M. Wata nabe. (1 991) #2243 515.95 Goal se ttin g and preparation for competitions. Sport Psyc hology session by Dr. K. Mc Ke lva in at 92 nat. tea m ca mp, Colo. Spgs. (2:00)(1992) #2273 $14.95 USGF Congress, Ana heim. Dieter Hofmann's lectures. Clinic for m e n's coac hes. (2 parts: to ta l tim e = 9 hrs in SLp)(1992) #2200 $39.95 Intercontinental Jud ges Course, Tarnpa, Fla. Pommel Horse.

Presenta ti o n by B. Roe tzh eim. (S Lp format) (1 992) #2210 $24.95 Colo. Spgs. Coaches Seminar for Men's Gymnastics. TU : Liukin; V: Artem ov; pB: Tomita; R: O 'Neill; HB: Akopya n; Conditioning& Period iza ti on: Sands; PH: Daggett; Watanabe. #2253 $24.95 (2 tapes, SLp fo rmat, 5:43) (1993)

Presc hool Workshop, Ft. Worth. Swedish gymnastics. Fea tures Kajsa Mu rm a rk & G un Stahl. #1 / 3 tapes includes: In trod ucti o n, Philoso phy, a nd first g roupl essons. (2:00)(1991) #2130 $12.95 Preschool Wo rks ho p , Ft. Worth. Swedish gy mnas ti cs. Features Kajsa Murmark &G unSttl hl. #2 / 3 tapes includes: \'\fays to use appa ratu s, Da y in th e jung le, Bea n bag activ ities, and Ga m es. (2:00)(1991) #2131 $12.95 Presc hool Wo rkshop, Ft. Worth. Swedish gymnastics. Features Kajsa Murmark & Gu n Stii hl. #3/3 tapes includ es: Games, Ball oon act iv ities, and final lessons. (2:00)(1991) #2132 $12.95

Men

92-96 J.O. Rh yt hmic Level 7 & 8 VHS. Compan io n to the compu lsory book, the video s hows the six leve l 7 routines a nd th e level 8 RFX from two viewpOints. #2322 $29.95

USA / Japan Annu a l Dual Meet, Hama m a tsu C ity, JPN, March, 1993. Team a nd Event Finals. Tea m result s: JpN-21 8.350, USA-217.300. AA results: TChinen 54.70 (JpN ), Y.Hataked a54.65 (JpN), Gregg Curtis-54.25 (USA), S.Watanabe-53.95). J.D. Reive-53.75 (USA), N .lwai-53.70 (JpN). O the r USA tea m m e mbers included D.Durbin and R.Kieffer.#2257 $12.95 McDona ld 's Am. Cup, Oriando,FL. Prelims and Finals. Seherbo56.950 (B LR), Ringna ld-55.700 (USA), Wec ke r-55.175 (GER), Sha ripo v-55.000 (UKR), Gherman-54.850 (ROM), Wa ll er54.650 (USA), Supola-53.700 (H UN), Ce nta zZQ (ITA), C urtis (USA), Umino (JPN), Thomas (GBR), Bravo (ESP), pluss (SUI), Lopez (MEX), Keswick (USA ), Das hu a ng (CHN) (1 993) #2252 $19.95

Rhythmic NEW

J.O. Rh y thmi cC hampionships, Colo. Spgs., 1993. Level 7 RFX, Rope, Hoop and Ribbon. (2 ta pes) #2380 $24.95 Rh y thmiC Championships, Colo. Spg.s, 1993. Level 8 RFX, Ball, Ribbon and Clubs. (2 tapes) #2381 $24.95

Women

Sf. Na tional Team Spring Training Camp, Colo. NEW Spgs, CO. Clinics and lectures. The foc u s of th e training ca mp was O ly mpic compulsories. Miniclinics: PH (Burch ); R (0' e ill); V (Ha mada ); pB (M izogu chi); HB (Furman). Lec tures: Streng th training (Major); Sport Psychology (Mc Ke lva in ). (SL I' format 6:00) (1993) #2280 $24.95 Sf. National Team Spring Training Camp, Colo. NEW Spgs, CO. Sr. Men's Training Sessions. The focu s o f th e training ca mp \路v as O lympic compulsories. (S Lp format 4:00) (1993) #2281 $24.95

Women

Wo rld C h ampionsh ips, Birmingham, GBR., Ap ril , 1993. Wom e n 's all-around finals. Miller-39.062 (USA), Gogeal39.055 (ROM), Lisenko-39.011 (UKR), Dawes-38.830 (USA Fabr ichn ova-38.630 (RUS), Galicva-38.586 (UZB), Pis kun 38.554 (BLR), Milosovici-38.392 (ROM ). (B)#2195 $16.95 World C h ampions hips, Birming ham, GBR, A pri l, 1993. Women's individual event finals. VAULT: Piskun -9.762, Milosovic i-9.737, C husovitina-9.718. BARS: Mille r-9.887, Dawes-9.800, Cacovea n -9.787. BEAM : Milosov ici-9.850, Dawes-9.725, Gogea n-9.650. FLOOR: Mille r-9.787, Gogea n9.737, Bobrova-9.712. (B, 0:00) #2196 $12.95

Tale nt O pportuniti es Program (Tal's) N ati onal Training Ca mp, Birmi ngham, A L, May, 1993. Activities. V\'arm -up (Towson), Va ult (Artemov), Tumbling (Ellio tt). UB Lioukin / Ako pya n ), BB (Grossfeld ), FX (Pozsa r), Dance (Towson ), a nd Ba nq uet. (A-SLp 4:56) (1993) #2150 $24.95

Am . Classic, Sa lt Lake C ity, Ma rch, 1993. Junior a nd Senior Na ti onal Optionals . Juni or res ults: H .Prosser-72.230, M.Arno ld-72.64, O.Wi llis-71.35, A.M u elle r-70.61, D.Barr70.23, ).Ca ro w-69.99. Seni or res ults: H .Ha rriman -72.905, A.Mura ka mi- 71.93, K.Monahan- 71.855, L.Brown-71.435, M. Leopo ldus-70.975, ).Basile-70.940. (1: 12) #2145 $12.95

Talen t Opportuniti es Program (Tal's) Na tiona l Tra iningCa m p, Birmingham, AL, May, 1993. Lectures. TumbleTra x (Davis), Training (DrSa nd s), u trition (Dr. Be n ad ot), Coaching (Grossfeld ), Ta ping ( assar), a nd Sport Psyc ho logy (Dr. Duda). (A-SL p, 3:42) (1993) #2151 $24.95

Am . Classic, Salt La ke City, March, 1993. Junior International Optionals. Selected rou tines including: T.Meye rs-37.20, D.Tho mpso n, 37.1 5, ).Tho mpson-37.125, E.Johnson-36.70, J.Martini-36.375, E. Diaz-36.35, B.Knaeble-36.325, M. FIa mm er36.175. (1:21) #2146 $14.95

Eli te Compulsory Workshop, Sa lt LakeCity. '96 Elite Compulsory Exercises. This workshop was he ld in conjunction w ith the Ame rican Class ic o n March 28, 1993. Clinicians in clud ed: BB & FX: Grossfeld; TU & V: El lio tt; and UB: Akopyan. (S Lp for m a t,4:00) #21 49 $15.95

Am . Classic, Sal t Lake C ity, March, 1993. Senior International Optionals. Selec ted rou tines including: S.M ilie r (ex hibi ti o n) , K.5tru g-39. 10, D.Da wes-39.075, A.Borden-38.225; H .Horn beek-38.025, M.Gruggs-38.00, K.McDerm o tt-37.70, H .Brink-37.25, M.Campi-37.225, A. Erdos-37. 15, M.Webster36.975. (1 :41) #2147 $16.95

Competitions

USA/ Ja p a n Annu a l Dual Meet, Hama matsu C ity, JpN, Ma rch, 1993. Team and Event Finals. Tea m result s: }pN-148.625, USA- 148.325. AA result s: M.Kosuge-38.050 (JPN), L.Fre nch37.325 (USA), AC how-37.225(USA), K.Powell-37.100 (USA), E.5ugawara-37. 100 (JPN), M.E to h-36.675 (JPN). The o th er USA tea m m em ber was Ra c he l Roc he lli. #2148 $12.95

NEW

Men

Rhythmic 92-96 J.O. Rh yt hmi c Levet 5 & 6 VHS. Co mpa ni on to th e compulsory book. this video sho ws the s ix level 5 routines perfor med from both a fro nt and rea r vie wpo in t. The level 6 ro utines are also performed in phrases. #232 1 529.95

Wo rld C hampi onships, Birmingha m, GBR, Ap ril , 1993. Men's preliminary rounds. #2296 $16.95

NEW

Training

NEW

PreschooVelementary

Bele nki-55.225 (UNA), Korobchinski-55.100 (UK R), Keswick54.875 (USA). FX: Misutin-9.400, T ho m as-9.350, Sche rbo9.350. PH : Pae-9.750, Wecke r-9.425, Schupkege l-9.400. R: C hechi -9.625, We,ke r-9.575, Ivankov-9.500. V: Scherho-9.612. Fe ng C hih-9.487, Yoo-9.418. pB: Scherbo-9.600, Korobchinski 9.525, Belenki-9.475. HB: Charkov-9. 450, Gher m a n-9.375, Supo la-9.350. #2295 $19.95

NEW

J.O. Nat iollct ls, Ann A rbor, M I, May 7-8. Event Finals. Jr. Eli te I, Jr. Elite II (14-15) & 16-1 8), C lass

III. (2:00)

#2279

516.95

Wo rld Championshi ps, Birmingham, GB R, Ap ril. 1993. Men's a ll-around finals and individual eve nt finals. Sehe rbo-56. 174 (BLR),Cha rkov-55.625( RUS), Wecker-55.450(GER), Iva nkov55.425 (BLR). Karbanenko-55.275 (RUS), Liukin-55.225 (KZ K),

McDonald 'sA m. Cup, Orlando, rL. Prelims an d Finals. MiIler-

39.268 (USA), Stru g-38. 168 (USA), Piskun-37.837 (B LR), Xu e m e i-37.455 (C H ), Portoca rr e r o-37.206 (GUA), Hadarean-36.762 (ROM), Kosuge-35.798 (JpN), Ga lloway35. 173 (CA ), Da wes (USA). Bord e n (USA), Campi (US~ Stobvtchataia (U KR ). Machad o (FRA), Molna r (H U I Hristaki eva (BULl (1993) #2152 $19.95

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

Book Review

MAKE 'IHE lEAM: GYMNASTICS FOR

GIRLS Make the Team was written for the aspiring young girl who is ready to embark into the world of gymnastics. Make the Team covers all areas of gymnastics from what is gymnastics, is it right for you, how to get involved in gymnastics, skill progressions, rhythmic gymnastics, and getting ready for competition. The book also contains tips, advise, illustrations, a glossary of terms and much more to help the reader get started. Make the Team contains specific information pertaining to the four women's artistic gymnastics events as well as rhythmic gymnastics. A list of elements or skills plus their value are presented in a table format for easy viewing and accessibility. The section, How they score it, reviews what a judge looks for when scoring a routine. This section covers the three areas around which routines are built; difficulty, composition and execution. Together, these are helpful to new gymnasts and their coaches when they begin constructing routines. The chapter pertaining to floor exercise addresses important issues regarding floor exercise and tumbling. Floor exercise may very well be the most dra-

matic and beautiful of the women's competitive events. It combines movements from tumbling, dance (classical, modern, and popular) and rhythmic gymnastics. Tumbling skills are relevant to other events as well as the floor exercise, therefore, it is very important that tumbling skills be taught properly and safely. The chapter proceeds to explain the difference between acrobatics and the gymnastics side of the floor exercise. Each of these sections contains a list of elements and the corresponding values pertaining to origin (acrobatic or gymnastics). A few basic tumbling skills are illustrated and defined. This helps the reader to not only see how the skill should be performed, but how to go about performing the skill. Another outstanding feature of Make the Team is the chapter on getting ready for competition. Getting ready for competition requires more than just learning the required skills, it demands proper warm-up, stretching, conditioning and mental preparation all of which are covered in some detail in the book. Once an individual knows what to expect from herself and the sport, she will be ready to begin training.

Make the Team contains more than 50 photographs, illustrations, and diagrams. If you know someone who is just starting in gymnastics, or has expressed an interest, this is the book for them. You can order this book through the USA Gymnastics Merchandise Department, Item #3630, for $5.95.

What makes fl oor exe rcise so exc iting is tha t throughout her progra m, the gymnast mu st ble nd all of the differen t elements th at go in to thi s eve nt whil e using all of the fl oo r s pace ava il abl e to he r. She is <:Il ways changing th e direc tion and th e leve l of moveme nt; sometim es s he is in th e air, sometimes on th e mat. S he is stri vin g to crea le pea ks of exc iteme nt in her program. In addition to tum bli ng and dance ele ments, floor exe rcise a lso draws on so me of t.he s kill s of a not he r form of gymnastics: rhythmi c gymnas ti cs . We will discuss that in our nex t chapler. < 96 >

TECHNIQUE July 1993

Gymnastics Merchandise Department. Use the Order Form

Is Gymnastics the Sport for You?

on page 2 of this magazzne. Make the Team: Gymnastics for Girls

Flexibility Vaulting Uneven Bars Balance Beam

Putting It All Together

You may order this book through the USA

Chapter Headlines Getting Started Key poin ts to remember: • S how good height • Show suffici ent spli t of the legs (130 degrees on the fi rst. leg pos ition, 180 degrees on the second ) • Main tain a good general rhythm • Oemi-plie on landi ng

Reviewed by: Christine Ebert USA Gymnastics Educational Services Intern

Floor Exercise Rhythmic Gymnastics Getting Ready for Competition Glossary of Terms Kathy Johnson of the U.S. won the silver medal in the floor exercise at the 1978 world championships.

<97>

A Sports Illustrated for Kids, written by Steve Whitlock for USA Gymnastics

• 1991 • Paper • 127 pp Item #3630 $5.95

Coaches Education

ACEP LEADER I lEVEL SPORT SCIENCE CoURSE SA Gymnastics w ill be sponsoring ACEP Sport Science courses at special ra tes for gymnastics professionals . Certi fied ACEP instructors who are registered with USA Gymnastics will conduct these cou rses. Successful completion of this course fu lfills one requirement for PDP Level II Accreditation. Use the form on the follo w ing page to pre-register for the course of your choice. To guarantee your registration, a completed registra tion form must be received by USA Gymnas tics 3 weeks (21 days) prior to the published course da te.

SATURDAY • JULY 17 9:00a.m.-6:00p. m. SS Gymnastics, 12445 E. 39th Ave., Suite 505, Denver, CO 80239 Cou rse Instr.: Betsy Sprague (303) 373-2797

SATURDAY • JULY 24 9:00a.m.-6:00p.m. Boccaccio's Academy, 201 Arlington St.,

Watertown, MA 02172 Course Instr.: Wallace Anderson (203) 886-4006 Con tact: Keith Boccaccio (617) 926-2640

FRIDAY

& SATURDAY

• JULY 30 -AUGUST 1

Peoria,IL Course Instr.: Norbert Bendixen (708) 949-8743 The above COllrse will be held ill COlljllllClioll wilh Ihe USGF lIIillois Siale COllgress.

SATURDAY • AUGUST 14 TBA Indianapolis, IN Course Instr.: Ed Gibson (219) 736-5600 Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050 The above COlll'se will be held ill COlljllllClioll wilh Ihe USGF IlI dimza Siale BlIsilless Meelillg.

SATURDAY FRIDAY

& SATURDAY

• AUGUST 6-7

Fri - 6:00-9:30p.m. Sat - 8:00a .m.-12:00noon Woodward Ca mp, P.O. Box 93 R #45, Woodwa rd, PA 16882 (814) 349-5633 Course Instr.: Dave Moskovitz Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050 The above COlll'se will be held ill COlljllllctioll wilh Ihe USA GY"lllaslics SlllIllIIer Coaches Workshop.

FRIDAY

& SATURDAY

& SUNDAY

• AUGUST 21-22

Sat - 6:00-9:00p.m. Sun - 1O:00a.m.-3:00p.m. Lake Owen Camp, HC 60, Box 60, Cable, WI 54821 (715) 798-3785 Course Instr. : Dave Moskovi tz Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050 The above COlll'se will be held ill COlljllllClioll wilh Ihe USA GYlllllaslics SllI/llller Coaches Workshop.

SATURDAY

• AUGUST6-7

Fri - 5:30-9:00p.m. Sat - 10:30a.m.-5:00p.m. San Fillipe Community Center, Hayward, CA Course Instr.: Susan Robinette (510) 417-0446

& SUNDAY

• AUGUST 28-29

4:00 p .m.-8:00 p.m., 9:00 a.m.-l :00 p.m. Omega School of Gy mna stics, 121 7 N. Monroe, Papillion, NE 68046 Cou rse Instr.: Mike Stanner (402) 339-2924

USGF-ACEP Leader Level Sport Science - Registration Form Fill in the following form as completely and accurately as possible. Please print or type. Name---------------------------------------

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Course Instructor(s) ___________________________ Course Fees: 1. The textbook for the Leader Level Sport Science course is Successful Coaching. The textbook is included in the course fee . Preregistered participants will receive their materials at the course. 2. The course fee is $75 . 3. USGF Professional Members may register at the reduced rate of $60. 4. Successful completion of this course fulfills the Sport Science requ irement for PDP Levell! Accreditation . Payment:

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Nutrition

CARBOHYDRATE:

'IHE ENERGY SOURCE Every day athletes face many decisions and dilemmas regarding their diets. A perfect example is when nutrition experts recommend that athletes consume 55 to 75 percent of their daily intake of calories as carbohydrates. But how d oes this recommendation translate into real life and real food? First, let's take a look at why carbohydrates are so important in an athlete's diet. Muscles make and use a high-energy substance called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to do their work. However, muscles can store only a small amount of ATP, and it is d epleted within seconds of the onset of exercise. Dr. Ann Grandjean USOC Chief Nutrition Consultant

ATP is replenished by glycogen, a form of stored carbohydrate in the muscles and liver. Obviously, when athletes train or compete, their muscles need a constant flow of energy to perform; glycogen is a major source of energy for working muscles.

body weight. Athletes who train continuously for 60 minutes daily will p robably require about five grams per kilogram body weight to maintain top performance, Endurance athletes who train aerobically for more than 90 minutes d aily may need up to 10 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight to replace glycogen day after day, The following is an example of how to calculate carbohydrate requirements for an athlete needing about five grams of carboh ydra te per kilogram of bod y weight: 1. Divide body weight in pounds by 2.2:

154 Ibs + 2.2 = 70 kilograms 2. Multiply each kilogram of body weight by 5 to determine the average grams of carbohydrate needed daily: 70 kilograms x 5 = 350 grams of carbohydrate

G~SOFCARBOHYDRATE

5-10

15-20

1small apple 1small orange 1/2 cup asparagus 1/2 cup tomato juice 1/3 cup apple juice 3/4 cup strawberries 1 chocolate chip cookie 1/4 small cantaloupe 1 fig bar 1/2 cup carrots 1/2 cup string beans

1/2 cup oatmeal 3/4-1 cup ready-to-eat cereal 1 banana 1 pancake 1 donut 1 ounce raisins 6 sakines 1 biscuit 3 cups popcorn

Every time athletes run, jump or swim, they use up some of their glycogen. It's easy to understand that an athlete who has m ore glycogen stored in the muscles cells will potentially have more energy. On the other hand, the athlete who has been dieting or not eating enough carbohydrates will have low energy stores; therefore, he / she is more likely to run out of energy. It is essential that athletes "re-Ioad" this energy source every d ay by eating enough carbohydrates. Inadequate glycogen levels can contribute to early fatigue and weakness, w hich in turn can affect performance. Reprillted by permissioll o/the USOc. "TIl e T railli llg Table" isa reg lliar feaf IIreeO/lI1l11 I

of OLYMPIC COACH allthored by Dr AliI! Gralldjeall , USOC chief IllI i rifion COli sultan/. To request a discussio1l topic 0 r receive additional ill/ormation 011 topics il I fhis CO / UI1I11 . please write: A mi Gram/jeall

ÂŁrl. D., II/ tema/iolml Center for Sports Nil tritioll ,502 50l/th 44 Street, Suite 3012

Olllaha, NE 68105-1065.

How much carbohydrates should an athlete ea t each day to replace muscle glycogen? It depends a lot on body size. An athlete with more muscle mass requires more carbohydrates. The athlete's carbohydrate requirements also depend on training routines. For example, an athlete w hose training is primarily sprint work or involves short bursts of power, will have a relatively low carbohydrate requirement-probably less than fi ve grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of 8

30-40 1 bagel 2 slices of bread 1 baked polalo 1 cup fruit yogurt 1 10" flour torh1la 1 cup pasta 1-12 oz. carbonated soda 1 EngtISh muffin 1 cup macaroni & cheese 4 graham crackers 1 Danish pastry 1 cup rice

After the amount of carbohydrate has been calculated, the nex t question is what foods will pro vide carbohydra te? Many food s are high in carbohydrate, such a s bread, potatoes, pasta, cereal, fruit, fruit juice, milk and yogurt as weI as simple sugars such as mapl syrup, molasses, honey and table sugar. Many food labels show how many grams of carbohydrate are in a serving, This will help athletes determine what foods are good sources of carbohydrate. For instance, a cup of rice has 50 grams, while a cu p of green beans has only eight grams, The chart shown on this page gives the carbohyd rate content of many common foods.

Plain carbohydrate foods are generally low in calories. However, after "dressing them up" with margarine, heavy sauce or sour cream, the calorie count increases dramatically. For example, one cup of plain cooked potatoes has 135 calories, while that same cup of potatoes as hash browns has about 325 calories because of the fat added in preparation. So, if the athletes are watching calories, they shouldn' t drench high-carb foods in butter, gravy or margarine. By translating recommended percentages of carbohydra te into real food choices, coaches can help athletes get the fuel they need for high energy performances. Additional information about the carbohydrate co tent of foods is available in several different paperback books which may be purchased at most bookstores, or you may contac t USA Gymnastics merchandise for book titles regarding nutrition. July 1993 TECHNIQUE

ANALYSIS OF SOME

International Research

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE

PARTICII~S (MALE AND FEMALE) IN THE

GYMNAsTICS

CO:MPE'ITII0NS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES BARCELONA '92

he systematic analysis of physical development and physical fitness parameters of humans has always been a matter of great interest for a large number of experts.

FIG, during the Olympic Games in Barcelona, two kinds of investigations were conducted.

Sportsmen, as a specific category of biologic individuals, are subjects of such investigations. The interest in these studies can be explained by the extreme situations in which sportsmen are often placed . The problem of the extreme situations in sport isn't a new one. It is, however, not investigated on a frequent basis. Some experts consider that the happening of extreme situations in sports preparation is hardly useful and necessary, while others think that they are an immanent component of elite sport, or in other words, they are a fundamental part of it. This statement, in our view a realistic position, explains the functioning of adaptive mechanisms in the course of sports training. It means that without the appearance of extreme situations in sports, adequate adaptive changes in the organism of sportsmen, enabling the achievement of higher sports perGraph 1 formances are impossible. Of MEN course, the mentioned processes em. are much more complex and they concern different sub-systems of the organism of sportsmen, and we need more biochemical and physiological information about them. This aspect of the problem Weight Height is, however, not the subject of the WOMEN present communication. In general, kg. em. the functional capacities of men depend on some total body dimensions which bear, though indirectly, a basic information. According to the decisions of the Executive Committee of the

TECHNIQUE July 1993

Weight

prof. Dr. Nicola Hadhiev FIG Scientific Commission

Height

1. Collection of complete data about all the participants (men and women). The following characteristics were recorded: a) age; b) height; c) body weight; and d) best sports performances, for each participant separately. These data were collected mainly with the help of colleagues from the Spanish and the Catalan Gymnastics Federations which were engaged in carrying out the gymnastics competition. In this way, rich and unique data was collected, allowing thorough analysis. The present communication, dealing with only a part of the data analysis, was the first step in this direction. 2. A biomechanical investigation was carried out on the initiative of the Medical Commission at IOC. All the competitors on rings and horizontal bar in the Olympic Games '92 were studied. These studies were cond ucted wi th the help of the International Gymyrs. nastics Federation. President of the FIG, Mr. Yuri Titov, addressed a special letter to his Excellency Prince De Meerot, President of the Medical Commission at the IOC. Now, the data are statistically Age treated and soon will be at our disposal for a specialized analysis. The yrs. Executive Committee of the FIG will decide on further utilization and diffusion. We would only add tha t very useful and in teresting da ta will be obtained, and it will serve our experts and coaches. Age

Graph 3

Graph 2

WOMEN - WEIGHT M ~____________~4~.~ 7 __

MEN em.

kg .

yrs .

Iln'~'~~ !II I Weight

III I Height

III

Age

WOMEN

em.

kg. 41.9

yrs.

16.7

151.5 16.5

146.2

36.6

42 ~---------c:!:!.f.rl 4O ~--------J! 38 e-~--'

36 34

62 30 L-,-=-'--Loo:--'--""""'-"--.L-7-'-kg

WOMEN - HEIGHT 156

I~ ~----------~~ 152 e -- - - - - - - - - - - - - I 15Oe -- - - - - - -1 I48e -,...,.,-=--r.ucr -I 146 1--~~..-..-I

1M 142 140' " <'>1' • I38L-c...:..,.L-t...,..,.-'--L.--'--.L-,-Lem.

IJ.I

!II

.!II Weight

WOMEN -AGE 16.6~____.;; 16;::;.6~_______

Age

Height

16.51 - - - - 1 16,41---1" 16.31--- - - - f 16.2'1--..,.,.-:--1

16.3

16.1 1--~'r-1

Without the appearance of extreme situations in sports, adequate adaptive changes in the organism of sportsmen, enabling the achievement of higher sports performances are impossible.

With the present communication we draw your attention only to the first kind of investigation, set as an objective to be realized during the Olympic Games in Barcelona '92. On Graph 1 the data obtained from the participants in competitions I and II, in a comparative aspect separately for men and women are presented. The analysis of the results indicates that the average body weight of the male gymnasts, participants in competition II, is lower (61.4 kg) compared to participants in competition I (62 kg). The same differences are also observed in height respectively 166.1 and 166.9 cm. A significant difference in age of the participants is not present. A similar tendency is observed for female gymnasts. The differences, however, are more significant (Graph 1): body weight-40.3 kg compared to 41.9 kg; height150 .3 cm. compared to 151.1 cm. The differences between the mentioned parameters become greater when we compare the data obtained from the partici pan ts in competitions I and III (Graph 2). The average body weightofthemale gymnasts, participants in competition No III is 59.5 kg, and in competition 1- 62 kg. As 10

you can see, the difference is considerable-2.5 kg. The data about height are respectively 164.7 cm and 166.9 cm, a difference of2.4 cm. The male age is respectively 21 and 22 years. 16.0 15.9 15.8LJL.,-L.J,-=L-L3=O-'--Lla-SI,J-yrs.

The data about female gymnasts are still more categorically differentiated. The difference in body weight is 5.3 kg (respectively 36.6 kg. compared to 41.9 kg.). The average height is 146.2 cm compared to 151.5 cm., conse quently a differGraph 5 ence of 5.3 cm. WEIGHT- MEN kg.

nn n n nn n 62.8

Graph 4

57.7

MEN - WEIGHT ~ f---------------'oo:s-64 ~---------:-:-:-li

kg ,

621----~~

42 ,9

58 56

Europe

MEN - HEIGHT 172 17 I

43.6

America

Asia

Australia

ll-

I-""'ii

!.!Of;

Il10

I-

165.1

~l= 30

I-

t·· l -

I-

losl

Graph 6 HEIGHT - MEN em.

MEN - AGE

~ ~5

24 .5 ~--------------:~

24 23.51 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 23 22.51------,,:::;;.;;rlrIill-l 22 .,'J--JiM-21.5 21 20.5 20

19.5 LJ":-::'L...J'::::-''--''-::>::-''--',,",-;,Lyrs.

Australia

I--

164 I163 l 162 I16 I

Asia

fr"1-

170 169 168 167

em.

Americo

37.9

~~'-=~~~~~~la~slL-

165

Europe

WEIGHT - WOMEN

166

65.4

Europe

America

0 Asia

Australia

HEIGHT - WOMEN em,

nnn n 155

150.4

145.7

Europe

America

Asia

Australia

A similar situation with a gradual increase of values is observed when we compare the data obtained from gymnasts grouped according the the first, second, third and last ten in the individual classification (Graphs 3 and 4). Another comparative analysis which gives interesting and new information is the comparison by continents: Europe, America, Asia, and Australia . On Graphs 5, ~ and 7 the results for m e n and women are shown. The gym-

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

International Research Graph 7 AGE -MEN

n0DD

Europe

America

Asia

Australia

Graph 8

AGE-WOMEN

MEN - HEIGHT

DD D 17

Europe

America

Asia

o Australia

nasts from Asia indicate remarkably low values in weight. For instance, the average body weight of the gymnasts from Asia is 57.6 kg., while the respective value for European gymn asts is 62.8 kg . for American gymnasts-65 .4 kg. As you can see, the d ifference is considerable-7.8 kg. The compa rison of the results of female gymnas ts by continents is still more indicative. Rem arkably low values in weight charac terize the Asia tic female gymnasts, , n a mely : a) body weig ht-Asia (37.9 kg.), America (43.6 kg.), a difference of 5.7 kg.; b) J h eight-Asia (145 .7 cm.), America (160.4 cm.) and Europe (154 cm.), i.e. a m aximal difference of 8.3 cm . The data about age indicate that the fe m ale gymnasts of Au stralia are the youngest (15 years) and of Asia (17 years) the eldest. On the grounds of the general analyses of the results, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The investiga tion of characteristics of participants in official competition of the FIG-World Championships and Olympic Gam es-allows u s to discover interesting facts about our sport-artistic gymnastics. 2. The values for body weight, height, a nd age of male and female gymnasts are lower than the statistical average for these parameters of the UNESCO, for the different na tions, regions and continents. 3. The comparative analysis of body weight, height and age of gymnas ts, participati ng in the Olympic Games in Barcelona indicates a consistent decline in the followin g direction : A. from competition I to competition II;

171 169 167 - 1~5 165 163 161 159

170

'" :::J w

1~3

1~1

1~6

fl4

I ()

zG-

--,

'"0) w

<{ (f)

:::J

:;, 0

'" '"

:::J I

1708

:::J

---'

::;

(])

(f)

'"0) (])

Graph 9 MEN - WEIGHT 74.1

75 kg. 72 69-

68.2

64.1

63 60 57

""w:::J

I ()

'"0) w

<{ (f)

:::J

:;, 0

'"0

'" '"

:::J I

(])

::; (f)

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Graph 10 MEN - AGE 24 23

238 238

years

22~8 21 2019 18

,3..!

23.5

'"~

I ()

Z --,

G-

'"0) w

<{ (f)

:::J

23.3

22.8

238

:;,

lfL

'"0 '"

L-

:::J I

---' :::J (])

::; (f)

'"0) (])

average body weight of the gymnas ts from Asia is 57. 6 kg., while the respective value for European gymnas ts is 62.8 kg. and fo r American gymnasts65.4 kg.

Graph 11 WOM EN - HEIGHT 159 156 153150 149.1 147 .3 147 144 141

:;, 0

156

155

156.5

158.3 155.6

144.7

<{ (f)

:::J

I ()

G-

(f)

:::J I

(f)

:::J <{

'" '" <{

<{ ()

'"'" G-

---' :::J (])

B. from competition I to competition III. TECHNIQUE July 1993

The gymnasts from Asia indicate remarkably low values in height and weight. For instance, the

International Research Graph 12

Graph 13

WOMEN - WE IGHT

WOMEN - AGE 50.1

51 kg. 48 45 42 38 35 32 c:

47 45 36.7

(f)

=> «

(I)

« u

'"c: Q.

18 years 17.5 17 - 16.7 16.5 16.5 16 15.5 15

=> co

=> w

18 17 .1 16.5

16.2

(f)

16.7

16.6

Q. (f)

(f)

=> «

16.3

16.1

« c:

c: w

(I)

« U

4. The data about the first, second, third, and last ten groupings in the individual classification mark a gradual increase.

6. The results about age are inconclusive-the greatest age is recorded for the Asiatic gymnasts.

5. When we compare the results by continents, we find that the lowest average values for body weight and height are met in the participants from Asia, and the highest average values in the European gymnasts.

7. Based on the analysis it is possible to make a model of characteristics of the "ideal" male and female gymnasts. Nearest to these models are the average values obtained from the European gymnasts.

INTERNATIONAL GYMNASTICS FEDERATION

(F.I.G.~

•

International 0!nnastics Federation

Code

of Points

1993-1996

The Codes contain the rules revisions as well as difficulty evaluations for all skills.

WOMEN

MEN

#1101

#1201

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RHYTHMIC #1301 $39.95

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July 1993 TECHNIQUE

Fitness Training

HOPPINGAND IUMPINGTO . GYMNASTICS FITNESS Introduction

3. Motions occurring are acceleration, deceleration and stabilization.

Gymnastics is a sport that relies heavily on optimum balance, coordination and synchronous movem ent. The combination of these skills with strength, power and endurance are what gives gymnastics its unique qualities seen in no other sport. Gymnasts gain mastery of balance, coordination and synchronous movement through repetition which enhances and refines their kinesthetic and proprioceptive senses. Kinesthesis is the body's inner awareness of joint movem ent (i.e., how fast, what direction, speeding up or slowing down, etc.); proprioception is the bod y' sinner awareness of static joint position (i.e., how far a joint is bent while stationary). Normally, the gymnast possesses excellent kinesthetic and proprioceptive sense. But, a lot of their sensing ability relies on their use of external cues such as visual or verbal feedback. Have your gymnasts perform simple balance exercises with their eyes closed and watch what happens!

4. The exercises are often functional and sportspecific.

When a gymnast sustains a lower extremity injury, the resultant tissue damage (stretched or torn ligaments, tendons or muscles) and subsequent rest and inactivity, will all contribute to a potentially significant decrease in kinesthetic and proprioceptive sense. Even short periods of rest or inactivity diminish the sensory pathways to the brain. It is well established that ligaments and tendons contain important structures that provide joint feedback; damage to these structures will eliminate that feedback. The following program is designed to enhance the balance and coordination of healthy gymnasts; and to restore and improve the diminished kinesthetic and proprioceptive pathways of injured gymnasts. This program has been used by gymnasts at the University of New Hampshire for both purposes with very evident success.

Basic Principles The underlying premise beneath this program is that it follows the principles of closed chain kinetic exercise. Closed chain kinetic exercises are those performed with the foot on the ground (as opposed to the foot moving freely as in most weight exercises). Advantages to closed chain exercises are: 1. Movements occur above and be-

low the joint being exercised. 2. Muscle contractions are concentric, eccentric and isometric.

TECHNIQUE July 1993

5. The exercises facilitate normal kinesthetic and proprioceptive sense through the action and reaction of movements. We can recognize the applicability of these exercises to gymnastics which requires all of these features for the gymnast to be successful. The basic technique of these exercises are: A) that they are performed while balancing on one leg (except where noted); and B) that they are performed with the eyes closed. It is recommended to let your gymnasts practice the exercises the first few times with their eyes open to get familiar with the program. Key points to make your gymnasts aware of are: 1. When exercising with eyes closed, caution

your gymnast to open their eyes or balance with both feet if they become dizzy or disoriented (especially important with injured gymnasts) . 2. Emphasize the objective is correct performance of each task; not how high or fast they can jump, etc. 3. Provide constant verbal feedback (from a coach or teammate) on position corrections and correct performance. 4. Remind the athlete periodically to concentrate on their sense of body position, muscle actions, joint position/movement, etc. This enhances the sensory pathways. As a general conditioning program, this series of exercises would best be performed every other day, and on days other than lower extremity weight training days, to maximize the effect and minimize stress. It is recommended it be performed after practice as it may cause undesirable fatigue if used before practice. Used as therapeutic exercise following lower extremity injury some special rules need to be followed. The most important thing to remember is that this program may utilize some of the techniques and stresses that produced the initial injury. As such, you must monitor its use carefully and stop or ease off its implementation if pain, swelling, or disability occur or increase!! Additional tips to remember when using this program for injury rehabilitation are:

Figure 1

Daniel R. Sedory, MS,ATC University of New Hampshire

Figure 2

Figure 3

I. Your gymnast should only begin this program when a physician has declared the injury healed sufficiently for them to safely begin full weight-bearing ac tivity.

2. The program should be done five-seven days per week, at the end of daily rehabilitation or practice.

This series of exercises would best be performed every other day, and on days other than lower extremity weight training days, to maximize the effect and minimize stress.

Figure 4 .,o~

1st time: follow the b lack arrows; face towards star at all times.

The following exercises make up this program. Exercises 1-3 are performed as three sets of 15 seconds each exercise; as the gymnast is able to do this successfully, increase to 30, 45, then 60 second duration sets.

One-leg hopping: Stand on exercising leg and hop in place. Don't jump any higher than sixeight inches off the ground.

Mini-squats: Stand on exercising leg and slowly squat down until the knee is flexed to a 45 degree angle; return to standing position.

Figu res 7 and 8

2nd time; follow dotted arrows; face towards # at all times.

Figure 6

Square jumps: Using tape, create a 12" square box on floor (see Fig. 1). Preferably the square would be on mats on a spring floor, or some other padded surface. a.

Front-to-back: Stand on exercising leg with toe on square (foot outside square). Jump forward so toe is touching line on other side of square. Jump backward to starting position. (see Figs. 2 and 3)

Side-to-side: Stand on exercising leg with outer edge of foot against outer edge of one side of the square. Jump to other side so inner edge of foot is against outer edge of square. Jump back to the starting position. (see Figs . 4 and 5)

Technique

.. 0'..

o~路 ~ ~ +t 0"---- 0 # 0.---=---. "'"I: .' " . I : .' -=----. o~ "o~

3. Caution your gymnasts to open their eyes or balance with both feet if they become dizzy or disoriented, or feel they may fall. 4. Also, remind the gymnast periodically to concentrate on his/ her sense of body position, muscle actions, joint position/ movements, etc. This is very important in rebuilding normal internal feedback pathways and restoring the athlete's confidence in his / her body.

Figure 5

Hopscotch: Using tape, create a hopscotch pattern on the floor (see Figs. 6 lind 7). Stllnding on exercising leg, stllrt on first "x" lind hop through pattern in direction of arrows (see Fig. 8). Fllcing the same direction, hop backwards through the pllttern. Complete pattern again , but this time hop diagonals in opposite direction from first time. Gradually work up to five complete, consecutive patterns in each direction.

Five-point Star: Use tape to crente a star pattern on the floor (see Fig. 9). Stllnd on exercising leg and hop to each point of the star in the direction of the arrows (see Figs. 10 lind 11). Begin with one complete pllttern; gradually work up to five consecutive patterns. July 1993 TECHNIQUE

Fitness Training

-V _

* f _\.-.

Y.,./

Figures 9, 10 and

',_ '--

,",

Conclusion

--;.

.->',, ' ~

Jump in direction of arrows: fdce towards' dt dli times.

University of New Hampshire gymnasts have used this program for over three years and demonstrated improvements in both healthy and injured gymnasts. Improvements were particularly impressive in gymnasts returning from knee surgery of all types and those with ankle sprains. The restoration of the gymnast's confidence was evident in her comments and in the performance of her skills. We must emphasize again the importance of providing feedback to the gymnast as they perform this program. Doing these tasks with their eyes closed will be difficult enough for the healthy gymnast, more so for the rehabilitating one! Feedback enhances utilization of internal sensory pathways-beneficial to any gymnast!

Figures 12 and 13

Jump and Stick: These are don e with both feet from a 18-24 inch spotting block to a spring floor . During performance the gymnast strives for balance, equal weight bearing on landing, and a feeling of cushioning of landing in his/ her ankles, knees and hips. The jump sticks are don e in four directions: a.

forward ,

backward,

sideways to the right, and

sideways to the left. Begin with 10 jump sticks to each direction ; gradually work up to 20 each direction.

"Knock al'Ound's": Stand on exercising leg with eyes closed. Partner stands in fro llt of gymnast, alld by pushing alld pulling on the gymnast's shoulders, attempts to knock the gymnast off balance (forwards, backwards, and sideways) . (see Figs . 12 alld 13) Use ca lltioll 1I0t to apply too II1l1 ch fo rce ill the early stages of the prograll1 ! Begin with three sets of 15 seconds duration ; gradually work up to 30, 45 and 60 secollds duration .

TECHNIQUE filly 1993

After using this program for three years, University of New Hampshire has seen particularly . . zmpresszve improvements in gymnasts returning from knee surgery of all types and those with ankle sprams.

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Seqlle/ltial Gymnastics II: The Instructors Gllide (] 992; Hac ker et aI, 108 pp) • Used in conjunction w ith USA Gymnastics PDP Levell Coach Accredita tion, this book is designed specifically for the gy mnastics teacher to provide basic gymnas tics ski ll prog ressions. #3604 $13.00 Rookie Coaches GYl/lllastics Gllide (] 992, USG F/ ACEP, paper, 80 pp) • A combination of coaching ad vice and gymnastics information for the entry-level gy mnastics coach. This book is one of the required texts fo r USA Gymnastics PDP Levell Coaching Accreditation. #3608 58.95

Competitive Men

ment sequences activities: Learn to fall, Across the floor, Over the va ult, On the beam, Around the bars, RhythmiCskills. #3611 $13.00 Movement Activities for Ea rly Childhood (1992, Totsky-Hammett, pa per, 152 pp) • 100+ child-tested movement ac ti vities tha t make lea rning new skills fun for preschoolers. Four movement areas: locomotor, ba ll-ha ndling, gy mnas tics skills, a nd #3622 $15.00 rhythmic ac ti vities. The Jnmp Rope Primer (1 991, Solis & Budris, spiral, 104 pp) • Part I is an introduction to rope jumping; Part II contains over 175 illustrations of specific skills; and Part III provides a n 8lesson unit from the basic 2-foot jump to Double Dutch. #3624 $15.00 The jnmp Rope Primer Video (1 991, 1/ 2" VHS) • Video d emonstrations of a ll the jump rope techniques included in the book, making them easy to understa nd and teach. #3625 $49.95

Gymnastics

FIG Code of Points (] 992-96, FIG, paper) • The official international competiti ve guid eline book with skill difficulty ratings. #1201 $39.95 jllnior Olympic Program - JOPC (] 992, USA Gy mnastics, 3-ring binder, 130 pp) • Includes graded levels of compulsory exercises as well as modified optiona ls. Competi· tions are conducted at the local, state, regional, and national #1202 $29.95 levels. Olympic Development Program- ODP (] 992, USA Gymnastics, paper, 41 pp) • This skills testing program is d esigned to identify talented and promising gymnas ts as well as fo r the educa tion and training of the coaches. #60 $7.50

Competitive Rhy thmic FIG Code of Points (] 992-96, FIG, binder, 213pp) • The official internationa l competitive guideline book with skill di fficulty #1301 $39.95 ratings.

Competitive Women NEW Elemen t SlIpplement (W. P., 3-hole punched , 52 pp) • AddItIOna l vaults a nd elements (Including illustra tions a nd d escriptions) for va ults a nd elements not listed in the Code of Points. The WTC has assigned values for use a t J.O. level. This item is read y for insertion in the new Codes. #111 6 $10.00 NEW j.o. Teclmical Hal/dbook - for jlldges and Coaches (W.P., paper, 98 pp) • The technical rules and regula tions for the J.O. program. This manua l follows the Code of Points forma t and includes a ll the changes and adaptations of the Code for the J.O. level. Text is complete #1117 $15.00 w ith examples of bonus, etc. NEW Score Sheet Tablet fo r FIG optionals (W.P., pa per, 200 sheets) • A ringed tablet of score sheets for optiona l judging . Same as practice sheets used at the Judges' courses. #111 8 $5.00 Compll isory Text (] 992-96, USA GymnastiCS, 3-ring binder, 203 pp) • USG F Junior Olymp ic Compulsory Program, Levels 14 , 5-7 and 10. USGF Pro-member price: #1111 $24.95 FIG Code of Poil/ts (] 992-96, FIG, binder, 226 pp) • The offici al interna tiona l competiti ve guideline book w ith skill di fficulty ratings. #1101 $39.95

Elementary & Preschool Make the Team: Gymnastics for Girls (]991, Whitlock, pa per, 127 pp, Sports Illustra ted for Kids: Little, Brown and Co.) • Designed for youn g girls ex pressing interest in gymnastics, this book includes tips, ad vice, illustrations, and more to help them get started in a sport tha t is grea t fun and great exercise. #3630 $5.95 Designing Preschool Movement Programs (] 992, Sa nders, pa per, 152 pp) • Both a de tailed guide fo r d eveloping a preschool/ movement curriculum and a resource containing d evelopmentall y appropria te movement ac ti vities.#3626 $16.00 Developmental Gymnastics (]990, O'Quinn, paper, 218 pp) • Gymnastics movement ed uca ti on progra m for kind erga rden #3605 $19.95 through 3rd gra de. Fitness Flln: 85 Games and Activit ies for Ch ildre/) (1992; Foster, Hartinger & Smith; pa per; 112 pp) • Provides chi ldren with unique a nd enjoyable ac ti vities tha t consider muscular strength, muscular endu rance, flexibility, a nd card iorespira#3601 512.00 tory fitness. Grea t for K-8. Great Games for YOllng People (1991; Gutafson, Wolfe & King; paper; 152 pp) • Contains60 field-tested ga mes and relays for upper elementa ry through high school. Included : complete descri ptions, game d iag rams, suggestions for modifications, #3623 $12.00 equi pment need ed , and safety ti ps. I Can Do GYlllllnstics: Essential Skills fo r Begillllillg Gymllasts (1992, Hecker et aI, pa per, 139) • This is the stud ent version of Seq ll~nt ial GymnastiCS II . Fully illustrated gymnastics move-

I Can Do GymnastiCS: Essential Skills for In termediate Gymnasts

Sport (General)

joy and Sadness in Children's Sports (1 978, Marte ns, paper, 376 p p) • 36 articles based upon pertinence, succinctness & quality of w riting. The book emphasizes the joy of sports, but also exa mines those events that create sadness. #15 519.95

Posters Bill of Rights fo r Young Athletes (1 984, AA HPERD) • Lists 12 #3603 $5.00 importa nt rights of athletes. Safety Poster #1: Safety Guidelin es (USA Gymnastics) #6101 $5.00 Safety Poster #2: Responsibilities of tlze Gymnast (USA Gymnastics) #6102 $5.00 Safety Poster #3: Mat Safety (USA Gy mnas tics) #6101 $5.00 Safety Poster #4: Safety First! (USA Gy mnastics) #6101 $5.00

Sport Psychology

Advances in Sport Psychology (1 992, Willis & Campbell, cloth, (1993, Hacker, et aI, paper, 179 pp, Masters Press) • The 272 pp) • Text providing broad coverage of resea rch, theory sequel to I Can Do GymnastiCS: Essential Skills fo r Beginner and p rac tical a pplica tions in exercise psychology. Rea l-life GY"lllasts. Intermediate skills for tumbling, va ulting, beam scena rios help readers understa nd how to apply theoretical and low ba r. The "Adva nced Supplement" provides the models and resea rch in the fitness setting. #3617 $42.00 instructor w ith suggestions for skill d evelopment on uneven bars, para llel bars, rings, and pommel horse as well as more hI Pn rs nit of Excellence: How to Win in Sport and Life Throllgh ad vanced tumbling skills. Great for recreation classes! Mental Training (1990, Orlick, paper, 208 pp) • Text covering #3600 $14.95 basic sport psychology techniques of concentration, w in#14 $14.95 ning, losing, a nd competing successfully. Artistic Gy"wnstics: A Comprehensive Gu ide to Performillg nlld Teach ing Skills for Beginners and Advanced Beginners (199 1, Mindset for Winn ing (C urtis) • Thi scoac hing~ is d esigned Turoff, paper, 41 3 pp) . All of the skills covered in this text a re to Improve the me ntal prepara tion of athletes. It is a n entire A-level or easier. Each skill is presented w ith a description of mental training program which includes: coaching ma nual; how it should be performed , a short list of common p robathl e te's log; cass ette, a nd VH S tape. lems, and teaching suggestions. Covers men's and women's #3603 $69.95 events. #50 $21.95 Sport Science Crea ting Gymnastics' Pyramids and Balances (1989, Fod ero & Ergogenic Aids in Sport (1 983, Will iams, cloth, 386 pp) • Thea ids Furblur, spiral, 120 pp) • Pyra mid building is sa fe a nd fun are grouped into 5 ca tegories: nutritional, pharmacological, with the thorough instructions and guidelines found in this physiological, psychological, a nd mechanical.#19 $28.95 guide. Choose from 268 carefull y illustra ted and expla ined formations. #3614 $18.00 Livillg Allatomy (1 990, Donnelly, spira l, 231 pp) • DeSigned fOl physical education teachers, coaches and / or tra iners. Lea rr, Dance Workout: 1-5 (1 992, USA Gy mnastiCS, spiral, 46 p p) • about the human body in a manner tha t is a pplicable to the Educational progra m designed specifica ll y fo r the d evelop#16 $19.50 daily acti vities of yo ur fi eld . mental gymnast. The entire progra m is a lso ava ilable on y," VHS. #21 70 $15.00 Physiology of Fitll ess (1 990, Sharkey, pa per, 432 pp) • An up-todate guide to the prescription of exercise for health, fitn ess & Dance Training for Gymnastics (1 988, Pica, cloth, 160 pp) • For performance. The book is di vided into5 parts: aerobic fitness, d e 'ne gy mnasts, coaches and d ance instructors. purpose:~o the role of d ance in gy mnas tics. #3629 00 muscula r fitness, fi tness & weight, control, fitness & hea lth, and fitn ess & lifestyle. #12 $17.95 Gymllnstics: A Guide for Pa rents and Athletes (1 992, eenley, Toward all Ullderstalldillg of Hll mall Performall ce (1 980, Burke, paper, 171 pp) - An excellent book for beginners as well as paper, 311 pp) • Readings in exercise physiology for the ex perienced gymnasts. Conta ins informa tion to guide pa r#18 $2 1.00 coach and a thlete. ents and athletes in choosing a gymnastics progra m tha t w ill best suit their need s. Provides pertinent information on Sports (General) safety, conditioning, and the guidlines of the sport. Dare to Dream (1 992, Dagge tt, cloth, 235 pp) • Tim Daggett's #3612 $15.00 ow n account of his pursuit of a gymnastics dream. A positive, #3615 $18.00 moti va ting and inspiring story. Health/Fitness Fitness Leaders Handbook (1 989, Fra nks & Howley, pa per, 276 Portrait of all Athlete (1992, Durbin, pa per, 88 pp) • This book pp) • For exercise leaders with little formal training but w ho emphasizes the ideals that ma ke athletes successful in both are responSible for leading safe and effecti ve fitness classes. sports and life. It fea tures ad vice, moti vation, a nd values tha t 1ncludes: eva lua tion, practica l competencies, forms, helpful help young people understand wha t a thletics ca n mean to hints, injury prevention strategies, and much more. #3627 $8.95 their future. #3619 $19.00 Strength/Conditioning Marketing Healtll/Fitness Services (1989, Gerson, cloth, 136 pp) • NEW T.o.P .'s Malllla l (Sands, pa per, 30 pp) • Complete A ma rketing guide showing how to enhance the business ex planation of the Women's Talent Opportunity side of an operation and achieve optimal profi t \vith minimal Progra m. Includes full ex planetionsof physica l abilities tests, fin ancial risk. It takes the read ers step-by-step through writskill tests, a nd all reqUired fo rms. lllustrated .#11 20 $10.00 ing a nd implementing a marketing / business plan. #3616 $21.00 Mell 's 1993 COllditiollillg Program - (1993; Sands, et a l; pa per, approx. 25 pp, USGF Publica tions) • A comprehensive conRopics: The Next jump Fonllard in Fitness (1 992, paper, 168 pp) • di tioning plan designed for the d emands of men's gymnasA great fitness program for all . lncludes34 basic to ad vanced tics. The components of the plan include the Ca listhenic rope techniques and va riations. #3621 $12.95 Strength Program, the fl exibility Program, and Injury PreSeniors on the Move (1986, Ri kkers, spiral, 256 pp) • Selected ve ntion Exercises. Period iza tion charts and illustratio ns of all exercises and health / fitness program fo r seniors. of the exercises are incl uded . #3632 $6.00 #3620 $26.00 Developmellt of the COllditioll illg Fa ctors ill Elite Gymllastics (1989 , Hullner, pa per, 51 pp) • This booklet was origina ll y d evelNutrition oped for the men's events, but a lso has broad a pplicability to Helping A tMetes with Eating Disorders (1 993, Thompson and women's events. #1212 $16.00 the Sherman, cloth, 208 pp, Huma n Kinetics) • This prac tica l gUide explains how sports medicine speCialists, sport psyThe Fifth Evellt - (1992; Sa nds, et al; pa per, 42 pp) • A comchologists, sports nutritionists, and coaches ca n id entify, p rehensive cond itioning p lan designed for the demand s of ma nage, and p revent the three major ea ting d isord ers in wo men's gy mnastics. The components of the pla n include athletes: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disthe Ca listhenic Strength Progra m, the Fl exibility Progran' ord er not otherw ise specified. #3631 $25.00 a nd Injury Prevention Exercises. #3613 $12.50 Coaches Guide to Nlltrition and Weight Control (1990, Eisenman, Strength/Power paper, 192 pp) • A practical guide to sports nut rition which jlllllpillg ill to Plyollletrics (1992, Chu, pa per, 88 pp) • How to translates the sciences of physiology, biochemistry a nd nu tridevelop a safe plyometric training program. Features 90 fu ll y tion into eaSily applied information. Incl ud es an exce llent illustra ted exa mp le pI yo metric exercises. #3618 $12.95 #17 .~ chapter on the signs of eating d isord ers.

If.

;n ..)1)

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

THE TESTIMONY.

THE TEST. The results are coming in . And the Alpha Factor Aerials program is taking pro shops by storm in every corner of the country. Schools and clubs everywhere are giving us high marks for turning a corner of the gym into a dynamic profit center. If you already operate a pro shop, it's time to put Alpha Factor Aerials to the test. Our leotards, shirts, and pants are all made with the same durability and legendary craftsmanship of our competitive wear. But with hot prints, fresh styles, and unbeatable price points to outsell those old consignment goods every time. If you haven't started your pro shop yet, we'll show you how to effectively use our bold displays, posters, and proven merchan~ dising and marketing system that keeps your best sellers in stock. Just write to us on your school or club letterhead , and we'll send you our free brochure. Alpha Factor Aerials. We're up to the test.

Alpha Factor®

Alpha Factor

333 East Seventh Avenue P.O. Box 709 • York, PA 17405-0709 Phone (717) 852-6920 or 1-800-8ALPHA8

AerialsTM

Member: United States Gymnastics Suppliers Association

· DELTA A1RUNES SPECIAL DISCOUNT • •

• •

1993 USA GYMNASTICS THEFAOS

•

Delta Air Lines is offering special discounted meeting fares! To take advantage of these savings, travel Delta round-trip from anywhere within the U.S., Canada, Bermuda Nassau, San Juan, St. Croix and St. Thomas t( your meeting site. Delta and the Delta Connection carriers offer over 5000 flights daily serving 45 states, Puerto Rico, the U.s. Virgin Islands, Washington, D.C., and 57 international destinations. Delta has the best overall record for passenger satisfaction of any major U.s. airline.** To take advantage of Delta's quality service, convenient schedules and special fares, follow these steps: 1. Call, or have your travel agent call 1880-241-6760 from 8 am to 11 pm ESTdaily. 2. Refer to File Number: L0864

• CONGRESS CHIlD CARE

Applicable restrictions must be met. Seats are USA Gymnastics has identified A Caring • Heart, Georgia's oldest and most respected limited. child care agency, to provide on-site care for "Based 01/ consumer coll1plaint statistics compiled by the Atlanta, Georgia U.S. Department a/Transportation since 1971. • children a ttending the 1993 Congress. CONGRESS DATES • Their convention package includes serPre-Congress Sessions: September 8-9,1993 vices such as: age-appropriate activities; toys • Congress Sessions: September 9-12,1993 • and other playtime equipment; and child- • adult ratios which guarantee quality superviCONGRESS HOTEL • sion. Atlanta Marriott Marquis The contact person is Delores Young, Presi• dent of A Caring Heart, Inc. The address, • 265 Peachtree Ctr. Ave. phone and fax numbers are as follows: Atlanta, GA 30303 A Caring Heart, Inc. 404-521-0000 2100 Roswell Road, Suite 2000 HOTEL RATES Marietta, GA 30062 Single/ double $ 99 404-425-2885 or 404-977-3600 Fax: 404-971-8168 $119 Triple/ quad Resel1Jatioll cut-off date is August 19, 1993. Payment for these services will be the com- • plete responsibility of the parents. The hours • GROUND TRANSPORTATION • and payment of services will depend on the Hotel Parking: $12/ day attendance. MARTA (Metropolitan Atlal/ta Rapid Transit Authority): • USA Gymnastics will provide a meeting $1.25 one way from Hartsfield Airport to room at the Marriott Marquis for this service .• the station in Peachtree Center (which The meeting room will be divided into two conl/ects to the hotel via covered walkway) • areas-a nursery and a room set up theatre • style for movies and games for older children . • Official Car Rental Agency: If you register by September 3, there is a 10 Budget Rent a Car of Atlanta percent discount. Mastercard and Visa are· 1993 USA CONGRESS Contact: Melanie Parkins • accepted. References are available by request. • BE A PART OF THE EXCITEMENT 404-530-3000 (call collect) Atlanta Airport Shuttle: DO YOU HAVE SPECIAL NEEDS? ., Learn innovative and tested You will receive a $2 discount coupon for Registered Congress participants who may • TRAINING TECHNIQUES from top round trip service upon registering for • need any special assistance, equipment, or • coaches and former Olympians ... access capabilities should contact S. Whitlock Congress. R.,,\o:u:n:d~tr~iP~IIf!~~~lIl ., Hear the latest in SPORTS SCIENCE shuttle is .. by August 1, 1993 in order that we may have • advances from leading experts ... $12 with sufficient time to be of assistance. tU"v""-., See new GYMNASTICS PRODUCTS and discount ~ro\ess\O"o\ Members the latest equipment... coupon. CHAMPION ENTERTAINMENT Early Registration One way ., Enjoy the PERFORMANCES of the On Thursday and Friday evenings, USA • ~Ie(ei~ed ~Iiol \0 ~u\l. \) from airport rhythmic athletes at the WORLD • Gymnastics Congress participants will have to hotel is $8 <;,115 TEAM TRIALS ... exclusive use of the Champions American late Registration . and the $2 • Sports Bar. If your looking for a place to dance ., Gather with FRIENDS at the annual ~Ie(ei~ed o\tel ~u\l. \) discount and have a good time after attending a full BANQUET... <;'\'iO coupon will day of Congress sessions, we recommend • ., Benefit by NETWORKING with other No,,·members not apply. Champions. coaches, gym owners, program <;,1\0 Tasty food, special fun and games, videos, • administrators, and judges ... Fill out registration form on next page. giveaways and contests, and even KARAOKE! • Join the fun.

HOST CITY

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

SEPTEMBER

9-12,1993

•

ATLANTA,

GEORGIA

CONGRESS COSTS Fee includes:

1993 USA GYMNASTICS

• 1 Credential for entrance to regular Congress sessions, master clinics, and demonstrations on Thursday afternoon through Saturday. And ...

1993 PRE-REGISTRATION FORM Complete one fonn per person- please photocopy form for additional registrations. Name _____________________________________________________ Social Security No. _____________________________________________ USGF Pro # _ _______________________

Exp . Date ______________

Mailing Address ______________________________________________ City _____ _ __ __ _ ___

State ___ __

Zip __________

Name of Club Program ________________________________________ DayPhone _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __

Night Phone _ _________________

Check (.!) appropriate: Program: Title:

Men's Program

Club Owner

0 Coach

Women's Program 0

Administrator

Rhythmic Program 0

Judge

Minimum age for Congress registration is 16 years.

PAYMENT

• 1 Ticket to the annual USGF Banquet. (Additional Banquet tickets for spouses / guests are $40 each-available at registration.) • 1 Ticket to the Rhythmic World Team Trials (Additional tickets will be available on site.)

Note: You must register separately for the PDP Coaching Accreditation courses, Safety Certification course/exam, Skill Evaluators exam, etc. Forms will be available beginning with the June issue ofTechnique magazine.

CANCEUATIONS:

Make check/ money order payable to: USA Gymnastics

1$ '-----------' Visa o MasterCard

Amount Enclosed Charge to: 0

• Free entrance to the Exhibit Hall featuring the industry's finest products. (Additional day passes into the Exhibit Hall are $5.00 each.)

Card No. ___________________________ Exp. Date ___________ Signa ture (req fI ired ) _______________________ Please re turn this registra ti on form to: USA Gymnastics Congress Pa n America n Plaza, Suite 300 201 S. Capi tol Avenue Ind ia napolis, IN 46225

Registration is non-refundable after August 15, 1993 NO EXCEPTIONS No Pre-registrations after August 20, 1993 After August 20, you must register "on-site."

T793

TECHNIQUE July 1993

TENTATIVE 1993

CONGRESS SCHEDULE A

Revised 6/15/93 9/8 Wed.

7:30- 9:00 pm 8:30- 9:00 pm 3:00- 9:00 pm

Congress Registration Booth open USGF / ACEP Sport Science 13.5-hr. LTS Course, Part 1 USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 1, Part 1

919 Thurs.

7:00- 9:00 pm 8:30-11 :30 am 8:30- 1:30 pm 9:00-11 :30 am 12:00- 6:00 pm

Congress Registration Booth open USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 1, Part 2 USGF / ACEP Sport Science 13.5-hr. LTS Course, Part 2 PDP Level I grandparent course Exhibit Hall open - *NOTE: "PI" below refers to Practice Judge session.

SESSIONS: 12:30- 1:45 pm 2:30- 3:15 pm 3:30- 4:45 pm 5:00- 6:15 pm

While, it is too early to offer a complete schedule, the following offers some of the general topic areas.

5:00- 9:00 pm 6:00-10:00 pm 8:00 pm - ? 9/10

Fri.

7:00- 9:00 am 7:00- 9:00 pm 11 :00- 7:00 pm 8:45- 9:45 am 10:00-11:15 am 11:30-12:30 pm 12:30- 2:00 pm 2:00- 3:15 pm 3:30- 4:45 pm 5:00- 6:15 pm

9/11

Sat.

MEN Basic skills J.O. update Program update Landings

Computers Mkting techniques Telecommunications

Elite Bars UBOpt.Skills US Skills / drills

Can We Talk? Conditioning Internat. FX

ODPupdate Pommel horse Conditioning

Warm-ups Teach 2-3 yr olds What I've learned

Promote Clubs Plan Retirement Trampoline

Beam Basics New Nat. Prog. FIG Update

Inter. Protocol BB(PJ) FX(PJ)

Vaulting FX/TU 1997 Code

PSSession PS Programs PSSession

Quality Mgt. Sleep Disorders Nutrition

Special Group meetings Congress Registration Booth open Exhibit Hall open - Sport Science Symposium

9:00-12:30 pm 9:00- 3:00 pm 9:30-11 :30 am 10:30- 2:30 pm 1:00- 4:00 pm

OTHER

Special Group meetings Congress Registration Booth open Exhibit Hall open

7:00- 9:00 am 7:30-12:30 pm 10:00- 3:00 pm

5:15 pm 6:15 pm 7:15 pm 9:30 pm 1:00 am

P.S.!Ed lCan Do Gym! Spotting PS Lessons Style/text

USGF Safety Certification course and exam Special Group meeting and certifications Welcome Party hosted by Women's Prog. St. and Reg. Chairs & Reg. VIII - Champions Bar

Special Group meetings USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 2, Part 1 Attitude Adjustment - Champions Bar

4:005:306:157:309:309/12

JUDGES/I路O. New Code (PJ)* K.O. Overview J.O. Protocol V& US (PJ)

6:00-10:00 pm 7:00-10:00 pm 8:00 pm - ?

8:45-10:00 am 10:15-11:30 am 11:30- 1:00 pm 1:00- 2:15 pm 2:30- 3:45 pm

Sun.

WOMEN J.O. Camp BB Jr.Nat.Testing Elite Vaulting RO Vaulting

TOPs Basic Skills

Elite Judging Elite Judging

TBA Parallel bars

PS Bars PS Session

Sport Science Parents from Hell

Inter. TU Adv. TU

Internat. BB Judge Technique

Horiz. bar Rings

Communication Coach/Counseling

Stress Mgt. Olympics Q & A

Regional meetings Reception USA Gymnastics A wards Ceremony USA Gymnastics Banquet Dance Special Group meetings USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 2, Part 2 Meet Director's Course and exam USGF Safety Certification course and exam USA Gymnastics RhythmiC World Team Trials

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

SEPTEMBER 9-12, 1993 โ ข ATLANTA, GEORGIA Use this form to register for any of the 1993 USGF Congress tests, examinations, certifications, accreditations, etc., in which you plan to participate. PLEASE, one name per registration form. arne _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __

ยง# _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Address ______________________________________ _____ Cit y _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

State_____

Phone (da y )

Phone (night) ___ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

USGFpro # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

_ __ _ __ _ __

Zip _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Ex pira tio n Da te _ _ _ __

Check ("1/) all appropriate "add-ons" Safety Certification Courses-2 courses to choose from: 01. Thursday, 9/ 9, 5:00 pm-9:00 pm 02. Sunday, 9/ 12, 10:30 am-2:30 pm Professional Development Program (PDP) Coaching Accreditation o 1. Level I Grandparent Course Thursday, 9/9, 8:30 am-ll:30 am

Promember

Nonmember

$60

$75

$60

$75

$35

N/ A

$60

$75

SubTOTAL

(Criteria: USGF Pro- membership, Sa fe ty Certi fica ti on, a nd submission of a resum e indicating minimum of 4 years of coaching / ad mini strati ve experience. Co urse incl udes both books and video clinic rev iew .)

2. USGF / ACEP Sport Science Courses-2 courses to choose from. NOTE: Course enro llment is limited to 50 per course. Firs t come, firs t se rved basis. Yo u MUST pre-register for th ese courses.

NOO -SITE REGISTRATION.

o A.

Part I: Wednesday, 9/ 8,3:00 pm-9:00 pm Part II: Thursday, 9/ 9,9:00 am-ll :30 am

o B.

Part I: Friday, 9/ 10, 6:30 pm-9:00 pm Part II: Sunday, 9/12, 9:00 am-3:00 pm

$60

$75

$175

N/A

03. ACEP Sport Science LTS- This "Instructor's" course is 13.5 ho urs in duration. NOTE: Course enrollment is limited to 35. Fi rst come, first served basis. You MUST pre-reg ister for this course. '0 ON-SITEREGISTRATION.

Part I: Wednesday, 9/ 8, 8:30 am-9:00 pm Part II: Thursday, 9/9,8:30 am-l1:30 pm (C riteria : USGF Pro-membership, Safety Certificatio n, a nd submission o f a resume indi ca ting minimum of 4 years of coaching / admini stra ti ve experi ence.)

Women's Program examinations: 01. Level 1-4 Skill Evaluator's Examination Thursday, 9/ 9, 7:00 pm-8:00 pm

$15

02. Meet Director's Course and Exam Sunday, 9/ 12, 9:30 am-ll:30 am

$10

Congress Registrants

Non-Congress Registrants

Rhythmic Program 01. Rhythmic National Level Judges' Certification Course Wednesday, 9/8,1 :00 pm-9:00 pm Thursday, 9/ 9, 9:00 am-9:00 pm Sunday, 9/ 12, 9:00 am-ll:00 am (written test)

Registration is non-refundable after August 15, 1993 -No Exceptions No pre-registra-

tions after August 20,1993, $40

$60

$15

$30

$15

$30

$15

$30

There is no fee for eighth cycle natio nall y certi fied judges who are registered fo r Congress.

02. Level 5 Judges' Certification Course Thursday, 9/9, 9:00 am-12:00 noon 03. Level 6 Judges' Certification Course Thursday, 9/ 9, 9:00 am-12:00 noon 04. Level 7/ 8 Judges' Certification Course Thursday, 9/ 9, 9:00 am-1:00 pm Sunday, 9/ 12, 9:00 am-ll :00 am (written test for 5, 6, 7/ 8)

Total amount enclosed ________ Make check / money order payable to: USA Gymnastics 0 MasterCard Card No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __

o VISA

Exp. Date T793

Signature ________________________

Please return this registration form to: USA Gymnastics Congress, Pan American Plaza Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46225

SITE SELECII0N This is part two in a series designed to help meet directors improve events under their direction. This discussion focuses on site selection.

nce the type of competi tion has been determined (local, state, regional, national, international), and a basic budget has been completed, the process of pre-event planning becomes more active.

Mike Juszczyk Director of Special Events USA Gymnastics Events Department

The next area of concern is the selection of a site for the competition. While most local clubs are able to handle a local competition, very few club facilities are large enough to meet the needs of a state, regional, national or international competition. A more suitable site for these types of competitions, such as a high school, college or city arena should be determined . The following is a short summary of venue specificiations that can be used as a guideline to determine an adequate facility .

Floor surfaces • Wooden floor. This surface is found most commonly in gymnasiums and is preferred. • Concrete floor. This surface is found most commonly in arenas and, if used, will require base mats under all equipment to soften landing impact. Regardless of which surface is available, special attention is given to how and where the equipment is placed in order to take advantage of any existing floor plates. Very few arena surfaces have floor plates.

Seating capacity Again, keep in mind the type of competititon and the number of competitors in the competition. Adequate seating is a must. Seating for 2,000 to 4,000 spectators will provide more than enough room for most competitions. Seating capacity should be higher for international competitions.

Lighting Most gymnasiums have good indoor lighting. However, if the competition is to be televised on local cable or network, a 150 footcandle rating is required for television needs.

Temperature Description of arena • 90' x 130' competition area. This area provides enough room to set up both men 's and women's equipment; and, if necessary, plenty of seating space for the athletes and judges as well as an event production table. • 30' ceiling height. This permits an adequate unobstructed overhead area . Most gymnasiums will have no problem meeting this requirement. Be aware of hanging speakers basketball backboards and other obstructions. • Additional warm-up area (same dimensions). This is necessary if a "Capitol Cup" format is used or if the competition involves multiple sessions.

This factor is often overlooked, but is critical for the athletes' comfort. Recommended temperature is 35°C (72°P) or slightly lower.

Production needs • Public address system. Adequate for voice announcements and music. • Microphone on floor stand . • Microphone on table stand with on/ off switch for announcements. • Eightfootta bles-8-1O forthe prod uction group and the judges.

Support facilities • Separate locker rooms for men and women. • Athletic training or medical room. July 1993 TECHNIQUE

EventA1anagement

• Hospitality room for athletes, coaches and judges. • Meeting rooms for judges. • Spectator restrooms.

Set-up and striking equipment The facility chosen should be easily accessable for loading and unloading equipment. A loading dock and forklift is generally available at any major arena and can be negotiated into the contract.

Arena costs For most meet directors, this will be the primary area of concern. Most often the more suitable the facility is to your needs, the higher the cost. The meet director's job is to find the best facility at the lowest cost.

Summary These suggestions should provide guidelines for selecting a facility to host gymnastics events. Also, the men's, women's and rhythmic Rules and Policies books provide additional resource information regarding site selection criteria. Choosing the site to host an event can be a time consuming, tedious task; however, keep in mind the facility selected will be home for the competition. The more comforta ble everyone is, the easier the competiton will be to manage.

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M A H 0 N EY

L~s Y S T EMS

SWING

PROGRESSIONS 1.

The gymnast hangs from the bar with the head neutral or a little down. The shoulders should be stretching maximum tall and relaxed. The stomach is in and the bottom tight. The legs are squeezing together with pointed toes. 2. The gtjl11nast lifts the legs up a minimum of horizontal or higher. (Illu stration 1, Figures A-B) 3. Then drops the legs down/back-keeping the arms straight. (Figures B-C) 4. The gtJlnnast then moves his/her toes to the bar. The head is down, chest hollow and the stomach is in/up. (Figures C-D) 5. The toes continue to move up, fllustration 1 the bottom also moves up. The , should be hollow in gymnast A-l>B A the chest with the head down . 45째 , (Figures D-E) , The body continues to move 6. , 3~ ' , 3~ ' up following the toes, the chin on the chest. The hands begin -.J.-..-" to push back when the hips , , are higher than horizontal. Don't open much. Be sure the hands are pushing tall. The \ : pauses a little before gymnast , c-o , the body begins the down , , , swing. The body position \ ,' \ ,' \: \ : \ ' must be a little hollow on the way down . (Figures E-F) ,' , 7. The body position should be "-> , 45' , straight about 45째 before \ '-> , vertical. (Figures F-G) , ' G-H 8. After this, the heels start to go ,./ down/back to 45째 on the ,, 45' opposite side. (Figures G-H) ' /' /' The heels stop moving ~H - I backwards after 45%. The bottom is tight and the body position will be straight again 1- J --> J - K , 45째 from vertical. (Figures G-

Vladimir Artemov Women's Program National Coaching Staff

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1::5

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The stomach begins to go in, the gtJlnnast is more hollow in the chest and the chin is in . The hands push on the bar. There should not be any arch/angle in the shoulders. The body should look almost like an arc of a circle. *Feels like the whole body is going on the bar. (Figures H-I) July 1993 TECHNIQUE

Bar Technique

10.

When finishing the backward swing

down , (eyes must see the whole body), maintain a little hollow in the chest,

the gymnast will pause/s top. Body position: pushing tall on the bar, head down, hollow in the chest, stomach in, bottom tight, legs straight and

The legs are straight and squeezing

squeezed together with pointed toes. This body position should be held

together with pointed toes . (Figures M-N)

longer for the more powerful swing/ kick down. (Figures 1-])

15.

Important: The gtjmnast does not do a

After the backward pause, the forward swing begins. How the gymnast

giant. The gymnast just swings to the handstand on both sides. This swing develops understanding of how the

performed the backward swing will be how the gymnast performs the forward swing.

gymnast has to work/feel. This is helpful for dismounts, giants and release moves.

The shoulder angle will remain 45% with the toes down a little lower. (Figures I-J) 11.

stomach in/up (up to the chest), bottom tight. Note: There should be no pike.

fllustratiol1 2

Moving through vertical: The gymnasts' arms should be straight. While the shoulders are vertical, the body position should be: head down,

Illustration 2 shows some

chest a little open, stomach in/up, hips open, bottom tight, legs straight

conditioning exercises that are helpful in the development of proper body position and

squeezing together with pointed toes. In the same body position the gtjlnnast will pass vertical. (Figures J-K) 12 .

15x3 + 15x3

~/j

After passing vertical, the gtjlnnast starts the kick. The kick is from the hips, stomach, chest, and the head is down. **There should be no piking. (Figures K-L)

swing technique.

When the toes are vertical: the hips are up, stomach in , hollow in the chest, head down, hands pushing back on the bar. (Figures K-L) 13.

Continue the same steps to go backward-same body position . Figures (L-M)

14.

The gtjmnast swings on the bar to handstand in hollow body position.

lb. 30x 3

lb.

30 x 3

0-> up to 10% of body

Body position: the hands are pushing maximum tall in the shoulders, head TECHNIQUE July 1993

A BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF

nrnCoMPULSORY I-lECHI'VAULT Introduction

Allison S. Arnold U. S. Olympic Committee Technique Evaluation Program

In the sport of gymnastics, a new Olympic quadrennium brings with it the challenge of new compulsory routines-specific sets of skills which must be mastered and perfected in four years. One of the most important compulsory skills this quadrennium for men, is the compulsory hecht vault. While the hecht vault is not new to the sport of gymnastics (it was the compulsory vault at the 1964 Olympic Games), the preflight and repulsion techniques required to perform this vault are new to the gymnasts who must master the hecht vault today. The hecht vault, unlike other vaults being performed in optional competition, requires the gymnast to change his direction of rotation between the preflight and postflight phases of the vault. Consequently, appropriate techniques for the hecht vault differ from techniques used for handspring front or Tsukahara-type vaults which today's gymnasts are more accustomed to performing. In this study, junior and senior elite gymnasts com. peting in the 1993 Men's Winter Cup Challenge in Colorado Springs were videotaped performing the compulsory hecht vault for the first time in national competition. A two-dimensional biomechanical analysis was then done to compare characteristics of high scoring vaults to those of low scoring vaults and to provide coaches with actual quantitative information regarding those characteristics believed to be critical to success. Some of the more specific questions this study attempted to answer include:

•

How well are top U.S. gJjmnasts currently performing this vault? How many of these gymnasts are meeting the basic requiremen ts set forth in the Code of Points that the body angle at contact be at least 20 degrees above horizontal and that the hip angle during postflight be not less than 150 degrees? What characteristics of the compulsory hecht vault, to date, do the most scores reflect? What are the key differences between high and low scoring vaults? What is the best technique for executing the compulsory hecht vault ? What must be done to maximize distance and earn valuable bonus?

Methods Gymnasts were videotaped using a N AC high speed (200 pictures per second) video camera placed in the stands perpendicular to the vaulting horse. Of the 48

vaults obtained on video, 14 of the highest scoring vaults (ranging from 9.30 to 9.55), 14 of the lowest scoring vaults (ranging from 8.15 to 8.65), and an additiona I 10 vaults performed by national team members (ranging from 8.80 to 9.30) were chosen for subsequent analysis . A PEAK Performance, Inc. motion measurement system was then used to transfer the video images of each gymnast's board contact, preflight, horse contact, and much of postflight to a computer by a process called "digitizing. " Each vault was digitized at a picture rate of 100 Hz, meaning that every other video picture was digitized. Upon completion of the digitizing process, twodimensional coordinates (vertical and horizontal) for each gymnast's toe, heel, ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, and head positions were scaled to actual dimensions and used to evaluate critical components of the gymnasts' vaults. These components of interest are listed in Table 1 and are shown schematically in Illustration 1. Most of these parameters, such as the gymnasts' horizontal and vertical velocities during preflight, body angles at contact, shoulder angles at contact, hip angles during repulsion and postflight and heights attained during postflight, were calculatel from the digitized images using the PEAK computer software. Because gymnasts' landings were not obtained on the video, their postflight distances were not measured directly but were instead estimated from the positions and velocities of the gymnasts' centers of mass at take-off from the horse. Preflight times were

TABLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND NOMENCLATURE Parameters

Definition

(enler 01 moss (CM)

approxima1e body nnter 01 gymnosI, eslinated from published cadaver

horizonlal velocity (Yh) verti(al velocity (Vv) body angle shoulder angle hip angle preflight time (ontoct distance postflight height postflight d~ton(e

Events/Phases of Vault board (ontact board toke·off ham! (ontact hone toke·off preflight repulsion postflight

data [DempsIer Yio Wilder 1990] veIod1y of gymn"s"s CM in horizontal (lommI) _Idion veIod1y 01 gymnosI's CM in YIIIkaI (upward)_1dion angle lormed by the gymnosI's wrist-onkle line and horizontal angle formed by the gymnosI'S wrist, shedder, and hip join1I angle formed by the gymnosI's shoulder, hip, and knee jo/n1s lime from board iakHfilO hone (onlad horizontal dis!an<e btlwHn the gymnosI's hands and the Inr end 01 the hone maximum heigh! above ground anoined by the gymnast's CM during postflight distonce of travel 01 the gymnast's CM during postflight, eslinated from the po!ition and velocity of the gymnast's CM of takHf! from the hone, and meosureel from the far end 01 the hone

Abbrevlatioll/Defiaitloa B(

BT H(

HT H(·BT HT·H( HT+

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

Men's Vaulting earned bonus points for distance. It will be interesting to see how these statistics change at next year's Winter Cup Challenge as gymnasts' hecht vaults improve with continued work in the months ahead.

fliustration 1

Comparison of High and Low Scoring

estimated by counting the number of video pictures between the time a gymnast left the board to the time the gymnast contacted the horse. Finally, gymnasts were categorized into groups and statistical comparisons were made. For example, gymnasts were grouped according to score and t-tests were done to compare parameter means for the 14 highest scoring vaults (mean score of 9.40) to those for the 14 lowest scoring vaults (mean score of 8.40). Gymnasts were also grouped according to the degree of hip flexion (pike) they exhibited during postflight. In this comparison, "Group A" gymnasts were those who exhibited hip angles of 175 degrees or greater (predominantly arched) throughout the repulsion and early postflight phases of the vault, "Group B" gymnasts were those who exhibited hip angles between 150 and 175 degrees (predominantly hollow or straight) during the repulsion and early postflight phases of the vault, dnd "Group C" gymnasts were those who exhibited hip angles smaller than 150 degrees (excessive pike) during the repulsion or early postflight phases of the vault. One-way analysis of variance techniques were then used to compare parameter means for these three groups. For all statistical tests, p-values of 0.05 or less were considered significant.

Vaults: "Stick figures" comparing one of the high scoring vaults (9.55) to one of the low scoring vaults (8.50), generated from the digitized images, are shown in Illustration 2. As this figure clearly indicates, the better vaulter genera ted greater heel dri ve off the board, contacted the horse at a greater angle relative to horizontal, exhibited a greater (more open) shoulder angle at contact, and achieved greater height during postflight than the other vaulter. But what are the magnitudes of these differences? Which parameter had the greatest influence on the gymnasts' scores?

One of the most important compulsory skills this quadrennium, for men, is the compulsory hecht vault. While the hecht vault is not new to the sport of

fliustration 2 B

Results And Discussion General Observations The results of this study indicate that at this point in the quadrennium, U.s. elite gymnasts are still learning appropriate preflight and repulsion techniques for the compulsory hecht vault and thus have considerable room for improvement. Of the 38 gymnasts analyzed, only 14 gymnasts (38 percent) met the requirement that the body angle at contact be at least 20 degrees above horizontal. Only 23 gymnasts (60 percent) met the requirement that the hip mgle during repulsion and postflight be no less than 150 degrees. No gymnast attacked his approach at full speed, and no gymnast TECHNIQUE July 1993

The data needed to answer these questions and to make a more quantitative comparison of the high and low scoring vaults are presented in Tables 2 and 3. Table 2 lists means, standard deviations, and rangesofcritiTABLE 2 COMPARISON OF PREFLIGHT AND CONTACT PARAMETERS cal preflight parameters FOR HIGH AND Low SCORING VAULTS computed for 14 of the highP-valllt'S rlTC lis/ed for JXlrrllI1l'tm for which high and low scoTing valllis difft'ft'd significant/I/. est scoring vaults (mean High Scoring Low Scoring score 9.40) and 14 of the lowp.y- est scoring vaults (mean (n=14) Parameter (n=14) 5.5±0.4 mls 5.8 ± 0.5 mls mean ± so score 8.40). Table 3 lists the (6.4 ·4.9 mis) Vh@BT same statistics for repulsion (max· mini (6.0 ·4.6 m/s) 3.7 ± 0.2 mls 3.HO.4m1s mean ± SO and postflight parameters. Vv@BT (4.2·2.6 mls) In both tables, p-values are (max · mini (3.9·3.4 misl .OS 1.2 ± 0.5 m/s 1.7 ±0.4 mls mean ± SO given for those parameters (2.8 . 1.2 m/s) Vv@HC for which group means dif(max· mini (1.7 ·0.03 mis) .01 241 5deg 8 Hdeg fer by statistically signifimean ± SO (15 · 0 degl bodyongle@HC cant amounts. 0 (mo"minl (34·16 degl

meon±SO shoulderongle@HC (mo"minl meon ± SO contoct distonce

preflighllime

(max· mini meon ± SO (mo"minl

142± 5 deg (148 · 131 deg)

128±13deg (148 · 107 deg)

.001

18±8(m (39·9 (m)

40±10em (61·27 em)

0.28 ± 0.04 5e{ (0.37 . 0.23 sec)

0.21 ±0.14se< (0.26 · 0.17 se<1

As shown in Table 2, the preflights of the low scoring vaults, in general, were very differen t from the preflights of the high scoring vaults. The only pre-

gymnastics, the preflight and repulsion techniques required to perform this vault are new to the gymnasts who must master the hecht vault today.

TABLE 3 COMPARISON OF REPULSION AND POSTFLIGHT PARAMETERS FOR HIGH AND Low SCORING VAULTS P-m/llt'S art' li~ftyl for llI1mmt'lers [or 11'''i[II higll al/d low scoring loarllts diffen'd sigllifiCQl/tiy.

High Scoring

Low Scoring

(11= 14)

(11=14)

Vh @HT

meon ± IO Imox -min)

4.2±0.4m/1 15.0 - 3.6 m/I)

4.3±0.Sm/I (5.2- 3.4 ms)

Vv @HT

meon ± IO Imox- min)

2.2± 0.4 m/I (2.9 -1.6 m/I)

body ongle @ HT

meon ± IO Imox -min)

2.0 ± 0.3m/1 12.3 - 1.3 m/I) 34± 5 deg 141- 27 deg)

Parameter

meon ± SO shoulderongle @HT Imox·min) meon ± IO hipongle Imox pike) Imox -min)

At the 1993 Winter Cup Challenge, body angle at contact seems to have been a key determinant of score. Gymnasts' postflight distances, upon which bonus is based, simply did not differ enough at this competition to have had much influence on gymnasts' relative scores.

pOllflighlheighl

meon ± IO Imox-min)

pOllflighl dislonce

meon ± IO Imox · min)

91 ± 10deg 1113 · 77deg) 157 ± 20 dog 1190 · 117 deg) 2.3±0.1 m 12.5 m· 2.1 m) 2.9 ± 0.4m 13.5· 2.2 m)

p-y-

16±6 dog 128 · 7 dog)

73± 16 dog 1110 · 45 deg)

.001

156 ± 26 deg 1187 · 105 dog) 2.2±0.1 m (tS · 2.0m) 2.6±0.5m (3.5 . 1.9 m)

flight parameter for which the two groups did not differ significantly was horizontal velocity (measured at the gymnast's center of mass) at board take-off. This observation is not surprising because as mentioned earlier, no gymnast approached his vault at full speed. In the future, as a gymnast's quickness and confidence increases, his approach speed should also increase to achieve maximum distance during postflight. Gymnasts' vertical velocities at board take-off and horse contact, in contrast, did differ significantly. The high scoring vaulters, in general, had greater vertical velocities at board take-off than the low scoring vaulters. That is, a typical vaulter in the high scoring group exhibited a faster rise and greater heel drive off the board than a typical vaulter in the low scoring group. At contact, however, the high scoring vaulters had smaller vertical velocities than the low scoring vaulters. Whereas a typical vaulter in the high scoring group had slowed his rise considerably by the time he contacted the horse, a typical vaulter in the low scoring group contacted the horse while his body was still rising. The differences in the gymnasts' vertical velocities observed at board take-off are also reflected in gymnasts' body angles at contact. While 12 of the 14 gymnasts in the high scoring group met the minimum requirement that the body angle at contact be greater than 20 degrees above horizontal, none of the 14 gym-

TABLE 4 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SELECTED PARAMETERS AND SCORE

nasts in the low scoring group met this requiremen~ Gymnasts in the two groups also differed in tht shoulder angles and positions on the horse at contaCt The high scoring gymnasts, on average, were more extended in their shoulders at contact and consequently, were in a better position to exert a blocking force on the horse than the low scoring gymnasts. The high scoring gymnasts were also in the air for a longer period of time during preflight and contacted the horse much closer to its far end than the low scoring gymnasts. Fewer significant differences between high and low scoring vaults were observed in the repulsion and postflight parameters. As shown in Table 3, the high scoring gymnasts' velocities at take-off from the horse were not significantly different from those of the low scoring gymnasts. Because position and velocity at take-off from the horse determine postflight height and distance, the high scoring gymnasts' postflight heights and estimated distances also did not differ significantly from those of the low scoring gymnasts. The data also indicate that gymnasts' hip angles in the air did not differ in a systematic way between the two groups. While gymnasts' hip angles varied considerably (some

Illustration 3 A

(

~rf/ Illustration 3 B

fl/u stration

I I

P·m/llt'S IIrt' fisli'd for ,walllrlas for it'iJieli com/aliolls art' stalislimlly sigllificallt.

Parameter

Correlation

bodyongle @H(

0.77

hip ongle (mox pike)

0.05

poslflighl heighl

0.33

poslflighldislonce

0.22

P·Yalue

.05

gymnasts piked as much as 105 degrees and other gymnasts arched as much as 190 degrees), the mean hip angle for both the high and low scoring groups w; around 157 degrees. In contrast, gymnasts' body ang and shoulder angles at take-off from the horse did differ significantly. The better gymnasts left the horse with a greater shoulder angle and a greater body angle relative to horizontal than the low scoring gymnasts.

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

Men's Vaulting To determine which charac teristics of the compul;ory hecht vault had the greatest influence on judges' scores, correlations between selected parameters of interest and gymnas ts' scores were computed. The results from these calculations are presented in Table4. As indicated in the table, gymnas ts' scores were influenced most strongly by body angle at horse contact, followed by postflight height. Scores were only slightly correlated to hip angle during postflight or to postflight distance. Thus, at the 1993 Winter Cup Challenge, body angle at contact seems to have been a key determinant of score. Gymnasts' postflight distances, upon which bonus is based , simply did not differ enough at this competition to have had much influence on gymnasts' relative scores.

Comparison of Repulsion and Postflight Techniques

Illustration 4 B

(

)

(

Vf¥

Table5lists means, standard deviations, and ranges of selected parameters for comparing the Group A vaulters (hip angles of 175 degrees or greater), Group B vaulters (hip angles between 150 and 175 d egrees) Illustration 4 C and Group C vaulters (hip angles smaller than 150 degrees). Interestingly, no significant differences were observed in the distribution of scores for gymnasts in ( these three groups, nor were differences observed in average preflight parameters such as body angle or shoulder angle at contact. Gymnasts in each of these groups did, however, tend to use different repulsion ,nd postflight techniques. For instance, a typical Group .\ gymnast closed his shoulder angle (mean shoulder angle of 73 degrees) and arched (mean hi p angle of 182 degrees), driving his chest upward, upon leaving the scoring vault in Group A (9.50), Group B (9.55), and horse. A typical Group C gymnast, in contrast, had a Group C (9 .40). These gymnasts contacted the horse at much more open shoulder angle (mean shoulder angle angles of 21, 23, and 34 degrees, respectively. Their of 93 degrees) and piked (mean hip angle of 132 d e- shoulder angles at contact were 137, 145, and 131 degrees), lifting his hips rather than his shoulders, upon grees, their shoulder angles at take-off were 77, 85, and leaving the horse. Consequently, the gymnasts in these 109 degrees, and their minimum hip angles (maximum groups did not, on average, attain the postflight dis- pike angles) were 190, 156, and 132 degrees. Gymnast C tance that the gymnasts in Group B did. While the achieved the greatest postflight height-2.50 meters compared to 2.26 better vaulters in meters for gymnast Groups A and C TABLES A and 2.30 meters were able to travel COMPARISON OF SELECTED PARAMETERS gymnast Bfor the same distances FOR GROUPS A, B, AND C P-m/llt's art' /islt'li for Jlnramt'frrs for whicl! groups differed SigllifiC(IIIl/y. due in part to his as the better vaultpiked body posiers in Group B, the Group A tion which elevated lower scoring vault(n=9) Parameter ers in Groups A and J-'-=:..c::.::.:.::..:..:..:-----I---!=.:........:.!......--+.!::......:....::!.---J....!==~his center of mass 8.93± 0.5 mean ± so at take-off. GymC traveled signifi(max· min) (9.50 -8.30) nas t B, however, cantly shorter dis- score 15±7deg 15± 10 deg meon ± 50 achieved the greattances than th e (33 - 0 deg) est postflight disbady angle @ HC vaulters in Group B. (mox · min) (27 - 7 deg) tance-appro x i132± 12 deg 134 ± 14 deg mean ± SO Illu s tration s 3 mately 3.2 meters (144 112 deg) (148 107 deg) shoulder angle @ HC (mox -min) and 4 illustrate compared to 2.8 73 ± 11 deg 81±14deg mean ± SO qualitatively some meters for gymnast (98 - 45 deg) of the differences in shoulder I @ HT (max -min) (89 - 51 deg) A and 2.6 meters for techniques used by 182±5deg 160±6 deg mean ± SO gymnastC-dueto gymnasts in the (166 151 deg) (mox-min) (190 - 175 deg) his greater horizon'1ree groups. Illus2.3+0.1 m 2.2±O.1 m me on ± SO tal velocity at con(ration 3 shows stick (2.5 - 2.0 m) height (max-min) (2.4 -2.1 m) tact and take-off figures, genera ted 3.0±O.4 m 2.6 + 0.5 m mean ± SO from the horse and from the digitized (3.5- 2.5 m) postflight distonce (max - min) (3.3 - 1.9 m) his superior blockimages, for the top

TECHNIQUE July 1993

No significant

differences were observed in the distribution of scores for gymnasts in the three groups, nor were differences observed in average preflight parameters such as body angle or shoulder angle at contact. Gymnasts in each of the groups did, however, tend to use different repulsion and postflight techniques.

ing technique. For comparison purposes, similar stick figures are shown in Illustration 4 for a low scoring vault in Group A (8.35), Group B (8.30), and Group C (8.15). The gymnasts in this figure contacted the horse at angles of only 10, 0, and 15 degrees, respectively. As the illustration indicates, all three gymnasts made mistakes in the preflight and repulsion phases of the vault which, in turn, made clearing the horse difficult.

Conclusions A Biomechanica l Analysis of the CompulsonJ Hecht Vault

The data from this study suggest that the preflight and repulsion phases of the compulsory hecht vault are critical. Gymnasts must attain the rise and rotation off the board necessary to achieve the desired body position at contact-that is, a contact angle of at least 20 degrees above horizontal and a shoulder angle as extended as possible. Such a position puts the gymnast in a good position to exert a strong force against the horse which, in turn, serves to change his direction of rotation and determine his postflight height and distance.

In this study, body angle at contact was the key parameter that distinguished the high scoring gymnasts from the low scoring gymnasts. The high scoring gymnasts had an average contact angle of 24 degrees, while the low scoring gymnasts had an average contact angle of only 8 degrees. In addition, the gymnasts who maintained a hollow body position through the repulsion stage of the va ult (Group B), blocking through their shoulders, achieved greater distances on average than the gymnasts who closed their shoulder angles and arched (Group C) or the gymnasts who lifted their hips and piked (Group A). Lastly, gymnasts' horizontal speeds at board takeoff did not necessarily determine success in this competition. However, because postflight distance is determined by horizontal velocity at take-off from the horse and time in the air, and because bonus is earned by maximizing postflight distance, horizontal velocity is likely to become a more important determinant of gymnasts' scores in the future.

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Preschool Gymnastics

TEACH VAULTING TO PRESCHOOLERS?

YEs I

BUT, MAKE IT fuN!

t seems while teaching the other four events in gymnastics it's fairly easy to develop skills, drills, and stations-but, the vault event poses some challenging problems for most preschool gymnastics coaches. Hopefully, this article will proVide you wi th some new ideas for skills and drills, as well as spark your imagination for innovative and crea tive vaulting activities.

Skills I believe that when teaching vaulting to preschoolers it is helpful to divide the activities into five component parts: the run, the hurdle (step, step jump), the use of the board, the vault position and the landing. If we think in these terms and divisions, it becomes easier to create relevant preschool teaching stations. To effectively teach preschoolers and keep them motiva ted, we need to keep them busy. If you have a station set up for running drills, prepare board drills to get them back in line. If you're working on the hurdle going d own the vault runway, have them do running drills w hile on the way back in line. In va ulting it is often very difficult to have all the students working at the same time. Lines are almost inescapable, and therefore you must carefully prepare your lesson plans before class. I have included w ith this article a list of skills and drills that we use in the Tumblebear program. I'd like to explain a few of the skills in the list. In the Statue Game, Mom and Tot (or instructor and student) are p aired in twos. The teacher or Mom attempts to lift the child to a stand from a lying position while the child stays rigid like a statue. This helps them learn that a tight body transfers energy better and increases their kinesthetic awareness of a tight, hollow body position.

Step, step, jump drills are used to teach the hurdle and are taught by crea ting stations w ith visual cues like round rubber targets. Lay two cues arranged vertically, and then two next to each other. These can be on the floor, on incline mats or on the board . You can also use small hula hoops or chalk marks on the mats. Anywhere it asks for a "trap" , this indicates a trapezoid piece about 18-24" in height. You ca n, of course, substitute a stacked panel mat. TECHNIQUE July 1993

Superman/Wonder Woman is when the student runs, hits the chalk line or board and lies tummy down with arms extended as the instructor carries them. (You should be a strong coach and effective spotter for this one, but it does establish the idea of flight from the board ta ke-off to arrival on the horse. This drill is also helpful in de veloping a "trust" relationship between the student and the coach as spotter). A Bunny Hop is a four point skill starting like a bear walk, but both hands move forward at one time, then both feet-the child should not go to a full squat. (By the way, bunny hops are also a useful preparatory drill for cartwheels). Knee Slapper is a tuck jump, but by sla pping their knees it h el p s the preschoolers to understand to bring their knees forward and upwa rd towards their chests. In the Seat Kicker, the child brings their heels to their bottom in the air. (This drill helps to develop hamstring strength and balance).

Pike Rebounds are performed from a stand on the take-off board , with the student leaning forward while holding onto two stacked trap pieces. This helps them

by Patti Komara

understand the timing of the board. They perform multiple bounces from the board attempting to lift the hips high in the air while pushing down through the arms on the trap pieces.

I hope this information gives you an idea of how slowly and methodically I believe teaching vaultin t should be conducted for preschoolers and beginners. An important point to remember is that many (most) of the vaulting drills can (and should) be taught without a horse. With the use of a board, a trap or panel mat, a low beam and an incline mat, you should be able to come up with hundreds of safe and effective drills to increase your students' vaulting awareness and knowledge without the apprehension they might feel if you simply ask them to run full speed towards this "giant immovable thing'"

Safety Notes

To effectively teach preschoolers and keep them motivated, we need to keep them busy. In vaulting it is often very difficult to have all the students working at the same time. Lines are almost inescapable, and therefore you must carefully prepare your lesson plans before class.

Flanking Around a Trap Piece (with shapes as visual cues) is a great station for students even as young as two years. Prepare one trap piece with vinyl cut-out shapes as visual cues on the trap and on the floor around the trap (use about eight shapes on the trap and eight on the floor). As the preschooler puts their hands on a shape on the trap and flank, the student should call off that particular shape on which they are standing or placing their hands. You can crea te other fun games with this approach-use your creativity! Other skills on our list that you might not be familiar with are explained fully in the USGF's excellent publication, I Can Do Gymnastics: Essential Skills for the Beginner Gymnast.

The Run Basic running technique is very important in gymnastics and other sport activities. I suggest that you introduce this over the course of several lessons and then continue to reinforce the concepts and techniques. For example: Lesson One-Have the students run and hit a chalk line 15 times. Lesson Two-Review hitting the chalk line a few times and then 15 more runs using the board, teaching them to reach their maximum speed when they hit the board.

An important aspect regarding vaulting safety is to always have proper matting around the horse. Bring the horse down to the lowest height possible, I recommend you purchase the eight-inch mat ("horseshoe" mat) or one that fits around the board-young children have a hard enough time trying to just reach and target the board correctly. I consider it vitally important to always mat extensively when teaching preschoolers. As a small caveat I would like to make a point about safety for preschooler and the gymnastics school business. Often our programs represent the first time your preschool student's parents leave their child with anyone for lessons. This alone would make them apprehensive-it is simply imperative to stress the safety.: measures you take, the extra matting you provide, th fact that your instructors are USGF Safety Certified and / or PDP Accredited, and that you hold SAFETY as the number one priority.

Stations I believe that most instructors are familiar with the "mountain" on the uneven bars. You can utilize a similar concept at vaulting. Begin by having your preschoolers just run up a landing mat over the horse (a mini-mountain), getting to the top and jumping off to a stack of

Lesson Three-Teach them the hurdle or the step, step, jump Lesson Four-Review the run drills and add the brush slap technique to encourage the arms to go around and up. Lesson Five-Work on jogging in place then step, step jump. Lesson Six-Work on landings with straight body and no hollow chest. When teaching landings tell the students to envision themselves landing in a bucket of mud, a jar of peanut butter, or a tub of margarine. On successful landings always show a big Ta-Da!

eight-inch skill cushions. Make sure you have the landing mats up high enough on the landing side so your preschoolers aren't dismounting any further than they can propel themselves up. Use this opportunity to reinforce your landing drills. You can also use an incline ma t going up to the horsp and one going down the other side. This station woul not be for landing drills, but more for the ability to run and use the real horse. If you' re looking for another station for preschool run drills, try an incline, mini-

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

Preschool Gymnastics

Often our programs represent the first

tramp, or board going up to the horse and a plastic slide going down. I recommend you not use plastic slides in your preschool gymnastics program just for play, but as a teaching station. Parents might look at the slide and ask themselves why they're ~paying money to have their children play on slides they can buy for them I to use at home. Only let children go down the slide if they do an L-support or other skill on the vault and a good landing when reaching the end. Try putting a carpet square at the end of the slide for a Ta-Da, and then have them do a forward roll to another carpet square and another good Ta-Da! A great place to use a slide is under the low bar. When the student does a forward roll dismount they land on 'he slide and then get to slide down and a Ta-Da! This keeps it fun AND serves as a reward .

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horse and then have them, jump off with a dismount to stacked eight-inch skill cushions. In this way th~ children will become more comfortable with this imposing piece of apparatus. Another station suggestion is a plank up to the horse. From the horse, the child jumps to a mini-tramp and does a tuck jump, pike jump, straddle jump, seat kicker or knee slapper onto a landing mat. (You may want to spot this.)

,... -'" ' \

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I also like to use a ladder or plank up to the horse with a mountain down the other side. (If you are using a ladder anywhere in your program I recommend you use a plank under it so there is no chance for a child to step through the rungs and hit their face .)

\ .\l

You can also use the horse in the middle of one of your circuits or obstacle courses. For example, put a tunnel to an incline mat, connect it with a ladder to the

TECHNIQUE July 1993

apprehensive-i t is simply imperative to stress the safety measures you take, the extra matting you provide, the fact that your instructors are USGF Safety Certified and/or PDP Accredited, and that you hold SAFETY as a number one priority.

time your preschool student's parents leave their child with anyone for lessons. This alone would make them

Preschool Gymnastics

Pa tti has owned and operated her own gymnastics school for the last 24 years in Dyer, Indiana. Patti has 1500 students in gymnastics, Tumblebear, dance, Step Reebok, cheerleading, swimming and her mobile gymnastics program. She has produced over 25 videotapes on instructing preschool and business topics. Ms. Komara is USGF Safety Certified and is a certified aerobics instructor with AFFA and ACE. For more specific informa tion on this topic and many others concerning preschool gymnastics and business, contact Patti Komara for her latest catalog of resources. (219) 865-2274 or 1530 Joliet St., Dyer, IN 46311 .

Other Ideas and Hints 1. Try to think of different ways to utilize various complimentary pieces of equipment such as incline mats, mini-tramps, planks, ladders, boards, or octagons (clamped together in front of the horse) to create more drills. 2. As a vaulting area to use on the way back from

the horse, put a number of take-off boards down a runway with panel mats over them. Call it "crocodile lane" and have the kids run and hit the boards while pretending to run and jump on all the crocodiles' heads. It helps to mark their "heads" or the place they need to jump with a visual cue.

TUMBLEBEAR PRESCHOOL VAULTING PROGRESSION LIS T PoMi Komoro (see orticle on poge 311

LEVEL A (MOM AND TOT) Run between (ones Run poMerns Run - hit (holk line Run - Supermon/Wonderwomon Step, step, jump drills Boord, trop - tuck jump Boord, trop - pike jump Boord, trop - stroddle jump Stotue gomes No boord, kneel on trop No boord, stroddle on trop Side bunny hops oround trop

3. Another fun station for returning the students back in line is to put stacked panel mats or trapezoid pieces in a row covered with a strip of panel mats. Call this station "hills and valleys" and have them run up and down the various heights. Most equipment suppliers offer preschool vau~t boards designed for students under 70 pounds-don t permit older / heavier students to use them or the boards will break down quickly. To summarize, if you teach vaulting to preschoolers by breaking the teaching process down into the five parts mentioned at the beginning of this ar.ticle, 'you'll be able to create ideas for drills and make It easier for the young students to learn and most of all... have fu Good Luck!

LEVEL B(3 & 4 YEAR OLDS) No boord, squot on trop Hurdle to boord -to B" Hurdle to boord - knee slopper Hurdle to boord - seot kicker Hurdle to boord -Iond ond forword roll Hurdle - kneel on trop Hurdle - stroddle on trop Hurdle - squot on trop Boun(e, 2 turns on boord Boord, trop, jump l/2turn Flonk oround trop using shopes os wes Squot路extend jumps in series (extended long bunny hopsl Pike rebounds from boord to trop Flooting gome Stick like glue

LEVEL ( (S YEAR OLDS) Run, boord- knee on 2 trops Run, boord - stroddle on 2trops Run, mini路tromp - kneel on horse Run, boord - squot on 2trops TripleJ'ump to froword roll (boor , trop, trop, forword rolll Troveling jumps up ond onto beom in squot Troveling jumps over ond bock down beom Cortwheel over trop Roundoff over trop Squot over l/2turn Pike over 1/ 2 turn Squotfrom extended body (feet on tropl Run up incline- hondstond on 2trops Run up incline- hondstond on horse Stroddle on horse Squot on horse Squot on horse l/2turn Run, underorm swing drills (brush/ slop technique)

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

Training

ON'IHE ~NING OFYOUTH

ne of the most common questions to come from the TOPs program is: "What do I do

diving information does not indicate if it is gender specific, I believe there are many things to learn from the information presented.

with a talented child of this age?" The

questions have ranged from how many hours per week should she train to how many elements should she do Figure 1

per day. I've been quite emphatic that I cannot answer these questions because the answers depend on so

Scheme of training objective succesion in connection with development of diving performance - idealtypic model

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many variables about which I have no knowledge.

corrponen\s Irveasingtu.lln,ngbzld Regul1!rC()IT"()etitOOrG

And, perhaps most importantly, the answers are context

dependent. This means that the answers cannot be

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SettingLPSPeC01s!:lliS fraeaslrgt ralnil'lgload

obtained without very thorough appreciation of the

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of talent, facility, famil y, coach's ability, and many

other things. Without intimate knowledge of these I

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context surrounding the athlete{s). The context consists

Wm A_ Sands, PhD_, COS_CS_

c=" ..,". Cor~j,tion ing

Tra ~lng

L.:"'''''''_<:':I:; ~\~'', j_ ,,_ "'_"'_h'_" ____________A!,.e tn years ..!ectmQUe 6 7 8 9

10 11

19 20

Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT

21 22 23

Adapted from Hatlac~. N 1993. Presen\II\ lOn. Gertl\.'lny

'annot supply definitive answers except in the broadest terms. Then, oddly enough, I was sent a most profound pair of diagrams from U.S. Diving's Janet Gabriel. She attended an international coaching conference in Greece and came back with considerable information about the coaching of diving from Germany and the former East Germany. Although divers tend to be somewhat older than female gymnasts when they peak, and the

Figure 1 shows the "ideal" scheme of training objectives throughout the career of the diver. Note that there are many similarities between diving objectives and gymnastics objectives. Moreover, the scheme would be particularly appropriate for what male gymnasts appear to be doing now. Female gymnasts could follow a very similar plan, but compressed in time. These guidelines could prove very useful for the TOPs coach and other coaches of young gymnasts.

Patti Komara's Tumblebear Gym Program 8 Instructional Videotapes 7 New I993 Releases

Item #07 _ New Cartwheel Teaching Ideas ___________________ __ ___ ______________________________________________________________ _______________________ $29_95 This tape is less than 30 minutes, but you won't believe how many ways there are of teaching a cartwheel to a preschooler! Item #08_ Teaching Tumbling to Preschoolers ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ $39_95 If all you're looking for is tumbling, this is the tape for you. Item #09_ Bars, Beam & Vault for Preschoolers _______________________ ____ _______ __________________________ _______________ ____ ___ _______ ____ _______ $39_95 If you're stuck for ways to keep kids busy at these areas and need curriculum ideas, try this tape! Item #12 _ Teaching Mom & Tot Classes _____________________ _________ _____________________________________ ___ _____ __ ______________ _____ _____ ______ ____ $39_95 Patti discuses what to teach, how to do it, teachers, and marketing to recruit tots in your classes. Item #16_ Celebrate the Holidays the Gymnastic Way __________________________________________________________________________________________ __ $39_95 How much should we celebrate the holidays? Patti shows you the excitement holidays bring to class, while keeping gymnastics in the lesson.

School-Age Materials Item #26_ Special School-Age Lesson Plans & Themes __________ ______ _______ ______ _________ _______________________ $39_95 Patti has thrilled you with preschool. Now let her help you with school-age. Patti includes themes to be used for ages 6-12. Item #27 _ School-Age Curriculum Sheets for Boys & Girls ________________________________________________________ $29_95 Patti's curriculum includes 3 levels of skUls in a progressional order separated for girls and boys ages 6-12.

Patti Komara, national clinician since 1981

Use your VISA/Me & order today_ We sh ip within 48 hours (219) 865-2274

1530 Joliel sl. Dyer. IN 4631 1 (219) 865-2274

Training

FiglXe 2 Model of sensitive phases to Improve trainability of Single cOQ(drnative and physical abi lities in connection with respective age ard competition classif ICation of German Fed.

Interestingly, strength is not emphasized until approximately 8 years and is then maintained throughout the career of the athlete. This one I agree with very much.

8. Speed emphasis is made from ages 7 to approximately 12 and one half years. 9.

On The Training Of Youth ~I

in Anlehnurq lin LeIYbI'lef 23 TA 路,.....:xliried from PresentlltlOn Norbert Hallec!:: 199]

Figure 2 shows a great deal more than Figure 1. The phases shown are those of "emphasis" rather than restriction. The most important aspects of Figure 2 was that it confirmed in print things that I have believed for decades, but never saw written down. 1. Movement learning ability is emphasized from ages 9-12 years on this model. This corresponds to what I believe is the period of time when gymnasts I coached learned skills very quickly. It was almost cliche to talk about your hot 12 year old. Interestingly, USGF memberships peak at age 12 and then decline. Further, I noticed that for all the bragging about hot 12 year olds, you seldom ever saw them in future years. 2.

Differentiation and control abilities are emphasized during the period roughly from 10 to 12 years. Again, my experience indicates that this age period is a fertile time for skill learning. Acoustic and optical reaction is emphasized from approximately 8 to 10 years. This refers to reaction time ability from listening and seeing.

4. Spatial orientation, interestingly, is emphasized when the athlete is somewhat older. I found this somewhat surprising. But then I thought about sticking ability, and then an age relationship started to appear. 5.

Rhythmic sense is emphasized from 9 to 11 years while equilibrium is emphasized from 10 to 12 years immediately preceding emphasis of spatial orientation.

6. Of the conditioning components I was most surprised with the emphasis on endurance. I do not agree with this. Endurance was maintained throughout the career of the athlete.

Flexibility was the most interesting of all. I have mentioned in my lectures many times that it appears that the Eastern Europeans, particularly the Russians, knew of a window of youth where flexibility training was most beneficial. When I watched training tapes from Russia I often noticed that the younger athletes got hammered with flexibility training, but that the older athletes tended to do only maintenance flexibility work. Yet these older athletes were extremely flexible. Well, the "window" of time for flexibility development may be shown in this diagram, from ages 5 to approximately 10 years. This may also point out why we tend to have such a horrendous time trying to make teenage gymnasts more flexible.

10. I will leave the psychological components to your interpretation. In general one can also note that all training modes are reduced during the adolescent period, except the endurance and strength training emphasis. This coincides with conversations with Arthur Akopian. He reported that, at least for boys, the adolescent period had reduced training load due to the increased vulnerability of boys to injury during this time of turmoil. With the previous in mind, I think this scheme is primarily designed for males. However, one can see interesting parallels for female athletes if you just compress the phases in time. This has served as a very useful thought provoker for me. I hope that you will study the diagrams closely and see if there are parallels for you and possible applications. As you look at the different age groups in a vertical format you can see how you could develop training programs and where the appropriate emphases may lie. For example, for the TOPs type athletes look at the bars under age 9 years . It would appear that you emphasize movement learning, control, reaction time, spatial orientation, rhythm, endurance, a little strength, speed, and lots of flexibility. Flexibility appears to be the most important thing for this age group. You can see the relative empha. following the other age ranges vertically. I believe t. to be a very profound diagram with much to offer the gymnastics coach. And interestingly, many of the National Staff have been preaching virtually the exact same thing for many years, often to deaf ears.

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

National Team Meeting To all perspective 1994 National Team athletes, coaches and parents ~

Following the 1993 Coca-Cola National Champion3hips in Salt Lake City, USA Gymnastics will host a National Team Meeting. This meeting w ill take place on Sunday, August 29th. The meeting is mandatory for both the athletes and coaches of the Men's and Women's Junior and Senior National Teams. The purpose of the meeting is to provide an opportunity to educate and update our athletes, coaches and parents on many important topics including health, nutrition, media relations, sponsors, and financial support programs.

Adult Competition Announcing the 3rd annual Over the Hill Gymnastics Extravaganza. July 25, 1993-warm-ups at noon, meet starts at 1:30. Entry fee is $5/ event. Pacific Coast Gymnastics Club, 508 Constitution Ave., Camarillo, CA 93012, (805) 388-5732.

RSG Judges Course Rhythmic National Level Judges' Certification Course - This is a pre-Congress course. Wednesday through Thursday, September 8-9, starting at 1:00 pm. Cost: $40 for Congress registrants, $60 for non-registrants; free for nationally certified judges who are registered for Congress. More information in the next Techniqu e.

\1eet Director Certification Meet Director Certification will be required for all sanctioned women's meets beginning August 1, 1993. Call your State Chairman for test dates and sites.

RSG Code Clarifications 1. Junior Competition: Left Hand difficulty is required in one of the 2 difficulty B requirements. 2. Pg. 71, 3.5.2 B: This is a correct statement and can be a Tinsica, etc. 3. Ball-p. 107, 1.3.5. For movements with ball balanced on the palm only: â&#x20AC;˘ if performed with arm (ex. spiral) or body movement (ex. pivot), no problem . â&#x20AC;˘ but, in a body balance movement, the gymnast must do something in the movement before or after the balance movement-otherwise, there will be a deduction for static apparatus.

Corrections Technique, May 1993, p. 40. Beam 12.5. 1 B + D = .20 Technique, May 1993 Vol. 13, #5, Page 46. Article: WOMEN'S Code of Points, Second Column, 'aragraph #2,

Delete and Substitute the following paragraphs:

"Upon examination of the printer's proof of the official 3 language FIG CODE publication in January 1993, Jackie Fie discovered many errors in the appearTECHNIQUE July 1993

ance of her English translation, i.e. in format (spacing, placement / arrangement of text paragraphs, boldface and italicized type), hyphenation, spelling and in some cases accuracy of text. These errors were due to the printer not utilizing Ms. Fie's English diskette, but instead typesetting the entire document in German and English, the working documents, to coincide with the submitted French text. With a few exceptions, the printer made the necessary corrections, however not without a considerable d elay in the availability ofthe3 language official "Swiss" CODE, first available to the federations during the first week of April 1993 at the World Championships in Birmingham. As a result of this unanticipated delay and in order to offer a more "user friendly" all English CODE, Mike Jacki solicited the FIG for the right for USA Gymnastics to produce an English-only version of the CODE. Ms. Fie had planned to accomplish this extra project during the next year or two, after completion of the FIG Compulsory Brochure, coordinating and teaching internationalJudges' Courses, directing FIG / WTC Meetings, conducting the technical aspects and judging for the 1993/ 1994 World Championships, etc. This tremendous task of producing both text and graphics (illustrations and symbols, etc.) on a personal computer was then undertaken by Ms. Fie with the assistance of countless volunteer hours by Mr. Lance Crowley, with proofing assistance by Mrs. Jan Crowley and Mrs. Linda Chencinski. While this effort...."

Corrections to the FIG Code of Points for Women p . 34 p . 35 p.36 p.37 p.37 p.41 p.42 p .43

p . 122

#2.402 #2.405 #2.504 #3.202 #3 .302 #4.401 #4.502 #4.505 #4.506 #4.507 #2.201

Add value - 9.80 Add value - 9.90 Add value - 10.00 Illustration incorrect Change value from 9 .70 to 9.60 Add value 9.80 Add value 10.0 Add value 10.0 Add value 10.0 Add value 10.0 Add the title "B - elements"

SEEKING GYMNASTICS DIRECTOR/COACH Enthusiastic, positive individual with at least level 8 USGF competency needed to rebuild Tennessee's finest YMCA gymnastics program to 300+. Brand new facility. Full range of equipment, classes and teams (state and regional level 7 champions). USA's "Most Affordable City," (Pop. 25,000) with university, cultural and outdoor attractions. Exceptional opportunity for development and advancement. Up to $1800/ mo. Contact Putnam County Family YMCA, ATTN: Exec. Oir. J.A. Andrews, P.O. Box 3233, Cookeville, TN 38502, 615-528-1255. Responses accepted thru Aug. 15.

,----------------------- - ----------------, PDP LEVEL II-GRANDPARENTING APPLICATION

I I I

Please type or print Name ___________________________

Birthdate _ / _ _ I __

Age _ _

I I I

Address _________________________________________________________ City _____________________________

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USGF COACHES EDUCATION

(- - - Upon completion of' this application, send to: USA Gymnastics 201 S. Capital Indianapolis, IN 46225

Attn: Coaching Development Coordinator

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rom I L ________________________________________ TECHNIQUE July 1993

I I I I I ~

Coaches Education

1993 USA GYMNASTICS S RCoACHES WORKSHOP 1993 USA Gymnastics Summer Workshop Daily Schedule (Tentative, subject to change)

Lake Owen CampAugust 19-22

Additional Dates and Sites to be announced in future issues of Techfl;qlle magazine . • same as ''Typical Day at Lake Owen Camp" - workshop participants interact with regular camp activity as indicated .

Thursday 1:30-5:00 USGFSafety Certification Course & Exam

Woodward Camp-August 4-7

5:00-6:00 Dinner

Wednesday Participants anive

6:00-6:30 Workshop Orientation

TInusday 8:30-9:00

6:30-8:00

Workshop Orientation

9:00-11 :30 Clinic 11:30-12:30

Friday 8:00-9:00

Evening Training·

3. Lake Owen Camp, Cable, WIAugust 19-22

Breakfast

11:30-12:30 Lunch 1:00-1:30 Clinic·

1:30-3:30 Afternoon Trainingl clinic

1:30-3:30 Supervised Workout' 3:30-4:30 Clinic,Q& A

3:30-4:00 Mini-clinic

5:00-6:00 Dinner

4:30-5:30

Dinner

5:30-9:30

USGF Safety Certification Course & Exam

12:30-12:30

6:30-9:00

PDP Levell Video Clinic

Saturday 8:00-9:00 Breakfast 9:15-11:15 Clinic

PDP Levell Video Clinic

11 :30-12:30

Lunch

1:00-1:30 Clinic'

Lunch

1:00-1:30 Mini-clinic

1:30-3:30 Supervised Workout'

1:30-3:30 Afternoon Trainingl clinic

3:30-4:30 Q & A, discussion

3:30-4:30 Clinic

6:30-9:00 ACEP Sports Science Course, part 1

5:00-6:00

Dinner

6:00-9:30 ACEP Sports Science Course, part 1 Saturday 8:00-12:00

2. Woodward Camp, Woodward, PAAugust 4-7

9:15-11:15 Clinic

Lunch

1:00-1:30 Mini-dink

Friday 9:00-11:30

hree workshops will be conducted this summer. Each is unique and will take advantage of the schedule and activities of the host site:

5:00-6:00 Dinner

Sunday 8:00-9:00

Emphasis during the clinic sessions will be skill progressions: cast to handstand, flyaway, giant swing, etc. Clinicians will emphasize technical prerequisites and strength requirements. Following the clinic lectures, participants will be able to put their knowledge to the test during workout sessions. Coaches are encouraged to bring 2-3 athletes along to the workshopat Lake Owen and Woodward, gymnasts should register for that specific week of camp; at Huguenot, coaches will receive registration information for their gymnasts. All housing accommodations and meals will b , available at the camp sites. Housing registration forms will be sent to all registered participants.

Breakfast

9:00-'10:00 Clinic Wrap-up ACEP Sports Science Course, part 2

10:00-3:00 ACEP Sports Science Course, part 2

USGF Summer Coaching Workshop-Early Registration Form Pleoseindicole011 pJOgrams for which you ore registering:

o Woodward, PA o lake Owen, WI

Return this registration form to: USGF Educational Services, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol Ave. , Indiana polis, IN 46225

August 4-7 August 19- 22

Pro-member Fees

NalHllember Fees

CoochingWarkshapFee

SilO

S 110

Solely CerlificaHan CaUise & lOll

S 70

S 75

lu~IOIal

PDP Levell

Books. IOI~andVideoClinic

Name _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Videa Clink Only

Address _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

PDP level II lport I<ien" CaUl'"

Cily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Phane,day _ _ _ _ __ __ _

~ ~

USGF COACHES EDUCATION

UIGF Membership? 0

Yes

lip _ __

Phane.nighl _ _ __ _ _ _ __

TOTAL lIE ENCLOSED:

Make Ch"ks Payabl. 10 ' USA GymnO\~'" Do you wallt infOlmotion on athlete ottendollce ?(fees Dnd o{(ommodolioos) Infarma~an an housing and meal "s~ 01 Camp Greenkill will be mailed 10 regislered warkshap porlicipon~ 01 a laler dale.

Ifpo~ngby"edil card

UIGFPraleslianalliumber _ _ _ _ __ ClubRepresen~ng

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July 1993 TECHNIQUE

Coaches Education

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTPROGRAM

LEVEL II EXPERIENCE VERIFICATION Name _________________________________________________ Social Security N umber ___________________________________

TWO Na me _________________________________________________

Age ___________________

Birthdate _____________________

Position _______________________________________________ Address _______________________________________________ Relationship ___________________________________________ City _____________________

Zi p ___________

State

Ad d ress _______________________________________________ Phone: (day) ___________________

(night)

Safety Certi fica tion:

ex podate _______________

Phone ________________ D NO

DYES

PDP Accreditation: D Level I

D Level II

THREE

Job Description

Name _________________________________________________

(please print or type)

I coach and/or teach the following: (check all that apply) D Mom & Tot D Preschool D Developmental D Cheerleading D Tumbling Women: D Levels 1-4 D Levels 5-7 D Levels 8-10 DElite Men: D Class 5-7 D Class 1-4 DElite Rhythmic: D Levels 1-4 D Levels 5-7 D Levels 8-10 DElite

Do you actively coach at competitions? (check all that apply) If yes, list number per yea r. D Local___ D State___ D Regional___

Position _______________________________________________ Relationship ____________________________________________ Address _______________________________________________ Phone ________________

Employer's verification 1, _____________________________

informa tion is true and accurate for the period w hich the above listed coach has been employed by _______________________________

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ONE Na me _________________________________________________ Position _____________________________________________ Relationship ____________________________________________ Ad dress _____________________________________________ Phone ________________

TECHNIQUE July 1993

,acknowled ge that this

date _______________

RHYTHMIC

PROGRAM COMMII'I'EE June 6,1993 Colorado Springs, Colorado I. ROLLCALL Members Present: Candace Feinberg Norma Zabka Karyn Lyon Marina Davidovich Lana Lashoff Maureen Broderick Nora Hitzel

Technical Representative Vice President, Rhythmic Gymnastics Athlete Representative (alternate) Coaches Representative Coaches Representative Junior Olympic Program Representative Rhythmic Program Administrator (non-voting)

Members Absent: Andrea Schmid FIG Technical Committee II. OLYMPIC FESTIVAL Ten seniors and 8 juniors, by rank order from the National Team, will compete in the 1993 Olympic Festival. Seniors: Competition II rules, 5 events (3 events on day 1, 2 events on day 2). juniors: FIG junior rules plus bonus of 0.10 risk and 0.10 additional difficulty (2 of B or higher), 4 events. Top eight seniors based upon all-around score (5 events) will adva nce to World Championships trials. III. WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP TRIALS One day competition with each athlete competing 5 events. Top four athletes, based upon the all-around score, will be named to the 1993 World Championships Tea m. The top two all-around athletes from the trials will be guaranteed a World Championships assignment

routines, and plans are being fin alized to secure a coach, manager, and ba llet master. VII . WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS A fi ve day training ca mp will be held in Lake Placid for the World Championship athletes and coaches directly before departure. ' judge: Candace Feinberg 'selected by judges Selection Committee Clarification 1994 Level 9/10 Senior program: rope, hoop, ball, clubs, ribbon 4 hoops 1994 Junior Team Event: 1994 Seni or Team Event: 6 ropes 4 hoops/2 proclubs

WOMEN'S MINUTES ELfI'E AD Hoc

COMMII'I'EE June 6 & 7, 1993 Las Vegas, N evada I. ROLLCALL Chairman Coach Rep

of a minimum of three routines.

' judges: Schmid, Feinberg, Grea thouse, Nyemcsik, Broderick, Glover IV. INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS june 19-20 Koop Cup Toronto, Ca nada Senior: Tamara Levinson junior: Challen Sievers Coaches: Ca therine Yakimovich Lana Lashoff ' judge: jan Exner V. 1994 ELITE ATHLETES Seniors-32.00 Tamara Levinson Meredith Carrigan jessica Da vis Vanessa Vander Pluym Kate Nelson Sa lly Ward Hea ther Lovell Caroline Hunt Brooke Bushnell Nicole Colombo Christi Tucay Soledad Alberti Alicia Albe Elizabeth Davidovich Mary james Carmit Bachar Roxanne Pietrasik juniors-31.50 Challen Sievers Natalie Lacuesta Sara Sieber Kelsi Kemper Jennifer Lim Lori Boettcher Lori Frederickson Kyla Downs Kristin Lee Nicole Zelek Tina Tharp Kasumi Takahashi Kassy Scharinghasen joanna Shoemaker VI. RHYTHMIC TEAM PROGRAM Following an evaluation of applications and videos submitted by interested athletes, 14 rhythmic gymnasts were selected to attend the summer team trai ning camp which will be held in New jersey from july 6 - August 22 (a pproximate). Two of the best Russian team choreographers have been hired to choreograph the two USA tea m

Athlete Rep WPA Guests

Roe Kreutzer Kevin Brown Tony Gehman Steve N unno Donna Strauss Michelle Dusserre Kathy Kelly Kelli Hill Muriel Grossfeld

II. MINUTES Recommendation to approve the minutes from the March meeting as published in May 1993 Technique . Motion - D. Strau ss Second - T. Gehman PASSED III. COMPULSORY DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL M. Grossfeld presented a proposal involving clinic/ training camps and intersquad evaluations for the Sr. Internationa l Team and 1996 age eligible Jr. International Tea m Members. These activities w ill be ma ndatory for those athletes. Discussion on scheduling and structure was held. Steve N unno suggested that the first activity be a clinic following Congress, with closed "evalua tion." Recommendation to conduct the first clinic/training camp following USGF Congress on September 12 & 13. Motion - S. N unno Second - D. Strauss PASSED Recommendation that additional training camps be conducted on December 10-12,1993 and January 14-16, 1994. Motion - D. Strau ss Second - K. Brown PASSED Committee requested tha t M. Grossfeld present a daily schedule a nd forma t, as discussed . Committee requested that K. Kelly secure Na tional Staff and a facility for the program. IV. CORPS OF JUDGES In an effort to s trengthen national unity, the committee selecte "corps of judges" to be included at all Na tional Team Tra inin5 Ca mps. These ind ividuals w ill observe technique a nd d evelopment of the compulsory exercises a nd w ill w ork together w ith the sta ff and p ersona l coaches. The knowled ge/ information obta ined by this involvement w ill then be distributed by these judges to the judging community to enha nce consistency of eva luations, integ-

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

rity of our goa ls, and coordination of the jud ging community. K. Kelly w ill work with Jackie Fie to assign duties and responsibilities to these judges. Recommendation that Marilyn Cross, Muriel Grossfeld, Linda Mulvihill, Audrey Schweyer and Sharon Weber be invited to become the "Corps of Judges". (Additional judges may also be nvited - based upon budget and directed by Jackie Fie) Motion - M. Dusserre Second - T. Gehman PASSED V. SCORING METHOD AT CLASSICS The committe discussed the past classic meet and the stress level of the judges w ith the implementa tion of the new rules which resulted in a delay in the handling of inquiries. This caused confusion in regards to the final AA ra nkings and crea ted a nega tive situa tion from the a thletes' and coaches' perspective. K. Kelly presented the idea of video tapes and a "Support /Control Pa nel of Experts" to handle the inquiries for Start Value only. The coaches suggested a "third" Expert being add ed to Uneven Bars, Ba la nce Beam and Floor Exercise. Jackie Fie will ma ke the final determination a nd this information will be sent to the judges (prior to acceptance of assignment) and to the coaching community. VI. CRITERIA FOR NOMINATIONS FOR ELITE PROGRAM COMMITTEE The current Operatillg Code criteria for nomina tion for the Regional Elite Program Chairman was discussed . The committee felt it was necessary to upgrade the criteria. Our Na tional Program has grow n in both number and experience and higher criteria would grea tly benefit the committee work and the unity of the Elite Progra m. Recommendation that the Regional Elite Program Chairman criteria for nomination be any coach who has qualified an athlete to Junior or Senior INTERNATIONAL level of USA Championships within the last four years. Motion - M. Dusserre Second - D. Strauss PASSED VII. QUADRENNIUM GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The U. S. Women's tea m intends to continue to establish itselfas the world leader and the dominate force in our sport. This will be Iccomplished by winning even more medals in all international competitions leading u p to the Olympic Games. The goal is to win team GOLD med als at the 1994 and 1995 World Team Championships and the 1996 Olympic Games. We pla n on winning as many All Around and Individ ual Event Medals at major international com petitions as possible. Method : A. Direct assistance to the athletes by: 1) continuation of national staff visita tions 2) training ca mps for compulsory d evelopment B. Support Programs 1) clinics for coaches and judges 2) corps of judges to work directly with the national staff and coaches for an understanding of our goals. 3) team unity - focus on this effort a t ca mps and other occasions before major competitions. C. Assistance in the areas of sports psychology, nutrition and other sport's medicine a reas for a thlete, coaches and pa r ents. D. Continue sending video tapes of major com petitions and na tional camps to Na tional Tea m Coaches. E. Technica l information on theCodeofPoilltsand theCompulsory Exercises. F. Seek a source or sponsor to fu nd the top clubs that produce interntional medal winners and id entify a method of ranking. G. Provide additional competitive experience for our Jr. Interna tional Team. VIII. CLUB FINANCIAL SUPPORT The committee, after presenting fina ncial da ta from their clubs indica ting the cost of maintaining Elite athletes, requested that K. Kelly work w ith T. Gehman on this project and submit a comprehensive, justifiable listing of clubs and a su pport plan to the USGF Board of Directors. It is reasonable to request a nd expect financial support, since the Women's tea m's recent finish a t the Olympic Ga mes and World Cha mpionships a ttracted fin ancial opportunities for the Fed era tion. It remains di fficult to su pport Elite training vithou t fina ncia l su pport. A club owner w ho does not participate Il1 the Elite program is often times more successful financia lly than the club owner of a program with Elite gymnasts who are not among the top fi ve in the country. IX. NATIONAL TEAM MEETING ATUSA CHAMPIONSHIPS The committee thanked Mike Jacki for the invita tion to a two-day Na tiona l Tea m meeting following Championships, but respect-

TECHNIQUE July 1993

fully requested that the meeting be conducted on Sunday only. X. CALEND AR The committee d iscussed the split season and current ca lendar. Thecommittee requested that if possible, the 1994 USA Championships be moved before the Good will Games. The com mittee w ill reeva luate the calendar after this season and w ill a mend the 1994 calendar if the change of the USA Cham pionshi ps date is ap proved . XI. CLASSIC MEETfTRIALS COMBINATION The committee discussed the American Classic meet/ trials combination and suggested tha t, if the events are combined, seeding procedures be utilized . Tabled until after Cha mpionships. XII. SELECTION PROCEDURES FOR WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS (1994 SPRING/FALL) The fo rma t /competition rules have yet to be finalized by the FIG. This will not be com pleted until after July (a t the ea rliest). The committee discussed philosophy and the possible necessity of designing selection procedures in a different manner, i.e. pa rt from the All-Around rank order and part from Individ ual Event results. This item was tabled until the FIG has fin alized the forma t. The committee will meet immedia tely after USA Championships to finalize the Spring World Cha mpionship Selection Procedures in order to meet the six-month deadline. M. Dusserre presented a position statement from the Athlete's Council sta ting that all selection should be done from competitive results.

Compulsory Training Austin, Texas Those gym nasts who qualified to the USA Cha mpionships fro m either the American or U. S. Classic meets (and participated in the U. S. Classic) a re ma nda ted to attend the Com pulsory evaluation a t the U. S. Classic in August. (Maximum of 38 a thletes) Those qualified gymnasts will be divided equally into four (4) squads. Judges will sit together away from the a ppara tus area with a National Staff member. Discussion is encouraged . No scores w ill be flashed . The a thlete should not be able to hear discussion or scores. Some event assignments for Championships will be mad e in ad vance of the Classics. Those judges w ill be assigned to a specific event and remain at tha t event fo r the dura tion of the evalua tion. O ther jud ges should try to rotate to every event d uring the camp / clinic. Staff Assignments: (depend ing upon ava ilability and financia l considera tions) Vault: Artemov Bars: Akopya n Beam: Biggs R oor Elliott/ Pozsar Grossfeld & Schweyer will float. National Training Staff and the USA Championships judges a re required to prepare a written evaluation from the panel discussion for the personal coach.

First Compulsory Training Camp Atlanta, Georgia All Interna tional Seniors a nd Interna tional Juniors who a re age eligible for 1996 will be mandated to attend the Compulsory Training Camp following USGF Congress. The Corps of Judges will also be in a ttend ance. All other Elite coaches and judges may observe the camp. The compulsory exercises will be tra ined / demonstrated in halves. Daily Schedule: Sunday - Day 1 Group 1 Bea m 9:00 - 11 :30 am Floor Floor 1:00 - 3:30 Beam 5:00 - 7:00 Va ult Ba rs Bars Vault Monday - Day 2 9:00 - 10:30 Coaches/Judges Development Session (Athle tes rest) Beam R oor 11 :00 - 12:30 Floor 1:30 - 3:00 Beam Ad Hoc Committee will meet at 8:30 PM Sunday evening following the fi rst day. Sched ule, content and format of second clin ic w ill be fin alized. Meeting adjollrned at 11 :30 a.m., Jllne 7. Approved by Mike Ja cki Jlln e 1993

JUNIOR OLYMPIC FROGRAM COMMII'I'EE May 16-17, 1993 Baltimore, Maryland I. ROLLCALL Region I Region II Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII Region VIII Chairma n NEPC ABC JOTech JOPC WPD Guest

Darla Franz Mike West Scott Crouse for Steve Snow Bryon Hough John Geddert Bob Colarossi KelliHill Elaine Thompson Tom Koll Roe Kreu tzer Ka thy Feldmann Cheryl Hamilton Connie Maloney Kathy Kelly Bill Sands Muriel Grossfeld Minutes approved as printed in January 1993 Techl1ique. II. TALENT OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM Bill Sa nds addressed the committee on the p rogram. He presented an a rgument for the "mobility"' rules for the Top's National Team and requested the committee consider training / competitive options for this group. Talent Opportunity Program Mobility: Recommendation that the National TOP athletes designated by the National Staff may enter the J.O. Program at LevelS and below. Any TOP athlete already competing at a J.O. Optional level may advance according to the J.O . mobility scores. Motion Bryon Hough Second Darla Franz PASSED III. MEET DIRECTOR CERTIFICATION The certification period for the Meet Director's Test was discussed . It was d ecided to maintain the present system (all meet director certifications expire December 31st of the summer Olympic year). Recommendation to also offer the Meet Director exam as a "mail-in exam," administered by the Women's Administrative Board. Motion Mike West Second Darla Franz PASSED IV. COMPULSORY DEVELOPMENT Muriel Grossfeld addressed the committee regarding the compulsory exercises for the next cycle beginning in 1996. Her philosophy of excellent execution and simplicity of elements/ connections was d escribed . Muriel requested that the committee seriously consid er the complexity of the compulsory elements and connections, especia lly on balance beam and floor. The committee thanks Muriel for her input and is looking forward to working w ith Muriel and Ta mmy Biggs on the 1996-2000 Compulsory Beam a nd Floor choreography. Levels 1 - 4 The committee wishes to impro ve upon the p resent Levell - 4 d evelopmental program by ma king it follow the philosophy of a fund a mental, comprehensive p rogram. The committee was asked to submit their personal pre-tea m program plans to Tom Koll by July 15. Tom Koll, Bob Colarossi and other experts will meet and d evelop a mod el to be presented to the membership at Congress. Any suggestions from coaches are welcome. V. VAULTING Recommendation that a Handspring vault be allowed at Level 4 for those states using Level 4 as a competitive level. A 2.00 deduction will be applied if the coach assists (touches) the gymnast before her hands leave the horse. Motion Elaine Thompson Second Bryon Hough PASSED Recommendation that "B" Tsukahara Vaults (value of 9.5 or less) be allowed at Level S. Motion Elaine Thompson Second Bryon Houg h PASSED

Recommendation that all Round - Off Entry Vaults be allowed at Level 10. (Effective August 1, 1993) Motion Bob Cola rossi Second John Gedd ert PASSED VI. MISCELLANEOUS J. O. CONSIDERATIONS Recommendation to the WTC to allow a one-judge panel at Level & 7 Compulsory LOCAL meets only. A level 6/7 rating and one year's experience is required. Pre-meet information and judges' contracts must indicate the number of judges per panel. Motion John Geddert Second Elaine Thompson PASSED Philosophy sta tement: The Jr. Olympic Progra m Committee believes that a two-judge pa nel is p referable for a ll competitions. If it is no t possible to use a two-judge panel, a one-judge panel at LOCAL competitions only for Levels 4, 5, 6 and 7 w ill be allowed . Recommendation that for LOCAL meets only, there need only be one club to obtain a sanction. All Rules and Policies must be followed . Motion Da rla Franz Second John Geddert PASSED CLARIFICA TIONSUnauthorized Warm-up: The apparatus is NOT open for warm-up during the general stretch period. Open Stretch time is a safety issue, allowing the gymnast time to prepare her body for activity. Bar settings are allowed (tap swings ONLY). Any illegal use of the apparatus is to be considered unauthorized warm-up and will receive a 0.30 (per gymnast) deduction. Marking mount distances or practicing run-up onto the board is allowed. Also, if warm-up time is exceeded in the timed warm-up period or 30-second touch warm-up, a 0.30 deduction will again be applied. If a gymnast is spotted (assisted) on an element, a deduction of 0.50 will be applied and the element WILL NOT receive Value-Part credit. Assistance on the landing phase of the dismount results in a 0.50 deduction only. VII. COMPETITION FOR INDIVIDUAL EVENT SPECIALISTS Discussion on specialist competition at State Meets in optional levels. Bob Cola rossi reported on the pilot program cond ucted in Region VI and indicated that the sta tes that participated found value in including this to the program. Recommendation that Individual event specialist optional compel' tion be allowed at Level S & 9 if approved by the State Board. Motion Bob Colorassi Second Mike West PASSED Recommendation that Individual Event specialists must receive separate awards from the All Around competitors. Motion Scott Crouse Second Bryon Hough PASSED Meeting adjourned 10:50 PM. Meeting reconvened 8:30 AM, May 17. VIII . AGE DIVISIONS Recommendation that in order to accommodate the Junior Olympic Program's age distribution, the following Age Divisions for the Optional Levels be used: Level 8 & 9: Juniors 8-11 , 12-13 Seniors: 14-1 5, 16 and over Level 10: Juniors 9-11 , 12-13, Seniors: 14-15, 16 and over. Motion Darla Franz Second Bob Colarossi PASSED IX. CHAMPIONSHIP COMPETITIONS Recommendation that the following Optional Levels culminate at the following Championship competitions: State Championships Level 8 Level 9 Regiona l Cha mpionshi ps Level 10 National Cha mpionships Motion Darla Franz Second Scott Crouse PASSED (Region VII opposed ) X. APPARATUS SPECIFICATIONS Recommendation that one S" manufactured skill cushion (minimu of 5' b y 10') be allowed per event (including floor exercise) at the Junior Olympic Optional Levels. Motion Kelli Hill Second John Geddert PASSED

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

XI. MO BILITY Recommendation to approve the following mobility standards from the "old system" to the new numerical system, as well as the mobility standards for the new system beginning Augus t 1, 1993: Motio n Bob Colarossi Second Ela ine Thompson PASSED Recommendation that a ll present optional gymnasts may e lect to remain in the same numerical level a t whic h they competed in the 1992-93 season. (Th ey would a lso have the option to compete at the next higher numerical level without a n y score requ irement.) Motion john Geddert Second Darla Franz PASSED Mobility Scores: The j.O. Committee reviewed the mobility scores and decided to maintain the present scores to ensure that mobility requirements are flex ib le enough to allow each gymnast to progress according to he r individual needs. The philosophy of the committee is that the decision toadvance the gymnast should be determined not only by the mobility score, but a lso by the physical and mental readiness of the ath le te for the nex t level. See Table #1. Once the gymnast has en te red a competitio n AFTER AUGUST 1,1993, the mobility rules in Table #2 w ill be in effect. XII . LEVEL 8 & 9 DIFFICULTY RESTRICTIONS Re.o.",,,.,,d.lio,, 10 Ihe W'fE Ih. 1 • 8.58 ded.,.lio" be .pplied if • " . 1., •• 1 "0" dellte,,1 (olh" Ih." gy ."" •• lk. o •••• 0 ' lIe"g lh) i. perfoll"ed .1 Le. d 9. Motion Mike Wes t Second Elaine Thompson PASSED

CONFERENCE CALL HELD MA Y 27, 1993: Following the j.O. mee ting, the Regional j.O. Cha irman discussed the actio n taken in regards to the performance of a restricte d element with coaches in their region, a nd it was decided that mo re discussion was necessa ry. Recommendation to rescind the 0.50 deduction for perform ing a restricted e lement at Level 8 and 9. Motion Elaine Thompson Second Bob Colarossi PASSED Rationale: The committee will reevaluate this proposal foll owing the 1993-94 competiti ve season, afte r the implementation of the new Code. The commillee telt tlmt coaches wi ll need this year to make the dete rmination of w hich level w ill be appropriate for their athetes, based on the con cept of Level 8 as Beginner Optiona l, Level 9 as Intermediate Optional, and Level 10 as Ad va nced Optional. It is hoped tha t the decisio n to perform any restricted elements will be based on the at hlete's physical and m enta l readiness. Bonus for Level 8: TheJ.O. Committee expressed tha t Level 8 is a n introd u ctory Optio na l level and that the emphasis is for excellent executio n o f basic optional e lem ents. Bonus combi natio n s, w hile a llowed to be perfomed , are no t e ncouraged unless the a thlete is accomplished . H owever, no bonus credit w ill be awarded a t this level; the start va lue is 9.6. XIII. ELITE PROGRAM COMMITTEE REPORT Roe Kreutzer gave the report on the recent actions of the Elite Program. Refer to the May issue of Tech II iq lie for complete minutes and ca lenda r. Kruetzer thanked the j.O. representatives tha t were present at the last meeting and assisted w ith the Elite Program issues. The Ad H oc Committee meeting is scheduled fo r june 6 -7,1993. XIV. WOMEN'S ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD REPORT Kath y Feldmann gave the report from the Administrative Boa rd. The next meeting is sch eduled in june, following the WTC Symposium. Re.o.lII"e"d.tio" 10 Ihe W'fE Ih.1 • 8,58 ded.,dio" be .pplied if • Updates a nd corrections to the RlIlesal1d Policies w ill be completed a t the ".1",.1 "E" dellte,,1 (olh" Ih." gYllili •• lk. o •••• 0 . lIe"g lh) i. meeting. Feldman asked that the j .O. committee review their Duties perfo.llied .1 Leoe l S, and Responsibilities as d escribed in the Operatil1g Code and give Motion Bryon Hough cha nges and correction s to Tom Koll. Feldman gave an overview of h er Second Ke lli Hill committee's goals and objecti ves fo r the quad rennium. PASSED XV. WOMEN'S TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORT Table #1 Cheryl H amilton gave the Technical Committee report. Thenew technical m a te ria ls areavailable Level of Level of in the office. The Technical Committee w ill be cond ucti ng the Introduction to the Code of Points Gymnast in the Gymnast as of Symposium in Las Vegas. Standards for MobHity '92·'93 Season August 1, 1993 XVI. CALENDAR level 1·4 10 levelS Must pms 15" of earn sknl in ealh Level Recommendation to accept the following cal(may miss I skill in total) endar: LevelS 31.00 AA to Level 6 March 26-27, 1994 Level 10 State Meets Level 6 10 Level l (Iompul.) 31.ooAA A pril 15-17 Level 10 Regional Meets to Level SIBeg. Opt.) 31.00 AA May 5-8 jr. Olympic Na tionals to Level 9 (Inter. Opt.) 35.00 AA two times Or. Division-Ages 9-11 , No 1(018 requirement Levell Compulsory to LevelS 12-13) 31.00 AA to Level 9 May 12-15 jr. O lympic Na tiona ls Level 1 Oplionol No 1(00e requirement to Levell C (Sr. Division-Ages 14-15, No 1(00e requirement to LevelS 16 and over) 33.50 AA, unless already qualified to Level 9with a to Level 9 Motion Bob Colarossi 31.00 AA at LevellC or a 35.00 AA two times at lev. 6 Second jo hn Geddert Level S No requirements to Level B No requirements to Level 9 PASSED 32.00 AA to Level 10 REMINDER TO REGIONAL BOARDS: Level Level 9 No 1(00e requirements to Level 9 10 Regiona l Meets MUST be h eld on the A pril No 1(011 requirements to Level 10 15-17 weekend OR one week EARLIER. There 36.00 AA at Reg'k 01 Nat'k to enter kNat'l orv. to Regionol Bile must be a minimum of three weeks between the (Must petition to enter Sr. Nat'l 01 Jr/Sr Internat'l diY) Regiona l m eet a n d the firs t Na tiona l meet. Level 10 No requirements to Level 10 XVII. LEVEL 10 NATIONALS 35.00 Opt. AA at Reg. or Nat'k to enter Jr. Nat'l diY. to Regional Elile Recommendation that each Region will qualify 10.00 AA at Reg. 01 Hat'k fo enfSf Jr.lntSfnat'l 01 two seven membe r teams (A and B) in each of Sr. Nat'l orv~ion the four Age Divis ions to the Level 10 National 12.00 AA at Reg, or Nat'k to enter Sr. lnternat'l div. Championships. Motion john Gedde rt Second Bob Colarossi 1993-94 Mobility Standards PASSED Table #2 Recommendation that, if any region is unable to fie ld two team s of seven per age division, the open slots be fi lled in rank order by gy mnasts Level 1·4 10 LevelS Must posslS" of earn skill in earn lsvel from the sameaged ivision from a n y o f the e ig ht (may ~s I skill in tatal) regiona l meets. LevelS 10 Level 6 31.00 AA Mo tion Mike West Level 6 10 Levell (lompul.1 31.00 AA Second Elaine Tho mpson 33.00 AA PASSED Levell 10 LevelS (Beg. Opt ) 31.00 AA LevelS 10 LevelS Recommendation that the A Teams be seeded 32.00 AA into the second session for Jr. Olympic Level 10 Level 9 10 Level 9 34.ooAA National Championships, Levell 0 10 LevellD 35.00 AA at Regional or Nat'k to enler Jr. Nat'l orv. Motion Scott Crouse 10 Regional Elite 35.00 AA at Reg. 01 Hat'k to enter lr. lnternat'l 01 Sr. Hat'l div Second Bryon Hough 36.00 AA at Reg. or Nat'k to enter Sr. lnternot'l diY. PASSED

TECHNIQUE July 1993

XV III. J.O. NATIONAL TEAM Recommendation that the 1994 J. 0 National Team be comprised of the top seven AA athletes in each of the four age divisions at Level 10 Nationals. Mo ti on Bob Cola rossi Second Elaine Thompson PASSED XIX. J. O. NATIONAL BIDS The committee reviewed the bid for J.O Na ti onals by Northwest Aerials in Seattle, WA. The committee has no objections to accepting the bid. The USG F Office will ma ke the decision. XX. COMPOSITIONAL DEDUCTIONS The com mittee di scussed the compositional deductions presentl y used at Level 9 & 10 Regionalsand Nationa lsand d ecided that those deducti ons would not be necessary with the implementation of the new Code of Points. The co mmittee, in conjunc tion w ith the WTC, w ill review this aga in after the 1994 Na tionals to de term ine the necessity of addi ti ona l deduc tions to discrimi na te a mongs t the best exercises. XXI. NEW BUSINESS Recommendation to the Women's Technical Committee that the decision to use Open Scoring at Regional meets be at the discretion of the Regional Board. Motion Elaine Thompson Second John Gedder t PASSED Recommendation that the Level 5 Uneven Bar Mount (glide kip) may be performed either straddled or piked. Motion Bob Cola rossi Second Kelli Hill PASSED Discllssion on lessening the a mount of op ti onal wa rm-up time. No action was taken. Committee need s opportunity to survey their regions. Meeting adjourned at 4:30 PM. Next meetillg is scheduled for September at til e USGF National Congress ill Atlanta.

J.O. PROGRAM COMMI'IHI'EE

CONFERENCE CALL May 27,1993 I. ROLLCALL All members present except Region III Steve Snow & Region V John Geddert. II. RULES AND POLICIES Recommenda ti on to the Women's Administra ti ve Board to make th e follo wing changes in the 1993路94 RlIles "lid Policies: Page 10: IV. J.O. Mobility Ru les, C. 1. Once a gymnast has competed in a Sectional meet. she may NOT drop back to a lower level. If no Sectiona l m eet is held, then the State Board will de termine the deSignated date for such purpose. 2. If a gymnast does not qualify to the State Cham pionships, she ma y petition the Sta te Chai rman (Levels 8 and below) or the Regional Technical C hairma n (Levels 9 & 10) for permission to drop back one Level at the beginning of the nex t competiti ve season . 3. Va lid reasons fo r dropping back w ithin the sa me season, or the followirigseason, w ill be considered by the State Chairma n (Levels 8 & below) or Regiona l Technical Chairma n (Levels 9 & 10). Motion Mike Wes t Second Bryon Hough PASSED Recommendation to allow a maximum of 70 judgments per session at all compulsory levels, with no more than 140 judgmen ts per day. Mot ion Kelli Hill Second Bob Colarossi PASSED III. LEVEL 8/9 DIFFICULTY RESTRI CTIONS Difficulty restrictions for Level 8 & 9 were di scussed. Certa in eleme nts, if performed to the u ltima te amplitude, wou ld increase their difficulty rat ing to a rest ricted level (Example, a t Level S, a Cast handstand piroue tte after hands tand on Bars = B, but if performed in the ha ndstand phase = C, and therefore could not receive credi t). Recommendati on that the WTC prepare a list of elements which would fall into this ca tegory or a philosophy statemen t which would a llow the judges to award value-part credit, as well as credit for composi tiona l a nd special requirements for such elements. Motion Elaine Thompson Second Bob Colarossi PASSES Approved by Mike Jacki May, 1993

June 6, 1993 Las Vegas, NV I. ROLLCALL Region I Denise Porra zzo Region II La urel Tindall Region III Carol Hillenburg Region IV George Grai nger Region V Kathy Koe th Ka thy Ostberg Region VI Region VII Cheryl Ha milton for Jan Greenhawk Region VIII Hoylene Noble Chairman Kathy Feldmann WTC Cheryl Ha milton for Ma ril yn Cross WEPC Roe Kreutzer JOPC Tom Koll J.O.P. Coor. Con ni e Maloney WPA Kathy Kell y Meeti ng was called to order by Chairman Kathy Feldmann at 1:25 pm. II. MINUTES Recommendation to accept the minutes from September, 1992 as printed in Technique. Motion - D. Porrazzo Second - H. Noble PASSED III. JR. OLYMPIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE REPORT Tom Koll reported on the Jr. Olympic Program Committee meeting held in Ma y. (See Ju ly 1993 Techlliqlle) IV. ELITE PROGRAM COMMITTEE REPORT Roe Kreutzer repor ted on the Elite Program Co mmittee m ee ting held in March. (See May 1993 Teclllliqlle) V. JR. OLYMPIC APPAREL J. O. Na tional Champions hips apparel was discussed. T. Koll and K. Feldmann wi ll discuss the possibility of a patch on the apparel of the Na tional qua lifiers that would distingu ish it from the sa me uni fo rm tha t will be sold to the public. K. Feldma nn w ill sched ule a meetin g o f the WAB wi th Mary Caldwell from

Alpha Factor at USGF Co ng ress in Atla nta. VI. WTC SYMPOSIUM The Ad ministrative Board comme nd ed the Technical Committee for the standing symposium in Las Vegas. VII. RECOMMENDATION OF JUDGES FOR J. O. NATIONALS The procedure for recommending judges from the region to Nationals was discussed. The WAB reminded the Regional Boards to submit their Na tional recommenda ti ons in ra nk order (or groups in rank ord er) as requested by the WTC Chairman,It was a lso recom mended tha t all regional officers be involved with the d ecision, wi th add itional input from coaches. These procedures are to be added to the Rilles "lid Policies. VIII. AWARDS FOR NON-CITIZENS/FOREIGN ATHLETES In order to have consistency, the WAB requested a clarificatio n from the national office on the distribution of awards for non-ci ti zens or ath letes from a foreign cou ntry at invitationals . IX. OPERATING CODE Recommendation to cha nge th e following in regards to national meetings: Top of page 96 #3 If a regional re presentative is unable to attend their national s ub-committee m eeting. the Regional Chair shall approve a replacement for that meeting, from members of the Regional Board or "or a s uitable repl aceme nt. The proxy has full voice and voting privileges." Motion - C. Hillenburg Second - H. Noble PASSED X. RULES AND POLICIES Recommendation to change the following: Pg. 46 III. A.2. Reword to read" Be compensated at the conclusion of th e competition, or according to the contractual agreement." Pg. 29 I. F. 2. Change to read ... "Entries may be refused by the Meet Director if received ten (10) days or less prior to the first day of comp etition (or as per sta te or regional board guidelines). Motion - H. Noble Second - G. Gra inger PASSED XI. COD E OF ETHICS The Code of Ethicsa nd member conduct docum ent was di scussed. The committee was asked to review and correct the document a nd submit changes to office by June 21. XII. CONFERENCE CALL A confere nce call will be held on Jun e 24 a t 8:00 pm Eastern daylight time. Mee ting adjourned a t 6: 15 pm. Approved by Mike Ja cki

/lIl1e 1993

July 1993 TECHNIQUE

EDUCATION/EVENT CALENDAR S tart No. D ate daIs 7/8/93 7/8/93 12 7/16/93 1 7/17/93 2 7/17/93 1 7/18/93 1 7/20/93 7 7/21/93 1 7/21/93 4 7/23/93 10 7/24 /93 1 7/25/93 1 7/ 27/93 1 1 7/29/93 7/30/93 3 7/30/93 1 7/31/93 1 7/31/93 1 8/1/93 1 8/1/93 1 8/4/93 3 8/5/93 12 8/5/93 4 8/5/93 1 8/6/93 2 8/7/93 1 8/12/93 6 8/14/93 1 8/15/93 1 8/17/93 6 8/19/93 5 8/19/93 4 8/19/93 1 8/20/93 3 8/21/93 2 8/22/93 9 8/25/93 4 8/27/93 1 8/28/93 3 8/28/93 2 8/28/93 1 8/29/93 1 1 8/29/93 4 9/9 /93 1 9/9/93 9/12/93 1 1 9/12/93 9/16/93 3 1 9/19/93 1 9/19/93 4 9/23 /93 9/24/93 5 9/ 26 /93 1 9/28 /93 6 9/30/93 4 10/TBA 10/3/93 1 10/8/93 2 10/15/93 2 10/22/93 3 10/26/93 6 10/27/93 4 10/28/93 6 10/29/93 3 10/30/93 9 11 / 4/93 4 11 / TBA 11 / 12 /93 15

DiscipSTI P h one Event City CO Contact line 317-237-5050 PR Cowan/Kelly ~VV Puerto Rico Cup 317-237-5050 VVorld University Games (1 gymnastics session per day) Buffalo NY Cowan/Kelly ~VV 402-339-2924 Connie Nelson ~VVR Safety Certification Course (5:00 pm-1O:00 pm) Papillion NE 317-237-5050 Various sites Kathy Kelly VV Regional Elite ~eets 303-373-2797 USGF/ ACEP Sport Science Course (9:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.) Denver Betsy Sprague ~VVR CO 317-237-5050 ~ike Juszczyk CA ~VV San Jose Gymnastics Spectacular San Jose 317-237-5050 Robert Cowan Colo. Spgs. CO ~ Junior Elite I & II Development Camp 317-237-5050 ~ike Juszczyk ~VV Hilton Challenge (BLR/UKR/USA) Los Angeles CA 317-237-5050 AZ Kathy Kelly VV Elite Judges Course Tempe 719-632-5551 San Antonio TX USOC ~VVR U.s. Olympic Festival 914-687-7904 Helga Razwey Safety Certification Course (10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.) Kingston NY ~VVR 818-845-0700 ~VVR Safety Certification Course (9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) Simi Valley CA Jeff Lu lla VVa llace Anderson 203-886-4006 VVatertown ~A ~VVR PDP Level II Sport Science Course (9:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.) TNT U.s. Olympic Gold ~ Broadcast U.s. Olympic Festival Norbert Bendixen 708-566-8743 ~VVR USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (TBA) Peoria IL Dawn Kocher 309-691-3387 Peoria ~VVR Safety Certification Course (12:30 p.m.-6:30 p.m.) IL TNT U.s. Olympic Gold ~VV Broadcast U.s. Olympic Festival 614-457-1279 Safety Certification Course (10:00 am-2:00 p.m.) Columbus OH Bobbi ~ontanari ~VVR TNT U.s. Olympic Gold VV Broadcast U.S. Olympic Festival 802-863-4714 VVoodie Clifton MVVR Safety Certification Course 00:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.) S. Burlington VT 317-237-5050 Dave Moskovitz VVoodward PA MVV USGF Coaching VVorkshop at VVoodward Camp 317-237-5050 M Colo. Spgs. CO Robert Cowan Jr. National Team Camp 317-237-5050 Kathy Kelly VV U.s. Classic Nationals Austin TX 317-237-5050 Dave Moskovitz Safety Certification Course (5:30 p.m.-9:30 p.m.) VVoodward PA MVVR 317-237-5050 Dave Moskovitz USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (6:00-9:30 p.m. & 8:00-noon) VVoodward PA MVVR ABC . VVide VVorid of Sports MVV Broadcast Hilton Challenge (BLR/UKR/USA) 317-237-5050 R Sr. National Team Training Camp Colo.Spgs CO Nora Hitzel USA Gymnastics 317-237-5050 MVVR USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (TEA) Indianapolis IN 305-972-4947 Safety Certification Course (12:00 noon-6:00 p.m.) Oldsmar FL Toni Rand MVVR 317-237-5050 Colo. Spgs. CO Nora Hitzel R Junior Olympic Training Camp 317-237-5050 VV J.O. National Team Training Camp Colo. Spgs. CO Connie Maloney 317-237-5050 Dave Moskovitz Cable VVI MVV USGF Coaching VVorkshop at Lake Owen Camp 317-237-5050 Steve VVhitlock MVVR Safety Certification Course 0:30 p.m.-5:00 p.m.) Cable VVI 508-771-2118 MA Mike Jacobson M Region VI Men's Gymnastics Symposium S. Hadley 317-237-5050 Dave Moskovitz USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (6:00-9:00 & 10:00-3:00) Cable VVI MVVR 317-237-5050 11 th Int'l Junior Tournament Yokohama/Sabae JPN Kathy Kelly VV 317-237-5050 ~W Salt Lake City UT Mike Juszczyk Coca-Cola National Championships Suzanne Suckow 317-237-5050 MWR Safety Certification Course (8:00 a.m.-l:00 p.m.) Salt Lake City UT (4) 31044 70 Ankara MW International Gymnastics Symposium TUR Atilla Orsel 402-339-2924 PDP Level IT Sport Science Course (4:00-8:00 & 9:00-1:00) Papillion NE MVVR VV Broadcast Coca-Cola National Championships NBC Broadcast Coca-Cola National Championships NBC ~VV 317-237-5050 USA Gymnastics National Team ~eeting Salt Lake City UT Mike Juszczyk MVV 317-237-5050 ~VVR USA Gymnastics National Congress Atlanta GA Kathy Brown GA USA Gymnastics 317-237-5050 ~VVR Safety Certification Course (5:00 pm-9:00 pm) Atlanta 317-237-5050 Atlanta GA Nora Hitzel R VVorid Championships Trials 317-237-5050 ~VVR Safety Certification Course 00:30 am-2:30 pm) Atlanta GA USA Gymnastics 317-237-5050 SUI Robert Cowan ~ FIG ~en's Coaches/Judges Symposium Logano 203-924-8666 ~VVR Safety Certification Course 01:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) New York City NY Joan Hicks 919-790-9400 Don Davis ~VVR Safety Certification Course 00:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) Raleigh NC Region I (Nor-Cal) Mini-Congress Santa Clara CA VV 317-237-5050 Nora Hitzel Colo. Spgs. CO R Junior Elite Training Camp 317-237-5050 Dave ~oskovitz Safety Certi fication Course (Times TBA) Santa Clara CA ~VVR 317-237-5050 Robert Cowan ~ Regional Development Camp Colo. Spgs. CO 513-489-7575 Cincinnati OH Jeff ~etz ge r VV Region V ~ini-Congress 317-237-5050 TBA Kathy Kelly VV National T.O.P. Testing 201-586-1808 Cathy Finkel Safety Certification Course 00:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.) Flemington MWR NJ 317-237-5050 Beijing CHN Cowan/Kelly MVV China Cup 313-742-2151 Judy Freiheit ~I Rochester VV Michigan State Congress 410-226-5943 Baltimore Region VII Mini-Congress MD Jan Greenhawk VV 317-237-5050 Nora Hitzel VVorid Championships Team Training Camp Lake Placid NY R 719-632-5551 New York NY USOC Olympic Congress of the USA 317-237-5050 Colo. Spgs. CO Robert Cowan M Regional Development Camp 617-784-5830 ~A Kathy Feldmann VV Region VI Mini-Congress Marlboro 317-237-5050 MVV Durbin/ Pretoria RSA Cowan/Kelly South African Cup 317-237-5050 ESP Nora Hitzel Alicante R Rhythmic VVorid Championships 317-237-5050 VV Catania Catania ITA Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 AUS Cowan/Kelly ~VV Nikon International Sydney .. Tentative

TECHNIQUE July 1993

Non-profit Orga nizat ion U.s. Postage PA ID

Permit o. 7867 India napolis, IN

USA GYInnastics

SAFETY CERTIFICATION COURSES 2400B Park 74 Drive Peoria, IL 61615 Course Dir.: Monte Kimes (312) 586-6015 Local Contact: Dawn Kocher (309) 691-3387

Friday, July 16 Papillion, NE- 5:00 pm-1O:00 pm Omega School of Gymnastics 1217 N. Monroe Papillion, NE 68146 Course Dir.: Mike Stanner (402) 339-2924 Local Contact: Connie Nelson (402) 339-2924

Saturday, July 31 Columbus, OH -10:00 am-2:00 pm Radisson Hotel Columbus North 4900 Sinclair Rd. Columbus, OH 43229 Course Dir.: Bobbi Montanari (614) 457-1279

Saturday, July 24 Kingston, NY-1O:00 am-4:00 pm Kingston YMCA 507 Broadway Kingston, NY 12401 Course Dir.: Paul Spadaro (718) 816-6287 Local Contact: Helga Razey (914) 687-7904

TIIis courSt' will inch/de participants frOIll till' YMCA of USA .

Sunday, August 1 So. Burlington, VT-1O:00 am-4:00 pm Champlain Valley Gymnastics 21 Berard Dr. So. Burlington, VT 05403 Course Dir.: Woodie Clifton (802) 863-4714

Sunday, July 25 Simi Valley, CA- 9:00 am-5:00 pm Imagymation GymnastiCS 4685 Unit 3G Industrial SI. Simi Valley, CA 93063 Course Dir.: Jeff Lulla (818) 845-0700

Thursday, August 5 Woodward, PA - 5:30 pm-9:30 pm Woodward Gymnastics Camp p.o. Box 93 Woodward, PA 16882 Course Dir.: Michael Rizzuto / Dave Moskovitz Phone: (317) 237-5050

Friday, July 30 Peoria, IL- 12:30 pm-6:30 pm Summit Gymnastics Training Complex

Tllis COllrSi' will be held ill COlljllllctioll witll tile USA Gymnastics Summer Coadles Workshop.

Sunday, August 15 Oldsmar, FL- 12:00 noon-6:00 pm Gemini School of Gymnastics Oldsmar, FL Course Dir.: D.J. Milem (904) 641-9966 Local Contact: Toni Rand (305) 972-4947

Sunday, September 12 Atlanta, GA- 10:30 am-2:30 pm Atlanta Marriott Marquis 265 Peachtree Center Ave. Atlanta, GA 30303 Call USGF for further details. This COllr5(' will be held ill COlij/lllCtioll with the USGF Nfltiolla/Collgress.

Tlris cOIaSt' will be 11e1d ill colljllllction with the WOlIIl'll 'S slate dillic.

Thursday, August 19 Cable, WI-1:30 pm-5:00 pm Lake Owen Camp HC 60, Box 60 Cable, WI 54821 Course Oir.: Steve Whitlock/ Dave Moskovitz Phone: (317) 237-5050 This COllrse will be held ill COlljUllctioll witll the USA Gymllastics Slimmer Coadles Workshop.

Friday, August 27 Salt Lake City, UT- 8:00am-1:00 pm Call USGF for further details. This course will be held in conjunction with the u.s.Championships. Thursday, September 9 Atlanta, GA- 5:00 pm-9:00 pm Atlanta Marriott Marquis 265 Peachtree Center Ave. Atlanta, GA 30303 Call USGF for further details. This course will be held ill cOl/jullction with the USGF Natiollal (ol/gress.

,-----------------------------, I Participation Registration Form I Name: Mr. / Mrs./Ms.

Please make checks payable in full to USA Gymnastics Safety Certification

Soc. Sec. # Address: State:

City: Telephone: (H)

Zip

(W)

Mail Registration Form and Payment to: USA Gymnastics Safety, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol, Indianapolis, IN 46225

Course Director: Date:

Course Location: Organization Represented: If USA Gymnastics Member, List Type and Number

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00 NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE â&#x20AC;˘ FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Registration Form Received:

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Number: Signature: Date: LExpiration _____________________________ 1793

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Sunday, September 19 New York City, NY- 11 :00 am-5:00 pm Sutton Gymnastics 20 Cooper Square New York City, NY 10003 Course Dir.: Joan Hicks (203) 924-8666 Raleigh, NC -10:00 am-5:00 pm North Raleigh Gymnastics 7221 Becky Circle Raleigh, NC 27615 Course Dir.: Don Davis (919) 790-9400 Local Contact: Jean Davis Friday, September 24 Tacoma, WA - 5:00 pm-9:00 pm Lakewood YMCA-Board Room Tacoma, WA Course Dir.: Leigh Eaton (206) 874-1363 Sunday, October 3 Flemington, NJ-1O:00 am-6:00 pm Gymnastics Unlimited RD#5 Box 80 Flemington, NJ 08822 Course Dir.: Cathy Finkel (201) 586-1808

1. The text book for the Certification Course is the USGF GYMNASTICS SAFETY MANUAL. This text/reference manual is to be purchased and studied prior to course participation. 2. The course will take approximately six hours, including the test. 3. Certification is good for four

years. 4. The Course/examination fee is

$100.00. USA Gymnastics members and second cycle recertification is $75.00. Retest cost is $25.00. For groups of at least 5, contact the USA Gymnastics Department of Safety and Education.