VICTORIAN STYLES: 1880-1910 The historical changes that marked an end to the isolation of Utah Territory in the late nineteenth century are also reflected in the architecture of this period. The great variety of styles popular in other parts of the country appeared during the 1880s in and around Salt Lake City, and by the 1890s their presence was also felt in the rural areas of the state. Most of these styles, popular during America's Victorian age, emphasized the conventions of the Picturesque, but two styles—Beaux Arts Classicism and Second Renaissance Revival—relied strongly upon bilateral symmetry. The Picturesque characteristics of irregularity, intricacy, and variety present in the Gothic Revival and the Italianate styles discussed in the previous chapter were extended and elaborated upon during the latter decades of the nineteenth century. Domestic architecture best exemplified these characteristics, l^te-iuneteenth-century houses were asymmetrical, complex compositions, often of disparate elements, their wall surfaces highly textured and usually intricate, their external surfaces extensively decorated. This conscious effort to achieve visual complexity was not usually achieved by the use of one style; instead, forms and elements from a number of stylistic sources were combined into highly eclectic residences. Indeed, much of this period's architecture has been classified by some scholars as 'Picturesque Eclecticism." The goal of visual complexity was achieved using a variety of different house types, some which were carried over from earlier periods. The side-passage plan popular in the Classical and Picturesque periods is also found in the larger houses of the Victorian period, although in some instances this plan type underwent alteration by expanding the passage into a more formal entrance hall or lobby. The cross-wing house type associated with the Picturesque period also continued to appear in the Victorian period. But at least one new form developed during this period:
Fig. 178: Victorian Eclectic house, c. 1895, Nephi, Juab County. The mighty gesture of the tower in this eclectic design creates an asymmetrical facade composed of brick masonry, rock-faced masonry, and rock-faced brick in combination with a variety of arched openings and window styles.
the "central block with projecting wings." Roughly square in plan with projecting bays, this type was crowned by either a hipped or a pyramidal roof. The Queen Anne and Eastlake are the best-known styles of this period, both influenced by nineteenth-century English architects. Indigenous to the United States are the contemporaneous Stick and Shingle 110
