Office of Sustainability | UWM Climate Action-Carbon & Resilience Plan | 2022

CLIMATE

PLAN

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Climate change poses risks to our natural environment, infrastructure, financial systems, and campus community. UWM’s research, teaching and community contributions serve a unique role to meet the challenges of climate resilience in our Great Lakes environment. The Climate Action-Carbon & Resilience plan features an assessment of UWM’s strengths and vulnerabilities in the face of current and future climate challenges, provides proactive solutions to reduce emissions and minimize future environmental impacts (mitigation), and lays out responses to climate impacts we cannot avoid (adaptation).

In 2020, over ninety campus and community stakeholders embarked on a two-year planning process. Despite the pandemic, campus remained engaged, perhaps even more so, with online planning easier to access and schedule. The advisory team crafted a vision for a 5-year plan that sets strategic goals to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 and to increase climate resilience. Catalytic Projects for each Scope of Emissions and Category of Resilience drive the initial implementation of the plan.

Mitigating emissions will focus on research needed to move the central plant off fossil fuels, garnering large scale renewable energy off-site, and using existing research to prioritize impactful ways of shifting the single-car commuting culture by at least 20%.

Planning responses to climate impacts we can’t avoid starts with assessing environmental, infrastructure, and community assets for their vulnerabilities and strengths. Adapting to climate change means developing better local climate data, enhancing efforts already driven at student wellness and climate justice, and identifying and prioritizing highly-impacted areas of campus. By simultaneously bringing together mitigation and adaptation strategies in the planning process, UWM makes efficient use of our time and resources, identifying win-win solutions.

Ultimately, UWM’s strength in sustainability and climate resilience research & curriculum will serve to support on- and off-campus resilience efforts through a climate center (including highlighting career pathways across UWM degree programs to address the growing need for trained professionals to study and address climate challenges). The plan is built through a better understanding of Wisconsin’s climate, a highly engaged campus community, and a shared governance commitment to a sustainable future for UWM.

BASELINE INFORMATION

Climate Hazards

The science is clear. Human activities have led to an increase in greenhouse gases (GHG’s) in our atmosphere estimated to have caused roughly 1.0°C of global warming above pre-industrial levels. Global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels between 2030 and 2052 (IPCC 2018). Warming at and above this level will cause severe differences in regional climate characteristics compared to the present-day. Communities around the world are already experiencing the impacts of these climatic changes, from prolonged wildfire seasons, to melting Arctic sea ice, to coastal flooding and heavier precipitation in several regions.

While historically Wisconsin has not been impacted to the degree of some coastal cities and drier areas of the US, Wisconsin is not immune to the impacts of our warming Earth. The Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts (WICCI) analyzed data from a global network of observations compiled by the National Climatic Data Center to show that Wisconsin has become 2.1°F warmer since the 1950’s and that annual precipitation has increased by about 15% over that same time period.

Winters are warming more rapidly than summers and much of the precipitation increases have occurred during spring and fall seasons. In addition, research shows that very extreme events, such as 100-, 500-, and 1000-year storms are most strongly affected by a warming climate, and more likely.

Warmer Temperatures & Extreme Heat

More Rainfall & More Extreme Storms

BASELINE INFORMATION

Climate Hazards (continued)

Using downscaled climate data (taking global climate model projections and combining them with local observations to produce estimates of climate variations on a local scale), the Nelson Institute Center for Climatic Research projects extreme heat days over 90°F will likely triple and hot nights quadruple by mid-century.

In addition, Wisconsin is likely to become wetter over the coming century, especially in the winter, spring, and fall. Extreme precipitation events (days with 2 or more inches of rain) will likely occur more frequently (shown in graphic).

The impacts of global warming are already being felt across Wisconsin. The harms of an increasingly warmer and wetter climate include: overwhelming the capacity of local infrastructure, health impacts such as heat-related illness, deaths from dangerous weather events, infectious disease spread by mosquitoes and ticks, as well as reduced crop yields.

Number of Extremely Hot Days Per Year

Frequency of Extreme Rainfall

BASELINE

UWM Emissions History by Scope

What are the main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally and at UWM? Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor absorb infrared radiation, trapping heat in the atmosphere. Emissions can arise from different activities such as burning fuel for energy, industrial processes, and some farm activities, all exacerbated by deforestation and habitat loss. Increasing concentrations of such gases (primarily carbon dioxide) caused by human actions have led to climate change.

At UWM, emissions are created primarily through burning natural gas for the central heating and cooling plant, consuming electricity from the power grid, and by solo car commuting of students, faculty, and staff.

Emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by UW-Milwaukee are “Scope 1”, such as natural gas burned to heat campus buildings. Indirect emissions from sources that are neither owned nor operated by UW-Milwaukee but whose products are directly linked to on-campus energy consumption, such as purchased electricity, are “Scope 2”. Other emissions attributed to UWM, that are neither operated or owned by UWM but are either directly financed (like air travel paid by UWM) or are heavily linked to campus operations, like commuting, are “Scope 3” emissions.

BASELINE

UWM Emissions History by Scope (continued)

Since Fiscal Year 2005, UWM’s Scope 1 and 2 emissions have decreased by 20% and overall emissions have decreased over 30%. The largest decrease has occurred in Scope 3 emissions, though this decrease is largely due to increasing methodological accuracy in Transportation Surveys since 2008 and a smaller campus population rather than large shifts in commute mode. Strategic energy efficiency programs have reduced Scope 1 emissions. Scope 2 emissions have declined due to electric efficiency efforts as well, but the majority of the decrease is from UWM’s associated electrical grid network using less coal and more natural gas.

Pandemic closures slightly reduced Scopes 1 & 2 emissions and significantly dropped Scope 3 commuting emissions. Thus, the performance year for this report is Fiscal Year 2019.

BASELINE INFORMATION

Resilience Assessment

UWM’s Resilience Assessment is used to assess strengths and vulnerabilities of campus and community assets in the face of current and future climate hazards. To address both campus and community needs, the plan was developed in collaboration with community partners such as the City of Milwaukee, MATC, and Milwaukee County, and compliments the regional Resilience Plan developed by the Metropolitan Milwaukee Sewerage District.

Using elements of the Nature Conservancy’s Community Building Resilience Framework, UWM characterized past, current, and future climate impacts, identified strengths and vulnerabilities in the face of those impacts, and prioritized actions to reduce vulnerabilities and reinforce strengths.

main climate hazards of a warmer, wetter Wisconsin contribute to both shocks and stresses for

community. Examples include overwhelmed sewer systems and increased likelihood of vector-born disease from ticks and mosquitoes. Campus stakeholders prioritized actions for UWM to better quantify risks, as well as support actions already underway that strengthen stormwater capture, campus wellness, and commuting. UWM’s full Resilience Assessment can be found within the C&R MIRO board here (Password: Panthers).

Impacts from Climate Hazards:

V ISION & TARGETS

Vision

UWM will reduce greenhouse gases by 2050 to meet international, science-based targets and enhance our campus community‘s health and well-being. UWM will play a leading role on climate action in the Milwaukee region through community-based research, student experiential learning, administrative innovation, and organizational partnerships.

Targets

• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions 45% from 2010 baseline levels by 2030.

• Achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 relative to 2010 levels

• Enhance adaptive capacity and strengthen resilience of UWM’s infrastructure, environment, and community. Set specific targets upon detailed implementation.

Assumptions

• Climate Change exacerbates societal, environmental, and economic challenges, especially those already affecting vulnerable communities.

• There is no new normal. Weather events will fluctuate across extremes (precipitation and temperature).

• The climate & public health impacts of one extra ton of CO2 emitted is calculated in the “social cost” of carbon.

• Southeast Wisconsin may expect a population increase as a climate haven with key water resources. Forward-thinking policies must be made to ensure equitable development.

Most

CATALYTIC PROJECTS

Mitigation Projects (Reduce GHGs to minimize future impacts)

Scope 1 Emissions (Heating & Cooling, UWM Fleet) Catalytic Project

ownership

Least

Strategically plan for the heating/cooling plant of the future, taking into consideration two major points: First study the positive feedback loop of warming waters and higher demands for cooling over the next 30+ years. Second, plan for substantial upgrades based on useful life and reducing fossil use.

Scope 2 Emissions (Purchased Electricity & Steam) Catalytic Project

Implement both on-site & off-site renewable electrical energy. Consider resilient backup power on-site, what can be done locally, and projects that support students and equity. In order to meet 100% renewable electricity, consider future efficiencies & off-site power purchase agreements.

Scope 3 Emissions (Commuting & Purchased Goods) Catalytic Project

Build capacity in the Office of Sustainability & Transportation Services to support alternative commuter options that reduce emissions. Build off existing UWM-specific research. Support commuters through transportation demand management that includes but is not limited to: Full implementation of the 2018 Bike Hub Study, lobbying for the HOP and future BRT connections to UWM, and establishing long distance frequent fliers for outlying suburban connections to UWM.

Adaptation Projects (Plan responses to climate impacts UWM can’t avoid)

Community Catalytic Project

Address any current gaps in support of student welfare based on climate impacts on their physical, mental, and financial health. Continue to build support around food insecurity, the Student Health & Wellness Center, and affordable transportation for those whose commutes are most impacted by weather.

Environmental Catalytic Project

Update the UWM stormwater master plan to meet the most current climate predictions/projections. Implement findings into all campus capital developments.

Infrastructure Catalytic Project

Mitigate flood damage and other climate hazards to existing and future buildings and steam tunnels on campus. Address salt damage to infrastructure as well.

Underlying Research & Curriculum Catalytic Project

Develop an Institute of Climate Resilience to align and support interdisciplinary research, curriculum, and experiential learning on sustainability and climate resilience in Southeast Wisconsin. Assess current research and curriculum offerings and develop resources to build upon what UWM offers as well as bring in new, relevant talent.

Climate Mitigation: Scope 1

Building Heating/Cooling & Fleet HISTORY

BUILDING HEATING/COOLING

2005-2010: Increase in energy use across campus due to expanding space and enrollment, aging buildings/systems in need of renovation 2010-2014: Over 4M gsf of campus included in Performance Contracting which significantly reduces the energy/gsf of campus facilities 2014-Current: Work by Facility Services maintains energy efficiency measures

FLEET VEHICLES

Numerous alternative fuel vehicles were in use in the early 2000s under a directive from former Gov. Thompson. This included a CNG fueling facility at USR. CNG vehicles were gradually phased out as they aged. Some flex-fuel vehicles have been purchased but the vast majority use regular unleaded gasoline or diesel as fuel.

BASELINE INFORMATION

SCOPE 1: Direct emissions from sources that are owned and/or controlled by UWMilwaukee (e.g. combustion of fossil fuels in UWM’s heat plant, fugitive emissions from refrigerants, fossil fuels used in UWM’s fleet vehicles).

Building Heating & Cooling

CURRENT STATE

The on-site burning of fossil fuels to heat buildings creates UWM’s largest source of Scope 1 emissions. The main campus is served by the Central Heat Plant and the Lake Michigan Pump House to heat and cool Kenwood Campus buildings. Satellite buildings (residence halls on North Avenue, the Zilber School of Public Health downtown, and the Wauwatosa Innovation Campus) are served by inbuilding boilers. The School of Continuing Education and the School of Freshwater Sciences are primarily served by We Energies downtown steam loop for heating (a Scope 2 emissions source).

TAKEAWAYS

Campus heating has gone down due to energy conservation measures, continuous work and maintenance by Facility Services, and efficiency measures instituted at the Heat Plant

Emissions are directly correlated to the amount of fossil heating fuel used

IDEAL STATE

Low-carbon heating

Fleet Vehicles

CURRENT STATE

UWM has roughly 100 fleet vehicles used by departments across campus (Grounds, UWM Police, Facility Services and departmental use). Vehicles include vans, cars, trucks, service vehicles, and smaller specialty vehicles such as Kubota’s, parking patrol vehicles, and golf carts.

TAKEAWAYS

Very few campus vehicles use nonfossil-fuel burning technology

IDEAL STATE

Zero emissions fleet

SCOPE 1

Strategically plan for the heating/cooling plant of the future, taking into consideration two major points:

First study the positive feedback loop of warming waters and higher demands for cooling over the next 30+ years.

Second, plan for substantial upgrades based on useful life and reducing fossil use.

1 Climate Solutions

Utilize Space efficiently: to avoid/reduce inefficient energy use

Lower EUI each year: EUI (Energy Use Intensity) can be improved through energy conservation measures as well as constructing/renovating buildings to target energy performance thresholds. Most heating is currently from fossil fuels; reductions in energy use will lower UWM emissions.

Switch to Fossil-fuel free fuel sources: Heating and cooling through fossilfree sources is imperative to meet science-based reductions without carbon capture technology. This includes thermal energy storage.

Offset fossil-fuel purchases: Offset fossil-fuel emissions through purchased credits or carbon capture and sequestration. Credits should be purchased through local partnerships to drive economic benefits and low-carbon transformation as geographically close to UWM as possible.

Convert fleet and fleet infrastructure for non-fossil fuel burning vehicles in partnership with the DOA and UW System.

Use University research to accelerate progress toward low-carbon solutions for heating & cooling and vehicle use.

Climate Mitigation: Scope

Building Power & Electricity Consumption HISTORY

2005-2010: Increase in energy use across campus due to expanding space and enrollment, aging buildings/systems in need of renovation 2010-2014: Over 4M gsf of campus included in Performance Contracting which significantly reduces the energy/gsf of campus facilities 2014-Current: Work by Facility Services maintains energy efficiency measures

BASELINE INFORMATION

SCOPE 2: Indirect emissions from sources that are neither owned nor operated by UWM, but whose products are directly linked to on-campus energy consumption. UWM’s utility provider burns fossil fuels to make the electricity or steam UWM uses.

TAKEAWAYS

We Energies delivers electricity to all UWM facilities (roughly 81,000,000 kWh/yr of electricity across all campus facilities). Six renewable energy demonstration projects produce roughly 165,000 kWh/yr (approximately 0.25% of campus electric use). In addition, the WI Department of Administration purchases renewable energy attributes on behalf of State of Wisconsin entities (corresponding to 7% of UWM’s electric use).

Electricity consumption remains steady

Emissions going down due to less coal-fired generation on the grid (and reliance on natural gas).

Consumption per GSF has gone down since a high in 2007, but per student has risen (most electric consumption is not tied to the amount of users [or plug load] at UWM, but day-to-day operation of buildings).

The School of Continuing Education within the Plankinton building on Wisconsin Avenue and the School of Freshwater Sciences within Milwaukee’s Inner Harbor are primarily served by We Energies downtown steam loop for heating.

TAKEAWAYS

in the last 10 years as the Valley Power Plant switched from coal to natural gas as a fuel source

CATALYTIC PROJECT: SCOPE 2

Implement both on-site & off-site renewable electrical energy. Consider resilient backup power on-site, what can be done locally, and projects that support students and equity. In order to meet 100% renewable electricity, consider future efficiencies & off-site power purchase agreements.

Scope 2 Climate Solutions

Utilize Space efficiently: to avoid/reduce inefficient energy use

Lower EUI each year: EUI (Energy Use Intensity) can be improved through energy conservation measures as well as constructing/renovating buildings to target energy performance thresholds. Most electricity is currently provided from fossil fuel sources; reductions in energy use will lower UWM emissions.

Use of Fossil-fuel free electricity: Harness fossil-fuel free energy sources to power or offset electric load.

University Research to Accelerate progress toward low carbon technologies: Research to aid grid modernization, greening of grid: Use research strengths at UWM to accelerate progress towards implementable low-carbon solutions for a greener grid that is reliable and resilient in the face of climate impacts.

Waste & Purchased

COMMUTING

BASELINE INFORMATION

SCOPE 3: Other emissions attributed to UWM that arise from sources that are neither operated or owned by UWM, but are either directly financed (e.g. air travel paid by UWM) or are heavily linked to campus operations. Main sources of emissions include commuting, directly financed transportation in non-UWM vehicles, study abroad travel, purchased goods, and waste and wastewater.

CURRENT STATE

Commuting is the largest source of UWM’s Scope 3 emissions and is largely dependent on where students, faculty, and staff live as well as the history of transportation development and the built environment in the Milwaukee area. Single passenger car commutes account for over 80% of UWM’s commuting emissions.

Commuting Waste

CURRENT STATE

Recycling has increasingly been handled by campus to take advantage of dedicated markets (e.g. cardboard). Local landfills feature methane gasto-energy technology (limiting emissions). UWM surplus returns over $300k worth of like-value goods to campus each year, saving departments money while increasing the lifespan of purchases.

Purchased Goods

Purchased goods on campus (e.g. paper purchases, cleaning supplies, furniture, food, electronics) have an environmental and emissions footprint associated with production, distribution, use, and end-of-life.

TAKEAWAYS

Campus commuting emissions are heavily dependent on the mode of transportation used and distance from UWM (due to limited access to regional alternative transportation options). Planning should focus on distance and mode.

IDEAL STATE

Diverse local commute options

TAKEAWAYS

Impact of waste and purchasing includes life-cycle emissions and environmental effects. UWM has increasingly more options to study, learn, and pivot to changing market conditions.

IDEAL STATE

Regenerative material streams

TAKEAWAYS

Additional research on purchased goods is necessary to measure UWM’s environmental impact (upstream).

IDEAL STATE

Minimal supply chain emissions Support local economy

CATALYTIC PROJECT: SCOPE 3

Build capacity in the Office of Sustainability & Transportation Services to support alternative commuter options that reduce emissions. Build off existing UWM- specific research. Support commuters through transportation demand management that includes but is not limited to: Full implementation of the 2018 Bike Hub Study, lobbying for the HOP and future BRT connection to UWM, and establishing long distance frequent fliers for outlying suburban connections to UWM.

Scope 3 Climate Solutions

Less intense fossil-fuel transportation:

Support commuter mode switch, remote work, and near-campus living. Research and promote regional alternative transportation solutions. Prioritize campus culture impact.

Reduce waste resources while increasing control and flexibility: Increase operational oversight of waste resources in order to minimize emissions and take advantage of dedicated market economics/know that recycling streams are being reused effectively.

Prioritize upstream purchases with greatest impact on local economy and emissions:

Study institutional purchases to determine highest impact on emissions and local economy. Prioritize alternatives to high-life cycle emissions purchases.

& IN-THE-WORKS

SHORT & LONG-TERM ACTIONS

to

Safe Streets through

FURTHER RESEARCH NEEDED

Climate Resilience: Community

HISTORY

2017- the UWM Food Center & Pantry opens

2022 - The Student Health & Welness Center moves to Northwest Quad

UWM’s Dean of Students Office helps students navigate serious challenges such as health emergencies, personal tragedies, or unexpected financial struggles that may impact their college experience.

Student Support Team UWM Emergency Grants

BASELINE INFORMATION

COMMUNITY

Climate change is slated to alter the frequency and severity of extreme rain and heat events in Milwaukee, causing physical and financial disturbances in UWM student, faculty, and staff lives. Physical and financial disturbances are known to be among the main reasons students drop out in the U.S. Studies, work, and research will be disrupted as climate change affects housing, utilities, health care, transportation, and food access. While the UWM population faces many threats to resiliency, assessing the risk of impact from climate hazards will help prepare for the care and preparation needed to withstand such headwinds. On-campus resources like the Student Health and Wellness Center and the UWM Food Center and Pantry serve as strengths in the face of current and future climate impacts.

Data: As of 2019, UW-Milwaukee consisted of 24,955 students enrolled for credit, with 20,897 full-time equivalent enrollments. Full time staff and faculty total 3,707. 34.7% of UWM students qualify for PELL grants, one indicator of income level, highest in the UW-System. Currently 15.8% of UWM staff make below the “Living Wage” ($16.27) for a family of four in Milwaukee. The UWM community is unique and its needs, within the city, will also be unique as they relate to the impacts of climate change.

CATALYTIC PROJECT: COMMUNITY

Address any current gaps in support of student welfare based on climate impacts on their physical, mental, and financial health. Continue to build support around food insecurity, the Student Health & Wellness Center, and affordable transportation for those whose commutes are impacted by weather.

Actions to Improve Resilience

Operations & Programming:

Fund and implement operational and programming efforts on campus to address community health, food insecurity, commuting and housing.

Curriculum & Experiential Learning for Students:

Provide curricular and experiential learning activities to aid vulnerable communities in Milwaukee and Southeast Wisconsin.

Research:

Research climate impacts on social and community assets, provide research insight to local entities in need of aid.

COMPLETED & IN-THE-WORKS

SHORT & LONG-TERM ACTIONS

UWM efforts finalized or currently underway Achievable measures given existing conditions and knowledge

FURTHER RESEARCH NEEDED

Engage UWM teaching & research to advance the idea

Operations & Programming:

UWM Food Center & Pantry

Student Health & Wellness Center

Multi-modal transportation options

UWM offers community health services

Curriculum & Experiential

for

Research:

areas

UWM

On-campus healthcare to address climate stressors

Excessive heat cooling site

Neighborhood Housing outreach efforts

Ongoing research across campus including, but not limited to:

School of Public Health School of Freshwater Sciences

Helen Bader School of Social Welfare

with Urban Ecology Center & neighborhood

to elevate

with

on climate

& local challenges

impacts

Explore Climate Resilience Institute/ Center

Climate Resilience: Environment

HISTORY

A stormwater master plan (UWM as a Zero Discharge Zone) was approved through shared governance.

UWM honored with Tree Campus USA

Field Station programs support research, education, and public outreach

departments across

include research addressing

BASELINE INFORMATION

ENVIRONMENT

The UWM campus is dependent on ecosystems and environmental resources locally as well as around the world. UWM oversight and ownership of environmental resources consists of its gardens, manicured landscapes, as well as multiple natural areas. The main campus as well as UW-Milwaukee at Washington County are part of the Milwaukee River watershed that drains into Lake Michigan. UW-Milwaukee at Waukesha County is within the Fox River watershed and drains to the Mississippi River. All three depend on Lake Michigan for drinking water now that Waukesha has been approved to divert Lake Michigan water for municipal water use under the Great Lakes Compact. UWM natural areas provide ecosystem services such as erosion control, storm water absorption, and air quality.

Climate Change is slated to alter the frequency and severity of extreme rain and heat events in Milwaukee, causing physical disruption in our environmental resources. Campus stakeholders identified the following key impacts from current and future climate hazards (vulnerabilities to and strengths in the face of current and future climate hazards).

Vulnerabilities

Strengths

Vulnerabilities

to Improve Resilience

Operations & Programming:

Climate Resilience: Infrastructure

HISTORY

Facility Services maintains buildings and grounds at UWM.

2017 - UWM’s Grounds department begins applying a salt brine solution in advance of snowfall to help prevent ice buildup. The aim is to reduce salt usage and reduce the number of slip and fall accidents across campus.

UWM employs non-contact water from Lake Michigan in the campus cooling system, dramatically improving the energy efficiency of the system.

BASELINE INFORMATION

INFRASTRUCTURE

Climate change is slated to alter the frequency and severity of extreme rain and heat events in Milwaukee, causing associated disturbances that threaten infrastructural assets, which makes it imperative to assess risks and prepare cost-effective responses. UWM sits on roughly 100 acres of land surrounded by residences on the east side of Milwaukee. Satellite campuses include buildings in Milwaukee’s Inner Harbor (School of Freshwater Sciences), Tosa Innovation Park (Innovation Campus Accelerator Building), East Side (Cambridge Commons and Riverview Residence Halls, Kenilworth Building), downtown (School of Public Health, School of Continuing Education), and the two-year campuses (UW-Milwaukee at Waukesha, UW- Milwaukee at Washington County).

All of these facilities are comprised of physical assets that empower UWM’s operations, research, and teaching: from electricity, to occupant comfort, to protection from the elements. Infrastructure assets provide needed power and energy for research activities on campus. Building systems regulate occupant comfort across campus buildings. A series of streets and sidewalks facilitate movement between campus buildings. Campus fleet vehicles transport students safely to and from campus. Campus stakeholders highlighted the following impacts from current and future climate hazards (vulnerabilities to and strengths in the face of current and future climate hazards).

Climate

Vulnerabilities

CATALYTIC PROJECT: INFRASTRUCTURE

Mitigate flood damage and other climate hazards to existing and future buildings and steam tunnels on campus. Address salt damage to infrastructure as well.

Actions to Improve Resilience

Operations & Programming:

Fund and implement operational improvements and programming on campus to make UWM operations more resilient in the face of climate impacts.

Curriculum & Experiential Learning for Students: Provide curricular and experiential learning activities (e.g. Living Learning Lab) on campus to address climate-related infrastructure challenges.

Research:

Research climate impacts on UWM assets, provide research insight to UWM resilience challenges.

LEGEND

COMPLETED & IN-THE-WORKS

SHORT & LONG-TERM ACTIONS

UWM efforts finalized or currently underway Achievable measures given existing conditions and knowledge

FURTHER RESEARCH NEEDED

Engage UWM teaching & research to advance the idea

Operations & Programming:

Curriculum & Experiential Learning for Students:

Research:

Window Replacement Dress for the weather Downspout/roof drain cleaning

Multi-modal transportation options

Energy alternatives & Envelope study

Map flooding issues on campus

Update/implement stormwater Master Plan

Electrification of campus fleet

Updated building envelopes

Backup renewable energy generation

Lake water cooling savings

Review standards to meet current climate research/ down-scale climate impacts to campus

Explore Climate Resilience Center

Energy & Infrastructure Replacement Masterplan Safe work BMPs

Rethink summer bldg use Re-examine De-Icing Applications

Lake Temp Warming & Efficiency Loss

Develop predictive modeling for risk of slips & falls across campus

Appendicies:

Detailed Climate Solutions

APPENDICES:

APPENDICES:

DETAILED CLIMATE SOLUTIONS

Climate solutions on the proceding pages were developed by a group of 90+ stakeholders across campus. Solutions were first identified by implementation timeline (Completed & In-the-works, Short & Long-Term Actions that have get to begin, and solutions that need Further Research before a solution can be identified). The solutions next were evaluated against a set of criteria including emissions reduction impact, how well the solution addressed local resilience priorities, maintenance requirements, capital cost, primary stakeholders, tie-ins to existing planning efforts and curriculum, as well as whether the solution has co-benefits or trade-offs between emissions reductions and local resilience. The following pages show examples of climate solutions that address emissions reductions as well as local resilience. Comprehensive information about all detailed climate solutions can be found here.

Below is a further breakdown of the emissions reduction, maintenance requirement, and capital cost criteria.

EMISSIONS REDUCTION IMPACT ($, HEALTH, ECOSYSTEM)

Scope 1 & 2 Emissions Reduction

Low = 0%-5% Based on 2005 levels

Medium = 5%-15% Based on 2005 levels

High = Over 15% Based on 2005 levels

MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

Scope 1 Emissions Reduction

Low = 0-1,550 MTCDE (~0-5%)

Medium = 1,550-4650 MTCDE (~5-15%)

High = Over 4,650 MTCDE (~15%+)

Maintenance Requirements

Minimal - Little to no maintenance impact on UWM

On-going - Maintenance commensurate with current maintenance

High - Major shift in maintenance concerns due to labor, equipment, etc.

CAPITAL COST

Scope 2 or 3 Emissions Reduction

Low = 0-3,000 MTCDE (~0-5%)

Medium = 3,000-15,000 MTCDE (~5-15%)

High = Over 15,000 MTCDE (~15%+)

Capital Cost

Low = No-Minimal cost (or replacement of similar value)

Medium = Outside of typical yearly inhouse budget

High = Major capital expenditures

APPENDICES:

DETAILED CLIMATE SOLUTIONS SCOPE 1 EXAMPLES

APPENDICES:

DETAILED CLIMATE SOLUTIONS

APPENDICES:

DETAILED ACTIONS TO IMPROVE RESILIENCE

ENVIRONMENT - ACTIONS TO IMPROVE RESILIENCE EXAMPLES

APPENDICES:

DETAILED ACTIONS TO IMPROVE RESILIENCE