1975-76_v16,n37_Chevron by Editor Imprint

U niversit; of Waterlod Waterloo, Ontario ’ volume 46, number 37 friday, march, 19, 1976

hide Agrarian reform rn Portugal Montreal O/imp s charade Readers respond Wage controls cc3n -

Conestorta

.p. 12 .p. 15. .p.25 .p..30

Entertainment for the masses was provided dance in the Campus Centre.

last Friday by Music Four, with a program . * ,

of Shakespearean . Pl 5 .

II ,’

Students on manpower retraining schemes raised a minor storm this week because their pay cheaues were late. I About 400 students at the Waterloo centre of Cones toga College are paid by the government to learn a newtrade or skill. Up until six weeks ago the cheques were delivered to the college every second Friday. Then a newpolicy of mailing the money to the students’ addresses was introduced by the department of manpower and immigration. For the first two pay days under the new system some students didn’t receive their cheque and others got them a few days late. But last Friday almost all of the 400. manpower students were minus

their wages. And their *fellows in Stratford , Ca,mbridge and Doon centres, about another 230 students, were in a similar position. Thei cheques are sent from the department of supply and services (DSS) in Toronto. Garry Green of the Kitchen& Manpower centre said on Friday he had been told by DSS that the cheques were posted at 1:30 pm on Wednesday.* If they were posted then, Ken Matagano of the Kitchener post office public relations department said, they should have been delivered on time. But he said the cheques didn’t arrive at the local office until late Saturday. He said “the department is trying to ascertain where the problem is.”

Late payment has caused ‘many of the students great inconvenience. They are not paid very much-from $68 for a single student away from home, to $109 a week for a student with four dependentsso if the money doesn’t come in regularly many of them have very little to fall back on. Thus there ‘were mothers’ protests that they would be hard pressed t.o feed their /children over the weekend. Also on Monday one father complained that his-house was without heat because he didn’t have the money to pay for an oil delivery. One student said his telephone had been cut off and others complained of the extra fees they would

OFS slams wage controls LONDON (CUP)-Ontario camted OFS to “assist” member in- and/or financial support’l- and respec ting pit ket lines. puses will become the scene of a stitutions in “educating students” concentrated attack on the federal -about the meaning and effects on However delegates rejected for government’s wage and price’conworkers and students of the federal the time adopting the CLC’s trols, if delegates follow through on incomes policy and to “participate ‘ ‘ 1O-point program’ ’ or suggestions a resolutionadopted at the winter in the actions of labour in opposifor “resolving Canada’s present conference of the Ontario Federation to wage controls”, including economic problems” as proposed by the University of Toronto’s Astion of Students held here Feb. 28 sending a speaker to the Canadian / sociation of Part-Time Students to March 1. Labor Congress planned demonstrep, Jackie Greatbach. ration at Pailiament Hill March 22. * Delegates voted unanimously to York University student presioppose the federal incomes policy The OFS resolution may be im- dent Dale Ritch,, Trent delegate which limits wage increases to 10 Murray Miskin and OFS staff perplemented through the following per cent, “but does not set a limit son Chris Harries said OFS people recommended strategy: educaabove which prices cannot rise”, had not yet studied or discussed the tional workshops on campus dealand to “alternatively support con CLC program. M&kin called the ing with rising tuition, increasing trol of excessive profits.” residence fees, increasing food _ program “kind of wishy-washy”. Students are affected by the Among the programs’ demands costs and. “decreasing service” ; a “anti-inflation’ ’ “comprehensive government’s are calls for tax concessions for low educational campolicies directly because the fedincreased penpaign’ ’ in OFSs’ newspaper, The s income earners, eral incomes program allows tui-, Ontario Student, as well as “ensions, and tax concessions to corporations only if those will “create tion fees and “post student living couraging” local student papers to costs” to rise while wage controls jobs” rather than “higher dicover local issues; councils providlimit students’ earning power in ing support to “various on-campus vidends ’ ’ . part-time and summer jobs, noted York University delegate Abie groups ” such as support staff and those attending the wage and price &achingassistants in “conflict” Weisfeld said the new OFS position controls workshop. with anti-inflation board rulings by ‘ ‘nieans OFS recognizes problems other than- student problems.” “education and active moral Specifically, delegates commit,

music and

,’

now have to pay on their overdue ing up its end of t-he contract. hydro bills. “What would happen to any j For most, the tardy cheques other employer who didn’t pay meant scant eating over the / wage? on’ time?” Ric,hardson weekend, but for at least one, it asked. meant looking for new accomodaSome protested that they needed tion., Journalism student Monica money immediately, one of whom Altenburger said she has had to. was a father with four children to move three times because late chefeed, and Borovilos said he could ques have left her without rent give cheques to “extreme hardship .money . This was a concession cases”. Also a gala sports day which was . made by his superiors following t!o see students from all Conestoga complaints on the last pay day. colleges gathered in Stratford had Three students accepted the to be struck from many weekend emergency money. agendas because of the _late cheBy Wednesday Richardson told ques. ‘the chevron there were about 12 When it was clear on Friday afcheques still outstanding. By then, temoon that the wages were not in however, it was clear that the stusight about 300 studentsgathered in dents’ protest had jolted the the Waterloo centre cafeteria to bureaucracy. government’s discuss a strategy. A vote to strike Borovilos said a meeting had been was defeated by a margin of three . held on Tuesday between the deto one but a mass telephone campartments of supply and services, paign won approval. manpower, and the post office to As a result local politicians and discuss the problem. post office officials began to hear He said the-meeting was “a rebells ringing in their ears, and the sult of the initiatives from students Kitchener manpowercentre was at Waterloo. ” It established a flooded with 200 calls m-one day.. committee to investigate the problem, he said, and “hopefully there By*Monday most of the students had received their -money, but in should be some kind of change I” * the Waterloo centre a survey conHe also said there have been ducted by the journalism students complaints from Thunder Bay and counted 180 cheques outstanding. other areas. ’ So about 30 students confronted The students have petitioned for the manager of the local manpower the direct mail system to be recentre, A.G. Borovilos, with their placed -and the pick-up method’ recomplaints. Y-\ turned. Borovilos applauded the initiaBut Borovilos told them at tives, they had taken in bringing the Monday’s meeting that such a deciproblems to light, and said as a ‘resion would have to be made at,a sult of thi press coverage and the policy level and all he could redeluge of phone calls, he had’telecommend was that the cheques bc xed his superiors suggesting that posted earlier. the cheques be posted a day earlier. I By Wednesday Richardson said But that didn’t dissuade the stu- ’ lifeat the college had settled down. dents from voicing. some strong But judging by this week’s events opinions. They said they had made it’s clear that the direct mail system an agreement with manpower to go had better be changed or get rid of _ back to school for a certain wage, its growing pains before next pay“pittance though it is”, and ac.- day. cused the government of not hold-neil docherty .

by-

‘+;<

_-’ ’

friday,

the chevron 3

Monday, July 5 - 8:30 pm

OSCAR

Friday

PETERSON

Monday, July 12 - 8:30 pm

CLEO LAINE & JOHN DANKWORTH Monday, July 19 - 8:30 pm

CHUCK

MANGlONi

QUARTET

Monday, July 26 - 8:30 pm

PRESERVAdlON JAZZ BAND Monday,

Monday,

HALL

August 2 - 8:30 pm

MURRAY

McLAUCHLAN

Sunday,

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. MacKenzie from 9-l am. 74 cents after 7 pm. Deidre English will discuss the topic “The Political History of Housework.” She has written numerous articles on political issues, as well as the book Nurses, Witches and Midwives. 1 pm. Changed to Faculty Lounge HH 373.

August 9 - 8:30 pm Opening session for the symposium on Urban issues in Canada. A film

ODETTA Special

About Land and Sea. An Exhibition of work by six artists in a variety of media. UW Art Gallery. Hours: MonFri 9-4 pm, Sun 2-5 pm till April 11.

Season’s October

End Concert

10 - 2:00 pm

ANNE MURRAY

Urba 2000: Bologna. 7:30 pm followed by a commentary. Wine and cheese party afterwards. 7 pm.

march

19, 1976

Wednesday

Federation Flicks-Cries and Whispers by Ingmar Bergman. 8 pm. AL 116. Feds $1, Others $1.50.

Free Short Film: Excellence ir Action-The transcendental medita. tion programme in athletics. Inter views with some of the top athletes 01 North America. 11:30-l2:30 pm. EL 105.

Oh What A Lovely War. Written by Charles Chiltan. A musical story of WWI. 8 pm. Humanities Theatre.

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon, M.G.M. from 9-l am. 50 cents after 7 Pm.

Saturday

University Chapel, sponsored by the UW chaplains. 12:30 pm. SCH 218K.

Campus Centre MacKenzie from admission.

Pub opens 7 pm. 9-l am. 74 cents

Urban Issues in Canada. Two speeches on the history of urban reform and political and economic structures. 10 am AL 105. Workshops begin at 2 and 4 pm. Concert in Benefit of Guatemala’s People. Latin American, Spanish and Folk music. Ad mission $1.50. Tickets at Fed. of Students. 7 pm. Waterloo Collegiate Institute, 300 Hazel St., Waterloo. Federation Flicks-Cries and Whispers by lngmar Bergman. 8 pm. AL 116. Feds $1, Others $1.50. I Psychology-East, West. A videotaped discussion on effects of Eastern philosophy on Western psychology. 830 pm Biology 271. Admission $2.

Para-legal assistance offers nonprofessional legal advice. ‘Call 865-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 1:30-4:30 pm and 7-10 pm. I Rehearsals-Concert Band. 5:30 pm. AL 6. Chess Club Meeting. Everyone come. 7:30 pm. CC 135.

Forum-Legal Limits, Consumer Protection in the Marketplace presented by the Consumer Action Ce,titre. 7:30 pm. Senior Citizens Centre, Rockway Gardens, Kitchener. Play Stindberg by Fried rich Durrenmat-t. Directed by Tom Bentley-Fisher (of La Ronde). A comedy about a bourgeois marriage tragedy. 8 pm. Theatre of the Arts. Gay CoffeeHouse.

Sunday Outer’s trip to Sportmans show in Toronto. Sign up outside Env St. 356. Call Peter Nicholoson 884-0389 for further info. Meet inside Campus Centre 11 am. Urban Issues in Canada. 11 am, AL 105 presentations from the Sat. sessions. 12 noon-Limitations of Urban Reform. 3pm-Workshop / on the K-W area. Hum 334. The Community Players Chamber Music Group presents a program of music for winds and piano. 2 pm. Kitchener Public Library Auditorium. Free admission. Rehearsals-Little Symphony chestra. 7 pm. AL 6.

wel-

Free Movie-THXI IO:15 pm. Campus

8:30 pm. CC 110. 138 classic SF. Centre Great Hall.

Thursday Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. M.G.M. from 9-l am. 50 cents after 7 Pm. Para-legal assistance offers nonprofessional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 1:30-4:30 pm. Waterloo Christian Fellowship. 4:30 pm-Bible study using “Basic Christianity” by John Scott. 5:15 pm-supper. 6 pm--Peter Erb speaking on “Meditation”. CC 113.

Or-

Federation Flicks-Cries and Whispers by lngmar Bergman. 8 pm. AL 116. Feds $1, Others $1.50.

Monday Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. M.G.M. from 9-l am. 50 cents after 7 Pm. Para-legal assistance offers nonprofessional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 1:30-4:30 pm. Grand Valley Car Club welcomes you to our next meeting. Waterloo County Fish and Game Protective Association, Pioneer Tower Rd., Off Hwy 8 between Kitchener and Hwy 401.

Tuesday Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. M.G.M. from 9-l am. 50 cents after 7 Pm. Para-legal assistance offers nonlegal advice. Call professional 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 1:30-4:30 pm and 7-l 0 pm.

Weekly Forums on the Political Economy of Canada. 7 pm. AL 207. Sponsored by the AIA. Christian Science Organization. Everyone is invited to attend these regular meetings for informal discussions. 7:30 pm. Hum. 174. The Best of the Jest Society. Hilarity with improvisations based on audience suggestions. 8 pm. Humanities Theatre. Admission $3.50, Students/seniors $2.50. Play Stindberg by Fried rich Durrenmatt. Directed by Tom Bentley-Fisher (of La Ronde). A comedy about a bourgeois marriage tragedy. 8 pm. Theatre of the Arts. All faculty, students and staff are welcome to join in discussion with the Baha’is on campus at their regular meetings. Topics vary from week to week. 8 pm. HH 334. Open line talk show concerning International Students and Racism on Campus. Features guest speakers to answer questions. On community radio CKWR 98.7. 9 pm.

VESUOW Amateur Radio Club Meeting. All welcome. 4:30 pm. E2-2355. 7 pm.

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon M.G.M. from 9-l am. 50 cents after 7 Pm.

KW Canada-China Friendship Society presents two Felix Green films on China: Sports, and Peoples Communes. 8 pm. Kitchener Public Library lounge.

Play Stindberg by Fried rich Durrenmatt. Directed by Tom Bentley-Fisher (of La Ronde). A comedy about a bourgeois marriage tragedy. 8 pm. Theatre of the Arts.

Rehearsals-Concert AL 116.

Choir.

the chevron

The Workmen’s Compensation Ioards,(WCB) is filled with many buses and needs much bringing up 3 date. So said Chester A. Fauiknor and ‘rank Gotti, members of the Union f Injured Workers (UIW), in a leeting held by Renison students n Tuesday night entitled “Oranized Workers Speak Out”. Karl Thieie, representing the Canadian Union of Postal Workers Jas also present. Members of the Ontario Seconary School Teachers Federation Jere invited but were unable to attnd., Fauiknor, president of the lamiiton local for UIW, cited a ew cases which vividly demontrated the need for UIW. In one of these cases, a man who gas injured at work and became ‘ 100 percent disabled”, ended up with only $80.00 a month from the YCB. It was apparent to Fauiknor hat the man’s inability to read or vrite had a direct relation to his low

compensation. The WCB “takes advantage of every weakness in every man,” he stated. “I have never seen such inhumane behavior in any person in this province than I have seen in the Compensation Board ,” he said. Immigrants who have difficulties with the English ianguage’end up with a 15 percent compensation pension when they should really receive 100 percent, added Fauiknor. It is the aim of the U,IW to check such abuses and to see that injured workers get a guaranteed job, or a 100 percent compensation or a reasonable explanation as to why they shouldn’t receive compensation, said Fauiknor. Gotti added that there were also physical abuses in the Compensation Board. For example he reported on cases where drugs such as Sodium Amytai (a truth drug) and LSD were used on injured workers.

The UIW cntends to put an end to the use of drugs on injured workers, said Gotti. It intends to inform the injured worker of his rights and to give him back his dignity. As a result of the efforts of the UIW, the maximum pension or compensation for an injured worker is now $216.00 a week. Gotti admitted that other trade unions are not happy with UIW. They see,it as a competitor and a threat to their own institution. However, he pointed out that when an injured worker is out of a j,ob, he loses everything. Not only does he immediately lose the right to participate in the Canada Pension Plan, Unemployment Insurance and health benefits, but after three years he also loses his trade union membership. Furthermore, only 30 percent of the iabor force in Canada belongs ‘to an organized trade union, said Gotti. This is why the UIW is so important and necessary, he stressed.

Karl Thieie, secretary of the K-W local for the Canadian Union of Postal Workers, criticized the press sharply for its distortion of the facts on the last postal strike. Before the strike, a PO4 worker, a top level position, earned about $7,000 after deductions, he said. The gross incdme for the higher level postman is now about $4.07 an hour, Thieie said. He complained that this was something the press did not bother to mention during the strike. He also felt that the postal workers in the Toronto local are Eun by “a couple of gangsters, employed by management .” For example, bulletins issued by the Strike Board were taken away in Toronto, he said. He observed that the executives in the Toronto union earn about $17,000 a year. Thieie also mentioned that there

was a problem of hiring too many part-time workers in the post office. He said if this keeps up, in the next few years more than half of the postal workers will just be parttime workers. This would keep wages and benefits down for the workers. He said that although the union won clauses on job security and bargaining on automation in the last contract, it has since been revealed that under the Staff Relations Act they are not allowed any say in these matters. The meeting was organized by Renison College for a course entitied Social Work 322 concerning the study of community organization. The s&dents were very receptive to the speakers and offered to help the unions in any way possible. -isabella

grigoroff

Matthews to dine with student reps Dining and hobnobbing with UW president Burt Matthews rates high on the student council’s list of priorities for at least until next Tuesday nigh7. For that’s when the federation’s motley crew of student reps will collectively saunter off to Matthews’ plush home on Westgate Walk for dinner and chit-chat with the leading university light. The date was suggested by Matthews at a recent science semi-formal to federation president Shane Roberts and graduate student rep Ron Hatz after both assured him the counciiiors would behave themselves. According to Hatz, today’s student reps are “more mature, more responsible” than ever before and in marked contrast with counciiiors five years ago who filched $100 worth of silverware when invited to Matthews’ dinner table. But despite the free dinher, counciiiors will not allow themselves to be “bought off” by the administration, says education chairman Franz Kiingender.

1976 Summer School & Intersession has ;tudents on manpower retraining schemes didn’t receive their cheques on time this week. /he government urned to a new system for issuing the cheques and for some it has meant sporadic payment over the last six weeks. ‘o/lowing a heated meeting with local manpower representatives some of the students applied for emergency noney. They are seen here waiting for an interview. -photo by neil docherty

Fed hacks get pay hike Recent wage hikes gave two stulent federation employees sizable ncreases according to figures quoted by federation president Shane Roberts. Business manager Peter Yates has been granted a seven percent increase raising his annual salary to $17,000. Administrative assistant, Heiga Petz received a 15 percent increase boosting her salary to $14,000 per year. Salaries of full-time federation tmpioyees are reviewed once a year by the federation staff committee which then makes recom-

THURS.

MAR. 25-8

mendations regarding raises. Ail salary changes must be approved by the UW personnel department thus by passing the student council. The recent increases have aiready been approved, Roberts said. The reason for the large increase in the administrative assistant’s salary, according to Roberts, is to overcome the lag betyeen the business manager and administrative assistant. He added it was a result of John Shortail’s struggle against inherent sexism within the university.

Meals Included $180.00 $215.00 $235.00

Double Single Large Single

Non-Resident

meal plans also available.

Petz’s job classification was raised two categories to accommodate the increase. The government wage guideline of eight percent does not apply to the federation, Roberts said, because there are not enough fuiitime employees in the federation. -graham

Without Meals $70.00 .

$100.00

$115.00

Waterloo Co-operative Residence Inc. 280 Phillip St.

Waterloo 884-3670

gee

p.m.

The Jest Society presents

THE BEST OF THE JEST SOCIETY Humanities

Theatre

THE CANADIAN OPERA COMPANY presents LA TRAVIATA-March 27% 29-8 p.m. (in Italian) LA BOHEME-Sun. Mar. 28-2:30 p.m. (in Engl ish) Humanities Theatre

AR Admission General $2 Students $1 Children free SPONSORED

20 at 8

Tickets Central Box Office -

BY INTERNATIONAL

STUDENTS

Theatre of the Arts Modern Languages Bldg. u of w ASSOCIATION

the chevron

friday,

Personal Pregnant & Distressed? The Birth Control Centre is an information and referral centre for birth control, VD, unplanned pregnancy and sexuality. For all the alternatives phone 8851211, ext. 3446 (Rm 206, Campus Centre) or for emergency numbers 884-8770. Are you pregnant? Do you need help? Call BIRTHRIGHT for confidential concerned assistance. 579-3990. Gay Lib Office, Campus Centre, Rm 217C. Open Monday-Thursday 7-l 0 pm, some afternoons. Counselling and information. Phone 885-l 211, ext 2372. HELP-745-l 166-We care. Crisis intervention and confidential listening to any problem Weeknights 6pm to 12 midnight, Friday 5 pm to Monday 1 am. Contract bridge fanatics at Village II would Ii ke to get together with same. Phone 884-7717. Will do light moving with a small pickup truck. Call Jeff 745-1293. Con-We are looking forward to your return-Mary and Piper. P.S. This way is cheaper.

For Sale Don’t We’d

be surprised if Redemptorists don’t always “look” like like to be known for what we do, not for what we wear:

Rev. Eugene O’Reilly, C.S.S.R.

721 Coxwell Avenue

Telephone

(416) 466-9265

priests.

Toronto

M4C 3C3

5’x3’2”, office size drafting board. 9 months old. Leaving country, have to sel I. $390. 578-7575. A two storey, 3 bedroom, one year old townhouse condominium on quiet wooded lot available immediately. Near universities. Shag carpet 1 throughout including large finished recreation room. 2-4 piece was; hrooms, formal dining room. Price of $33,900 includes stove, refrigerator and dryer. Private sale. 885-2858 after 5:30 pm.

march

19, 19’

Typing Fast accurate typing. 40cts. a pat IBM Selectric. Located in Lakesho village. Call 884-6913 anytime. Will type essays or thesis for 5Oc per page, Call Norma Kirby 742-935 Will do student typing, reasonab rates, Lakeshore village. C: 885-i 863. Typing: neat and efficient. Expe enced. Reasonable rates. 864-l 0: ask for Judy.

Housing

Available

May 6-Aug 31, 4 bedroom old home. Convenient to shoppin Westmount area near union. Ful furnished. Telephone: 742-0603 ( ext 2534. One bedroom apartment to subl May-Aug. Close to university, parkir and utilities included. $140/mont 884-3864. Graduate woman wanted to shal sunny, clean upstairs of newer horn Parking. Prefer warm, composed, d fined person. Please call 579-24f Peggy. 3 bedroom furnished townhouse r quires 2 students to help subI May-August. Lakeshore Villagl Rent $260 per month.Phor 884-9892. 2 bedroom and basement tow1 house, 653-B Albert St., appliance swimming pool, cable, 5 min to U t W by car, nearing shoppin! $215/month, 885-9471. One bedroom apartment availabl May to Sept., Erb and Westmoun rent negotiable 576-2982. 2 bedroom, broadloomed apartmel to sublet; May on. IO min, from U of W $175/month. Call 885-6596. One person needed to share fu nished apartment. 5 minute wal from campus. 886-0763 Bruce c Dan. Furnished two-bedroom tbwnhou: for May to Sept. Rent negotiable swimming pool. 884-9104. On Albe St. beside Parkdale Plaza. Co-op house, two single rooms avai able for summer; pref. upper ye2 student; rent between $50 and $7C large modern hous Albert/Columbia. Call 884-6053. Furnished three bedroom townhou: available to sublet from Apr l&-June 30, 1976. Ideal for famii with one small child. 5 mins. fro! campus. Call after 5:30 pm 884-927 Apartment in Elmira. For quiet nor smoking woman. Residential are near business section. Appliance: Available early April. 669-2669. Lakeshore village, 3-bedroom partly-furnished townhouse, avail2 ble May-Sept, $260/month. FUI nished basement, Sunnydale place great place for summer, 884-7073.

Housing

Wanted

Mature student requires furnishel accomodation for first two weeks c April only. Phone 745-9828 after Pm.

3 hour

clinic

stay.

members of Abortion Coalition of Michigan-A selfdicated to the practice of sound care in the field of

friday,

march

19, 1976

the chevron

kip your exams to protest cutbacks You’ve got UW’s blessing if you want to skip exams on April to attend a provincial demonstration opposing cutbacks in education and social services. All you have to do is to contact your professor and make arrangements for another test date. That was the decision reached by

dpub Student federation officials are worried about how to handle a staggering deficit in the Campus Centre pub this year, student council was told on Wednesday. The amount which works out to around $87,000 for the year includes initial installation costs and general operating expenses, federation president Shane Roberts informed cour;cillors. Broken clown, about $50,000 goes to iritial investment and $27,000 to day-to-day losses, the president a Ided. “I don’t hnow how I’m going to handle it and -f can’t understand it as I see people filled to the gills coming out of the pub every night. ” Roberts said such a massive deficit will “‘torpedo” any innovative projects the federation might unhertake this year such as setting up a publishing-house. -The stud&t president also said a committee will examine the pub’s financial situation “to find out what’s going on.” In addition, last: year’s federation treasurer Dan Saitner will have a tentative plan to cover part of the deficit and a report will be prepared for council’s Sunday meeting, Roberts said.

the university senate on Monday after student federation president Shane Roberts asked for a rescheduling of finals so students could attend the rally. The rally to be held at Queen’s Park is organized by the Torontobased Coalition Against the Cutbacks to protest recent reductions in education and social services.

The coalition grouping various organizations, unions and political parties started in January when social services minister James Taylor announced a 5.5 percent ceiling for municipal. social service grants. The rally will also protest the government cutbacks in health services where it intends to save $50 million by closing hospitals and

loses thousands (Contacted after Wednesday’s meeting, Sautner told the chevron about $7,000 of the $50,000 ins tallation cost can be amortized and $12,000 can be transferred from profits in the federation-run record store and Campus Centre shop, leaving $3 1,000 to be paid by a bank loan. (Sautner didn’t have any plans about covering the $27,000 operating deficit but he felt the pub could recover earlier losses sometime in the future .) Presently, the pub employs five full-time staffers on yearly salaries and a number of waiters/waitresses on an hourly basis, Roberts said. The wages far the full-timers average about $10,000 a year and the positions are: pub manager, assistant manager, two bartenders and a doorperson. In other business, councillors were told by external relations chairman Mike Ura about the of the federation’s “urgency” March 24 rally in light of a possible Ontario election early this spring. Ura said the minority Progressive Conservative government might be faced by an opposition non-confidence motion in early April and this could prompt an elec-

tion in May. And students should express their views to politicians regarding cutbacks in education by participating in a April 3 demonstration in Toronto against reductions in social services, Ura said. “Unless we push the education cutback issue, the politicians will ignore us. ’ ’ As a build-up for the April demonstration Wednesday’s rally will kit k off the campaign and show students that they aren’t the only ones being squeezed by government, the chairman said. I The federation will advertise the rally by means of posters and pamphlets as well as classroom speaking on the part of councillors and executive members to drum up support. In another matter, councillots received the federation’s first draft budget for the fiscal year beginning May 1 and ending April 30,1977. The budget has a total allocation of $403,649 and minus estimated revenue of about $141,050, the net subsidy out of student fees will be around $260,000. Council will meet on Sunday to make changes, if any, to the budget. -john

44 King St. S.

morris

eliminating 3,000 beds along with 7,000 jobs. Roberts told senators that the Ontario Federation of Students is trying to drum up support for the demonstration by mobilizing students across’ the province. But to encourage students to come out, the university must allow them to skip exams, Roberts said. “The senate should allow students to re-arrange exam days with their professors so they can attend the rally.” The request received support from history professor Ken Davies who said students would have greaon their teachers ter “leverage” when applying for an exam change if senate sanctioned it. But UW president Burt Matthews told Roberts the’ rally should have been scheduled before the university’s examination period. “You should have had it the day before. ” However, Matthews relented a bit saying students who wished to attend the rally could do so after making prior arrangements with their teat hers. (After the meeting, Roberts said though the rally’s focus will be on cutbacks in education and social services it’ll also zero in on general unemployment. “The issue of student unemnloyment during summer will prkvent many students from returning to university in fall.” (He said about. 300,000 university and high school students will be jobless this summer due to the state of the economy.) In other business, senate approved the establishment of an anthropology department and a name

Waterloo

886-3050

Q \

A STEREO

is having CLEARANCE

Don’t miss it, you fool!

March 9-27

SALE

1 change of the current anthropology and sociology department to simply the sociology department. The reason given for the change, according to Arts Faculty dean Jay Minas, was because both disciplines had been functioning independently of each other for some * time “in all but name.” In another matter, senate received a report from the university’s library on the length of time required to complete an interlibrary loan transaction. The service allows UW to have access to the materials contained in the libraries of 15 Ontario universities, Quebec universities and the two national libraries. According to a survey conducted between Sept 15, 1975 to Jan 30, 1976,50 percent of requests are met within seven days and nine percent in 21 days. The service includes two types of transactions: loans and photo“With both loans and copies. photocopies, delays can occur if the lending library reports thalt they cannot supply the material,” the library report says = “Common reasons are that the material is ‘currently on loan’, ‘non-circulating’ or ‘missing’.” Senate also heard a complaint from a student senator regarding the number of sabbatical leaves in the Environmental Studies Faculty and the possible effect on course offerings. Faculty dean Gordon Nelson said though no core courses will be affected, some electives might have to be postponed until a returns. teacher However, “there’s a wide range (of electives) to choose from,” he added. -john

morris

friday,

the chevron

Azania speaker

“Long live the fighting spirit of the people of Azania,” was the slogan that welcomed David Sibeko, the director of foreign affairs for the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), when he spoke at UW last Sunday. Sibeko spoke to a highly receptive audience at a lecture commemorating the martyrs of the Sharpeville massacre in Azania in 1960 where 67 Africans were murdered and 186 were injured. “They were peacefully demonstrating against the law that requires them to carry passbooks in’ their own motherland,” said Sibeko. Sharpeville was the watershed which spurred on the revolutionary struggle and the people of Azania paid with their blood to remove the obscurity of their conditions, he added. “The world found itself compelled to focus its attention on South Africa,” said Sibeko. “To bring down these barriers of ignorance that stand beween the people of Af-

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rica and the rest of the world is the aim of the PAC .” The PAC was formed in 1959 and organized the demonstration at Sharpeville which has played a major role in “providing inspiration for our own people to throw off the yoke of colonial repression.” Sibeko discussed the origins of colonialism in Azania which became known as the Union of South Africa with the advent of the British colonial powers in 1909. Since the first white settlers arrived the theft has never let up, from livestock to land and mineral resources, Sibeko said. The Group Area Act restricted blacks to 13 percent of the most barren and infertile land where they are a labour reserve for the whites who occupy the 87 percent of the land which is fertile. Apartheid is the natural outgrowth of capitalism and the exploitation of the natural resources, according to Sibeko. Describing the Vorster government Sibeko said, “It has been a genius in the art of barbaric oppression with milit-

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ary arms that Western Europe all too obligingly supplies to secure its investments in South Africa.” Sibeko outlined some of the atrocities perpetrated against the blacks under the name of “separate development. ” “The living conditions of the black miners are worse than those found in Hitler’s concentration camps; men sleep on concrete’bunkers in the most crowded and filthy conditions ever suffered ,” said Sibeko. “To add insult to injury you look at salary scales in the mines, which are the backbone of South Africa’s economy, and you find the blacks make 10 times less than the whites .” A student later corrected Sibeko’s figures and said he had conducted a survey of official government documents that showed blacks in the mines make 21 times less than whites. Sibeko praised the governments of progressive socialist countries, especially China, for supporting the revolutionary struggles in Mozambique and Angola. The liberation of these countries has also helped to inspire the youth of Azania, Sibeko said.When questioned about Cuban troop involvement in Azania, Sibeko stressed that the PAC didn’t have any illusions about the role it must play in Azania. Sibeko said they don’t believe that any foreign force can liberate South Africa -anybody who “liberates” you reserves the right to de-liberate you and the example of Czechkoslovakia makes that clear.” “Those of us who have acquired the skill to wage a people’s war are ready to launch a continuous war within Azania. The people of Azania are no longer afraid to fight,” said Sibeko. South Africa is 300,000 whites under arms controlling 21 million blacks who hate that political system, he stated. “We are a humane people who are only engaging in war because reactionary violence can only be opposed by revolutionary violence. The situation looks very ugly for white settlers,“Sibeko added. Sibeko was asked if there was a white force in Azania which would constitute a significant ally to the PAC. Those who do not actively support apartheid are indifferent and benefit from what accrues in exploitation of blacks: there are no innocent bystanders; you are either for or against, he replied. “We are tired of the paternalism of the Communist Party in Azania who have decribed the PAC as a terrorist party. The Communist continued

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19, 1976

:ight for civil rights

Federal prisoners Prisoners are trying to organize nions in federal penitentiaries so hey can fight for basic civil rights, wo lawyers told students last Thursday. David Cole and Allan Manson vere on campus to talk about prisners unions at the invitation of the uman relations department and he student federation, They explained to about 20 stuents in the humanities coffee shop hat “nobody is trying to make brisons into hotels,” but that there s a need for better work, training nd education programs, and proection of basic rights. The two young lawyers spoke nainly of Milhaven penitentiary vhere they have several clients. It s one of Canada’s maximum secn-ity prisons which house convicts entenced to ten years or more. They said in its first year of operLtion, 1971-72, there were inmate :ommittees which allowed prison-

ers some say in policy decisions. But these have since been cutback, and a committee elected by the prisoners was replaced, the lawyers said, with a committee of the. administration’s choice. Prison unrest is widespread across the country, said Cole, where groups of inmates have decided to fight back. He explained that men serving long sentences have nothing to lose. At Milhaven, the lawyers said, this movement, marked by work stoppages, hunger strikes and union organizing, has been met with brutal repression. Last November, guards entered a prison area, opened tear gas cannisters, beat prisoners and threw them in ‘the hole’. . That is the name for a one and a half by five and a half foot steel cell, with only a small window, a con-

LJ Transit cuts, the destruction of and Kitchener 3lora Gorge ouncil’s failure to implement the rater-approved ward system are hree of the topics to be tackled in he upcoming Symposium on Jrban Issues in Canada. The symposium opens today ‘ ‘URBA vith the film a film on urban 000: Bologna”, *eform instituted by the communist government of the city of Bologna n Italy. It continues through Saturday with two general discussion ses;ions exploring Canadian urban re‘orm movements, and winds up vith a panel discussion on Sunday. The panel will address itself to he questions of whether the pres:nt electoral system allows for ef:ontinued

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‘arty is too servile to the Kremin,” said Sibeko. For those whites who support ur struggle there is a permanent lome in Azania. As our president aid at our founding conference, ur struggle does not recognize any ace but the human race to which je all belong, Sibeko said. Canada officially disapproves of he apartheid system but Canadian nvestments in South Africa are opposed to their struggle, claimed iibeko. Canada supplies some ophisticated machinery used in he mines where the most savage :xploitation is taking place, he ;ai‘d. However, it is only proper to nention that Canada sided with the African states in 1969 when they lemanded that South Africa be :icked out of the Commonwealth, ;ibeko added. In favour of the UN Sibeko said, ‘It affords us a platform where we :an have direct contact with most :ountries and a political relation,hip with a number of countries.” “Material support for our cause ias been very short in coming from he UN except in the areas of scholn-ships ,’ ; said Sibeko. “Sympathy, solidarity and apJlause alone can not provide us vith the billion dollars that is iecessary for military operation.” The audience, composed mainly If members of the Anti-Imperialist llliance, the African, Arab, and Zaribbean student associations and he International Student Assiciaion, sympathized, applauded and Jroved their solidarity with a donaion of over $600. “We will vindicate with arms the :onfidence you repose in us,” re;ponded Sibeko. -judy

jansen

fective citizen representation at city hall, and how electoral activity and legislation should be used by community groups. The symposium is being organized by several local groups including the U W student federation, and will feature speakers from the Montreal Citizen’s Movement, the Canadian Environmental Law Association and the Ministry of Housing as well as representatives from various citizen’s associations across Canada. Further information is available through Shane Roberts at the student federation offices in the Campus Centre.

Concert

to organize unions-’ Crete slab to serve as a bed, and a toilet (or a hole in the floor to serve as a toilet). Manson said prisoners are kept alone in these cells 23 and a half hours a day. They are placed in this segregated part of the prison for three reasons: either because they need to be protected (sexual offenders normally); because they have committed an institutional offence, which will get them 30 days; or because they are organizers, and the term for that is indefinite. Manson said all the leaders of the August work stoppage are still in segregation, and may never leave. A review of their case is made periodically by an administrative board, but the inmate never knows what is going on, he said. The two lawyers also talked of prisoners with their arms and legs shackled behind their backs unable to reach food which had been pushed through a slot in the door. They said it was sometimes difficult for them to get to see their clients, and that their correspondence with. prisoners was-opened. Also it was impossible to have a private meeting with their clients. Prisons are only to keep a certain type of person off the streets, and any thoughts of rehabilitation “are just a joke”, said Cole. Canadian prisons are filled with young people, often with a drinking or drug problem and they are invariably a native person, a black or a Newfoundlander, said Cole. He said 70 per cent of them should not be in gaol, and the treatment they get is dangerous. How would you like to sit on a bus beside a man who has just been released from a long stretch in ‘the hole’, he asked?

for Guatemala

Another benefit concert is to be held for the earthquake victims of Guatemala. Sponsored by the Latin American-student Association and the student federation the concert will feature traditional and modern folk music from Latin America, Spain and Canada. The money raised will be used for the reconstruction of homes lost in the quake; a program which is likely to take five to ten years to complete. Proceeds will be channelled

Much of the malpractice in the penitentiaries the lawyers blamed ori the guards. Milhaven could not operate unless the guards did overtime, they explained, and that gives the guards’ union a strong leverage on prison policy. According to the lawyers, guards need only a grade 10 education, and the administration considers the best training to be a military background. While there are no committees in Milhaven at present, Cole believes they will come and pointed to coun-

-neil

docherty

nn A delegation of students led by the Anti-Imperialist Alliance willjoin the Canadian Labor Congress demonstration against the Trudeau government’s -wage control legislation Monday on Parliament Hill. Organizers of the demonstration expect a massive turnout following a preparatory rally March 13 in Oakville which attracted some 1,000 workers from Southern Ontario. An estimated 80 buses will leave Hamilton Monday carrying organized and unorganized workers as well as students and unemployed workers from that area. The Common Front of public and para-public workers in Quebec, representing 185,000 workers, is now locked in struggle with the Quebec government and is expected to send a large delegation to the Ottawa demonstration. Students who are interested in joining the AIA delegation to Ottawa should contact local 3647 on campus.

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through the Mennonite Central Committee, which has volunteers on the spot to ensure that the aid reaches the people in need. The concert is part of a international solidarity program and LASA is appealing to all members of the university for support in this drive to provide shelter for the one million homeless. It is to be held on the Waterloo Collegiate Institute, 300 Hazel street, at 7pm on March 2& Tickets will be sold at the door for $1 SO, and additional donations will be welcomed.

tries like Holland and Sweden where they are accepted. In the ensuing discussion, their most controversial question raised was that the prisons and their inhabitants are the result of our class system. It was argued by a couple of people that while organizing is good we must realize that the solution will only come with the eradication of our class system. This view gained some sympathy from the lawyers but overall they considered it too simplistic.

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boards of governors were in mos cases only bound by their “good. will” to turn over to student unions fees collected on their behalf by the institutions. Delegates agreed to “recommend” to the OFS spring plenary the creation of a “Commission or Student Council Autonomy” to: -advise Ontario institutions or ways each of them could secure ar agreement ensuring the collection of student union fees. -investigate and advise OFS or how to introduce provincial legislation guaranteeing student council autonomy from their governing boards. University of Toronto graduate student union representative Barb Cameron proposed student unions have as a goal the “trade union” model, and negotiate fees check-off with their boards, in the manner that corporations collect dues for unions. University of Guelph student union rep Tim Bray noted the problems his organization had had when the administration broke its “letter of agreement” with the student union over alleged improper auditing. The administration subsequently refused to collect student union fees. Gregory noted the advantage of student unions incorporating as a pre-requisite to negotiating contracts with their institutions, citing the example of Ryerson Polytechnical’s student union. Provincial NDP education critic and MLA David Warner said attempts to negotiate fees check-offs may result in administrations ignoring their “historical benevolence” and refusing to collect the fees. But Gregory said student unions were more dependent on boards who in effect are authorized to collect “any fees they want”.

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19, 1976

Anti colonial

war

Ango-la -fights , on

‘ORONTO - The people of Anola are now fighting an antiolonial war against Soviet-Cuban 1rce.s dominating that southern Lfrican country, said two ministers I the National Union for the Total ndependence of Angola. Tony Fernandez and George angumba told a public meeting ere on Saturday that guerilla warire is now widespread against the 5,000 Cuban troops now occupylg Angola.

“The Cubans and the Russians will leave Angola with much more speed than the Portuguese,” predicted Sangumba, foreign minister for UNITA. Following correct strategy in this second anti-colonial war will win significant victories for UNITA within a year, Sangumba said.

The national liberation struggle against the Portuguese began in 1961 but was much more protracted

than this anti-colonial war for several reasons. Over 500 years of colonial control the Portuguese established an infrastructure of repression that gave the military a tenacious hold on the country, explained Sangumba. “Will Castro and Brezhnev succeed in creating the same i!?frastvcture? Will they be able to occupy Angola? We don’t think so.” L- The Cubans are attempting to

permanently set down roots in the country. Agostinho Neto, MPLA leader, has announced that in April he will extend citizenship to Cubans in Angola and the Cubans are settling in fertile areas. What gives UNITA such confidence is the strategy which it followed from 1966 to 1974, and which allowed it to thrive in the heart of Angola without aid from either of the two superpowers, the U.S. or the USSR. This strategy was based on selfon our own reliance, “depending resources”, leadership working inside the country, and a clear political line emphasizing the application of Marxist-Leninist principles. Fernandez, information minister of UNITA, described the lengthy anti-colonial war against the Portuguese, noting that as the struggle of the three indigenous liberation movements became more successful, the Soviet Union played an in, creasingly reactionary role. By late 1974 “UNITA found itself ,facing a new enemy-the USSR. At no time did the USSR give real aid to the national liberation struggle in Angola. The SovietS spent more aid trying to bribe Organization of African Unity members to recognize the MPLA.” The Soviets and Cubans pressured Julius Nyerere, president of

The eighth wonder of UW, the snow mountain which sprang up just east of campus, has taken on a new hue. What was once glittering white has now disguised itself as that well-known phenomenon, the Sudbury slag heap. Most recent development is the appearance of the letters “a” and “r” on its side. We can only speculate that someone was attempting to give vent to a heart-felt “argh” when the mountain moles got them. RIP photo by john boyle

kn in t-he sun

Reading week denounced If George Soulis gets his way lere’ll beno “reading week” next ear for students in Arts, Environlental Studies, and Human Kinecs and Leisure Studies. The systems design professor inarmed senate Monday of his propsal calling for an end to study reek as “an improved academic ztivity”, which will be discussed ext month. Soulis told senators

his motion

as prompted after he saw the umber of posters advertising vaction tours to ski and sun resorts isplayed on campus before the reek. Later, Soulis told the chevron he rants senate to withdraw formal

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He said the week invites people to commercialize it as they can offer vacation packages to students and teachers. And these tour agents need 60 to 100 students to remain viable. He also said as far as he knew library usage didn’t increase during reading week. Asked about Soulis’ proposal, student federation president Shane Roberts said reading week should be extended across the university instead of eliminated. “People need some sort of break ,

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Tanzania, to prevent weapons going from China to UNITA through the port of Dar es Salaam. But at the same time Nyerere allowed the USSR to fly weapons to MPLA throtigh Dar es Salaam. The guerilla war against Soviet-Cuban occupation is not over, maintained Fernandez. “The war will continue until the Cubans and the USSR are defeated.” At the same meeting, a representative of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), which is leading the national liberation struggle in Southern Rhodesia, declared that rumors about the Cubans being invited to “liberate” Zimbabwe are ridiculous. “The people of Zimbabwe are their own liberators,” said Michael Mawkma. “We wilt not invite the Cubans, nor seek Russian arms, nor sing songs from Moscow. We want to fight our own battle and establish ourown socialist nation in Zimbabwe.” Mawema discounted the usefulness of negotiations between the Ian Smith regime and the African National Council, the umbrella organization under which ZANU operates. “We will go only to one conference ,” he declared. “That is the one where Smith gives unconditional

surrender.” -larry

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More referenda are _scrheduled for later this semest’er, I and the likely membership total at year-end is estimated at 180-2 10,000, more than half the non-Quebec postsecondary student population. Although the results of the past year’s referenda represent a clear As a result of the membership indication that Canadian students ‘referenda, tihich were established - want and will pay for a natidnal as a priority by delegates at the fall union, their impact on the organizaNUS conference, total membertion has not been entirely positiqe. ship has increased fi-om 120,000 in According--to NUS executive September to 173,000 in March. secretarv Dan O’Connor. continuous ref&enda campaigns has reClassical Guitarist sulted in “grinding frustration due John Becker to the necessary postponement of Now appearing at the needed work. Blue Door Restaurant _ “Last year, p$ople found out that through NUS students could Saturday Evenings work effectively on student aid and lother common concerns. This spurred acceptance and growth, but the resoprces have been far too small for simultaneously having - Girls looking for many referenda and effective naPart-time work as go-go dancers tional campaigns. High Wage I “The frustrations of 1975-76 hod Working Conditions have been regrettable, but in future Laurie at 579-8085 years they will also be viewed as , ’ i worthwhile”, O’Connor said. . ’

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built out of wood and was displayed at various auto shows. The real Concordia I is being built in stages in a shop in Montreal. When completed, the car will go on various exhibitions, not only in Canada but hopefully around the world as well. After it is all over, Kwok intends to improye the Concordia I in various engineering aspects ,\to use it as a tool to teach new engineering students and use it to stimulate new ideas. Some’people have contacted him to tell him there is a tremendous market for thi= Concordia I, but he has no intention of going into production. “Cars are my hobby and I do not like to spoil it by going into production,” he said. ‘*.Once you go into production’, you get lots of headaches. ,We’re here to do experimental tests and advance tech-, nology.” -’ Kwok preferred not tqsay how much the car actually costs but claimed it was built for a fraction of the cost it would take a_company like General Motors to build. “The students le.arned practical engineering. From the university point of view, they have tremendOUSI publicity,” K.wok said.

’

. Please send me the follo&&ASER BOOKS: j_ 0 no. j6 Fz+e’s Odyssey - Jeff Clinton . , ’ no.. 17 The Black Roads - J. L Her&ley no. 18 Legacy

19, 1976

car btiilt

The parking brake is operated by MONTREAL (CUP)-Under the a single button between the seats. guidance of Clyde Kwok, tLe direcThe windshield is. cleaned by a tor of the Fluid Control Centre and single wiper aiid the pedals can be a, full-time mechanical engineering p’rofessor, a futuristic car known as moved to adjust to the driver’s height. the Concordia I is being built. The headlights are covered by The Concordia I has a metallicslates which are closed when the silver, fiberglass body with large ’ lights are not in use. sweeping windows and is capable Among the most unique features . of hitting speeds of 140 to 150 miles of the car is the suspension system per-hour. %ivented by Norbert Hamy, an inThe doors are hinged at the front^ dustrial designer. It allows the car bumper and lift up vertically while to lean into a curve rather than the whole steering system swings away from it. out of the way -allowing the driver The car was designed last, year. to almost walk into the seat. Instruments like oil pressure and A model, one quarter the size of the temperature gauges are located in actual one was built first. It was studied and the concept _ the centre of the wheel but remain stationary wheri the wheel turns. was finalized. A life-sized one was

OTTAWA (CUP)-The National Union of Students had held 19 ‘referenda in the @ast academic year, 15 resulting in pro-NUS votes, 3 failing, and one receiving a-major’ ity in favour of membership but’ which lacked quorum. -

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ress ‘u OTTAWA (CUP)-The recent publication in the Canadian student press of an article supporting unionized workers in Quebec in their struggle against a subsidiary of Molson’s Breweries, and calling for a boycott of all Molson products, has come under fire from the Breweries’ head offree in TOronto. The article, titled “The Molson Maimers and Their Victims”, first appeared in the McGill Daily in Montreal, and described the fight for fair wages and safe working conditions by the 364 employees of Vilas Furniture in Cowansville, 60 miles east of Montreal. The Cowansville Vilas workers have been on legal strike against the company, the largest furniture manufacturer in Quebec and part of the Molson’s furniture division, since last July. The major issue in the dispute is the pay system, which provides a low base-rate with bonuses for workers who increase the pace of production beyond the specified basic level of output. Work under this “incentive” pay system is unbearable, the workers say, and leads to debilitating production line accidents. But the Vilas firm doesn’t want to change the pay system, despite a seven-month strike and the workers’ avowed refusal to return to work unless adequate pay rates based on hours worked are implemented in the new collective agreement. The boycott of Molson products in Quebec was called to pressure the company into settling the dispute. The article about the Vilas dispute and the boycott was picked up from the McGill Daily by the features service of Canadian University Press and soon began to appear in the 6%member national student newspaper network. Regional meetings of CUP papers in the Atlantic and Quebec then endorsed the boycott, and several student newspapers across the country have since announced they will no longer run Molson’s advertising. l

claimed would clarify the situation at Cowansville Vilas, and refute the basic claims made in the earlier pro-union article. Workers versus Molson The main line of argument pursued in the article which appeared in the student press was: -that the Cowansville Vilas factory is unsafe and has a high rate of accidents and injuries; -that these are due to the unnatural pace of work on the production line; -that this pace is the result of the incentive pay system; -that, however fast the worker’s pace, the pay level is inadequate; and -that the Cowansville Vilas management, and the Molson head office which directs their industrial relations strategy, has been intransigent in refusing to change the pay system to a basic hourly rate, as demanded by the workers and their union, the Federation of Wood and Building Workers (CNTU). The Molson’s rejoinder argues : -that the safety record and pay levels at the Vilas plant are better than the average for other furniture plants in Quebec ; -that the “politically oriented” union leadership is unfairly demanding the abolition of the “incentive” pay system “despite the fact that the incentive system is characteristic of the furniture industry and 80 per cent of all manufacturing plants in Quebec” including “all the manufacturing plants in Cow-. ’ ansville”; and -that the article relied on factual information given by striking workers and union officials, which is at variance with factual information the Company offers to give its side of the story. In short, the Molson’s rejoinder shows that the industrial dispute at Vilas is characteristic of most bitter industrial disputes. The union says the working conditions and pay levels are unsatisfactory; management replies that it is better than in other similar factories and the workers counter by claiming the industry as a whole provides unsatisfactory working conditions and pay levels. The union says they will not enter a new collective agreement until the fundamental pay system is changed; management refuses on the grounds that the incentive pay system is normal for the industry and the union counters by saying that despite (if not because of) the fact that the system is general, it must be changed. And the “facts” are in dispute, with both union and management officials citing different figures, calculated in different ways, to support their differing positions, while claiming that the other side is “misleading” the public.

Reaction quick Since news of the Vilas dispute and the Molson’s boycott had been largely confined to Quebec and not received much attention elsewhere in the country, the Molson Company was quick to react when the article started appearing in the student press. Company vice-president of public affairs Alex Jupp began visiting student newspaper editors in Montreal and Toronto to put the company’s side forward, and to condemn the article as “the most erroneous one-sided piece of misrepresentation that has ever been seen in a university newspaper.” Jup said the Molson Company “has absolutely no desire to interfere with the freedom of any paper The claims to publish what it wishes” but that But, in the Vilas dispute, there is Molson and the student press, had some room for independent judgbeen “victimized” by the CNTU . ment. The company position outaffiliated union representing the lined by Molson’s rest squarely on Vilas workers. the favorable comparison it alleges His approach shifted, however, between the pay and safety record when he spoke with members of of Vilas and the furniture industry the CUP national executive in Otin general. tawa. In a series of telephone conIf we accept that claim without versations, Jupp repeatedly referquestion, and since the furniture red to opinions expressed by Molhas been used as a standard for son lawyers that the article might comparison, it is possible to test be potentially libelous. He also the merits of the workers’ claim made a pointed suggestion that that safety and pay are inadequate. CUP might be the target of a lawThis can be done by comparing suit. the performance of the furniture Jupp’s request that CUP advise industry to that of industry in genits member papers who had not yet eral, and to other manufacturing run the article to refrain from industries in particular in the key doing so was rejected, but he was areas of pay levels and accident assured CUP would report on the frequency. Molson-position when it was made available. He then prepared a Wages lo-page “rejoinder” which, he According to Statistics Canada

figures, we find that last June, a month before the Vilas workers walked off the job, the average wage paid for a week’s work in Canada was $205.07, and in Quebec $200.96. For durable manufacturing which includes the furniture industry, the average for Canada was $224.94, and $214.39 for Quebec. As for the furniture industry, the average rate for Canada was

furniture industry. The Workman’s Compensation Board in Quebec City, however, does have information on accidents in the industry in Que bet . According to WCB figures, the general rate of accidents in 1974 for all industries in the province was 26.6 per million hours worked. For the furniture industry, the rate was 72.5 per million hours worked, almost three times the general ‘

$168.04 per week, 82.7 per cent of the general all-industries average, and only 74.6 per cent of the average paid in other durable manufacturing industries. For Quebec, the average wage in the furniture industry was $159.41,79.3 pe r cent of the industrial average and 74.4 per cent of the average for durable manufacturing . I But stating the difference between what is paid in the furniture industry as a percent of what is paid elsewhere, as management in low-paying industries does, somewhat underestimates the differential. From the point of view of the worker, the difference between his low wage and higher rates prevailing elsewhere as a percentage of his present wage is more meaningful. Using this method and the Statistics Canada figures, the average furniture worker in Quebec would have to receive a 35 per cent increase in wages to come up to the average paid in the durable manufacturing sector as a whole in the province. The Statistics Canada figures cited here include all salaries paid to all employees, from the president of a firm to a production line worker, and do not show the variations in what different employees receive. But they do clearly show that the furniture industry in Quebec, as in the rest of Canada, pays workers considerably less on average than what employees in general, and in the durable manufacturing sector in particular, receive for a week’s work. Accidents Neither Statistics Canada or Labor Canada have any comprehensive data on the frequency of work accidents in the Canadian .

rate. The problem with the WCB information is that no breakdown is available to compare the accidents rates in industries which are based on incentive pay systems and those which are not. Consequently, there is no way of telling how much the difference in accident rates is due to the incentive pay system in the Quebec furniture industry, and how much is due to the nature of the tasks involved-cutting, sawing, sanding etc. The Molson’s rejoinder suggests that there is nothing at all dangerous about the incentive system. Union officials, however, claim that the rate of accidents in plants operating on the incentive plan are “at least” three to four times those which operate on straight hourly wages. However, based on the data supplied by the WCB in Quebec City, it is possible to conclude that workers in the furniture industry are about three times more likely to suffer accidents than the average worker in the province. Incentive pay Molson’s PR people can rail about the “politically motivated” union leadership at Vilas and attempt “red scare” tactics all they want. The fact is that every labor organization in Quebec, if not in Canada, has gone on record as being opposed to incentive pay systems. A spokesperson for the two million-member Canadian Labour Congress stated in a telephone interview that the CLC strongly oppose incentive systems, calling it a “throwback to 19th century sweat-shop conditions .” Molson’s explanation of the incentive system is contained in the rejoinder: “The incentive system essentially rewards workers for

their efforts expended, according to a pace which they establish themselves, in the context of a system which reduces the need for continual supervision”. Just how the furniture system “rewards” workers for their efforts has already been covered in the section above on wages. The reference to the work pace as being set by the workers themselves is also pure rhetoric. Furniture workers aren’t there to engage a hobby, but to make a living. The cost of living is something they have no control over. As it increases, the incentive system demands that they increase the pace of production, whether they like it or not. But the incentive system is well described as one which “reduces ” the need for continual supervision.” Indeed, this is the essence of the system. The “boss” doesn’t have to check periodically to make sure people aren’t slacking off. The pay system does the “bosses” work automatically and is omnipresent each working minute of the day. Not only does the incentive system make the “boss” omnipresent all the time, it pits worker against worker where parts of the productive process are dependent on one another, and completely destroys the co-operative nature of productive labor. And because it stresses “individual” efforts and isolates each worker, the incentive system is totally against the basic egalitarian principles that unionism is founded on. Under the incentive system, the fast worker can’t have concern for those who can’t maintain the specified pace; on wages, all workers must be treated and paid equally for performing the same job for the same length of time. Because the incentive system represents an attack on the dignity of labor and on basic collective principles, the Vilas workers are not alone in their active struggle against it. At the present time there are no less than six other strikes in progress in Quebec over the same issue. And, according to CNTU officials in Montreal, the union movement in Quebec is committed to actively supporting every worker’s struggle where incentive pay schemes are under attack. ’ j The Vilas struggle is very important, however, because” a victory for labor there would set a precedent which would force other furniture manufacturers and other industries to abolish the incentive system. As one union official put it “workers have always dreamed of . abolishing incentive programs, but only recently has it become realis’ tic to actively struggle for this goal.” Boycott Molson What can students do? We can boycott Molson products individually by refusing to buy them, and collectively by refusing to stock them in student unions, student pubs, and at) student organized functions . And, through our own media and outside media contacts, we can bring the message to others; particularly to trade unionists in our communities. What will this do? It will put pressure on the Molson Company. Maybe Molson will then decide to direct their full attention to arriving at a just settlement of the Vilas dispute instead of wasting their time publicly condemning the union and harrassing media which dare to explain the worker’s just demands. \

-peter

o’ma lley

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fritiay,

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19,' 1976

I\1Agrarian

reform Strikes Pwtuga-I \

Portugal’s‘new military rulers EVORA (CUP)-Portugal’s . tugal continues its steady move to wanted to humble the latifundiarios south-central Alentejo region is the right, the latifundiarios are where the country’s deepest social poised to return. who had been strong supporters of the old fascist regime. revolution has occurred since the Work the land But the government’s proposed fall of fascism in April 1974. ’ “The land to those who w‘ork it” agrarian reform was too timid for was the rallying call during the Here thousands of rural farm the ruiai poor. Years of bitter which workers now control gigantic es- wave of land occupations struggle had given them strong orbegan sweeping Alentejo late last tates formerly owned by Portugal’s ganizational potential and political winter.’ . grand- seigneurs-the absentee The province is dominated by awareness. ‘latifundiarios’ ’ -who paid their the huge estates -Portugal’s graEncouraged bY the Communist . workers starvation wages while nary. The major crop is wheat, fol‘Party which enjoys solid m%b+tY neglecting their land. lowed by,oats, corn and barley, SuPPort among Alentejo farm For the lives *of the poor rural along with olives, cork, tomatoes, workers, they began declaring the , population the improvement has sunflowers, oranges and beef cat- ’ estates theirs. They invited the .been immeasurable. But as Portle. men who managed the latifundiarios’ affairs to join them as fellow workers. Many did. Others left. Faced with the massive occupation movement the government acquiesced, and began recognizing the workers’ right to their land. The l oooooooooooooo ::... :: ::....y:::: * latifundiarios could only withdraw‘ ..... .......... “A smashing revue” ::... ii ..... ii ii.. .. and wait for the political winds to ::.... ::ii .::. ..t: “Hi[arious” \ i ii ii change. :: ii ......... ........ - “A very funny show” Now Portugal’s farm workers . + ~oooooooo ::::g:::* y:::::.... ::g:..::::...:::: ................... ... .:-:. :::::: .................. control about 1,000 ,OOg hectares w:..:::: :::: ..:::: .... ..........y:. pm: ........ :::: (about 4,000 square miles) mostly ........................ 2:ii ........ y:..:::. ................ :::: ........ . .. . :::: .... .... 9( in Alentejo. The province’s key :::: ...................... :::: .::. ..:*:: :::: ................... .::g::. ................. ........ t:::..:::: . districts of Evora and Beja have between 70 and 80 per cent of their land occupied. The rest belongs to small and medium-sized farmers who are divided in their support for 0.000.~ . . . ..q . . . . . . . the workers. . tg:..:::: ....... .......-&. .... (Elsewhere in Portugal right....::::::a ... .. .. .. .. wing forces, backed by the latifun-% diarios, have mobilized thousands of private farmers against the agrarian reform. They are pressing Humanities Theatre I’ * the government to ‘ <disoccupy” Admission $350,.students/seniors $2.90 ‘the land. These farmers are predoTickets available NOW at Box Office ext. 23 26 . 4c minantly from the north and centre of Portugal where most. land holdings are small.)

Thurs, Mr. 25 - 8 (;~oooooooo

The Alentejo workers have orties of trying to improve land proganized the estates into ductivity in southern Portugal’s democratically-controlled coless than perfect soil conditions. operatives which have managed to They owned so much land-a improve crop production and workmedium sized estate would be 13 ing conditions remarkably in only a 9 square miles-they received suffi-. few months. cient income from limited operations and from money received . Cooperqtives “Just before the occupations the - from peasants who rented small in ferworkers were making 90 escudos a plots. Careful investment tilizers, irrigation, and other imday (about $3.50) and only when provements was unnecessary to there was work for us,“’ said Fransupport their lavish urban lifecisco, a worker at the 22nd of July styles. 1 Cooperative just outside Evora, Alentejo’s largest city about I4q Agricultural experts agree Portugal could become a major exporkilometres south-east of Lisbon. and other Alentejo “Now we make -5400 escudos a ter of’wheat month (about $205), which isn’t grains, given tee hnological imBut last year Porenough, but it’s more than double _ provements. tugal, even now one of Europe’s what we were getting before. . imported . “Before it was‘seven days a largest grain producers, much of her requirements. week when we worked; now “The latifundiarios didn’t care there’s no,working on Saturday afthe land‘,” one ternoons and Sundays,, and soon no about improving worker said, “they used the best working Saturdays at all. The ’ cooperative pays us when we are soil and left the rest uncultivated.” -sick and we get 18 holidays with Few jdbs pay a year,” he continued. (In 1964 _The system meantchronic under the workers won the 8-hour day employment. Few jobs were avafter a bitter strike, brutally represailable outside of seeding and harsed by the old regime.) vesting times. ’ Most important, the cooperaOn the 22nd of July Cooperative tives have virtually eliminated rural 56 men and women are now empunemployment. In some areas, loyed full time compared t’o 25 with workers complain of a serious labor uncertain job security before the shortage. ‘ ‘Alentejanos” have re- ’ occupation. This winter the workturned to .their native communities ers have been going all out to colafter spending years as emigrant lect the full olive harvest, rarely atworkers in Northern Europe. . tempted by the latifundiarios. s That is because the latifundiarios’ “They used two or three women never bothered to fully utilize their to pick the olives off the ground land. Vast sections remained unafter the rain had knocked them cultivated; they preferred investing down,” said another 22nd of July in urban real estate and sure-bet ‘I tourist operations to the uncertaincontinued on page 13 j

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vorker in disgust. “The rest they eft to rot!” This winter about 20 workers Lave been in the olive grove since :arly November. Male workers hit he trees with wooden poles, while vomen workers-who still do not :arn as much as men-collect the olives from the ground. The collecion is thorough from every tree -some 2,000 at the 22nd of July looperative. Much of the crop is used for olive bil, manufactured in a factory the 2nd of July workers occupied just .fter taking over their estate. The lil-basic in Portuguese cuisine -is even m&ore vital in the simple

Alentejo country diet of&read and oil-based soups, rice, and some meat from the workers’ own herd. (The workers are allowed to keep their own animals and gardens, but only if all the workers agree that the private activity won’t interfere with the cooperative’s work.) Most significantly, the workers -have just managed a staggering increase in the amount of wheat sown for next year, after collecting a record harvest during the summer. Some observers attribute the record harvest to particularly good weather, but the increased seedingsalso corn, oats and barley--can only be attributed to

the feeling that “now we are workNow livestock herds are small; ing for ourselves”, in the words of meat is in short supply. The workone laborer. ers must gradually rebuild the Some cooperatives have doubled herds and cannot slaughter as many’ their wheat seedings; others have animals as before. As Portugal continues its shift to increased the amount of cultivated land as much as 50 per cent. Overall the right, agriculture ministry offiin Alentejo seven per cent more cials who support the agrarian reform are being replaced by more land is under cultivation this year than last. conservative bureaucrats. Credits But the workers face serious to the cooperatives-never given problems. generously-are now even harder ,,to get. Ruinous sabotage Thus the equipment, seeds, Many cooperatives suffered livestock and fertilizer needed to ruinous sabotage when the agricullatifundiarios-anticipating occu- ’ really develop Alentejo’s tural potential are denied the workpations-sold all livestock, crop stockpiles, and farm machinery to ers. Meanwhile, in Portugal’s more foreign buyers. populous north and centre rural areas, the right-wing political parties are supporting the massive protest campaign against the cooperatives. “Now there are 12 cooperatives A so called “Confederation of involved and we use the factory as Small and Medium-sized Farma meeting place,” said Lopes, who ers” has held several large rallies, has spent his last 35 years working attended by many former latifunon the 1,150 hectare estate (4.5 diarios, in which farmers desquare miles) that be,came the Ilha manded an end to the occupations. Fria Cooperative. Some foreign journalists have been “This is where the government attacked at these rallies people come when they want to physically talk about lending money to the aby people alleging they were communis t spies. cooperatives .” . Although few small landowners The workers will deposit their tractors and other equipment at the have lost land to the workers, the conservative forces have apparfactory. They have decided the ently convinced many poor peascooperatives must share their ants they could lose theirs. machinery. Government credits The campaign is similar to last have helped buy tractors which summer’s anti-communist hysteria scarcely existed in the area when fomented by the Catholic Church the latifundiarios ruled. and local power brokers in the Eventually the factory will also north. mill feed grains, including piles left The Confederation was initiated by the old owner. the night of Nov. 24 when farmers Just after Nov. 25 a gang threw bombs at the factory but did no blocked all roads north of Lisbon, townspeople just before Portugal’s military audamage. The thorities moved conservative mobilized, dealt with the bombers troops to the capital to disarm its and set up armed guards around the leftist regiments. factory. Later troops from Evora came to The events of Nov. 25, which the search the factory for arms. Lopes government called an attempted says three workers were arrested leftist coup, have swung Portuguese politics sharply to the and one is still in jail. The workers can expect little from the military. right. Lopes said several small farmers But when Confederation tried to with land near the factory are hos- hold a rally in Alentejo on Jan. 3, tile towards the cooperatives. the cooperative workers showed “They liked the old regime betup in force, along with many small farmers who supported them. ter”. But for the workers there’s no After unsuccessfully appealing turning back the clock. The opporfor military intervention to disperse tunity they now feel of freedom and the workers, the Confederation economic power, the feeling that leaders left. The workers and farpervades Alentejo region, is somemers held their own meeting which thing many would die for rather strongly endorsed the agrarian rethan give up. form.

Co-ops change economy IIMIEIRO (CUP)-Diamentino ,opes pointed proudly at the milng machinery. “It may look old but it will work. Jext week we’ll be making flour rom the wheat from all the ooperatives of Vimieiro. ” Lopes is from the Ilha Fria Cooperative near here. His curent job is to guard the factory that Jerkers from seven cooperatives n the area occupied last Oct. 25. The factory includes a flour mill, lakery, machine shop, and other quipment for processing the egion’s agricultural products. It’s by far the largest workplace n this town of 2,000, 150 ilometres east of Lisbon and 40 .ilometres north of Evora, the ilentejo region’s largest city: Jimieiro’s population is almost enirely dependent on employment on he nearby agricultural estates . But the factory has been closed or five years. The owner had bee% bhasing out operations and shifting hem to two other plants, one elsevhere in Alentejo, another near ,isbon. For Vimieiro the closing meant he loss of 25 stable jobs. But now revolution has come to he town. Beginning last February he workers on the farm estates began occupying the land, ending he control of the local economy by he latifundiarios. The resulting .hange in economic relationships vas overwhelming. The new local economy the vorkers are building has other uses or the old factory on the main road han as a playground for the town’s ats.

Last October 25, the workers picked the lock and declared the factory as property of the cooperatives of Vimieiro. The old owner wasn’t impressed. He said the workers couldn’t do anything with it. He would be astonished if he came back to look. Just to make sure he doesn’t get too close, Lopes and another worker keep the place guarded day and night. “There’s no way anybody else gets this factory,” Lopes said. “It belongs to the cooperatives and we intend to keep it.” After two months of intensive labor, mostly by the cooperatives’ 144 women workers, the factory is almost unrecognizable. The workers removed mountains of junk, discarded the dead rats, scrubbed floors, dusted and polished machinery, painted all walls and ceilings. The cooperatives have hired a professional miller, a baker and some assistants. Soon they will be milling their-own wheat, the major Alentejo crop, and baking bread in the two ovens, each with capacity for 270 kilograms. Thus the cooperatives will have a completely integrated operation, supplying their own bread requirements, and selling surpluses to the public. They’ll use the resulting income for badly-needed investments in the fields. The workers are also setting up a farm machinery repair shop in the factory. The government extended credits for the purchase of welding equipment and other tools.

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The government has responded by virtually limiting the reform to southern Portugal, and leaving the door open for the return of some 70 per cent of the occupied land even there. National property There are also indications the government plans to interfere in workers’ decisions on the cooperatives. The government has declared the cooperatives “national property”. The new regulations probably mean the end of several cooperatives scattered through northern Portugal. Here the Communist Party, which agreed to the new policy, has limited influehce. But it is unlikely the government will move too harshly against the Alentejo revolution, at least not yet. In a recent speech in Beja City, Communist Party leader Alvaro Cunhal appealed to cooperative workers to help solve differences with Alentejo’s small and medium-sized farmers. Many cooperatives already have working arrangements with them, sharing equipment, leasing land and giving other assistance. Cunhal has made it clear his party, which retains a tremendous ability to mobilize thousands of workers throughout Portugal, will not tolerate any return of the latifundiarios . The Communists so far have offered little more than verbal protests against the degenerating political situation-the release of former fascist police agents, the killing of demonstrators by regular police forces, the purges of leftists from the news media, and the continued imprisonment of leftist military figures. But agrarian reform is basic to the Party’s program and it is unlikely to betray the hopes of its traditional Alentejo supporters. Travelling through Alentejo I now, an outsider finds it hard to miss the all pervasive feeling of hope and purpose when meeting these people long accustomed to bitter despair. But it is also hard to miss the scores of Mercedes Benz’ prowling the highways and the larger towns-reminders that although the old exploiting class has been removed and replaced, it is still waiting eagerly on the sidelines. -art

moses

WHEN TRAVELING OUTSIDE CANADA DON’T: i -

Carry anything across an international border for a stranger Work in a foreign country without permission Run out of money Deal in illegal currency or black market Fail to have a ticket ‘home’

Isr

External Affairs Canada 0

Affaires extbrieures Canada

Forget or lose your identification (passport, or other) Fail to obtain a visa when required Violate local laws and offend customs and sensibilities Possess illegal drugs _ \

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show on earth

The Montreal The following feature article takes a close and critic21 look at the escalating costs of the 7976 Olympic Games. The author, Nick Auf der Maur, is also writing a book on the Olympics to be published this spring. The article first appeared in last Post u \ magazine.

Over the past decade-and-a-half, the Olympic Games have become “the greatest show on earth,” an unrivalled spectacle. Unfortunately, the circus aspect of the modern Olympiads has come to surpass its original intent, which was to be a paean to amateur sportsmanship and international competition. On paper, there’s nothing to compare to the Olympic ideal in terms of motherhood, apple pie and virtuousness in general. In truth, on paper the Games are virtually unassailable. But in practice, the Games have become a monstrosity. The road from Mount Olympus to grotesque spectacle started in 1960 in Rome, where the Games culminated in the jailing of the Olympic village builders for using shoddy cons true tion materials. It wended on to Tokyo where it became even more grandiose and lavish, to Mexico City where over 100 students ;were massacred in an anti-Olympic demonstration, to Munich and further slaughter. Finally in Montreal, the event has been stretched out over a number of years with a spectacular display of avarice, administration and good old-fashioned bungling. In Montreal, the Olympic games seem to have acquired an accursed quality; everything that could have gone wrong, seems to have gone wrong. The city’s grandiose plans lay in ruins as disaster piled on to scandal. Building and planning for the summer games has now assumed the air of a desperate salvage operation. Far from being a tribute to the noble qualities of international sportsmanship, the Montreal games are marred by petty local politics and qualities far removed from good sportsmanship.

Drapeau’s

Olympics

To hear mayor Jean Drapeau tell it, Montreal’s Olympic adventure started quite accidentally enough back in the summer of 1963. The mayor was in Lausanne checking out plans for the forthcoming Swiss National Exposition, Expo ‘64.

The mayor got out of a cab clutching a peice of paper with the address where he was to meet the mayor of Lausanne. He looked at the building plaque, blinked and looked down at the address on the paper. It was the right address, but there must be something wrong. The plaque on the building read “Comite International Olympique.” The mayor went inside. As it turned out the address was right. The syndic, or mayor of Lausanne had an office

Olympics

there, but so did the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Today, the mayor confesses he was totally ignorant of the Olympics at the time. But Jean Drapeau is sometimes a curious and inquisitive man. He took the time to look around the IOC that day, particularly the museum. That was the start. A spark was lit in the mayor’s mind. s While at the same time feverishly preparing for EXPO ‘67, mayor Drapeau started boning up on the Olympics. It soon became evident to him that the only suitable encore to Expo ‘67 was the Olympiad. He discussed the matter with his right-hand man, Lucien Saulnier, the chairman of the executive committee, and Gerry Snyder, another executive committee member who happened to own a small sporting goods store in Montreal’s Snowdon district. Snyder and Drapeau flitted back and forth across the Atlantic numerous times and by April 25, 1966 they were ready to make Montreal’s pitch at an IOC meeting in Rome. As the mayor says, at the time he wasn’t terribly familiar with the Olympics nor the IOC, a crusty club with more than a tinge of wealth and aristocracy. At any rate the mayor’s pitch sounded somewhat vulgar to at least some of the members. Among other things, mayor Drapeau said Montreal would provide free room and board for all athletes, and possibly free transportation as well. Things like that just are not done and it sounded like he was trying to buy the 1972 Games. s Munich was awarded the Games, albeit more because of a secret IOC formula of having the Games twice in Europe, then once “abroad”, on another continent. The rejection was really only the start of Montreal’s Olympic Games pitch. Over the next couple of years, mayor Drapeau and Gerry Snyder carefully plotted to wean, cajole, influence, impress and win over the IOC members to the Montreal cause. Almost all IOC members were guests of the city at one time or another for visits to Expo ‘67 and were extensively wined and dined. The mayor had by this time become extremely comfortable with the European aristocracy of finance and wealth. With these people, he would easily display his sophisticated charm, graceful humor and that intimacy shared by those who feel above ordinariness. Expo was of course a smashing success. And it is safe to say it was a decisive factor when it came to choosing the venue of the 1976 summer Olympics. It duly impressed the world, and most particularly the IOC, of Montreal’s unique capability to mount a successful Olympiad. Above all, it gave mayor Drapeau and his coterie a supreme confidence in pursuing their goal. In fact says PaulEmile Robert, a Civic Party city councillor at the time, who was ousted in 1974 for not toeing the line, the very success

mess of Expo may have proven to be Montreal’s ultimate undo1 ing. “We were on top of the world,” he remembers, “Expo was successful beyond imagination. There was nothing we could not do.” Canada and the world feted the brilliance of Expo. As so often happens, success has a way of going to the head. “It was easy to lose sight of reality,” says Robert. It’s often been said that Jean Drapeau is more concerned with bread and circuses than with humdrum needs like housing, sewers and neighborhood planning. Actually, the mayor’s concerns are more directed to what he feels are lofty ideals and nobility of spirit. He feels that a people, a nation, requires spiritual uplift, a collective pride that can only be captured when the imagination is stirred. He feels there are only a few men in a generation capable of stirring that imagination, of lifting a people to great heights. This is the stuff of greatness, the men who have a rendezvous with destiny, the pyramid-builders. Their legacies are the cathedrals and other monuments to grandeur. History remembers them, the ,people are grateful to them. Their critics are short-sighted, incapable of understanding that these leaders incarnate the people’s yearning for greatness. So long as that leader is successful, his people respond with love and affection. But when he stumbles, the people turns to a mob, their love to wrath. Jean Drapeau fancies himself in this mould, that this is his fate. A popular democrat, he is not. And so a few weeks ago, when mayor Drapeau trotted out of the Montreal chamber of commerce to give a talk entitled “Where is Montreal Going,” it turned out, to be more of a lecture on historical destiny. He talked of Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain, Montreal as an international metropolis and the need to increase Quebec’s birth rate. He spoke of vision-his.

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In the fall of 1968, the Canadian Olympic Association met in their spanking new headquarters at Cite du Havre on the Expo site to choose which Canadian cities would bid for the 1976 summer and winter games two years hence in Amsterdam. Toronto, Hamilton and Montreal were in the running for the summer games. It proved to be rather a cursory meeting. In Amsterdam in 1970, the by, now familiar bald-headed mayor with horn-rim glasses and pin-stripes dazzled the International Olympic Committee with his sales pitch. Drapeau knew the problems and criticisms leveled at the IOC and the turn the modern games were taking. r Hundreds of millions had been spent for the past three OlympiadsTokyo, Mexico and Rome. More was to be spent at Munich in 1972. Costs were being driven out of sight. continued

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Only wealthy nations, or countries with something’ to prove to the world and able to divert huge sums from much needed social programs could afford the Games. Nationalism and politics were intruding their ugly heads. Jean Drapeau presented Montreal as the potential savior of-the &unes. His approach addressed itself to these promems. The Montreal plan was innovative, bold and revolutionary. The modern games would-be saved so that even poor Third World countries could in future afford to host them. The Olympics, he said, need not be lavish, ostentatious display. They could, and indeed would be modest. And they would, wonder of wonders, be self-financing. This was no crass chamber of commerce boosterism, of the type that characterized the’ LOS . Angeles bid, n&- the power politics of the Moscow effort. On the first vote, Montreal trailed Moscow 28 to 25, with Los Angeles at 17. The Montreal delegation reacted with assured confidence. Their plani ning and lobbying had been done. They knew which blocs were Montreal’s, which Moscow’s1 ‘Above all, they knew what the second choices were. On the second vote, it was apparent Jean Drapeau’s message had got through-Montreal 41, Moscow 28. . the triumphant. winner told the “In Montreal,” IOC members, “the Games are assured of conserving a human scale, with a nobleness of character and marked by simplicity. . . . “The IOC can count on the fact that all required installations will be ready long before the inauguration.” l Rivals and politieians from other levels of government looked on with a mixture of envy, admiration and resignation. The voices of those who felt that the needs of Montreal were once again being ignored were once again drowned out by praise for the master.

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The city administration had plans for the Olymincluding the citizens of piad, but outsiders, Montreal, were not to be party to them until years later. ’ The first glimpse Montrealers were to get of what lay in store came almost exactly two years later. Since the Amsterdam meeting, ‘almost nothing had been said publicly about the Games. But on the evening of April 6, 1972, before 3,000 invited guests, including 100 foreign journalists flown in on an all-expense-paid junket, the mayor presented an audio-visual extravaganza showing the plans for the Olympic facilities. Again he stated, the Games would not cost the taxpayers a cent; nobility and simplicity were the rules of the game. There have always been doubting Thomases when it comes to mayor Drapeau’s plans. A few of them thought there was something vaguely familiar about the bold new stadium the city proposed to build. They went to the fdes. They found that prio’ to Expo, the mayor had suffered one. of his few public defeats. He had dreamt of having an Expo symbol, something that would be remembered like the Eiffel Tower. He had hired a French architect to design a large looming structure, which would be jointly built by the cities of Paris and Montreal for an estimated cost of $10 million each. The estimate soon proved to be out of whack and costs rose to an estimated $35 million. Paris pulled out. The mayor wanted to go it alone, but executive committee chairman- Lucien Saulnier’s more practical head prevailed ., The tower was scrapped. However the tower, or mast, looming over the proposed Olympic stadium bore a surprisingly similar design to the scrapped tower. Those who sus- . petted that the mayor’s promise that the Games would be simple was so much rhetoric saw grandeur in the new design. According to Drapeau’s version, the Montreal public works department sent a team around the world looking-at new stadium designs to find something appropriate for Montreal. They found it, according to this version of events, in Part des ‘Pr’ inces, the new Paris soccer stadium desighed by -Roger Taillibert . Informed by the public works department of this marvel, Drapeau dropped j by Tailhbert’s office in Paris to see his designs and ideas for sports facilities. “Nous avons ete seduits,” says Drapeau today“We were seduced. . .” by Taillibert’s plans. So, secretly, Drapeau hired his own personal pyramid builder. When the IOC awards the Games it awards them to a city. Then the idea is for the city and the local national Olympic association to set up an organizr ing committee. In the past, cities have set up two groups: one to organize the Games, the other to undertake construction. Normally, these committees are tripartite, as in Munich for example, involving city, state and federal governments. In Montreal, and Howard Wright, . the . . . Drapeau . . _

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Vancouver president of the Canadian Olympic AsUp until then, COJO and the city had operated sociation; set up COJO-Conrite Organisateur des according to the style and custom that Jean Drapeau Jeux Olympiques. The COJO board of directors had developed over the years: total secrecyAon’t was set up to include people from three levels of tell the press and public a thing unless it suits your purpose.. government plus the COA. Now this may work-has worked for-the The city itself would handle all major facilities ’ within Montreal,while COJO would handle. . mayor-if everything goes according to the previfacilities outside the city-sailing in Kingston, Onously announced theory. Unfortunately, by the summer of 1974, the theory was visibly starting to tario, improvements in existing facilities in Ottawa fall apart. and Toronto where some soccer games were to be Six weeks before the World Cycling Championheld, equestrian facilities in Bromont, Quebec, etc. ships, the city had to announce that the Velodrome This-was a departure from the norm-one of many. ’ wouldn’t be ready on time. No matter, the COJO From the start, Drapeau was determined to have and the city, in six short weeks, managed to come up an ambassador head up COJQ. It would be good to cycle track at the University of have a diplomat and it would be good to have , with a temporary Montreal. It was a huge success and cost $400,000. somebody from the federal level. . Costs at the actual, Velodrome were to shoot up to Roger Rousseau, ambassador to the Camaroons over $60 million. was’ chosen, partly beeause of his African In principle, the city of Montreal’s public works thought to be helpful if black countries experiencedepartment was in charge of construction, according got worked up over South Africa. Others were to designs from Taillibert in France. One of the trouadded-some regarded as provincial nominees, and reothers, like Gerry Synder, plainly- creatures of the ‘( bles was that the designs, all innovative volutionary, were arriving late and in sketchy form. city. The COA was also represented. The contractor Charles Duranceau was having ’ But the major responsibility of construction was , -enormous technical problems. In addition, great kept totally under the direction of the city and animosity was building up between Taillibert and mayor Drapeau. And right from the beginning local engineers. things started to go wrong on two fronts The contractor’s vice-president for engineering -budgetary and construction. told them the project couldn’t be done on time. On that April day, 1972, urhen the-city spectacuTaillibert and Drapeau were enraged. larly unveiled plans for the stadium, .mayor Soon after, the contractor Duranceau went to see Drapeau refused to give any details regarding Roger Taillibert at a cocktail party and admitted: budget cost of financing. (It’s interesting to note “Here in Canada,‘we don’t have the expertise to that while all manner of dignitaries and officials handle this . . .do you have any suggestions on how were present at the extravaganza, there were not federal Liberals present despite invitations .) Roger . we can work this thing out?” . Within a short space -of time, the vice-president Taillibert,- however, casually told a reporter at the was fired and replaced by a French associate of time his stadium could probably be built for $60 Taillibert, Gerard Riout. This started a small migramillion. tion of French experts into posts of importance in Mayor Drapeau today maintains that one of the Olympic construction, including Riout’s brother-in reasons for all the current problems is that the fedrelations with Taileral government was tardy in putting into effect all I law, Roger Robert, Duranceau’s libeifand the city improved. the self-financing schemes and therefore everything But costs continuedto rise an at even steeper pace was delayed by almost a year. A close examination accompanied by no noticeable improvement in of the record fails to give credence to this. r” progress. Right next to the bungled Velodrome, preliminary Ottawa’s estimates Les Terrasses Za work started on the main stadium complex, with Vienna prior to an The first word from COJO and the city about costs Duranceau going into a consortium with Desourdy was late in 1972. ’ deal. construction, one of the biggest contractors in Zarolega stoc In a letter to the federal government ,-Roger RousQuebec with good ‘connections in Quebec City. The developers-‘ ‘Za seau said all costs could be covered through three experience at the Velodrome was to repeat itself, revenue schemes: a national lottery; sales. of preGerald Robinson, with more disastrous consequences. Andrew Gaty . Th mium postage stamps; sales of specially minted Meanwhile, with the crisis and the monumental part by the city at t coins. All required federal approval and legislation, problems that were developing on the Olympic Park November 1974 m while the lottery scheme required agreement from site, the stage was being set for a scandalous rip-off be one of the most all 10 provinces. across Sherbrooke St. at the Olympic Village site. . The total budget, as presented in late 1972, was to Canadian urban hj be $310 million-$250 million for construction, $60 Zappia went on -Olympic Village million for COJO’s prganization. Revenues would perplexing bid be $250 million from coins, $32 million from the Originally,. mayor Diapeau’s miraculous self Progressive-Cons lottery , $10 million from stamps and $18 million from financing scheme called for the Village to be de_ foray into politics tickets, concessions, and licensing. veloped as a low-rental housing project to qualify for * up an obscure thirc -As early as the summer of 1972, the federal year’s civic electic Central Mortgage and Hous&g Corporation financgovernment’s own experts had prepared cost estiThe party ended ing. mates, since none had been forthcoming from the Outside experts, including the Quebec govern. October ELQ cris city; they decid.ed the Games would cost a minimum merit, planners, environmentalists worried about ture at the time tl of a half billion dollars. the loss of green spaces: many claimed it would be serious party, thal It would seem, then, that the very first Olympic tion votes away 1 better to set up a temporary village or a decenbudget was completely unrealistic. It was either tralized, scattered village to alleviate the city’s housparty, and that the self-delusion, self-deception or a con job. ing problems. taking care of FR, On the construction front, work on the first major Mysteriously, the city and COJO opted for private The other three i development on the city’s municipal golf course. facility, the Velodrome, had run into trouble early. Montreal develop There were snags in preparing the foundation. Ideas were invited. Some were-received and repartnership with 1 The first rock and soil analyses were erroneous. jected out of hand while others never got responses. president of the Tc Time started to run out. The IOC got worried. There were numerous delays, costs started to mount apartment building for the structure originally budgeted at $12 million. It Finally, under circumstances never fully exping which was raic was supposed to be ready for the summer of 1974, lained, a plan was hammered out between mayor investigation. Web for the world cycling championships. Drapeau and COJO officials and a consortium called on Peel St. which

late one evening in ig called to approve the group of Montreal ph Zappia, “Ro” for tene Lepine, “Ga”.for v signed-approved in ncil meeting before the ec tions-may prove to ly profitable in modern name for himself in a leadership of the ?arty . His only other i 1970 when he headed Montreal Party, in that ting things out after the ce. There was conjecntreal Party WCS not a ant to channel opposiP, the real opposition risis did a betterjob of ega group are fairly big ie, for example, is in ‘ebster, chairman and le and Mail, in a luxury )wn Montreal, a buildpolice in the Zarolega wns the Windsor Hotel iyor Drapeau’s unsuc-

cessful restaurant, and he was the mayor’s major creditor when the ill-starred’l/aisseau d’Or\ sank into bankruptcy. Further, Drapeau’s chief Olympic adviser, Gerry Snyder, who also is vice-president for revenue of COJO, has been working for Webster’s Vulcan Investments, one of the major groups seeking a National League baseball franchise for Toronto. Briefly, the Zarolega deal called for a $28 million private development on the city-owned golf course in which the investors had only had to put up $2 million, most of it covered by architectural and management fees. A bank mortgage was arranged for a small part while COJO agreed to mortgage the rest. In keeping with the Olympic spirit, the cost of the entire project has shot up to nearly $80 million. It has resulted in a police investigation and scores of raids and seizures of related documents. Charges are expected to be laidin March. The histpry of the Olympic Village project smells from the start. First off, it’s nearly an exact copy of a seaside condominium development in’Baie des Anges, near Nice in the South of France. The architect of the French project told a Montreal Gazette reporter, Ann Laughlin, he met with a group from Montreal in early 1974, well before the Village contract was granted, who said they were going to build the Montreal Olympic Village. It included members of the Zarolega group, plus Y von Dubois, the mayor of the Olympic Village, and Simon St. Pierre, the COJO vice-president, along* with a Countess from Paris. They checked his drawings, visited again, and ’ then the architect never heard from them-until he saw the winning village concept unveiled by mayor Drapeau; In architecture, plagiarism is hard to prove. Ho.wever, the’French project is on the seaside and mayor Drapeau originally wanted an artificial lake built beside the Olympic pyramids, but ,was dissuaded by costs. That cancelled whim saved the taxpayers a bundle. . The Zarolega contract was so blatantly one-sided _that a Quebec parliamentary commission in January 1974 asked that it be reworked. The new one hasn’t been signed and the village has been built, so we can assume the fantastic benefits and profits have gone through. Although Zarolega put up very little. cash, they were assigned a 12 per cent management fee for costs up to $30 million, and an eight per cent fee for costs above that amount. Normally, developers can expect five or six per cent with a ceiling on costs. And with their elevated percentage fees, Zarolega was not even responsible for administration or site co-ordination. This was left to COJO. In effect, Zarolega was to be rewarded for any incompetence, booberyand over-pricing that could drive prices up. The Olympic Village contract - _ contained provisions that could only help to drive costs up to the maximum level. Thus the legal provisions alone warrant an investigation. On top of that, a consulting firm hired to check out spiraling village costs stated that original cost estimates were manifestly wrong, that at one point when .? /‘

Zarolega put forward a $45 million estimate it should have read $74 million. In addition, silly and dubious bonus clauses gave ’ contractors extra millions in profits while the original developers were able to walk off with enormous profits way before completion, leaving COJO holding a debt estimated at over $60 million. And Zarolega still retains control of the twin pyramid buildings. Some COJO people feel the village may not even be adequate to do what it’s supposed to do, namely house nearly 10,000 athletes for the Games. There are ,900~odd units in the twin pyramid structure, a large part of them bachelor and one-bedroom. That works out to over 10 athletes per unit. _ There are not enough toilets, so Johnny-on-thespots may have to be installed on each floor. As the other fronts started to detetiorate, work on the main Olympic site began to get hopelessly bungled and confused. Throughout, costs escalated spectacularly. One of the major factors in the escalation was the design itself, as it was of enormous technical complexity. As the mayor was, and is fond of proclaiming, the design was like nothing anywhere in the world. The tower, for example, was to be the height of a %-story building, but leaning somewhat more crazily than the Leaning Tower of Pisa, no mean technical feat. Engineers and other experts worked continually with computers to see how, and if it would stand. One computer study indicated it would-just. They were not sure if the safety margin was big enough. In fact the whole mammoth stadium design is delicately balanced ,’ with cantilevered supports, everything fitting into place with millimetre precision. Except the specification drawings weren’t always precise, causing delays, redesign problems and repetition of engineering work. There were constant changes. For example, at one point- Taillibert, presumably after consultaion with Drapeau, removed one of the vertical supports for the cantilevered roof structure. One report has it that this change alone cost an extra $75 million. Actual construction of the stadium didn’t start until the late summer of 1974 and many insiders felt it was already too late to hope for completion. In addi- ’ tion, there was constant confusion as to the chain of authority, resulting in administrative and technical chaos. The public works department of the city was nom- . inally in-charge. Taillibert, who prefers to be called a builder rather than a simple architect, comported himself in a manner which suggested he was most jealous of his artistic creation. There were unkind 1cuts from local engineers that he was a prima donna. In addition,?it the insistence of Quebec City, the firm of Lalonde, Valois, Lamarre, Valois et Associes, was appointed as project. co-ordinators. They were responsible for cost control, what there was of it, and cont,racts. Another part of the management equation consisted of the general contractors, a new consortium composed of Duranceau and Desourdy construct,ion, of whit-hwe will speak later. Suffice to say that,, , , _.

there was considerable wrangling and politicking amongst these elements, none of which-improved efficiency. In fact, while under the city’s administration, chaos was the order of the day. To be sure, labor problems and strikes did add to costs and necessitated revised schedules, but in the overall scheme of things it was not as great a contributing factor as many of those responsible w.ould like to make of it. For example, I have spoken to numerous tradesmen on the site who have described conditions, of which the following is typical. A welder was working seven adays a week, an average of ten hours a day. His gross pay averaged $1,200 a week (of which $459 was take-home. Since he wasn’t a doctor, lawier, or journalist, his tax bracket was very high without any professional deductions.) He estimated that out of all that-time on the site, he averaged two hours of work a week. The rest of the time he sat around waiting for the consultants, engineers, etc. to sort out the jungle of plans, conflicting authorities, and new work schedules and critical paths that were being churned out by computers. There were forests of cranes sitting around the site, some being rented at $350 an hour, 24 hours a day, which never moved for weeks. Myriad amounts of other’ expensive equipment similarly lay unused, but nevertheless was profitable to whoever owned -_ them.

Mismanabement In short, it was a total collapse of administration. Mismanagement was complete. Dr. Victor Goldbloom-, a pediatrician and Quebec government minister. now responsible for the Olympics, said after the provincial takeover that the works had become “a treadmill” in the latter months of the city’s control. Progress was virtually nil. One’ thing is certain, while timetables and plans and budgets lay in ruins, week after week, day after day, costs and private profits continued on an unparalleled course-nobody has ever heard of a contractor going broke or suffering because of failure to stay within a budget, meet deadlines or anything else. The money kept rolling. And almost every single contract signed can be termed scandalous . from . a moral or ethical point of view. ’ All norms for healthy public administration of public funds were thrown to the winds. Public tenders were eliminated early in the game. Cost-plus contracts , merely a* incentive to push up spending, became the rule of the day. There isn’t enough space to enumerate all that went on, or is going on. We’ll settle for the description of one rather unique contract. Plans called for the stadium to be prefabricated in some 2,000 sections. The city awarded the c&tract in October 1974 to a pre-cast concrete company called’ Schokbeton Quebec Inc., in St. Eustache, northwest of- thecity, a company which engaged many of the experts originally brought in by other contractors from France on the recommendation of Agence Taillibert, the architect’s group. . _, _

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Critics say that the requirements and specifications for viously constructed a home for Niding, and who coincidenwere drawn up in such a way that tally purchased a piece of land from the Desourdys across ” computer programming only IBM was able to fti the order. from Niding’s home and built himself a beautiful .house. It is also said that their contract cost over 45 per cent Shortly after this, the city executive committee, of which above what would normally be expected. Even so, COJO Niding is chairman, awarded Desourdy, along with Charles sources say much of their computer programming is in a Duranceau, the rather lucrative contract to build the $650 hopeless snarl. million Olympic Stadium. . Despite all intentions, ‘in fact; it-seems most things asAs for architect Charbonneau, his firm received two sociated with the Games are in a snarl, almost as if there’s a Olympic contracts, one to work on the $56 million Claude curse pbt upon those who would tamper with the gods of Robillard Olympic centre. and another to supply architecMount Olympus. ’ tural personnel to the city’s Olympic Parks division of the Television rights, for instance, have been one big public works dept. headache from the beginning. And then COJO, despite all advice from Canadian equesABC won the American TV rights for $25 million after a trian federations, decided to hold the Olympic equestrian very mysterious negotiating and contract awarding process. events in Bromont, on land owned by Desourdy. )This ocThe two other major U.S. networks, CBS and NBC cried curred not long after Roland Desourdy, a rather impressive foul, saying that ABC had been given the inside track and gentleman, gave British equestrian enthusiast Prince Philip allowed to mat&+ any bid offered. TV executives charged a tour of Bromont. for the rights included a $5 Roland Desourdy, amongst his other talents, is quite a _ that one of the requirements million donation to the Quebec Liberal Party. This was hors em an in his own right. He introduced Niding to the sport denied. ~ some years back. Niding regularly used to enjoy hourseback Paul Desrochers, formerly Robert Bourassa’s right hand riding at the Hunt Club in Bromont, of which Desourdy is man and eminence grise had been in charge of those New Hunt Master, until this writer unkindly brought up the coinciYork negotiations. Desrochers stillsits on the COJO boarddence of the aforementioned contracts in city &uncil last / of governors. spring. CBC, through ORTO, the Olympic Radio and Television COJO vice-president Simon St. Pierre also spent many ’ Organization and a hefty federal government grant, is weekends in the past two years riding at Desourdy’s private charged with furnishing all foreign networks with the video club. It was there that St. Pierre suffered his fatal accident, portion of the broadcasts . ‘8 one weekend this January, falling off his horse,and injuring his head. Broadcasting is a massive. complex part of the games and ORTO has been working on,plans for two years or so, based upon the single video feed. Recently, ABC decided it wanted to use% small portable cam&as, the type used on ’ football sidelines and hanging out of the’Goodyear blimp, but it throws ORTO planning completely out of whack and causes great technical problems. ORTO vetoed the idea, but Simon St. Pierre intervened saying whatever ABC wants, ’ ABC gets.. The Euro an and world rights were negotiated in a much more hostil r manner and almost ended up with no contract. While ABC’s deal was completed well over a year and a half ago, the rest wasn’t agreed upon until this past fall, following an at times acrimonious debate and’much negative publicity in Europe that COJO was trying to conduct a holdup.

. _ continued from page 17 First off, the city was to be the exclusive customer of the firm. Therefore, for starters the city agreed to pay a rental of $50,000 for the plant. Since the plant was not big enough to handle the job, the city also agreed to build the company a second plant for $465,0 (gone up of course). Then the city agreed to pay all Schokbeton expenses’ -from the telephone and electrical bills, to secretaries to all manpower costs to even their real estate taxes. In addition to honourariums, the city also agreed to pay the company president a bonus of $50,000 and its vice-president $35,000, so that “they would consecrate a major part of their time to the work.” _ There were’many other equally aberrant clauses in the contract, all of which were defended in city council (one of the few contracts to be discussed in city council) by the director of public works, Charles Boileau, the city legal advisorMiche1 Cot& since resigned, and the chairman of the. executive committee, Gerard Niding, b former contractor himself. All felt the no-risk, guaranteed profit aspects of the contract, and others like-it, were quite compatible with the capitalist ethic. And perhaps they’re right. Another peculiar aspect of the Schokbeton contract was that it was only signed in April 1975. Montrealawarded the work in the fall of 1974 and immediately built the company a new plant. Only afterwards did they bother to enter into negotiations.

c Waltz of the miilions

Since at this point the city had no other choice but to stay - morse, incidentally, had been given to St. Pierre as a with Schokbeton, the company, theoretically, could debirthday present by COJO employees, and was presented to mand anything. If the city refused the terms it could hardly him in the COJO building next to Montreal city hall. The pick up the plant i which had been producing for months, and employees brought the horse up in a freight elevator. look for another firm at that late date. The company seemed The demise of St. Pierre was a grievous blow for COJO, to hold an extremely powerful negotiating position. It seemed since he was the key man in the organization, perhaps the to have made use of it. only man-including president Rousseau-who knew evI Similarly,~even the project co-ordinators, Lalonde, Valerything that was going on. ois, Lamarre et Valois, although working ‘since the summer Well-liked and amiable, he had been incharge of many of of 1974, never got around to signing a contract until this past the delicate negotiations between COJO and governments fall. Taillibert himself still hasn’t signed-a contract,although and agencies, plus contractors and suppliers as well as he has taken advances of over $3 million,h and a contract groups like Les Terrasses Zarolega, He was one f the first worth up to. $36 million sat around unsigned for at least victims of police raids in their village inves tiga Pion. several months. His‘death caused much consternation at COJO, as did the earlier death of Pierre Charbonneau, the vice-president in charge of sports, and one of the few men who understood Desourby connedion Olympic sports in the COJO hierarchy. One of the more interesting aspects of the Olympics is the Olympic construction, itself claimed yet another victim role of Roland Desourdy, a firm supporter. of the current when Jean-Marie Lesage, a 35-year-old worker fell 85 feet to Olympic project. With good reason, it would seem,% his deat.h in the autumn. There have been numerous other He is one of the major construction contractors in the work accidents on the. site, lending cre_dence to union claims province, having been involved in many major public that safety was not a ,priority in construction. works. He used to be mayor of Cowansville in the Eastern Despite many accidents there has been no apparent’imTownships, while his brother Germain was and still is mayor proven@nt in safety conditions, and in late January conof neighboring B-romont . strubtion claimed another victim, 42-year-old Livio Rizzi. In that area the Desourdy name is king. They own the At any rate, Desourdy, while busily attempting to build farms,‘the hotels, the industrial land, the ski centres the Olympic stadium, can boast of hosting the only Olympip virtually everything. They can be compared to those Southevent on private property, on more than $3 million worth of em U.S. famihes one s-in the films that back in the 1930’s facilities paid- for by COJO,, all of which will revert to his , controlled whole*counties ,‘were the bosses. ownership after the Games. Bromont lies southeast of Montreal, near where the pro1 “It’s like throwing a big party,” he said recently, “and vincial government had wanted the new Montreal Intemanot having to pay the bills.” tional Airport to be built, instead of Mirabel, the Federal \ Even the CMHC came through and,helped finance some - choice for the hal%billion dollar jetport. It’s prime developof the Olympic lodgings, facing Bromont ski hill. The lod/ ment country. ’ gings are supposed to be low rental housing after the games, In September’l973, Gerard ‘Niding, chairman of the even though they look more like ski resort condominiums. Montreal city council executive committee purchased from It is said though that it will go for housing for employees of ~ the Desourdys a small tract of land in Bromont, overlooking a nearby IBM1 plant, built largely with federal aid on Dea very attractive valley. .. sourdy land, acquired fim farmers under. threat of exprop-He pr&eeded to have a modest country home built, conriation from mayor Desourdy. . taming a heated indoor ,swimming pool. Total costs are , By coincidence, Simon St. Pierre used to work ior IBM estimated in the area of $150,000. At least some of the many, many years ago. His temporary successor at COJO is constructipn work was done by men employed by DeMichel Guay, also director of technology and construction sourdy. ,jj who came to COJO after serving as Eastern Canada director The general contractor was Lecavelier Construction, of marketing for IBM. which says it was paid by a third party and not by Niding. IBM was also awarded the contract for programming at Architect was a C~les Charbonneau, a.man who had pre‘COJO which is making extensive use of computer planning. / ‘i = .* \ ’ ,i I

4’

Olympic costs kept spiralling at such a heady rate, and so frequently, that the local press referred to it as the “waltz of millions.” Up until the November 1974 elections; the Mayor had insisted that t e Games construction budget of $250 million was being s ihrictly adhered to. By February 1975 it had more than doubled to $5 11 million while COJO’s orgariizing costs. were’fixed at $127 million, for a total of $638 million. Six months later the figure was $785 million. Four months after that, this past November, estimates had reached $851 million, and the provincial government stirred lugubriously into action, taking over construction of the Olympic park, By Christmas, and anotherexpertgalnce at the books, the figure was set at somewhere over a billion. And somehow, the revised firgures a month later put it all at $1.2 billion. And there’s still several months to do. Furthermore, these figures don’t include- a lot of direct federal spending, such as well over $100 million for security (involving almost the entire’combat strength of theCanadian Armed Forces) plus millions more for immigration (read, terrorist) control, a $50 million federal grant to the CBC, and several millions of Quebec City money for various and sundry projects. A grand total of-$1.5 billion is therefore more realistic. ’ . One of the,.Game’s major problems is that figures for revenues from the various self-financing projects managed to remain somewhat more stable, settl$ng in at about $425 million. I That leaves a debt, or a ‘gap’ as mayor Drapeau prefers to call it, for the city and province of about $800 million. By way of comparison, let’s look at how much some other Canadian endeavours cost. The St. Lawrence Seaway was completedin 1959, creating a 27-foot shipping channel from Montreal to L’ake Erie, for a total cost of $470 million (The United States even paid. for about a ‘quarter of that). According to Statistics Canadarfigures for inflation in nonresidential construction, that amounts to $1.23 billion in 1975 ,,dollars. And that was a great national expense. Extrapolating the same figures; the 1958 Transdanada pipeline (2,200 miles) cost $97O/million ’ today’s dollars. And that caused’one of the most tumu ? tuous debates in Canadian parliamentary history. In Quebec, the greatest single undertaking until 1970 was the province’s nationalization of hydro-electric companies, ., -designed to give Quebec the basis for an industrial backbone-it cost a mere $600 million. Montreal, and now Quebec, is spending more than the cost of any of these major projects for a two-week sporting event plus some permanent athletic facilities. How much should a stadium cost? Well, about five years ago the good people of Foxboro, Mass., home of football’s New England, Patriots built a 70,000 seat stadium for $6 million. For the price of one Olympic stadium, Montreal could have had 100 of these 70,000 seat stadiums. Albeit, the Foxboro structure is somewhat functional and spartan. . The Olympics will open-in Montreal this summer, but in a rather more modest context than city &cials had hoped. Basically it will be held in the unfinished stadium. The land scaping and shrubbery won’t bethere, so- muchof the park will be bleak unfinished concrete; testimony to what might have been. But with any luck, the athletic events-totally ignored by just about everybody until now-will turn out :for the best.

friday,

march

19, 1976

’

Have you ever had the urge to fly? Not just to lumber in the air inside a 747 but actually to soar like a bird in the open air? If so, then be at the Campus Centre, room 135, on March 23 at 3:00 pm 8:00 pm when Michael Robertson will be conducting a free seminar on sky sailing. Titled ‘ ‘ The Realization of Man’s Oldest Dream”, the seminar will consist of a film and discussion on hang gliding, an old way of flying that is rapidly attracting new devotees. Robertson, who is president of “FIigh Perspective”, a Toronto area hang gliding group, iv interested in seeing the sport continue to develop but fears that it “is being butchered by a lack of expertise.” He cited the too-ready av. ailability of equipment without instruction as a major problem hindering development. Saying that “many people are getting involved in hang gliding who are not suited to it,” Robertson hopes to change the image of to a the sport from “crash-bash” means of heightening one’s awareness. But in order to accomplish this a person must first learn to fly properly and safely, he says. Just to fly is easy; it’s like scuba diving. Anyone can put on a tank and mask and jump in; you don’t even have to know how to swim, Robertson claims. If you want to do it safely and get the most out of it, however, you must understand the principles involved in what you are doing. l So that although he feels that the flying itself need not be taught, the idea of the air as a “safe environ< ment to explore” must be learned through instruction. Robertson has been involved in various forms of gliding for 10 years and has been teaching it for five. IIe was the world record holder in flat kite competition from 1968-70. He also manufactures hang gliders. which, he says, sell for about $600 complete or $450 for a kit. -The gliders are constructed from magnesium-aluminum alloy tubing, stainless steel cables and 3.8 oz. stabilized Dacron fabric. Robertson explains that this is the only really suitable fabric since it exhibits the essential characteristics of “zero stretch, zero porosity”. It is expensive, however, since there is only one North American manufacturer. Hang gliding originated with Otto Lillienthal in the late 1800’s

Last Wednesday night favored third rank Eng. I was defeated by 11th rank Village One South in the B division ice hockey finals. Although the score indicated that the team was outmatched some attributed the loss to the engineer’s injured goalie Bob Spinner who tore a ligament in his leg in the prior game. Bob Spinner was the entire league’s top goalie with the best goals against record of 1.36. In the quarter finals engineering defeated Village Two West 2-l and in the semi-finals defeated Village Two South, 1-O in an excellent game. The team wishes to congr.atulate the Village One South team on a well played game.

the chevron

when he began experimenting with flight. The sport in its present form began with Francis Rogallo, who developed the airfoil for NASA as a re-entry vehicle for missile sec-a tions. The IJS armed forces tried to develop the airfoil for use as‘an escape vehicle by their pilots in Vietnam, but both applications failed since -. _ the design is not suitable for high speeds. In 1962 an Australian adapted the Rogallo airfoil for use as a waterskiing kite and a Californian, Richard Miller, began to popularize the sport there in 1965.

IIere the Ministry of Transport has examined hang gliding and come out with recommendations, such as that beginners should not fly in winds over 10 mph. (Robertson believes that a beginner should not fly in winds over eight mph.) They have not yet come out with any legislation controlling the sport however. Robertson hopes that his seminar will promote safety among gliders and make sure that “people who want to get involved will get involved in a safe, sane and practical way.” -henry

Ress

photo by helen witruk

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friday,

the chevron

The survival Those who were responsible for the screen production of “A Boy and his Dog” have to be commended at least for their restraint W Movies like “A Clockwork Orange” have opened up ground in the commercial media for exp-

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19, 1976

him and thus infuriates him into pursuing her back to her society. He has to leave his wounded and protesting dog-friend behind, which looks like the end of their relationship. Down below he is captured and informed that he was consciously enticed to this world of not only social but apparently genital sterility. The native men are having trouble siring children and Vic’s “virility” is pressed into service. At first he figures this will be a ’ sexual paradise for him, but here the film innovatively deviates from the original story. In Ellison’s novella, he is encouraged to have physical intercourse with the women, whereas in the film he is strapped into a mat hine whit h masturbates him and collects his semen as each bride is brought into the laboratory . This mechanical rape is a fitting nemesis for his sexual activities on the surface of the world, yet his escape comes before he learns any lessons about objectification of women (or of men, for that matter). The woman who caused his capture aids in his escape, but on their return to the desolate surface Vic is faced by a choice between searching for “over the hill” with the woman or else immediately finding food for his desperately wounded and starving dog. , His decision seems to cause him only a small amount of grief, and involves only a simple transfer of mental categories: while once he saw the woman as sex object, she now becomes th,e food his dog-friend needs to survive. Thus, the end.of the film romatically portrays the fading into the sunset of a boy and his dog.

and politically. And contentedness is the rule or else. Both worlds necessitate pure and simple existences: up top it’s fight or be killed; down below it’s smile cinematically on such _violent or you’ll be executed. themes. Dogs appear to have evolved The producers, however, were creatures relatively well-mannered, and into highly intelligent with the ability of telepathic without a doubt this movie will communication with humans and find its way to prime time TV. highly accurate But that possibility in itself is an a long-range, sense of smell, but for some unevaluation of the film’s merit. It’s clear reason they have lost the banal. ability to feed themselves. The violence is muted by either a distance or a darkness on the Vic is a “solo” (loner) who screen. The sex is mostly offsort of gets along with his dog camera in a manner more typical “Blood”. One of the most amusof the mid to late-sixties. This is ing aspects of the movie is that somewhat plastic, although not the dog is much smarter and really offensive; however, when more perceptive of his surroundit comes to innovation in the ings than is the human. story line and setting, the reVic and Blood express much straint becomes obnoxious. more of a dependency in their reOn the scarred and rubblelationship than a mutuality. Destrewn surface of a post-nuclear spite the fact that their minds are war world, scattered groups and linked, there is little sensitivity to individuals (mostly male) forage each others needs except in a the ruins for canned food and imbartering fashion: “I’ll give you plements left over from the presome food if you sniff me out a vious society, and also for women leave me, I’m woman” ; “don’t whose rarity on this world is not getting old and I can’t compete clearly explained. with the younger dogs.. .” “ . . . you can’t think for yourCompetition for everything is not merely fierce, it’s vicious, self’. with most people running around Their motivations in life are acting like the stereotypical biker few: food (for both), women (for in pursuit of blood for blood’s sake. Vic), and green pastures “over sake. the Hill” (for both), the last being Below the surface lives the their utopian version of “getting ultra-clean but clearly auback to the land”. thoritarian society that parades in In the pursuit of these things red-white-and-blue and exudes a Vic is seduced by a woman from puritanism as emphatically as the below-a highly illogical situation upper world presents violence. in the context of the film’s perva-It is highly mechanized, not sively violent and maleonly technologically but socially dominated sexuality-who tricks

licit violence, especially the kind that mingles not-so-subtley with sexuality. And the original story written by Harlan Ellison-probably as an elaborate joke with a single punchline as the ending-allows ample opportunity for expounding

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9 AM

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march

the chevron

19, 1976

TEAM

MAKES

PLAYOFFS

In a tight race for the fourth and final playoff position in the Southwestern Ontario Chess League, the UW No. “B” Chess Team edged out the Kitchener team and one of the London teams in the tiebreak. The race was so close that if any of the match results for the.UW team were even marginally worse, one of the other teams would have made the playoffs instead. The members of the UW No. 1 “B” team are: Rick Martin (Captain), Paul Kostiuk, Robert lnkol and Bob Long. In the UW Chess Club Tournament, Rick Martin turned in a fine performance by taking first place overall with 4.5 points out of a possible 5. Tied for second were B. Douthwaite, J. Zendrowski, and G. Oldheiser with 4 points. The Class B prize was won by Paul Kostiuk with 3.5 points while Gord Oldheiser won the Class C prize. The Class D and Unrated prize was awarded to E. Penrose who had 3 points. The following game was played by Rick Martin in the recent match with the London Chess Team. Black plays inaccurately in the opening, a crime for which he is speedily punished.

FRENCH

Qn campus tonight,

Saiturday and Sunday in Arts Lecture

osium ’ * Discussions

to be led by:

Arnold

Montreal city councillor, Movement

Bennet

member

of the Montreal

!S Citizens

Brian Bourns Ottawa city councillor Jean Cimon architect, planner and activist in Quebec City don Clark planner, city of Regina and a contributor to City Magazine David Estrin from the Canadian Environmental Law Association a Sam Fulton Ottawa neighbourhood planner x Marie Grehan project planner, Ministry of Housing, Sault Ste. Marie Donald Gutstein author of Vancouver Ltd. and community activist Dan Heap Toronto city councillor, member of the Toronto Reform Caucus Peter Hudson Winnipeg community organizer Henry Milner MCM activist and on the staff of Our Generation Marie Murphy staff organizer, Movement for Municipal Reform, Toronto Gail Olders from the Ottawa Federation of Citizens Associations Jerry Green on staff of The Critical list Yves Normandin MCM councillor blovia Carter U of W Planner More information

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DEFENCE

Black: D. Kashikjian White: R. Martin 1 P-K4 P-K3 2 P-Q4 P-Q4 3 wQ2 . .. The Tarrasch Variation. At Q2 the Knight cannot be successfully pinned with . . .B-N5 and the QBP is kept mobile. The other major alternative was 3 N-QB3. P-QR3?! 3 ... This is perhaps premature. Usual is 3 . . .P-QB4. 4 N-KB3 P-QB4 KPXP 5 KPXP 6 QPXP . .. White plays to give Black the positional disadvantage of an isolated Queen Pawn. 6 BXP 7 N.-N3 t B-R2 N-QB3? 8 B-Q3 Black misses his chance for securing equality with this inaccuracy. Best here is 8 . = ., Q-K2ch! (Encyclopedia of Chess Openings, Volume 1). 9 o-o N-KB3?! Now it can be seen that Black has problems with the open King file. 8 . . ., Q-K2ch! would have forced White to interpose a piece on the King File and prevented White’s game continuation. Possibly 9 . . ., N-K2 was better. B-K3 IO R-Klch 11 B-B5 ’ Q-Q3 12 QN-Q4 . .. White piles the pressure on Black’s hapless Queen Bishop. 12 N-K5 Black blocks the King File and tries to attack White’s KB2. 13 B-K3 O-O-O? It was better to castle King-side as the King is less exposed there and the Bishop at R2 would still be defended. 14 NXB! PXN Forced. 15 BXN B-N1 ? Blackdreamsof a matingattackon the QNI-KR7diagonal but White’s precise play doesn’t give him a chance. 16 B-Q3 QR-Bl 17 P-KN3 P-K4 18 B-KBI P-KR3 19 B-R3ch K-Q1 K-K2 20 B-N6ch 2l- P-QB4! ... White breaks the center open. Black’s King will die of exposure. Q-N5 21 22 Pj;P QXB 23 PXN R-Q1 White threatened 24 Q-Q7ch with a quick win. 24 Q-B2 R-Q4 25 Q-N6! Winning easily. Black must& still more material. Both 26 QXNPch or 26 Q-K6ch are threatened. 25 . .. QXBPch Black still has a few spite checks. 26 KXQ R-Q7ch .T 27 NXR R-B1 ch 28 29 30 31

K-N2 KXR K-N2 RXPch

R-B7ch B-R2ch B-B7 Resigns -robert

inkol

ft?day, ‘march

the chevron

qUl?E

Documentary

19, 1976

of destruction

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around thousands of men in a Of all the protest literature that lit joins in with the conscription foreign land. To him casualties has come down to us through, the ’ game. Foolhardy you& men flock to the recruiting offices, kissing aren’t men wounded, they are screaming 60’s, few dramas tianmerely numbers, faceless and inage to reach into the grisly reality of their loved-ones good-bye for what consequential. The General’s only they think will be a short Separamodern warfare and expose the struggle is trying to stay on top; tion. underlying madness which feeds stay in wIith the King. ~. Though the original script sticks war-mentality as successfully as This brings us to the most devasCharles Chilton’s “Oh, What A _ mainly to England, in this productating game of all, the trench game. * tion the conscription game also Lovely War”. The generals call it a war of attritakes place in Kitchener, Ontario, Director M&rten van Dijk leads a well-disciplined cast into this where the local men aren’t quite so tion. The men in the holes, the dough-boys, call it Hell. modern classic with a spirited proanxious to leave their farms for Time is measured in mortar duction, now showing at the glqry and the King. This attempt to bring the play ) blasts. With every explosion one’s Humanities Theatre. life seems that much shorter. Hope This glowing satire follows the closer to its audience works well. is a prayer that the end will come war years, 1914-17, and tells the The recreation of a small-town swiftly and without warning. story from a slightly different perswomen’s auxiliai-y which drives Worse than the blood, worse med into the heroic war, harks forpective than one might find in a histhan the anxiety even, is the feeling ward to the present day since such tory book. The Great War is a great game. vacuous morality still persists in ‘of helplessness that these men constantly lived under. our fair community. Every sector of society has its Next comes the General’s game What can stir one audience move to play for the game to be run to laughter will stir successfully. The first move is where the objective, very simply, is member another to tears. As the,chorus to win no matter how many casualmade by our sovereign leaders (i.e. t’ies must be suffered. sings a light, humourous piece, bethe King, the Kaiser) in declaring The General plays God as if he hind, on a screen, flash slides- of the war. continued on page 23 Wheels begin to turn as the pubwere playing cricket, batting

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sented with a very close group of artists under the guiding genius of graveyards, decaying bodies and Joan ’ Littlewood, English crippled veterans. It all depends director-producer extraordinaire. upon what you want to see. The show demands high energy, The actors are clad in clown strong concentration and firm grip suits, no doubt a comment on the on production by the director. roles they play. To the lieutenants, z The play has two main operating the foot soldiers are clowns. To the levels, often intertwining, but with majors, the lieutenants are clowns. opposite intentions nevertheless. To the generals, the majors are On one level the show is a flashy clowns. And to the arms manufacmusic-hall extravaganza, lots of turers, they are all clowns. legs and lots of jokes. On another On the production side of things, level it is a deadly serious Rene Dowhaniuk and Carl R. Scott documentary on destruction of execute an admirable lighting human life. game. I doubt if the show would If one level has much greater have worked so well without those emphasis than another, then the extra special effects. balance of the play is shot and it Stephen McKernan who, on falls apart. Separately the two short notice, jumped into the role of levels are superficial studies in music director, arranger and contragedy and comedy. Together, ductor, played a fine musical game. equally proportioned, they proBut the most interesting game duce a see-saw effect, highly theatwas instigated by Mr. van Dijk. rical and tremendously moving. For some inexplicable reason, I The show has a few very dry moments. The first act could do feel that Mr. van Dijk has just miswith at least 5 minutes cut and the sed that balance, but come close enough to make this critic feel awsecond act could be ten to fifteen fully glad he didn’t miss the show. minutes shorter. Originally, this show was pre-myles kesten

continued

Fri & Sat Mar 19 & 20 7 & 9:15 pm

The UW Drama Group will present Durrenmatt’s Play Strindberg, starting March 24th and ending March 27th, in the Theatre of the Arts. Durrenmatt, a Swiss playwright, labelled this play as being “a comedy the source of his inspiration being of a bourgeois marriage tragedy”, Strindberg’s Dance of Death. But this is comedy with bite.The seriousness of the thoughts underlying the action cannot be doubted. However, the manner by which these thoughts are presented give the work its texture. The humour is directed at the relationship between men and women, a relationship which fluctuates between the extremes. Durrenmatt has chosen to view the sour side of marriage but, by using his own personal form of “brush-stroke” humour (a humour finding its roots in the absurd), he enters the fray and pursues matters to the brink and beyond. The battle between the-sexes is made ridiculous. It becomes part of some larger joke being perpetrated on the human entity by life. The battle is fought for battle’s sake. There is no logic to justify it. It is simply an antipathy that is both instinctual and natural, just as the anThis slightly fatalistic outlook tipathy between cats and dogs is “natural”. has the advantage of making the tone and. fibre of the play echo with something more resounding than “mere” comedy. This is certainly the mark of a skilled and gifted playwright. The director Tom Bentley-Fisher, a member of the drama department, views the piece as a work-in-progress. The action transpires in a boxing ring (what better way to symbolize battle) and the contestants include two men, Edgar and Kurt, and one woman, Alice. The action progresses through twelve scenes in which the battle rages at varying levels of intensity. The fact that the characters are engaged in a fight to the finish places the play outside the realm of a simple game. Each individual withholds certain information so that he/she can gain the upper hand at a later point. Without giving away too much, it would be possible to say that the strategies and ploys used by the characters do hold a number of interesting surprises in the way of reversals. Performances are scheduled to begins at 8:00 p.m. on the listed dates. Admission is 75 cents. The production is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Drama 499 students Jone Campbell, Bob Ouellette and Bob Selkirk. -dark

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Lasei Books No. 6 “SERVING IN TIME” by Gordon Ek!and _ Gordon Ekland’s laser novel, “Serving In Time”, was a refreshing change from its rather nondescript predecessors. The plot centres around Jan Jeroux, a “kid” of twenty, from the year 2500. His placid world of communal farms (homesteads) is disrupted when he is kidnapped and forced. to serve in the Time Corps., a part of the World Government. Jan meets some typical academy friends, including an attractive, but overly bossy female named Gail Conrad. After their training, comes the graduation. Unlike UniWat, if you fail at the ‘Time Corps., you don’t get a second chance. Gail is head of the class, naturally, and our

hero is at the bottom; the very bot/ tom. into 4 They are then separated teams, with Gail and Jan together, and a middle-aged history teacher in for good measure. (I assume that is why l&z is there, because he is killed off on their first trip upstream!) They are assigned to a #base station in Wyoming, 1729. Their area of operations, the United States of America, from 1700 to 2099. At the base camp they meet one of the best characters Laser has come out with. Horatio Hextor is their squad leader, and a leader he was meant to be. (He has the depth of character promised by editor Roger Elwood, and is the first to be believable). \ Back to the plot, where they

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have replaced the third member with Kirk Rayburn, an old friend from the academy. The group makes several trips upstream to various dates, and meet several important characters. Kirk, however, notices little __ j changes that are taking place, and sets out to change these back to their original course, with disastrous effects on Jan’s homesteadworld. The quality of both the story and the people in it are, by Laser’s past performances, excellent. There is depth andIfamiliarity with the likes of Horatio and some historical figures they meet, and this helps counter plot problems like the useless third- character that was only there for twenty pages. The editing had also improved, as there was but a few typos, and no major problems with structure or grammar. The book is good; what you might expect from a writer like Ekland, but it isn’t top notch. Well worth buying, it is the only one of the first six to get that recommendation. Hopefully it is at the beginning of an upward trend in the quality of Laser Books. We know they have the quantity, and they seem to be getting the idea behind the other half of the deal. wallis

Sci Fi e

Stereo Receivers Mfgs.

19, 1976

head

-mike

march

Packaae

Svsterhs-

lI95

The UW science fictionclub will present their last movie of the term, “Silent Running”, on March 22. To dispel any rumors concerning the title, it is not a submarine epic, but an ecology-based story set in interplanetary space at the turn of the century. The film is based on the ecology movement of the late sixties. The Earth of the fdm’s future is totally artificial. Global temperature is maintained at 23 degrees (Celsius), people eat artificially produced protein cubes for food, and Nature has lost her running battle with Humankind. . The last vestiges of Earth’s once mighty forests are carried through space aboard ships of the department of the interior. This is the starting point for the film’s plot. Aboard one of the ships is an _ ecologist, played by Bruce Dern. He is considered an oddball by the rest of the crew because he sincerely cares for the trees and animals, and rejects the unnatural society of humanity. When the government decides the ships could be better employed in the Merchant Marine, they order the forests destroyed. The ecologist can’t allow this to happen, and decides to save the last remaining forest. . The movie’s famous special effects, created by Doug Turnbull of “2001”, are beautiful and breathtaking. The shots of the ship hurtling through the rings of Saturn are comparable to the psychedelic tunnel trip of “2001”. The “drones” , those little robots 1 who become the ecologist’s friends, are sheer genius. One al-most thinks of them as people, more human than the original crew. The visuals are backed by the music -of Peter Schickele, given poignant splendour by Joan Baez. These, together with excellent act-, ing, make this a movie that is not to be missed by anyone. The showings will be Monday, March 22 in room 2066 of the Math and Computer building at 7 and 9 pm. Admission is .7$ cents for WATSFIC members, $1.00 for students, and $1.25 for others. -les

dickson

friday,

march

the chevron

19, 1976

Gongrats

PLO

Congratulations to the PLO for their role in the successful coup in Lebanon. Another great blow has been struck for “secular democracy” in the Middle East. c

Owen Leibman 38 Mathematics

Pro-Arab Presented in the chevron on March 5, 1976, were two pro-Arab articles. These articles were based on absurd and fallacious points of view. “Lying” writes the Arab sociologist Sanis Hamady, “is a widespread habit among the Arabs and they have a low idea of the truth. The Arab has no scruples about lying if by it he obtains his objective. The Arab language, moreover, provides its users with the tool, for assertion (tarakid) and exaggeration (mubalong).” (Sania Hamady, Character and Temperament of the Arabs, pages 5,36, 62-63 .) On Nov. 29, 1947, the United Nations assembly decided to recommend the partition of the British Mandate Palestine into an Arab state (Transjordan-later Jordan) and a Jewish state (Israel). At the time of the partition there were Jewish refugees in Europe; there were no Arab refugees. The Arab states in 1947 planned to prevent the birth of the embryonic State of Israel. In 1947 the Arab states felt the annihilation of the Jewish state was precedent even though they possessed a territory 230 times larger than the proposed Jewish state, and a population 60 times greater then the State of Israel. In 1949 the Kingdom of Jordan contained 75 per cent of the Palestine Mandate Territory while the State of Israel inhabited only about 25 per cent. “It is true that the acknowledged identity of Jordan as a Palestinian-country would give the lie to the overwrought version of the Arab-Israel conflict on which radical Arab propaganda and the success of the P.L.O. have been based. The myth of ‘national-homelessness’ of the Arab people would collapse and with it much of the popular passion it arouses in Arab countries, exerting pressure on internal government policies.” (Midstream August, 1975, page 25 .) In order to portray the false idea of ‘ ‘national-homelessness” Jordan as a Palestinian country is ignored by Arab propaganda. Therefore Palestinian Nationalism has concentrated on the so-called Arab “refugees” from the State of Israel. A persistent myth presented by the PLO and other Arab Nationalists is that the Palestinian Arabs were exiled from Israel by the Zionists in the 1948 War of Independence. The reason the Arabs left Israel is because they were terrified by Israel’s Arab neighbours. Golda Meir offers testimony in her recent published autobiography: “I went immediately. I begged them (the Palestinian Arabs) to return to their homes, but they had one answer. “We know there is nothing to fear, b’ut we have to go. We’ll be back.” I was quite sure that they went not because they were frightened of us but because they were terrified of being considered traitors to the Arab cause.” (page 230). The misdirected articles outlined in the Palestinian National Covenant call for: -the establishment of an Arab State throughout the area formerly under the British Mandate, on both sides of the Jordan River without any territorial compromise. -the politicide (political-suicide) of the State of Israel and the right of the Jewish People to self-determination. -carrying on the fight in any and every fashion to reach these objectives, with terrorists operations as the-central technique. The recent United Nations resolution equating Zionism with racism has. proved that the Arab and Communist block-can in effect gang-up and terrorize the Western world. By equating Zionism with racism Palestinian Nationalists can justify their terrorist

activities against Israel and world Jewry in the same manner that Hitler vindicated the destruction of six, million European Jews. Mark

Buck

Big lies This letter is written in response to a particularily offensive article by Neil Docherty which appeared in the chevron dated March 5 with the subtitle: Zionism Is Racism. A political leader of the 20th century once stated that the BIG LIE was more effective than a small lie or half-truth. The bigger the lie, the more credible it appears to be. Clearly, Neil Docherty has swallowed the BIG LIE. By subtitling the article with the words of the most infamous resolution passed in the U.N., a resolution which is a shining example of the BIG,LIE Theory, Neil Docherty and indeed the editors of the chevron have deomonstrated the effect of the BIG LIE psychology. The body of the article is, on the whole, concise and accurate. There is a sincere attempt at objectivity. Near the end, the views of the demonstrators are quoted. The members of the Anti-Imperialist Alliance et al are obviously apprentices to the BIG LIE. They wield it like the executioner wields his ax. Most of what is quoted is offensive, but for the sake of objectivity, printable. The only exception is the paragraph concerning Rudolph Kastner and alleged Zionist collaboration with the Nazis. This part is not offensive but obscene. Here the AIA calls white, black, and the victim, perpetrator. The AIA pamphlet defiles the memory of Hungarian Jewry, the last of my people to perish in the Nazi Death Machine. This is unforgivable. The Rudolph Kastner Case is a complex story of an attempt in 1944 to save Hungarian Jews by bribing Nazi officials. The situation was desperate, and Kastner, as a leading member of the Hungarian Jewish community, was forced to make several controversial decisions. Some called him hero, some called him collaborator. In the 1950’s, the gove.mment of Israel called an official inquiry into the Kastner Case. After months of investigation, Kastner was cleared of all charges. The AIA pamphlet distorts this story beyond recognition. I submit that the ideal of the chevron staff to print an enlightened and liberal newspaper has unfortunately been twisted. Unwittingly they pay homage to the BIG LIE. Michael

Rumack

Book Review , I am responding to your “book” review on “Zionism is Racism” that appeared in the CHEVRON on March 5. I did not realize that the CHEVRON gave full page reviews on “brochures”. The “pamphlet” claims to trace the history of Zionism and the resistance of the Palestinian people to it, however it is distorted and factually incorrect. Zionism needs neither apologies nor defence. To acknowledge the technical errors in both the “pamphlet” and in its review would be giving undue respect to Arab rhetoric. Being a Canadian citizen and sympathetic towards a just and lasting peace settlement,in the Middle East, I found the “pamphlet ” “Zionism is Racism” and the book review itself, corrosive in any efforts to present accurate information for uninformed readers. Certainly the CHEVRON’s choice in publishing such “reviews” leaves something to be desired, as the Arab cause deserves better representation than that of Salah Bachir. (Was it mere coincidence that the review appeared in the CHEVRON at the same time as the article on Mordechai Shalev’s visit to the community, or was it planned?). Now that Salah Bachir has written a review not’ only on a pamphlet but on “fiction”, then maybe next time he could write a real “book” review. . . on “FACT” 1 J. Patterson

No story On Friday March 5 the Chevron carried a story describing a conference entitled “A Critical Examination of the Roles of the Planner in Canada” which was being organized by Waterloo planning students and to be held on the campus from Friday March 5 to Sunday March 7. Where was your follow-up story in the issue of March 12? I diligently searched the pages of the March 12 issue naively expecting to find the odd copy inch describing the conference of the previous weekend amongst the reprints from People’s Canada Daily News, CUP wire from Nelson, B.C., and “Get Involved With the Canadian Armed Forces” display ads. Believing the conference to be a significant gathering which discussed issues crucial to planning students and the planning profession, whit h heard participants rom as far afield as Vancouver and iI al ifax and attracted some 150 registrantswith some students coming from as fas as Calgary, I naively believed that the Chevron would find it interesting, important and newsworthy as well. It seems I was wrong. Or was it merely journalistic incompetence. Or maybe a heavy news weekend with hot news stories breaking with increasing rapidity over the news desk, and staff strained to the utmost. No matter the reason-the oversight was inexcusable and not to be expected from a newspaper which tries to cut a radical yet responsible image. conference

Duncan R.W. Bury Member of the plannin$ organizing committee

Since the chevron relies largely upon volunteer staff to cover news events on campus we are restricted in what we are able to cover by the interests of those providing coverage. As you felt the conference to be significant, we would have welcomed an article from you. If you are going to expect professional news coverage from the chevron you will either have-to get involved yourself or approach the federation about providing us with some full time reporters. We would prefer the former. -lettitor

Parasites I would like to respond to Tim Grant’s article, “Wages for Homework”, which recently appeared in the chevron. I would like,also to comment on the whole situation and atmosphere which would spawn such an article. Firstly, I must say that I passed over Grant’s article many times before I took the time to read it. The title, along with the illustrations, made me think that is was a parody of the “Wages for Housework” campaign. Since this latter movement has totally turned’me off by its total lack of a realistic outlook, I avoided any more exposure to it. Today, however, I found myself with a few spare moments and nothing better to read, so I read the first few paragraphs of the article. To my amazement, I discovered that the article was actually serious. Fascinated, I continued. Now that I have read the article, I find I must comment on it. It is Grant’s view that we deserve to be paid by society for our schoolwork, since it is society, not ourselves, which ultimately benefits from our schooling. In his words, “it is our future employers, who need our skills and self-discipline, who are the real beneficiaries of our work.” And yet, it seems that these phantom ‘employers’ are not at all anxious to reap the benefits of our education. Even in Grant’s case, as he states, no-one at all wants to take advantage of his “skills and self-discipline”. Unfortunately,‘the case of the unemployed graduate is all too common. Why then, should society be asked to pay for something which it has too much of already? If there are already too many graduates around, society will not benefit from the production of more. If society does not

benefit, then the only benefit of education (although even this benefit may be questionable), is that gained by the student himself. Even so, the government still pays the major portion of the education bill in the form of the famous BIU. I must say that it would be very nice to get paid for going to school. If that were the case, I don’t think that I’d ever want to leave. I’m sure many people would feel this way. The work here may seem difficult at times, but I vastly prefer it to any of the summer jobs I’ve had. It always amazes me when I see the attitude that some of my fellow students have towards education costs. Every time ‘the price of tuition goes up, the OFS doesn’t ask that the system “hold the line”, but demands that tuition costs be abolished altogether. The province already pays most of the cost of our education, and the OFS wants it to pay it all. Now, Grant comes along and says we should be paid a wage on top of that. Reducing the cost of education would further saturate the already glutted job market for graduates. The people that make these demands are often quite indignant about them. They really seem to think that they are entitled to a free ride at the government’s expense. They seem to think that they have the right to just as much education as they may desire, at no expense to themselves. If this were possible, we would be living in a wonderful society indeed. But the fact is that the economy simply cannot afford to give that right to every individual. Government deficit spending is already the main fuel firing inflation, and taxes are already much too high. This,incidentally, is also the reason why “wages for housework” ‘is doomed to failure. It is unrealistic to make increasing demands on an economy which is already showing signs of failure. It is pointless to demand something which can never be received. I therefore ask that students, as well as everyone else, take a more realistic look at their demands before they make them. Before we ask for “wages for homework”, or “wages for housework”, let us first ask ourselves from whence will these wages magically appear. Dave Honours

Spaetzel 4th year Bio1og.y

Commodity In all respects except one Wages for Schoolwork (and its kin, Wages for Housework) relies on moralistic and selfcontradictory arguments. These are easily refuted with consistent logic and reasoning. But on one pillar the WFS concept appears to have a scientific foundation. It asserts that schoolwork (and housework) deserves remuneration because it produces a commodity-skilled potential workers. Tim Grant claims in the thevron of March 5 that “as students, we are actively engaged in producing a very important product --ourselves-as a specifically trained segment of the future labour force.” First, let us clearly point out that Grant has two definitions of work in general, schoolwork in particular. As noted above, Grant calls schoolwork “work” because it produces a commodity. But his wider definition of work includes anything that “becomes an imposition on our time”, something that “involves a lot of hassles, effort and long hours.” In other words, work is omething which deprives you of the opportunity to do an activity more interesting to you as an individual. Let’s look closer at his definitions of work. Under examination, his arguments are revealed to be pseudo-scientific and based on a confusing notion of how goods of real value are producedin a monopoly capitalist economy and how the worker in this system earns his/her wage. Under capitalist production a wage worker, using certain equipment, makes continued

on page

the chevron i -

Asbestos

march

i 9, 1976

ind~&y

For almost a decade exposes of worker deaths due to asbestos have commanded newspaper headlines. In I 972 the U.S. government *he/d hearings on a new asbestos standhrd for the workplace. Yet today the human cost of asbestos exposure remains a public scandal. Despite this recent publicity the dangers of asbestos were discovered not in the 7960’s, but backat the turn of the century. Thefirst worker death due to asbestos exposure was diagnosed by a London’physician in 7900. His report lay interred in government records for over two decades. What the genera/ public did not know, the asbestos industry and the workers certainly did. In 7 9 18 U.S. and Canadian insurance companies stopped selling personal life insurance policies to asbestos workers. Also, many workers discovered the hazards of the job soon/after being hired \ and quickly left.

The “new” disease, called.asbestosis, is I caused by scar tissue forming around asbestos fibers trapped in the lungs, and is similar to coalminers’ black lung. Its earliest symptoms appear mild-a slight persistent cough and shortness of breath upon exertion-usually developing about ten years after first exposure to the’ dust. If exposure continues, the disease can eventually lead to serious lung damage and death.

friday,

free of any signs of asbestosis. On their face these figures represent an epidemic of disease. Calculated as percentages, the findings showed 53 per cent of the workers having asbestosis, 84 per cent with some signs of disease (positive plus doubtful) and only 16 per cent with no signs of asbestosis at all. However, the authors did not p,ublish these percentages. They simply listed the number of workers in each category and hurried on without comment. In addition to,minimizing the incidence of disease, the authors also played down its Corporate strategy severity. They dismissed workers’ comDuring the 1930’s, Johns-Manville, giant plaints of coughing and shortness of breath, of the U.S. asbestos industry, began detypical early symptomsof-asbestosis, with veloping a strategy that was to serve it well the response, “Too much emphasis should for more.than 30 years. The main priority of not be placed on statements of subjective the strategy was the company’s economic symptoms .” survival and its profits. The U.S. government served asjhandThese could not be taken for granted in the maiden to industry in this case by publishing midst of a major depression and in the face of the Met Life study as a Public Health Report cut-throat competition with other comof the U.S. Public Health Service. This gave panies, especially by a company that was in the study the imprimatur of the federal govcorporate terms still rather small. ’ ernment despite its genesis in industry, its The strategy developed on several fronts: industry funding and its appalling prq-build the company as rapidly as possible industry bias. and weave asbestos into the matrix of the Johns-Manville’s other venture into economy so that&it would become indispensmedicine was its funding of animal studies at able; the Saranac Research -Laboratory in upstate -fund medical-research that would disNew York-beginning in 1929. Although this credit reports of asbestos hazards; work was continued for the next 25 years, it -keep a check on workers’ health while was of such poor quality that the National telling them as little as possible; and Institute for Occupational Safety and Health -keep labor unions out of the plant. (NOISH) later deemed it of no use in setting an asbestos standard. Nevertheless, indusBecoming indispensable try was able to cite the work as evidence of The first imperative-to grow as rapidly its “long concern” about asbestos hazards. as possible-was of course common to all In 1935 another asbestos-related disease industry, and in this the asbestos industry appeared. Two doctors from the Medical succeeded phenomenally well. The engine College of South Carolina reported a possiof growth was the rapid development of litble link between asbestos and lung cancer. erally thousands of new uses for the soBy 1942 nine other case studies followed, called “magic mineral”. showing that asbestosis victims suffer a high For example, before World War I transite incidence of lung cancer. Two scientists (asbestos-reinforced concrete) water pipe from Saranac, Arthur Vorwald and John had not yet been developed, today it is theCarr, dismissed the conclusions because, single major use of asbestos. Asbestos insuthey argued, asbestosis victims might be lation for ships came into widespread use especially susceptible to lung cancer. I’ during the shipbuilding boom of World War What was clearly called for was a largeII, endangering several million shipyard scale, plant-wide study, a so-called workers. epidemiological study, in which workers Today the estimated 3000 industrial uses employed at some particular date were folfor asbestos include products as varied as lowed for a period of years and all cases of insulation for Apollo space rockets, roof disease recorded. But the hitch was that the shingles, siding, brake lining, clutch facing, asbestos companies had custody of the perbinoleum, electric wire casing, draperies, sonnel records on which such a study would rugs, floor tiles, ironing board covers, necessarily be based, and they did not want potholders and fireproof clothing .. the study to be conducted. With this boom, almost all of it taking In fact, it was not until 21 years later that place after extensive reports of asbestos the study WCS performed. In the interim the -hazards, Johns-Manville sales grew from $40 Vorwald-Carr paper was industry’s “proof” million in 1925 to $685 million in 197 1, makthat no link existed between asbestos and ing it among the hundred largest U.S. corpolung cancer. rations. A question arises at this juncture: What Today the U.S. asbestos-insulation work- 1 became of the results of thescientific papers ers in the buildingtrades number 40,000 and that first uncovered asbestos disease-28 in an estimated 5 million people work daily the case, of asbestosis and 10 in the case of with asbestos-containing products. As a relung cancer? Apparently they just rem-ained sult of this enormous expansion it is almost in the me ical literature. impossible in terms of present political Almost tl 1 the papers reflected a humane realities, tophase out nonessential asbestos concern-for the afflicted workers. But occaproduction. ’ sional appeals for help in dealing w~ith the problem were invariably directed to industry Buying science instead of calling for public political discussion on controlling asbestos hazards-with The second prong of industry strategy was the goal of eliminating all unnecessary uses to buy scientific results that would refute the of the material and controlling exposure many case studies of asbestos deaths. In when its use was mandatory. 1929 the Metropolitan Life Insurance ComUnfortunately, the doctors and medical pany was commissioned by the asbestos inscientists were still wedded to a notion of dustry to conduct a study on asbestosis. professionalism that restrained them from Under the direction of Dr. A.J. Lanza, communicating their findings with workers. Assistant Medical Director of Met Life, Thusworkers at the Johns-Manville plant in medical examinations were conducted on a New Jersey reported that before the 1960’s total of 126 asbestos workers, selected at they were not contacted by any of the docrandom from five plants and mines in the tors who had published papers on asbestos U.S. and Canada, mostly Johns-Manville hazards. facilities. Sixty-seven of the 126 workers examined Keeping workers uninformed -were classified as positive cases of asbestosis, 39 doubtful and only 20 as completely Industry, which was responsible for

ca&m.eSdeaths workers’ health problems, withheld infor: mation .about the hazards from their employees. For example, until recently the Johns-Manville medical staff denied workers access to their medical records. Furthermore, they refused to tell workers the results of physical examinations. Company spokesmen admit that until a few years ago the company did not tell workers that their respiratory problems were linked to asbestos. , -Joseph- Kiewleski, an asbestosis victim, indicated that he was transferred without an explanation from a machinist’s to a janitor’s job after he had undergone a company physical examination. He found out from his own doctor years later that the reason for the job change was to remove him from the source \ of exposure. Moreover, company doctors in their cursory examinations of workers missed the most blatant diseases. In 1971, Daniel Maciborski was diagnosed to have cancer at the age of 49, a few weeks after he had been given a clean bill of health by the company. He died seven months later. The company also tried to attribute occupational diseases to other causes. According to Dr:Maxwell Borow, a local doctor, “They claimed that workers had pneumoconiosis from mining coal in Pennsylvania.” But ironically, after World War II the Manville N.J. plant had an influx of young veterans who had never mined coal and in fact had left Pennsylvania in part to avoid the black-lung disease that plagued their fathers. The only part of industry’s strategy that was not wholly successful in the period from 1930 to 1960 was its attempt to keep unions out of its plants. During this period most Johns-Manville plants were organized. But instead of having one or a few industrial unions at these plants, 26 different international unions were organized there, almost guaranteeing each‘ a weak bargaining position with the company.

After World War II Industry’s basic strategy, unchanged since the 1930’s, began to unravel in the 1950’s as a result of new medical reports of asbestos hazards. Individual case studies further linking asbestos and lung cancer kept accumulating. Finally in 1955 -a member of England’s prestigious Medical Research Council analyzed government data on asbestos-industry deaths and found an unusually high rate of lung cancer among the I workers. In what for them was a lightening-fast’response, the Quebec Asbestos Mining Association (QAMA) commissioned a study in the following year on lung cancer among Quebec asbestos miners. This was 2 1 years after the first reports linking asbestos and lung cancer. What industry badly wanted was a whitewash job-and it got one. The study was conducted under a QAMA grant’by the IndustrialHygiene Foundation (IHF, now called the Industrial Health Foundation). IHF, located in Pittsburgh, performs occupational-health studies for corporations i It is openly pro-management and is supported almost entirely by major U.S.‘industries. As in the asbestosis case, the contrast is striking between the enormous size and scope of this experiment and that of the nonindustry case studies-a fact that lent credibility to the industry study. The IHF investigation was an extensive epidemiological study of 6,000 asbestos miners from Quebec with five or more years of exposure. All of this sounds impressive until one examines the IHF report itself. Among numerous errors in method was one central, scientifically inexcusable flaw-the investigators, Daniel Braun and T. David Truan, virtually ignored the 20-.year time lag between exposure to anagent known to cause lung cancer and the first visible signs of disease (the socalled latent period). They studied a relatively young group of workers, two-thirds of whom were between 20 and 44 years of age. Only 30 per cent of the workers had been employed for 20 or more years, the estimated latent period for lung cancer. With so many young people in the study, too young to have the.disease although they

might well be destined to develop it, Braun and Truan of course did not find a statistically significant increase in lung cancer among the miners. As became obvious later, they had drowned out a clear danger in asea of misleading data. The practice of looking at a workforce with limited asbestos expos.ure is not an isolated error in a particular experiment; it is a hallmark of epidemilogical studies funded by the- asbestos industry. This was the reason that the scientist conducting the 1935 Metropolitan Life study did not find asbest&is in its advanced, most critical stage. Even in the 1970’s, researchers funded by industry continue to conduct studies on young workers despite scores of experiments by non-industry scientists showing that the various asbestos diseases take anywhere from 10 to 30 years to develop. ’ By 1960, medical research on asbestos was. at a watershed. A total of 63 papers on the subject had been published in the U.S. and Canada and Great Britain. The 52 papers not sponsored by industry, mostly case histories and reviews of case histories by hospital and medical school staff, indicated asbesi tos as a cause of asbestosis and lung cancer. The 11 papers sponsored by the asbestos industry presented polar opposite conclusions. They denied that asbestos caused lung cancer and minimized the seriousness of asbestosis. The difference was dramatic-and obviously dependent on the doctor’s perspective, whether treating the victim of disease or serving as agent for its perpetrator.

The lid blows In the early 1960’s the research picture changed dramatically as a result of three separate studies. In 1960 a new malady was added to thelexicon of asbestos diseases: mesothelioma, a rare and invariably fatal cancer of the lining of the chest or abdominal cavity. . In. 1963 a study of lung smears from 500’ consecutive autopsies on urban dwellers in Cape Town, South Africa showed that the lungs of 26 per cent had asbestos bodies, the characteristic bodies originally found in the lungs of workers with asbestosis. Both studies received extensive publicity and, raised the specter of asbestos as a modernenvironmental hazard affecting all citizens. To top this off, in the early 1960’s Dr. Irving Selikoff and his associates at Mt. Sinai ,Medical Centre in New York broke industry’s hegemony over medical and personnel information by using the’welfare and retirement records of the- asbestos insulators’ union as the basis for conducting an elpidemiological study. Now for the first time in the U.S., scientists not beholden to industry conducted large-scale definitive studies on groups of asbestos workers., Beginning in 1964 the investigators reported an unusually high incidence of lung cancer and mesothelioma among asbestosinsulation workers, with time lags of 20 and 30 years respectively, between exposure and disease. By focusing on workers who were first exposed 20 or more years earlier, the studies highlighted its hazards, Together. with the South African studies they made the “magic ‘mineral” front-page news throughout the world. -

Industry fights back The asbestos industry responded to these reports by spending $8.5 million on research and developm+=nt in 1972, a large fraction of which went to outside medical research centers. Incontrast, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) spent a mere $260,000 on asbestos research grants that year. As a result, an industry that had only managed to generate 11 research papers on asbestos in the three decades before 1960 has come up with 33 in little more than a decade since then. The recent studies are just as selfinterested as ever. Industry has stopped denying that asbestos causes lung cancer, mesothelioma and asbe.&osis (although it has not publicly admitted it,-either). But re-search proposals that industry thought continued

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19, 1976

fro,m being lowered to two fibers per cubic centimeter, but it contributed to a delay in its effective date for four years until 1976. Thus the corporations had won precious time to regain their initiative in the struggle. For workers too, the time lost was critical. Dr. Selikoff estimates that this delay eventually will take as many as 50,000 lives. But even when the fiber limit comes down the battle is not over yet, not by a long shot. The 1972 NIOSH report on asbestos bases its two-fiber recommendation primarily on the British standard. This standard is now under question in England because the experiment it was based on appears to haye underestimated the extent of disease. Also, whatever level is set, there is no known safe level of exposure for any cancer-causing agent, according to officials at the U.S. National Cancer Institute. Thus, public discussion about setting a legal exposure level in plants is largely based on a false premise -that a safe level of exposure exists .

increases up to 20 per cent, studies not fifrom page 26 nanced by industry reported an increase in would minimize the problem or shift the mortality rate among asbestos workers of blame have been given unstinting support. from 200 per cent to 9,000 per cent above A major epidemiological study was pubthat of the general population. lished in 1971 by J. Corbett McDonald and Another way for industry to gain time is to his associates at the Department of try to shift blame. So pro-industry scientists Epidemiology and Public Health at McGill have recently concocted one theory after University in Montreal. another purporting to prove that asbestos It was funded through a grant from the workers and their families were not dying Institute of Occupational and Environmenfrom asbestos, but from some impurity, tal Health of the Quebec Asbestos Mining some contaminant or some unusual type of Association. The subjects were 11,000 minasbestos. ers in the two largest asbestos mines in One of the early theories, by Dr. Paul Quebec. Gross of the Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Like the earlier IHF study on asbestos was that trace metals were contaminating miners, this one looks quite impressive until asbestos and causing the diseases attributed it is examined carefully. Then we find as to asbestos. This work was supported by before that the workforce studied has had industry for six years until Gross and suprelatively limited exposure, and that many I porters finally had to admit that the theory other serious methodological errors were was incorrect. made. Another theory is that certain types of asLet us consider the duration of exposure bestos fiber are dangerous, while others are of the workforce. The research data shows safe. Ninety-five per cent of the asbestos that many of the miners included in the study used in the U.S. and Canada is of one type, worked in the mines for only a short time and chrysotile. Since the bad-fiber theory has its then left. origins in industry-sponsored research, it One-third of the miners in the study had comes as no surprise that fiber types other worked less than a year in the mines, twothan chrysotile have been blamed for asbesthirds had worked less than 10 years. So it is tos disease. not surprising that their mortality was not Probably the ultimate in fishing around for much different from that of the general popusomething else to blame was the theory lation. The authors go even further. They ~ propounded by Gibbs of McGill University begin their comments on the results with the and funded by the Quebec Asbestos Mining observation that workers in the asbestosAssociation, that the polyethylene bags in mining industry have “a lower mortality which asbestos is stored produce oils that than the population of Quebec. of the same contaminate the asbestos and might cause age.” the cancer associated with asbestos. What’s more important, the authors Whether or not the industry has lost these largely ignore the latent period between exbattles, the eventual outcome of each is less posure and disease for lung cancer. They do important than the fact that each salvo has not categorize workers by number of years tied up scientific resources, defined research since first exposure, which would highlight issues and bought time. any latency effect. In the case of almost every industry proposal, some non-industry scientists have had Workers with recent exposures, more recent than the 20-year latent period for lung to conduct experiments in rebuttal, using up some of the meager resources in the process. cancer, are included in the study and may be placed in the same categories as those who Sitting on the victims have been exposed many years earlier. While industry was mounting its medical In contrast, Selikoff and associates at Mt. and scientific counterattack, it had to deal Sinai in their earliest experiments only with asbestos victims and their families. looked at workers with 20 or more years of Many of the victims’ dependents filed suits work experience since fist exposure. Thus against the company. To keep things quiet, they focused their attention on precisely that Johns-Manville usually settled out of court. group of workers most likely to develop the The average settlement in the mid-1960’s disease, and thereby found evidence of seriwas $10,000. ous hazards. In recent years the company has increased In fact, studies not supported by industry the settlement for mesothelioma victims. It have consistently found asbestos to be a now pays the deceased’s hospital bills, as serious health hazard. While Braun and well as half the victim’s salary for the rest of Truan, and McDonald found no increase in the surviving spouse’s life. Asbestosis vicmortality rate due to asbestos or onIy small continued

tims have fared even more poorly. In 1970 the awards for Johns-Manville asbestosis vie tims averaged $2,175. Receptly workers and their families have begun to institute large damage suits against individual companies. In California an asbestos worker won $351,000 in damages from a company physician who witheld information that he had developed asbestosis. This year in Paterson, New Jersey, the families of a number of workers who died of asbestos exposure sued the RaybestosManhattan company and its suppliers (Johns-Manville among others) for damages of $326 million. While’such suits are filed after the fact of Johns-Manvillle after 1972 disease and death, the plaintiffs have often expressed the hope that the suits’ financial Since the 1972 hearings, ibdustry’s impact may be great enough to cause a major decades-old strategy has changed. For excleanup throughout the asbestos industry. ample, instead of forging ahead with deHowever, U.S. courts have been notorivelopment of new uses for asbestos, ously unfriendly to labor in the past and Johns-Manville has for the first time seriwould seem a weak reed to lean on now. ously decided to diversify. It is planning to While victims and their families were trydevelop a major outdoor-recreation center in ing to deal individually with the company, Colorado, and it is, with consummate auunion locals such as the one in the Manville dacity, selling environmental-control proplant were slow to take any initiative on as- ducts and services to other companies based ,bestos hazards. In 1970, for the first time in on the experience in its own plants. ten years, the union struck, crippling the In fact, environmental controls have been plant for almost six months. The major conextolled by the Wall Street Transcript as cerns were bread and butter issues, but a one of the company’s “hottest growth vocal minority of younger workers began to areas .” The corporation is also studying the raise questions about their health. use of fiberglass as a substitute for asbestos. When the strike was settled, the company While Johns-Manville’s stocks have gone agreed to permit workers access to their down in recent years, company sales went X-rays. As a “preventative measure”, J-M up and its profits are steady. In 1972, Glue also consented to establish a joint unionLine Survey called Johns-Manville “the picmanagement environmental-control comture of financial health.” To be sure, U.S. mittee. Union officials publicly proclaimed sales of asbestos are down, but Johnsthe committee a great victory. Manville has been pushing its foreign sales But the company quite independently of and these have more than made up for this union management committee had domestic losses. begun a major cleanup of its plants in the Not only have foreign sales increased, but 1%0’s, presumably in expectation of stiffer the asbestos industry has also been exportgovernment regulations in the near future. ing jobs, especially those in the dusty Throughout all its plants Johns-Manville asbestos-textile trades. Since 1968 lowered dust levels by eliminating many in- asbestos-textile imports from countries with termediate steps in the production process, weak or nonexistent occupational-health enclosing or bettering ventilation in some laws have increased from 0.1 percent to a areas, and improving housekeeping procedures . In the textile division of the Manville plant, for example, steps have been eliminated from carding, spinning and warping, according to officials conducting a recent plant tour. Manville executives are elated. “By eliminating steps we don’t need, we also save money,” one engineer boas ted. And, he might have added, the company cuts labor costs and improves productivity. What happens to those whose jobs are eliminated? They are “absorbed in other parts of the plant,” according to Wilbur Ruff, Community Relations Director at the Manville plant. But that’s not the whole story. J-M has cut its Manville work force in recent years, mostly by attrition-that is, by not replacing many retirees and others who leave the plant. In the six-year period during which J-M was reducing dust levels the nonsalaried work force at the Manville plant dropped almost 45 percent, from 3,200 to 1,800 employees, according to Ruff. The working people of Manville have exchanged jobs for improved health conditions at the plant.

The 1972 Asbestos

hearings

But however much the company was in control of events within its plants, constant For The Peop le/CPS publicity about scientific studies that demonstrated asbestos hazards took their toll. whopping 50 per cent of the total U.S. imFollowing passage of the federal Occupaports. tional Safety and Health Act in 1970, major Mexico’s asbestos-textile exports to the attention was focused on a new national U.S. rose from a mere 180 pounds in 1969 to standard for asbestos exposure. 1.2 million pounds in 1973. During the same At a hearing held in 1972, George Wright, Johns-Manville’s chief science advisor, was period Taiwan’s exports rose from 0 to 1.1 million pounds and Brazil’s from 0 to 0.5 able to call on five studies supporting J-M’s of Mexico’s 23 contention that the standard of five asbestos . million pounds. Twenty-one asbestos-processing plants have been built fibers per cubic centimeter should be maintained, not lowered. Of the five studied, four since 1965. Thus, industry has taken operations that would be difficult and expensive to had been funded by the asbestos industry. clean up and has, with full knowledge of the These studies helped put a “scientific” cover over industry’s interests. Industry consequences, exported them abroad to could not prevent the asbestos standard maim and kill foreignworkers.

the chevron

Work, after all, is manifested by effort, candidate concerning the things the Federaand is synonymous with being deprived of tion had defined as issues, and he does look goods that have a particular nature. They are * doing some other more desirable activity, the dandy with his scarf and leather overuseful, and because they are useful, they are says Grant. coat, but I consider these to be a bit superfcapable of being exchanged for some other 1UQUS. But what if this assiduous student, despite useful good (or for an appropriate amount of What about Phil Fernandez, the person his exertions, does not grasp the material as money) = who would lead us from our serfdom? I see well as his less-ambitious but more intelligWhat is the ‘“work” which the student him as a self-serving hypocrite. I wonder, for ent colleague? Who gets the higher wage? performs? He/she produces him/herself as a example, if he would be content as a comThere must be some criteria to judge what skilled potential worker, says Grant. mon prole under the pseudo-Maoist system wage is paid. One obvious method is the This is quite a discovery-the commodity he professes to idealize? I doubt it. marks received. Does a person who fails, or which produces itself. Grant should consider I suppose he is just as captivated with drops out, have to repay his wage? a patent. dreams of power as are the professional The other criterion for payment would be Is the ‘“commodity” produced useful? politicians he denounces. This opinion does effort, or total time taken away from other Can it be exchanged for something of value, beg a question, however. more pleasurable pursuits. Suppose then, like a bag of crunchy granola or a ride on a the studentdoesn’t study bourgeois political Why did he choose to embrace the antiKitchener Transit bus? Well, no, says science, but instead takes up the study of imperialist doggerel in his attempt to attain Grant. But it can drink in the pub, make love, Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought? power‘? I suggest he’s a bit like the children and it has the potentiaEl to be a productive And studies it very thoroughly, with great who hold their breath or bang their heads worker when it is finished producing itself. enthusiasm and effort. Does the bourgeoisie against a wall as a means of attracting attenIn the meantime (and the gestation period pay for that, and at the highest rate? tion. In any case, I don’t want a person with may be lengthy, if Grant has his way), stuThis demonstrates that Grant has not the such distorted viewpoints representing me. derlts deserve a wage because they are in the slightest inkling of the nature of productive Bruce Rorrison remains, He was the least process of becoming useful. work. outspoken of the three candidates, and avSimilarly, four year-old kids, who play Certainly it is true that many people in this oided the character assassinations attempand sleep and eat all day, could argue that society are fighting for a subsistence living, ted by the other two. That speaks well for his they too deserve a wage. After all, as a kid fighting the attempts of the government and personal integrity. Unfortunately, his menruns a block, learns to distinguish red from the monopoly capitalist class to make the tal integrity is not so well supported. It blue 9or receives a reprimand for monopolizpeople pay for the economic crisis. seems he runs for every office on campus foi ing all the toys at the day care centre, he’s Students, welfare recipients 9unemployed which he is eligible--often losing, I think. I also becoming more agile, more cognizant of workers and injured workers all deserve at do not consider that to be indicative of a his world and its conventions. He’s becomserious desire for involvement-rather of inthe very least a subsistence living. But the ing a better potential worker. temperate folly. struggle to gain that should not be conducted Moreover, I read one of his comments as on the erroneous grounds that these are prop President of the Arts Society which was pubIn Capi&al, Marx explained that the simple ductive workers, seeking a just wage, or that possession of capacity to work, or labor lished in the Knot Garden. It was rather intheir time is being taken away from more power, does not make the individual an accoherent and rife with grammatical errors. enjoyable activities. tive participant in production, and therefore, Thus I really didn’t think him capable of the Students should continue to resist the a wage earner: office, however nice a person he might be. government’s attempt to deprive them of the “By labor power or capacity for labor is to Conclusion: three large zeros. right to an education by fighting the cutbacks be understood the aggregate of those mental As an aside, let me note that it might prove which have already taken place and are and physical capabilities existing in a human interesting to include an extra box on future planned. The utopian route of ‘“wages for being, which he exercises whenever he proelection ballots. A mark in that box would be schoolwork” is a dead-end road. duces a use-value of any description m. . .labor interpreted as “no acceptable candidate”. Larry Hannant power can appear upon the market as a If even half of the people who didn’t vote commodity, onIy if, and so far as 7its possesin the last election had put their ‘“X” in such SOI’ . . . offers it for sale, or sells it, as a coma box, it would have been sufficient to defeat modity.” Roberts’ landslide victory by a margin of two Further distortion sets in when Grant imto one. The candidate polling the greatest plies that the student bears the heaviest burI’ve been reading the chevr~n’s letters colnumber of votes would still assume office, of den of producing himself as a potential course, but then we would all have a good umn with great interest since the recent presworker. This ignores the immense contribuindicator of the students’ faith in their execuidential election. I also read the prepared tion of other workers in producing the stutive. platforms and posters produced by the varident. Earlier, I promised further comment expous factions during the campaign. In fact, generations of workers have laining why I do not agree with Federation’s Further, I have been on campus continusweated in order to build up the social infraally for the last 30 months) and have come to current priorities. The foremost reason is its structure (universities being only a small with external affairs-for exknow something about the backgrounds of preoccupation part) where productive workers are now ample NUS, OFS, etc. our candidates and their cronies. Conseraised 9 and trained. quently, I think it appropriate at this time to My feeling is that the Federation should be Here, Grant obscures the role of teachers, concerned primarily with providing acexplain the reasons that I didn’t exercise my who are an important part of the workers tivities on ‘our campus D(The candidates right to vote in the recent election. The colwho produce trained labor power, Profeshad several good ideas in this loquial terlrn for this lack of involvement is themselves sors and graduate assistants contribute a “apathy”, but I consider it a misnomer. vein.) By primarily I mean 99 per cent. Eet9s great deal to the production of Grant’s “fuThis is not to suggest that apathy does not not see any more cheques sent to Moncton They act as the agents of ture labor force.” when the money could be’used to write off exist, but it is definitely not equivalent to the ruling class in deciding what material is conscionable non-involvement. In view of the loss on a concert here. worthy of inculcation, and they judge how the number of copies of the Chevron, I would not object to assistance to outside well the “products” have assimilated the Gazette, mathNEWS, etc., that are read on groups within the locale on a limited basis lessons. this campus every week, I think some cre-for example to homes for the retarded, Thus, they are the ones who add value to dence is given to the hypothesis that I am not emotionally disturbed, day care centres, the the “product”. But Grant rests his argument alone in my outlook: that there are, in fact, a rape crisis centre, etc., but basically I’m on the unfounded assertion that students great number of students attending this unisuggesting an end to the bus rides to Toronto produce themselves, ignoring the function of versity who know exactly what is happening for rallies that don’t accomplish anything teat hers. here, and who do not vote in elections betangible, and to provide support to groups cause there are no candidates worthy of supBut this has even deeper significance. If which in no way affect the welfare of this students, rather than teachers, do the real port. community. work, then it is logical to change the present I take the most recent election as an exUndoubtedly, many people would critiample. What choice did the informed student structure of payments to each group. cize me for suggesting that the Federation By calling for a wage for schoolwork, have? discontinue its support of mass rallies to proGrant indicates that he wants a redistribuShane Roberts? As the Anti-Imperialist test tuition hikes, spending cutbacks, etc., Alliance has taken pains to point out, he is but please note that I am not suggesting we tion of the total income of workers in universities. Students would gain at the expense of not even a student, and I do not feel it is all accept cutbacks condescendingly, simply teachers, reflecting the “reality” of producappropriate that a non-student be the chief a change in the methods used to apply prestion. officer of the organization supposedly repsure on the government. resenting the full-time students of our uniBut if it is true that students produce I have visions of our valiant fighting AIA themselves as skilled workers, why have versity. (As a matter of fact, I do not support saying to themselves “it’s obvious now that the current working concepts of our Federateachers at all? Why have universities? Ache is really just another unwitting lackey in tion of Students, so perhaps whether or not cording to Grant, we need only vast libthe grip of the multinationals’ advertising,” the president is a student or not is a moot raries, where students can read, and vast or perhaps “a nervous bourgeois backed pubs, where students can drink and, receivpoint. I will discuss this at greater length into acorner, trying to protect his pitiful little shortly.) i way of life (his old man is probably a miling a wage, talk the day away without feeling Roberts also felt it necessary “whatever guilty. lionaire slumlord).” Bullshit. I don’t like the the political cost” to identify Phil Fernandez This takes us into another area where idea of staff cuts or tuition increases either. as a member of those naughty campus radiBut suppose we all sit back and be pragmatic Grant reveals nothing but profoundest igcals, the Anti-Imperialist Alliance. Why? It about the whole thing. norance. Suppose a student at Grant’s “college of the future” (Self-taught U) was exshould have been obvious that he would easJust exactly how much did we all gain as a ily win the election anyway-I know no one result of the fiasco with Parrott? Nothing, ceptionally diligent, studied night and day who expected otherwise-and consequently that’s how much. As was pointed out, the without cease. He/she is entitled to a wage right? But why shouldn’t he receive a higher I thought it rather poor of him to do so. good Doctor had already made his decision. wage than a student who studied much less? Admittedly, he was the best informed Did anyone even stop to think, then, why he

friday,

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19, 1976

was coming to tell us all personally? So that he could say that he faced the students with the issues. Masochism nets Brownie points in politics, and good old Harry got himself a bunch of them. The people from Waterloo attending the meeting ended up looking like a group of assholes. And that’s really too bad, because from the reports I’ve read, if the students had kept quiet, all the news media would have had to report was what a fool the minister made of himself. The way it turned out though, he can justify his inane comments to most people by saying he was harrassed into blind retorts which he didn’t mean. You really blew it guys, and you typified the way in which our student activists often screw us all in the ear with the lack of rationality. By way of comparison, consider what President Matthews and other “establishment” figureheads have accomplished through careful reasoning with the government--a 15 per cent increase in university incomes for the coming year. At a time when hospitals are being closed to save funds, that is very significant. It is time to reconcile: things aren’t really all that bad. The people with a sincere desire to make it through SC~QQ~ have always been able to do so, and will continue to -make it. It will probably mean you spend your spare tirne working rather than playing ginball or drinking beer. Ifso, that’s tough. Do it anyway. The one thing nobody ever regrets in life is the amount of work they’ve done. Besides, the truth is that loans will still be available to those in need of financial assistance. And in all honesty, what justification is there for student grants to even exist? One person at the Parrott rally quoted an apparent statistic that while craftsmen make up 33 per cent of the labor force, only 6 per cent of their children make it to university. Why should the other 94 per cent whose kids don’t make it have to support you? Incidentally, what is the real reason most of those kids don’t get past high school? It’s not even a question of money, is it? l’ve made many statements in this letter which will upset some people on campus. Nevertheless, I think my comments factual and not biased in favor of any faction at this university, or outside of it, for that matter. I’m not thrilled with our Conservative government, Federation of Students 5 AntiImperialist Alliance, mu1 tinational corporations, or the piss-politics demonstrated in the recent election campaign, and which some persons are continuing through letters to the chevron. I hope this makes the letter a credible criticism of our state of affairs. Undoubtedly there are points over which I can be challenged, but in a short dissertation it is impossible for me to fully justify all my assertions. For this reason, I appeal to the reader’s common sense. It is pointless to ask mundane questions such as “Why don’t YOU get personally involved?“, or “What makes you so bloody righteous?“, or “How can you overlook overt oppression?“, so don’t waste your time doing so. I do not count naivete among my shortcomings. In summary, take the letter for what it is-a personal rather critical viewpoint. I do not hope or expect to change anyone’s beliefs, nor do I predict a change in the doctrines of our campus politicians. But let them tread more carefully: silent eyes judge their every step. Edward Davies -

friday,

march

the chevron

19, 1976

Get off your asses In reply to last week’s letter concerning the Annual General Meeting of the Federation in which some “student leaders” posed the question: “Where were you Phil Fernandez?” There were seven members mobilized from the old Phil Fernandez election committee with at least ten proxies to represent the views we fought for during the campaign. The question I would pose to those who signed the letter, many of whom elected to represent student interests, is what have you done since the election? Let us look at the issue of cutbacks. When Maxwell Henderson came to campus to spread his lies and slander students and workers as lazy and to justify his cutbacks, where were you ? Many of you that claim having an “elaborate strategy to fight cutbacks” and who had been elected as student representatives left the whole affair to be Alliance. organized by the Anti-Imperialist On the question of the General Meeting which the letter termed the “single most important meeting for all the students, at this university”. Instead of attacking a concerned student, these people should reflect upon the meeting and ask themselves why was nothing achieved. “The most important meeting”, achieved nothing! Students saw motion upon motion go through a bureaucratic machine and get torn to shreds. Examples of this bureaucracy were to be found on the first motion brought forward. The motion called for an amendment so that a non-student couldn’t run for the position of federation president. After consulting with both the federation’s secretary and the business manager, it was found at the meeting that the bylaw number was not “27 but 25”. So glorious student leaders, what was achieved at this “most important meeting”? It is time to get off your asses, stop attacking students, stop your splitting tactics and Ulli te all those that can be united to fight the Ontario Government and its cutbacks! This is the demand of the students ! Salah

Bachir

opposing cutbacks and working hard to eliminate the infamous bureaucracy in the Federation. Get this straight, that there is much work to be done on this campus and you h<ad better start doing it! Phil Fernandez

Outraged This is a letter of outrage. First, Renison fires two professors last year, Hugh ‘Millar and Jeff Forest, then Renison fires Marlene Webber in late summer, and in the fall the University fires Marsha Forest. If there is anybody so stupid that they believe that these firings are not political and are not connected to one another let them take a flying leap to the north pole and claim that a warm climate exists there. Ridiculous event follows ridiculous event. After these firings; motivated by political fascism in administration circles, the whole Human relations department is canned. Now we discover that an idiotic reactionary, Arthur Wiener by name is to be retained for another year as chairman of the Human Relations Department. Any pretence that this university is a liberal democratic institution has been clearly shown to be totally nonsense. One of the first acts a fascist takes is to attack communists. It seems to be well in keeping with the tenor of wage and price control fascism, green paper fascism, Western Guard fascism and cutbacks fascism. Only people with tunnel vision who refuse to look outside their entrails can fail to connect the events of the past few years with fascist ideology and practice . The problem for the reactionary forces is that they recognize that they can be defeated by concerted action of the people. This concerted action only comes about through proper leadership forged in struggle. On our campus the only group visibly struggling and fighting back against reaction is the AIA. If we are interested in fighting back against the impositions of administration, government and Western Guard then we must support the struggle of Marsha Forest, support the right of communists to teach. e

In last week’s Chevron (12/3/76), there appeared a letter entitled “Where were you?” signed by a motley crew of student federation hacks, petty bureaucrats and an assortment of other individuals. This letter made a feeble attempt to indict me for the “offence” of not showing up for the “Annual Meeting of the Federation of Students” which, according to this bunch “is the single most important meeting for all the students at this-university”. Well, first of all, if this meeting was the most important for the students at this university, why wasn’t anything significant accomplished? The report “Frenzied A.G.M. decided nothing” (Chevron 5/3/76) gives ample evidence of the illustrious bureaucratic machine that is our Federation. There were amendments to amendments, proposals were swept aside and nothing seems to have been accomplished as far as the interests of myself and other students on this campus are concerned. Second, as far as I am concerned, the most important meeting for all students on this campus was the Hagey lecture with Maxwell Henderson. And where were most of my accusers when many students opposed this apologist for education and social service spending cutbacks? Not to be found. This was noted by many students on this campus. Finally, I find it entirely disgusting that all of you engage in petty nonsense such as writing that letter when most of you as elected representatives of the students should be clarifying issues for students,

Rick DeGrass, Grad History.

Equation A mathematician I’m not, but the basic skills I’ve acquired in that field enable me to formulate a very simple equation: The renewal of Arthur Weiner’s contract, added to the non-renewal ,of Marsha Forest’s, equals yet another blatant political firing on this campus. Let’s try that equation again. Subtract Weiner’s previous experience (nil) from Forest’s (program director in the School of Education at U. of Massachusetts, assistant professor at McGill, consultant to the Montreal Oral School for the Deaf, assistant professor and program director in a teachers college, and teacher in a New York school for the deaf). Answer?-overwhelmingly more experience on Forest’s part. Conclusion: political firing. Let’s test it again. Subtract the number of students in Weiner’s HR 100 class, 11 from Forest’s 58. Answer?-almost five times as many students are attracted to Forest’s course than to Weiner’s. Conclusion: political firing e O.K., let’s try it once more. Take the number of Forest’s publications, 15, and subtract’from it the number of Weiner’s publications, one. Answer?-Forest more than amply proves her high standard of scholary work. Conclusion: political firing. How is it that the simplest arithmetic proves what the administration at this university repeatedly chooses to deny? How can they, in the face of the abovementioned facts, together with previous letters and petitions signed by angry faculty and students, and in view of the rally attended by over 250 people last term;-how

can they have the gall to deny the obvious motives which lie behind this firing? Well, contrary to your arithmetic, Burt Matthews and crew, the people at this university can see the facts, and they can add two and two together, and they do come up with the correct answer. And that answer is that the non-renewal of Marsha Forest’s contract is just one more failing attempt by the administration to keep progressive ideas from surfacing on this campus. But despite your sloppy miscalculations and your vain attempt to cover up what is an obvious political purge on this campus, you, Burt, and the rest of your ilk, have been exposed. Kathy

Bergen

Incompetence It is interesting to note with the renewal of Art Wiener’s contract that “incompetence gets rewarded”, while in comparison with the non-renewal of Dr. Marsha Forest’s contract, “popular teachers don’t last for long.” We don’t know why Art Wiener’s contract has been renewed. One would guess that the reason is that he has done a good job for the administration, for example in being instrumental in the firing of Dr. Forest, because a good teacher and scholar he ain’t. But with all conjecturing aside, Larry Haworth, the chairman of the management committee, did refuse to reveal what criteria were used in the renewal of Wiener’s eontract and so I would like to call into question what their criteria are?? Hiring and firing policy seems to be a dicey issue at this University, especially with the example of Reni* son last year. If no one is clear about what the criteria are, then how can any decisions be made about contract renewals? I think the fact that in the same department as Wiener, Dr. Forest was fired on the basis that her scholarship “was not up to the standard the department ought to uphold”, as one of the reasons given, where in sheer numbers she outdoes Wiener 15 : 1 in publications in total during their careers. Then it is only fair to ask what these mythical standards are imagined to be, and why {he concerned people are not informed of them. The Canadian Association for University Teachers Handbook clearly outlines the criteria for hiring and firing policy, but again on this campus we see no evidence of these outlines being adhered to. I think that the fact that we are not informed only goes to show that there is a strong absence of any sense ofjustice on the administration’s part, and that they are quite cowardly in not admitting that the firing of Dr. Forest was political in nature, and that Wiener is being rewarded with a one year breather for a good job done, where the administration is concerned. The fact that again students were not consulted shows again the utter disregard for our opinions in this area of concern; namely, who teaches us and what is taught to us. Dr. Forest’s classes are #eight times the size of Wiener’s, and over three hundred students and faculty protested her firing, and these two important facts are ignored principally because of her politics and social practice. McCarthyism is thinly veiled in the tactics of the administration and as students we should never relent in pointing these tactics out and actively opposing them‘ Academic freedom died last year at Renison with the firings of Dr. J. Forest and Professor Hugh Miller, and now it is a confirmed fact on this side of the campus as well. With having a dull, boring teacher such as Wiener retained, who is barely tolerated by the students in the department, and has no admitted politics except his fascistic activities in being instrumental in the firings of his colleague ,,-we can again learn from vivid example how our educations are being controlled at this university. As a student who from being an active member of the Renison Academic Assembly last year, and who had devoted much time and energy in learning through study’ and experience the way this university is run, I would like to point out that this action of the

management committee is a reflection of the incompetency of the faculty at this university to unite and defend each other using common criteria against losing theirjobs and demand that the existing outlines indeed be used, and if they are incompatible with their notions of what is fair, then they should be changed so that there is a standard equally applied to all faculty. What union would stand for this nonsense? So in closing, I would like to express my disgust at the management committee in particular, and the university administration in general, for continuing to implement nonexistent policies at this university, and for showing again how fascist they really are. Patti

Gilbert

Proposition Firstly I feel compelled to correct a certain proposition ennunciated by Webber in her contribution of March 12, that being “that labor and land are the source of all wealth.” Now this may or may not be in harmony with the world view of Engels, but it certainly is not in that of Marx. Indeed Marx expended considerable effort in despelling this notion through this critique of the Ricardian socialists . For a specific analysis of this by Marx I suggest Webber review “The Poverty of Philosophy”, Capital Volumn I, Part VIII’ ’ . “The So-Called Primitive Accumulation” and “Theories of Surplus Value”, Volumn III Chapter XXI Opposition to the Economists (Based on the Ricardian Theory). These readings will make it clear that, for Marx, the value of a commodity,‘be it a component of the capital stock or otherwise, is always c plus u plus s; never simply u plus s. Thus constant capital is a primary source of exchange value, though it does not contribute to the value of surplus. As Srabba has put it in the attempt to reduce the value of a commodity to quantities of dated labor “Beside the labor terms there will always be a ‘commodity residue’ consisting of minute fractions of every basis product.. .” As to the significance of (and, the discussion of Physiocracy by Marx in “Theories of Surplus Value”, Volumn I, Chapter II The Physiocrats’) should relieve Webber of her confused views. Secondly, I would like to raise an issue of broader significance. Webber, I believe, was attempting to make the case that wages cannot be accumulated. ‘ ‘In part II, Volumn I of Capital, Marx shows how money is transformed into capital and it is certainly not by the accumulation of wages for the purchase of commodities to sustain life.” This is simply not so. One can only be amazed at such a statement when faced with the reality of truly amount of capital controlled by union pension funds and mutuals throughout North America and Europe. By this, however, I don’t wish to imply that the Marcuse-like homogenization of industrial society isunder way. Rather I mean that Webber has taken the wrong talk in her argument. She has to maintain the classical assumption that wages are fixed well below the level which would allow net savings by the working class. She need not have adopied this solution; at least not since, L. Pasinetti in “Income Distribution and Growth” demonstrated that even if workers’ savings are allowed these savings have no impact on the level of growth and thus employment. Therefore workers cannot save their way to power in a capitalist economy since the distribution of social surplus is still out of their control. Further it has been shown that the existance of workers’ saving is comparable with Marx’s proofs of a positive ‘rate of exploitation’ is directly related to a positive ‘rate of profits’ 1 In conclusion it seems to me that anyone who maintains the pretense of being part of the revolutionary vanguard should be more familiar with classical sources as well as contemporary work than Webber is. *

4th year

John Rose Economics

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uncurbed also a high-profit industry, which of course many are not. The working poor are in fact being abandoned by the Liberal government. Health, welfare and educational expenditures are being curtailed because the government has a different set of priorities that it is not prepared to abandon. These include projects like the Mirabel -Airport;the James Bay The merely symbolic exercise in price Hydro Electric Project, the MacKenzie Valcontrol that the incomes policy involves has ley pipeline, Syncrude and a host of other grave implications for workers who are subresource developments. jected to the policy’s wage guidelines. The Not unexpectedly, the wage and price 10 per cent ceiling on wage increases is’made control package offers comfort neither to up of eight per cent to catch up with rising home workers nor to those who cannot prices and another two per cent to match the work. Pensioners, welfare recipients and growth of output of the economy. There are handicapped workers have not been offered two problems with this. an additional 10 per cent. The first is that the two per cent growth Nor are unemployed workers’being ofrate figure is based on a long term historical fered jobs at any wage level. Unemployment average. In actuality, the economy usually has ,risen to 7.3 per cent in, the month of grows faster than that during recovery November. This is the highest level of unperiods and all growth in excess of two per employment in Canada in fo.urteen years. cent will go to profits, which the guidelines There is only one reliable way in which specifically allow for. low-paid workers can obtain better wages, More important, however, is the simple governmental “permission” to get fact that at the moment the rate of inflation in and higher increases has nothing to do with this. Canada is not eight per cent, but 11.3 per It is for low-paid workers to follow a breakcent, and if this situation doesn’t improve through made by a stronger and betterunder the weak price controls, workers real. organized group of workers. The incomes incomes, even including the two per cent for policy is designed to prevent this. productivity, will fall by 1.3 per cent, and If better-paid workers really want to help they will get no share of the growth in output low-paid workers the way to do it is not to of the economy. It is only those workers who follow the government’s advice, and restrain can make a catch-up case an&obtain an additheir wage increases, but to fight the incomes tional two per cent allowed by the guidelines policy and offer low-paid workers their exwho will keep their heads above water at all. perience in organizing effectively. Those workers who managed to obtain While the Federal government intends to real wage increases in the past, on the other cost out every item of increase including hand, may.find their future increases cut by ‘extra time on coffee breaks, the most comtwo per cent, leaving them with an eight per mon methods by which executives and owncent increase at best, including the produc- ’ ers award themselves increases will not be tivity provision. If the rate ofjnflation touched. doesn’t lessen-they will suffer a real wage Bonuses, stock option schemes, expense cut of over three per cent. accounts, interest-free loans, promotions There are some who believe that the inand the services of high-priced accountants comes policy is designed to benefit the are all outside the wage guidelines. Accordworst-off people in ‘our society. They could ing to an announcement on October 31, dinot be more wrong. vidends can continue to be paid in the future In its most general sense the policy is deat third-quarter 1975 levels. .signed not to redistribute income, but to The extent to which business was origifreeze the present distribution of income, nally really perturbed about controls on since everyone is to get the same percentage these dividends is no more clearly indicated increase whether theirincome is high or low. than in the record of the Toronto share price In a society as unequal as Canada’s this index, which showed a marked downturn means freezing a situation in which the top after the announcemnt of the anti-inflation 20 per cent of income recipients get 40 per and a similarly marked upturn cent of the total income, while the bottom 20 programme ori the Oct. 31. In the space of two weeks, per cent get three per cent. To be sure, the government has provided a since Oct. 31, the market has rebounded by over ten points. minor amendment to this, exemp,ting work/ ers who receive less than $3.50 an ho.ur and allowing them to receive an annual increase Scadegoats of up to $1,000. It is on this basis that the Civil servants are the ones that have been policy is supposed to benefit the lowestmost obviously singled out as scapegoats by paid. 5 the government and the media. This gesture seems very equitable until The operation of incomes policies in other one remembers that workers earning wages countries. has shown that public employees that low don’t necessarily have the power to are always the most strictly controlled and get an increase ofmore than ten per cent. If are chosen by the government to set an exyou are poorly organized or unorganized, if ample for the rest of the economy. you are working in a low-profit and lowIt is no surprise that the federal guidelines productivity industry, the government may include all public servants at the federal, proallow you to get a 100 per cent increase, but vincial and municipal levels as well as a-11empa that will do you little good. .% loyees of Crown agencies and institutions, lwhereas less than 50 per cent of workers in .Move ahead the private sector are covered. The most amazing part of this, is that the Contrary to all the publicity given to supgovernment is telling better-paid workers posedly outrageous wage settlements in the that if they hold back on-their increases, the public sector, department of labor figures lower-paid workers can move ahead. Inshow that public service, settlements have deed, it insists that big unions must accept not been excessive and in fact have averaged responsibility for inequitable wage distribua couple of percentage points lower-year / tion. Nothing could be more ludicrous. by year-than private sector settlements. If workers in the higher-paid industries * In the 1971-74 period wage settlements for accept the call to restrain their increases, no all private sector employees in contracts mechanism exists to transfer the money covering 500 or more amounted to a 46 per saved in these industries to workers empcent increase while the average rise for the loyed in lower-paying jobs. Neither does the federal public service was 33 per cent. government possess the mea.ns to transfer In the first half of 1975 public service pay profits from, say, the car industry to subincreases were slightly above those in the sic&e low pay in the textile industry. private sector, but the long-term relationEven if the low-paid workers submitted ships of private sector gains exceeding the larger claims than the rest and they were public sector ones will probably have been endorsed by the board, the employers ofthe reestablished by year-end. low-paid would not be able ‘to meet these By cutting back on wage increases in the claims unless the industry in question was public sector and by reducing expenditures This is the &cod part of the feature on wage controls *which appeared in last week’s chevron, in which authors Cy Gonick and Leo Panitch examine the application of wage and price controls to the Canadian economy. The article is reprinted from Canadian Dimension magazine. p

on health and education, governments are hoping to improve their financial situation in the eyes of world bankers. They can then borrow more funds on better terms to finance what they consider to be items of the highest priority, such as the McKenzie Valley Pipeline.

Inflation

fighters

The government is backing up&is wage restraint policy with considerable legal powers. The Anti-ii%lation Board will be able to. examine any agreement, concluded or pending, and decide what the permissable increase is. If the board can’t get its report accepted “voluntarily” by the parties involved, or if the Cabinet decides to act against’a wage claim even withoutaboard report, the Government’s “Administrator” may make an order prohibiting anyone from contravening the guidelines. He. may require either an employer or a group of workers’ to pay to the government a fine equal in amount they received in excess of the guidelines and may even apply an additional fine of up to 25 per cent of this amount if he feels the guidelines were contravened ‘ ‘knowingly”. If the order of the Administrator is not complied with by an employer, a union or an unaffiliated group of workers, they may be subjected to a fine, on summary conviction, of up to $10,000 and two years imprisonment, or on conviction on indictment, to an unlimited fine of not less than $10,000 and five years imprisonment. These are harsh penalties to go with a harsh and unjust policy, but they do not guarantee that the policy will, in fact, work. Consider first the administrative apparatus of the Board. The Board has a staff of 200,40 of whom are public relations officers . Many of the large corporations whose prices are to be controlled have an accounting staff that is as large as the entire govemment board. By contrast to the manpower allocated to administering this economic program, Canada needed a staff of over 10,000 during the war to administer much less unpopular controls over a much less complicated economy. . And the U.S. had a staff of 5,000 to ad-‘ minister its control program in the early 70’s and later a top administrator of that program said five times that number would be needed if they were ever seriousabout applying ptice controls. The government has suggested that it will ease its price monitering task by asking that it be notified of a limited ‘number of price increases so they can be examined beforehand. We have yet to be told what items this will cover or how the AntiLinflation Board, given its small size, will be able to investigateadequately-corporate intentions in this regard. What we may in fact expect is indicated by the British experience where a similar notification policy operated from July, 1967, to June, 1970. Despite the government’s own estimate of three million price changes a year taking place in Britain at the time, only 2,162 price change notifications were received by the British government over the whole three year period, and of these, 1,807 were accepted as notified. This means that out of nine million price changes the government price control machinery either modified or rejected a grand total of 345 or 0.0004 per cent. If the British Labor Government’s price control program was as empty as this, it is easy to imagin\= how ‘ ‘succes sfuf” price control will be under our own Liberal govemment with it’s close financial, personal and ideological ties to Big Business.

Their backgrounds? The makeup of the Anti-inflation Board is clearly not calculated to create fear in the minds of the corporate establishment. The Board members between them have held eleven corporate directorships. Jean-

Luc Pepin, the $1,308 a week (!) Board chairman appropriately enough headed the list with six positions. They were: Power Corporation of Canda, Canada Steamship Lines, Celanese Canada Ltd., Westinghouse Canada Ltd., Bombardier Ltd., and Collins Radio Co. of Canada Ltd. As a former Minister of Trade, Industry and Commerce, he was undoubtedly a useful asset in the board room. Other Board members, Jack Biddell and Harold Renouf, have enough expertise between them to know that it is impossible to moniter prices, as both are accountants. Renouf is a past governor of the Canadian Tax Foundation, as well as a/director of Associated Accounting Firms International, based in New York. Jack Biddell, president of Clarkson Gordon Ltd., an accounting firm, may have no mechanism to control prices, but he has formed some novel ideas about controlling wages. Earlier this year he suggested the govemment “encourage company and regionally oriented unions” and discourage industrywide bargaining as a way of clamping down on the power of big unions. (MacLean’s-April, 1975). While the logic of Biddell’s argument is unclear, his antiunion sentiments are as plain as day. William Ladyman, the “Labor” representative on the Board is also no stranger to the board room. A retired member of the Inter’ national Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, a past vice-president of the CLC, he was reported by the Financial Post to have ‘ ‘a foot in the management camp” when he joined the Board of Directors of Polyme,r in 1966. . Since then he got the other foot in by becoming a consultant to the Great-West Life Assurance Co., a director of Ontario Housing Corporation; member of the Economic Council of Canada and Governor ‘of. Queensway General Hospital. The remaining members of tFie Board are -Claude Castonguay and Beryl Plumptre. Both have a long-standing association wjth the Liberal Party. During 1970-73, Castonguay was the Quebec Minister of Health and Social Affairs and was number two man in Bourassa’s cabinet. During this period he was the chief architect of the Quebec Pension Plan. He devised the rn-achinery to channel pension . funds into grandiose Liberal Party projects such as the James Bay Development. After leaving Provincial politics in 1973, Castonguay re-entered the business world as a corporate consultant and picked up a directorship in IMASCO%Ltd. Beryl Plumptre’s alliance with the Liberal Party goes back to the 1950’s. Through her connections with the Pearson government she was appointed to numerous Public PO& tions. These included director of the Canadian Welfare Council. She also became President and director of the Government sponsored Consumers Association of Canada, (created by the Department of Consumer and Corporate Affairs). On the basis of that job she became Chairperson of the Prices Review Board she ’ proved her value to the Liberal Party and its Corporate supporters. While unable to find even one case of “profiteering” she was able to state that workers’ wage increases were . the major cause of inflation. These are the people who the government has chosen to sell Canadians the virtues of restraint. That the product to be sold is wage restraint is clear. The final insult is that they will be paid in excess of $40,000 a year to tell workers earn-’ ing $10,000 a year to “bite the bullet” and do their part to c,reate the “just society” in ’ Canada. While the administration’s effort to police price rises will be token, it will not necessart ily have an easy time controlling wa-ge hikes. Collective bargaining is difficult to police _ especially if no one pays any attention to the policy. Unless the government vastly expands its administrative and policing apparatus or becontinued

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gins to deny basic freedoms such as the right of association, the laws against breaking the policy could end up being as effective as laws against jay walking. Even the firing orjailing of strike leaders does not guarantee the end of the strike or prevent the emergence of sympathy strikes. In short, for legal sanctions to operate effectively, at least mass worker acquiescence in the policy is required, and for this to be created an invaluable ally is the union itself, which can legitimate the policy in the eyes of its workers’.

The discontent that boils up in the unions due to wage restraint is just beginning to be seen now in the United-States: It has been seen very clearly in Britain, where the only periods in which union membership has fallen since 1954 was during the two periods when unions cooperated in an incomes policy, in 1948-50 and 1966-67. In the later period falling by 2 per cent. Together with this effect on membership, British unions experienced increased unofficial strikes and the defeat of union leaders who went along with the policy at union con-

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and capital had risen steadily. The situation was reversed in 1964 when labour’s share began to rise, a trend which continued until 1970. Given then conditions.. . action to stabilize their economy was clearly required”. Similar sentiments were expressed by the former director of the U.S. Cost of Living Council, Arnold Webster, when he later explained the purpose of the U.S. control program he administered in the early ‘70’s’: “The idea of the freeze and phase II was to zap labor. And we*,did”. Ironically, Pierre Trudeau himself has described this better than anyone else. During the 1974 federal election in which the Liberals campaigned against wage and price controls, Trudeau told a Timmins, Ontario, audience: “You can’t freeze executive salaries and dividends because there are too many loopholes to squeeze through.” He noted that import prices couldn’t be frozen ,and that food and housing could be exemptedbfrom the freeze they are now. “So what’s he going to freeze?” Trudeau shouted . “Your wages! He’s going to freeze your wages !” (Quoted in the Toronto Star, October 28/75)

An alternative

ferences. ‘l’his led to a new and more militant This is why almost all attempts at incomes union leadership which not only verbally oppolicy, including the present one, have inposed the incomes policy. volved in the first instance an attempt to get It should be noted in this connection that voluntary union cooperation. This is why, even though the Canadian labor movement no parliamentary government in the,west that has intoduced a compulsory wage freeze rejected such a voluntary policy in 1969, and talks eager has been reelected in the subsequent elecagain in Turner’s “consensus” this year, and yet again when this policy was tion. The victorious party in British elections, announced, the Government is still trying to however, has been consistently pressured get union cooperation. by financial interest to re-introduce its own The Government strives for union coopincomes policy. This only indicates the emperation because it wants the unions to be the tiness of mere electoral victories in capitalist agent of control, applying the policy to its democracies. own members. It seeks to get unions to do The implications of this experience elsethis by appealing to an alleged common inwhere is suggestive for the threat that Canaterest between workers and employers. When the government is successful in getdian workers now face. Unions and workers must be made aware-and must bring this ting union cooperation, incomes policy can point home to their employer-that wage work in terms of wage restraint for a time. demands and agreements above the The Americanincomes policy, reduced first-year wage agreements from 13.5 per guidelines are not of themselves illegal. cent on the quarter before the policy was The exceptions allowed for in the introduced in August 1971, to 6.4 per cent by policy--higher wages to hold workers or atthe end of 1972. This helped bring the wage tract new ones, the comparability clause, the and salary portion of the U.S. national inexception for fringe increases for health and come down from 74.5 per cent in 197 1 to 72.5 safety, or the elimination of “restrictive per cent in 1973 while the percentage going practices”all leave the Board and the to big business rose from 14.6 per cent to Government with a large task of interpreta16.2 per cent. tion in any particular case, and this must be Similarly in Britain in the 1%0’s, the inplayed to the hilt. comes policy reduced the rate of wage inThis does not mean going to the board cap creases by about 1 per cent a year from what in hand “for permission”, but in the sense of they otherwise would have been. This wage continuing with militant wage demands and restraint was seen as well in the number of leaving the government with the task of provagreements that were not only reduced by ing that anyone “knowingly” contravened which were delayed by government interferthe guidelines. This is not the first attempt by the federal ence and board investigations. The underlying conflict that exists betgovernment to redistribute the share of naween employers and employees does not go tional income from wages and salaries to away under an incomes policy, however; inprofits. In 4969-70 the government estabdeed that conflict is intensified. lished the Prices and Incomes Commission. And it is always unions, the direct object One of the Commissioners, George Hawthof the policy, who first begin to bear the orne, was candid in revealing the reason why brunt of workers’ dissatisfaction with their an incomes policy was attemptedat this position. This is inevitable since workers s time. can do little about the political system, in an In an article for the International Labour immediate sense, but can have a real and Review, he said: “From 1957 to 1963 the immediate influence on their unions. share of Canada’s income going to profits

program

To date the CLC strategy has been confined to opposing the legislation by all “legal means”. This has meant charging union locals to “pursue their collective bargaining with vigour and determination”; establishing a national lobby and informational campaign to discredit the government program and put forward its own position; and retaining lawyers to test the constitutionality of the legislation. If this is the sum total of the Canadian labor movements response to the incomes policy ,‘the policy will likely succeed, meaning losses of wages by both organized and unorganized workers and a serious weakening of the union organizations themselves. At the least organized labor must respond by withdrawing from all government boards, provide material and vocal aid to all striking workers, (the lack of support given for the postal workers was reprehensible) and lead =well organized demonstrations in all parts of the country. The Common Front of Quebec is considering a general strike. A general strike throughout Canada may well be what is necessary to defeat the program. The corporate establishment through its political agents in government has embarked on a policy of political confrontation with Canadian ,workers and unprecedented restraints in their freedoms. The labor movement will have to respond politically as well, with tactics and strategies that are also new and unconventional. Direct controls over incomes bring the question of income distribution into the political arena. The distribution of income is, in the final analysis, the real issue at hand. Defeating the Liberal wage control program is essential.

But this will not solve the continuing reality of massive inflation, massive unemployment, gross inequalities and insufferable poverty. What is needed is an alternative economic program that comes to grip with these, the products of the present economic and political system. Some elements of this program are suggested below: -permanent price controls instituted in the context of an economic plan; -a reordering of priorities in which the vast sums spent on national defence and on a variety of projects like The Olympic Games, James Bay, Mackenzie Valley Pipelines, Syncrude, etc. etc., will be curtailed and replaced by a massive housing program; -nationalization of urban land held by the r large developers to eliminate land speculation; -nationalization of the oil and gas industry to ensure a supply of energy that reflects the cost of Canadian produced oil rather than the artificial world price, -nationalizaftion of the banks and finance companies to control credit and ensure that the savings of the people will be used to support projects of national and regional priority; -nationalization of agribusiness corporations to take control of food processing and distribution; -controls on the export of profits and royalties by Canadian and foreign corporations; - full cost of living allowances on all wages, pensions and social services in direct proportion to monthly increases in the cost of living; -a 25 per cent surtax on annual incomes in excess of $25,000; -a massive income redistribution that would (a) require a minimum annual wage for all working people that is not less than 80 per cent of the average industrial wage. (b) require a minimum annual income for all people that are unable to work that is not less than 80 per cent of the average industrial wage. We hardly expect that any existing government would introduce this kind of program. Nor do we believe that it will satisfy those who cry for instant utopia. It comes as a direct response to an economic crisis whose burdens are presently being loaded upon ordinary people. Indeed it must be seen as only the beginning of what must become a thorough reordering of the existing economic system. Economic crises of this order have one redeeming feature. They create the potential *for a new kind of unity within the labor movement as people begin to recognize that the existing fragmentation leads nowhere but to disaster. They also shatter the old belief that politics is something that happens only at election time. Whether the labor movement and the political left can break out of old patterns to effectively defend the living standards of working people and mount a campaign around a radical economic program will be severely tested over the next few years.

Member: Canadian university press (CUP). The chevron is typeset by members ofthe workers’ union of dumont press graphix (CNTU) and published by the federation of students incorporated, university of waterloo. Content is the sole responsibility of the chevron editorial staff. Offices are located in the campus centre; (%I 9) 8851660, or university local 2331. Hi yaw reachers out there in chevron land. here we are with another big helping of the goodies you’ve all been hungerin’ for. sorry for all the ads, bwt they pay for the paper and we got caught with a bigger feedback section than we were expecting. at least it shows that someone’s reading the paper and taking the time to write back about what they do or don’t like. note to mark s. smith: thanks for coming down and your letter will be in next week. production this week by sylvia hannigan, diane ritza, isabella grigoroff, Chris jones, george eisler, john boyle, loris gewasio, graham gee, nina tymoszewier, neil docherty, john morris and me, hh. by the way, today is when editor, production manager and ad manager for next year are chosenand all staff are strongly encouraged to be in the chevron office from I:00 on for the election. see you there one and all, including anyone i may have missed.

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