Technique Magazine - August 1993 by USA Gymnastics

USA Gymnastics The Official Technical Publication of USA Gymnastics

Book Review: Artistic Gymnastics Theory of Athletic Performance for Artistic Gymnastics Celebration of Healthy Sport 1993 Congress Training for Uneven Bars The Press Release USA Gymnaestrada Showcase Artistic Gymnastics? Does a Low Fat Diet Equal a Leaner Body?

EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS 1993 Technique Guide to Women's Training 1993 0 Paper, shrink·wrapped wilh lobs, 3·hale punched 0190 pp 0 UIGF PublilOlians lIem #363:1- 525.

1993

~ Guide 10 Training

L.,.II,

Prolessloool Development Ploglom

USGF GYMNASTICS SAFETY MANUAL

t;:;"" ~

1993 0 Paper, shrink·wrapped wilh labs, Hole punched 0190 pp 0 UIGf PublilOlians lIem #3634- 521.00

SALE!

....

To order any of these books, or other edu(O~ono l materials and Yideos presented in this issue, please complete this order form.

Price

If your current 2nd edition Manual is tattered and torn and you would like a replacement copy or if you need a 2nd edition Manual to participate in any safety courses scheduled prior to September 8, 1993-take advantage of this opportunity to purchase the 2nd edition book at the close-out price of $5.00 (plus shipping and handling).

Coaches desiring to complete this portion of Level II must successfully complete the enclosed multiple choice examinationand forward it to USA Gymnastics along with a $5 processing fee.

IQuantity I

The 3rd cycle of Safety Certification is scheduled to begin with the 1993 Congress courses in September. The USGF Safety Manual, 3rd edition, is currently being prepared to accompany the new course.

For women, the topics include: General, Sport Science, Conditioning, Vaulting, Bars, Balance beam, Floor exercise/dance, and Tumbling. For men: the topics are: General, Conditioning, Floor Exercise and Tumbling, Pommel Horse, Rings, Vaulting, Parallel Bars, and Horizontal bar.

Title

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These two publications are part of PDP Level II Coaching Accreditation. Reprints of training articles from Techniquemagazine issues dating from 1984-6/ 93 are included. 3-hole punched with tabbed Topic Guides, these articles are ready for you to insert into a binder for ready reference.

Item #

%;",

Jerry George, Editor 1990 0 Paper 0142 pp 0 UIGF PublilOlians lIem #6001-SlHD 55.00

~-_-

1993 Technique Guide to Men's Training

USGF Safety Manual 2nd edition

USA Gymnastics Order Form

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August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Inside This Issue

Contents

Publisher Mike Jacki

Book Review

Editor Stephen W. Whitlock

Artistic Gymnastics .................... ... ...... .......... ...... .......... ... ........ .. 5

Coaches Education

Production Luan Peszek

ACEP Leader Level Sport Science Course .. ............. .. ...... ....... 6 PDP-Level I Video Clinic Instructors .......... .. ............ ...... ... .... 40 PDP Level II Experience Verification ...... ........................ ...... .41 PDP Level II: Skill Com ponents ...... .. .................................... .42

Graphic Design Julie T. Jones Men's Program Administrator Robert Cowan Women's Program Administrator Kathy Kelly Rhythmic Program Administrator Nora Hitzel USA Gymnastics Board of Directors

Gymnastics Performance Theory A Theory of Athletic Performance for Artistic Gymnastics .... ... ......... ................. ..... ... .............. ... ... . 8 page 8

Nutrition Celebration of Healthy Sport ..... ................ ........... ...... ............ 14 Does a Low Fat Diet Equ al a Leaner Body .......... ... ........... .. .. 34

Technique The Handstand ........... ... .............. ... ............. ... ........ ............... ... . 15

Eme~~~~i:d;~X ~:~fn!~~~iivtT;eag~I~:~~~ r~~fer~ ~~~!~~:r~~ Wendy Hilliard, chair; Jim Hartung, vice chair; Michelle DU5serre, sec; Sheryl Dundas; Tim Dag~tt ; Karyn Lyon Glover; Tanya Service; Chris Wa ller; Kev in av is, USOC Athlete's Ad visory Council; Lind a Kardos, Admin. Advi sor; Amateur Ath letic Union: Stan Atkinson; American Sokol O rganization: Jer Milan; American Trampoline & Tumbling Association: ayne Dow ning; American Turners: Be~ H e~pn e r; Junior Boys Gymnast ics Coaches Association: a rc ancy; Me n's Elite Coaches Associa ti on: Peter Kormann; Na tio nal Association for Girls and Wom en in Sport: Dr. Mimi Murray; National Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Men: Able Grossfeld; Nat ional Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Women: Gail Da vis; Nat iona l Associa ti on of Women's nastics Judges: Yvon ne Hod/e; Nat ional Co ll egiate Ath etic Assoc iation: Ja ne Betts, Fre Tu ro ff; National Federation of State High School Associations: Susan Tru e; National Gymnastics Ju dges Association: Harry Bjerke; Na tional High School Gymnastics Coaches AssociatIOn: Jo hn Bri nkworth; Jewi sh Community Centers: Courtney Shanken; Rhythmic Coaches Association: Suzie DiTullio; Special Ol ym pics, Inc.: Kate Faber-Hickie; U.S. Association of Independent Gym C lubs: Lance Crowley; U.S. Eli te Coach es Associat ion for Women: To~ Gehman, Roe Kreut zer; U.s. Sports Acrobatics Federation: a nnie Da vidson; Young Men's Christian Associa tion: Rick Dod son; USA Gymnastics Nat iona l Membership Directors: Men's: Jim Holt, Rat G ura; Women' s: Joan Moore, Julia Thompson-A rel z; Rhyt mic: Alia Svirs ky, Ute Alt-Carberry.

Gre"'-

Congress Facts ........... .......... ... ............ ........... ............... ... ... ... ..... .............. .. 17 Meetings ........ .... .... ....................................... ... ... ............. ......... .. 18 Registration Form ........ ............................................ .......... ..... .. 19 Tentative Schedule ........................... ... ..... ..................... ..... ..... .. 20 Add-ons .. ..... ..... ..... ..... ... ................. .......... ........... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... 21 page 14

Uneven Bars Training for Uneven Bars .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ....................... ... .......... 22

Public Relations The Press Release .. ..... .. .......... ........ ........ ..... ........... ..... ... ........... 26

General Gymnastics USA Gymnaestrada Showcase ....... ......................................... 29

Commentary Artistic Gymnastics? ................ ....... ........... .... ... ........ ................ 32

Alternative Programming USA Gymnastics Executive Committee Chair: Sandy Kn~p; Secretary: Mike Milidonis; Vice ChairWomen: Nancy arsha ll; Vice ChairMen:Jim Howa rd ; Vice Chair RhythmiC: Norma Zabka ; Presi dent: Mike Jacki; FIG Women's Techn ical Committee: Jacki e Fie; FIG Rhy thmicTechnical Committee: Andrea Schmid-Shapiro; FIG Men's Techni ca l Committee: Bill Roetzheim; At Lar'te Members: Ji m Hartung, Roe Kreutzer; Athlete Directors: im Dag~ett , Michelle Dusserre, "Vend y Hilliard; Pres ident Emeritus: ud Wilkin son, Mike Donahue.

Associate Contents Editors Sports Science Advisory Committee Willi arn Sands, Ph.D., C ha ir, Sport s Advisory Com mitt ee Patty Hacker, Ph.D., Chair, Educat ion Sub-committee Stephen W. Whitl ock, Liaiso n

Un less exgressly id entifi ed to th e contra ry, a ll art icles, statement s an views printed herein are attributed so lely to the au thor and the Unit ed Sta tes Gy mnas tics Fed era tio n expresses no opinion and assumes no respo ns ibility thereof.

TECHNIQUE August 1993

Attention Gymnastics Club Coaches! .... .......... ..... ..... ... ......... 36 page 26

Announcements .................................................. ....... ....... ... ............. .. .. ............. .... 37

Rythmic Code of Points Code Clarifications ...... ... ... ........ ..... .. ......................... ... .......... .. 43

Minutes W-Women's Program Conf. Call, 6/21 .. .... .. ....... .... ........ ..... .44 W-Women's Tech. Comm. Conf. Call, 6/24 ......................... 44 R-J.O. Program Comm., 6/25-27, Atlanta, GA ....... ... .... ...... .45 CH A GE OF A DDRESS AND SUBSCR IPTIO N INQ UIRIES: In order to ensure uninterru p ted d elivery of TECHN IQUE magaz ine, not ice o f change of address s hould be mad e six to e ight weeks in advance. For fa stest service, pleaseenc1ose you r present mailing label. Di rect all s ubscript io n ma il to TECHNIQUE Su bscriptions, Pan Ameri ca n Plaza, 201 S. Capit o l Ave., Suit e 300, Indianapolis, I 46225. TECHNIQUE is published 10 times per yea r by USA Gymnastics, Pa n American Pla za, 201 S. Ca pitol Ave., Suite 300, In dia nap olis, IN 46225 (phone: 3 1 7-237~5050). Third class postage pa id at Indianapoli s, IN. Subscript ion price: 525.00 per yea r in United States; a ll o ther co untries $48.00 per yea r. If ava ilable, back issue s ing le co pies $4.00 plus 51.00 postage/ handling. All reasonable care will be taken, bu t no responsibility can be assumed for un solicited material; encl ose return pos tage. Copyright 1993 by USA Gymna stics and TECHNIQUE. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

page 34

PLEASE NOTE: The videos listed in this magazine are provided for educational and historic purposes. While every effort is made to produce videos of the highest quality, it should be noted that some of the videos are produced at events ut ilizing handheld cameras from va ntage pOints in the stands by non-professional volun teer technicians. Only limited editing and production enhancemen ts are ut ilized in order to provide a timely product at a reasonable cost to the USA Gymnastics membershi p.

VIDEOTAPES

Use the order form on page 2 to order any of these publications.

Educational General How to tape an injured gymnast. This tape was prepared by Larry Nassar, ATe. (Part I ~ 1:55, Part II ~ 1:23) #2102 $19.95 PDP level I instructor's starter kit. For Levell Clinic

Administrators. Includ es vid eo and 15 Clinic Wo rkbooks. #3609 $60.00 Safety Video. Gy mnastics 1st, 2nd, and a lways. #2601 $39.95 Back exercises for the gymnast. A video designed to lessen the problem of back pain in the gymnast. With use of a skeleton a nd gymnasts, L.Nassar, ATC, demonstrates how body positioning, flexibi lity, pelvic sta biliza ti on & muscular exercises are bene ficial.

(1:20)(1 992)

#2410

$10.95

Men Basic Skills Achievement Program (BSAP) video. Demon#52 $29.95 stration of all of the skills. J.O. Compulsory Program (JOCP) video. Demonstration of a ll of the exercises. (Edited by class level) #2221 $39.95

Women J.O. Compulsory Video levels 1-4. Companion to the compulsory book. #2105 $29.95 J.O. Compulsory Video l evels 5-7 and 10. Companion to the #2106 #29.95 compulsory book. J.O. Dance Workouts 1-3 for coaches' tape. Explanation of the basic dance exercises. (2:00) #2173 $15.00 J.O. Dance Workouts 1-3 for gymnast's tape. Basic balle t exercises designed for the gy mnasts to follow. Demonstrated by M. Faulkenberry. (2:00) #2171 $15.00 J.O. Dance Workouts 4 & 5 for gymnasts. These levels are newly completed. #2172 $15.00 Roundoff vault training. Developed by T. Ge hman for the Women's ).0. program . Prerequisites, training tips, conditioning, and technique. #2107 $19.95 Talent Opportunity Program (T.O.P.), Indianapolis, IN. National Testing. This tape shows a ll of the physical abilities tests used at the Na tional Testing in Indianapolis. (1 993) #2139 $14.95

traini ng camp, Colo. Spgs. (2:00)

#2272

$12.95

Olympic Development Program (ODP) video-1992. Complete demonstration. #61 $29.95 USGF Congress, Indianapolis. International trends in men's gymnastics. Presentation by M. Wa tanabe. (1991) #2243 $15.95 Goal setting and preparation for competitions. Sport Psychology session by Dr. K. McKelvain at 92 na t. team camp, Colo. Spgs. (2:00)(1992) #2273 $14.95 USGF Congress, Anaheim. Dieter Hofmann's lectures. Clinic for men's coaches. (2 parts: total time ~ 9 hrs in SLP)(1992) #2200 $39.95 Intercontinental Judges Course, Tampa, Fla. Pommel Horse. Presentation by B. Roetzheim. (SLP forma t) (1992) #2210 $24.95 Colo. Spgs. Coaches Seminar for Men's Gymnastics. TU: Liukin; V: Artemov; PB: Tomita; R: O'Neill; HB: Akopya n; Conditioning& Periodi zation:Sands; PH : Daggett; Watanabe. (2 tapes, SLP format, 5:43) (1993) #2253 $24.95

Preschool!elementary Preschool Workshop, Ft. Worth. Swedish gymnastics. Features Kajsa Mu rmark & Gun Stahl. #1/3 tapes includes: Introduc tion, Philosophy, and first group lessons. (2:00)(1991) #2130 $12.95 Preschool Workshop, Ft. Wort h. Swedish gymnastics. Features Kajsa Murmark &Gun Stahl. #2/3 tapes includes: Ways to use appara tus, Day in the jung le, Bean bag acti vities, and Games. (2:00)(1991) #2131 $12.95 Preschool Workshop, Ft. Worth. Swedish gymnastics. Features Kajsa Murmark & Gun Sta hl. #3/3 tapes includes: Games, Balloon ac tivities, and fin al lessons. (2:00)(1991) #2132 $12.95

compulsory book, this v ideo s ho ws the six level 5 rou tines performed from bo th a front and rea r viewpoint. The level 6

routines are also performed in phrases.

#2321

$29.95

92-96 J.O. Rh ythmic Level 7 & 8 VHS. Companion to the compulsory book, th e vid eo

ShO \tV5

th e six leve l 7 routines

and the level 8 RFX from two viewpoints. #2322

$29.95

USA / Japan Annual Dua l Meet, Hamamatsu City, )PN, March, 1993. Team and Event Finals. Team results: JPN-218.350, USA-217.300. AA results: T.Chinen 54.70 (JPN), Y. Hatakeda54.65 (JPN), Gregg Curtis-54.25 (USA), S.Wa tanabe-53.95), ).D.Rei ve-53.75 (USA), N.lwai-53.70 (JPN). Other USA tea m members included D.Durbin and R.Kieffer.#2257 $12.95 McDonald's Am. Cup, Oriando,FL. Prelims and Finals. Scherbo56.950 (BLR), Ringnald-55.700 (USA), Wecker-55.175 (GER), Sharipov-55.000 (UKR), Gherman-54.850 (ROM), Wa ller54.650 (USA), Supola-53.700 (HU N), Centazzo (ITA), Curtis (USA), Umino (JPN), Thomas (GBR), Bravo (ESP), Pluss (SU I), Lopez (MEX), Keswick (USA), Dashua ng(CHN) (1993) #2252 $19.95

Rhythmic NEW ).0. Rhythmic Championshi ps, Colo. Spgs., 1993.

NEW

Training Men NEW

#2380 $24.95 Rhythmic C hampionships, Colo . Spg.s, 1993. Level 8 RFX, Ba ll, Ribbon and Clubs. (2 tapes) #2381 $24.95

Women Sr. Na tiona l Team Spring Training Camp, Colo. Spgs, CO. Clinics and lectures. The foc us of the training camp was Oly mpic compulsories. Mini -

clinics: PH (B urch); R (O'Neill); V (Hamada); PB (M izoguchi); HB (Furman). Lectures: Strength tra ining (Major); Sport Psychology (McKelva in). (SLP format 6:00) (1 993) #2280 $24.95 Sr. Na tiona l Team Spring Tra ining Camp, Colo. NEW Spgs,CO. Sr. Men's Training Sessions. The focus of th e training camp was Oly mpic compulsories.

(SLP format 4:00) (1993)

#2281

$24.95

Women Talent Opportunities Program (TOPs) Na tional NEW Tra iningCamp, Birmingha m,A L, Ma y, 1993. Activities. Warm-up (Towson), Va u lt (Artemov), Tumbling (Elliott), UB Lioukin / Akopyan), BB (Grossfeld ), FX (Pozsar), Dance (Towson), and Banquet. (A-SLP 4:56) #2150 $24.95 (1993) Talent Opportunities Program (TOPs) Na tional NEW TrainingCa mp, Birmingham,A L, May, 1993. Lectures. TumbleTrax (Dav is), Training (Dr.5ands), Nu tritio n (Dr. Benadot), Coaching (Grossfeld ), Taping (Nassar), and Sport Psychology (Dr. Duda). (A-SLP, 3:42) (1993) #2151 $24.95 Elite Compulsory WorkshOp, Salt Lake City. '96 Elite Compulsory Exercises. This workshop was he ld in conjunctio n with

the American Classic on March 28, 1993. Clinicia ns included : BB & FX: Grossfeld; TU & V: Elliott; a nd UB: Akopyan. (SLP format,4:00) #2149 $15.95

Competitions Men

Rhythmic 92-96 J.O. Rhythmic LevelS & 6 VHS. Companion to the

Wo rld Championships, Birmingham, GBR, April, 1993. Men's preliminary rounds. #2296 $16.95

Level 7 RFX, Rope, Hoop and Ribbon. (2 tapes)

J.O. Compulsory Program (JOCP) video. Demonstration of all of the exercises. (Edi ted by event) #2222 $39.95 Jr. Nat. Team Dance Training program and Boy's team w inte r

Belenki-55.225 (UNA), Korobchinski-55.100 (UKR), Keswick54.875 (USA). FX: Misutin-9.400, Thomas-9.350, Scherbo9.350. PH: Pae-9.750, Wecker-9.425, Schupkegel-9.400. R: C hechi-9.625, Wecker-9.575, Ivankov-9.500. V: Scherbo-9.612, FengChih-9.487, Yoo-9.418. PB:Scherbo-9.600, Korobchinski9.525, Belenki-9.475. HB: Charkov-9.450, Gherman-9.375, Supola-9.350. #2295 $19.95

).0. Na tiona ls, Ann Arbor, MI, Ma y 7-8. Event

NEW Finals.)r. Elite I, )r. Elite II (14-15)& 16-18), C lass Ill. (2:00) #2279 $16.95 World Champions hips, Birmingha m, GBR, April, 1993. Men's all-around finals and individual event final s. Scherbo-56.174 (BLR),Charkov-55.625(RUS), Wecker-55.450(GER), Ivan kov55.425 (BLR), Karbanenko-55.275 (RUS), Liukin-55.225 (K2K),

World Championships, Birming ha m, GBR., April , 1993. Women's all-around finals. Miller-39.062 (USA), Gogear 39.055 (ROM ), Lisenko-39.011 (UKR), Dawes-38.830 (USA) Fabrichnova-38.630 (RUS), Galieva-38.586 (U2B), Piskun38.554 (BLR), Milosovici-38.392 (ROM). (B)#2195 $16.95 Wo rld Champ ionships, Birmingha m, GBR, Ap ril , 1993. Women's individual event finals . VA ULT: Piskun-9.762, Miloso vici-9.737, Chusov itina-9.718. BARS: MiIler-9.887, Dawes-9.800, Cacovea n-9.787. BEAM: Milosovici-9.850, Dawes-9.725, Gogean-9.650. FLOOR: Miller-9.787, Gogea n#2196 $12.95 9.737, Bobrova-9.712. (B, 0:00) Am. Classic, Sa lt Lake C ity, March, 1993. Junior and Senior Na tional Optionals. Ju nior resu lts: H.Prosser-72.230, M.Arnold-72.64, 0.Willis-71.35, A.M ueller-70.61, D.Barr70.23, J.Carow-69.99. Senior results: H.Har riman-72.905, A.M ura kami-71.93, K.Monahan-71.855, L.Brown-71.435, M.Leopoldus-70.975, ).Basile-70.940. (1 :12) #2145 $12.95 Am. Classic, Sa lt Lake City, March, 1993. Junior International Optionals. Selected routines includ ing: T.Meyers-37.20, D.Thompson, 37.15, ).Thompson-37.125, E.Johnson-36.70, ).Martini-36.375, E.Diaz-36.35, B. Knaeble-36.325, M.F1ammer36.175. (1:21) #2146 $14.95 Am. Class ic, Salt Lake Ci ty, Ma rch, 1993. Senior International Optiona ls. Selected routines including: S.M iller (exhibiti on), K.5trug-39. 10, D.Da wes-39.075, A. Borden-38.225; H.Hornbeek-38.025, M.G ruggs-38.00, K.McDermott-37.70, H.Brink-37.25, M.Campi-37.225, A.Erdos-37.15, M.Webster36.975. (1:41) #2147 $16.95 USA/Japan Ann ual Dua l Meet, Hamamatsu City, lPN, March, 1993. Team and Event Finals. Team results: JPN-148.625, USA-148.325. AA results: M.Kosuge-38.050 (JP ), L.French37.325 (USA), A.Chow-37.225 (USA), K. Powell-37.100 (USA), E.5ugawara-37. 100 (JPN), M.Etoh-36.675 (JPN). The o ther USA team member was Rachel Rochelli . #2148 $12.95 McDonald's Am. Cup, Orlando, FL. Prelims and Finals. Miller39.268 (USA), Strug-38.168 (USA), Piskun-37.837 (B Ll~), Xu e m e i- 37. 455 (C H N), Portoca rrero-37.206 (GUAL Hadarean-36.762 (ROM), Kosuge-35.798 (JPN), Galloway35.173 (CAN), Dawes (USA), Borden (USA), Campi (USA Stobvtchata ia (UKR), Machado (FRA), Molnar (H UN) e Hristakieva (BUL) (1 993) #2152 $19.95

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Book Review

ARTISTIC ASTICS: A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO PERFORMING AND TEACHING SKILLS FOR BEGINNERS AND ADVANCED BEGINNERS Are you attempting to build a gymnastics library? You've found all of the current literature on conditioning, safety and sports psychology; retrieved all of your old Technique a nd USA Gymnas tics m aga zines; purchased those necessary books on coaching, health, fitness, recreational gymnas tics and nutrition, not to mention the 1993 Code of Points. Still missing something? We suggest that you consider the following book. In Artistic Gymnastics: A Comprehensive Guide to Per-

forming and Teaching Skills for Beginners and Advanced Beginners, Fred Turoff presents a d etailed examination of the training necessary for many basic and essential skills of gymnastics. While there have been a number of recent publications for the gymnastics community, few of these specifically address the actual techniques involved in performing and teaching the sport of gymnastics. Artistic Gymnastics covers both men's and women's gymnastics and is written for a broad audience-including coaches, physical education instructors, gymnasts and parents.

Artistic Gymnastics is organized into chapters specific to the Olympic events in men's and women' s artistic gymnastics. Other chapters cover safety, terminology, warm-ups, judging, medical considerations and trampoline. The event chapters are not strictly organized by apparatus, but are logically grouped and divided . For example, horizontal bar and uneven parallel bars are addressed together, while floor exercise is di vided into three chapters covering dance, tumbling, and balances and transitions. Each event chapter beg ins with a brief description of terminology and the organiza tion of the u pcoming material. Then, Turoff goes on to address numerous moves on each event. Basic explanations are well supplemented with many photographic illustrations. Each chapter concludes with a suggested list of sequences for practice.

TECHNIQUE August 1993

The vast majority of skills in this book are basic unrated skills or rated at the A level of difficulty-there are some elementary B's sprinkled throughout. Each individual skill is introduced by explaining its relevance and relationship to other skills. Turoff then provides a detailed breakdown on the mechanics of performance, w hich is accompanied by sequence photographs d emonstrating the key dynamics of each skill. Note: Sometimes the body positions in the pictures are not ideal-in these instances Turoff notes his suggestions in the caption. Each skill d escription is concluded by a listing of common performance problems, followed by expert advice to the coach on how to spot the gymnast attempting this skill.

Artistic Gymnastics contains basic information on safety, judging, medical advice, and so forth, but the primary contribution of this book lies in technical explanations and detailed advice available to the coach. The supporting chapters are certainly necessary, but they are neither intended nor presented as the primary purpose of this book. Instead, Turoff makes recommendations to the reader about other appropriate sources, such as the US GF Safety Manual, for more in-depth information on these topics. Because Artistic Gymnastics presents a rather thorough review of the building blocks of gymnastics, the USGF Boy's Junior Olympic Program has endorsed this book as recommended reading. Highlights of the book include consistency of organization an easy-going writing style, and a plethora of helpful illustrations-most of these photographs include spotters. As a collegiate coach and former' gymnast, Turoff has an extensive knowledge about the sport of gymnastics-he shares this experience and his insights in Artistic Gymnastics. This book is appealing to everyone from the novice gymnas tics parent to the experienced coach. For the novice w ho is unfamiliar w ith (and perhaps d aunted by) gymnastics terminology and the complexity of the sport, this book offers clear, step-by-step explanations. For the more experienced coaches, the book provides a wealth of information in the for m of a comprehensive reference for both men's and women's gymnastics.

Reviewed by: Rachele Harless, USA Gymnastics Educational Services Intern (Rice University)

You may order this book through the USA Gymnastics Merchandise Department. Use the Order Form on page 2 of this magazzne. Artistic Gymnastics: A Comprehensive Guide to Performing and Teaching Skills for Beginners and Advanced Beginners • 1991 • Paper • 413 pp Item #50 $21.95

Coaches Education

ACEP lEADER I.EVEL SPORT SCIENCE CoURSE Cable, WI 54821 (715) 798-3785 Course Instr. : Dave Moskovitz Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050

SA Gymnastics will be sponsoring ACEP Sport Science courses at special rates for gymnastics professionals . Certified ACEP instructors who are registered with USA Gymnastics will conduct these courses. Successful completion of this course fulfills one requirement for PDP Level II Accreditation. Use the form below to pre-register for the course of your choice. To guarantee your registration, a completed registration form must be received by USA Gymnastics 3 weeks (21 days) prior to the published course date.

FRIDAY

& SATURDAY •

& SUNDAY

• AUGUST 21-22

Sat - 6:00-9:00p.m. Sun -10:00a.m.-3:00p.m. Lake Owen Camp, HC 60, Box 60,

UOA GYMNASTICS

g~~~~~~~I&'S3~~~~ wO~ksAUGUST 28.29 4:00 p .m.-8:00 p .m., 9:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m. Omega School of Gymnastics, 1217 N . Monroe, Papillion, NE 68046 Course Instr. : Mike Stanner (402) 339-2924

WEDNESDAY

& THURSDAY

• SEPT. 8·9

8:30 a.m.-9:00 p.m., 8:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m. Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA Course Instr.: Dave Moskovitz (317) 237-5050 This course is an ACEP Leader Level LTS. The above course will be held ill colljllnctiollwith the 1993

W~~~~~~~~ &"f~tRSDAY

The above collrse will be held ill COlljllllctiollwith the USGF Illdialla State Busilless Meetillg.

SATURDAY

The above collrse will be held ill COlljllllCliollwith the USA

AUGUST 20·21

Holiday Inn Airport Indianapolis, IN Course Instr.: Ed Gibson (219) 736-5600 Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050

Course Instr.: TBA (317) 237-5050 The above COllrse will be held ill COlljllllCtioll with the 1993 USA GY"lllastics COllgress.

• SEPT. 8·9

3:00 p.m.-9:00 p.m., 8:30 a.m.-ll:30 a.m. Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA Course Instr.: TBA (317) 237-5050

&SUNDAY

The above course will be held ill COlljllllCtiollwith the Regioll I Milli-Collgress.

THURSDAY

• SEPT. 10 &12

7:00 p.m.-10:00 p .m., 9:00 a .m.-3:00 p. m. Marrio tt Marquis, Atlan ta, GA

& FRIDAY

• SEPT. 30·0CT. 1

5:00 p .m.-9:00 p.m., 9:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m. Holiday Inn Eastgate, Cincinnati, OH (513) 752-4400 Course Instr.: Dave Moskovitz (317) 237-5050 Contact: Vicki Haggard (513) 489-7575 The above COllrse will be held ill cOlljllnctiollwith the Regioll V Mini-Collgress.

THURSDAY

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A THEORY OF

ATHLETIC

PERFORMANCE FOR ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS ew would disagree that artistic gymnastics is among the most technically complex of all sports activities. The complexity of gymnastics is due largely to its skill-intensive nature - there is an almost endless variety of individual skills, or "tricks," from which the gymnastics performer may select.

field of interest. As humans, we possess an insatiable need to explain the things we observe, and as a result we synthesize our observations into hypotheses. We then form more general explanations and eventually unite these explanations into a theory (see Figure 1). New studies are then conducted deductively both to test the existing theory and to generate new observations.

Stacey Rudd, Ph.D.

In order to understand a sport as complicated as gymnastics, relevant and meaningful research must be conducted. In the last half of this century, literally hundreds, if not thousands of articles, books, theses, and dissertations have been published to further the knowledge of those of us in the gymnastics community. Many of these publications are the result of scientific investigation, others are quasi-scientific, and still others are based on personal opinion and anecdotal misinformation. What is most striking about this growing body of research , however, is the absence of theory. Theory is essential to the continued development of a discipline. Theory formation not only serves to explain and synthesize previous research efforts, it also gives direction and purpose to future research.

The Nature of Theory As stated previously, theory serves to synthesize existing research in a science or diSCipline. In chemistry, for example, Mendeleev's Periodic Table of the Elements represents a theoretical structure which beautifully summarized and synthesized a large portion of the research conducted in chemistry up to that tim Synthesizing information involves combining in vidual facts into larger categories which include and / or explain all of the units within that category.

Once information is synthesized into larger, more meaningful categories, it may be that patterns, or relaIn the normal course of scientific investigation, a tionships, emerge between the categories. These relagreat many individual facts, or observations, are col- tionships may provide explanations to many phenomlected through numerous studies within a particular ena within a discipline. In the field of psychology, for example, Abraham Maslow theorized a "hierarchy of ...-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.....J......;n;.;.;e:;.;e;.;;d;;.;;s~"....;i::.;n~w;.;,.hich human needs are organized into categories and then arranged hierarchically in terms of their importance for Figure 1 survival. According to Maslow's THEORY theory, biological needs must be met before social and spiritual needs may be satisfied. By giving order to indiMORE GENERAL EXPLANATION MORE GENERAL EXPLANATION vidual observations which appear to be random, a theory explains and clarifies details which were previously hidden or unclear.

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HYPOTHESIS

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HYPOTHESIS

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BEGIN WITH OBSERVATIONS Figure 1. Theory Developme nt by Wa y of Inductive Reasoning. From R. L. Hoenes and B.S. Chissom ( 1975) . A Stude nt G uide for Educ ational Researc h (2nd edition). p . 22. Statesboro. GA Vog Press. Reprinted wi th p e rmission .

Along with syntheSiS and explanation, theory also functions to improve communication between individuals within a field of interest. The existence of theory allows professionals in a diScipline to clarify ideas and terminology which may have been vag or ambiguous in the past. Finally, theory is heuristic. In other words, carefully constructed theory stimulates questions for future re-

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Gymnastics Performance Theory

search and helps to establish priorities for future research efforts. As an example, assume that you are being given an IQ test. The tester says to you, " ... two, four, six, eight ... " and then asks you to respond with some number of your own. You answer, "ten." You are correct, but how did you know? After hearing the numbers called out, you theorized that the tester was referring to "the even numbered integers between zero and ten," and you simply had to complete the sequence. Your ability to theorize, or establish a pattern in the numbers, allowed you to understand the direction of future events. The purpose of this paper is to propose a theory of athletic performance for artistic gymnastics. Though the model presented in this paper was derived from a taxonomic study of women's gymnastics, the model applies equally well to both genders at the level of theory.

Review of the Literature Applicable theories in the field of sport science are rare, and in gymnastics they are all but non-existent. Though a more complete review of theories and classification systems in sport may be found in Rudd (1991), a few of the more pertinent are discussed here. In an early attempt to claSSify sport ski1ls, Poulton (1957) made the distinction between "open" and "closed" skills. An open skill involves performance in the context of a changing and unpredictable environment. SpaCial and/ or temporal uncertainty existing in the external environment places restrictions on the performer which preclude predictions regarding the exact characteristics of the skill. A closed skill, on the other hand, is one which" ... can be carried out successfully without reference to the environment." (p. 472) The nature of a closed skill is such that its characteristics may be known in advance. The skills performed in gymnastics represent examples of closed skills wherein the gymnast need only reprod uce skills and rou tines in competition exactly as they were performed in practice. Frederick (1979) composed a "synthesis" taxonomic system to classify movements in artistic gymnastics along two dimensions: complexity and utility for survival. Six clusters of 13 gymnastics elements were classified from the simple to the complex. Frederick's utilitarian categories of skills include transport or vaulting skills; primary skills, which involve force, balance, or flexibility; common skills such as cartwheels, saltos, and short circles; spoke-rim skills (kips); esoteric skills, or swings and leg circles; and parasitic, or twis ting skills. Although Frederick intended to provide a theoretical system which is heuristic, the above classificaTECHNIQUE August 1993

tion system appears to be lacking both in internal consistency and parsimony. Cratty (1966) proposed a three-level theory of perceptual motor behavior in an attempt to resolve a heated debate in physical education regarding the specificity versus generality of motor skill learning, and to " ... synthesize the data of observations and of measurement." (p. 3) The base of Cratty's hierarchical model contains the "general components" of movement behavior which, according to Cratty, are relatively fixed and unchangeable. The intermediate level consists of specific ability traits such as static strength and extent flexibility. The apex of the Cratty model contains the task-specific elements of a particular performance, such as the specific movement patterns of a task and the social characteristics of the performance environment.

Methodology In a study conducted over a two year period between 1989 and 1991 (Rudd, 1991), this author sought to determine, as preCisely as pOSSible, the anthropometric and ability related characteristics of the successful female gymnast. The purpose of the study was to develop a classification system (taxonomy) which would aid gymnastics coaching professionals in selecting students for advanced training. It was soon clear, however, that unexpected relationships were developing between the major categories of athlete variables. The hierarchical Theory of Athletic Performance for artistic gymnastics was then proposed as a parallel result to the original taxonomy. The taxonomy and theory were both included in the final study and defended before a panel of experts, which included specialists in women's gymnastics, qualitative meta-analytic research design, theory construction, and measurement and quantitative methods. Although a brief methodological outline of the study will be presented here, the reader is referred to the original work for greater detail. The taxonomy and resultant hierarchy were generated inductively using a qualitative meta-analytic approach. A meta-analysis requires that all relevant past studies in a particular area of interest be "combined" using the appropriate quantitative or qualitative technique, and then analyzed to test the significance of the variables in question. The techniques used in the current study included content analysis (Weber, 1985) for preliminary data analysis of over 200 articles, and connotative clustering (Miller, 1972) for secondary data analysis of 130 articles. The studies selected for secondary analysis mainly used the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (Pearson's r) to correlate scores on hypothesized 9

The purpose of the study was to develop a classification system (taxonomy) which would aid gymnastics coaching professionals in selecting students for advanced training. It was soon clear, however, that unexpected relationships were developing between the major categories of athlete variables. The hierarchical Theory of Athletic Performance for artistic gymnastics was then proposed as a parallel result to the original taxonomy.

Performance abilities are influenced by, and are therefore subordinate to, kinanthropometric characteris tics. (Carter, 1985). Kinanthropometry is the study of the ways in which the dimensions of the human body affect its mechanical function or performance.

predictive tests of gymnastics ability (such as body mass index or somatotype) with some criterion performance (such as beam or vault scores in competition). A high r-value suggests that the predictive test accurately reflects some latent athlete characteristic which is required for successful performance. Conversely, a low correlation between the predictive test and criterion performance suggests that the test does not suitably measure the physiological or mechanical requirements of the performance. A "master list" was constructed containing all of the test variables used to predict gymnastics performance. Repeated connotative clustering was used to combine and classify variables into categories on the basis of similarities in the athlete characteristics which each variable measures. Variables and variable categories were included in the final taxonomy if they were found to be significant predictors of superior performance in a clear majority of the studies analyzed. Finally, the theoretical hierarchy of athletic performance was constructed from among the broadest categories of predictor variables appearing in the taxonomy. A number of delimiting factors guided the construction of the final theory. First, the hierarchy as presented is limited to the psychomotor realm of human learning. No attempt has been made to incorporate cognitive, affective, or socio-economic variables into the model due to the relatively sparse and ambiguous nature of the literature in these areas. Second, the hierarchical model focuses on the preparation of the gymnast up to, but not including actual competitive performance (which may be represented as Level 8). The competitive aspect of athletic performance would require examination of numerous affective variables (spectator effects, self-efficacy, etc.) which, again, are beyond the focus of the current study. A final delimitation is that the completed model applies only to the sport of artistic gymnastics. Although a general hierarchy of athletic performance could be modified with little difficulty to meet the needs of other sports activities, the sport science literature which supports the notion of specificity of motor abilities suggests that an athletic performance model should not encompass too broad a range of movement activities. In order for a classification system to assume the role of hypothesized theory, relationships (in the present case, a hierarchy) between, broader categories must be established. A new literature review was therefore needed to support or refute the presence of any interca tegory rei a tionships in the taxonomy. In other words, the particular ordering of categories must be supported by a preponderance of the scientific literature, and not just determined arbitrarily. After an extensive review of the relevant literature, a number of "ordering principles" began to emerge. These ordering principles not only outline the relationships between ta xonomic categories, they also serve to clarify the limits or "boundaries" of the final theory.

The ordering principles are listed below along with ? brief statement on each and a few of the primar) sources from which each principle was derived . Again, the reader is referred to the original study for a more complete discussion.

Principle #1. There exists a high degree of specificity

and a low degree of generality in motor skill acquisition . (Henry & Rogers, 1960; Kirby, et al, 1981). The specificity hypothesis states that motor abilities such as strength, balance, etc. are specific to the task being performed, and that the amount of transfer of abilities from one task to another is relatively small. This principle mandates that motor abilities be classified and described very precisely, even to the level of specific joints and the direction of joint motions.

Principle #2. Athletes skilled in a given activity

exhibit very similar neuromuscular response patterns during the performance of a given task. (Landa, 1974; Leggett, 1971). The principle of motor pattern similarity suggests that the neuromuscularresponse requirements for a given skill are basically the same despite inter-individual differences in morphology and motor abilities. According to this principle, a single model should be sufficient to account for the overt motor behavior of all individuals participating in a given sport. Principle#3. Psychomotor skills are based upon,and

are therefore subordinate to (in a higher position hierarchically), performance abilities. (Fleishman, 1964; Sage, 1977; Schmidt, 1982). A number of writers have stated that abilities "underlie" skills or form the basis for skill acquisition. As Sage states, "Abilities serve as the foundation stones for the development of skills, which are specific responses for the accomplishment of a task. A skill is learned through practice and depends upon the presence of underlying abilities." (p. 376). Principle #4. Performance abilities are influenced by,

and are thereforesubordinate to,kinanthl'Opometric characteristics . (Carter, 1985). Kinanthropometry is the study of the ways in which the dimensions of the human body affect its mechanical function or performance. The relationship between kinanthropometric characteristics and other categories of variables, such as performance abilities, is illustrated in the following quote by Carter, "Thus morphology, or physique, is related to the physiology and biomechanics of the human body in motion. Masses, levers, and forces are the cornerstones of human movement, and their quantification is the foundation for building a more complete knowled ge of human performance." (p. 106)

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Gymnastics Performance Theory Results This investigation was originally intended to produce a classification system of morphologic and ability related characteristics of the advanced female gymnast in order to aid gymnastics coaches and program directors in selecting potential athletes for their competitive programs. A hierarchical theory of athletic performance also emerged as a parallel result of this study and was included in the original paper. Although space limitations preclude a complete discussion of the variables and categories in the taxonomy, the hierarchy (comprising the major categories of the taxonomy) is presented here (see Figure 2). Levell of the hierarchy is represented by the timefunction kinanthropometric category of variables. The items within this category are athlete characteristics which change only by the passage of time; i.e., they cannot be altered by the coach or by training practices. This category includes the age of the athlete, height, lengths of body segments, certain significant body diameters and segment ratios, and maturational and experiential measures. Level 2 of the model represents the trainable kinanthropometric variables and includes those morphologic characteristics which respond to the effects of training. Included in Level 2 are body weight, body composition, certain body segment circumferences and diameters, skinfold measures, and somatotype.

Figure 2

Level 3 of the hierarchy includes the psychomotor abilities which may be broadly labeled as strength, flexibility, and anaerobic power. It would be incorrect, however, to suggest that individuals possess a general strength or power ability. The research supporting the specificity hypothesis (above) clearly indicates that motor abilities are specific to both the joint and the direction of joint motion involved in a skill. Included in Level 3, therefore, are seven specific strength components (shoulder flexion strength, for example), seven "types" of flexibility, and two movement-specific types of anaerobic power. Also included in Level 3 is a subcategory for task-specific error correction, or practice. As strange as it may seem, the scientific literature in the areas of balance, kinesthesis, spacial orientation, coordination, and agility failed to establish any clear relationships between these "abilities" and gymnastics performance. Although more w ill be presented on this topic in a later paper, suffice it to say that these variables are probably highly task specific and should, for the time being, fall under the category of "practice." It may not be possible to examine Levels 4 through 7 empirically using the scientific literature, because correlational studies in these areas would be meaningless. It is for this reason that the upper four levels of the hierarchy remain, for now, a hypothesized structure only. It should, however, make intuitive sense to any individual who is knowledgeable in gymnastics that routines (Level 7) are composed of combinations (Level 6) of skills CLeve I 5) which are in turn composed of smaller, single-direction segments which this writer has termed "skill components" (Level 4).

IL7 ROUTINES

IL6 COMBINATIONS

SKILLS SKILL COMPONENTS

PERFORMANCE ABILITIES

Figure 2. A Hierarchy of Athletic Performance for Artistic Gymnastics

TECHNIQUE Aug ust 1993

Examples of Level 4 "skill components" may be the glide portion of a glide kip, the hurdle before a roundoff, or the hand contact phase of a handspring vault. Although skill components may be selected somewha t arbitrarily, th eir purpose is to simplify the process of analyzing a skill to determine the ability requirements of the skill. The relationship that each level in the hierarchy has to another is as follows: when considering the characteristics of the performance (Levels 4 through 7), it may be stated that an element in any higher level "is composed of" the elements in a lower level (see above).

As strange as it may seem, the scientific literature in the areas of balance, kinesthesis, spacial orientation, coordination, and agility failed to establish any clear relationships between these "abil ities" and gymnastics performance. It is suffice to say that these variables are probably highly task specific and should fall under the category of "practice."

The reverse, however, is not true: skills are not composed of routines, etc.

Most gymnasts are selected for team positions based on the skills which they currently perform. Although skills testing provides good information on current performance ability, it is a relatively poor indicator of future performance capacity. Without a doubt, the best indices of "future ability" are the more stable characteristics of motor abilities and body structure.

When considering the characteristics of the performer, it may be stated that the elements in a higher level "are influenced by" the elements in a lower level. For example, performance abilities (Level 3) are influenced by the nature of an individual's morphology (Levels 1 and 2). It may also be stated that the ease or difficulty that a gymnast experiences in performing skills, routines, etc. is influenced by his or her abilities and kin anthropometric characteristics. As a final comment, variables in a lower category are more stable (less subject to change) than variables in a higher category. For example, routines and combinations are eaSily altered by the coach or gymnast, whereas motor abilities change slowly-over a period of months-and usually in response to training. Kinanthropometric characteristics are the most stable of all categories of variables.

Discussion Writers in the sports and physical education literature have alluded to the need for a consistent and parsimonious theoretical structure which may be used to translate knowledge into practice. This need is reflected in the following quote by Frederick (1979), "This kind of theoretical work has been long neglected in our field but it gives promise of the discovery of new dimensions in gymnastics." (p. TS4) Much information may be gained from the process of collecting all (or most) of the applied scientific work performed in a certain area of interest and then "sifting" through and organizing it until a broader picture begins to emerge. In the present case, the broad picture includes many things, either on or beneath the surface, which must come together for a gymnast to excel in his or her sport. Some things, such as gymnastics routines and skills are obvious to the reader; other things, such as morphologic characteristics, are less obvious. Still other things, such as psychomotor abilities, are poorly understood in general and should perhaps be more carefully studied. But there are other dimensions to the model presented here which may not be obvious at a glance. For example, Levels 1 through 3 of the hierarchy outline the characteristics of the gymnast whereas Levels 5 through 7 depict the characteristics of the task to be performed. Level 4, which is located in the center of the model, contains elements of both the performer (joint location and muscular action) and the performance (skill), and therefore may be used to conduct ability-based task analyses of gymnastics skills. An ability-based task analysis can bridge the gap between biomechanics and the actual teaching process. In studies which use the techniques ofbiomechanics, the human performer is usually replaced, for the sake of accuracy and simplicity, by some mechanical model consisting of a series of line segments or geometric solids, and a center of mass. The problem, as this

writer has experienced in the past, is that this type 0 study is difficult for the teaching or coaching practitio ner to translate into meaningful teaching strategies in the gym. Ability-based task analyses place the performer back into the performance context by examining the ability requirements of specific skills and then allowing the coach to compare these requirements to the abilities of a particular student-gymnast. Besides providing a structure for conducting task analyses, the hierarchy of athletic performance and the taxonomy from which it was derived also outline for the gymnastics coach the physical characteristics which, according to the last 30 years of research, are important for successful high-level performance. This outline should help coaches and program directors to develop better criteria for athlete selection. Having visited literally dozens of gyms across this country and in other countries, this writer is convinced that most gymnasts are selected for team positions based on the skills (Level 5) which they currently perform. Although skills testing provides good information on current performance ability, it is a relatively poor indicator of future performance capacity. Without a doubt, the best indices of "future ability" are the more stable characteristics of motor abilities (Level 3) and body structure (Levels 1 and 2). The most far-reaching application of the hierarchy is . likely to be found in its ability to aid in the teaching c future teachers. Probably the most important piece o~ information that a prospective gymnastics teacher could receive is that skills are "made of" skill-specific abilities. For example, abilities such as abdominal strength (leg lifts and "L" hang), shoulder extension strength (straight arm lat pull), and shoulder flexion flexibility (back bends) are not merely important to the performance of a glide-kip, they are the very building blocks from which the glide-kip is made. The psychomotor research in this area is clear-mere skill repetition is only effective to a point. At some point, however, coaches should stop asking athletes to repeat skills which they cannot perform and begin practicing (1) drills based on skill components, and (2) exercises to develop the types of strength, flexibility and power which are unique to gymnastics. The prospective gymnastics teacher / coach will come to understand that to use the hierarchy as a top-down model is to approach gymnastics deductively-starting from a known entity (such as a compulsory routine) and then working to match the specific requirements of the task with the growing and developing ability profile of the athlete. The bottom-up, or inductive approach, is required for optional routine development, in which the specific abilities and morphologic characteristics of an individual gymnast (Levels 1 through 3) are emphasized to create a routine (Level 7) which ' unique to that particular athlete. The future instructors of gymnastics will learn that the model is also cyclical rather than linear in nature. Neither human abilities nor morphology are static. To Aug ust 1993 TECHNIQUE

Gymnastics Performance Theory ,ractice previously learned skills and routines is to iurther develop the abilities needed for yet more advanced skills and routines. The entire process of athletics, and indeed the greatest challenge for any coach, involves trying to "raise" an individual's skills to the level of his or her abilities. Once this is done (or approximated) the primary task is one of further developing the required motor abilities in order to increase the potential for future skill learning. The hierarchy of athletic performance presented in this paper and the taxonomy from which it is derived are far from completed. The need to adhere to rigorous standards of qualitative investigation has limited the present findings to the areas in the scientific literature which are well-developed and thoroughly researched. The model sheds no light, for example, on the affective aspects of the a thletic development process; nor does it address social or economic variables, student attrition, team cohesion, or interpersonal dynamics. The present model does allow us to be systematic in our thinking and our actions, however. It affords us the opportunity to agree upon a common foundation (based upon a common language) from which to build for the future . Carter (1985) stated that biomechanics is the cornerstone for an understanding of human movement. If this is so, then a hierarchy which translates the language of biomechanics into human morphology ,nd abilities may provide a foundation for the profes-

sionals in our field to better communicate key concepts with one another, and for our teachers and coaches to better communicate training strategies to our athletes.

References Carter, J. E. L. (1985). Morphological factors limiting human performance. In D. H.Clarke& H. M. Eckert {Eds.),Limils of Hilma II Performallce: Americall Academy of Physical Edllcalioll Papers (pp. 106-117). Champaign, II: Human Kinetics Publishers. Cratty, B.). (1 966). A three-level theory of perceptual-motor behavior. Qllesl, 6: 3-10.

Fleishman, E. A. (1964). The Slrll cl llre alld Measllremelll of Physical Filliess. Englewood Cliffs, N ): Prentice Hall. Frederick, A. B. (1979). Towards a syntheSiS of gymnastics. Jll temaliolwl Gymllasl, (Technical Supplement) 21: TS2-TS5. Henry, F. M. & Rogers, D. E. (1960). Increased response latency for complica ted movements and a "memory drum" theory of neuromotor reaction. Research Qllarterly, 31: 448-458. Kirby, R. L. , Simms, F. C, Symington, V. )., & Garner, ). B. (1981). Flexibility and musculoskeletal symptomology in female gymnasts and age-matched controls. Americall /ollnwl of Spar Is Medicille, 9: 160-164. Landa, ). (1974). Shoulder muscle acti vity during selected skills on the uneven parallel bars. Research Qllarlerly, 45: 120-127. Leggett, D. A. (1971). Neuromuscu lar patterning of skilled gymnasts. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Miller, E. E. (1972). The d evelopment of a response taxonomy. In R. N. Singer (Ed.), Readillgs ill Molar Leam illg (pp. 41-45). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. Pou lton, E. C (1957). On prediction of skilled movements. Psychological Bllllelill, 54: 467-478. Rudd, W. S. (1991). A taxonomy of athletic performance for women's artistic gymnastics. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, 1l1inoisState University, Norma l. Sage, G. H. (1977). Jllirodilclioll 10 Motor Behavior: A Nellropsychological Approach (2nd ed .). Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Schmidt, R. A. (1982). Molar COlilrol alld Leamillg. Champaign, II: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. Weber, R. P. (1985). Basic COli leli 1 Alwlysis. Beverly Hills, Ca: Sage Publications.

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Nutrition

CELEBRATION OF HEALTHY SPORT oon after becoming Vice-chair for women last November, an agenda of topics was created relating to women's gymnastics. At the top of the list was proper nutrition and eating disorders. Fortunately, there was already an effort within the organization to take a more aggressive approach toward these topics.

The following is a list of a few of those steps: 1. The creation of an advisory board consisting of professionals in the fields of medicine, nutrition, sport psychology, along w ith former gymnasts who can pool their expertise and perspective to offer guidance and direction to administrators, coaches, athletes and parents.

Nancy Marshall USA Gymnastics Vice-Chair for Women

2. Production of a video, including testimonies of former athletes who have survived eating disorders, describing struggles and victories in this area. This video will be used to educate those adults in our sport who interact with young athletes. 3. Nutritional counseling at national team meetings and clinics. 4. Psychiatric counseling made available to all senior and junior national team members, parents and coaches who are struggling in this area. 5. A cookbook written by former Olympian, now registered dietitian, Michelle Dusserre. This resource will be filled with nutrition tips, personal advice from former athletes and recipes including nutritional analysis.

ships uneven bars event finalist (fourth in 1989). She is currently receiving medical treatment for an eating disorder and is in need of financial assistance to pay treatment expenses. The following are a few of the ways USA Gymnastics has assisted with this effort. 1. Funding for Kim Zmeskal to present a clinic to local Missouri gymnasts in August, the proceeds of which will go to Christy. 2. Funding for me to be available that same weekend to share with parents, my testimony as a former Olympic athlete and key principles for maintaining proper balance in our children's pursuit of excellence. 3. Funding for the expenses related to bringing in a keynote speaker for a fund raising banquet. 4. Produced a video of Christy for Mid USA Gymnastics and local Fund Raising efforts. 5. Donation of USA Gymnastics merchandise for use in raffles and door prizes. 6. Report on the clinic in USA Gymnastics. Anyone interested in contributing to the fund can send donations to: United Missouri Bank, Mid USA Gymnastics, Benefit of Christy Henrich, 3500 South Outer Road, Blue Springs, MO 64015. (Make checks payable to Mid USA Gymnastics Benefit of Christy Henrich.) ...._ _ _ _ _- - - - -..._ .....

6. Continued articles in USA Gymnastics magazine and Technique journal as an ongoing commitment to educate our membership about proper nutrition and eating disorders.

In addition, USA Gymnastics assisted Mid USA Gymnastics in a "Celebration of Healthy Sport" weekend, held August 13-15 in Independence, Mo. The weekend was designed to provide healthy role models and valuable information to young athletes, coaches and parents involved in any competitive arena. Seminars and clinics offered healthy perspectives on the pursuit of excellence. The proceeds of the activities were donated to the "Christy Henrich Fund." Christy is a former USA Gymnastics National Team member (1986-1991) and World Champion-

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Technique

STAND have written many articles regarding drill and training for the handstand-I doubt whether this is my last! The handstand is vitally important as it is the basis of many elements such as the roundoff, the handspring, cartwheels and walkovers. If your gymnasts learn it correctly, these other skills are more likely to be correct.

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Notes and illustrations by Meg Warren Editor of the Association of British Gymnastics Coaches

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Newsletter

Learn to fall off balance. With a partner ...

stop here for correct handstand

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/7"'\'1 correct for forward walkovers, but not for handstand

\::-

Now learn to push off the fron t leg.

Once the gymnast is confident, get them to handstand against the wall-pushing the feet upwards. The gymnast may want to do this with a partner first.

J TECHNIQUE August 1993

This article is reprinted by permission from the Newslelter of the Association of British Gymnastics Coaches (ABGC), 2nd issue, 1993, 3-8. USA Gymnastics once again ex tends its thanks to Meg Warren, Ed itor, for her continued w illingness to share A BGC articles with the US. gymnastics coaching community.

Practicing handstands with the chest next to the wall is very good for d eveloping straight and strong handstands.

Copies of the following tests are FREE and can be ordered by calling the USA Gymnastics Coaching Education Coordinator: 1993 PDP Level II J.O. Compulsory TESTS Men Item#PDPIO $0 Women Item#PDP20 $0 RhythmiC Item#PDPJO $0 Use the order form on page 2 to order any of these publications. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Additional copies of the 1993 PDP lrvel llTechnique Guide TEST - Women

PuBLICATIONS

Coaching Coachillg YOllllg Atilletes (1981, Martens, paper, 200 pp) • This book introduces and explains the basics of coaching philosophy, sport psychology, teaching sport skills,sport phYS iology, sports medicine and parent management.

#13 518.00 Seqllelltial Gy"mastics 1/: Tile IlIstrllctor s Gllide (1992; Hacker et a i, 108 pp) • Used in conjunction w ith USA Gymnas tics PDP Level I Coach Accred itation, this book is designed specificall y for the gymnastics teacher to provide basic gymnastics ski ll progressions.

#3604 513.00 Rookie Coaches Gymllastics Gllide (1992, USG F/ ACEI', paper, 80 pp) • A combina tion of coachi ng advice and gymnastics information for th e entry- level gymnastics

coach. This book is one of the required texts for USA Gym nastics PDP Level I Coaching Accred itation. #3608 58.95

Competitive Men NEW 1993 Techlliqlle Gllide to Mell's Traillillg (1993. 3-hole punched, shrink wrapped with tabs · 144 pp • USGF Publications)#3634 $25.00 FIG Code of Poillts (1993-96, FIG, paper) • The official international competiti ve guideline book wi th skill diffi culty ratings. #1201 $39.95 IlIlIior Olympic Program - IOPC (1992, USA Gymnas tics, 3-ring binder, 130 pp) • Includes graded levels of compu lsory exercises as "veil as modified optionais. Competitions are cond ucted at the local, state, regional, and national levels.

#1202 $29.95 Olympic Developmellt Progralll- 001' (1992, USA Gymnastics, paper, 41 pp) • This skills testing program is designed to identify tal ented and promising gy mnasts as well as for the

education and training of the coaches.

#60

$7.50

Competitive Rhythmic FIG Code of Poillts (1992-96, FIG, binder, 213pp) • The officia l interna tional compe titi ve guid eline book with ski ll difficulty #1301 $39.95 ratin gs.

Competitive Women NEW

1993 TecJlIIiqlleGuiae to Womell's Trn ill ;llg (1993 • 3-hole punched, shrink wrapped w ith tabs· 190 pp. USGF Publications) #3633 525.00 Elemwt SlIpplemwt (W.P., 3-hole punched, 52 pp) • Additional vau lts and e le ments (including illustrations and d escrip-

tions) for vaul ts and elements not listed in the Code of Poillts. The WTC has assigned va lues for use at j.O. level. This item is ready for insertion in the new Codes. #1116 $10.00 J.O. Techllical Halldbook - for Illdges alld Coaches (W.P., paper, 98 pp) • The technical rules and regulations for the j.O. program . This manual follows the Code of Poillts format and includes all the changes a nd adaptations of the Code for the J.O. level. Text is comp lete w ith exa mp les of bonus, e tc. #111 7 515.00 Score Sheet Tablet for FIG optiO/lOls (W.P., paper, 200 sheets) • A ringed tablet of score sheets for optional judging. Same as practice sheets used at the judges' courses. #1 118 55.00 Compll/sory Text (1992-96, USA Gymnastics, 3-ring binder, 203 pp). USGF ju nior Olympic Compulsory Program, Levels 14,5-7 and 10. USGF Pro-member price: #1 11 1 524.95 on-member price: #1 110 529.95 FIG Code of Poillts (1993-96, FIG, binder, 226 pp) • The official international competitive g uideline book wi th skill difficu lty ratings. #1101 $39.95

Elementary & Preschool Make the Team: GYlllllastics for Girls (1991, Whitlock, paper, 127 pp, Sports Illustrated fo r Kids: Little, Brown and Co.) • Designed for you ng girls ex pressing interest in gy mnastics, this book includes tips, advice, il lu strations, and more to he lp th em ge t star ted in a sport tha t is grea t fun and g rea t exercise.

#3630 55.95 Desigllillg Prescilool Movem""t Programs (]992, Sanders, paper, 152 pp) • Both a detailed guide for developing a preschool / movement curr iculum and a resource containing develop-

mentally approp riate movement ac ti vities.#3626 $16.00 Developmelltal GYlllllastics (1990, O'Quinn, paper, 218 pp) • Gymnas tics movement education program for kindergarden

th ro ugh 3rd grade. #3605 $19.95 Fitlless FilII: 85 Gallles alld Activities for ChildrclI (1992; Foster, Hartinger & Smith; paper; 112 pp) • Provides children w ith unique and enjoyable activi ti es that consider muscu lar strength , muscular endu rance, fleXibili ty, and ca rdiorespira-

tory fitness. Grea t fo r K-8. #3601 $12.00 Great Gallles for YOllllg People (1991; Gustafson, Wolfe & King; paper; 152pp) • Contains60 field-tested games and relays for upper elementary through high school. Included: complete descript ions, game diagrams, suggestions for rnodificatio ns,

equipment needed, and sa fety tips.

#3623

512.00

Item #PDP21 $0 Additional copies of the 1993 PDP Level II Tec1l11iqlle Guide TEST - Men Item#PDPll $0 I Call Do Gy"mastics: Esselltial Skills for Begillllillg Gymllasts (]992, Hacker et ai, paper, 139) • This is th e stud ent version of Seqllell f;al Gym llastics II . Fully illus trated gym nastics moveme nt seque nces act iv ities: Learn to fall , Across the floor, Over the vau lt, On the beam,

Around the bars, RhythmiC skills. #3611 $13.00 Movemellt Activities for Early Childhood (1992, Totsky-Hammett, paper, 152 pp) • 100+ child-tested movement ac ti vities that make learning new skills fun for preschoolers. Four move-

ment areas: locomotor, ball-handling, gymnastics skills, and rhythmic activi ties. #3622 $15.00 Thelllm pRopePrilller (1 991,Soli s& Budris,spiral. 104pp) • Part I is an introduction to rope jumping; Part 11 con tain s over 175

illustrations of speCific skills; and Part III provid es an 8lesson unit from the basic 2-foot jump to Double Dutch. #3624 $15.00 The I IImp Rope Primer Video (]991, 1/2" VHS) • Video demonstrationsof a ll the jump rope techniques included in the book, making them easy to understand and teach.

#3625

549.95

Gymnastics I Call Do Gymllastics: Esselltial Skills for Illtermediate Gymllasts (1993, Hacker, et a l. paper, 179 pp, Masters Press) • The sequel to I Call Do Gy"mastics: Esselltial Skills for Begillller Gynl1lasfs. Intermedia te skill s for tumbling, vau lting, beam and low bar. The "Advanced Supplement" p rovides the instructor with suggestions for skill development on uneven bars, paralle l bars, rings, and pommel horse as well as mo re adva nced turnbling skills. Grea t for recreation classes! #3600 $14.95 Artistic Gymllostics: A Comprehensive Guide to Pelforming alld

Teachillg Skills for Begillllers alld Advallced Begil",ers (1991, Turoff, paper, 413 pp) • All of the skills covered in this text are A-level or easier. Each sk ill is presented w ith a description of how it should be performed, a short list of common proble ms, and teaching suggesti ons. Covers men's and wo me n's

events. #50 $21.95 Creatillg Gymllastics Pyramids alld Balallces (1989, Fodero & Furblur, spiral. 120 pp) • Pyramid building is safe and fun with the thorough instructions and guidelines found in this guide. Chobse from 268 carefull y illustratt:'d and explained

for mations. #3614 $18.00 Dallce Workoll t: 1-5 (1992, USA Gymnastics, spiral, 46 pp) • Education'al program designed specifically for the developmental gymnas t. The en tire program is also ava ilable o n Yz" VHS. . #2170 $15.00 Dallce Traillillg for Gy"",astics (]988, Pica, cloth, 160 pp) • For gym nasts, coaches and dance instruc tors. Purpose: to define

the role of dance in gym nastics. #3629 $24.00 Gymllastics: A Gllide for Parellts alld Atilletes (]992, Feeney, paper, 171 pp) - An excellent book for beginners as well as experienced gy mnasts. Contains information to guide pa ren ts and at hletes in choosing a gyrnnasti cs program that will best suit the ir needs. Provides pertine nt informatio n o n

safety, cond itioning, and the guid lines of the sport. #3612 $15.00

Health/Fitness Fitlless Leaders Halldbook (1989, Franks & Howley, paper, 276 pp) • For exercise leaders wit h li ttle forma l training but w ho

are responsible for leading safe and effecti ve fitness classes. Includes: evaluation, practical competencies, forms, helpful hints, inju ry prevention strategies, and much more.

#3619 $19.00 Marketillg Health/Fitlless Services (1989, Gerson, cloth, 136 pp) • A rnarketing guide showing how to e nhance the busin ess side of an opera tion and achieve optima l profi t w ith minimal fina ncial risk. It takes the readers step-by-step through writ-

ing and implementing a marketi ng / business p lan. #3616 $21.00 Ropics: The Next IlImp FOl1vard ill Fitll ess (1 992, paper, 168 pp) • A great fitn ess program for all. Includ es 34 basic to adva nced rope techniques and variations. #3621 512.95 Selliors all the Move (]986, Rikkers, spira l, 256 pp) • Selected exercises and hea lth / fitness progra m for seniors.

#3620

$26.00

Nutrition Helpillg Athletes with Eatillg Disorders (1993, Thompson and Sherman, cloth, 208 pp, Human Kinetics) • This practica l g Uide explains how sports medicine specia lis ts, sport psychologists, sports nutritionists, and coaches ca n identify, manage, and prevent the three major eating disorders in ath letes: anorexia ne rvosa, bulimia ne rvosa, and eatin g dis·

Sport (General) loy alld Sadlless ill Childrw's Sports (1978, Martens, paper, 376 pp) • 36 articles based upon pertinence, succinctness & quality of writing. The book emphasizes the joy of sports, but also examines those events that crea te sadness.

#15

$19.95

Posters Bill of Rights for YOllllg Athletes (1984, AA HPERD) • Lists 12 important rights of athletes. #3603 $5.00 Safety Poster #1: Safety Gllidelilles (USA Gymnastics) #6101 $5.00 Safety Poster #2: Respollsibilities of the Gy"",ast (USA Gymnastics) #6102 $5.00 Safety Poster #3: Mat Safety (USA Gym nas tics) #6103 $5.00 Safety Poster #4: Safety First! (USA Gym nas tics) #6104 $5.00

Sport Psychology Advallces ill Sport Psychology (] 992, Willis & Campbell, cloth, 272 pp) • Text providing broad coverage of resea rch, theory and practica l applica tions in exercise psychology. Rea l-life scenarios help readers understand how to apply theoretical models and research in the fitness setting. #3617 542.00 III Pllrsllit of Excellellce: How to Will ill Sport alld Life Throllgh Melltal Traillillg (1990, Orlick, paper, 208 pp) • Text covering basic sport psychology techniques of concentration, winning, lOSing, and competing successfully. #14 $14.95 Milldset for Willllillg (Curtis) • This coaching system is designed to Improve the men tal prepa ration of athletes. It is an en tire mental traini ng program wh ich includes: coaching manual;

at hlete's log; cassette, and VHS tape

#3606

$69.95

Sport Science Ergogellic Aids ill Sport (1983, Williams, cloth, 386 pp) • Theaids are grouped into 5 categories: nutritional, pharmacologica

physiologica l, psychologica l. a nd mechanical.#19 $28.95 Livillg A,wtOIllY (1990, Donnelly, spiral. 231 pp) • Designed for physical educa tion teachers, coaches and / or trainers. Learn

about the human body in a manner that is applicable to the #16 $19.50 daily ac ti vi ties of your field. Physiology of Fitlless (1 990, Sharkey, paper, 432 pp) • An up-toda te guide to the prescription of exercise for health, fitness & performance. Thebook is divided int05 parts: aerobic fitness, muscular fitness, fitness & weight, control, fi tness & health, and fitn ess & lifestyle. #12 $17.95 Toward all Ullderstalldillg of HmllUlI Performallce (]980, Burke, paper, 311 pp) • Readings in exercise physiology for the #18 $21.00 coach and athlete.

Sports (General) Dare to Dream (1992, Daggett, cloth, 235 pp) • Tim Daggett's own accountofhis pursuit of a gymnastics dream. A positive, motivating a nd inspiring story. #3615 518.00 Portrait of all Athlete (1992, Durbin, paper, 88 pp) • This book emphasizes the id eals that make athletes successful in both sports and life. It features advice, motivation, and va lu es that help you ng people understand w hat athletics can mean to their future. #3627 $8.95

Strength/Conditioning T.o.P.'s Mallllal (Sands, paper, 30 pp) • Complete explana tion of the Wo men's Talent Opportunity Program. Includes full expla nations of physical abilities tests, ski ll tests, and all required forms. Illustrated. #1120 $10.00 MeII's 1993 COllditiollillg Program - (1993; Sands, et a l; paper, approx . 25 pp, USGF Publications) • A comprehensive conditioning plan designed for the d emands of men's gymnastics. The components of the plan includ e the Calis thenic

Strength Program, the Flexibility Program, and Injury Prevention Exercises. Period iza tion char ts and illustrations of all of the exercises a re incl uded. #3632 $6.00 Developmellt of theCollditiollillg Factors ill Elite Gymllastics (19R9, Hullner, paper, 51 pp) • This booklet was originally developed for the men's events, bu t also has broad applicability to

the women's events. #1212 $16.00 Tile Fifth Evellt - (1992; Sands, et al; paper, 42 pp) • A comprehensive conditioning plan designed for the demands !"vomen's gy mnas tics. The componen ts of the plan inclu

the Ca listhenic Strength Program, the Flexibility Program, and Injury Prevention Exercises. #3613 $12.50

ord er not otherwise specified. #3631 $25.00 Coaches Gllide to Nlltritioll alld Weight COlltrol (1990, Eisenman, paper, 192 pp) • A practical guide to sports nutrition which translates the sciences of phYSiology, biochemistry and nu tri -

IlIlIIpillg ill to Plyometrics (1992, Chu, paper, 88 pp) • How to

tion into easil y applied in format ion. Includes an exce llent

develop a safe p lyometric tra inin g program. Fea tures 90 fully

chap ter on the signs of eating disorders.

illustrated example plyomet ric exercises. #3618

#17

522.00

Strength/Power $12.95

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

· DELTA AlRUNES SPECIAL DISCOUNT • •

• • •

1993 GRESS USA GYMNASTICS THEFAa5

•

Delta Air Lines is offering special discounted meeting fares! To take advantage of these savings, travel Delta round-trip from anywhere within the U.s., Canada, Bermuda, Nassau, Sanjuan, St. Croix and St. Thomas to your meeting site. Delta and the Delta Connection carriers offer over 5000 flights daily serving 45 states, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Washington, D.C., and 57 international destinations. Delta has the best overall record for passenger satisfaction of any major U.S. airline.** To take advantage of Delta's quality service, convenient schedules and special fares, follow these steps: 1. Call, or have your travel agent call 1880-241-6760 from 8 am to 11 pm ESTdaily. 2. Refer to File Number: L0864

• CONGRESS CHILD CARE

USA Gymnastics has identified A Caring Applicable restrictions must be met. Seats are • Heart, Georgia's oldest and most respected • limited. child care agency, to provide on-site care for "Based on conSlllller cOlllplaillt statistics colllpiled by the Atlanta, Georgia • U .S. Departlllellt Of Trallsportatiol1 sillce 1971 . • children attending the 1993 Congress. CONGRESS DATES Their convention package includes serPre-Congress Sessions: September 8-9, 1993 vices such as: age-appropriate activities; toys Congress Sessions: September 9-12, 1993 • and other playtime equipment; and child- • adult ratios which guarantee quality superviCONGRESS HOTEL • sian. Atlanta Marriott Marquis The contact person is Delores Young, Pres i• dent of A Caring Heart, Inc. The address, • 265 Peachtree Ctr. Ave. phone and fax numbers are as follows: Atlanta, GA 30303 A Caring Heart, Inc_ 404-521-0000 2100 Roswell Road, Suite 2000 HOTEL RATES Marietta, GA 30062 Single/ double $ 99 404-425-2885 or 404-977-3600 Fax: 404-971-8168 $119 Triple/ quad Reservatioll ClIt-Ot! date is Allgllst 19, 1993. Payment for these services will be the com- • plete responsibility of the parents. The hours • GROUND TRANSPORTATION • and payment of services w ill depend on the Hotel Parking: $12/ day attendance. MART A (Metropolital1 Atlanta Rapid Transit Allthority): • USA Gymnastics will provide a meeting $1.25 one way from Hartsfield Airport to room at the Marriott Marquis for this service .• the station in Peachtree Center (which The meeting room will be divided into two cOllnects to the hotel via covered walkway) • areas-a nursery and a room set up theatre • style for movies and games for older children . • Official Car Rental Agency: If you register by September 3, there is a 10 Budget Rent a Car of Atlanta percent discount. Mastercard and Visa are . 1993 USA CONGRESS Contact: Melanie Parkins accepted. References are available by request. 404-530-3000 (call collect) • BE APART OF THE E XCITEMENT Atlanta Airport Shuttle: DO YOU HAVE SPEOAL NEEDS? • Learn innovative and tested You will receive a $2 discount coupon for Registered Congress participants who may • TRAINING TECHNIQUES from top round trip service upon registering for • need any special assistance, equipment, or coaches and former Olympians ... access capabilities should contact S. Whitlock Congress. R~(o:u:n:d;.:;tr~iP~~~~~iIl • Hear the latest in SPORTS SCIENCE shuttle is .. • by August 1, 1993 in order that we may have. advances from leading experts ... $12 with sufficient time to be of assistance. C.OR"~"" ers • See new GYMNASTICS PRODUCTS and discount l'ro\ess\ono\ Me",b the latest equipment... CHAMPION ENTERTAINMENT coupon. Early Registration One way On Thursday and Friday evenings, USA • • Enjoy the PERFORMANCES of the ~lelei~ed \lliol \0 lI.ug. \) from airport rhythmic athletes at the WORLD • Gymnastics Congress participan ts will have to hotel is $8 S\'15 TEAM TRIALS ... exclusive use of the Champions American Late Registration and the $2 • Sports Bar. If your looking for a place to dance • Gather with FRIENDS at the annual ~lelei~ed o\\el lI.ug. \) discount and have a good time after attending a full BANQUET... S\50 coupon will d ay of Congress sessions, we recommend • ers • Benefit by NETWORKING with other l\on_",e",b not apply. Champions. coaches, gym owners, program S1\0 Tasty food, special fun and games, videos, • administrators, and judges ... Fill out regiltrotion form on next poge. g iveaways and contests, and even KARAOKE! Join the fun .

HOSTOTY

TECHNIQUE August 1993

Presenters David Adlard Ken Allen Vladimir Artemov Dr. Dan Benardot Linda Beran Tammy Biggs Beau Biron Tom Burgdorf Bob Colarossi Robert Cowan Dr. Tom Crawford Dr. Joan Duda Marian Dykes Steve Elliott Terry Exner Candace Feinberg Jackie Fie Darla Franz Jolm Geddert Dr. Alan Goldberg Helena Greathouse Muriel Grossfeld Dr. Patty Hacker Cheryl Hamilton KelliHill Nora Hitzel Bill Hopkins Kathy Kelly TomKoll Patti Komara Roe Kreutzer Anna Liukine Donna Lopiano Karyn Lyon Connie Maloney Diane Massad Jennie McCarthy William McCarthy Dennis McIntyre Dr. Robert McKelvain Jeff Metzger Htdeo Mizoguchi Dave Moskovitz Dr. Larry Nassar Ellen Nyemcsik Paul O'Neill Billy Payne Gail Peeples Dr. James Rademaker Bill Roetzheirn Dr. William Sands Dr. Andrea Schmid Audrey Schweyer Kevin Scott Cindy Stone Jack Swarbrick, Esq. Gary Thibodeau Elaine Thompson Fred Turoff Mike West Whatizit? Steve Whitlock John Wojtczuk Catherine Yakhimovich Graciella Yanes Butch Zunich and others!

1993 USA GYMNASTICS Congress Meetings The following list includes all confirmed group meeting times received to date. Room assignments will be listed in the Congress Proceedings Book and posted in the Registration area at the hotel. Time Rm. size Wednesday, Sept. 8 8:30 am-9:00 pm 35 USGF/ ACEP Course I (LTS) Pt. 1 1:00-9:00 pm 35 RSG-National Judging Course 3:00-9:00 pm 50 USGF/ACEP Course II (SS) Pt. 1 4:00-11 :00 pm 16 W-JO.P.c.

Thursday, Sept. 9 W- EPC USGF/ ACEP Course I (LTS) Pt. 2 USGF/ACEP Course II (SS) Pt. 2 W-NACGC Speaker: Donna Lopiano RSG National Judging Course PDP Levell grandparent Course ACaring Heart (child-care) Safety Certification Course #1 W-Admin Board Committee M-PC W-Skill Evaluator's Examination W-USECA M-NACGC open meeting Welcome Party M-USECA Friday, Sept. 10 W-Admin Board Committee NHSGCA (Brinkworth) ACaring Heart (child-care) USA GYM MERCHANDISE set-up W-Region I Board Mtg. W-Region II Board Mtg. W-Region III Board Mtg. W-Region IV Board Mtg. W-Region VBoard Mtg.

20 35 50 75 35 100 100 16 15 100 150 75 400

16 50 16 16 16 16 16

8:00 am-12 noon 8:30 am-1 :30 pm 8:30 am-II :30 pm 9:00 am-1:00 pm 9:00 am-9:00 pm 9:00-11 :30 am 12:00-8:00 pm 5:00-10:00 pm 6:00-9:00 pm 6:00-9:00 pm 7:00-8:00 pm 7:00-10:00 pm 7:00-10:00 pm 8:00 pm-am ? 7:30-8:30 am 7:45-8:45 am 8:00 am-8:00 pm 1:00-7:00 pm 6:00-9:00 pm 6:00-9:00 pm 6:00-9:00 pm 6:00-9:00 pm 6:00-9:00 pm

Reserved Tables at the Banquet If you would like to reserve a table at the 1993 Congress Banquet, Allison Melangton will be available at the Registration Desk on Friday, September 10 fro m 11 :30 am to 1:30 pm ONLY. Reservations will NOT be accepted at any other time. To reserve a table, the payment will be $5- NOTE: YOU MUST HAVE A FULL TABLE OF 10 PEOPLE OR THE TABLE CANNOT BE RESERVED.

RESERV ATraNS WILL BE ACCEPTED ON A FlRST COME, FIRST SERVED BASIS. There will be open seating available. Not all tables will be reserved .

W·Region VI Board Mtg. W·Region VII Board Mtg. W-Region VIII Board Mtg. M-JOPC RSG-Nat. Team Coaches Mtg. USA GYM MERCHANDISE SALE USGF/ ACEP Course III (SS) Pt. 1 M-NACGC open meeting W-NACGC meeting Hospitality Party M-NGJA Saturday, Sept. 11 ACaring Heart (child-care) W-Region I Open Mtg. W-Region II Open Mtg. W-Region III Open Mtg. W-Region IV Open Mtg. W-Region VOpen Mtg. W-Region VI Open Mtg. W-Region VII Open Mtg. W-Region VIII Open Mtg. M-JBGCA Athletes Advisory Council Meeting Sunday, Sept. 12 Executive Committee W-Test Administrators Meeting USGF Nat. Safety Certifiers Mtg. RSG-Written Judging Test USGF/ACEP Course III (SS) Pt. 2 W-State Chairmen Workshop W-Meet Dir's Course & Exam W-Judging Levell 0 Written Exam W-Judging Level 8/9 Practical USGF Safety Certification Course #2 W-Judging Other written exams W-Judging Levell 0 Practical

6:00·9:00 pm 6:00·9:00 pm 6:00-9:00 pm 6:00-9:00 pm 7:00-8:30 pm 7:00-9:00 pm 7:00-10:00 pm 7:00-10:00 pm 7:00-10:00 pm 8:00 pm-am ?

16 16 16 20 20 50 75 60 400 60

8:00 am-8:00 pm 4:00-6:00 pm 4:00-6:00 pm 4:00-6:00 pm 4:00-6:00 pm 4:00-6:00 pm 4:00-6:00 pm 4:00-6:00 pm 4:00-6:00 pm ?

100 35 100 35 100 35 150 150 35 10 15 35 75 35 50 35 100 75 75 100 75 75

8:00 am-1 :00 pm 8:30-10:00 am 8:30-10:30 am 9:00 am-II :00 am 9:00 am-3:00 pm 9:00 am-3:30 pm 9:30 am-II :30 am 10:00-11 :30 am 10:00-11 :30 am 10:30 am-2:30 pm 11 :30-1 :00 pm 11 :30-1:00 pm

Champion Entertainment Thursday evening will be hosted by the Women's Program state and regional Chairs. Friday evening will be hosted by the United States Gymnastics Suppliers Association.

Congress Presenters The greatest assembly of gymnastics experience will come together in Atlanta for YOU! Coaches, educators, business leaders, program administrators, judges an sport scientists are read y to share their knowledge and expertise. The 1993 Congress Presenters are listed in the far left column.

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

• I

SEPTEMBER

9-12,1993

•

ATLANTA,

GEORGIA

CONGRESS COSTS Fee includes:

1993 GRESS USA GYMNASTICS

• 1 Credential for entrance to regular Congress sessions, master clinics, and demonstrations on Thursday afternoon through Saturday. And .. .

1993 PRE-REGISTRATION FORM Complete one form per person-please photocop1J form for additional registrations. Name ___________________________________________________ Social Security No. ___________________________________________ USGF Pro # _______________________

Exp. Date _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Mailing Address ___________________________________________ City _______________________

State _______

Zip _ _ _ _ __

Name of Club Program _______________________________________ DayPhone _________________

Night Phone ___________________

Check (.I) appropriate: Program: Title:

0 0

Men's Program

Club Owner

0 Coach

Women's Program 0

Administrator

Rhythmic Program

Judge

Minimum age for Congress registration is 16 years.

PAYMENT

• 1 Ticket to the annual USGF Banquet. (Additional Banquet tickets for spouses / guests are $40 each-available at registration.) • 1 Ticket to the Rhythmic World Team Trials (Additional tickets will be available on site.)

Note: You must register separately for the PDP Coaching Accreditation courses, Safety Certification course/exam, Skill Evaluators exam, etc. Forms will be available beginning with the June issue of Technique magazine.

CANCELlATIONS:

Make check/ money order payable to: USA Gymnastics Amount Enclosed $_ _ _ _ _- - 1 L..I

Charge to: 0 Visa

• Free entrance to the Exhibit Hall featuring the industry's finest products. (Additional day passes into the Exhibit Hall are $5.00 each.)

0 MasterCard

Card No. ___________________________ Exp. Date __________ Signature ( r eq ll ired) ____________________

. II • GYMNASTICS

~I-~ · Please return this registration fo rm to: USA Gymnastics Cong ress Pan America n Plaza, Suite 300 201 S. Ca pitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225

Registration is non-refundable after August 15, 1993 NO EXCEPTIONS No Pre-registrations after August 20, 1993 After August 20, you must register "on-site."

T893

TECHNIQUE August 1993

TENTATIVE 1993

CONGRESS ScHEDULE Revised 6/15/93 9/8 7:30 am-9:00 pm Congress Registration Booth open Wed. 8:30 am-9:00 pm USGF/ ACEP Sport Science 13.s-hr. LTS Course, Part 1 3:00 pm-9:00 pm USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 1, Part 1 9/9 Th.

USA GYMNASTICS

This is a tentative schedule and subject to changes and revisions. The finalized Congress Schedule will be included in the Congress Program Book.

7:00 am-9:00 pm 8:30 am-ll :30 am 8:30 am-I :30 pm 9:00 am-II :30 am 12:00 noon-6:00 pm SESSIONS: 12:30 pm-I:45 pm 2:00 pm-3:15 pm 3:30 pm-4:45 pm 5:00 pm-6:I5 pm

Congress Registration Booth open USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 1, Part 2 USGF / ACEP Sport Science 13.5-hr. LTS Course, Part 2 PDP Level I Grandparent Course Exhibit Hall open - 'NOTE: "P]" below refers to Practice Judge session. WOMEN ).O. CompBB )r.Nat.Testing Elite Vaulting RO Vaulting

IUDGESa路Q,

MEN

Rh~thmiIiOth~

f..S.lEll

New Code (PJ)' ).0. Overview ).0. Protocol V&UB(PJ)

Basic skills ).0. Update Program update Landings

Intro L 1-4 ).0. Update Gymnaestrada RSG Pro-Mtg.

lean Do!

rO. Overview PSLessons

Style/text

QIHER TBD Computers MktingTech. Delphi

5:00 pm-9:00 pm USGF Safety Certification Course and Exam 6:00 pm-IO:OO pm Special Group meeting and certifications 8:00 pm-? Welcome Party hosted by Women's Prog. St. and Reg. Chairs & Reg. VIII - Champions Bar 9110 Fri.

7:00 am-9:00 am Special Group meetings 7:00 am-9:00 pm Congress Registration Booth open 11 :00 am- 7:00 pm Exhibit Hall open 8:45 am- 9:45 am 10:00 am-I1:15 am 11:30 am-I2:3O pm 12:30 pm-2:00 pm 2:00 pm-3:I5 pm 3:30 pm-4:45 pm 5:00 pm-6:I5 pm

Elite Bars UBOpt.Skills UB Skills/ drills

Can We Talk?

TOPs Conditioning FlGUpdate

EliteFX EliteBB Pro-shop

Conditioning BB (PJ)

ODPupdate RSG/FIG Update Pommel horse JOTraining Mens ConditiOning Preparation Vaulting FX/TU 1997 Code

Motivation JOElite (PJ) Technique

Warm-ups Promote Clubs Teaching 2 yr olds Inner Strength Sleep Disorders Trampoline New Ideas! PS Programs PSSession

Quality Mgt. Legal Issues Nutrition

6:00 pm-1O:00 pm Special Group meetings 7:00 pm-1O:00 pm USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 2, Part 1 8:00 pm-? Attitude Adjustment - Champions Bar, hosted by U.s. Gymnastics Suppliers Association 7:00 am-9:00 am Special Group meetings 9111 Sat. 7:30 am-I2:30 pm Congress Registration Booth open 10:00 am-3:00 pm Exhibit Hall open - Sport Science Symposium 8:45 am-IO:OO am 10:15 am-ll:30 am 11:30 am-I:OO pm 1:00 pm-2:15 pm 2:30 pm-3:45 pm 4:00 pm-5:I5 pm 5:30 pm-6:I5 pm 6:15 pm-7:15 pm 7:30 prri~9 :30 pm 9:30 pm-1:00 am 9/12 9:00 am-12:30 pm Sun. 9:00 am-3:00 pm 9:30 am-1:30 am 10:30 am-2:30 pm 1:00 pm-4:00 pm

Beam Basics Basic Skills 1-4

FX(PJ) Judge Tech.

Men's Training Parallel bars

Element Prog. Parents from Hell

Interm.TU Adv.TU

Elite Judging Elite Judging

Horiz. bar Rings

Stress Mgt. RSG Flexibility

PSBars Schl-age curro

Sport Science Sport Science

Communication Nutrition Coach/Counseling OlympicQ&A

Regional meetings Reception USA Gymnastics Awards Ceremony USA Gymnastics Banquet Dance Special Group meetings, Judges Certifications and Exams, and accreditations USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 2, Part 2 Meet Director's Course and Exam USGF Safety Certification Course and Exam USA Gymnastics Rhythmic World Team Trials

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

SEPTEMBER 9-12, 1993 •

ATLANTA, GEORGIA

Use this form to register for any of the 1993 USGF Congress tests, examinations, certifications, accreditations, etc., in which you plan to participate. PLEASE, one name per registration form. N ame ___________________________________________

~ --------------------------------

Address ___________________________________________________________________________________ City ___________________________________

State ________

Phone (day) ____________________________

Phune (night) _______________________________________

USGF pro # ___________________________________

Zip _____________

Expira tion Date ________

Check (-.J ) all appropriate "add-ons"

Promember

Nonmember

Safety Certification Courses-2 courses to choose from: 01. Thursday, 9/ 9, 5:00 pm-9:00 pm

$60

$75

$60

$75

$35

N/ A

02. Sunday, 9/ 12,10:30 am-2:30 pm Professional Development Program (PDP) Coaching Accreditation 01. Level I Grandparent Course Thursday, 9/ 9, 8:30 am-II :30 am

SubTOTAL

(Criteria: USGF Pro-membership, Safety Certifica tion, and submission of a resume indica ting minimum of 4 years of coaching /administrative experience. Course includes both books and video clinic review. )

2. USGF / ACEP Sport Science Courses-2 courses to choose from. NOTE: Course enroll ment is limited to 50 per course. First come, first served basis. You MUST pre-register fo r these courses.

NO ON-SITEREGISTRATION.

o A.

Part I: Wednesday, 9/ 8, 3:00 pm-9:00 pm Part II: Thursday, 9/ 9, 9:00 am-II :30 am

$60

$75

o B.

Part I: Friday, 9/ 10, 6:30 pm-9:00 pm Part II: Sunday, 9/12, 9:00 am-3:00 pm

$60

$75

03. ACEP Sport Science LTS- This ··Instr.uctor"s"' course is 13.5 hou rs in du rati on . NOTE: Course enro llmen t is li m ited to 35. First come, first served bas is. You MUST pre- register

for this course. NO ON-SITE REGISTRATION. ,

USA GYMNASTICS

Part I: Wednesday, 9/ 8, 8:30 am-9:00 pm Part II: Thursday, 9/ 9, 8:30 am-ll :30 pm

$175

N/ A

(Criteria: USGF Pro-membership, Safety Certification, and submission of a resume indicating minimum of 4 years of coa ching/ administrative experience.)

Women's Program examinations: 01. Level 1-4 Skill Evaluator's Examination Thursday, 9/ 9, 7:00 pm-8:00 pm

$15

02. Meet Director's Course and Exam Sunday, 9/ 12, 9:30 am-ll:30 am

$10

Congress Registrants

Non-Congress Registrants

$40

$60

$15

$30

$15

$30

$15

$30

Rhythmic Program 01. Rhythmic National Level Judges' Certification Course Wednesday, 9/ 8, 1:00 pm-9:00 pm Thursday, 9/ 9, 9:00 am-9:00 pm Sunday, 9/ 12, 9:00 am-II :00 am (written test)

, . ~.

Registration is non-refundable after August 15, 1993 -No Exceptions No pre-registrations after August 20,1993.

There is no fee for eighth cycle nationall y certi fied judges who are registered for Congress.

02. LevelS Judges' Certification Course Thursday, 9/ 9, 9:00 am-12:00 noon 03. Level 6 Judges' Certification Course Thursday, 9/ 9, 9:00 am-12:00 noon 0 4. Level 7/ 8 Judges' Certification Course Thursday, 9/ 9, 9:00 am-l:00 pm Sunday, 9/ 12, 9:00 am-ll:00 am (written test for 5, 6,7/8)

,. ~ '~

Total amount enclosed _______________ Make check / money order payable to: USA Gymnastics 0 MasterCard Card No. _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

o VISA

Exp. Date T893

Signature _______________________________________________

Please return this registration form to: USA Gymnastics Congress, Pan American Plaza Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46225

lRAINING FOR UNEVENBARS This is the third article from the Tamara and Victor Ya tchenko lectures gi ven in Jan uary, 1992, a t the ABGA Coaches Training Seminar in Great Britain. The presentation included many useful drills and innovative progressions for basic and advanced uneven bars skills.

~------------------~

shape. Repeat twice.

Warm-up For warm-up the gymnasts did six or seven casts with Victor assisting. If the gJjmnasts were good enough, the last one was taken to ha ndstand. If they were better still, four or five were taken to ha ndstand or one to horizontal and the next to handstand. Attention was given to correct body shape. Tohis was repeated. )

Notes and illustrations by Meg Warren Editor of the Association of British Gymnastics Coaches

Newsletter

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After the first handstand, the gymnasts then swung down into another glide kip-ready for the cast to handstand. This drill was repeated three or four

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Victor spotted this drill by bending down and taking his near arm under the bar to reach for the gJjmnast's arm. His second hand was placed on the gymnast's thigh. As the gJjmnast swung through, he moved his first hand to support the gJjmnast's

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One of the gymnasts was not ready for the above drill-so, Victor had her do a cast, backward hip circle maintaining a "dish " shape all of the way around, Then , from this shape, she developed the drill into a short clear hip circle to handstand with Victor assisting, ~

Glide-kip, cast to handstand Victor assisted with this drill.

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Glide kip cast to handstand, short clear kip circle to handstand, If necessary, Victor would stop the gJjll1nasts in handstand to correct body II

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Drop to clear hip circle This drill was done to finish in a "dished" position away from the bar,

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Backaway Victor had the gJjmnasts swing several times, and then release to fall to their backs on a stack of skill cushions.

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August 1993 TECHNIQUE

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Uneven Bars SPOTTING: Victor held the gtjmnast's thigh and upper arm while standing on a spotting block. B.

swing(s) to a release to a landing on the back.

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The next drill was done with the mats positioned so that the landing area was safe-stacked skill cushions. The gtjlnnasts performed two or three "bea t swings" and then released, still su pporting ...

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The next drill was similar to the above, but involved the gtjlnnasts rotating in somersault with Victor supporting each gtjlnnast in the waist

area.

Gienger training drills One gtjmnast worked on the backaway to overrota te to finish in a back landing. Victor then took her through the Gienger which was a stra ight backaway with 1;1 turn. During the somersault, the gymnast showed a strong ann flair. (The Gienger was very straight!)

Drills for learning Tkatchev, Frontaway and Undershoot-front action The gtjll1nasts practiced counterswings to counter-action forwards to front lying on a stack of skill cushions.

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Victor then had the gymnasts swing and drop to their backs onto the stacked skill cushions .

Next, the gtjmnasts swung and rotated through somersault to a front landing on the skill cushions with the 0( arms forward.

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Finally, the gymnasts executed II cast from the HB (with mat over LB). This was accomplished from one (or two)

TECHNIQUE August 1993

With some of the gtjmnasts, Victor just had them swing/swing to somersault to front landing position. Depending on each gymnast's ability and experience levels, the backaway was done to front landing, to stand or to a landing on the back. Victor had one of the gymnasts do a tucked position backaway-this was 1 112 to back. To prevent some of the gtjmnasts from throwing their heads backward, Victor had them hold a piece of foam under their chins.

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The next drill demonstrated was a front saito from a counter-swing action.

The gymnasts landed on their backs with Victor spotting.

Victor then had the gymnasts swing through to a lifted hollow shape ("dish") with assistance (spotting). LB

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The above drill progressed to having the gymnasts swing between the bars several times to a front landing o~ the skill cushions.

The final figure shows the emphasized shou lder action on the swing between the bars. C.

NOTE : the gtjlnnast must show a strong action before the reLease. Training for Uneven Bars

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SPOTTING: Victor spotted this with one hand on the stomach and one on the back. He followed them through to the front-drop landing.

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The above drill was repeated, but with even stronger action to have the gtjmnasts arrive in a straddle sit position on the skill cushions.

For the next drill, Victor took the gtjmnasts to a single HB and had them swing forward to a high arched position.

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The finaL step in this drill series was to have the gtjlnnasts continue the salta rotation (3/4) to Land on their backs on the skill cushion stack. Drills for the Tkatchev Victor had the gtjmnasts walk through to show a hollow position as be/ow.

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The next drill was performed on the skill cushions. The gtjmnasts performed a backward roll to "Tkatchev action". Victor emphasized that the shoulder action must be venj strong.

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Next , Victor had the gtjmnasts execute "Front-aways" to land on the stomach from a swing facing the LB. (1/4 rotation onLy)

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Next , Victor had the gymnasts stop their feet, release the bar, and rotate forwards.

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August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Uneven Bars G.

This was followed by a swing to high arch, release and sit on the bar. (A second coach was used to push in rubber protection to cover the bar where the gtJmnast sits).

From the "dish " position, Victor emphasized the "pressing down " of the shoulders on the downswing.

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Run and swing forward

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Finally, the gtJmnasts performed the same drill to arrive in a standing position on the bar.

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After this, the gymnasts performed one or two swings to a position above the

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If the action was incorrect, Victor had the gymnasts counterswing to rotate forward to a landing on stacked skill cushions.

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Victor recommended reinforcing this with a backward roll to handstand position.

The swing between the bars must be correct . Victor showed how the coach can catch the gtjlnnast's ankles to achieve the desired arch swing through position

Finally, the gymnasts were to catch with legs together. The gymnasts did this in straddle position. SPOTTING: The coach needs to be careful of the wide legs!

8. A.

Training for giant swings First, attention was paid to the cast. The gymnasts were to cast with straight arms taking the shoulders backward.

TECHNIQUE August 1993

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This article is reprinted by permission from the Newsletter of the Association ofBritish Gymnastics Coaches (ABGC), 2nd issue, 1993, 3-8. USA Gymnastics once again extends its thanks to Meg Warren, Editor, for her continued willingness to share ABGC articles with the u.s. gymnastics coaching community.

)7 ;)

'IHE PREss RELEASE hen was the last time that you saw an article about your gymnastics club in the newspaper? Throughout the year several opportunities will arise that will allow you to obtain free publicity, by way of news articles about your club. Articles could be about an exceptional gymnast winning the all-around, staff accomplishments, team awards, or almost anything that you can make newsworthy to present to your local paper.

By Rik Feeney

You may have tried getting your paper to cover events you considered newsworthy only to have them turn you down. Perhaps there was another big sporting event going on, or a photographer was unavailable, or they simply put you off until the story was effectively over and no longer news. After giving the matter some thought, I believe that it is possible to get an article in the paper almost every time you submit one. The problem isn't that you don't have a good story, the fact is that there may not be anyone with the ability or the time to write it at your local paper. Consider these factors: 1. Almost anyone you talk to can tell you the

basics about major sports like baseball, football, basketball, and hockey. Looking at the sports section you can see these are the sports most often covered. A sport like gymnastics is so specialized that even its terminology is

An example ofa biography produced by USA Gymnastics,

difficult to understand for some of us who coach the sport. Many parents from your own club don't have a clue what their child is talking about when the child tells them of the new skill they learned in gymnastics class that day. It is my feeling that many sports writers are in

the same boat. They may not feel comfortable writing an article about a sport of which they have little or no knowledge. 2. There are several other sports activities for the paper to cover. In many instances an editor must focus his manpower on the sports that have the largest following (i.e. football, baseball, basketball). A sportswriter who has a number of articles to finish concerning the "major sports" may not have the time to write an article about your gymnastics program. A sportswriter may spend half the day attending sporting events like a football game in the afternoon, followed by a basketball game at night. The reporter must then collect scores and information from all the game~ he missed during the day, and then write up each for the following days' paper. This may leave little time to cover the gymnastics scene. The solution to this problem is to write the articles yourself. I know that as club owners and coaches we already wear a number of hats, however, publicity for your club is extremely important in keeping your enrollment at an optimum level. If you do not feel you have the time or the ability to write these articles, you can always find an interested parent or staff member who has a flair for writing to do the job.

The key element in putting together an article that a newspaper will publish is to find an angle that will interest the readers of the newspaper. Answer the question every newspaper editor asks, "What about this topic will be of interest to my readers?" and then fill the article with the who, what, when, where, why (and sometimes how) about the particular subject. Newspaper articles can be about a team gymnast who has won a state title, a team that is going across country to a big invitational, a staff member who has achieved an award or certification, an exhibition you have planned at a local event, anything that people in your area will find interesting. Once you have decided on a topic, write the stor: and type it on a piece of paper (8 Yz x 11), double spaced, with about a one inch margin all around the paper. Across the top of the page in bold letters should be the words "News Release." After a couple of spaces on the

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

name of a contact person. If there are any enclosures with the article be sure to note them on the bottom of the last page. Simply type, "Enclosures:" and then list what you have enclosed. Enclosures may include a black and white picture of your subject, tickets to an event, or background information. If at all possible, always include a picture with the article you are submitting. Pictures are attention getters and will draw people into an article they might have otherwise passed over. Some newspapers can print from color pictures, but for best results you should submit only black and white prints.

When submitting the picture be sure to list the names of the people in the picture from left to right (and back to front) so the paper can use this information as a caption under the picture. The best way to do this is to print the information on a piece of paper and then tape it to the back of the picture. Once you have prepared your article and any accompanying material (i.e. a picture) you can then write a cover letter to the editor of the paper. Be sure to find ou this / her name and spell it correctl y. Your chances of having the article used are much better when directing your mail to a specific person rather than a "To Whom It May Concern" letter.

The Press Kit If you really want to make an impression you can submit your article with a press kit. A press kit can be put together using any laminated folder (the brighter the color the better) which includes: a "Bio" or resume all about your subject, background information about the club, previous articles or reviews done on your program, a synopsis of all the awards your program has received, current brochures, and anything else that is pertinent to the article. The information should be on separate sheets of paper, each page clearly titled .

Whether you submit a press kit or not, always include as much background information about your club or gymnastics program as possible. TECHNIQUE August 1993

chance of a staff writer being embarrassed because of using incorrect terminology like "Jennifer Gymnast performed her bar routine flawlessly ending with a p erfect

Once you have finished writing the article you can place the symbols ### at the bottom of the page and the editor will know this is the end of the article .

cartwheel," or the editor having to find excuses why he can't send someone out when his staff is already overbooked. When your local newspaper editor receives this package the chances are quite high that he will publish the article. A few days after you have submitted an article, follow up by calling the editor to offer any assistance, if necessary, or at least to let them know that you are available to answer any questions. After the article is published, write a quick note of thanks to the editor or writers involved in getting your piece into the paper. The next time you submit an article, they will remember you in a favorable light. As Perry White used to say to Jimmy Olsen, "Great Caesar's Ghost! Don't just sit th ere . Go out and get a story together. " I look forward to reading about your club! 27

General Gymnastics

,USA GYMNAES'Il{Al)A SHOWCASE Dates:

October 8-10,1993

Site:

Lawrence Central High School Indianapolis, IN

Host:

USA Gymnastics

Saturday

Event Coordinator: Christine Ebert USA Gymnastics, Pan American Plaza Suite 300 201 S. Capitol, Indianapolis, IN 46225 (317) 237-5050

Sunday

Host Hotel(s): TBD - this information will be included in your next information packets. Participation Fee: Basic fee = $20 per participant. This includes: • Showcase T-shirt • Accreditation Card/Badge • Merchandise information • Right to participate in Club/Team Display • Entry into all event sessions Awards: The Gymnaestrada Showcase is NOT a competition, however, the Local Organizing Committee (LOC) will present some special "fun" awards. In addition, every credentialled participant will receive a Gymnaestrada Showcase T-shirt and some other sponsor giveaways. Credentials: All registered participants will receive a credential permitting entry to all Gymnaestrada Showcase events and activities. Concessions: Food and novelty concessions including a booth of USA Gymnastics Merchandise will be available during the Showcase. If your group or company is interested in booth space, please contact Christine Ebert. Ticket Sales: The LOC will sell tickets to the general public for the Saturday performances and the Sunday Gala performance. These will be $3.00 each. General Schedule: NOTE: This telltative schedllie is sllbject to chal1ge based l1umber of participatil1g groll ps. Friday

4:00-5:00 pm 5:00-6:00 pm

TECHNIQUE August 1993

IIpOll

Arrival and Check-in Opening Ceremonies Welcome and Orientation

the

6:00-9:00 pm 9:00-11 :00 pm

GG Workshop sessions Social Gathering

8:30-9:30 am 9:30-12:30 pm 12:30-2:00 pm 1:30-4:30 pm 4:30-6:00 pm 6:00-8:00 pm 8:00-10:00 pm

Opening Ceremonies Rd 1 of Group Performances Lunch Rd 2 of Group Performances Gala Showcase rehearsal Dinner Social Gathering

9:00-10:00 am 10:00-12:00 noon 12:00-1 :30 pm 1:30-2:00 pm 2:00-4:00 pm

Mass Display Training GG Workshop Sessions LUNCH Warm-up for Gala Showcase Gala Showcase Performance

Steve Whitlock Director of Educational Services and Safety

PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS 1. Performance areas-2 performance areas will be available: A. 42' x 42' Floor exercise mat (NOT a spring floor) This will have an open "fringe" area 10' wide surrounding the floor. B. 60' x 60' Open floor without mats (basketball floor) 2. Performance length (time)-Displays are to be a maximum of 15 minutes in duration. This includes entrances/ exits and the placement/ removal of any equipment.

Announcing 1ST

3. Number in group-Club teams consist of ten (10) or more participants and no less than ten (10) participants must be working at all times throughout the Display.

USA

GYMNAESTRADA SHOWCASE

4. Music-Each group must provide a cassette tape to the Local Organizing Committee (LOC) and an individual who can direct and assist the A V table personnel. 5. Equipment-The LOC will provide only the sound system and basic floor areas. All other equipment and props must be supplied by the Groups. (Remember that you will need to get all cif this on and off stage quickly!) In GG, "equipment" might include traditional artistic gymnastics or rhythmic equipment as well as non-traditional equipment, such as ladders, chairs, parachutes, bi- or unicycles, umbrellas. 6. Theme-While the LOC has not selected a particular theme for this 1st U.S. Gymnaestrada Showcase, we ARE looking forward to the selection of groups to attend th e FIG Gymnaestrada in Frankfurt, Germany in 1995. Since the U.s. has only had minor participation in previous Gymnaestrada events, the European community is extremely excited about our participation as a full-fledged delegation in 1995. They want to see what we have to offer! Therefore, we encourage you to consider American themes and American culture when choreographing your group's per-

formance. This doesn't mean that all of you should use Yankee Doodle Dandy or America the Beau tiful as your music selection! Think about how your group can uniquely identify some aspect of our diverse culture or your group's unique niche in our society that offers a high quality performance exemplifying Americana. 7. Staging-Prior to each group's performance, they will be provided with a 15 min. warm-up and a 15 minute staging just prior to their performance.

GYMNAESTRADA SHOWCASE GALA PERFORMANCE

1ST

• The Gala Performance will be conducted on Sunday afternoon and is open to the public. All registered groups are invited to participate in the Gala. In order to keep the Gala program within a 2 hour time-frame, the groups should be prepared for a five minute presentation. This can either be a five minute excerpt from the 15 minute presentation or a program that is specially choreographed for the Gala.

USA

GYMNAESTRADA

• In order to assist the LaC in pre-planning the order of the program, we ask that the USGF Office receive a videotape of each group's 15 minute and 5 minute programs no later than September 20th.

SHOWCASE

• All participating groups participate in the March-in. • Based upon the review of the videos sent to the USGF, some groups may be asked to provide a longer program for the Gala-this will be at the discretion of the Lac.

describe that aspect of gymnastics which is leisureoriented and offers a range of exercise programs essentially from the field of gymnastics with and without ~-----------------------I

I GYMNAESTRADA SHOWCASE INFORMATION FORM I 0 YES, weare interested in attending the 1993 GYllll1aestrada SllOwcasein Indianapolis in October, 1993. I 0 Please send the $5 videotape (total cost including postage) of former FIG World Gymnaestrada events and more information including Registration Forms, hotel information, etc. Enclosed please I find a check for $5 (payable to USA GYllll1ast ics) to cover the cost of the GYllll1aestrada videotape and I mailing. I Contact Name _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ I T,te '1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ I Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ I I City - - - - - - - - - - - State _ _ __ Zip _ _ _ _ _ __ Night _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ I Phone Oay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ I I Organization you represent: - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - I Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ I I City - - - - - - - - - - - - State _ _ __ Zip _ _ _ _ _ __ 30

The previous Gymnaestrada was held in Amsterdam in 1991 and the next Gymnaestrada will be conducted in Frankfurt, Germany in 1995. The FIG has given permission to the National Federations to use the term Gymnaestrada in association with their own national GG festivals. This and next year's Gymnaestrada will be used by USA Gymnastics to select the official U.S. delegation for participation in the FIG Gymnaestrada in Frankfurt, Germany in 1995.

WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF THE GYMNAESTRADA SHOWCASE? • To promote the value and diversity of gymnastics to both members and the wider public community. • To increase participation in gymnastics irrespective of age, gender or ability. • To provide an incentive and motivation for Recreational gymnasts to display their talents. • To provide the opportunity for all participants to share their knowledge, ideas and new developments in General Gymnastics. • To assist in the general and technical education of Coaches. • To be a "stepping stone" towards participation in a World Gymnaestrada.

WHAT IS GENERAL GYMNASTICS AND THE GYMNAESTRADA? General Gymnastics is the term used by the FIG to

L _______________________

apparatus. The GYI1111aestrada is the world event conducted every four years by the FIG where the nation ~ come together to celebrate General Gymnastics in ten fantastic days of gymnastics performances and exhibitions.

WHAT KINDS OF PERFORMANCES (EXHIBITIONS) ARE PERMISSIBLE? Almost anything! Large and small group displays. Artistic gymnastics, Educational Gymnastics, dance, Rhythmic, aerobics, calisthenic exercises, clown, and many other possibilities exist! Group participants may be male, female, or mixed groups of all ages-children to seniors. This can be a fantastic activity for many of your Club members who don't get the chance to travel and otherwise participate in USGF J.O. competitive programs. Participants don't need to be national or elite caliber to participate in this even t! We encourage you to involve everyone who attends the Gymnaestrada Showcase from your organization to be active performer / participants-not just the team kids, but the recreational program participants, the coaches and parents as well! The idea here is that everyone is a participant in the benefits of gymnastics. The slogan of FIG General Gymnastics is "Gymnastics for ALL! " Each group that responds using the Form below will receive a videotape compiled from former Gymnaestrada gatherings to give them an idea of the wide range of performance possibilities. (Cost for video + mailing is $5) Yes, we are interested! What should we do next? Don't procrastinate! Use the Form below to indicat your interest. The LaC will immediately mail the nee essary registration forms and other information. Start building enthusiasm with your group and working with your choreographer.

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

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5·28

USA GymnOlfiG Pholograph © Dove Bt.,k

veryone in the sport of artistic gymnastics-coaches, athletes, judges, and researchers-has responsibilities, and of these, safety, enjoyment, and improvement are three of the most important and universally shared. They extend from the individual to the global perspective.

James and Meg Stephenson Illustrations by James Stephenson

Improvement can be gauged by comparing what is performed today with what was done several years ago. Much of that improvement can be attributed to the creativity of those involved in gymnastics and their quest to be diverse and original. The Code of Points has been developed in an effort to bring uniformity and simplicity to officiating the sport, as well as to promote the proper use of each event's apparatus. But what is proper? Are there ways of using the equipment that have not yet been considered? Are there new skills or categories of skills yet to be discovered? Not long ago, the idea of crossing the straps while swinging on rings would have been perceived by some as ludicrous, a comical misuse of the apparatus. There are many examples of situations where some brave and creative individual took the initiative to attempt something new: round-off entry vaults, using the side or single bar of Il)en's parallel bars, men using leaps and aerials on floor, one-arm vaults, flair work and handstands on porrimel horse, orchestrated floor music, and side giant swings on horizontal bar, and so on.

This creativity is one of the most admirable contributions that can be made in the area of improvement. However, it would be a futile expression if there were not such a wonderful capacity in our sport for diversity, the promotion of creative thinking, and the ongoing quest for exploration into new and untapped areas. This open-minded tolerance is even more of an important quality than the individual contributions that it makes welcome. And in a sport that proclaims itself to be artistic, such an attitude is, by definition, required . Because of this, the elimination of prone landing tumbling skills from the new women's Code of Pain ts is a decision of great concern and ominous overtones. The rationale for the deletion of the prone landing skills has been that they are "too masculine," and that "they were overrated."It's baffling that a front flip to prone is "too masculine " when a straddle jump to prone (Shoushounova) is not. All of us are critics, and each of us could find different skills or choreography to be too somethingtoo cute, too abstract, too feminine, or too circus-like. But safety should be the only regulator, not personal artistic preference. When subject to such censorship,

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August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Commentary

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gymnastics is not advanced, but set back. The more restrictions and requirements put onto optional exercises and the fewer the skills from which we are allowed to choose, the less unique and diverse gymnastics becomes.

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TECHNIQUE August 1993

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At the NCAA women's coaches meeting on April 22, 1993, a decision was made to retain the prone landing skills for collegiate competition and to award them new and different values. The concept is simple and sensible. Each skill landed in a prone would go up one value from that of the same skill performed to the feet. For example, a front flip in the tuck position is rated an" A" in the new code; therefore, a front flip in the tuck position to prone would be rated a "B." A tucked backward full and a half twist to the feet is rated a "C"; the same skill to prone would be rated a "D." This proposal passed overwhelmingly and will be recommended for approval by the NCAA committee for the 1994 season. In art, there are no boundaries. That same liberty, that power to choose without inhibitions or restrictions, is what guarantees the continued creative growth of artistic gymnastics.

fewer the skills from which we are allowed to choose, the less unique and diverse gymnastics becomes.

DOES A Low FAT DIET EQUAL A LEANER

BoDY?

n this day and age of low fat, no fat, reduced fat and fake fat foods, you undoubtedly hear strong messages that if you eat fat, you will be stricken by not only heart disease and cancer, but also obesity. Hence, you may be restricting your fat intake, assuming that you will be healthier in the long run and leaner today.

Nancy Clark, MS, RD

Case in point, Paula, an alread y lean yet avid dietand-exerciser who came to me determined to lose those finals three pounds. Paula runs fi ve miles every day after work, either swims or lifts weights before work and bikes 40-50 miles on Sa turda ys. "I don' t eat any fatty foods; I have shredded wheat, skim milk and fru it at breakfast; a salad (no dressing), bagel and fruit at lunch; pasta and vegetables for dinner. I snack only on rice cakes, fruit and pretzels. I haven' t had junk like cookies or ice cream for two years. I just can' t understand why I haven' t lost weight..." Confusion abounds not only among athletes, but also among the researchers who have yet to come up with the definitive verdict as to whether or not you' ll lose weight by eliminating fat from your diet. The fo ll owing r esearc h reports include only a few that add to the confusion: • Whil e eating the same number of calories, normal weight women lost an average of 1 lb. of body fat w hen they ate a low fat diet (20 % fat) for four months, as compared to m ai nta inin g we ig ht o n four months of a 40% fa t diet (similar to the typical American diet). The news broke that if you eat less fat, you will lose body fat, but this study involved only 28 normal weight wom en. What about overweight women, people genetically predisposed to obesity, people on the occasional diet and / or yo-yo diet-

ers - would they respond the same? (JADA Jan 1989) • Women who ate a low (15-20%), moderate (30-35%) or high (45-50%) fat diet for two weeks each tended to eat 11 % fewer calories on the low fat diet and 15% more calories on the high fat diet as compared to the moderate fat diet. The conclusion: people tend to consume fewer calories if they eat low fa t foods. But these women were restricted to only 20 food items. Does a research environment reflect true food choices? (AmJ Clin Nutr 46:886, 1987) • Lean men w ho ate breakfasts that varied in fat (and calorie) content and then were monitored for the rest of the day compensated by eating thei r normal amount of calories. With these subjects, the low fat diet did not lead to a calorie deficit; they ate their required calories regardless of fat intake. Compared to women, are men better able to regulate their food intake? (Am er J Clin Nutr 56:84-92, 1992) Numerous other studies a dd to the co nfu s ion . Confound ing factors include: 1) the type of s ubj ec t sge n e tic a ll y h eavy people ma y differ from ge n e tica ll y lea n people in their ability to lose weight; men may lose weight more easily than women, 2) the eating environment a nd available food choices-the reality of day to d ay ea t-on-th e-run commonly differs from co trolled research labor" tories, 3) the duration of the stud y-most studies

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Nutrition Want Winning Nutrition Advice?

are short-term; what happens in the long run?, 4) the psychology of dieting-in the long run, does the denial of fat lead to bingeing? Thus, until The Definiti ve Stud y is accepted, I offer you my thoughts and suggestions based on my experience with sports-active clients who exist in the "real world." I've noticed that overweight people who cut fatty foods out of their diets tend to lose weight because they choose to eat fewer calories. That is, instead of having 700 calories of bacon and eggs for breakfast, they eat 400 calories of cereal and banana as part of a conscious effort to lose weight . In contrast, when genetically lean people (including athletes such as Paula who want to lose 3 pounds, but already are very lean) eat a low fat diet, they tend to eat more calories of carbohydrates to compensate for the reduced fat calories. (Paula ate her fill of calories in rice cakes, pretzels and other low fa t foods. No wonder she didn't lose weight!) I encourage my clients to consider the theory that weight control is based on a calorie budget, not only a fat budget. Fat loss occurs when you burn off more calories than you eat. That is, if you require 2,400 calories but eat only 2,000 calories, you will lose fat . The kind of calories may be of less consequence. That is, if you choose to spend 300 of your 2,000 calories on high fat peanut butter instead of bagels, you can still lose body fat. Fatty foods that fit into your calorie budget

TECHNIQUE August 1993

are not inherently fattening. You can appropriately eat 20-30% of your ca lories from fat (400-600 calories, 45-65 grams of fat). Within nutritional reason, you should spend your calories on the foods you want to eat. Otherwise, denial may lead to food binges. Note that if you have already eaten your 2,400 calories and then succumb to 300 calories of peanut butter, you will gain fat. Excess fat calories are fattening. Excess fa t calories are easily stored as fat and are more fattening than excess carbohydrate calories because your body has to work hard to convert excess carbohydrates into body fat. The good news is that the food industry is d eveloping many delicious new fake fat products that will help you control fat intake for health, if not weight, reasons. At a recent luncheon sponsored by the makers of Simplesse, I was pleasantly surprised by the great taste and texture of the fake-fat foods, especially the cheeses. (I'm eagerly awaiting the introduction of alfredo sauce for fettucini!) Despite the low fat nature of the luncheon, I easily ate more than 1,000 calories of these tasty foods . Caution: Low fat does not mean low calorie nor weight reduction ... 1

Nancy Clark, MS, RD, nutritionist at B05t0I1area's SportsMedicine Brookline, helps people successfu lly control weight. Her popular Nancy Clark's Sports Nutrition Guidebook is filled with helpful tips. Sent $16.50 to NESP, PO Box 252, Boston, MA 02113 .

Afolf¥.:Y :O.J%%~~~~ ~,,,,~:s>

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THIS BEST SElLING GUIDEBOOK IS FILLED WITH TIPS ON HOW TO: • have more strength and stamina • prevent energy lags • eat a convenient sports diet • lose weight while maintaining energy to train • gain freedom from food obsessions Nancy Clark, RD, Sports Nutritionist SportsMedicine Boston, MA

"For top performances and eating pleasure, I recommend you use Nancy Clark's Sports Nutrition Guidebook. " BILL RODGERS, WORLD·CLASS MARATHONER

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GYMNASTICS CLUB CoACHES! How would you like to ... • Earn an extra $10,000 to $35,000 / year? • Become a part-time collegiate coach? • Coach high-level competitive gymnasts? • Add 10-20 team members to your gym during non-peak hours (make more efficient use of your facility)?

Yvonne "Sam" Sandmire NACGC/W President Head Gymnastics Coach Boise State University 1910 University Drive Boise, Idaho 83725

• Have a local college where your gymnasts can compete after graduating from high school?

out what other sports at that college cost. Emphasize large participation numbers. Colleges are looking at adding sports with the lowest cost for the largest number of participants. 2. Get an appointment with the athletic director at the college. Present your proposal along with all of the positive aspects of collegiate women's gymnastics. Examples: A. Academics

If you answered yes to any or all of these questions, THE TIME TO ACT IS NOW!

• 25 % of all college women's gymnastics teams have an average GP A of above 3.0.

Gender Equity, the HOT issue right now, is compelling colleges to add women's sports. For economic reasons, most are adding women's soccer or softball or field hockey. You can show the university, college, or junior college in your town how you can run a women's gymnastics program for them out of your club for less expense than the other options they are considering. A contractual agreement could allow the college to rent your facility and equipment, pay your salary and provide recruiting, transportation, uniforms and even scholarship funds. The program could begin small and grow larger each year. It's a WIN-WIN SITUATION for everyone involved! To find out how to start a collegiate gymnastics program, read on.

• 10% of all college women gymnasts are All-American Scholar athletes (3.5 GPA or above) .

1. Figure out how much you should charge to run a college program. Budget items to be considered include: A. Coach's Salary

B. Facility and Equipment Rental C. Travel to and from Competitions D. Uniforms, Tape, Personal Equipment E. Administrative Costs: phone, postage, office supplies and printing F. Scholarships, if any (Division III does not allow scholarships, Division I and II do) G. Insurance-may be covered by your club insurance, which could make it more attractive to a college administrator who might otherwise be worried about medical/legal costs. H . Miscellaneous The important thing is to be realistic. Start small enough that the college will be able to fund your sport, but large enough to cover your costs and time. Do your homework! Find

B. Potential Revenue • Of the top 20 attendance figures for NCAA women's sports in 1992, seven of them were gymnastics competitions. • The #1 attendance figure reported was a gymnastics program which averaged 12,557 fans per meet. C. Low Cost • Compare your proposed figure to other sports on campus and to sports they are considering adding. Again, do your homework first! • Show how "contracting out" the gymnastics program to you and your club can save them money on the cost of facilities, salaries and benefits, office space, etc. D. Increased Participation Numbers for Women • Help them achieve gender equity by adding a women's sport. E. Interest in Gymnastics • 1.5 million young people in the U.S. do gymnastics at least once a week. • Women's gymnastics beat out even the "Dream Team" as the most watched Olympic event in 1992. • Women's gymnastics is always the first sporting event sold out at the Olympics. Only the opening ceremony sells out faster. Good luck in your pursuits. This is a great opportunity. DON'T MISS OUT! Do It Now! Please contact me or the college coach nearest you if you have any questions or need any help.

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Corrections

p.33 I. C. Change to read One 8" manufactured skill cushion (min im um S' by 10') may be used for all

FIG English Code Corrections: p.56

p .88

#2.201 Delete hang or. ~ Change second symbol to: showing eagle grip. #7.105 The illustration is incorrect. Add the following correct illustration:

ttir'M p.125

p . 34 p. 37

p.38 p.39

Add (two seconds)

#2.302

vaults at the Jr. Olympic optionallevels. II . A. 2. a. Change to read ... Two different nUI11bered vau lts must be performed.* (Two different groups are not required) B.l. Add asterisk * I. A. Change toread : *For the J. O. optional levels, one8" manufactured skill cushion (minimumS' by 10') may be used per event. The use of any other unauthorized type of matting will receive a deduction of 0.30 taken from the average by the Chief Judge. C. 1. at end of 1st sentence add ... is not awarded the value part or Special Requirement credit. D. 4. Add ... An 8" skill cushion MAY NOT be used in the mount phase.

p.41 F. 1. Add examples:

USGF Element Supplement Corrections: p.4

Vault #5.1.310

B vault.

Change # to

#5.1.411

E vault.

Change # to

S.1.210 S.1.SlO p.19

#5.6.412

Change 108°

to 180 0 p.26

Uneven Bars #5.8.510 E part.

DELETE this element. In the FIG Code, this is #8 .405 - D.

Corrections/Additions to the 1993 Jr. Olympic Technical Handbook for Coaches and Judges Revised 7/ 8/ 93 Please check this errata sheet carefully, as several thillgs l/ave beell added sillce the origillal correctioll sheet was distributed.

Cast to handstand = B Cast above4So but not within 10° of handstand = devalue to A Cast between horizontal and 4So = devalue to 0 Value part p.42 top of page #2 delete ending ... ; however, compositional credit may be given. p.43 I. B. 1. b. Second (.) Delete. Counterswing Y2 turn grasp LB is listed in USGF Supplement as A-Part #S-6.110 on page 18. Therefore, this combination can be considered as two elements. p.45 C. 5. Change deduction from 0.10 to read up to

0.20 p.49 I. A. Delete + 0.30 (There are no + 0.3 connections on Bars) p.51 III. C. Add • An extra swing following an element

WILL negate the bonus.

p.12 13. h. 2) Change to read *Both vaults with the

p.13

p.14 p. 18

p.20 p.24

same number (*Two different groups not requ ired) 13. j. Add asterisk * C. 4. a. Change to read No music or music with voice during Floor Exercise. C. 4. b. Delete the words on Vault or. C. 4. c. Add each before the d eduction of 0.10 D. 3. b. 3) Add Bar setting is included in the SO second touch warm-up. F. 1. Change to read In State and below .. .. F. Add 3. The use of open scoring at the Regional Championships is at the discretion of the Regional Board. H. Delete (Exception: Vault) Top of page-Co Add asterisk *

kvI/

p.27 C. 2.b. Example: Add symbols ® p.28 g. Change to read ... When any Special Connection or a "O/E" or restricted "C' element is

performed by a Level 8 gymnast. h. Change to read ... 1A171en an "E" or restricted "0" element or Special Connection containing such elemen ts is performed by a Level 9 gymnast. p.29 II. B. Add to end .. .contrary to the technique of the elemen t. TECHNIQUE August 1993

J. O. optional levels, one 8" manufactured skill cushion (minimum S' by 10') may be used per event. The use of any other unauthorized type of matting will receive a deduction of 0.30 taken from the average by the Chief Judge. II. A. 1. a. Add an asterisk * II. A. 1. b. Add an asterisk * by Chief Judge Topof page4. Add .. .An 8" skill cushion may not be used in the mount phase. Change 6. 4. to 6. c. E. Add • Not eligible for bonus G. 1. b. Change to read-No "C' acrobatic e/ements are allowed. If a "C' acrobatic element is performed ... G. 2. b. Change to read-No " 0 " acrobatic elements are allowed. If a " 0 " acrobatic element is performed ... J. 2 Change to read ... *The legs must be together in vertical, with hips over shoulders in a balanced position to receive Value Part credit. If this position is not achieved to within 10° of vertical, devalue one level ifelement is completed on the beam. If the position is not achieved to within 10° of handstand, and the gymnast never arrives at a position on the beam (fa lls without arriving in some type of support position on beam), it receives 0 value part credit.

p.53 Add F. *For the

p.55 p.57 p.58

p. 59

p.60 #3 Change "must have legs together" to read .. .Must have legs in same plane, either to37

gether or straddled. A split position used for counterbalance or any other handstand with overarch and legs separated receives "8" credit. Build and maintain a successful Preschool - Beginner program with The Gymtastics! Resource Book & Activity Card System For use in both start-up and established programs Saves time Assists in staff, student and program development

Jeannie McCarthy, creator of the Gymtastics! program, has developed and implemented her proven teaching and administrative methods in gymnastic programs in five states over the past 12 years. After the introduction of these methods, enrollment doubled in each facility within six months. Now, with the publication of the Gymtastics! Resource Book & Activity Card System her successful methods are available to you! The Gymtastics! Activity Card System

300 Activity Cards in 10 Sections Easy-to-use categories include: Locomotor warm-up Stations for vault & bars Stations for beam & trampoline Stations for small equipment Eye-hand coordination 25 locomotor movements 75 gymnastic skills for children Parent & Tots class suggestions The Gymtastics! Resource Book

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p.64 D. 11 . Delete asterisk 0 p.68 2. c. Change Tuck jump 180 turn (B) to ... Tuck jump 360 0 Turn (C) and change symbol

to: V1 p. 70 Note at bottom of page: change the word "pr inciples" to parts p.71 12.5.3 Second bullet (.) under Note: Change the word "saltos" to elements p . 73 1. 1. last sentence: Change number in parenthesis from "12.5.3" to (#12.5.4) 1. 3. last line: Change to read ... Use 12 .5.3 for 8 + C = +0.10 (Change in direction) Total = +0.20 p . 74 III.G.Changetoread ... When any Special Connection or a "C' acro or "D/E' element is performed by a Level 8 gtJmnast. III. H. Change to read .. . When a "0" acro or any "E" element or a Special Connection containing a "0" acro or any "E" element is performed by a Level 9 gtJlnnast. p. 75 Delete *If the gtJlnnast uses an unauthorized mat .. . and change to read: *For the J. O. optional levels, one 8" manufactured skill cushion (minimumS' by 10') maybe used per event. The use of any other unauthorized type of matting will receive a deduction of 0.30 taken from the average by the Chief Judge. p.76 D. Coach on Floor Exercise mat-add an asterisk * E. 1. b. Change to read-No p.78 "c" acrobatic elements are allowed. If a "C' acrobatic element is performed ... E. 2. b . Change to read-No "0" acrobatic elements are allowed . If a "0" acrobatic element is performed ... p. 79 H. 1. Delete asterisk p.81 1. B. 1. a. Add 4) The addition or deletion of an "A" acrobatic element forward or backward with hand support will not change the series. p.82 2. f. 1) Change (C) after each Switch leg leap to (8) p.84 Example#4-2nd paragraph (under symbols) : Change

last two lines to read ... eligible for ... bonus of 0.20 for the Indirect Acro connection of C + A + C. p.92 3. d. Sentence below symbols, change to read .. .Not in same line; not counter saltos. p . 95 Principle 13.5.4 a. 2) Add (8) after Flic-flac with 360 0 twist p.96 Top of page-3) Ring Leap (C) ... Change to (8) c. B + B + D 2) Add ... (8) after Flic-flac with 360 twist p. 98 III. C. Add • If the gymnast goes out of bounds, the out of bounds deduction of 0.10 is considered to be 0

a neutral deduction and will not be added to the execution/landing errors when bonification is being considered. III. G. Change to read ... When any Special Connection or a "C' aero or any D/E element IS performed by a Level 8 gtJmnast. III. H. Changetoread ... When a "0" acroorany "E" element or a Special Connection containing a "0" acro or any "E" element is performed by a Level 9 gymnast.

May Technique, Equipment and Resource Companies, page 31. Under Gymnastics Business Products /Videos /Software include: Mahoney Systems ......... (704) 392-7044.

Club Highlights - Special Olympics The Broadway Foundation, Broadway Gymnastics School, Santa Monica, California. Michael and Mary Cates, club owners, have always included special children in their gymnastics school. Michael is a former master teacher at the Marianne Frostig School for the Developmentally Disabled. Their enrichment program for ages four through adulthood is run alongside their competitive program and classes for Olympic hopefuls and the offspring of TV and movie celebrities. Equal care and concern are given to all the children. Intervention and stimula tion are the keys to encouraging motor and gymnastics skill development as well as building self confidence, a positive self-esteem and appropnate social interaction skills. The foundation applies for state and corporate funds and grants to help support the program. For more information, please contact the Broadway Gymnastics School, 1657 12th Street, Santa Monica, CA 90404.

Safety Certification Reminders • 1993 Coca-Cola USA Championships This is a reminder that in order to receive a credential for participation in the 1993 Coca-Cola USA Championships in Salt Lake City, all coaches and judges MUST BE SAFETY CERTIFIED. Violation of the mandate could result in suspension of individual USGF membership, a fine, and/ or disqualification of the participating athlete. • 1994 Safety Certification Mandate As of January 1, 1994 all coaches, judges and officials participating in USGF sanctioned com-

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Impact of Coaches petitions at the REGIONAL level and above must be Safety Certified. For Rhythmic coaches, judges and officials, safety certification is a requirement for participation in competitions at the J.O. NATIONAL level and above.

To be effective at 1993 USA Championships ONLY

Bonus Pts.

2.40 5.40 1.20 9.00 +1.00 10.00

Base score

Difficulty: • 1D 2C 3B 4A • Minimum of 10 parts. • Deductions for missing parts comes out of difficulty.

Note: Additional D's will replace a lower value part. Additional Special Requirements: FX 0.50 Bonus Points Minimum (Dismount must be of D Value) PH 0.50 Bonus Points Minimum

9.8 vault

PB 0.50 Bonus Points Minimum (Dismount must be of D Value) HB 0.50 Bonus Points Minimum 2D Value flight elements attempted, or 3 flight elements attempted (Dismount must be of D Value)

USGF Men's Additional Special Requirements Composition: Difficulty Exercise Presentation Special Requirements

SR 0.50 Bonus Points Minimum 2D Strength Required (Dismount must be of D Value)

Deductions for missing "Additional Special Requirements": Taken from exercise presentation A. Less than 0.50 Bonus points shown 0.2 B. Each missing D strength part on R 0.2 C. Less than D dismount performed 0.2 D. Less than 9.8 vault shown 0.3 E. Each missing release attempted 0.2 * Additional bonus of 0.20 for "E" dismount

which is stuck.

* Additional bonus of 0.10 for "D" dismount which is stuck. (Regardless, final score cannot exceed 10 points) ** Additional matting up to 8" is allowed under

horizontal bar for releases. No additional matting is allowed for dismounts or vaulting.

I have corne to a frightening conclusion. I am the decisive element in the gym, on the field, or in the classroom. It is my personal approach that creates the climate. It is my daily mood that makes the weather. As a coach, I possess tremendous power to make an athlete's life miserable or joyous. I can be the tool of torture or an instrument of inspiration. I can humiliate or humor, hurt or heal. In all situations it is my response that decides whether a crisis will be escalated or de-escalated and an athlete humanized or dehumanized.

-An Adaption of Haim Ginott

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Coaches Education

PDP LEVEL I VIDEO CLINIC INSll{UCTORS Due to the large number of inquiries regarding how to find the PDP Level I Video Clinics, the following list of people includes those individuals who have purchased the Level I Starter Kit and are able to administer the vid eo clinic.

Christine Ebert Educational Services

How do I become a Level I Administrator? To become a Level I Clinic Administrator there are three requirements: 1) Level I Accreditation; 2) Professional Membership; and 3) Safety Certification. Once you have reached the Level I Accreditation status, you may then purchase the Level I Starter Kit through the USA Gymnastics merchandise d epartment. This kit contains 15 workbooks and the Level I Video. PDP Level I Criteria PDP Level I Accreditation requires the completion of three components: 1. Rookie Coaches Gymnastics Guide ($8.95)---Coaches should read the guide and review the principles for teaching gymnastics successfully. A self test is included when you purchase the guide fro m USA Gymnastics. Complete the test and return it to USA Gymnastics with a $5.00 processing fee. You must score 80 % or better in order to receive a certificate of recognition.

2. Sequential Gymnastics II ($13.00)---Coaches should read and study the principles of using the sequential program, supervision, organization, equipment, terminology, and landing techniques. Once the book has been read and reviewed, a self test, which is included when you purchase the book from USA Gymnastics, should be taken and completed. The completed test should be reAK Corolynne Crouch, Amharoge AL

KOlhyCombers, Birmingham Ri(ky Garcio, Mounlain Brook Joel Inman, Birmingham WoyneStough, Pinson AR Billy Glogon, POIogould Rondy MlMullin, Forl Smilh DonnoMeine<ke, FoyeHeville ScoHWright, Conwoy CA limAllen, Polmdole Robert Corter, Oroville JomesDoHo, Los Bonos Adliono feinbelg, fPOAP Glenn Gork, Lancoster Mike Guzman, Concord Broodwoy Gymnoslics Sc:hool, Sonlo Monico Dioblo Gymnsliu School, San Romon Golden GliesGymnosties Joanna flilz, Lodi Poul Housladen, MounlainView lodyHUllberl, MdGnleyvilie [n(ore Inc., Wainul Creek Jim Kinney, Sonlo Cruz Ron Ludwig, MounloinView Menlo Pork Gymnasli(s Peggy McCOfmick Suson Robinene {31, Pieosonton Vielorio Romand, Madera Santa Maria YMCA Irvine Sc:hoolof Gymnosli(s, SanloAna Sleven Sc:oH, Son Moleo Eric TOlmon, Orongevale Tereso Weskomp, Antio<h DebbieWollmon, Havoto U.S. Gymnsti<s TrainingCenler YMCA Sports Center

Ron8areno, Fort Collins AlIStor GymnosticsA<odemy, liHlelon Lorry Dordono, Denver DanielJenkins, ColorodoSprings Grond Junelion Gymnastics, Grand Junclion Steve Loke, Wheolridge Derick Moellenbeck, Colorado Springs Thornlon Reueolion Depl., Thornton Porn Turner, Longmonl

WolioceAnderson, Horwich liz Cornish, Bristol lone Heslord, (linton loanHicks, Shehon D. Moffa, Watertown fL Jomes Cormen, West PolmBeoch Broadway Gymnastics, Oviedo Tumblebee Gymnostics, Miomi Brodely Harris, West Polm Beoch Brion Koy, orongeGty Gndy Ke<k, Orange Pork ChrislinoWhite, LokeWorth The G"ot .. Hollywood YMCA GA AdrionnoMorvets, Columbus Peoch Stole Sports Center GregoryShelnun, Newnan HI Pol Gardner, HickomAFB lisoVice, Koiluo Woiokeo SelllementYMCA 121. Hilo IA Ron Winters, Urbondole 10 Palouse Empire Gymnoslics, Mos<ow lohnSohlein, BoiSt! ShoronWillioms, Rigby

IL Norberl Bendixen, Mundelein

~:i~ ~~~e~~S~~~~~ Mundelein Robert Fornham, Elgin Bren Gorlond, Allinglon Heighls Down Ko<her, Peoria Ellen Lodno·Former, Downers Grove DovidMcOorney, Believilie MidWest Acodemy 01 Gymnastics, Worrenville Moline Gymnastics BarboroMoore, Peolia RondolPeebles, Chothom JeonneWanzek, Glenview IN Monli Edwords, TIpton Gymnosticsin Molion Inc. Hoosier Gymnostics, Plainfield Koko Molion Inc. Summit Academy of Gymnastics, Leo USAGymnoslit5, lndianopolis KI Gerold Corley, Lenexa Mark Forgler, Wichila Potricio Martinson, Shownee Mission RebeccoWeber, M(Pherson KY Loulo Hall, louisville Lou's Academy, Holpinwille Russell Mikes, Louisville loonneMilChell, Burlington Ch,istineSalomeh, Louisvilie Sleven Sc:hoenboechler, louisville

LA Susie Morris, Ruslon MA lennil.. Hull·llonell, Ch",yVolley InelMoY,Wrenthom KolhieenMcNoliy, fitchburg

MO ChipSlevenson, lourel

ME Mark Benson, Scoroorough MI GKWG, Kolomozoo ludy frieheil, MountMorris Helen Fry, Saginaw Groce Gonyon, Muskegon O.A.K. Gymnostit5, Holland NoncyHones, Brighton Lonny Milh, Trenton

turned to USA Gymnastics with a $5.00 processing fee. You must score 80% or better in order to receive a certificate of recogni tion. 3. Level I Video Clinic-This portion of the Level I Accreditation requires all coaches participating in the Level I program to participate in a clinic conducted by a Level I Clinic Administrator. This video clinic combines the information fro m the Rookie Coaches Gymnastics Guide and Sequential Gymnastics II, and presents the coach with practical situations with workbook exercises. Once you have completed the clinic, complete the video clinic application form and have the clinic administrator sign it, and return it to USA Gymnastics. When a coach completes all three of the above listed requirements he / she is granted PDP Level I Accreditation and will receive a final certificate of acknowledgment for their achievement as a PDP Level I Accredited Coach. USA Gymnastics is working hard to make it easier for the gymnastics community to find clinics in their area. If you wish to find out when a Video Clinic is being offered please refer to the list below and conta the appropriate ind ividual(s) in your area. If you ar Level I Accredited and w ish to become a Level I Administrator, you may order the Level I Starter Kit, item #3695, $60.00, through the USA Gymnastics Merchandise Department. Use the order form on page 2. PDP Level I Video Instructors The individuals and/or clubs listed below have completed Level I Administrator requirements and are permitted to conduct Level I Video Clinics.

lake Norman YMCA, (ornelius lomesSmilh, Ashevilie Connie Wagoner, Durham Durham YMCA, Durham NO Connie Kleven, Medina

HE NoncyBoker, Columbus Bud Benok, Omoho PhilCohoY, Omoho James Reichart, P!oHsmouth Mike Sianner, Popillion

Mark Benlie, GrondRopids Gleoson 's Gymnostics Sc:hool, Eagon lindoHonSt!n Mike Hunger, Chomplin KristineMyhre·Smith,GrondMorois HoncyPoHer, St. Paul MO All Americon Gymnasti(s, SI. louis KolhyAtwoler, dorkson Voliey Sorohlockson, Springlield MiMill .., Mobelly ItChodesYMCA, ltChOlI" RobinWeidmoier, St.Joseph MI lohnBellY, dOlksdole Joonn Froncinques, long Beoch Kips Gymnoslics, Honiesburg MT BiHerrootGymnostics RebeuoPrice, Biliings

JoonGeel, Albuquerque Hoshuo Sc:hoolof Gymnostics Tony Retrosi, Dover

RobinAYles. El i zobe t hG~

Don Dovis, Raleigh YMCA of Durham, N.c., Durhom Robert Kohut, Winston Salem Louis liguori, Aberdeen

Nl I,ene Cunnninghom, Modison Kim Forrest, Samerville Phil Frank, Gnnaminson Kate Hickie, Toms River fileen Houghlon, Mr. Loulel Mike KIOtchko, Garwood Mike Millhonowski, Woll lonothonScholfer, Lawrencevilie TOloYomogu(hi, Keorny NM

louise Jonecky, Los Alamos KorenSchworting, LosCruce5 Koren Sto<kham, Albuquerque NY lonet8ocon, Poughkeepsie BonniewKyle Blomphin, Coledonio Kothie·SueCecil, Monticelio Chlis Chokos, l<henedody

Community Educolion & Re<reolion, Hudson Dovid FOlister, Broodview Heights Roy Guro, Avon loke B&BGymnoslics, Enon Midwest Gymnostics, Dublin Mots Gymnastics Acodemy Marge Kiley, Gn<innoti Robert Putnam, Miomisburg loycelyne Textoris, Akron The Cholk Box, Ashtobulo OK Suzy Borto, Bartlesville Kathy Boeckman, Okeene Kevin Chumley, Tulso 8en Fox, Hormon Sherry Grubel,Alvo Judy Tucker, doremole OR Tereso Hayes, Hillsooro Lynn Stroud, Portlond PA OizobethCoop.., Woodlyn lennilel Evons, Chombersburg lelhey FUlhs, Philodelphio Roinbow Gymnastics Inc, Chombersburg RussKehl..,8100moll KrumKrum, Bloomsburg RI Rilo Beou!ieu, Coventry FloncesRobertson, Covenlry GoiISaulhworth, E. P,ovidence

~~~ ~~ih:~/~:~;!~ocuse

Kimberly Oomogolski, Monning Theresa Podron, tlorlh Chorleslon 10 luono lohnson, Yonkton

OH Michele Bleh, Gndnnoli

ChlisCook, Molyvilie

Trocey Oovie, JohnsonGty Kermo Thomas, Johnson City Rober1 Volley, Hendersonville TX FilnessArhlelic(enler, Bellville 8eauBiron,Wo{o McAllen Boy> & Gills Club. McAllen OianeBrown, Plono Kay Brown, Poris Toni Connolly, Pompo Bob ClOwley, AmOlilio Mark England, Austin Doug Fitzgerold, Wo(o Maverick Gymnosli(s, Amarillo Allen Gymnastics TomiJoso, Pearlond BruceKirk, HOLISlon lellyMilon, FI. Worlh Martin Parsley, Jocksonville RichTrevino, DeSolo WA Michael Cennome, SeoHle OeoolOh ISloel, MopleVolley David Mockey, Federal Way Brion Muenz, To{oma Lori Reid, Yokima Jesus Rios, £I Paso TInaR~novieh, Weolherford

ItephonieSodl.., Bellinghom WI ThomosAuer,Racine ScompsGymoosli(~, Kenosho Kolhy Johnson, Greendole 8orbJonusko, Delovon WV Beverly Mognum, Moe Ar1her Eloine Mauck, Morlinsburg WY AnneHe leonard, Douglas

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Coaches Education

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTPROGRAM LEVEL II EXPERIENCE VERIFICATION

Na me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Social Security Number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

TWO Na me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Birthd a te _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ Rela ti onship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ City _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Zip _ _ _ _ __

State

Ad d ress _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Phone: (day) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Sa fety Certifi ca tion: 0 NO

(night) _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Phone _ _ _ _ _ _ __

o YES

ex p od a te _ _ _ _ _ _ __

o Level II

PDP Accredita tion: 0 Level I

THREE

Job Description

Na me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

(please print or type)

I coach and/or teach the following:

Position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

(check a ll tha t apply) OMom & To t o Preschool o Cheerleading o Tu mbling

Rela tio nship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

Developmental

Women:

Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

o Levels 1-4 o Levels 8-10

o Levels 5-7 o Elite

o Class 5-7

o Class 1-4

Phone _ _ _ _ __ _ _

Men:

o Elite

Employer's verification

Rhythmic:

o Levels 1-4 o Levels 8-1 0

o Levels 5-7 o Elite

1, ____________________________

Do you actively coach at competitions? (check a ll that a ppl y) If yes, list number per year. o Local 0 Sta te__ 0 Regional__

info rma tion is true a nd accura te fo r the peri od w hich the above listed coach has been employed by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____

0 Na ti onal d a te _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Signature

References (o ther than your current employer)

Additional information (pl ease print or type)

ONE Na me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Rela tions hip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ Phone _ _ _ _ _ _ __

TECHNIQUE A ugust 1993

, acknowledge that this

Coaches Education

PDP LEVEL II:

SKILL CoMPONENTS Now AVAILABLE The Coaching Development Committee has completed the gymnastics specific skills testing components for Level II Accreditation. These components w ill identify the coach as having achieved: PDP Level II Accreditation-Men's Artistic Gymnastics; Dave Moskovitz Coaching Development Coordinator

PDP Level II Accreditation-Women's Artistic Gymnastics; PDP Level II Accreditation-Rhythmic Gymnastics As indicated previously, coaches may choose to gain accreditation in more than one discipline by completing the gymnastics specific skills testing component for each discipline.

Level II Components The following general components apply to coaches from all disciplines: 1. USGF Professional Membership-At Level II it is essential tha t coaches ha ve membershi p in the USGF as the primary professional gymnastics organization. Professional members receive Technique and USA Gymnastics magazines, the official publications of USA Gymnastics. 2. USGF Safety Certification-The importance of safety in gymnastics is well recognized. The USGF Safety Certification program is considered as a standard in sport for the body of information provided by this program. Safety Certifica tion is entering its third four-year cycle beginning in 1994. 3. USGF/ACEP Sport Science Course-This eight-hour course focuses upon basic information from the sport sciences. The text is Successful Coach ing by Dr. Rainer Martens. Participants who successfully complete the course are entered in the USGF and ACEP coaching databases. 4. Coaching Experience/Background Questionnaire-Basic information regarding previous and current coaching experience is obtained through a questionnaire. This questionnaire requires verification by current or past employers or supervisors and a listing of at least three professional references. The following skill specific components have been identified: 5. Junior Olympic Competitive Program Examination*-

Men 's Artistic Gymnastics: This written examination has been prepared to assess familiarity

with the Men's JOCP, Classes 7-4. This exam focuses upon informa tion tha t is key to understanding the program, compulsory exercise content and judging concerns-from a coaches point-of-view. Item #PDPlO

Women's Artistic Gymnastics: This written examination has been prepared to assess familiarity with the Women's J.O. National Program, Levels 5-7. This exam focuses upon information that is key to understanding the program, compulsory exercise content and judging concerns-from a coaches pOint-ofview. Item #PDP20 Rhythmic Gymnastics: This written examination has been prepared to assess familiarity with the Rhythmic Gymnastics J.O. Program, Levels 5-7. This exam focuses upon information that is key to understanding the program, compulsory exercise content and judging concerns-from a coaches point-of-view. Item #PDP30 *These items may be ordered, at no charge, from the USA Gymnastics DepartmentofEduca tional Services and Safety. 6. Basic Skills Materials and Examination-

Men's Artistic Gymnastics: 1993 TECHNIQUE Guide to Men's Training represents an effort to supply the recreational and competitive coach with information regarding skill training, condi tioning, and flexibility necessary for preparation of the intermediate to advanced level gymnasts. Item #3634 $25.00 Women's Artistic Gymnastics: 1993 TECHNIQUE Guide to Women's Gymnastics represents an effort to supply the recreational and competitive coach with information regarding skill training, conditioning, and flexibility necessary for preparation of the intermediate to advanced level gymnasts. Item #3633 $25.00 Rhythmic Gymnastics: This component will be assessed through the use of an exercise workbook being developed in conjunction with the Levels 1-4 program. The program materials, videos and the PDP Workbook are scheduled for completion in September, 1993. NOTE: Attaining Level II Coach Accreditation is a ONE-TIME effort-as long as a coach meets all the above components, they will earn Level II "active" status. In order to MAINTAIN "active" vs. "inactive" status, the coach must simply maintain the USA Gymnastics Professional Membership and Safety Certification components. It is expected tha t most Level II coaches will continue their on-going education by partidpating in PDP Level III. Components for Level ill Accreditation will be identified in 1994 and published in Technique journal.

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

Rhythmic Code of Points

CODE CLARIFICATIONS Following the questions asked by the judges during the Intercontinental and the Continental courses, the FIG / RSG / TC finds it necessa ry to give the followin g specifica tions:

CHAPTER II Specifications rega rding the " List of difficulties". A. Small va riations requ ired by the technique of execution do not cha nge th e difficulties lists. B. Sma ll va riations in the shape of one of the body pa rts (ex.: ... w ith free leg a t the horizontal, whether straight, half-bent, or bent) do not change the difficulty. C. Add to the " List of Difficulties A: Balances": (pp 32-35) Balallce all aile foot, witii frollt, side or back splits, witii or witiioll t tlIe lIelp of aile lIalld, witii a ciiallgeofdirectioll oftlIegYlllllast (3/4 tllm III ill illllllll all tlIe sallIe foot). D. In case of disparity between the w ritten text and the drawing, the written text ,·v ill prevail.

CHAPTER

Specifications rega rding "Broken Appara tus" (p. 65) A. Ad d point 2.5.4. to § 2.5: In case of use o f a replacement apparatus the penalties given by the Judge-Coordinator will be the same penalties as those required under points 2.2.2. a nd 2.2.3. Specifica tions regarding 3.3. (p . 65) The following specifica tions a re va lid only for the jumps or leaps. B. Series of jumps or leaps - A series of jumps or leaps of level A (3 successive jumps or lea ps), w ithout intermediary steps, counts as 1 difficulty A if the jumps or leaps are the same; they wi ll count as 2 or 3 difficulties A if the jumps or leaps are of different types (except in the case of rope exercises). A series of jumps or leaps of level B (3 successive jumps or leaps) without intermed iate steps if they a re the sa me, or with one or two steps, if they are different, will be counted in the following manner: the first2asa unity(= difficulty D)a nd the third as a n isolated jump or leap (= difficulty B). A series of jumps or lea ps of level A a nd B (3 successive jumps or leaps), provid ed tha t the conditions for transitions specified in the Code a re present, will always be counted as in the preceding case; the first 2 as a unity and the third as an isolated jump or leap. Ex: A - B - A = C + A A-B-B=C+B B -A- B =C+ B B-B-A=D +A A - A - B = one difficulty A if the 2 jumps or leaps are the same, or 2 difficulties A if the jumps or leaps are different; plus difficulty B. In all cases, a series with more than 3 identical jumps or lea ps will count only as a series of 3 jumps or leaps. Specifications regarding 3.1.3. (p. 66) C. All the difficulti es A a nd B mentioned in the special cases are va lid only for the 4th difficulty B (free choice), and for difficulties C and D. Specifications regarding 3.8.3. (p. 75) D. Unaesthetic element All throws and ca tches of the apparatus performed between the legs with hips thrust forwa rd are consid ered as unaesthetic elements, and therefore will be pena lized (0.1 0 point). SpeCi fi cations rega rding 3.9.2. (pp 77-80) E. Risk taking Fordifficulties A, B, C,and Dof jumps or leaps, the catch of the ball outside the visual field may be performed wi th 2 hand s, provided that the catch is executed during, the fli ght. All ca tches of the apparatus (ba ll, hoop and clubs) by means of direct blocking on the floor with a part of the body or with 2 sa me body parts (2 legs or 2 arms) are va lid as risk taking, provided that the genera l norm s are met.

pecifications rega rding 3.10.1. (p. 80) The "Note" under 3.10.1. must be modified as follows: TlIe bOllllS will be givell ollly if all cOlllpositioll reqllirellleJIts are lIIet. Specifica tions rega rding 4.5. (p. 8) G. Virtuosity - The bonus for virtuosity ma y be given even if the gymna st has a 0.05 point penalty (only once) for uncertainty or slight lack of precision. f.

TECHNIQUE August 1993

CHAPTER

VI (HOOp)

Specifications regarding 2. (pp. 101-102) A. The variety on the roll s on the floor will be provided either by mea ns of impulse, or by the length of the rolls, or by their floor pa ttern a nd direction. The variety in the body movements used in conjunction with the rolls does not sa tisfy the requirements for "different rolls" in the compositi on. B. A throw wi th rotation of the hoop arou nd an axis satisfi es the requirements fOTrlifterrll1 rofntiolls , olleo/wh icll , af n millimlllll ,nrolllld

tlIe axis of tlIe 1I00p. Specifications regarding 3 (p. 102) C. Special cases-TlIrow wit II IIlOre tilOlI 2 rotatiolls of tlIe 1I00p arolllld all axis, ill COlljllllctioll wit II a body 1II0velllellt of level A. This must be und erstood as a ~ throw.

CHAPTER

VII (BALL)

Specifica tions regarding 1.3.5. (p. 107) A. Balance of the ball on the palm of the hand is va lid, provided that there is a movement either of the arm with the ba ll or of the whole body, as w ritten in the Code. The "Note" is valid; however, point 3.3.4. of chapter IV (Statism) must be taken into considera tion. Specifica tion regard ing 3. (p. 108) B. Special cases The2 jumps or leaps and the 2 minimum bounces, mentioned in the first case listed, may be either the same or d ifferent. A succession (ellchnfllle11lellt) is lHcre ilnpo rtant than a series and

therefore must contain a minimum of 4 rolls. Ball balallced as a part of tlIe body (witiioll t beillg assisted by aile or two hands .... means that, for this specia l case, ba lancing the ball on o ne

or two hands is not va lid. General norm, va lid for all apparatus All the ca tches of the apparatus (a rri ving either from a th row a bounce, or on the floor, performed during a body movement of level B wi ll always count as a difficulty B with ap para tus.

CHAPTER

VII (CLUBS)

Specifications regard ing 1. (pp. 111-115) A. The clubs are always considered as one apparatus w hen dea ling w ith composition, and as2 apparatus when dealing with execution. Regarding the small rotation movements of the wrists, with clubs held by the body or by the neck, it should be specified that the body movement difficulty will only count when the rotations of the w rists a re performed during a difficulty, and not together with either the preparation of that movement or immediately following the difficulty itself. This means that it follows the same criteria as that for "static a pparatus". The types of mills are the two indicated in the Code: Therefore, a "series of mills" includes a minimum of 2 circles.

CHAPTER X (GROUP EXERCISES) Genera l specifications A. The group gymnasts are consid ered asa unity when the judges look a t the compositi on, and as 6 sepa ra te gymnasts w hen the judges look at the execution. B. Therefore, a difficulty of body movement, or an exchange performed once by all 6 gy mnasts and then once by 2 or 3 gymnasts is a combina tion in which the other 4 or 3 gymnasts perform a different difficulty, w ill count as 2 difficulties. Specifications regardi ng 6.2.2. (pp. 147-148) C. The follow ing penalty is missing from the list of penalties for the judge-coordinator for Execution: gymna sts communica tion s among thenlselves w ith voice during

an exercise: 0.50 point. Specifica tions regarding the Chart of Difficulties by Exchange (p. 156) D. In the Summary Chart for "Diffi cu lties by Exchange", the difficulty A listed in point 7.3.4., §4, should be ad d ed in case of two appara tus per gymnast.

ApPENDIX

A. The ribbon for jun ior group exercises should ha ve a minimum length of 5 m.

RSG FIG/TC Moutier, June, 1993

REGISTRATION FORM - WOMEN'S ARTISTIC JUDGE'S CERTIFICATION EXAM Please pre-register by: September 1, 1993 Judges Number - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (ifapp'n'c.lble) Current Rating(s)

WOMEN'S ARTISTIC

JUDGE'S CER11FICATION

Phone (__)

EXAM

Address ______________________________________________________

September 12, 1993

Name

City _________________________

State

Zip _______

Registration Fee: $15 per exam part. Total Enclosed: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ NO REFUND ON TEST FEE. $20 fee for registration at Congress . New Judge (Never tested before) 0 Yes

0 No

Make checks payable to Judges Certification Inc.

USGF Congress, Atlanta Marriott Marquis Hotel, Atlanta, GA Schedule: 8:30-10:00 am

TA Workshop

Copy of current rating card or exam results letter sent by Certification Office w ill be required to verify the exam you 're eligible for:

10:00-11 :30 am

Level 10 Theory

10:00-11 :30 am

Level 8 / 9 Practical

Check those which apply:

11 :30-1:00 pm

Level 10 Practical

Form A is for the first time you test Form B is for the second time you test on a previously failed exam.

11 :30-1 :00 pm

Level 9, 8, 6/7, 5 Theory

o This is the first time I have tested to become a rated official. o Practical Exam (video) 0 Level 8 o Level 9 o Level 10 o Form B o Optional Level 8 o Form A o Form B o Optional Level 9 o FormA o Form B o Optional Level 10 o Form A o FormA o Form B o Compulsory LevelS o Form B o Compulsory Level 6/7 o FormA

WOMEN'S PROGRAM COMMII'I'EE CONFERENCE CALL June 21,1993 The Conference ca ll comenced at 10:00 AM I.. ROLLCALL WABC Kathy Feldmann Ma rilyn Cross, absent WTCC Roe Kreutzer EPCC TomKoll JOPCC Athlete Rep Michelle Dusserre VP for Women Na ncy Marshall FIG-WTC Jackie Fie, absent WPA Kathy Kelly II. CRITERIA FOR NOMINATION FOR REGIONAL ELITE PRGRAM COMMITTEE Recommendation to accept the proposal made by the Elite Ad Hoc Committee: that the criteria for nomination for the Regional Elite Program Chairman be any coach who has qualified an athlete to the USA Championships at the Junior or Senior International level within the last four years. Motion - M. Dusserre Second - T. Koll PASSED Approved by Mike lacki lillie 1993

Please pre-register by: September 1, 1993 Registration Fee: $15 per exam part. $20 fee for registration at Congress. No refund on test fee . Make checks payable to Judges Certification Inc. $20 fee for registration at Congress. Return completed Form and payment to: Varina French, P.O. Box 328, Borrego Springs, CA 92004 (619) 767-4331

WOMEN'S TECHNICAL COMMII'I'EE CONFERENCE CALL June 24,1993 I. ROLLCALL

Meeting called to order a t 6:00 PM EST by Chai rman, Marilyn Cross Members Present: Region I Joa nne Pasquale Region Il Karen Wisen Carole Bunge Region III Region IV Linda Beran Region V Carolyn Bowers Cindy Sielski Region VI Cheryl Hamilton Region VII Marian Dykes Region VIIl ETC Audrey Schweyer EPCC Roe Kreutzer JOPCC Tom Koll ABC Kathy Feldmann WPA Kathy Kelly JOPC Connie Maloney II. J. 0 COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS TO WTC Recommendation to accept the J. O. P. C. proposal "to allow a onejudge panel at Level 6 & 7 compulsory LOCAL meets only. A Level

A ugust 1993 TECHNIQUE

6/7 rating and one year's experie nce is required. Pre-meet information a nd judges' contrac t must indicate the number of judges per

panel." Motio n - M. Dykes Second - C. Bowers PASSED - 5 for, 4 against :ecommendation to accept the J. O. P. C. proposal "to allow the R egional Boards to decid e if open scoring is to be u sed at Regional

meets.

Motion - M . Dykes Second - C. Bunge P ASSED III. OPTIONAL JUDG ES' RATINGS Commi ttee discussed the p ossible problem of mee ts being conducted w ith severa l levels of optionals w hich would create a lack of judg ing opportunities for the Level 8and possibly Level 9 judges. The WTC w ill present a recommenda tion to JCl in regards to the requirements to "test up." IV. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF JUDGES TO USGF COMPETITIONS The Committee reviewed this cha pte r in the Rilles alld Policies a nd mad e revisions fo r the 1993-94 edition.

Approved by Mike Jacki Jlllle, 1993

RSGJ.O. PROGRAM COMMII'I'EE MEETING June 25-27, 1993 Atlanta, Georgia ROLLCALL Region 1 Region 2 Region 3

Alia Svirsky Jan Williamson Jackie Scherrer

Region 4 Region 5

Ca rol Lat Gwen Hillia rd

World C ha mpions hi ps Trials w ill be held at Emory University in Atla nta on Sunday, September 12 at 1:OOPM. Congress fee includes one ticket to the event; additional tickets availab le o n site. IV. 1994 SCHEDULE Junior O ly mpic C hampionshi ps The committee by consensus p roposed the following d ates for the Junior O lym piC C hampionships: Ap ril 29-May 1 - (first choice) Ap ril 22-24 - (second choice) If a bid is not received after the Bid City Seminar, the Olympic Training Center wi ll be the proposed site. Regiona l Cha m pionshi ps Regiona l Chairmen w ill be responSible for setting the dates for their respective Reg io nal meets and w ill present the regional schedule at Congress. The last possible date fo r Regional Championships w ill be Ap ril 10. V. 1993 DATA An overview o f finances and entries at loca l, sta te and regional competitions s howed tha t the majority of meets a re profitable to the host orga ni za tion . VI. REGION STRUCTURE Beca use of the continued low numbers of a thle tes, clubs a nd professiona l members in Regions 3 & 4, Hitzel proposed a regional restructu ring for rhythmic gym nastics tha t would offer more equity th roug hout thecountry. Discussion of the implications was length y. distribution o f the rh ythmic population w ill lead to better Pros: fina ncial stability qua lification to the Junior Olympic Championship will be more equitable reg io ns w ill be administra ti vely more effective regiona l meets w ill be more prestigious Cons: 2 less representative on the)O Program Committee loss of the current networks Motion to table the proposal for one year and discuss at next year's meeting after further investigation. MOTION - G. Hilliard SECOND - D. Massad DEFEATED - 3-8 Motion to accept the proposed realignment as presented. MOTION - J. Scherrer SECOND - C. Harrelson TIE - 5-5 (1 absent) Motion to accept the proposed realignment for 1994 with Kentucky and Ohio remaining within current region for one year, after which a further decision will b e made with regard to corrent placement of Kentucky and Ohio. MOTION - K. Glover SECOND - T. Molnar PASSED - 10-0 (1 absent) Recommended that Nora write a leller to affected professional members concerning the regional realignment. (Letter was sent to all professional members June 30, 1993.) VII. 1994 RULES AND POLICIES

I.&lli2

Region 6 Maureen Broderick Cathy Harrelson (arri ved 6/26) Region 7 Region 8 Cindy Stone Judges Rep. Dia ne Massad Coaches Rep. Tracey Ca llahan Molna r (a rri ved 6/26) Athletes Rep. Ka ryn Lyon Glover (arrived 6/26) Coaches Assoc. Susie DiTulio (non-voting) No ra Hitzel (non-voting) Rhythmic Program Meeting was ca lled to ord er by Nora Hitzel a t 8:10 PM, Friday, June 25, 1993) II. USA Gymnastics Report ora Hitzel reported on several items:

RhythmiC promotio nal brochure and v ideo w ill be ava ilable at Cong ress. Level 1-4 Program material will be presented at Congress. Rhythmic gymnas tics w ill be presented to directors and s taff of Girls Incorporated centers nationwide at the Regiona l Conferences in October. The firs t USA Gymnastrada w ill take place October 8, 9, 10 in Indianapolis, I Rhythmic Na tional Cha mpions hips and the Junior O lym pic Championships w ill be presented at the Event Bid seminar hosted by USA Gymnas ticS in A ug us t. Severa l cities w ill be in v ited to bid o n these events for 1994. Therefore, d a tes fo r these events ca nnot be solidified until after all bids have been reviewed . The pOSSibi lity of telev isio n coverage for Na ti o nal Champio nships was presented. This w ill affect the site and da tes for the Na tional C ha mpionships. III. CONGRESS ora Hitzel asked for vo lun teers to work the rh ythmiCques ti o n/a nswer booth a t Congress. Suggested lecture topics: Element progressions and techniques related to 1994 Level 8 apparatus. Level 1-4 fo r new coaches and judges. RhythmiC professiona l members are stro ng ly encouraged to in vestiga te sessions o ther tha n those speCifica ll y deSignated for rhythmics. Genera l topics to look for include psychology, nutrition, business management .

TECHNIQUE August 1993

It was recogni zed that Level 5 gymnas ts had difficulty identifying the correct fl oor patterns as related to a second gymnast on the floo r. A suggestion to reeva luate the floor patterns to eliminate d iago na ls and allow each gymnas t her own s pace resu lted in the following actions:. Mo tion to divide floor in half parallel to side 1 with the judges sitting on the same side. Gymnasts wi ll face the same direction. MOTION - C. La t SECOND - M. Broderick DEFEATED - 5-6 Motion to divide floor in half in either direction (not along the diagonal) with judge placement at the discretion of the meet direc tor. Gymnas ts will face the s ame direction. MOTION - C. Stone SECOND - K. Glover PASSED - 8-1

1=L6 Discussion regarding fo nnat of Level 6 compe titions w ith respec t to having o ne o r two gymnasts competing at a time revea led several possibilities for meet forma ts. The meet format shou ld be based on number of competitors, ava ilable judges, lengt h of sessions. Motion to recommend to the technical committee that Level6 judges will judge both composition and execution. Whe n there are two judges per routine, th e average of the two scores will count as the final note. When there is only one judge, her score alone w ill count as the final note. MOTION - M. Broderi ck SECOND - C. Harrelson PASSED -11-0 Motion to have each regional director take a vo te from all Level 6 coaches in her region to decide the Level 6 forma t (one or two gymnasts competing) at the Regional Championships. All other mee ts will be decided upon by the meet director and the format must be noted in the meet information. MOTION - C. Stone SECOND - M. Broderick PASSED- 8-3 Motion to add ribb on awards to Level 6 similar to the awards system for LevelS. For each event every competitor will receive a co lored ribbon based on the following: 5.0-6.0=blue; 4.0-4.95=red; 3.0-3.95=white; 2.0-2.95=yellow; 1.0-1.95=green All-around certificates for all competitiors a nd all-around medal awards will continue to be presented as stated in the 1992-93 Rilles alld Policies. MOTION - C. Stone SECO D - M. Broderick

PASSED - 11-0 Recommendation to have choreographers clarify the Level 6 floor patterns for1994 routine to facilitate 2 athletes at a time without interaction. New floor patterns will not be mandated. Nole: Level 6 ro utines are to be perfo rmed as described in the text. In other word s if the tex t d oes not specify tha t a part may be reversed , then it may not be reversed. This is different from the Level 7 & 8 compulsories w hich may he reversed but only in their entirety.

Level 7 D iscussion of th e inclusion of an optional routine for 1994. Data showed

that the top gy mnasts at the Ju nior O lympic C ha mp ionships did not perform the op tiona l hoop routine. Also, gy mnasts w ho d id perfor m the optiona l placed near the bottom of the group. Coaches seemed to like the com pulsory program and praised the rout ines

[IS

g reat teaching tools.

Motion to include only four compulsory routine, no optional for Level 7. MOTION - M. Broderick SECO N D - C. Har relson DEFEATED - 3-7 DEFEATED Motion to keep the Level 7 program the same as 1993 with three compulsories and the option of performing one optional routine or a fourth compulsory. MOTION - T. Molnar SECON D - M. Brod erick PASSED - 8-2 Motion to make ribbon the optional event of choice. MOTION - C. Harrelson SECON D - M. Brod eri ck PASSED - 11-0 Motion to include all 12 ribbon routine elements as written for the compulsory routine as the Level 7 optional composition requirements plus any additional requirements as decided by the technical committee. MOTION - M. Broderi ck SECO N D - C. Stone PASSED - 11-0 Motion to require the Level 7 optional music be between 60 and 75 seconds. MOTION - C. Stone SECON D - C. Harrelson PASSED - 11 -0 Motion to allow gymnasts performing the optional routine to use the Level 7 compulsory ribbon music provided the starting position and placement on the floor is different from the compulsory. MOTIO N - C. Stone SECON D - T. Molnar PASSED - 11-0 Motion to amend the awards system for Level 7 & 8. Medals will be given as currently stated for all-around competitors. In addition, rosette ribbons will be awarded for individual events according to the 50% rule up to 6th place. (This is a chang e for the LevelS awards and is an addition to

the Level 7 awards.) MOTIO N - M. Broderi ck SECO D - C. Stone PASSED - 10-1 LevelS Discussion tha t the requiremen ts for Level 8 optiona ls did not allow the judges to dis ting uish between a well-executed basic routine and a wellexecuted more complex routine. Motion to retain the current Level S optional body skill requirements with the addition of two A elements (lleap, 1 pivot) of choice. MOTION - M. Brod eri ck SECO N D - J. Williamson PASSED - 1O-1 Motion to retain the current composition requirements but score composition from 3.S with a bonus of .2; .1 for musicality, .1 for a B difficulty. Execution score to be based on 3.9 with a bonus of .1 for expression. MOTION - A. Svirsky SECO N D - G. Hilliard PASSED -11 -0 Motion to alter the published Level S program for~to RFX, Rope, Hoop, Ribbon. MOTION - M. Broderi ck SECON D - T. Molnar PASSED - 11-0 Motion toalter the published Level S program for l222 to RFX, Ball, Clubs, Ribbon. Motio n: K. Glover Second: M. Brod erick 11-0 PASSED VIII. MEET LIMITS Certain states and regio ns have grown to the poi nt of self-sufficiency in their s tate and reg ional competitions. In vited g uests from o uts ide the s tate or regio n have ca used these meets to become too large in some cases. Other areas rely on o ut-of-state or regio n competitors to rnake their c0 I11 petitio ns finan ciil ll y viable. Motion to allow the meet director in conjunction with State and Regional chairmen to close entry into state and regional meets with first priority for acceptance going to in-state and in-region competitors who meet the entry d eadlines. MOTION - C. Stone SECON D - D. Massad PASSED -1O-1 Motion to require meet information be sent out 8 weeks before the scheduled event, with deadline for entry 4 weeks before the event.. Meet director mus t notify out-of-state/region entries of acceptance at least 21 days prior to the eve nt. MOTION - C. Stone

SECOND - M. Broderi ck PASSED -11-0 Recommendation to coaches not to make travel arrangements until confirmation has been received. Motion to mandate a qu alifying from the State Meet to the Junior Olympic Regional Championships to b e determined by a vote within each region and announced at the USGF Congress. MOTION - T. Molna r SECOND - G. Hilliard PASSED -10-0 (1 absent) Motion that meet fees be non-refund able except for medical reasons w hich are validated by a physician. MOTION - C. Stone SECOND - M. Broderick PASSED - 11 -0 IX. TEAM/CLUB COMPETITIONS With the inclusion of team competition in the O ly mpic Ga mes for 1996, a new progra m was proposed fo r the Junior OlympiC Prog ram . The term "team" refers to w ha t has generally been known as "group."The term group w ill no longer be u sed in rhyt hmic gy mnas tics. Motion to include a Junior Olympic Team Competition for 1993-94. MOTION - C. Stone SECO N D - G. Hillia rd PASSED - 11-0 Motion that the 1993-94 Team program be 4 hoops. MOTION - T. Molnar SECO N D - C. Stone PASSED - 11 -0 Karyn Glover was asked toact as chair of an ad hoc committee to d e termine for mat and requirements for the 1993-94JO Team program . Karyn accepted and w ill be working with volunteers Tracy Ca lla ha n Molna r and Jac kie Scherrer. A report from the a d hoc committee w ill be completed by Jul y 23, 1993, sent to the Rhythmic Program Director, approved by the JOPC a nd presented at Congress. Club Competition Motion to recommend a club competition be held within each region, the criteria and awards to be determined by the region members. MOTION - M. Brod erick SECOND - C. Stone PASSED - 10-0 (1 absent) X. JO CHAMPIONSHIPS Based on the accepted reg iona l reorgani zation, certa in JO Cha mpionships criteria were amended. Motion that each region will qualify five Level 7 and five Level 8 athletes to the JO Championships and those 10 gymnasts will comprise the reg iona l team. MOTION - C. Stone SECO ND - T. Molnar PASSED - 10-0 (1 absen t) Motion to include a "wild card" team atthe JO Champions hips comprise .... of the top five Level 7 and top five Level S athletes based on regional scores after the regional teams have been determined. MOTION - C. Stone SECO N D - T. Molnar PASSED - 10-0 (1 absent) Motion to require that one athlete from each region lead off on one event, athletes from the wild card team will lead off on two events. MOTION - K. Glover SECON D - C. Stone PASSED - 10-0 (1 absent) Motion to determine the regional team score by adding the four highest event scores form each event from both levels 7 & 8. MOTION - C. Stone SECON D - T. Molnar PASSED - 10-0 (1 absent) Motion to require safety certification for coaches at the Junior Olympic Championships. MOTION - C. Lat SECON D - M. Brod erick PASSED - 10-0 (1 absent) X. FOREIGN ATHLETE POLICY Motion to recommend to the USGFBoard of Directors that gymnasts with USA permanent resident status be treated as ci ti zens w ith regard to awards and advancement within the RhythmicJunior Olympic program (Leve l 5-S). Foreign athletes without permanent resident status will fo llow current rules. MOTIO N - A. Svirsky SECON D - K. Glover PASSED -7-4 Nole: The Rhythmic Progra m Director w ill fo rwa rd this recommenda tion to the Athlete's Council for d eba te and recommendation to the Board of Directors. XI RECCOMMEND A TION TO THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Recommendation to the technical committee that judges who are affiliated with a club will not be allowed to judge meets where in which club affiliated gymnasts are participating. An exception may be made if no other judges are available. Recommendation to send four copies of th e judging contract. Two copi pe; will b e retained by the judge; one each will be sentto the reg ional jud, coordinator and the meet director. Due to the lack of commun ication betwee n judges, regional jud g ing coor路 dinator and rneet directors, a recommenda tio n was made to the technica l committee tha t the head judge sho uld contact the meet director to consult about the meet fo rmat, set-up, ro tations .. etc. Meeting ad journed a t 2:20PM on June 27, 1993.

August 1993 TECHNIQUE

EDUCATION/EVENT CALENDAR \

Start No. DiscipDate dals line 8/12/93 R 8/14/93 1 MWR 8/15/93 1 MWR 8/15/93 1 MWR 8/17/93 6 R 8/19/93 5 W 8/19/93 4 MW 1 MWR 8/19/93 8/20/93 3 M 8/20/93 2 MWR 8/21/93 2 MWR 8/22/93 9 W 8/24/93 6 R 8/25/93 4 MW 8/27/93 1 MWR 8/28/93 3 MW 8/28/93 1 W 8/28/93 2 MWR 8/29/93 1 MW 8/29/93 1 MW 2 MWR 9/8/93 2 MWR 9/8/ 93 4 MWR 9/9/93 1 MWR 9/9/93 2 MWR 9/10 / 93 2 W 9/1 2/93 1 R 9/12/93 9/12 /93 1 MWR 9/16 / 93 3 M 1 MWR 9/18/93 1 MWR 9/19/93 9/19/93 1 MWR 9/19 /93 1 MWR 4 W 9/23/93 4 MW 9/23/93 2 MWR 9/23/93 9/24/93 1 MWR 9/24/93 5 R 1 MWR 9/25/93 9/28/93 6 M 9/ 30/93 4 W 1 MWR 9/ 30 / 93 9/30/93 2 MWR 10/3/93 1 MWR 10/8/93 2 MW 10/8/93 3 MWR 10/8/93 3 W 10/14/93 4 W 10/14/93 3 MW 10/ 15/93 1 MWR 10/15/93 2 W 10/21/93 2 MWR 10/22/93 3 W 1 MWR 10/24/93 10/24/93 1 MW 10/26/93 6 R 10/27/93 4 10/28/93 6 M 10/29/93 3 W 10/30/93 9 MW 10/31/93 1 MWR II / TBA W 4 R 11/4/93 11 /5/93 1 MW 15 MW 11/12 /93 4 M 11/12 /93 11/20 /93 MW

Event Sr. National Team Training Camp USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (TBA) Safety Certification Course (12:00 noon-6:00 p.m.) Safety Certification Course (10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.) Junior Olympic Training Camp J.O. National Team Training Camp USGF Coaching Workshop at Lake Owen Camp Safety Certification Course (1 :30 p.m.-5:00 p.m.) Region VI Men's Gymnastics Symposium PDP Level II Sport Science Course USGF/ ACEP Sport Science Course (6:00-9:00 & 10:00-3:00) 11th Int'l Junior Tournament Jr. Elite Training Camp Coca-Cola National Championships Safety Certification Course (8:00 a.m.-l:00 p.m.) International Gymnastics Symposium Broadcast Coca-Cola National Championships PDP Level II Sport Science Course (4:00-8:00 & 9:00-1:00) Broadcast Coca-Cola National Championships USA Gymnastics National Team Meeting PDP Level II Sport Science LTS (8:30 a. m .-9:00 p.m. & 8:30-1 :30) PDP Level II Sport Science Course (3:00-9:00 & 8:30-11 :30 p.m.) USA Gymnastics Na tional Congress Safety Certification Course (5:00 pm-9:00 pm) PDP Level II Sport Science Course (7:00-10:00 & 9:00-3:00) National Team Training Camp (In'l - W) World Championships Trials Safety Certification Course (10:30 am-2:30 pm) FIG Men's Coaches/Judges Symposium Safety Certifica tiion Course (8:00 a.m.-3:00 p .m.) Safety Certifica tion Course (9:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m.) Safety Certifica tion Course (11 :00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) Safety Certification Course 00:00 a. m.-5:00 p.m .) Region I (Nor-Cal) Mini-Congress Na tional Health & Fitness Exhibition PDP Level II Sport Science Course Safety Certification Course (5:00-10:00 pm.) Junior Elite Training Camp Safety Certification Course (Times TBA) Regiona l Development Ca mp Region V Mini-Congress Safety Certificati on Course 12:00-4:00 p.m.) PDP Level II Sport Science Course (5:00-9:00 & 9:00-1:00 p.m .) Safety Certification Course (10:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.) China Cup USA Gymnaestrada Showcase National T.O.P. Testing National Team Training Camp (Nat. - W) 29th Annual Texas Coaches Meeting (GAT) Safety Certification Course (9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.) Michigan State Congress PDP Level II Sport Science Course (5:00-9:00 & 5:00-9:00 p.m.) Region VII Mini-Congress Safety Certification Course (9:00-3:00 pm.) Broadcast San Jose Gymnastics Spectacular World Championships Team Training Camp Olympic Congress of the USA Regional Development Camp Region VI Mini-Congress South African Cup Safety Certification Course (9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.) Ca tania Rhythmic World Championships Inagural World Gymnastics Challenge Nikon Internati onal Jr. Team Olympic. Development Program Eva luati on Chunichi Cup

C~ C~ o. Spgs

STI CO CO

Contact Nora Hitzel Indianapolis USA Gymnastics IN Oldsmar FL Toni Rand St. Louis MO Eddie Smith Colo. Spgs. CO Nora Hitzel Colo. Spgs. CO Connie Maloney Dave Moskovitz Cable Wl Steve Whitlock Cable Wl S. Hadley MA Mike Jacobson Indianapolis IN Ed Gibson Dave Moskovitz Cable Wl Yokohama/Sabae JPN Kathy Kelly Nora Hitzel Colo. Spgs. CO Salt Lake City UT Allison Melangton Suzanne Suckow Salt Lake City UT Ankara TUR Atilla Orsel NBC Julie Bejin Papillion NE Christine Ebert NBC Julie Bejin Salt Lake City UT Allison Melangton Atlanta GA Dave Moskovitz Atlanta GA Christin e Ebert Kathy Brown Atlanta GA Atlanta GA USA Gymnastics Atlanta GA C. Ebert Kathy Kelly Atlanta GA Atlanta GA Nora Hi tzel Atlanta GA USA Gymnastics Logano SUI Robert Cowan Waukesha WI Ralph Drueke Westminster MD John Perna New York City NY Joan Hicks Don Davis Raleigh NC Santa Clara CA Dublin IRE CA H. Fujimoto Santa Clara Tacoma WA Leigh Eaton Nora Hitzel Colo. Spgs. CO Dave Moskovitz Santa Clara CA Robert Cowan Colo. Spgs. CO Cincinnati OH Jeff Metzger Cincinatti OH Jeff Metzger Cincinnati OH Jeff Metzger Flemington NJ Cathy Finkel CHN Cowan / Kelly Beijing Indianapolis IN Christine Ebert TOPs Coord. Indianapolis IN Kathy Kelly CO Colo. Spgs. B.Schenk Austin TX Rochester MI Jerry Reighard Rochester MI Judy Freiheit Baltimore MD Jan Greenhawk Baltimore MD Jan Greenhawk Baltimore MD Jan Greenhawk ESPN Julie Bejin Lake Placid NY Nora Hitzel New York NY USOC Robert Cowan Colo. Spgs. CO Marlboro MA Kathy Feldmann Durbin / Pretoria RSA Cowan/Kelly Baltin10re MD Jan Greenhawk Catania ITA Ka thy Kell y Alicante ESP Nora Hitzel Toronto CAN Cowan/Kelly Sydney AUS Cowan/Kelly Robert Cowan Colo. Spgs. CO Nagoya JPN Cowan / Kelly

"" Tentative

TECHNIQUE August 1993

Phone 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 305-972-4947 314-878-5294 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 508-771-2118 219-736-5600 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 (4) 310 44 70 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 414-782-3430 410-848-2771 203-924-8666 919-790-9400

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USA GYlllnastics

SAFETY CERTIFICATION COURSES Sunday, August 1 So. Burlington, VT- 10:00 am-4:00 pm Champlain Valley Gymnastics 21 Berard Dr. So. Burlington, VT 05403 Course Oir.: Woodie Clifton (802) 863-4714 Thursday, August 5 Wood ward, PA - 5:30 pm-9:30 pm Woodward Gymnastics Camp P.O. Box 93 Woodward, PA 16882 Course Oir.: Michael Rizzuto/ Dave Moskovitz Phone: (317) 237-5050 Tllis course will be held ill conillllctioll with tile USA Gymnastics Summer (CHlches Workshop.

Sunday, August 15 Oldsmar, FL- 12:00 noon-6:00 pm Gemini School of Gymnastics Oldsmar, FL Course Oir.: O.J. Milem (904) 641-9966 Local Contact: Toni Rand (305) 972-4947 This COl/1st ruifl be held ill coni"llctioll with the women's stale elillic.

St. Louis, MO- 10:00 am-4:00 pm St. Louis Gymnastics Center 315 W. Pacific St. Louis, MO 63119

Course Oir.: Eddie Smith (314) 878-5294 Thursday, August 19 Cable, WI - 1:30 pm-5:00 pm Lake Owen Camp HC 60, Box 60 Cable, WI 54821 Course Oir.: Steve Whitlock/ Dave Moskovitz Phone: (317) 237-5050 This collrse will be held in COlljll1lclioll with the USA Gymnastics Slimmer Conches Works/lOp.

Friday, August 27 Salt Lake City, UT- 8:00 am-l :00 pm Call USGF for further details. This course will be held in conjunction with the U.S. Championships. Thursday, September 9 Atlanta, GA- 5:00 pm-9:00 pm Atlanta Marriott Marquis 265 Peachtree Center Ave. Atlanta, GA 30303 Call USA Gymnastics for further details. This COl/1st will be held ill conjullction with fhe USGF

No/jOlla /Congress.

Sunday, September 12 Atlanta, GA-1O:30 am-2:30 pm Atlanta Marriott Marquis 265 Peachtree Center Ave.

Atlanta, GA 30303 Call USGF for further details.

Friday, September 24 Tacoma, WA - 5:00 pm-9:00 pm Lakewood YMCA-Board Room Tacoma, WA Course Oir.: Leigh Eaton (206) 874-1363

This COllrse will be 11t?ld ill conjllnctioll with the USGF Natiollol Congress.

Saturday, September 18 Waukesha, WI-8:00 am-3:00 pm Holiday Inn 2417 Bluemond Rd. Waukesha, WI, 53186 Course Oir.: Ralph Oruecke (414) 782-3430

Saturday, September 30 Cincinnati, OH-12:00 noon-5:00 pm Course Oir.: Dave Moskoviz/Steve Whilock (317) 237-5050 Local Contact: Jeff Metzger (513) 489-7575

Sunday, September 19 New York City, NY-II :00 am-5:00 pm Sutton Gymnastics 20 Cooper Square New York City, NY 10003 Course Oir.: Joan Hicks (203) 924-8666

This cOllrse will be Ile/d ;11 [onjllllctioll witll tlU! Region V Mil/i·Congress.

Sunday, October 3 Flemington, NJ- 10:00 am-6:00 pm Gymnastics Unlimited RO#5 Box 80 Flemington, NJ 08822 Course Oir.: Cathy Finkel (201) 586-1808

Raleigh, NC-I0:00 am-5:00 pm North Raleigh Gymnastics 7221 Becky Circle Raleigh, NC 27615 Course Oir.: Don Davis (919) 790-9400 Local Contact: Jean Davis

Friday, October 15 Rochester, MI Gymnastics Training Center of Rochester Course Oir.: Jerry Reighard (51 7) 774-6696

Westminister, MO-9:00 am-2:00 pm Perna Gym Club 3100 Littletown Pike Westminster, MO 21158 Course Oir.: John Perna (410) 848-2771

Th is cOllrse will be held;lI [Of/jullctioll with the Michigall State Congress.

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This course will be held ill conjllllctioll with the Regioll VfI Mini,Collgress.

1. The text book for the Certification Course is the USGF GYMNASTICS SAFETY MANUAL. This textlreference manual is to be purchased and studied prior to course participation.

Course Director: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Course Location: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _____ Date: _ _ _ __

Sunday, October 24 Baltimore, MO-9:00 am-3:00 pm Baltimore Holiday Inn Course Oir.: Billy Bob Taylor Local Contact: Jan Greenhawk (410) 859-8400

4. The Course/examination fee is $100.00. USA Gymnastics members and second cycle recertification is $75,00. Retest cost is $25.00. For groups of at least 5, contact the USA Gymnastics Department of Safety and Education.