Infrastructure Quarterly Vol 02 2014 by ValueWeb

April - June 2014

www.infrastructurequarterly.com

ISSN: 2360-9095

CEMENT STANDARDISATION: “The Raging War”

Roads & Bridges At last the Second Niger Bridge is a reality

Equipment Vermeer T 1255, the tested commander and track trencher for the needed power in mining.

Issues Laying Solid Foundation on Infrastructure

Power Nigeria sets aside US$300M risk guarantee for investors

CONTENTS 46. Pacesetter

5-15 News Ghana Ports Workers, Govt at daggers drawn Cement Importation crippling Tanzanian local firms

Second coming of the Second Niger Bridge

Professionals renew calls for safety consciousness at LHF

74-75.Materials Watch

Safety necessary for economic growth

16-20. Power

Gas plants shutdown affects power supply

Thinking big with Lagos-Badagry Expressway Project

47-49 Health & Safety

Obama calls for new transportation funding

Lagos taps economic gains from power generation, distribution

43. Roads

Jeff ‘Vwede Obahon: the safety preacher

FG Commits N8.22 bn to Ilorin Kebba Road

70. Events FOCI holds exhibition in Lagos

53-69. Building & Construction

22-34. Housing Finance Lagos links HOMS to mortgage property law

36-42. Interview 35. Technology Dungdaemun design plaza - a landmark neofuturistic design

71. Aviation

Harness unutilised pension funds, others to real estate - AHCN

Hamad International Airpot now open for service

FG, Lagos flex muscles over Ilubirin Land

Emirate gives August date for flight operations in Abuja, Kano

Architects Advocate periodic review of Abuja Master Plan

72-73. Maritime

FG seeks surveyors involvement in infrastructure master plan

Nimasa seeks private partnership to modernize maritime infrastructure

Cement War www.infrastructurequarterly.com

April - June 2014

CEMENT STANDARDISATION: “The Raging War”

Roads & Bridges At last the Second Niger Bridge is a reality

Equipment Vermeer T 1255, the tested commander and track trencher for the needed power in mining.

Issues Laying Solid Foundation on Infrastructure

Power Nigeria sets aside US$300M risk guarantee for investors

The new campaign to standardise the manufacturing and importation of cement as raised by the Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) has generated a feud between cement manufacturers, while experts and stakeholders in the building and construction industry are aligning themselves along the divide.

now

ONLINE edition www.infrastructurequarterly.com

SUBSCRIPTION OFFER

subscribe for 4 editions and get 25% discount infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

call 08023050678 APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

EDITORIAL SUITE

Plea for calm among cement manufacturers

Publisher/Editor in Chief Oladapo A. Orelaja Editor Dachi Maduako General Manager (Operations) Yewande Green Correspondents Martins Alumona-eze Mary Chikezie Loveth Okonoboh

Research Analysts Ngozi Jude Designers/Graphics Abidemi Lott

Sales & Marketing Nelly Nwakile IT Consultant Nwokocha J. Prince Contributing Writers Prof. Kerry Gardiner, Ojo Temitope

Publish By: Woodxtra Building & Construction Support Services. 35, Ibadan Street, Ebute-Metta (East), Oyingbo, End of Herbert Macaulay Road, Lagos, Nigeria. Tel: +234 (0) 802 305 0678, +234 (0) 806 948 4557 E:woodextrass@gmail.com E: info@infrastructurequarterly.com.ng www.infrastructurequarterly.com

Recent events in the cement sub sector of the economy have set everyone connected both directly and indirectly to the sector agitated. The concern is not caused by scarcity of the product as before. It is worrisome that this time, it is within the producers themselves who are subtly warring against themselves on the recent policy of the Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) on a new Mandatory Industrial Standard Order (MISO) for cement manufacturing, distribution and usage in the country. Infrastructure Quarterly's (IQ) understanding is that there was an agreement between, SON and the stakeholders including cement manufacturers and other building and construction industry experts who were already raising indicting accusations trying to lay the blames of collapsed buildings to the door step of manufacturers saying the quality of the cement they produce was part of the problem, to set up a technical committee. Even though no one has been able to pin down reasons for any collapsed building incident to cement quality, we feel that the outcome of the work of the technical committee on cement standardisation set up by SON agreed upon by the stakeholders and already signed by the Minister of Industry, Trade and Investments should be given a trial. As an independent key player in the built environment IQ tends to believe that the new policy which insists that the 32.5 grade should be limited to plastering works only while cement manufacturers should move up to 42.5 and 52.5 should be applauded. It is confirmed by licensed cement importers that one of the Federal Government's condition for licensing them is that they should not import the 32.5 grade but 42.5 grade which they adhered to. So, this should not cause any bickering among the manufacturers. However, we are not unawares of the inherent problems surrounding the manufacturers especially, the issue of upgrading their production lines to produce the higher grades. IQ understands the problem of funding needed for upgrades. This case demands special government intervention as it has done to some other sectors of the economy. With the self sufficiency attained in cement production, a financial intervention to this sector will be a boost to the economy. If the higher grades are attained, it will increase export potentials of these manufacturers. IQ therefore, makes this Clarion call on cement manufacturers to come together and present a position that could make a case for intervention of the Federal Government. This will not only enhance their profitability, it will ensure the Nigerian consumer does not suffer because when two elephants fight, the grass suffers. Besides, if the Nigerian movie industryâ&#x20AC;? the Nollywood got an intervention and is now reckoned with in the Nigerian economy, the cement sector would go a longer way with government intervention. 4

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Home

News

Nigerian Government receives reports of Gurara, Kaﬁn Zaki Dam projects

he Nigerian Government has received the progress reports on the Gurara Phase I and Kafin Zaki Dam Projects from the Ministries of Power and Water Resources. The reports were received by the Vice President, Arc. Namadi Sambo. The Senior Special Adviser to the Vice President on Media and Publicity, Umar Sani, stated in a statement released in Abuja, the vice president expressed satisfaction with the progress of work, and urged for speedy completion of the projects. According to the Project Officer in the Ministry of Water Resources who briefed the vice president, there are a total of 309 transmission towers that were being constructed. He added that they were at various stages of completion. He stated that the road construction from the Dam to Kaftari would be completed within the year, while the bridge also under construction would cut across the Gurara River to avoid unnecessary access to the dam. On irrigation, the statement said Mr. Sambo was informed that they were employing five types of irrigation methods that included irrigation by gravity, irrigation with fixed sprinklers, drip irrigation, mobile irrigation with sprinklers, and pivot irrigation system. It stated that the projects were categorised in lots A & B and that both lots were at 97 per cent and 98 per cent completion stages, and promised that the project would be completed soon. On the graduate farmers' irrigation school scheme, he said that substantial progress had been attained in that regard. Source: (NAN) infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

FG commits N 8.22 bn to Ilorin – Kabba – Obajana raod

ederal Government is to commit N8.22 billion to the rehabilitation of the Ilorin‐Kaba‐ Obajana road cutting across Kwara state and Kogi states. The flag‐off ceremony marking the official commencement of rehabilitation works on the road is the second phase and was performed by the Minister of Works, Arc. Mike Onolememen.

Minister of works Arc. Mike Onolememen (Centre), Sen. Smart Adeyemi and Traditional Ruler

According to the Minister, the 80 kilometre stretch road which serves as a major economic artery by providing access to not only the

biggest cement plant in the continent of Africa, Obajana Cement Factory, also provides access to the Nation's premier Steel Plant in Ajaokuta, Kogi State. The road also connects Kogi and Kwara States while also serving as a connector‐highway that links the North‐South Arterial route A1 (Lagos‐Ibadan‐Ilorin‐Kaduna‐Katsina) to the North‐South Arterial route A2 (Warri‐Benin‐Lokoja‐Abuja‐Kaduna‐Katsina). Onolememen stated that on completion of the road project, which was awarded to Messrs CGC Nigeria Limited , travel time and cost of vehicle maintenance will be reduced while socio‐ economic activities in the country will increase, thereby contributing to an improved National Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which currently stands at 510 Billion dollars. The Minister also said that the road would be completed within 36 calendar months at the cost of N8.22Billion marking the commitment of the present administration to providing standard motorable roads to commuters nationwide. Earlier, in his speech, the Executive Governor of Kogi State, Captain Idris Wada, promised to provide all necessary security and support to the contractors to ensure successful completion of the project. He however called for compliance to the terms of the contract and asked the contractor not to cut corners but stick strictly to speciﬁcations. Senator Smart Adeyemi and the Obaro of Kabba Land, HRM Oba Michael Olabayo in whose constituency and kingdom the road traverses, promised to provid e support in form of accommodation, manpower, security among other requests as may be required by the company until the completion of the project. The highway is a 2 lane 7.3metre single carriageway with 2.5metres wide shoulders on both sides. 5

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Fire Limited ...Fire & Security Systems Engineers

Total Solution to Design, Supply, Installation & Maintenance of:

* * * *

FIRE PROTECTION, DETECTION & SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS SECURITY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS AND OTHER ELVS SYSTEMS

Lagos Office:

Abuja Office:

SURVEILLANT FIRE LTD

Surveillant House 15, Kasumu Street, Shangisha Magodo, Lagos

Suit 204A, DBM Plaza Aminu Kano Crescent, Abuja.

Tel.: 08053613092, 08038044573, 08053360785 email: info@surveillantfire.com, jumade@surveillantfire.com

MEMBER OF:

REPRESENTATIVE OF:

www.surveillantfire.com

Home

News

ASA UNEC think on Urbanism, future of Architecture

ll is now set for the conference of architects and other professionals in the built environment at the Enugu Campus of the University of Nigeria. The conference tagged ASAFEST 1.0 is organized by the Architecture Students Association (ASA) in collaboration with the Department of Architecture, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu. The 4‐day event is the maiden edition and will feature a conference, exhibition and reunion. The event has been scheduled to hold from July 22 – 26. According to the President of the association, Mr. Chika Maduako, this is the ﬁrst of its kind where three events will be hosted in one. “We hope to hold conference, exhibition and reunion of our alumnites who passed through this department. They are doing very well in all the places where they are practicing. These are our fore‐runners. We feel proud of them and want them to reunite with us. It will provide students opportunity to meet those we will call our fore‐runners from this department. All participants and partners will have excellent opportunities to meet with the various key players and stakeholders in the construction industry,” he said. On the theme, “Urbanism and the future of Architecture in Nigeria,” Maduako said this was carefully chosen considering the rate at which the world is urbanizing as new towns and cities are continuously being formed and are becoming larger as more people migrating from the rural areas to live and work in these new towns and cities. They do this to earn a living and with improved livelihood developments accompany the new cities. All these encourage eﬀective economic development in which lies the economic future of the cities. With urbanising cities springing up around the country, architects are bound to play major role in moving the country forward.

become the ﬁrst Nigerian Mega city, the prospect is also there for others to take a queue from Lagos. And with rapid urbanisation accompanied by a rising middle class in the country we are bound to make our modest but signiﬁcant contributions to the nation's economic growth. Notable speakers have been lined up to speak on topical issues that would bring a change in the nation's urban setting and the future of architecture. They include: Arc. Emeka Okoronkwo, Head of Department of Architecture, Enugu state University of Technology, Enugu State, who speaks on “Urbanism and the future of Architecture in Nigeria”. Chairman, Enugu State Chapter of the Nigerian Institute of Architects (NIA), Arc. Nwagbara, will speak on “Bridging the gap between students and NIA while Arc. Chendo I G. of the department of Architecture, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu will speak on “Architectural practice and conduct: students and professionals”. Other speakers include a past Vice President of the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), Barr. Ikeazor Akaraiwe. He will speak on “The role of Law in Architectural practice” Engineer Okechukwu Emejulu (MD/CEO) Akiota Works speaks on “Building collapse and the future of Architecture in Nigeria: the Engineering Approach. The President (Africa), Commonwealth Association of Surveying Land Economists (CASEL) and a former President of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveying (NIQS), Mr. Segun Ajanlekoko is among the speakers and will be handling “Construction Industry Bank and Urbanism: its relevance to Architecture”. Dr. Ralph Chikezie of the Federal Medical Centre, Abakaliki will speak on “Managing Stress in Architectural practice” among many others.

According to him Lagos has already grown to infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Regional Liberian Villagers embark on self‐help eﬀorts to build road

elf help efforts still work where government fail to offer meaningful intervention to establish its presence in the land. This was the case for villagers of Boa town in Yellequelleh District of Liberia who decided to take matters into their own hands by building a farm‐to‐ market road with their bare hands, after their pleas for government intervention failed to receive attention. Neither the local authority nor humanitarian organizations had heeded to the villagers' request for a farm road. To kick start the construction of the five‐kilometer road, each household of the over 100 households in the village was tasked with the contribution of LD$200 for the construction. The contribution according to the chief of Boa town, Peter Thompson, was a general consensus reached by the people when they decided to construct the road by themselves. "The superintendent had assured us of helping us, but to no avail. The government's budget is small and we felt we should understand their situation," Thompson said. A villager, Gorma Fangalow, said they had raised the issue in the county development meetings several times but to no avail. "Though it was reflected in the plan, there is no budget. Even our Superintendent, Selena Polson‐Mappy, during meetings with us said the same," said Fangalow. “The way no road, life is hard for us, we have to walk three hours from the nearest road to reach our village. By last November, we had decided we should build our own road." Many of the villagers said the road project was a worthy sacrifice and an investment for the future. FrontPageAfrica reports that many of the villagers are losing part of their land and more importantly rice, their main cash crop. "We are not worrying about our land and crop that is spoiling due to the road construction. We will get the reward in the future," a resident said.

for four to five hours. "So the government has a greater task of constructing roads to such places." She said their village was just about five kilometers away from the nearest road. "We took as citizen's responsibility to build the road”. The village elder, Arthur Diggs, who lives at the top and the farthest part of Boa's town said he was already looking forward to the completion of the road. "The hiring charge for carrying a bag of rice from the road to my place costs LD 400. We have done this for a very long time and it's becoming expensive for us." Once the road is completed, Diggs said, they could always ask those who own vehicles to help them carry their loads. Some of the villagers said they are optimistic about the economic benefits the road would bring about. "Once the road reaches our doorstep, we can cultivate vegetables and we will have vehicles to take them to the market," said another villager, Martha Bedell. Source: Front Page Africa

Ghana Ports workers, Govt at daggers drawn

orts and Harbours workers in Ghana are at daggers drawn with their country;s government over the latter's decision to grant permit to a foreign private company to establish a new oil logistics port at Atuabo, in the Ellembele district in the Western region. Operating under the aegis of Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority (GPHA) the workers had claimed that the decision of Government on the development of the Atuabo port by Lonrho Ports Ghana Limited, is a violation of the PNDC Act 160 of 1986, which gives GPHA the sole right to plan, build, develop, manage, maintain, operate and control ports in the country. "Contrary to the dictates of the PNDC Law Act 160, the draft agreement authorizes the Atuabo port to be a sole operator and manager of a one stop oil logistics port to service oﬀshore rigs and vessels in the booming oil industry in the sub‐region for 25 years, which is to be renewed automatically for another 25 years", the port workers stressed. They expressed shock at the way and manner the Director General (DG) of the Authority, Mr. Richard Anamoo, is handling the issue, pretending he did not know what was going on within the port or maritime industry in the country. According to the Chronicle, the workers have, called on government to abrogate all agreements relating to the development of the new oil logistics port at Atuabo, to avoid incurring the wrath of all the workers of GPHA, both in Tema and Takoradi, saying they are ready to lay down their lives to protect the Authority. The workers made this known at a press conference organized jointly by executive members of the senior and junior workers union of GPHA, as well as the Maritime and Dock Workers Union (MDU) of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in Tema. Mr. Frank B.D Essilie, Secretary of the Takoradi GPHA union, who spoke on behalf of the workers, warned the government and some persons he described as faceless to desist from going ahead with the project. He explained that granting such exclusive right to Lonrho Ports Ghana Limited to engage in the illegal construction of a port in Ghana would create serious security problems, which would go a long way to undermine Ghana's national sovereignty. He hinted that the draft agreement of the Atuabo port project further undermines their national constitution because "There are provisions in the draft agreement which states that the government of Ghana should ensure that no relevant authority shall exercise discretion granted to it under the constitution of Ghana and applicable laws which would discriminate against the Atuabo port project.

Fangalow said there were places still with no road and people have to walk infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

Source: Ghana Chronicle 8

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Continental Cement importation crippling Tanzanian local ﬁrms enough for the local cement industry as whole and TPCC as the market leader.

anzanian cement situation is groaning under the weight of heavy and unfair competition between local producers and importers who are bringing in imported but cheap cement as well as cement smuggled into the country due to increasing demand and the boom in the construction industry.

It says in its audited report for 2013 issued by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Jean ‐ Marc Junon, that it suﬀered a 10 per cent reduction in cement sales volumes due to strong market pressure and production limitations resulting from an accidental ﬁre on the main transformer.

Pressure on prices together with the reduction of volumes, had a negative impact of 14 per cent in its accumulated turnover which reduced operating profits by 46 per O f r e c e n t , i n v e s t m e n t s i n cent. infrastructure construction have been soaring. This has led to high Tanga Cement also struggled in 2013. demand of the commodity and Its sales volumes, as well as the making cement production big selling prices achieved, were lower business in Tanzania. However, this than expected and both sales has not been without serious volumes and total sales revenue consequence on local producers who were lower than those achieved over have cried out that the cement the same period in 2012. market is flooded with 'cheap The Chairperson of the Board of imports' that have adversely affected Directors, Mr Lawrence Masha, says their business prospects. in a report that the company's According to the two highest cement o p e r a t i n g p r o fi t f o r t h e y e a r producers in the country, they have decreased by 5.1 per cent whilst net been producing in an atmosphere of profit after tax decreased by 5.4 per unfair competition practices. The c e n t . H e s a y s t h a t 2 0 1 3 w a s two cement companies are Tanzania characterised by challenging trading Portland Cement Company Ltd conditions in the local market mainly (TPCC) which trades at the Dar es due to increased competition as a Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) as result of growing cement imports. Twiga and Tanga Cement Company "Although the economy of Tanzania Limited, trading at DSE as Simba. The continued to expand during the sales volume and total revenue of period under review and the macro‐ both companies were lower than the economic climate was generally expectation for the year 2013. favourable, the additional market The TPCC alleged that the cement demand created was captured by market was continuously disrupted importers rather than the local by the importation of large quantities cement manufacturers," he says in of cement, which was not good the audited report for 2013. infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

Ethiopia builds US$4b Electric Railway

thiopia has commenced a new electric railway project linking Addis Ababa with Djibouti signed by the government's project promoter Railways corps to replace the out of use metre gauge line linking. The electric railway construction which is a series of eight rail corridors totaling 4,744 kilometers will create a series of major trade routes to neighboring Kenya, South Sudan, Sudan and ﬁnally to Djibouti's port. The project which will cover 740 kilometers and link Addis Ababa to Djibouti's capital city; Djibouti is expected to be completed by 2015. The Addis‐Djibouti railway will enable Ethiopia easy access to the port of Djibouti providing both passenger and freight service transporting 3,500 tons of goods at a time. The General Manager China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation, Mr. Yuan Li, said the track‐laying marks an important construction stage of the Ethiopia‐ Djibouti railway. Mr Li said when completed, the Addis‐Djibouti electriﬁed railway will be a priority project within the GTP, is expected to reduce the travel time from Addis Ababa to Djibouti by half to less than ten hours with a designated speed of 120km/hour. The project generally seeks to boost Ethiopia's commercial exports and also symbolize a shift in Ethiopia`s international relations.

Tracks being laid at Dire Dawa APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Continental Chinese ﬁrm lands Zambian Roads Contract

he Zambian government has awarded a K126 million road contract to a Chinese ﬁrm, Jiangsu International Economic Technical Corporation to tar 30 kilometers of selected roads in Choma.

In addition to tarring of the roads in Choma, the Government was building a state‐of‐the‐art building to house the provincial administration at a cost of K31 million with more than 80 houses for civil servants. The Director of Engineering at the Choma Municipal Council (CMC), Michael Kabungo said the local authority identified 25 township roads to be upgraded to bituminous standard. Among the selected roads to be tarred by the Chinese firm are: Makalanguzu, Masuku and Third streets. According to Mr. Kabungo, "The contract has already been awarded, we are just waiting for the consultant Gladstone Engineering to finish designing the roads so that the contractor can start the work," he said. Mr Kabungo said Gladstone Engineering was already on the site collecting valuable information pertaining to the design of the earmarked roads to be upgraded. He said the upgrading of the road infrastructure in Choma was under the recently launched Pave Zambia 2000 project by President Sata. Mr Kabungo was confident that the consultant would complete the designing process in the next one month. He said, once the design process was completed, the contractor would move to site to commence the works whose completion period was 12 months. District Commissioner Bernadette Hamweemba was confident that more youth in Choma would be employed during construction of the roads. President Michael Sata declared Choma as provincial capital of Southern Province in 2012 from Livingstone and the town was now receiving massive developmental projects

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

ADB grants US$1 bn loan to Angola for energy The Angolan Government has received US$1 billion loan from the African Development Bank (ADB) to enable her improve the Energy Sector. This followed the approval by the Board of Directors of the ADB in Tunis to grant the loan to support that government's efforts in the reformation of the country's power sector. The Angola's Support Programme for the Reform of the Angolan Energy Sector programme has three functions including restructuring the energy sector and improving its regulatory environment, promoting private investment in the energy sector, and increasing the transparency and efficiency of public financial management. It also aims to promote inclusive economic growth by improving operational efficiency and reducing costs in the sector, as well as consolidate reforms in public finance management. With this support, it is expected that there would be greater operational efficiency, competitiveness and sustainability of the country's electricity sector and strengthened transparency and efficiency of public finances. The ADB Resident Representative in Angola, Septime Martin, stated that the current Action Plan for the Hydro and Energy Efficiency in Angola needs US$23bn for the period between 2013 and 2017.

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Continental Ethiopia woos international companies to realize housing projects

lans are on by the Addis Ababa Saving Houses Development Enterprise (AASHDE) to bring international companies into its 40/60 housing scheme to enable her deliver the long awaited houses in a relatively short time. According to the General Manager of the Enterprise, Kinde Bizuneh, the 164,779 one, two and three bedroom housing units which are planned to be built for customers who are currently saving their required amount every month, are expected to be given to international companies with greater capacities in the near future. The Enterprise, in existence since July 2012, was established with the aim of building and distributing houses to the middle class segment of the city dwellers, who can aﬀord to save 40 per cent of the cost of the houses, while the rest will be facilitated by a bank loan from the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) ‐ hence the name of the project. This program, which is being followed with much anticipation from the participants of the scheme, is not going as planned. Only 6,418 houses are under construction to date, with

the highest completion rate being 58 per cent since the Enterprise started construction in the last ﬁscal year. The last of the customers of the program will get their houses after a quarter of a century if construction continues at the same rate, according to the nine‐ month report of the Enterprise.

The enterprise has spent upwards of 1.25 billion Br over the last nine months for projects and the purchase of inputs, according to the report. It was able to create market linkages for 96 small and micro enterprises that are engaged in producing and installing

The AASHDE has created job opportunities for 2,360 citizens over the last nine‐months, according to the report, but is hindered by a lack of necessary infrastructure provisions, like roads, water and power to the sites, and problems with land and other input supplies. This is in addition to the limited capacity of the contractors involved in the projects. Despite the fact that most of the contractors undertaking the construction of the G+12 buildings in the project ‐ which are located in different sites around the city, mainly in Sengatera in Kirkos District and Crown in Akaki Kaliti District ‐ are level one contractors, they are not allocating the necessary human and machinery inputs to finalise the buildings on time, stated Kinde, in the press conference that was held at his office on Queen Elisabeth II road to elaborate the nine‐month performance of the Enterprise.

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

different inputs in the construction process. The construction of around 6,500 houses is expected to start before the end of the year and another 15,000 in the next fiscal year, while the Enterprise plans to finalise the structural works of the 6,418 houses under construction before the rainy season comes, according to the general manager. One, two and three bedroom houses under the scheme cost 162,000 Br, 250,000 Br and 386,000 Br whereas the monthly savings for these houses is 1,033 Br, 1,575 Br and 2,453 Br for five years, respectively. To date, close to 2.5 billion Br has been collected from deposits by intending buyers of the housing scheme, according to Kindle.

12 APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

International

Obama calls for New Transportation Funding

he American President, Barak Obama has called on the country's congress to approve new funding for new highway projects as a means of avoiding halting such projects. He made the call at the backdrop of the possibility of the nation's Highway Trust Fund expected to dip into the red as early as August, The president has also added more projects to a priority list for expedited federal agency reviews. President Obama made the call in Tarrytown, N.Y., where initial work has commenced on a $5‐billion replacement for the 59‐year‐old Tappan Zee Bridge across the Hudson River. Obama said if Congress did not approve new transportation funding by the end of the summer, the impact on new projects would be severe. “ T here will be no money, the cupboard will be bare,” he declared. The trust fund's highway account is projected to start running a deﬁcit this summer. Unless Congress adds new revenue to the fund, Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx has said his department would have to delay reimbursements to states for their highway‐project obligations. Moreover, the current highway‐ transit authorization, the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP‐21), expires Sept. 30. If a successor bill, even a stopgap, isn't in place by then, federal aid would be cut oﬀ, halting new road and bridge projects. There has been some progress on

Capitol Hill. The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee on May 15 unanimously cleared the highway portion of a hoped‐for six‐year surface transportation package. It would increase highway obligations by a modest two per cent per annum over the current level. In his speech, Obama also announced that the administration is taking action to get projects now on the drawing boards under construction more rapidly, adding 11 jobs to its on‐ line list of transportation and other projects designated for faster federal permitting. The Tappan Zee's replacement had been placed on the dashboard earlier. With the existing span and the river in the background, Obama told a crowd estimated at 250 that federal agencies moved to “fast‐track” the project's review.

Of the 11 new dashboard projects, seven are surface‐transportation jobs, including the 7.6‐mi Federal Way light‐rail extension in King County, Wash. Its cost is estimated at $1.3 billion to $1.8 billion. Looking ahead, the White House said in a background memo, “The administration's goal is for all major infrastructure projects to be included on the Dashboard to institutionalize and broaden the reach of this tool.” Besides the 11 new projects, the dashboard lists 20 projects under active review and 32 whose reviews have been completed. In a related action, the administration is setting up an interagency center charged with helping to coordinate improving infrastructure permitting. Federal actions to speed up project reviews date back at least as far as 1998, with “streamlining” provisions contained in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century. The focus has intensiﬁed in recent years, including language in aimed at getting highway and transit projects approved more quickly.

He said that such projects typically would take three to five years to get a permit but added, “We did it in a year and a half." One reason for the accelerated schedule was that agencies did their reviews c o n c u r r e n t l y , r a t h e r t h a n White House Transcript Speeches sequentially”. Industry officials and congressional lawmakers have said that having a series of agencies study and sign off, one after another, on projects can delay their construction starts and increase costs.

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

International

Russian, Chinese cities sign urban infrastructure development pact

he Russian capital Moscow has signed a pact with Chinese cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong on how to promote signiﬁcant urban and infrastructure development opportunities created by the “New Moscow” project. The agreement which aims at strengthening bi‐lateral ﬁnancial cooperations between Moscow and the Chinese cities is between JSC “Mosinzhproekt”, China Railway Construction Corporation and China International Fund, and marks the start of Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin's three day visit to Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. The Agreement, which was signed on behalf of JSC “Mosinzhproekt” by Deputy Mayor Marat Khusnullin, who is also Head of Urban Development and Construction, outlines construction plans for a major underground transportation network initiative – the new South‐West metro line, which is a key part of the "New Moscow" urban development project. “New Moscow”, which is an ambitious construction and infrastructure project that aims to double the size of

the city, has already received US$4 billion worth of investment since its approval in 2012 and is expected to attract over US$200 billion by 2035. The Mayor was in the delegation of Russian President Mr. Vladimir Putin to Shanghai recently to participate in high‐level meetings with their counterparts in China. The delegation met with senior politicians, business leaders, top management of major corporations, and also strategic investors from China and Hong Kong. The aim was to foster ties and expand long‐term collaboration between Russia and China. This comes at a time when Russia is drawing larger amounts of foreign investment from around the world, and Moscow is becoming one of the country's key recipients. The Mayor of Moscow, Sergei Sobyanin said, “Moscow is one of the largest megapolises in the world with enormous growth potential. The “New Moscow” project involves development of a large territory: the establishment of new centres of economic growth, the redevelopment of road network and modernization of transport infrastructure as well as

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

creation of new parks and recreational spaces. The project will not only improve the city's efficiency and environment, stimulate employment with all modern social infrastructure in place, but also create attractive opportunities for foreign investments and will strengthen economic cooperation between our countries.” He adds, “The new South‐West metro line will engage global expertise and create a significant number of additional jobs within the Moscow area. This exciting initiative is a significant step forward for the city and a core part of the New Moscow project.” “New Moscow” is a territory with a total area of 148,000 hectares, located in the south‐west of the capital. It was attached during the territorial expansion of the city in 2012 under the title “Greater Moscow”. This urban project is comparable to “Greater Paris”, a project that is essentially the accession to the capital of surrounding suburbs, and formation of a single agglomeration. The attachment of new suburbs requires an ambitious redevelopment of the existing transport infrastructure. One of the core redevelopment projects is the construction of a new underground Metro line in the southwest of the capital. The new line will extend from the station of the Third Interchange Circuit “Ulitsa Novatorov” to “Stolbovo”. The estimated length of the line will be 14.9 km and it will accommodate six stations.

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Power Lagos taps economic gains from power generation, distribution immediately created an electricity

ware of the fact that steady gains and economic growth cannot be achieved without reliable electricity supply, Lagos State Governor in the last couple of years has decided to give priority attention to this important element needed for healthy and productive life. As the nation's economic nerve center the state government felt there is need to have constant electricity supply in the state for majority of private and public businesses to survive. The reality is that the state is home to about 2,000 industrial complexes, 10,000 commercial ventures and 22 industrial estates. At present it accounts for over 60 per cent of Nigeria's industrial and commercial activities; 70 per cent of national maritime cargo freight, over 80 per cent of international aviation traﬃc and over 50 per cent of Nigeria's energy consumption. Thus, with the granting of franchise by the Federal Government to build Independent Power Plants and distribute electricity, Lagos State Government doubled its eﬀorts to blaze the trail in electricity generation in the country and distribution.

department to meet the state's growing power need , which would impact the people and their environment. To achieve steady power supply the state government initially conceived three power projects at Ikorodu, Akute and Lagos Island. It later pursued and delivered the Alausa IPP, while the Lekki, Ikeja GRA, Matori and Imota Industrial Schemes are in the oﬃng. Speaking on Lagos power projects billed to generate 150MW of electricity, the Lagos state Governor Mr. Babatunde Fashola said the need to get steady supply of electricity for the state along with other enablers the scale of economic activities in the state cannot be matched by any other state in country. He reiterated that Power is required for industries, for agriculture, for transportation and for housing while the Private Sector requires funding, tax and safety of its assets in order to function optimally. Fashola said, “We have just commissioned the 10mw Alausa Power Plant which I promised in my budget speech last year. In the aftermath, we have de‐commissioned

Lovett Okonoboh reports

over 120 generators and our Secretariat is now on its own dedicated electricity power, run on clean gas fuel. It is the ﬁrst Government secretariat that I know of in our country that has its own dedicated IPP. “We have also extended street lighting earlier in the year to Ikorodu Road from Jibowu to Anthony, as we have done across Lagos including 12 streets in Alimosho, and on Carter Bridge to mention a few. “In total we have now provided about 70 kilometres of street lighting across Lagos, to improve safety and stimulate our night economy. “Pole by pole, IPP by IPP with Lekki and Ikeja GRA IPPs to come next year, we are committed to lighting up Lagos”. He emphasized that consumers of electricity must be ready to pay their legitimate bills adding, “We must stand up as a people against illegal connections; we must see every illegal connection as a threat to our own legal use of power. And therefore we must not wait for government, we must not wait for the private owners, there must be a community action against this kind of connection”.

Before the government embarked on the building of Independent Power Plants ( I P P ) a large number of government owned corporations, agencies and parastatals relied daily on pricey diesel generators for a regular electricity supply. As a state that has the vision to be Africa's model mega city and a global Economic hub that is safe, secure, functional and productive the state

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Power Harping on the initiatives taken by the state government to accelerate the delivery of power to the state, the General Manager, Lagos State Electricity Board (LSEB), Mrs. Damilola Ogunbiyi said work was ongoing to set up a one‐stop shop to fast‐track the handling of all issues relating to right of way and power infrastructure development in the state. She added that apart from the three functional power plants in Akute, Lagos Island and Alausa, work was ongoing on two other plants even as she beckoned on the private sector for increased partnership with government to solve the power challenge in the country. As far as the State Commissioner for Energy and Mineral resources, Engr. Taoﬁq Ajibade Tijani is concerned the state government would religiously follow its road map on power generation and distribution to revamp its economy. Tijani said the ministry had also embarked on energy audit programme with the goal of creating a comprehensive database of energy/power consumption within the state, adding that the objectives of the audit program were: to educate and create awareness regarding energy usage, consumption patterns and conservation opportunities, to document existing conditions for planning purposes while giving information on health and safety issues with regards to pollution and carbon emissions from self generation, to capturing data on the amount and condition of public lighting on Lagos State streets. The Commissioner added that the ministry had so far audited the energy in use at Somolu Printing community, Matori Industrial estate, Ilupeju

Industrial estate, Ikorodu Industrial estate, Lagos Island (Broad Street & Marina), Ikeja G R A, Oba Akran, Agidingbi, Omole I & II, Dolphin Estate, Iporin, Gbagada, Lekki, Magodo I & II. He said the State Government was planning to replicate the establishment of captive power plant projects across the State to meet the ever growing demand for energy by Lagosians. He described Federal government's decision to allow the state to build its Independent Power plants and distribute electricity to meet consumption needs of its residents as a step in the right direction. Tijani who added that the decision would go a long way to encourage the state governments to invest in the sector and solve problem of lack of electricity supply in the country said the Lagos State Government had before now rolled out its master plan and strategies to meet energy need of the State. He explained that the creation of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources was borne out of the desire of the Government to meet this responsibility. The commissioner stated that the Ministry had been further emboldened by the new policy to ensure that it develop renewable energy sources to ensure that people living in the state enjoy aﬀordable and reliable energy supply. He said further that the Government realized the need to contribute its quota to the global energy, explaining that the Ministry was created to develop policies and necessary regulations for the critical energy sectors in areas of Power, Oil, Gas and Minerals Resources for the economic development of the State.

“These policies and regulations will be geared towards creating the enabling environment for companies and all stakeholders involved in Energy and Mineral Resources activities. “We will endeavor to create energy suﬃciency and security such that the cost of doing business in our state will be relatively cheaper than any State in this country,” the Commissioner said. Without any fear of equivocation, the Federal government has release its grip on the distribution of electricity in the country. Infrastructure Quarterly checks on the power projects at the state's Electricity Board, showed that the state has generated 12.5MW at the Akute Power Plant, which currently supplies electricity to the Lagos Water Corporation; while 10MW was generated at the Island Power Plant, which is also operational, supplying electricity to the General Hospital, Lagos Island, Island Maternity Hospital, the courts on Igbosere Road, as well as other public facilities, and powers street lights on the Island. Available facts also revealed that the Alausa Power Project generating 11.6MW is operational, while the Matori Power Project would generate 30M W and the Shomolu Power Project is to deliver 10MW. The Island Power Plant is also undergoing expansion to about 100MW. To realize its objective of realizing full potential of its economy, Lagos power audit showed it requires 10,000MW. Like the top 20 countries of the world like China, which is currently the world's largest producer of power, South Africa and Mexico among others it must strive hard to generate power in excess of its demand.

18 infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Power Gas plants shutdown aﬀects power supply

ower supply to some parts of Nigeria will definitely drop if not cut off entirely for a greater part of three weeks within the month of June. This followed an announcement by the Federal Government in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The Minister of Power, Professor Chinedu Nebo who dropped the hint said this followed a planned shutdown of two major gas plants at Utorogu and Ughelli East in Delta State for routine maintenance. Giving reasons for the shutdown, Professor Nebo, explained that the action was in line with efforts to consolidate on successes recently recorded in improved electricity supply to homes and businesses in many parts of the country. He noted that the government is satisfied with the progress of the power sector reform, and commended Nigerians for understanding and supporting government policy for the sector. The Otorogu and Ughelli gas plants which will be shut for 20 days supply gas to several power plants including Egbin and Omotosho. It is therefore, expected that states that receive their power supply through these power plants would be affected while the gas plants maintenance lasts. In a statement released in Abuja, the Minister's Senior Special Assistant, Professor Chidiebere Onyia said the

maintenance work when completed would increase the gas production capacity of both plants. Government's projection on power generation this year has been put at 9,000mw but the actual output has been a far cry from the expectation as it has hovered around 3500 megawatts. According to the statement the expected date of completion is June 22. And on completion of the maintenance and upgrades, the facilities will be re‐commissioned which will lead to improved gas production and ensure quality output from the lines to the power plants. The Minister regretted the inconvenience the maintenance works being carried out by the Nigerian Petroleum Development Corporation (NPDC), and requested for understanding and support by Nigerians in the task of revamping the sector. Though the plants will be shut there is plan to make it on diﬀerent dates to minimize the inconvenience. “The plants to be shut for short periods of time, on diﬀerent dates, will, inevitably result in temporary loss of generated power. This is regretted, but I assure you all that it will not last longer than the short period needed for the maintenance and re‐ commissioning work, and our experts will be at work to ensure that available power is distributed in a manner to minimize inconvenience to consumers,”. He said.

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

Power Sector to gulp Lion share of World Bank loan

he Nigerian power sector might gulp the most portion of the US$8 billion World Bank loan to the country. The World Bank just approved a Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for Nigeria. The CPS loan come in four tranches of US$2 billion per annum and would run for four years from 2014 to 2017. Infrastructure Quarterly gathered that much of the new financing program would be channeled to increasing the nation's installed power generation and transmission capacity and how to assist in improving the efficiency and governance of electricity delivery in the country. With the CPS announced by the World Bank recently in Washington DC, United States, the facility will bring a change in the country's borrowing status. It will also increase the World Bank's development assistance to Nigeria in job creation, social service delivery and governance through the International Development Association (IDA) and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( I B R D ) financing window. The CPS facility is structured around three areas including promoting diversified growth and job creation by reforming the power sector, increasing access to finance; enhancing agricultural productivity, improving the quality and efficiency of social service delivery at the state level to promote social inclusion; and strengthening governance and public sector management with gender equity and conflict sensitivity as essential elements of governance. APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Power

FG in $300m risk guarantee to protect power investors

igerian Government has set aside US$300 million as one of the series of the series of incentives it has lined up to strengthen investors' confidence and guarantee return on investment in the power sector. This was made known recently by the Minister of State for Power, Mohammed Wakil in far away Miami Florid, United States of America in a Power Africa event organized by the United States Department of Commerce. Wakil disclosed that Nigeria had provided a $300 million partial risk guarantee which is domiciled with the Central Bank of Nigeria and the World Bank as a major push to protect investors. It would be recalled that major reforms have been on‐going in the power sector culminating in handing over the Power distribution and generation to private sector Distribution Companies. The Minister, who attended the event at the invitation of the United States Government, also told the gathering of leaders of firms and conglomerates in the power sector that there is a tax holiday and waivers for power equipment importation for the generation, transmission and distribution sub‐sectors in the electricity value‐chain. In a statement issued by his Special Assistant (Media), Olawale Rasheed, the Minister assured investors that return on their investments is guaranteed, announcing that very attractive tariff regimes have been put in place for investors in the Renewable Energy Sector to further underscore government's resolve to encourage investment for enhanced national energy security.

“The Government of Nigeria has achieved what industry experts described as one of the most holistic, ambitious and transparent privatizations of power assets in recent times. The distribution and generation assets have all been successfully handed over to the private sector since November 2013,” the Minister told the gathering. On the 'Power Africa' initiative sponsored by the Government of the United States of America, the Minister announced that the Government of Nigeria is poised to take advantage of the initiative as a strategic opportunity for securing the much‐needed investment in the power sector. He further disclosed that at its implementation level, a Power Africa desk has since been established by the Federal Ministry of Power to serve as a one‐stop shop for stakeholders in the industry. This, he said will help to put the initiative on track as Nigeria stands to enjoy the full beneﬁts therein. The Minister added that the Power

Africa Desk would attract investments to the Nigerian power sector based on the funding and technical assistance provided by the Government of the United States. The US Department of Commerce also in a press statement announced that at the Summit, prominent government and business leaders, including Nigeria's Minister, CEOs of Africa's major power companies and representatives from the U.S Export‐Import Bank and USAID joined to share the opportunities for unfettered access to the energy sector in African markets. The department announced further that in the coming month, the U.S Secretary of Commerce, Penny Pritzker will embark on a trade mission to Ghana, Nigeria and Ethiopia to promote U.S exports to Africa towards helping to U.S companies to launch or increase their businesses in the energy sector across West Africa.

20 infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Cover

The raging war on cement standardization

ement, a bonding ingredient in building construction has become a recurrent decimal in the Nigerian building and construction industry for a long time now. The problem is hydra‐headed and like the octopus, has many parts that manifest one after another problem has been solved. In the early 1970s, it was the 'cement Amanda saga'. This was a time when Nigeria had enough money to throw about and cement importation shot up that even sand was imported into the country in the name of cement. Much later the problem shifted to inability to meet local consumption need of the people which has risen so much that the few manufacturing industries were no longer able to cope with the demand. The resultant eﬀect was high price regime. Also, the companies that imported were issued with licenses with a condition to build their own manufacturing industries. This was not however, without a moratorium. With only a few taking the advantage of period of grace and the gains of backward integration at their disposal Nigeria seemed to have won the long existing war on scarcity of the material as one of the companies that was a major importer Dangote Cement has become a major producer of cement in the country today.

Report by Mary Chikezie, Dachi Maduako

Cement Company, Sokoto, Benue Cement Company, Gboko; Dangote Cement Obajana, Kogi; U N I C E M Calabar; and DURECHEM, Ogun State. From all these plants the country's total cement production capacity now stands at 22.5 million metric tonnes (mmt) per annum while the country's cement consumption is 18.5mmt. Of this output, Dangote group accounts for 15 million mmt per annum (Ibese‐ 6mmt, Benue Cement‐ 4mmt; Obajana‐ 5mmt) while Lafarge Wapco Cement Plc group is contributing 7.5mmt (Ewekoro l‐ (1.2mmt; Shagamu Cement Plant‐ 800,000metric tonnes and Ewekoro ll‐ 2.5mmt). Unicem produces 2.5mmt while Ava cement produces 500,000 metric tones. Apart from these, other six companies were granted import licenses to complement existing ones. They include Minaj Holdings Limited, Enugu, Madewell products, Sapele, BUA International Limited, Kano; NICA Limited, Maiduguri; Reagan Renaissance Limited, Calabar and MAAN Labadi, Lagos. With the local production already hitting above the consumption level, key operators in the industry were

Cement Plant

quoted as assuring that Nigeria is now self suﬃcient in cement. However, the new campaign to standardise the manufacturing and importation of cement as raised by the Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) has generated a feud between the two leading cement manufacturers, Dangote Cement and the Larfarge group while experts and stakeholders in the building and construction industry are aligning themselves along the divide. Most of the stakeholders however are tilting towards the call for the authorities to make the higher 42.5 grade of cement the standard product in Nigeria. It is understandable while the pendulum tilts the way it does because of the recurring building collapse in Nigeria. For instance over 130 buildings collapsed in Lagos State alone between 2007 and 2013, according to a report by a tribunal of

There are several other cement manufacturing companies in the country that have become key players in the cement production as well as distribution and the arising problems especially the recent policy issues leading to war in the industry. The cement ﬁrms in the country as at date include Dangote Cement Ibeshe, Ogun State, West African Portland Cement (WA P C O) now Larfarge Nigeria, Ashaka Cement, Northern Nigeria infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Cover

The raging war on cement standardization (contd.) inquiry set up by Governor Babatunde Fashola on May 20, 2013. The problem is not peculiar to Lagos. Major cities across the country such as Abuja, Port Harcourt, Enugu, and Warri, among others, have had a fair share of building collapse, and in most of the cases, experts identify poor quality and lower strength cement as one of the causes. The incidents, as usual, have always drawn the err of not a few Nigerians and stakeholders most of who are renewing their agitation for stricter enforcement and complete overhaul of the nation's building and construction regulations. Specifically, they are insisting that relevant authorities immediately initiate moves to adopt the higher 42.5 grade of cement as the standard product in Nigeria as against the lower grade 32.5, which persists in the market. Leading the renewed campaign for standardization is a coalition of civil society groups and professional bodies in the construction industry. The coalition is threatening to lead protests against manufacturers and importers of 32.5 grade cement. The coalition even threatened to take its campaign to the National Assembly where it hopes to demand that lawmakers probe manufacturers and importers of cement some of who they allege, compromise standards in the building and construction sub‐sector. Recently, the coalition had taken their case to higher level when they took their campaign to enforce standard in cement through a petition to the Federal Government and threatened to lead a march against cement manufacturers over their possible complicity in the incidents of collapsed building that had become rampant in the country. The coalition specifically identified poor quality and lower strength cement as one of the

causes of failed structures in the country and insisted that government must force manufacturers of cement to produce and distribute only the highest quality of the product as a step towards stemming the rising tide of building collapse. In the petition, the coalition noted that nearly all the cement manufacturers and importers in the country were taking advantage of the lax regulation and lack of enforcement to vary their

Alh. Aliko Dangote (Dangote Group)

pigmentation in favour of the lower grade cement (32.5), which in most cases, is used in building works, and believed to be partly responsible for building collapse. The group therefore, called on the Consumer Protection Council (C P C) and Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) to ensure that strict standards are maintained and oﬀenders punished. The coalition did not stop there. They also made a case for urgent enforcement of the National Building Code, arguing that this could go a long way in addressing the lax control by regulatory authorities. The civil society groups also disclosed that they were reaching out to the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) to lend its voice to the unwholesome

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

practice of cement manufacturers which, according to them, is endangering the lives of Nigerians. They vowed to confront the Cement Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (CMAN) for poor standard of locally produced and imported cement, claiming in their working document that most advanced countries are migrating from the lower 32.5 grade of cement to the higher level 42.5 specification and even 52.5 with a uniform standard set by government, manufacturers and importers. For instance, 92 per cent of Portland cement produced in the United States (U.S), are in 52.5 and 42.5 grades, while other imported cement from China, Japan, Denmark and Paris are all 42.5 Grade. “Over 90 per cent of consumers are not aware of the different types of cement available in Nigeria. Their expectations in respect to the performance of cement are the same regardless of the type. The grade (quality) of concrete to be used may allow 32. 5 grade cement for certain construction work such as pavements, rendering (plastering) and culverts, but would demand 42.5 grade of cement for structures, columns, bridges and multi storey buildings,” an experts said. The experts who preferred anonymity, explained that there are about three types of cement in the Nigerian market, namely, CEM 1 42.5 R, CEM 1 42.5 N, and CEM 32.5 R. However, there are variants of these types of cement with different specifications. CEM I 42.5 R and CEM I 42.5 N cements are produced with clinker and limestone in the ration of 95 per cent and five per cent, respectively. The gypsum that is added during the grounding process is for adjustment of the setting APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Cover

The raging war on cement standardization (contd.) period, which is usually obtained at the end of 28 days. Among other applications, this cement is used when good strength concrete is required, especially in concrete productions requiring high strength, or early strength. Also, it is used in the production of thin section reinforced concrete and in highly reinforced concrete buildings, among other uses. CEM II 32.5 is suitable for ﬂooring and wall plastering (rendering). The Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) stipulated the 42.5 grade as the acceptable grade for importers of cement into the country. This stipulation had been made before the country attained self suﬃciency in cement production. However, while the Standards enforcement and regulatory agency insisted on 42.5 grade as the standard for import, it allowed a lower grade for local production. “How come that during the import era, we were all compelled by the regulatory authorities to bring in 42.5 grades and now since 2012 when import was banned, the same regulatory authorities condoned the production of 32.5 grades?” the Group Managing Director (GMD) of Dangote Cement Plc, Devakumar Edwin, asked. However, with these seeming crisis like agitations rising in the sub sector the Standards Organisation (SON) rose in stout defense of its regulatory role in the cement sector. First, the organization insists that the quality of cement is not responsible for the spate of building collapse in the country. According to the Director General of SON, Dr. Joseph Odumodu, the quality of cement produced in the country is up to international standards. He noted that unethical practices among builders are the major reasons for the incidence of collapsed building. Odumodu insists, “The quality of

cement is not responsible for building collapse. Our ﬁndings show that this often comes from concrete mixing. A bag of cement is meant to produce 30 blocks, but some people often use it to mould 50 blocks.” He stoutly defended his agency saying that as a responsible organisation, SON is committed to ensuring that the consumers get the best of quality whether in the construction industry or elsewhere, which was why the organisation constituted a technical committee of experts to generally review the problems faced by stakeholders in the construction industry especially in terms of quality of building materials including cement. The committee, which was made up of well‐informed individuals was charged to take a holistic look on the quality of building materials in the country inclusive of cement saying that as a responsible standards bureau, SON has never and will never leave the quality of any product to the whims and caprices of any individual or group of operators. Members of the committee were comprised of technical people from professional bodies, the academia, civil society organisations, trade unions, cement manufacturing companies and journalists, among others. The National Association of Block Moulders, Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC), the Nigeria Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI) and the Nigeria Society of Engineers (NSE), among others. The SON Director General explained that the inauguration of the technical committee became necessary because of the technical nature of the issues in contention, which needed to be addressed by experts and stakeholders from various

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

Joseph Hudson (MD, Lafarge Wapco)

segments of the construction industry and the society. The committee commenced work and reviewed cement standardisation in the country. The ultimate objective of the committee is to ensure that only cement that guarantees safety of buildings and human lives is produced and sold in Nigeria. To further emphasis the need for the committee, Dr. Odumobu had told the members, "We have seen a lot of building collapse in the country and we know that most of these have caused avoidable deaths and we cannot allow it to continue. So in this meeting, we expect to get expert technical insights on the way forward in standardisation of cement. The media has been awash with varied information about diﬀerent classes of cement and so to bring succor to Nigerians, we have brought together a critical mass of knowledgeable experts to provide direction on the issue. Many questions have been asked by Nigerians that need answers. To be sure, there is no substandard cement produced in Nigeria because we have cement APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Cover

The raging war on cement standardization (contd.) standards well elaborated in the country. But there are issues that must be addressed. For example, SON has established that people in the country, who go to the market to purchase cement for one construction activity or the other, do not actually know what they buy from the market. We just provide a secretariat and it is what the committee arrives at that would be taken to the council of SON and once it is approved, it becomes a standard. Let me also state that a standard is not enforceable except the M i n i s t e r o f I n d u s t r y , Tr a d e a n d Investment designates it as a mandatory standard,” he explained. The New Policy But as it stands, recent announcements of Standard Organisation of Nigeria's notifying cement manufacturers in the country of SON's planned implementation of the new Mandatory Industrial Standard Order for cement manufacturing, distribution and usage now maps out new measures on application of 32.5 cement grade to plastering only and 42.5 grade for general purpose is a clear indication that the committee has ﬁnished its a s s i g n m e n t a n d m a d e recommendations that were accepted and ratiﬁed by the Minister.

projects like bridges, flyovers, and high rise buildings. The new policy which expectedly should have triggered celebration since it was looked upon as a means of solving a societal problem by restricting certain categories of cement to specific uses, has now turned to an implement setting cement manufacturers on the war path. It has now become a subject of controversy and litigation amongst cement manufacturers. While Dangote Cement Plc endorses the new classification, insisting that adopting the higher 42.5 grade cement as the standard product in Nigeria is one sure way to rein in the menace of structure collapse, other cement manufacturers are set to fight the policy to a standstill. Responding to the new policy, Dangote Cement Plc, said it endorsed it as a mark of patriotism and need to halt the rising incidence of structure collapse, adding that it had already gone a step further by producing the product to the specifications. It would be recalled that the company already produces the 42.5 grade. Dangote Cement, insisted at a recent briefing that review and the classification were over delayed. The

The new policy classiﬁed cement into three grades of 32.5, 42.5 and 52.5. and restricts the use of the 32.5 grade cement to plastering of structures only while 4 2 . 5 g r a d e i s recommended for the construction of buildings, beams, load bearing columns, pillars, block moulding and other structures. The 52.5 grade cement is recommended for the construction of bigger

Mr. Ekanem Etim a Director in the company said, “It is only economic saboteurs and proﬁteers that would kick against the new standard for cement production as other countries of the world have moved up beyond the level and the low grade cement being canvassed by some of the manufacturers opposed to the new standard. If any manufacturer wants to continue to produce 32.5 grade or even below and canvassing it as being for multi‐purpose use, that is their problem with the authorities. As for Dangote, we have already complied even before the authorities came out to set the new standard. We are committed to the S O N standard, which is in line with global best practices and we call on SON to begin enforcement immediately. We hold the lives of the people so dear, the more we delay, the more we endanger the lives of the people,” he pointed out. Mr. Etim said the company was insisting on the 42.5 cement grade purely for altruistic reasons. Hear him: “We can't open our eyes as indigenous company to allow economic saboteurs to put the lives of our people at risk.”

Olusegun Aganga (Minister of Industry) infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

company pointed out the havoc building collapse has brought about including loss of lives and property that trailed the country following the rising cases. It therefore asked SON to enforce the implementation of the new standard

Justifying the position of the company, he said that the Technical Committee set up by SON, in the wake of APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Cover

The raging war on cement standardization (contd.)

Joseph Odumodu

wide spread protest against the collapse of structures across the country was made up of all stakeholders in the building and construction industry and cement manufacturers. According to him, the committee fingered low quality of cement as a key factor and at the end of came up with a review of the standard and classified cement into three grades and stipulated their exclusive uses to guide against misapplication and adulteration. “A report on the reviewed standard was adopted and forwarded to the SON Governing Council, which looked at the reviewed standard and approved it before sending it to the Minister of Investment, Trade and Industry for final approval for implementation,” he said. The Director argued that several countries have phased out the 32.5 grade of cement and explained that his company only took time to set a minimum standard of 42.5. He assured that the company will go ahead and educate the people on the uses of the different grades of cement. Etim exonerated SON saying it had always set 42.5 as the minimum standard when the preponderance of cement consumption was being serviced with imports and all were importing 42.5 grade, with the little local production being 32.5 grade. “Now that production has been domesticated, what SON has only

done is to extend the 42.5 to cover local production and we wonder why any manufacturer would find it difficult to switch to 42.5,” he argued. But the other gladiator who had been in the business of cement production in Nigeria before the advent of Dangote Cement, Lafarge Cement Nigeria, argues that the law does not permit SON to enforce the 42.5 cement grade, saying that the 32.5 cement grade is ideal for general use in construction projects. The Product Development Manager of Lafarge, Engineer Yemi Yusuf wondered why all the noise about the 32.5 saying that all that the company does in construction is based on standard, pointing out that at 32.5, the strength of cement is suitable for any construction work. He emphasized that cement does not work in isolation, but with other aggregates, saying the 32.5 grade of cement works well with concrete with right mix. He pointed out that EN 206 (concrete standard) is the key standard when it comes to defining performance of concrete. He disclosed that it is the civil and structural engineers that can determine the strength of concrete in construction. 27

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

“Yes we want to change standards. But how do we do it because of the projects already going on? The debate should not be about 32.5 cement grade, but what the product does. The interlocking paving stones used in the entire Lekki Free Trade Zone were done with 32.5 cement grade. The issue of water in mixing materials is a major problem in construction. If you use 42.5 grade in place of 32.5 grade, there will be issues. 32.5 cement is the preferred cement for individual home building applications. The replacement of 32.5 by 42.5 in IHB applications may lead to buildings integrity risk”, Yusuf insists. But Mr. Lanre Opakunle, General Manager, Industrial Performance, Lafarge, who spoke to journalists after a media tour of Ewekoro plant of Lafarge Cement WAPCO in Ogun State recently said that Lafarge had already taken SON to court over the restriction of 32.5 grade and enforcement of 42.5 grade. He explained that his company's new mission is to build better cities through its innovative products and sustainable programmes. He recounted that Lafarge operates in 62 countries across the world, and at present manufactures both 32.5 and 42.5 cement grades in Nigeria. The General Manager pointed out that people now build lighter houses that are environmentally friendly with lighter building materials, adding that the 32.5 cement grade is more suitable for such lighter buildings that are environmentally friendly. He argued that the 32.5 cement grade is not the issue rather its application and mix ratio with other materials, stressing that cement does not work in isolation but with other materials. He stated that the 32.5 grade works very well with APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Cover

The raging war on cement standardization (contd.) concrete. He said, “If the mix is right, there will be no problem. It becomes an issue if the mix is wrong”. He added that 32.5 is the best in terms of heat of hydration, which is low, saying that it takes time to set and becomes stronger which explains why it is ideal for construction of bridges if the mix is right. Mrs. Temitope Oguntokun, Manager, Brands Sustainability, Lafarge Cement WAPCO said the company stated that the company is committed to providing affordable housing to Nigerians. “We have committed N1.3 billion to ensure that low income earners around the country have affordable housing. 650 people have already benefited from our affordable housing scheme. Plans are in the pipeline to ensure that 30,000 Nigerians eventually derive benefits from it. We are working to ensure that Nigerians get affordable housing. You know there is housing deficit in the country, so Lafarge is working to provide as much assistance as possible”, she said. According to her, Lafarge has provided innovative and environmentally friendly solutions to housing and infrastructure, pointing out that a major priority of the cement company is its involvement in affordable housing for Nigerians, as a means of addressing housing deficit in the country. In fact, the steps taken by SON is seen by some concerned professionals as a stitch in time that saves nine. The P r e s i d e n t , A s s o c i a t i o n o f To w n Planning Consultants of Nigeria, (ATOPCON) Moses Ogunleye, stated that “SON seemed to be overwhelmed; they are monitoring standard in several sectors and so, they may not be aware of the existence of poor quality cement in the market. Let us ask questions from SON.”

reason why anything sub‐standard should be in the Nigerian market in the ﬁrst instance, much less cement. He also said that the Lagos State Material Testing Laboratory set up to register and accredit all block moulders as part of the standardization drive has not yet registered anybody. Meanwhile, a cement importer who pleaded for anonymity, said there was no reason why local cement producers should be allowed to produce 32.5 grade when all over the world standard has moved to 42.5 grade. He argued that if cases of collapsed building must be checked, there is urgent need for all cement manufacturers to immediately expand their infrastructure to produce the higher 42.5 grade of cement. He said if government was serious about the backward integration policy in the cement sub‐ sector, it is necessary to ensure that the right thing is done from the onset, which is to encourage cement manufacturers to emphasise quality and standard. The 42.5 cement grade, according to construction experts, is stronger and has better qualities. Apart from possessing higher strength capability, the cement grade has a rapid setting quality, which makes it the preferred grade among block makers, builders and construction workers. With quick setting, blocks come out stronger, reducing the number of breakages. For now, Dangote Cement Plc manufactures 42.5 grade of cement in all its three plants located in Obajana, Kogi State; Ibese, Ogun State; and Gboko, Benue State. Findings ﬁnger poor concrete mixing

Mr. Ogunleye argued that there is no There is no compelling evidence yet

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

linking poor quality cement to the increasing menace of buildings collapse in Nigeria. However, the consensus of experts and stakeholders in the building and construction industry is that making the higher 42.5 grade of cement the standard product in Nigeria would, at least, narrow the search for the causes of buildings collapse to other factors. Buildings, like all structures, are designed to support certain loads without deforming excessively. The loads are the weights of people and objects, the weight of rain and the pressure of wind including the dead load of the building itself. With buildings of a few floors, strength generally accompanies sufficient rigidity, and the design is mainly that of a roof that will keep the weather out while spanning large open spaces. With tall buildings of many floors, the roof is a minor matter, and the support of the weight of the building itself is the main consideration. Like long bridges, tall buildings are subject to catastrophic collapse if the concrete work if not well taken care. Faulty construction, foundation failure and extraordinary loads have been linked to poor concrete mixing in construction by quacks and unskilled craftsmen who have invaded the sector with poor knowledge of the complexities of the building process. Bad design does not mean only errors of computation, but a failure to take into account the loads the structure will be called upon to carry, erroneous theories, reliance on inaccurate data, ignorance of the effects of repeated or impulsive stresses, and improper choice of materials or misunderstanding of

28 APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Cover

The raging war on cement standardization (contd.) their properties. Even an excellently designed and constructed structure will not stand on a bad foundation with poor concrete mix though the structure may carry its loads, the earth beneath it will definitely give way in no distant time. Just recently, a group ‐ Building Control Prevention Guild (BCPG) called the attention of government to its latest discovery on the brittleness of concrete debris recovered from various building collapse sites in the country which reveals the inherent danger in the sector. Mr.Kunle Awobodu who is the Chairman of BCPG said the importance of quality in the production of concrete and methodology should command utmost attention in the built environment sector by the government and the relevant professionals as compressive strength immanent in concrete maintains the stability of the structure we occupy. “The sensitivity of concrete mix necessitates the limitation of number of concrete producers or firms in some countries. Here in Nigeria, unfortunately, concreting seems to be all comers affair and even remains a preserve of the dregs of society as over 90 per cent of buildings in this nation were concreted by the ubiquitous concrete gangs, using winglet portable concrete mixers,” Awobodu said. According to him a careful observer at construction sites in Nigeria would discover palpable inconsistency in mix ratio of concrete, overt conflict between mix recommended in the structural design of the approved building plan and the mix obtainable at site. He said: “Rather than count the

number of aggregate (sand and gravel/granite) that is fed into the concrete mixer, the operator is left to judge the appropriate mix with his eyes, in an uncertain discretion”. He pointed out that under normal circumstances, a 50 kilogramme bag of cement would fill two standard head pans but regretted that studies monitored by his group revealed that many head pans used for measurement/batching have become deformed and with reduced volume due to long use, thereby distorting mix ratio. He underscored the need for enforcement of best practices in the sector, saying that frustration usually sets in for a builder or an engineer on site while supervising or managing concrete men that are difficult to control with overzealous ones overloading their head pans with sand to create inaccuracy in mix ratio. He further explained that with all these site challenges and the peculiarity of the Nigerian situation, it becomes obvious that the concrete might not meet the required and common strength standard of grade 15, 20 or 25 N/mm2 at 28 days. He therefore called for the phasing out of the concrete gang or the standardization of their operations as it's done in advanced countries where concrete firms with evidence of concrete mixing plant, trucks and pumps are registered to make for sanity in the sector. He listed efforts made by his organization to checkmate the issue of building collapse saying, “We have met with the leaders of concrete workers in Lagos State (Agege, Mushin, Ikorodu, Ajah, etc) and brainstormed with them on ways of improving concrete practice. There are strong indications and hope that buildings being constructed will be safe from concrete failure from

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

now”. The BCPG Chairman hinted that the fact that the country's government at various levels, in a collective amnesia, over the years does not recognise the importance of the concrete teams in the control of building practice calls for concern. He called for the discouragement of undertaking concrete work in the rain and at night to ossify quality control. He stressed that striking a balance between concrete strength and workability is important in the building industry. Also reacting to the situation which seems to have overwhelmed the whole building industry, the Managing Director Autoworks Nig. Ltd, Mr. Ade Ismail a civil engineering company decried a situation where unskilled people are involved in concrete works which otherwise is a highly technical job because of its grave implications in the building process. He said: “If you visit construction sites you will see men able men and women carrying concrete up and down a make shift stair. Nobody monitors their activities and the standards they employ meanwhile they are left to build tall buildings, storey buildings with no known quality standards at the mercy of their future tenants and the government watches and does nothing. He berated government at all levels for being reactive only when there is a collapse and lives lost by either ceiling the premises or prosecuting the culprits when it could have been avoided by ensuring standard practice in concrete mixing”.

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Issues Laying solid infrastructure foundation for economic and distribution pipelines, development

ecently, Nigeria celebrated her centenary, marking 100 years of existence as a united indivisible entity that resulted from the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates in 1914 by the colonial authorities led by Lord Luggard. In these 100 years, Nigeria has, unarguably, undergone much metamorphosis looking at the structural changes that have taken place so far, the population increase, growth in political stature and sophistication, improved economic well‐being through individual eﬀorts among others. In spite of this, the country is not yet where it is supposed to be with its peers in terms of economic growth and development and the reason could easily be located in the poor and/or faulty foundation that it has laid for infrastructure provision that would have catalysed development. Though the issue of colonial exploitation in Nigeria remains a major socio‐political discourse, Nigerians should not forget in a hurry the positive aspects of the development of infrastructure and urbanization made possible by the colonial masters. The colonial infrastructure and emergent urban centres were, and have continued to be, the centre of socio‐economic development of Nigeria today and it could be said, without equivocation, that after over 50 years the colonialist left, very little improvement has been made on what they left behind.

water supply, treatment and distribution systems, solid waste management, educational facilities (schools and universities); urban transport systems, housing, and healthcare facilities as well as refineries. Of these, power and roads infrastructure have been identified as the main economic growth drivers that have suffered much neglect leading to their decay and the resultant stagnation in national development. At present, government's efforts at creating new infrastructure, expanding and refurbishing existing assets at both state and federal levels are through public private partnership (PPP) initiatives, giving birth to Infrastructure Concession and Regulatory Commission (ICRC). The key strategic objective for this commission is to accelerate investment in

Martins Alumona‐eze

national infrastructure through private sector funding by assisting the Federal Government and its ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) to implement and establish effective PPP process. In addition, a number of state governments are considering using PPP to develop infrastructure. Although each state is responsible for its own investment projects, many PPP projects within a state will be financed with the support of a guarantee by the Federal Government. In providing any such guarantees, the government will have regard to best practices as exemplified by its own PPP policy and guidelines. Among others, the main objective of ICRC are to build a pipeline of public infrastructure investment projects using the MDAs that are high priorities for the government and which can attract private sector investment; to ensure that a robust,

Virtually all critical infrastructural facilities are yet to be fully developed in Nigeria and these include power generation and transmission/ distribution networks, roads and bridges, ports, railways, inland container depots and logistics hubs. Others are gas and petroleum infrastructure such as storage depots infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Laying solid infrastructure foundation for economic development

condition, the state of the roads infrastructur e in the country is not only critical but a l s o worrisome.

transparent, eﬃcient and equitable process is developed for managing the selection, development, procurement, implementation and monitoring of PPP projects and that this process is applied consistently to all relevant projects, and to ensure that the advantages and requirements of PPPs are well appreciated at the national level amongst potential investors and by other relevant stakeholders. The story of infrastructure concessioning in the country has not however, been totally cheering. And so far, the outcome of this initiative is public knowledge as could be seen in the Lagos‐Ibadan Expressway, the Lekki‐Epe Expressway, Murtala Muhammed Airport Terminal II, Sea Port Terminals at Lagos Port , Tin Can Island Port, Container Terminal, Apapa, Federal Ocean Terminal, Onne among others. Perhaps, in no other areas than roads and bridges is the infrastructure gap more pronounced. With only 20 percent of the well over 300,000 kilometres of roads in Nigeria paved and in good motorable

A robust and sustainable transportation infrastructure is a critical requirement for economic development. It is for this reason that countries invest huge amounts of ﬁnancial resources in providing an extensive road transport network. In Nigeria, the need for a robust road network infrastructure is a lot higher considering that over 90 percent of all inland transportation is by road. The reality however, is that the road network infrastructure across the country is not only grossly inadequate, but also in a total state of collapse. And this has impacted negatively on productivity and development. According to experts, the poor state of our roads is largely attributable to the poor maintenance culture, which is due, in part, to the high maintenance costs associated with the road types. The experts note that there are two major types of road pavements in use around the world. These are ﬂexible asphalt and cement concrete.

Issues Chairman of the Cement Manufacturer's Association of Nigeria (C M A N), says the technology being used for road construction across the world in the last ﬁve years has attracted a larger input from cement‐based materials than asphalt, largely on account of the many beneﬁts of the former over the later. For example, over 70 percent of the roads constructed in China in the last four years, totaling 640,000 Kilometres, were constructed using cement concrete. The history of road construction in Nigeria has been almost the same in the past 50 years which is why, regrettably, most of the roads that were constructed even after the civil war in the 1970s are today in deplorable conditions not much for lack of maintenance as it is for the construction materials used. In virtually all of these, asphalt and bitumen have been the dominant construction materials and these materials are not sustainable in the long run. This is why, in the past 15 years of democratic governance in the country, much of the noise about dividends of democracy has centred around rehabilitation and reconstruction of roads that were built about 25‐30 years ago. It is against this backdrop that stakeholders in the roads construction industry are pushing for a new approach to roads infrastructure provision with strong emphasis on cement as a viable option given its sustainability, safety, durability

Engineer Joseph Makoju, 32

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Laying solid infrastructure foundation for economic development

and cost‐eﬀectiveness. Cement manufacturing and supply had been a big challenge in this country until the backward integration policy of 2002 which is responsible for the good news coming from that sector of the economy today. Local cement production has jumped from three million tons per annum in 2002 to 28 million tons in 2012. This is a phenomenal development that raises hope and conviction that the cement option for road construction is possible if explored and adopted by both public and private sector operators in the roads sector. Interestingly, Nigeria has a large deposit of limestone which is the major component of cement manufacture and almost all the geopolitical zones in the country have their share of this free gift from nature. This explains the establishment of cement manufacturing plants in these regions. Ibeshe and Ewekoro plants are in Ogun State, South West; Obajana in Kogi, North Central; Sokoto Cement in Sokoto State which is North West; Ashaka Cement in Gombe which is North East; Calabar Cement in Cross River which is South South, and Benue Cement in Benue State, North Central. At the moment, about 40 per cent of the roads in developed countries are made of cement concrete, whereas it is less than 0.1 percent in Nigeria. Makoju explains that cement concrete

roads have extreme durability and last longer than ﬂexible asphalt. “The design life of concrete roads is between 35 and 50 years as against the 20 to 25 years for asphalt”, he said. Experts also note that cement concrete roads require less maintenance, are more environmental‐friendly, and are more robust to pressure from water, oil and grease, than asphalt roads which, according to them, is why airport ramps are paved with cement concrete. They add that cement concrete roads, unlike asphalt, are easily adaptable even on the poorest of soils. Engineer Ette I. Etteh, Chairman of Ette Aro and Partners, agrees, explaining that cement concrete roads are more suitable for heavily traﬃcked roads with heavy axle roads because of their wider load distribution capacity, adding that such roads as Lagos – Shagamu – Ore – Benin – Asaba; Onitsha – Enugu; Lagos – Ibadan; Ilorin – Abuja – Kaduna – kano; Enugu – Aba – Port Harcourt, etc, would need concrete cement pavements.

Issues attract higher initial costs than asphalt pavements, the life cycle cost analysis – which takes into account the initial capital cost of construction and the cost of maintenance and rehabilitation to keep the road in a serviceable state – suggests that, in the long‐run, cement concrete roads are more cost‐ eﬃcient. Nigeria's Road Network is ranked 116th in the world in terms of size and eﬃciency. Road statistics are not up to date but there are about 39,000 kilometres of federal roads linking every part of the country. The states and local council roads are 25,000kilometres and 129,000 kilometres respectively. With private roads and an ever‐ expanding network in towns, the total length of all roads in Nigeria is put at 193,000 kilometres. Prior to independence in 1960, the length of 11,000 kilometres was constructed to link every part of Nigeria. The three regions at the time, and later 12 states in 1976, constructed their respective network of roads.

Etteh contends that while cement concrete roads may

34 infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Equipment Preview

T1255 Terrain Leveler Surface Excavation Machine The Vermeer® T1255 Terrain Leveler® surface excavation machine (SEM) was developed in the strong tradition of Vermeer rock‐trenching innovation.

D220x300 by VBM Navigator horizontal directional drill

Designed for mining, quarry, site prep and civil work operations, the T1255 SEM puts more control in operators' hands for precise, high‐ production material excavation. Vermeer developed top‐down cutting drums that allow the cutter teeth to gain penetration without using the machine's tractive eﬀort to drive the teeth into the material. As the machine travels forward and the drum rotates, the teeth on the drum are positioned over the material surface. As contact is made, the top‐down cutting action of the teeth instantly creates a consistent‐sized product, which can be handled more eﬃciently than product generated by drilling and blasting.

Powered by a 298‐kW Xi'an‐Cummins engine, the D220x300 HDD is designed for large installations with 99,790 kg of thrust/pullback and 40,675 Nm of rotational torque. The D220x300 oﬀers the strength to meet a wide range of project speciﬁcations.

Closed loop hydraulic circuits power the main functions of rotation, push/pull and drilling fluid flow, giving exceptional performance and efficiency, and providing contractors increased

The Vermeer T1255 SEM is built upon the Commander® 3 track trencher, which provides the power needed for the demanding work in mines and quarries. The machine oﬀers a 447.4 kW CAT C18 ACERT Tier 3 engine and Vermeer exclusive TEC® Plus operating system, which interfaces with various modules throughout the machine. A load control system automatically adjusts ground speed to use maximum engine power, and also protects the engine from operator error — preventing stalling of the engine under load.

productivity. If a jobsite requires a steep entry angle for a tough crossing, the D220x300 has a drill entry angle up to 24 degrees. A standard, climate‐controlled operator's cabin improves comfort and productivity by centralizing all major drilling functions.

An optional 5‐rod stager/loader increases drilling time and eﬃciency. The optional crane reduces the need for support equipment on the jobsite to load/unload tooling and rod. An optional on‐board drilling ﬂuid pump provides a self‐contained drilling system; and for larger projects, the on‐ board pump can be used in combination with a standalone pump.

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

35 APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Interview I came here on board to the air, dynamic

exact idea to the next move to my personal life.

‐Alhaji Tijani Adekanbi Alhaji Tijani Adekanbi has been in the service of the Federation of Construction Industry for the past 25 years as the Director General. In this interview with DACHI MADUAKO he confirms he has seen it all and now he bows out meritoriously saying, “I have no regrets working for FOCI because if you take 25 years out of 70 years, how many remains, 45 years. I came here on board to the air, dynamic. This is where I spent longer part of my working life.” Excerpts. IQ: Sir, you have been with FOCI for the past 25 years. What were the things that qualified you to seek to work here? Actually, my working here was not pre‐designed. I was in the Governing Council of FOCI between 1978 and 1979. It was as a member of the governing council that I worked in at least two committees i.e Industrial Relations committee and the Financial and General Purpose committee. Then, it was the financial and general purpose committee that oversees the running of the secretariat. So, we had a vacancy. Our Director General (that time Executive Secretary) was leaving, so they asked me to prepare an advert; prepare the job description, job specifications and advertise the position which I did. It was when the advert was on and at that time, I was no longer on full time employment with my former company – JKN Limited that sent me to the council. I was consulting for them and still representing them on the governing council. That was in 1989. So they said, Alhaji, you know the problem we have here, that was why we asked you to head the committee that will recruit a new executive secretary. We just want to ask if with your consultancy you can still help us at least run this place for one year, recruit whoever is coming in, put him through and then you can leave after that. That was how it started; they actually suggested that and I thought that their suggestion for one year was good. I was going to run another company, a family business with other investors. We were going to run a production company producing electrical equipment. And in the course of the one year I was running this place, The Military president then, General Ibrahim Babangida came up with this idea of second tier foreign exchange window and the money we had which we were going to send to Hong Kong for the spare parts the factory was going to use for the machines, all of a sudden became one quarter of what we needed because the first bid devalued by Nigeria by four times. So, we ran short of that target. So, when this proposal was brought we were hoping that if I ran this place for one year, within that year, we would have got additional fund to order the plant. We were still on that when my late elder brother who was actually the engineer that put this company together died. Then that company did not take off as expected and I found myself still manning this place, IQ: So, it was your scuttled dream that made this one to materialize? Yes, the company we had and with the business I was going into when I left JKN full time employment made me stay longer than I had thought and of course eventually back‐loaded and I did not have the

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

IQ: What exactly is your field? I majored in history. And in my former company, I was the General Manager (Personnel and administration) was under me. That I have done between 1974 and I joined the company in 1974 and left in 1985. I was in private consultancy from 1985 to 1989 when the issue of you being a member of the governing council why can't you assist with time while you are still available at least for one year during which you recruit somebody there, put him through and leave. IQ: What were the things you met on ground and were they alright, if not how did you manage to keep the organisation going? FOCI had a very good structure here. At that time FOCI was actually at the completion stage of this building and I had the privilege in having the contractors in Nigeria abbreviated FOBACEC. The Article and Memo were enough having been incorporated in November 1954 and was running and running very well. It had established itself long before 1989 that we are talking about. As a body that organizes stakeholders in the construction industry, there were both expatriates, indigenous and indigenized companies already there. Since 1970 we have been having Nigerian Presidents and things were already established. By that 1989, this secretariat had already been built as at 1984, about five years between when it was built and when I joined although I was in the governing council in the former rented office in Onikan. In fact, in those days what we were trying to do was to improve on what traditions that had been laid and had already been worked upon and made sure that those things grew in leaps and bounds. IQ: FOCI was formerly FOBACEC. What led to the change of name? Thank you very much. People thought that name was too long and even some members of the governing council who had been there for many years were not able to pronounce the name – Federation of Building and Civil Engineering Contractors in Nigeria. You go to the Minister, by the time you drop your address, he would not be able to reproduce the address back to you. It is just too long and unwieldy. And in the spirit of time, people said that we should look for something that is less cumbersome without losing focus. IQ: Though you have mentioned the makeup of the membership of FOCI, some people still get confused that there are companies that could be termed by the nature of their ownership, formation and even by their foreign cleavage where they came from, still APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Interview

Steering FOCI to stable Platform for construction industry they are regarded as companies that are not foreign?. Indigenous companies are those companies that are owned solely by Nigerians though they may have expatriates on their staff. Indigenised companies are multinationals that are sold and redempted their share capital to Nigerians but provides the technical support for running the business. They still own 40 per cent of their business and they are technically Nigerian companies. They are indigenized because the majority of the shareholding is held by indigenous shareholders but the technical knowledge, expertise for running the business is conceded even by the Nigerian stakeholders to their technical partners who own 40 per cent. And because they are the visible hands manning the top echelon of the company may be the managing Director, sometimes the finance director and the company structure is still supported largely by foreign partners who we have in this country. They provide the wherewithal to run the company. They are different from indigenous companies in the sense that they receive support from their principals from outside Nigeria. Local people will see them largely as foreign companies but they .degraded their shareholding largely to Nigerians. Actually, I think the Obasanjo regime restructured most of the multinationals. They were like that. Majority of the shareholding was in the hands of Nigerian's up to 60 per cent; the technical partners 40 per cent and they were providing the management because they established the companies and of course people see them as largely expatriate companies but they are indigenized. They are Nigerian owned technically. Then at that time we don't even have foreign investors to own majority shareholding but that has been changed. Some of them have turned over to start having like 51 per cent or even 60 per cent as against the 40 per cent Nigerian.

Now you have those that are entirely foreign who have 100 per cent ownership. They have some Nigerian partners who have invested some shares, that is allowed. Its not just Nigerians in this thing. Dangote cement is operating internationally in South Africa, in Togo, in Ghana but Dangote, our own Dangote, owns everything. And yonder there would be local people who are partners. So, the world is moving at is towards nationalism coming to that border and as soon as the stakeholder they are as good as everybody does it. I Q : So, in Nigeria now it is not compulsory that before a foreign firm secures contract in the country, it must register with FOCI? If not how do you cope with the situation where any state or Federal Government goes and picks a foreign firm for a job in the country? It has never been compulsory, FOCI has never had the monopoly of deciding who would take contract in Nigeria. FOCI was formed by an interest group when we were transiting from colonial to indigenous rule. The companies that were doing business in Nigeria with government at that time were substantially foreign. At that time like PWD, that is the same as the Ministry of Works. And the government was colonial government. You see following the standard of the PWD then, the confidence was there; nobody could just change the rule and deprive them of their money. They received their money after they finished the job. But as we w e r e t r a n s i t i n g t o N i g e r i a , fe w companies came up. It was not as if there were no Nigerian companies then. We had companies like Oni and Sons which was 100 per cent Nigerian owned. That is an example, we had others who were also operating and competing at that time. We had the advantages and disadvantages. But the expatriates were afraid that when the Nigerian nationalists take over, things would not work out the way it was working then. They were not too sure that Nigerians would keep the rules. Either you have got a job, you have done your bit, you are not getting paid, you cannot even take them to court like a

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

landlord would take his tenant to court or rent tribunal. So, they felt they have to protect themselves – 1. To protect s t a n d a r d . 2 . To m a k e s u r e t h a t everybody is operating at the same level without shortcutting by another competitor. So, that was why they started thinking of binding together to protect their interest. So at first, it was largely by expatriate companies but they were all Nigerian stakeholders. Some of them were substantial players with the Ministry of Works. So, it was the fear of the future that propelled their forming the association at that time. The six basic subscribers were all there at that time. IQ: So, that might have informed the practice today that even Federal Government and State Governments can go outside and pick any foreign firm for jobs? Anybody; not government alone; you can go outside and bring any contractor to build your house for you. All he has to do is to comply with the laws of the land one of which is that he must be registered with the CAC. And then, if you are going to work for the government, you register with the tenders' board. IQ: Sometime ago, some firms packed up and left the country due to lack of jobs and non payment or indebtedness. How did you contend with the situation? Let me start this way. In the private sector, the practice is very clear and the issue of not being paid as at and when due is very large and it has been like that. There is a lot to be done in this country. But the fact is the resources competing for attention with the little that they have can never balance. We have a situation in which in the wisdom the prudent employers construction companies in this country when it comes to good jobs are the governments whether at the federal, state or local levels. And when it comes to government, it is all about politics. Leadership can change at the head, at the state and at the local level. And the jobs that have been committed to and APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Interview

Steering FOCI to stable Platform for construction industry are still ongoing may not necessarily be the priority of the man who is coming in and the emphasis has changed. So, allocation of resources to the ongoing job would be determined whether it is still relevant to the man who is holding the forth or not. Invariably, one firm or the other may be the victim. You have a job that is supposed to be completed in two years, they programmed it, you probably hire the plant local and foreign to execute the job, your equipment are on ground and truly you are working on it and all of a sudden the emphasis changed and the job is not being funded at the rate commensurate with the programme that you started with without having problems and somewhere along the line, you are supposed to get to a certificate stage 28 days after you have submitted it. That is the general practice, but if after six months you have not been paid, what happens? Idle plants do not profit the owner. It costs money, it costs a fortune to acquire a plant. You could buy one for as much as N50 million. So, you cannot afford to have it idle. There you are, if you don't have another job where you can conveniently move your plant to, the cost is there, you are paying the operator, you are hoping that your credit facility will continue to run, meanwhile the money you borrowed from the bank you are cashing into it and the facility is there unpaid. That phenomenon goes for all contractors and instead of producing at high cost and then run out of funds, few things done, the plants are there and the workers that were employed are not working but you must pay them. That phenomenon is part and parcel of the risks involved. There are jobs that Obasanjo awarded to contractors on the Lagos – Ibadan ‐ Ilorin expressway in the year 2000 and it was to last only two years but lasted years beyond that.

company. Those that appear to be very strong consistently have this huge element too of abandoned jobs, delayed jobs, jobs which have been concluded and payments have not been made. Some of the companies that were leaving were leaving because they could not cope with the situation again because they borrowed money from the banks, guaranteed by their home offices if they are expatriates or their foreign offices who guaranteed the loans that are taken here and paying same, negotiated at the level it was standing. At a point in time a particular judgment had to be evacuated and brought in another for the job. If you are very big, that is easier for you but if you are very small outfit, there is nothing you can do because, your own survival too depends on this; paying your children school fees will come into question not because you diverted the money for anything else, the project is being affected. So, if you are small, you are closing shop and you are spending more and more on your wife. If you have invested on that for domestic purpose and your children are finding things difficult. If you are bigger, you are finding yourself in the same position you may say let me close my shop and go to South Africa. Many did that some years ago; some of them are coming back. Many had to do that, but over there you can't just imagine a situation which you are going to finish job and have a certificate and not be attended to for years. Some of our members were bought over in Europe and their principals were bought over in Europe because they don't understand why they are not getting paid and their certificates are there. Sometimes government would say, okay, lets negotiate, if you can give me 25 percent discount or 30 per cent discount, I will pay the remaining in one year at certain time interval and you IQ: Can you remember how many of consider if you will take it or not because your meers were affected by this and the bank loan is there what is the situation now? I Q: How do you evaluate F O C I'S Every member was affected in one way contribution to nation building in the or the other. It depends on the particular development of the Nigerian nation? strength and weakness of that particular

FOCI has provided a platform of stability and a platform for attracting common interests without fear of finding accusations. If government comes and says like when Nigeria decided that it would not devalued its money during the regime of Gen. Ibrahim Babangida (Rtd), he introduced the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) Exchange and you discover that if we had devalued, at the end of the day, SAP was worse than devaluation. The smiles in the back thinking, that we were clever. But those that were waiting for us there knew that we would eventually do it because devaluation is almost every day that people go and do it for dollar. The government would want to have so many dollars to sell. And there are so many of you hank ling and struggling just to take it. So, what we decided is how much do we sell one? With your own you determine what the rate will be. They are always going up and hardly come down. Then of course because of the move for private purchase of parallel markets, not everybody can go there to bid. Not everybody can go to the bank to book for it. FOCI was a partner when this started and when Nigeria had the first bidding for dollars which moved the Naira from one Naira to two to four Naira to one dollar. It was devalued by 400 per cent by first bidding. Had it been that we devalued, we would not have devalued by that magnitude at all. We might have devalued by at least 25 per cent over a period or two, three, four years. Any way that one came up the issue now became what would happen if the contracting construction companies were to pay for plants and equipment and between yesterday and today, the naira had become just ¼ of what it was and the company would say before we ship the plant or equipment you are going to pay three more naira to the one naira you paid before; what would you do? You probably end up with everything going up ‐ the cement and everything that you need to use including the consumables, they will go up following the rise in the devaluation of the naira,

38 infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Steering FOCI to stable Platform for construction industry So, everything will stand there and then the next thing will be, we will not be sitting down like this in the office and we won't continue work like this because the salary of the staff will go up. Already cost of materials have gone up, so, we won't finish this work with the amount that we initially agreed. They won't go back because this is an urgent work and they maintained they won't go back to work. Federal government now falls back to bigger firms and says talk to your members you are their brother organisations, While federal government was still talking to them, they agreed among themselves that they weren't prepared to talk with federal government rather let our organization, FOCI come in and whatever you agree with them we agree. So, F O C I would tell the companies what is agreed with government. In such a situation, nobody could hold any particular company to ransom saying you are their leader, you are the one who has not allowed them to agree to this whereas that job would have been completed in three months at the amount that we calculated should be paid them to carry them along. We came in and we agreed a formula for handling ongoing jobs and the future will take care of itself because when you are taking up a new job you can now say okay this is the scenario as at now and the cement price cannot be static. If along the way, what the price says is what we are going to pay because a formula has been agreed upon, we now agree to go back to work. What we are trying to say is that we need that formula to stay. The formula was in fact taken to the Federal Executive Council. Although it took us two years before we could get the ones that have accumulated paid, for the ongoing work, they were paid immediately. There are issues that abound like when there are issues that are affecting more than one section like two, three, four companies and there are many we take up as a body. There was the issues when government made a law and said that we should deduct a certain percentage

of tax. When some companies deducted, and paid to some government organs, they didn't pass it on to the tax authorities, they felt that the discount of the job that they have done should reflect whereas they didn't pass it on to the tax authority who would have issued receipt that could be used to offset their cash at the end of the year. These companies could not solve it on their own. but before then we told them that when they withhold their tax without giving them tax refund and they don't get credit, they are then exposed to dangers of multiple taxation which dangers also are there. When you are building you have it at the back of your mind that people will say that Nigeria is the most expensive market for construction, yes and for every other thing. If at all it's the issue that any issue that is beyond or that is affecting more than one, two, three companies, they themselves will say let FOCI take care of us. IQ: Let's look at FOCI and infrastructure development. Sir can you look at Nigeria globally and the contribution of FOCI in infrastructure development in the country? Ans Well, if the members are doing well because you are there as one of the things that will affect them and they are moving ahead you can claim some credit for their success. Let's look at the infrastructure issue. The key infrastructure in any area whether you are building a sea port, an airport, stadia, road project, bridges, hospital. they are largely handled by members of FOCI. There may be non‐members of FOCI who are doing one project or the other but virtually all the key companies who are handling key projects belong to FOCI to that extent. F O C I being around is giving the companies the kind of backing they need without looking back to see if they will be able to get certain things at the time they need it. The type of relationship we have had cannot collect them through their own effort especially as those construction companies don't advertise; you hardly

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

Interview see construction companies advertising. They are good at seeing jobs done. It is their jobs that advertise them. In fact even in their own journals, because advertising is not part of what they are used to. Your job advertises you. The architects, quantity surveyors who work with you advertise you. When they design, they recommend you. They are supportive of those who are actually doing the jobs. They are kin to those who are actually doing the job IQ: FOCI and standards ‐ There are times we see some roads constructed and before you know it within two, three years they have gone bad. How does F O C I ensure standards are maintained by the members? Ans: Look; let me tell you, you get what you want to buy. FO CI insists on standards. FOC I expects its members to operate at acceptable standards. In short, a lot of jobs you ae talking about if you go to dig into it, you will probably discover that they are not done by FOCI members. Don't forget F O C I membership is less than one tenth (1/10) of total number of companies registered as construction companies in Nigeria, It is the high proﬁle companies in Nigeria, well organized ones are our members because the standard is high. Even if you are a Nigerian company, you must meet a minimal standard. So, when you talk of companies taking jobs and could not ﬁnish it, abandoned it; when you talk of companied doing poor jobs, trying to complain to us, we don't do it. We have our own way of sanctioning them. We cannot delist them from CAC. We can delist the professionals in that company through their professional bodies. So, the directors of the company can be held responsible because they have marked them and had allowed them to perform. So, we uphold standards all over the country. When I say you get what you buy, what do you say to Taiwan spare parts? You go over there and tell them you do not want spare parts more than this or that, you can reduce the quality and get it here and sell. Some of the people who APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Interview

Steering FOCI to stable Platform for construction industry are selling spare parts will tell you they have three or four grades saying, “this is number one, this is number two… you buy what your vehicle can take. If you have a master and he is not there, you buy the cheap one, it will work for some days and by the time it breaks down you probably have left for another employer. That is what I have to say. We do not take very lightly complaints of work not properly done. When you talk of abandoned jobs, they start very well and after many years, at the end of the day you discover that most of those jobs that were abandoned, were abandoned by the contractors because the clients had failed to fund or keep to the terms or provided his own part of the bargain. There was hardly any of our members that was sanctioned. Hardly. We are still waiting for anyone that collected money up till now and still had the material there and gave him everything and yet did not complete the job. They are big enough, the government will take them and squeeze them. I Q: Sir, F O C I will be 60 years By November. What can you say is the mark made? Ans: FOCI was founded in March but the registration with CAC was in November 1954. We tend to take November because the certiﬁcate of Registration will show that it was incorporated by November 1954. The mark created by the 60 years is the mark made in the infrastructural development of the country by FOCI members. If FOCI had not been formed, most of the foreign contractors probably would have gone back to their homes. We cannot say that their still hanging out has not been beneﬁcial. Julius Berger was brought to the country from Germany because of only Eko bridge which was number two after Carter Bridge in 1966 or so. Let me tell you, if a company like Julius Berger has given a boost to the environment. Think of any emergency, its Julius Berger that has the equipment. For instance, if there is building collapse which is not their

main job, they are always there. And think of the landmark, many of our members have made dotting the skyline of this country and all over the place. Even if they have been giving those jobs to Nigerians, they would of a truth not have been able to execute them. Up to date, they are not. They have not learnt the issue of the practice of working together with others even if it is a matter of a younger brother and elder brother; and they are engineers and own a company, does not determine the mileage. Two. Nigerian banks are not prepared to fund long term jobs. It takes one – to get in there to get the money and two – to fund these jobs. These are some of the issues. So, FOCI as supposedly, had to lead the show for its existence like I said earlier so as to provide a platform which create enabling environment for these companies to perform and produce. So, that is our claim of achievement. FOCI does not give or create jobs, it is our members that do it. We only advise whether on industrial relations and any other matter. FOCI also, is the platform on which the construction companies whether Nigerian or expatriate, local or international or multinational, where the industrial relations is regulated. It is the open platform through which the unions negotiate with and succeeded in keeping the industrial relations platform stable. The only problem that government comes to is when it comes to the issue where there are some public issues that contractors need to use as standard like schedule of doing work, price index. We produce it and based on structures that Federal Ministry of Works has raised for all the contractors whether you are local or foreign, schedule of good work place is a document in which you can

determine how you price issues of jobs that arise out of jobs. IQ: After these 25years of service in FOCI, what would you want to say are your achievements? A N S : I think I would leave the statement of what I achieved to posterity and those I worked with. I know I served under seven presidents. I know that FOCI has changed and adjusted to time and kept to faith with the members and it came to light in the economic set up in this country. It has been through the grace of God a breakthrough as the Director General. Initially as the Executive Secretary, I was on the Governing Council that bought this land for this building, that built it with contractors around, saw it through it's amortization and I was the one who took over office in 1989. I was also on seat when we got the present allocation for land in Abuja. That was revoked and another allocation made five years later which we are preparing to build. We have got another property over there so that our office can move over there. I am proud of that institution and more so, I am not saying here that I am the one that actually achieved those things, I had to be part of the team that made these things work. It is posterity that will judge because as I am trying doing these, there are other things which other people thought I should have done which I did not do. They are in better position to judge. IQ: Now that you are about to retire are there any regrets, any advice; and what would you always wants to be remembered for? ANS: I have no regrets working for FOCI because if you take 25 years out of 70 years, how many remains, 45 years. I came here on board to the air, dynamic. This is where I spent longer part of my working life having started work since 1971 i,e 43 years ago. How do you regret? Most of my children were getting their training when I was

42 infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Facility Management

Steering FOCI to stable Platform for construction industry here. I have had personal satisfaction. I am happy with what God has made of me working here and I have no regrets. I am happy I am able to contribute my own quote to the development of this country using this platform in my own small way to contribute. And I am also happy that I am leaving behind a FOCI that is stronger than I met it, detail well spelt out and traditional well lived. Well to those coming behind, one advice I will give to them is that if you are on a job, do it with all your mind apply y o u r s e l f, b e c o m m i t t e d t o y o u r employer, be loyal to him, be faithful to him. If you are not having job satisfaction, leave that place and go to another place where you can have job satisfaction. Here, I found job satisfaction not that I made so much money, there was nothing like that but I found job satisfaction. Many people are working where they are making millions of naira but they don't have job satisfaction. That is why you are going to find somebody that is Medical Doctor and leaving it to go and play music. I know of so many that followed parents wish and pursued professions and when they finished, they dropped their certificates and pursued what they want. I Thank God that this platform was given to me and by the time I got there, I have done the best I can. I can look back and I am happy. Young men should make up their minds and when they are on a job, they should do it because they did not get there by accident; God said they should be there at the helm of affairs. They should do the most of it and should bear in mind that they do not short change their employers. I want to be remembered as one man who came on this stage, did the best and left with something to show.

Lagos gives verve to Facility Management Lagos State Government has restated its commitment to the institution of a regime of regular maintenance of Infrastructure assets having commenced the regular maintenance of its health and educational facilities. S p e a k i n g a t t h e F i r s t stakeholders forum of the Of ice F a c i l i t y M a n a g e m e n t a n d M a i n t e n a n c e ( O F M M ) t h e G e n e r a l M a n g e r o f t h e o r g a n i s a t i o n , M s . A d e n i k e A d e k a n b i , n o t e d t h a t t h e establishment of the Of ice is to give verve to regime of proper maintenance. According to her, the forum is held to provide a platform for e n g a g e m e n t w i t h a l l t h e contractors doing business with the State Government. She added that the meeting is to review the innovation and sustainable manner being currently adopted. I n h i s p r e s e n t a t i o n , t h e Chairman, Lagos Public Works Corporation Mr. Gbenga Akintola, noted that there has been a progressive increase in the capacity of the corporation to m a i n t a i n L a g o s r o a d s . H e disclosed that over 1400 roads are projected to be maintained in the current year. He stated that the establishment of Asphalt plants at Imota and B a d a g r y i s t o e n a b l e t h e corporation respond promptly to maintenance responsibilities that it has. H e u r g e d t h e p o p u l a c e t o embrace a culture of public ownership of facilities. He added that tar cut, activities of car wash operators, mechanics and the burning of tyres and cooking on roads are habits that shorten the lifespan of public infrastructure. Also, the General Manager, Lagos State Electricity Board, Mrs. Damilola Ogunbiyi, urged people to conserve energy and power by switching oﬀ unused appliances

while also encouraging people to cultivate the habit of using energy saving bulbs. She advised people to regularly do a general audit of energy they consume as this will help to save r e s o u r c e s . S h e t h e r e f o r e , enjoined organizations to work lexibly by appointing energy of icers who will be notifying people of switching oﬀ unused appliances. She also urges regular m a i n t e n a n c e o f e l e c t r i c a l equipment especially generating sets at least 200 hours minimum interval. A f o r m e r P r e s i d e n t o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c i l i t y Management Association (IFMA), Mr. S.O Jagun, admonished that all hands must be on deck to ensure a beautiful working environment . He therefore, advised organizations to have communication plan to know who is in charge in case of service rendering and emergency. He encouraged the use of backup for appliances such as computer and electricity, urging emergency p re p a re d n e s s . H e e n j o i n e d F a c i l i t y M a n a g e m e n t Practitioners to ensure that their statistics are always right thereby saving money, adding that health and safety issues must be taken into consideration. A representative of Deux Project Limited, Mr. Kayode Jegede while speaking on experience as facility Management Contractor with Lagos State Government stated that delivery of infrastructure does not end with commissioning a l o n e b u t m u s t i n c l u d e appropriation of necessary b u d g e t a n d s t a ﬀ f o r i t s maintenance and operation. He noted that maintenance is meant to ensure a quality lifespan of an asset including standard and quality

43 infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Innovations

he Dongdaemun Design Plaza, also called the DDP, is one of the world's major urban development landmarks in Seoul, South Korea designed by Iraqi British architect Zaha Hadid, with a distinctively neofuturistic design characterized by the "powerful, curving forms of elongated structures. The landmark which is the centerpiece of South Korea's fashion hub and popular tourist destination has been one of the main reasons for Seoul's designation as World Design Capital in 2010. Featuring a walkable park on its roofs, large global exhibition spaces and futuristic retail stores and restored parts of the Seoul fortress. It is physically connected to Seoul Subway via Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station. The Dongdaemun History & Culture Park replaces Dongdaemun's older baseball and soccer stadia and their adjoining ﬂea markets and street vendors. It houses a fashion design information center with seminar rooms and a lecture hall. There are multi‐purpose convention hall and a number of exhibition halls. It acts as a test‐bed platform for various corporate design products as well as a place for international cultural exchange and cooperation. It is a general commercial district with areas for athletics and also replace the former Dongdaemun Stadium, a new baseball stadium is under construction in Gocheok‐dong. The Underground Cultural Plaza allows access to the east and west sides of the Dongdaemun Fashion District which is bisected at ground level by a major road. It connects to the Euljiro Underground Arcade, as

well as to Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station. The underground plaza is incorporated into the structure of the design park and design plaza. The building features a shapely facade made up of 45,000 aluminum panels of varying sizes and curvatures. This was achieved using advanced 3‐ dimensional digital construction services, making DDP the first public building in Korea to utilize the technology Architect Zaha Hadid, the designers described it as a field of pixilation and perforation patterns, the backlit facade is speckled with minute perforations that allow the building to transform from a solid entity by day into an animated light show by night. Haadid said the design integrates the park and plaza seamlessly as one, blurring the boundary between architecture and nature in a continuous, fluid landscape. The 30,000 square metre parks reinterpret the spatial concepts of traditional Korean garden design: layering, horizontality, blurring the relationship between the interior and the exterior – with no single feature dominating the perspective. This approach is further informed by historic local painting traditions that depict grand visions of the ever‐ changing aspects of nature. The DDP is an architectural landscape that revolves around the ancient city wall and cultural artifacts discovered during archaeological excavations preceding DDP's construction. These historic features form the central element of D D P's composition; linking the park, plaza and city

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

together. The DDP has been designed as a cultural hub at the centre of Dongdaemun, a historic district of Seoul that is now renowned for its 24‐ hour shopping and cafes. DDP is a place for people of all ages; a catalyst for the instigation and exchange of ideas and for new technologies and media to be explored. The variety of public spaces within DDP include Exhibition Halls, Convention Halls, Design Museum, Library, Lab and Archives, Children's Education Centre, Media Centre, Seminar Rooms and Sky Lounge; enabling DDP to present the widest diversity of exhibitions and events that feed the cultural vitality of the city. The DDP Park is a place for leisure, relaxation and refuge ‐ a new green oasis within the busy urban surroundings of Dongdaemun. The design integrates the park and plaza seamlessly as one, blurring the boundary between architecture and nature in a continuous, ﬂuid landscape. Voids in the park's surface give visitors glimpses into the innovative world of design below, making the DDP an important link between the city's contemporary culture, emerging nature and history. These innovations have enabled the team building DDP to control the construction with much greater precision than conventional processes and improve eﬃciencies. Implementing such construction technologies make D D P one of Korea's most innovative and technological advanced constructions to date.

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Pacesetter

Jeff ‐ the Safety Preacher A creative and resourceful man, Jeff worked with Oando a Nigerian oil marketing company as the Business Development Manager in Lagos from 2005 to 2008 before he was moved as the Marine Oil and Services Manager, an office he occupied from June 2008 to October the same year. Earlier, he had served as the General Manager, Oando Sierra Leone and Head, West Africa Refinery Company Limited, Freetown – Sierra Leone, from 2001to 2005 where he was responsible for the provision of overall leadership for both companies one of which is Oando's subsidiary and the latter an affiliate until 2005. One major issue involved in his assignment was the overseeing and enforcing Safety and Environmental Management System within the Refinery as well as supervision of the Community Relations thrust.

He is preaching safety and is busy making converts who believe in safe conducts as a way of life. He is Mr. Jeff 'Vwede Obahon, the Delta State born safety practitioner. He is so described because everything about him speaks safety and he goes about living out what he preaches about safety. Obahon became a safety practitioner since 1981 with experience that spans the Steel Industry and Oil and Gas Sector of Nigeria and West Africa having acquired skill in Health, Safety, Security, Environment (HSSE) and Social Performance (SP). He is a leader whose leadership skill could be easily identified in the manner he employs his expertise to wrap up opportunities that come his way for the general good of those he comes in contact with. A graduate of the University of Benin, Benin City (Edo State), Obahon obtained the Barchelor of Arts degree in Education majoring in English Language and Literature. He later obtained a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from University of Sierra Leone in 1987 and 2004 respectively. Jeff as he is popularly called has innate leadership qualities that easily manifest in his activities in many organizations where he has had a stint in working either on full time, consultancy or even voluntary basis. These include the American Society of Safety Engineers, Nigerian Chapter where he had just stepped down as the president. He led the association to a successful hosting of the first ever annual professional development conference in an African soil, in Nigeria in May. Under his presidency, the association grew and much publicity and awareness was created leading to growth in membership.

As an HSE specialist, he was able to achieve an accident free environment enhanced by training and effective communication. He was also able to achieve one million Man Hours without Loss Time Incidence (LTI). With basic core values focused on productivity, Jeff's astuteness in business led him to bid successfully for the United Nations vendor and was listed. With his position, he effectively assisted in managing the construction of a four arm loading gantry within the refinery complex as well as refurbishment and management of the tank farm, pump houses, pipelines, warehouses, office buildings and fire fighting assets and vehicles. He also initiated and executed the incorporation of Oando Liberia Inc. while opening markets for Oando Sierra Leone in Mali, Guinea and Cote d' Iviore. From January 2004 to November 2008, Obahon played a leading role in the Oando group in Liberia where he was the President and was responsible for the provision of the initial links for Oando Liberia to the United Nations in Liberia and was in constant liaison with relevant National Transitional Liberian Government officials and key industry players including handling the Community and Government Relations. He got incorporation papers perfected for smooth operational take‐off of the subsidiary. He led a profitable organization in Liberia and under him the company won and executed the United Nations In Liberia (UNMIL) first Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) supply contract for Oando Sierra Leone, in Liberia and subsequently won petroleum products supply contracts for UNMIL on behalf of Oando Liberia Inc. He became the Managing Director/CEO of Kingsbury Trading Limited in 2008 where he relied on his leadership skills to grow the company amongst other Oil and Gas companies in the sector. And in 2012 he became the President, Jireh Metering Port Harcourt/Lagos, Nigeria and Calgary, Canada where he is responsible for the provision of profitable overall leadership of the company and overseeing all safety and social performance related functions among others. 46

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Health & Safety Professionals renew calls for safety consciousness at LHF

Story by Dachi Maduako

Years back in 2006, we w e r e o n t h e formulation of the building code and how to have it implemented but unfortunately, not much has come out of it”. “We have been on the building code bill for over 10 years and it is still where it has been. We have professionals in the National Assembly but it all bothers on selﬁshness. L‐R ‐ Ms Moleye Balogun, TPL Moses Ogunleye and representative They should be of Senator Gbenga Ashafa at one of the exhibitors stand, concerned but they are not. The time is now. I believe that with ith the plethora of disasters occurring t he shout from here, the within housing and the environs which have government will listen, the been agitating the minds of the people, p e o p l e w i l l listen, the Lagossians including professionals thronged the Lagos professionals and artisans will Television Blue Roof where the Lagos Housing Fair know their right in the code,” treated them to a six day fair centreing on safety in she said. housing delivery.

Laying his weight on the need to curb unsafe practices in housing, the Lagos State Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Mr. Toyin Ayinde said there was need to have safety in the system until it becomes a national anthem and a code of conduct. He called for collaboration between the ministry and other agencies in having regular checks while buildings are under construction just as he called on the materials testing laboratories to liaise with the Building Control Agency. Flagging off this year's edition of Lagos Housing Fair (LHF), the chairman, Mr. Moses Ogunleye, a Town Planner, said, the focus on safety in housing delivery was hinged on the understanding the importance of the need of saturating the housing sector with the important position of safety in housing from conception, to design and construction. Ogunleye regretted that most of the people involved in the building process including design and construction are not professionals and that despite efforts made by professionals in the industry safety problems still arise including building collapse. He however, noted that much is expected on implementation especially as the National Assembly is trying to pass the bill on the National Building Code. Also speaking, a member of the board of LHF, Alhaja Bolarinwa pointed out the difficulties professionals in the built environment have been encountering saying, “Professionals in the built environment have not been having it easy in terms of the regulation of the industry. infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

Corroborating Bolarinwa's stand, the President of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS), Mr. Muritala Aliyu urged government to commence the enforcement of safety rules in the building and construction industry. According to him, compliance to the laid down rules in the construction industry is the antidote to issues like building collapse which has bedeviled the country. He noted that this is where the problem is and urged government to look into it and ensure that the rules are complied with. Also speaking at the occasion, the Director General of the Standards Organisation of Nigeria, ( S O N ) Dr. Joseph Odumodu called for collaboration between regulatory agencies, the manufacturers and professionals in the industry as a means of checking building collapse in the country. 47

He harped on the need for education on the effects of building collapse on the masses saying all hands must be on deck while professionals must adhere strictly to good ethical and professional practices. He blamed the incessant occurrence on a lot of factors including use of low quality materials, poor work ethics, inadequate enforcement by relevant agencies especially town planning authorities, incompetent contractors, poor supervision at construction site as well as the inglorious practice of building owners to cut corners. In her contribution, the General Manager, Lagos State Building Control Authority, Mrs Abimbola Animashaun‐ Odunayo pointed out the place for soil test before construction. She called for the employment of qualified professionals and contractors who have general contractor insurance as well as ensuring that construction work is certified at every level. She called for a check to the incessant building collapse saying that the country has had enough of it. Giving reasons for the emphasis on safety in housing delivery, the Acting General Manager, Lagos State Radio Service and the Chairman Lagos Housing Fair Board, Ms. Moleye Balogun, said the decision was hinged on the need to beam the searchlight on the implication of safety as it relates to the housing sector. “ We i n t e n d t o d i r e c t t h e attention of the country to matters of safety in all aspects of housing. These include from the period of conception of housing project to design, APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Health & Safety

Professionals renew calls for safety consciousness at LHF

Safety Necessary For Economic Growth

igeria's economic competitiveness at the international level has been hooked up to adoption of global best practices in good governance and occupational safety, health and environment. Rear Admiral Akinsola Johnson, the Commander, Fleet Support Unit of the Nigerian Navy stated this at the opening of the Professional Development Conference and Exhibition of the Nigerian Chapter of the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) held at the Federal Palace Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos in May. The Naval General who was the chairman at the opening ceremony said Nigeria's bid for increase in prosperity and higher indigenous participation in oil and gas as well as shipping industries had contributed to the Gross Domestic Product. In addition, the Federal Government is at present pursuing a policy of industrialization and economic diversiﬁcation. “These laudable national endeavours would require the adoption of global best practices in areas like corporate governance as well as occupational Safety, Health and Environment to enhance the country's international

economic competitiveness,” he said. Admiral Johnson said ASSE Professional Development Conference and Exhibition would ultimately improve occupational Safety, Health and Environment practice in Nigeria. In his keynote address, the Sector Commander of the Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC), called on Nigerians to imbibed safety in all they do to avoid costly effect of not being safety conscious. The representative of the Sector Commander, Mrs. Funilayo Akinlade said that more was expected of ASSE which is committed to managing risk, reducing the frequency of safety failure and ensuring that when it occurs consequence are not life‐threatening by profession. However, consequences that come with ignoring safety cannot be overemphasized as they are in reality costly. ASSE's Nigeria chapter President, Mr. Jeff 'Vwede Obahor said the event which was planned to be annual was aimed at developing the safety industry and profession as towards giving safety a voice in Nigeria and African in general. Mr 'Vwede Obahor said, “As H S E professionals, in our quest for professionalism, improving H S E competency development and awareness anywhere requires enthusiasm, great effort, smart work and

Participants at the Professional Development Conference of ASSE at Federal Palace Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos. infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

By Ngozi Jude

discipline from the dedicated aspiring safety professionals as well as robust government policy with effective and efficient regulatory framework”. He said for ASSE, safety was a way of life adding that the Association believe that it is what drives great economies, protects and maintains the ecosystem, engenders continuity in every life's endeavour just as it is a phenomenon. He said due to this understanding, ASSE Nigerian Chapter, as professional body, cognizant of the overarching importance of safety, decided to replicate in Nigeria, the global professional development conference of ASSE which holds every year in the United States with an average of over 3,500 attendees; to empower our Africa and specifically Nigerian professional colleagues in “giving voice to safety”. Speaking at the occasion, the Senior Vice President of the American Society of Safety Engineers, Michael Belcher, who was in Nigeria to grace the occasion being staged outside the United States for the first time gave a history of A S S E and its activities. According to him, ASSE was founded in 1911 as the United Society of Casualty Inspectors, and now has over 35,000 members in 80 countries, membership consists of 150 chapters, eight regions, 40 sections and 70 students sections provides a dynamic voice for the occupational safety, health and environment profession by providing advocacy, education and standard development and by promoting the expertise, leadership and commitment of its members. Belcher noted that ASSE's professional development programmes are reviewed and accredited by the International Association for Continued Education and Training (IACET). ASSE is administrator of the U.S. Technical Advisory Group to the International Organization for Standard on fall protection and risk management. ASSE members also serve on more than 40 safety and APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Banking & Finance

Lagos links HOMS to Mortgage Property Law

By Ngozi Jude

The largest four locations were Abesan, Isolo, Amuwo Odoﬁn and Iba. Mrs. Adefulire explained that the Lagos State initiative, the Home Project is going on in about 16 locations across the state such as Ojokoro, Sogunro‐ikeja, Choice Gardens, Abijo, Lekki, Sangotedo, Eti‐Osa, Epe, Odo‐Ayandelu Agbowa, among others.

eputy Governor of Lagos State, Mrs. Adejoke Orelope Adefulire has linked the new housing policy of Lagos State Government, the Lagos Home Ownership Mortgage Scheme to its Mortgage Property Law (MPL) that was signed into law in 2010. Mrs. Adefulire disclosed this at the recent Lagos State chapter of the Nigerian Institute of Architects Forum held at Eko Hotel and Suites, Victoria Island, Lagos. The theme was “Architecture, Real Estate and Development”. The Deputy Governor who was represented by the Permanent Secretary of Town Planning and Urban Development, Arc Oluwatoyin Ajayi said the Mortgage Property Law was innovative in several ways. It created the Lagos State Mortgage Board (LMB) and vested it with the powers to generate a conducive environment for mortgage lending and articulate all Lagos State Government Mortgage Scheme and Policies. She explained that by 2010, there was clearly a substantial gap in the supply and demand of affordable housing stock in Lagos State. This was so even though successive governments and private property investors have been developing housing and real estates. The demands she said had continued to outweigh supply, largely because of the lack of access to affordable mortgage finance. She however, said that Lagos State had a long history of affordable housing programme, between 1979 and 1983 when the State Government provided low and medium cost houses in different locations across the state.

She said in the area of urban regeneration, Lagos State had commenced the regeneration plan for burnt properties on Ojo‐Giwa/Okoya street in Lagos Island which was caused by the ﬁre incidents of the December 26th, 2012. “This involves pulling all the small plot together for a meaningful redevelopment to enhance the functionality of the area” she added. She listed some other housing projects of the state to include the development of princess, Aroloya, and Anikantamo street, whilst the phase one of the redevelopment of the Isale Gangon is at advanced stage. “These are all in line with the Lagos West strategic plan , she said. According to her, the relocation of Oko‐Oba saw millers at Ebute‐Metta to Agbowa‐Ikosi is also progessing as the relocation project is at advanced stage. When the relocation is completed the existing area would be redeveloped. She called on the architects to tap into the investment opportunities the state is providing with well conceived, time tested designs; and bring up innovations in Urban Development and Real Estate. Mrs. Adefulire enjoined architects , professionals and people of Lagos State to get acquainted with the laws of the State that govern development such as; Lagos State Model City Development law 2009, Physical Planning , Urban Development, Urban Regeneration and Building Control law 2010, Lagos State Public Private Partnership law 2011, Lagos State Emergency Management Agency Law 2008, Lagos Special People law 2010, Lagos State Safety Commission Law 2011, Lagos State Commission Law 2011, and the Lagos State Building and Civil Engineering (construction) Material Quality. 50 3

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Facility Management

Lagos gives verve to Facility Management

agos State Government has restated its commitment to the institution of a regime of regular maintenance of Infrastructure assets having commenced the regular maintenance of its health and educational facilities. Speaking at the First stakeholders forum of the Oﬃce Facility Management and Maintenance (OFMM) the General Manger of the organisation, Ms. Adenike Adekanbi, noted that the establishment of the Oﬃce is to give verve to regime of proper maintenance. According to her, the forum is held to provide a platform for engagement with all the contractors doing business with the State Government. She added that the meeting is to review the innovation and sustainable manner being currently adopted. In his presentation, the Chairman, Lagos Public Works Corporation Mr. Gbenga Akintola, noted that there has been a progressive increase in the capacity of the corporation to maintain Lagos roads. He disclosed that over 1400 roads are projected to be

maintained in the current year. He stated that the establishment of Asphalt plants at Imota and Badagry is to enable the corporation respond promptly to maintenance responsibilities that it has.

regular maintenance of electrical equipment especially generating sets at least 200 hours minimum interval.

A former President of International Facility Management Association (IFMA), Mr. S.O Jagun, admonished that all hands must be on deck to ensure a beautiful working environment. He therefore, advised organizations to He urged the populace to embrace have communication plan to know a culture of public ownership of who is in charge in case of service facilities. He added that tar cut, rendering and emergency. activities of car wash operators, mechanics and the burning of tyres He encouraged the use of backup and cooking on roads are habits for appliances such as computer that shorten the lifespan of public and electricity, urging emergency infrastructure. preparedness. He enjoined Facility Management Practitioners to ensure that their statistics are Also, the General Manager, Lagos State Electricity Board, Mrs. always right thereby saving money, Damilola Ogunbiyi, urged people to adding that health and safety issues conserve energy and power by must be taken into consideration. switching off unused appliances while also encouraging people to A representative of Deux Project cultivate the habit of using energy Limited, Mr. Kayode Jegede while speaking on experience as facility saving bulbs. Management Contractor with Lagos State Government stated She advised people to regularly do that delivery of infrastructure does a general audit of energy they not end with commissioning alone consume as this will help to save but must include appropriation of resources. She therefore, enjoined necessary budget and staff for its organizations to work flexibly by maintenance and operation. He appointing energy officers who will noted that maintenance is meant to be notifying people of switching off ensure a quality lifespan of an asset unused appliances. She also urges including standard and quality

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

51 3 APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Building & Construction ‐Dachi Maduako

Harness unutilised pension funds, others to real estate – AHCN The Association of Housing Corporations of Nigeria (AHCN) has identified the existence of untapped resources and funds running into trillions of Naira lying fallow in pension and insurance funds as well as unclaimed dividends and other related instruments that could be harnessed to the real estate sector. To harness such funds, the association called on member organizations to adopt pragmatic actions to reposition the Association to access funds for housing development from the capital market. The AHCN who also used the occasion of the conference and workshop to celebrate the 50th year anniversary of the organisation noted that the existing funding arrangements for the provision of housing in Nigeria is grossly inadequate and called for the establishment of a Housing Intervention Fund that will solve the problem of finance and compliment the National Housing Fund to fast track housing development in the country. However, the association commended the recent establishment of the Nigerian Mortgage Refinance Corporation (N M R C) which provides avenue to channel long term funds to the mortgage market. The meeting therefore implores government to urgently put in place all necessary parameters that will ensure the take‐off of the NMRC in earnest. Apart from these sources of funding, they pointed out that other opportunities untapped by them exist including the availability of offshore funding for housing delivery and its attendant challenges. They however regretted that this has remained untapped because of collateral and bank guarantee which are the main issues affecting smooth access to such offshore funding in the recent past. They, therefore, called on government to support their housing agencies to provide government guarantee to access offshore funding for housing

development and implored all housing agencies to explore the usage of instruments such as bond, stocks, mutual funds, insurance policies, Gold certificates, corporate guarantee which are accepted by some lenders to secure offshore funding. In a communiqué issued at the end of the two day programme, AHCN also charged their members to look towards cooperative and social housing as veritable tools of eliminating homelessness and reducing housing deficit in Nigeria. They urged their members and on all stake holders in the real estate sector to take advantage of this avenue through public private partnership to provide affordable housing for the people. The communiqué signed by the President of the association and the Secretary, Dr. Ifenna Chukwujekwu and Arc. D.A.. Har‐ Yusuph respectively, lamented that the member organisations are yet to fully realize their potential in carrying out their statutory responsibility in providing housing thereby reducing housing deficit in Nigeria. The meeting therefore, called on all state governments to give their housing corporations adequate support to enable them discharge their statutory responsibilities of housing production. On mass housing, the members identified Public Private Partnership (PPP) as a veritable tool that ensures qualitative, efficient and effective mass housing delivery in a global economic recession and enjoined the three tiers of Government and housing agencies to be proactive and take advantage of the PPP to increase housing stock in Nigeria. They therefore, called on all state governments to provide the enabling and conducive environment for a private sector driven housing provision through the concept for the success of the ongoing housing reforms. They also identified the major problems of housing which included lack of political will commitment to invest in housing as

well as lack of holistic approach to housing matters. These they stated give rise to lack of finance, high cost of building materials and high infrastructural development cost. They therefore, called for sustainable strategies that would increase the housing stock for affordable home ownership for Nigerians. The AHCN members decried lack of commitment and interest in housing provision by some state governments as the major reason for non‐functionality of most state housing agencies in recent time and called on all state governments to support and back their state housing agencies in providing needed guarantee to raise funds for mass housing development. They commended the efforts of Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (N B R R I) for their breakthrough in material development bringing about reduction in cost of housing production through the use of local building materials and called on government to create awareness, sensitize and encourage people to embrace NBRRI technology in housing production by patronizing local building materials in majority of the national housing programs and schemes. The Association rounded off her Golden Jubilee anniversary with Merit awards to some distinguished Nigerians and organizations that have contributed to the development of the housing sector in Nigeria for the past years. Among the recipients were two Governors including Governor Godswill Akpabio of Akwa Ibom State and Governor Olusegun Mimiko of Ondo State. The others were Chief Samuel Fadahunsi, Mr. S.P.O. Fortune Ebie, Prof. Akin Mabogunje, Brig. Gen. Patrick Olatunde Reis (rtd), Lagos State Development and Property Corporation, Arc. (Mrs) Olubukunola Ejiwunmi, Guardian Newspaper, Brunel Construction, Aso Savings and Loans Plc, and Shelter Origins.

53 3 infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Building & Construction

FG seeks Surveyors involvement in Infrastructure master plan Nigerian surveyors have been challenged to add value to the Nigerian system by joining hands with the Federal Government to realize the Infrastructure Master Plan recently embarked upon by the government. The call was made by the Minister of Works, Arc Mike Onolememen at the commissioning of the Surveyors Tower at Victoria Island, Lagos. Onolememen who was represented by the Minister of State for Works, Amb. Bashir Yugudu called for the support and participation of the Nigerian Institution of Surveyors in infrastructure development. He explained that the idea behind the 30 year Infrastructure Master Plan which was meant to commence in 2014 is to coordinate the infrastructure sector into one umbrella. He further explained that lots of demands are on the part of the government whereas the government cannot do it alone. He therefore, solicited the cooperation of the professionals. The President, Nigerian Institution of Surveyors, Surv. Bode Adeaga said the thought of having a structure like this (self built) to be known as N I S National Secretariat started about 47 years ago when Surv. Adekunle O. Kukoyi applied for allocation central Lagos for the building of NIS National Secretariat but the application was not successful. He made other eﬀorts to get a national Secretariat for them including the leasing of a building at No. 8 Montgomery Road, Yaba as the National Secretariat among others that led to the allocation of PC 1 Engineering Close in 1979.

The Surveyors Tower

He further explained that due to the inability of the institution to raise fund through levy/subscription led to the idea of raising a private developer, HFP Engineering Nig. Ltd develop the building. The initial intention of a four storey building was changed by the developers who changed the design to a seven storey building The initial agreement with HFP led to NIS occupying 25 per cent of a ﬂoor while H F P would manage the building for 20 years after completion. The ediﬁce was completed in 1991 with N I S becoming tenant landlord for 20years. The rehabilitation of the structure became necessary because at the point of handover it was a mere carcass and internal alternatives by various tenants and vandalisation had taken place. Thus, at the NIS General Assembly meeting at Kwara 2012 the house gave a marching order to the board of trustees and incoming Executive to explore means of raising fund for the rehabilitation of the building.

Chairman Board of Trustees, Nigeria Institution Surveyors Prof. Francis A. Fajemirokun said the building was renamed Surveyors' Tower to indicate unambiguously the ownership. Prof. Fajemirokun explained that the long period of vacating the premises was followed by a period when no one appeared to be in charge and during which suspected hoodlums had a ﬁeld day further vandalizing the building. He further explained that the Presidency of Surv. Maikano then put in motion the procedure to rehabilitate the building so that it can be let out. The NIS Council approved the appointment of M.I.Okoro and Associates, an Estate Surveyors and Valuers Firm to see to the rehabilitation and subsequent management of the building. The Board of Tr u s t e e s w a s a t t h i s s t a g e brought into the picture and several meetings were held and the Valuers gave the cost of renovating and refurbishing the building at close of N250 million.

54 3 infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Building & Construction

igerian architects under the aegis of their registration board, Architects Registration Council of Nigeria (ARCON) and the Nigerian Institute of Architects (NIA) have advocated for the periodic review of the Abuja master plan every five to 10 years. The call is a fall out from this year's Architects colloquium held at Shehu Musa Yar'Adua Centre, Abuja. The architects reasoned that the Abuja master plan should be subjected to periodic reviews every five – 10 years, to effectively accommodate evolving needs of the Federal Capital Territory. They also pointed out the steps that need to be taken to ensure they get to the solutions of problems that revolve around planning issues in the city. These steps if taken by government should lead to the setting up of Abuja Development Review Committee that will involve all stake holders to analyse development flaws, and proffer appropriate solutions for implementation. “For Abuja to remain the National “Dream City”, it must accommodate our positive diversities, serve the need of the people and provide opportunities for all Nigerians to have a sense of belonging, hence; efforts must be made to ensure compliance with the basic principles of planned growth for cleanliness, orderliness and sustainability” they said. The colloquium which was the seventh in the series also raised the need for government at all levels to create and adopt policies which would favour urban renewal that would preserve the cultural heritage of any city that will undergo such urban renewal. In such renewals advocated, the architects called for the adoption of rehabilitation and remodelling of old cities in place of demolition in order to achieve urban renewal. They explained that “Urban renewal development is aimed at achieving a monumental socio‐economic improvement that will guarantee healthy public spaces for all inhabitants and improve image /aesthetics of the city, while the principle should lean towards integration of traditional settlement settings; rather than displacement or total relocation”. The colloquium called for collaboration by all allied professionals in the industry noting that Urban Renewal process could best be guaranteed, through collaboration by all the

Architects advocate periodic review of Abuja Master Plan professionals in the built environment. The architects warned on the effects of climate change and the need for professionals to incorporate sustainable green buildings in the system. According to them, “there is a strong and positive correlation between the economic activities of mankind within the built environment and the adverse effect of climate on the physical environment, therefore, the professionals should be empowered by relevant Government policies to achieve sustainable built environment”. In a communiqué issued at the end of the colloquium and signed by the Director of the colloquium, Arc. Jimoh Faworaja the architects pointed out that the concept and process of sustainable green building incorporate and integrate variety of strategies during design, construction and operation of building projects adding that the use of building materials and products represent an important strategy for sustainable development. The colloquium called on Nigerian Government to install and improve on basic infrastructure in slum areas to create linkages to the Cities, and develop affordable measures for upgrading housing and unsustainable environmental conditions. They also made a case for improved energy supply by promoting non renewable sources of energy, saying, “For the Nigerian built environment to achieve an acceptaable level of sustainability, the Nigerian government and all other

relevant professional bodies should form a core foundation group with the ultimate aim of promoting Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems and Renewable Energy Technology”. The use of the Photovoltaic systems and renewable energy if harmonized properly, they explained would lead to increase in power generation and save cost in generating same, and make up for the large short fall while curtailing over‐ dependence on fossil fuel and non‐renewable sources of energy. When adopted, that will eventually be the major source of energy in the entire nation. For these recommendations to be actualized, they said there was an ardent need to address the short fall of the employment of Architects at the Federal level, State as well as all the 774 Local Government Areas in Nigeria, for sustainable urban renewal. Participants were drawn from Ministries (Federal and State), Extra Ministerial Departments, Agencies and the Armed Forces, Universities, Polytechnics, National Universities Commission (NUC), Colleges of Education, National Board for Technical Education (NBTE),Nigerian Institute of Architects (NIA), Allied Professionals and their Regulatory Bodies, Architects in practice (public and private), Association of Professional Bodies of Nigeria ( A P B N ), Professionals from the International Community, Students of Architecture, Architects in Diaspora and members of the public. Story by Dachi Maduako

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

55 3

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Building & Construction

FG, Lagos ﬂex muscles reaching its dizzy heights over Ilubirin land unarguably informed the decision of LOVET OKONOBOH, Reports

ousing as one of the most essential needs of man has become a high demanding commodity all around the world that it now occupies one of the high priority points in the governments' shopping list everywhere in the world. The performance levels of Governments have been judged by the provision of this essential social commodity. Their responsive level to the provision the essential necessities of life has always been articulated along this line. For Lagos State, the new housing scheme she is embarking on, the Ilubirin Residential Scheme is one of such housing schemes that that under normal circumstance should stand out to favour his government and party politically as it favours the people who would beneﬁt from it. When Governor Babatunde Fashola of Lagos state announced sometimes ago that some of the drabbest parts of the state would become the housing of tomorrow he spoke with almost biblical certainty.

the Lagos state Government to embark on the building of prototype multiple housing units under the Lagos Home Ownership Mortgage Scheme (Lagos HOMS) including Ilubinrin Foreshore. The housing scheme is named after a community which has existed at Lagos Island for years with majority of its dwellers as women. It is nestled on a vantage position from the Third Mainland Bridge from Ikoyi, Ilubirin and it is bounded by Obalende to the right side, by the Third Mainland Bridge to the left. Behind the community is 'Isale‐Eko' on Lagos Island. Between the bridge and the lagoon is this expanse of land reclaimed by Lagos State government a decade ago from what used to be the foreshores of the Lagos Lagoon. The area where the scheme is located had been lying fallow since its reclamation 10 years ago. However, its location is such that anyone entering Lagos Island from the Third Mainland Bridge is attracted to it. So, when completed, would enhance the political scorecard of the government that built it.

Though his statement created remarkably little interest amongst many Lagosians, the government realized that the crucial ingredient for the long term success of the state is the development of housing and business environment that encourages people to move and live in any part of the State. Massive investment in infrastructure in the metropolis has transformed the state as a balanced and vibrant mega city.

It may be that based on this the housing scheme has today, become an object of muscle flexing between two key political figures in the two political parties in the state, that is, Governor Babatunde Fashola of All Progressive Congress (APC) and the Minister of State for Defence, Senator Musiliu Obanikoro of the People Democratic Party (PDP), has become very popular even when the project is just taking off.

Infrastructure Quarterly learnt that private residential buildings boom with residential apartments' sale

Recently, the project was enmeshed in controversy when Senator Musliu Obanikoro paid a working visit to

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

57 3

the site with his security aides. An action detested by the state government. The state governor sensing foul play wondered why the minister would storm the site in company of soldiers, and ordered immediate halt of construction work on site. Stoking embers of controversy, the minister argued that he has every right as a Lagosian to visit the site, saying the original reclamation of the lagoon that created the Ilubirin housing site was illegal. He argued that the Nigerian Inland Waterway Act of 1997, sections 10, 11, 12 and 13 made the activity illegal without the approved consent of the Nigerian Inland Waterway Authority (NIWA). According to him, “I doubt if such approval exists for the dredging of the lagoon ﬂoor to ﬁll a part of the same lagoon by the State government. Given the commencement of development on that land by the State government, it is clear who the land grabber is. My worry is on the safety and the appropriateness of the reclaimed land for mass housing. “Mass housing is for middle and low‐ income earners who depend largely on the government to ensure and protect them against environmental hazards and natural occurrences. Is it for these people that the Lagos State government plans homes for on a reclaimed lagoon land. “I have spoken to experts on matters of reclaimed land and related environmental hazards in relation to this land. None of them have seen the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the Ilubirin development, nor the protection plan against rise in water levels.

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Building & Construction

FG, Lagos ﬂex muscles over Ilubirin land

“There are existing allegations by researchers that the reclamation of Ilubirin is contributory to flooding in areas of Lagos Island. In other words, a comprehensive EIA with stakeholders' approval is sacrosanct to the development of that land. The question is, did Lagos State government get such before the commencement of the development on that land? “The electricity cables used to be in the middle of the water. While I recognize that it is usually difficult to enforce the legal setbacks for development around such high‐ tension cables in Nigeria, it is disturbing to see Lagos State government in the process of violating such setbacks. “This would compromise the safety of lives and property of proposed residents of the estate when completed. I am particularly worried that in the usual Lagos State Government manner of flouting laws and disregarding necessary approval processes, it may have failed to conduct proper due diligence on the implications of the project before commencing development. “The question of affordability of homes built on reclaimed land is apparent. In this regard, who are the proposed houses targeted at. Families living in the densely populated areas of the state need affordable houses. And affordable housing communities, the world over, are located on land and not on the water”. Obanikor counseled the state government to focus on redesigning and redeveloping the existing Jakande estates into modern high‐rise buildings, to generate homes in multiples for residents rather than embarking on the building of 1,254 flats targeted at super rich.

Obanikoro challenged Lagos State government to make the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and other necessary approvals on the Ilubirin development public if it existed for all to see and evaluate. In a swift reaction, the Lagos State Government said the Minister of State for Defence Senator Musliu Obanikoro lied against the state government on construction of Ilubirin Housing scheme, describing the minister's comments as completely false and misleading. The State Commissioner for Housing, Mr. Bosun Jeje said contrary to the minister's claims the state government carried out EIA on the site before it sand filled the construction site and left it for over 10 years in conformity with the global standard before commencing construction work on the site. "The law stipulates that if one is working on that type of site, after sand filling, he must allow the sand to settle for 10 years; that is what the EIA said. And that was what we did before the construction work." The Commissioner described the allegation as figment of the minister's imagination, saying the state government will present it to whoever requests for it. "I cannot remember as the commissioner for Housing in Lagos state when anyone has come forward to my ministry to demand for the EIA. But for them to have said that we do not have EIA, it is just figment of imagination of whoever must have said that. Anyone who desireso have the EIA, should visit our ministry, we will work out on how he gets the EIA,” he said. He pointed out that it was unfortunate that the minister dabbled into housing matters when he should be concerned with insecurity challenges in the country.

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

58 3

The commissioner urged the minister to focus more on the insecurity issues rocking the country rather than embarking on needless controversies for political reasons. "I must say that it was an unfortunate incident that happened at Ilubirin. This is where we intend to develop 1254 units and which we have started. The visit of the minister of state for defense to the Ilubirin housing estate calls for concerns for the entire country. “ The first thing that amazed us was the intention of the minister of state for Defence with housing matters which should have been referred to relevant agencies. But if a minister can come with military officers to disrupt operation, it calls for concern not only for Lagos state but also for the entire nation". The commissioner said the state contractor had resumed work on site following outcry by concerned citizens, pointing out that the project would solve the problem of house deficit when completed. The Ilubinrin Foreshore is being built on the state government sand filled land perfectly done by construction giant, Julius Berger Plc and has a 66 blocks of housing with 1254 units of green buildings designed to improve livability of prospective occupants. The housing scheme being constructed in Ilubirin, a former floating community on Lagos lagoon is complimented with high quality infrastructure comprising of sewage treatment plant, drainage, road and car parks, handy shops and Laundromat. Other facilities include water treatment plant, street lighting, central gas supply, independent power supply system.

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Building & Construction

FG, Lagos ﬂex muscles over Ilubirin land

Architects ruminate on ethical standards in building

igerian Architects have been advised to earn and sustain the trust of the general public and governments through impeccable maintenance of its ethical standards and also advocate for standardization and licensure of all building professionals across the country. Dr Maurice C. Ngwaba, Assistant Vice President for Administration and Director of Facilities at the University of Maryland, USA stated this at the Lagos Architects forum LAF 5.0 which was organized by the Nigerian Institute of Architects Lagos State chapter. The theme for this year's forum was Architecture, Real Estate and Development. It held at the Expo Centre of the Eko Hotel & Suites, Victoria Island, Lagos. Dr. Ngwaba who was the keynote speaker said this year's conference theme focused on Architecture, and the Synergy with Urban Design and Real Estate Development noting that these were vehicles to creating sustainable livable cities that have vibrant economies. He said that by this Nigerian architects have shown their commitment to continuously equip themselves to serve the Nigerian citizenry in creating enduring environments that will sustain its development and the advancement of the people's quality of life. He said the training and standardization of the building industry professionals should be a requirement for contractors, building inspectors, trades, manufacturers, and artisans, who are entrusted in creating our environment. “This approach should not be a clog in the wheel of progress, rather a sign of continuous improvement in us and in our society. It will elevate our country in many ways than one” he said. Dr. Ngwaba further said that the Architect should lead the project delivery processes in infrastructure development through the display of their ethical standards and the use of the professions managerial, planning, design and construction administration skills. He pointed out that it is mostly done in the U.S and some western countries. Dr. Ngwaba also commended the institute on their passion about their professional infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

obligations, doing the right things and creating environments that are sustainable and yet proﬁtable for investors and real estate developers. “You have committed yourselves to designing environments that have the best regard for the people utilizing the best principles of the new urbanism, smart growth, and sustainable planning and design standards,” he said.

The Deputy Governor of Lagos State Mrs Adejoke Orelope Adefulire also noted that the choice of the theme was very apt and in consonance with the thoughts and initiative of the Lagos State Government as the State embarks on the Lagos Home Ownership Mortgage Scheme which is a purposely designed model of affordable housing that is safe and secure for its populace. Mrs. Adefulire said that in view of this, architects should be ready to tap into investment opportunities by bringing to bear a well conceived time tested designs, bring up innovations in urban development and real estate. In order to achieve the aim of this theme, she charged the organizers and participants to deeply ruminate and evolve lasting means for safe, secure designs, collaborate and key into the Lagos State initiatives. She also emphasized the need to pursue through a financial system and a more acceptable mortgage finance percentage that will make real estate development attractive to investors and designers. President, Nigerian Institute of Architects, Arc Waheed N Brimmo said It was commendable that LAF had metamorphosed over the years to a one‐stop event that caters for holistic professional development comparable to similar ones anywhere in the world. Mr. Brimmo said LAF could be classified as a Five‐star Continuous Development Program (Exhibitions/ Exposition Exchanges / Exploration and Excursion). “It needs be clearly stated that our mission statement as an Institute is the mobilization of informed membership for quality service and LAF has consistently fulfilled this mission” he said. He said that in the past decade Real Estate has impacted architecture dramatically in Nigeria beyond the wildest dreams of most 60 3

practitioners. He said the National Executive Council was committed to promoting Continuous Professional Development programs that would make every member meet all demands. This is a task that both the State Chapters and the national body must be committed to, he said.

The Lagos State chapter Chairman Arc ladipo Lewis in his welcome address said the Lagos Architect Forum 2014 which is the 5th Anniversary and the 6th event in the series was aimed at striving further and to achieve heights, taking advantage of the immense opportunities available in the City of Lagos. Arc. Lewis stated that an important part of their goals is to continuously raise standards', set new design and quality benchmarks in the architectural profession, adding that they would test new ways of working, promote innovations, and adopt new concepts, knowledge and excellence whilst meeting the demands of the challenging ﬁnancial climate. He added that, key to this is an evaluation of current legislation on planning, approval processes and regulations which they need as a guide to developing a ﬁrst class city.

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Building & Construction

Roads & Bridges

It was indeed a second coming for the Second Niger Bridge at Onitsha when on Monday March 10th, 2014, Nigeria's President, Goodluck Ebele Jonathan flagged off the commencement of the construction of the bridge across River Niger at Onitsha and Asaba ends of the river. Former President of the country, Chief Olusegun Obasanjo had during his tenure flagged off the bridge in what seemed to be a political game that did not materialize after all. The River Niger itself covers thousands of kilometers from its source at the Fouta Djalon Mountains in Guinea near the borders with Sierra Leone from where it cascades and meanders through several West African countries to Nigeria. It flows north‐east from its source but then turns and flows south‐east. It has two deltas‐ the Inner Niger Delta and the Niger Delta. The Inner delta is giant flood plains in Mali while the Niger delta, is a river that splits into many small rivers just before entering the Gulf of Guinea. This is one of the world's largest deltas. From its source in Guinea, the River Niger runs eastwards through Benin, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria. It is stated that the source is an almost 90‐ degree turn south, to the Gulf of Guinea. The Niger is the world's 11th‐

‐Second Coming of the Second Niger Bridge

longest river covering a distance of about 2,590 miles or 4,183 kilometers and is the largest river in western Africa. By the time it hits its present location for bridging, it is nearing the creeks and ready to empty into the Atlantic Ocean.

'Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior of Africa' to discover the course of the River Niger. Having achieved a degree of fame from his ﬁrst trip, carried out alone and on foot, he returned to Africa with a party of 40 Europeans, all of whom lost their lives in the adventure”. He was born in 1771 in Scotland and died in 1806 at Bussa Rapids, New Bussa now under the Kainji Reservior, a major power generation centre in Nigeria.

As for the importance of the River Niger to the people of Nigeria, it serves a multi‐purpose use both to the people to whom it meant a source of economic income through ﬁshing activities to the fertilization of the ﬂood plains for good farming as well as means of communication to the people who travelled to far distance with their products as a trading route. This was well utilized by the European colonial masters who established trading out‐posts along the route with such companies as the Royal Niger Company dominating. This company thrived to transform to present day United African Company (UACN) Plc.

About bridges across the River Niger. Apart from Onitsha where there exists an old steel bridge across the River Niger to the Asaba end, there are other locations where bridges have been built along the route in Nigeria. Up North, there are two other bridges across the Niger including one at Jebba linking Kwara and Niger states. The other bridge is at Kotonkarﬁ near Lokoja, the conﬂuence town where the River Niger links with the River Benue.

Though the river existed before the advent of the white man into the sub‐ Saharan Africa, elementary history has it that the source of this river in the heart of West Africa, was discovered by Mongo Park. However, the story about him says that “Mungo Park, a Scottish surgeon and explorer, was sent out by the

Down South the River's ﬁrst bridge is the Onitsha steel bridge connecting to Asaba. Downstream towards the coastline, it is further bridged at Patani (Pategi) and further at Bomade. It is worthy to note that the river branches into smaller rivers at the creeks until it empies into the Bight of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean.

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

61 3

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

‐Roads & Bridges

‐Second Coming of the Second Niger Bridge

The story of the Second Niger Bridge runs through the past 22 years when the then military President of the country, Gen. Ibrahim Babangida (Rtd) tasked the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) with the challenge of designing and building a second bridge across the Niger at Onitsha. The NSE executives had paid the then President a courtesy visit in 1992 where they complained against the neglect of indigenous engineers by the government who had preferred foreign ﬁrms for award of contracts at their expense. The engineers had received this as a welcome challenge and set to work through their consulting ﬁrm – the NSE Prelms. The design work was done and submitted to the then Minister of Works and Housing, Late Maj. Gen. Mamman Kontagora (Rtd). As at that time the cost was estimated to be N1.2 billion. But as time dragged on things began to change. Kontagora, a Nigerian Army engineer (electrical engineer) was reputed as a core professional. He had good rapport with the professional bodies in the built environment and a good understanding with the engineers until he was moved to the Ministry of the Federal Capital Territory. From then on controversies began to trail the project especially when the Five

Cowrie Creek Bridge in Lagos collapsed in 1994. The then minister of Works and Housing Alhaji Lateef Jakande b e c a m e hesitant on who would build the bridge as he would not want a bridge that would be built only to collapse. This drew the ire of the engineers who hit back. To reach a compromise, they were asked to do a working drawing including a rail line across the bridge which they also did and submitted. Going by the then design, the bridge was to be located about 50 meters south of the current one and had a bye pass that would come up at Oba to connect Onitsha Owerri road. By this, the traﬃc jam that characterised the Upper Iweka in Onitsha would be cut oﬀ.

Building & Construction the bridge giving rise to fears of possible collapse. The Second Niger Bridge at its first coming Shortly before he left office in 2007, the former President, Olusegun Obasanjo flagged off the Second Niger Bridge and the cost was put at N58 billion. Well, as usual the people rejoiced over this unseen and unrealistic gift. The announcement of the flagging off came barely five days to his leaving office. This some said, was unbecoming of a nation's leadership. In line with this Obasanjo's game plan, the governments of Anambra and Delta States were to contribute a counterpart funding to the project to the tune of N10 billion respectively. The problem was not on the willingness of the two states to be involved but it turned out to be a hoax because no contract to that effect was awarded. The Second Coming of the Second Niger Bridge

The River Niger Bridge at Onitsha The River Niger Bridge at Onitsha is about 50 years old as it was constructed by the first civilian administration during the first republic. The construction was started in 1964 and was completed in 1965, by a French construction firm, Dumez, at the cost of 5 million pounds. The two ends of the bridge are Onitsha and Asaba, a twin city though in Anambra and Delta States respectively. It has served people from the two divide and linking other parts of the country including the South East geo‐political zone, the South South and the North uninterruptedly until the Nigerian civil war when part of it at the Onitsha end was blown up by the Biafran soldiers. This was later reconstructed. But a time came when a lot of alarm was raised as to the structural stability of

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

62 3

It was a near carnival but for security reasons, the plan of the then Governor Peter Obi of Anambra State who had only seven days to leave office could not hold. Obi had planned to close down the Onitsha Main Market to enable the traders troop out in their numbers to welcome the President to the epoch making event. He regretted this saying that they knew how they handle security issues. Coming to the event, the organizers had chosen their words right possibly to avoid mix up with the first one of Olusegun Obasanjo. So, the one for President Goodluck Jonathan was tagged Ground Breaking for the Second Niger Bridge as against the flagging off done by the APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

‐Roads & Bridges

‐Second Coming of the Second Niger Bridge

former President Obasanjo. The event took place at the site of the proposed bridge which is 1.7 kilometers away from the old bridge down south of the present one on the way towards Ogbaru. Outside the venue were dance troops who kept dancing even while the programme was going on at the enclosure. Obi frowned seriously on the venue of the event saying the ceremony would have been better held outside where the people would have a better feel of their President. How the people see the Second Niger Bridge Peter Obi Said he, “You have made us the South East to be part of Nigeria. Without you, we would not have given Ojukwu the kind of National burial the way we had it. Zik was not given a beﬁtting burial or even a resting place but today you are doing it. You have done us great with this second Niger Bridge. Earlier, we, Anambra and Delta States were asked to contribute N10 billion each but you waived it for us, We also asked for a contractor we have

confidence in and not every Dick , Tom and Harry to bid and you gave it to us”. This indeed expresses how the average Igboman thinks towards the gesture made by the president on ensuring the realization of the Second Niger Bridge. They link it to everything that identifies the Igboman. Emmanuel Uduaghan Governor Emmanuel Uduaghan of Delta State who is a co‐host of the bridge paid glowing tributes to the President saying that the project was very significant to the people of the South‐South and the South‐East. He thanked the president for his commitment to the construction and assured of the safety of the construction workers so that the project would be completed on record time. Theodore Orji Also speaking at the occasion, the Governor of Abia State, Theodore Orji saw the ground breaking programme as a real practice of democracy which he said was all about people. “What you are doing today is a recurring decimal. Today, you are making history by having contact with people. The bridge is important to us including the

Building & Construction Onitsha‐Enugu expressway, Enugu‐Port Harcourt Expressway, and Onitsha‐Owerri e x p r e s s w a y . We w a n t t h e President to have faith in the people. The South East will be there for him,” he said. Ngozi Okonjo Iweala This bridge means more than economic gains to me on a personal note. The first bridge is the bridge that cements a love story. It is the bridge that brought Umuda Isingwu in Umuahia, Abia State where my husband comes and Ogwashuku where I was born as one. It brought my husband and I together in marriage. Hon. Ogbuefi Ozo Mgbachi After the ground breaking there shall be an outburst of jubiliation from Apo in Abuja to Sabongari in Kano; from Onitsha Main Market to Ariara Market, Aba. It took you to give us the Enugu International Airport. This will bring an end to the sufferings of our people and will enhance commerce.

The President ﬂagging oﬀ the second Niger Bridge Project at Onitsha (inset showing the pilling machine being switched on by the President).

64 3 infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

‐Roads & Bridges

‐Second Coming of the Second Niger Bridge

Building & Construction

Sen. Ayogu Eze The war ended on a note of no victor, no vanquished but went ahead with the three Rs – Reconciliation, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation. Those words had remained mere slogans until today. Our people have not forgotten that since after the war, it took you to give us the first IGP and COAS. People have come and flagged off this bridge and nothing happened, but today something is happening. Emeka Ihedioha What we are seeing today underscores the importance of this bridge to us as a people. The responsibility of speaking on this lies on the House Committee on Works. By this is the cementing of the reintegrating us with the rest of Nigeria. With N40 billion already down for the bridge, what is left to be done is to ensure it is completed on time with the full support of the legislators. This will flag off your campaign from the South East. Ike Ekweremadu This ground breaking event for the Second Niger Bridge today shows uncommon commitment. We are lucky to have in our time this infrastructural revelation. You are changing the face of our airports and our rail services are picking up with services now on Kano – Lagos while that of Eastern Division is coming up. There are few achievements in infrastructure and whatever you are not able to achieve in this tenure, you will in the next. Speaking at the occasion, the Managing Director of Julius Berger Nigeria PLC, Mr. Wolfgang Goetsch noted with happiness the involvement of his company as a partner with the Government of Nigeria as the company was involved in the rebuilding of the bridge after the Nigerian civil war. Part of the bridge was bombed during the war. That was 45 years ago. To get to this point he noted that it was two years ago when the company indicated interest through a bid and was declared the preferred bidder. He

promised that the company would stop at nothing to build the bridge. He pledged not to compromise quality as they would work day and night to complete the work on time. The President had noted that the ground breaking ceremony was a fulﬁllment of his earlier promise in August 2012 when he commission the Onitsha Inland dredging and promised that he would bring the bridge to a reality. He noted that the bridge would connect Onitsha main market with Ariara Market Aba and Nnewi industrial hub. The President also revealed that his government has also concluded plan to construct another bridge – the Owote bridge to link Anambra and Enugu. Both bridges are to be tolled. He listed the gains of the bridge noting that it would go a long way to alleviate the pains experienced by travelers especially during festive periods and enhanced communication and road transport between South East and South West and boost the economy through commerce and industry activities. The President assured that the government had done its homework well before arriving where they are. “We laid a lot of foundations for such a major project as this to take oﬀ. Proper

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

65 3

arrangement on ﬁnancial back up has been made to ensure that it does not become another white elephant project. The Federal Government is providing about 25 per cent of the total contract sum and the money is available and to last up to one year,” he said. He said the Federal Government certainly rely on the people to realize the bridge and therefore, urged the two governors of Anambra and Delta states to work hard to provide the enabling environment to ensure the completion of the bridge. Giving a detailed account of the procedure and level of due process followed to get to kick start the project, the Minister of Works, Arc. Mike Onolemenen stated that it took 27 months for the Federal Government to get to the procurement level due to extant due process. He stated that the project was one of those that come up under the Federal Government's Transformation APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

‐Roads & Bridges ‐Second Coming of the Second Niger Bridge

Building & Construction

Agenda aimed at improving the infrastructural and socio‐economic activities of the nation. He however, explained that it was being executed under the Public, Private Partnership (PPP) arrangement for a concession period of 25 years through Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) model.

executed under the Public Private Partnership ( P P P ) arrangement for a concessional period of 25 years through the Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) model. The Ministry is working with the Julius Berger‐NSIA Motorways Investment Company ( J B ‐ NMIC) Consortium, preferred bidder for the development of the Second River Niger Bridge Project, to ensure timely execution of the project.

To g e t t o t h i s l e v e l , t h e F e d e r a l Government on August 2012 engaged the services of an experienced United Kingdom based Transaction Advisor, Messrs Roughton International who went on to conduct the process of expression of interest in which ﬁve consortia were shortlisted including Messrs Julius Berger – AIIM Consortium, Messrs Matiere ' Johnson Consortium, Messrs Harbour, Messrs Bouygues Consortium, Messrs ARM Consortium. With a thorough grilling through a pre‐ qualiﬁcation process under the Public Procurement Act and Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Concession Act (ICRC Act), Messrs Julius Berger – AIIM Consortium emerged the preferred bidder for the project. The company has since transformed to Julius Berger Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority. About the new Second Niger Bridge: The bridge is to cost N117, 860, 700, 741.82 including the VAT. It is located 1.7 kilometres downstream from the existing bridge and is to cover a distance of 1.590 metres. The bridge forms part of 11.9 kilometres road network. With the assistance of the World Bank, two bye passes are to be constructed. One of the bye passes is a dual carriageway from the arterial route A232 Benin‐Asaba expressway which will bye‐ pass Asaba and the Airport to link up with the Second Niger Bridge while the second is also a dual carriageway from arterial route A232, Onitsha‐Enugu expressway linking up to arterial route A6, Onitsha‐Owerri expressway bye‐passing Onitsha to link up with the bridge. The bridge itself is on a new alignment and is made up of two equal end spans of 40 metres, 15 equal intermediate spans of 55 infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

metres each as well as two intermediate spans of 90 metres each. There are also three navigational spans of 150 metres each. The total width of the dual carriageway is 35.3 metres made up of 16.05 metres wide three lane carriageway each way and 3.03 metres central reserve. Also in the plan are two underpasses considered as secondary bridges for Amakon village and Atani roads and an interchange on Onitsha‐Owerri road. The controversies Even before the project kicked oﬀ, it was already shrouded in controversy part of which was that this was not the ﬁrst time the issue of the Second Niger Bridge was being heard. There was mixed feeling on the sincerity of government to complete the project as promised. The people felt it was a political gimmick but others felt it was real while some others adopted the “sit down and look” policy. But the real controversy came a few weeks after the presidential ground breaking event. The Federal Government was said to have suspended work on the project due to non‐compliance to environmental laws on the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Some saw this as the handiwork of opposition parties to discredit the federal government while some believe that for such a project, there must be an approve EIA. However, Federal Government has come out to debunk the rumoured suspension of work. According to the Director of Information at the Federal Ministry of Works, Mr. Bisi Abuonhin, the Second Niger Bridge is still on course. He stated that Federal Government never suspended the project. In a statement made available to Infrastructure Quarterly, he said, “Contrary to recent reports, work on the Second River Niger Bridge Project continues to progress according to schedule ensuring timely completion of the Bridge, which is set to be

66 3

He reassured that under an Early Works Arrangement, the nominated EPC contractor, Julius Berger Nigeria Plc, has commenced full mobilization to site and timely execution of scheduled activities as anticipated. He noted that the JB‐NMIC Consortium has assured that compliance with Nigerian Environmental Laws is of paramount priority and that Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is an intrinsic part of the Early Works, which is being carried out in compliance with the environmental laws of Nigeria. “It was highlighted during the groundbreaking ceremony that this landmark project is part of the transformation agenda of the President Jonathan's administration and once again wish to assure the good people of the South East Geo‐political zone and indeed the entire citizenry of Nigeria who are the beneﬁciary of this critical national infrastructure project, of the Federal Government's resolve to actualize it,” the statement said.

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Building & Construction

Thinking big with Lagos – Badagry Expressway project

If actually Lagos is a state of excellent ideas, the Lagos ‐Badagry expressway project is one of such ideas aimed at spurring economic growth, especially at a time when there is growing emphasis on the importance of infrastructure in everyday life. Known for its penchant for thinking ahead, the state government ranked infrastructure policy among its greatest concern, modernizing its infrastructure as a critical instrument of guarantying its place in future economic competitiveness. Lagos is one of the 36 states of Nigeria located at the tip of the South Western part of the country lying at the coastal shores of the Atlantic. One of the smallest states in terms of land mass but the most populated with World Bank estimating the population to hit the 15 million mark by 2015. But the state's estimates from the last census put it at about 18 million. This has sealed its Mega City status and laid the burden of provision of infrastructure a primary assignment for the Government of the State. Thus, it has invested heavily in infrastructure in the last decade, thereby sealing its ability to compete on a global scale depending on its infrastructural assets. Aware of the importance of the Lagos – Badagry expressway as a gateway to sister African nations, the Lagos State Government under the leadership of Mr. Babatunde Fashola pushed the Federal Government aside and solely embarked on the development of the Lagos –Badagry expressway notwithstanding the magnitude of the project.

Lovet Okonoboh, reports

Agbara which is about 28 kilometres , and lot 3 is from Agbara to Badagry. To ensure a hitch free delivery of the project the state government did its ground work and disbursed N 1.58billion compensation to affected property owners on the ongoing 10‐lane expansion of Badagry expressway road project estimated to gulp about N220 billion. IQ Infrastructure checks showed that the six families that collected compensation include that of Noah Sanni who collected N21,624,000 , N21,300,000 was paid to Muritala Alagbaja got N21,000,000.00 Anafi Omowolewa, N19,500,000 Mrs. Abiola Eko, 19,200,000.00 Alhaji Raman Opeyemi and 147,661,560.00 was paid to Alaba Meta Farms limited. IQ Infrastructure reports that the government had paid a total of N1, 19,973,190. as compensation on the project made up of N582,709,850.00 to 18 claimants on the 19 August, 2009, N348,748,690 to 12 claimants on 28 August, 2009, N266,514,650.00 on 21 June, 2010 and another N250, 285,560.” For observers, motorists and residents along the Lagos‐Badagry Expressway, the generous allocation of 20 percent of the Lagos State's 2014 budget to works and infrastructure raises their hope that the stress and anguish may soon be a thing of the past. Experts say the expansion of the expressway from its current four to 10 lanes with a light rail in‐between offers a rare opportunity to open the state to economic opportunities within West African states. Assuring on the project, the Lagos State Commissioner for Works and Infrastructure Dr. Femi Hamzat said despite the seeming slow progress of the reconstruction work which started in 2009, the present administration was optimistic of delivering the project before 2015. He hinted that the state's 2014 budget currently being implemented in the state accord infrastructure priority attention.

Many believe that apart from the fact that the state government concurs with the fact that infrastructural development is a vehicle of driving the state's ambitious plan of becoming Africa's modern mega city, the government embarked on the construction of this expressway to achieve its economic development programme.

Hamzat said, “However, it should be noted that this is a project with two major aspects involving the integration of road and rail. We are irrevocably committed to delivering this road before the end of our tenure” .

The highly ambitious project is a 10‐lane expansion of Lagos‐ Badagry expressway project which has a light rail built into it at conception.

He said the China Civil Engineering and Construction Corporation (CCECC) had since embarked on the construction of the road especially the light rail.

It was divided into three lots with lot 1 running from Eric Moore to Mile 2, which is about 7.5 kilometres. And lot 2 is from Mile 2 To

Their contract involves lot 2A covering Mazamaza to

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

68 3

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Building & Construction

Thinking big with Lagos –Badagry Expressway project Okokomaiko . It was further rescheduled into tranches into schedule as Lot A and 2 B covering Mazamaza to Okokomaiko and Okokomaiko to Agbara respectively. Infrastructure Quarterly observed that railway track laying of the Lagos light rail is in advance stage. Hamzat who gave update on the project reiterated that though the road is a Federal Road, the State Government is compelled to construct it to improve social‐ economic activities for the benefit of Lagosians and visitors from the neigbouring countries, while complementing the already built West African Highway running from Guinea through Togo and Ghana. The commissioner confirmed that the second phase of the redevelopment of the Lagos‐ Badagry Expressway being handled by CCECC will enhance property value in the Badagry axis and attract investment to the state. He said the development will not only open up the West African market to Nigerian business and traders but will also affect positively the value of properties along the corridor. On completion, he assured that the road will impact on economic, commercial and social activities on the corridor. The commissioner pointed out that the Lot 1 section of the project handled by construction giants, Julius Berger Nigeria PLC is still on‐ going especially as the project had the rail component, explaining that it is being handled by two companies with the challenges of timeline and necessity of interface.

right always. Lagos State Governor, Mr. Babatunde Fashola who had received so many accolades for his decision to embark on the project reiterated the commitment of the present administration to conclude the development of the project. Fashola noted that the Lagos ‐ Badagry Expressway is probably the biggest civil works project going on in the country at present and would clearly redeﬁne not only the landscape of Lagos but that of the economic relations between Nigeria and its neighbours in the sub region of West Africa. The governor added that it would facilitate trade, and movement of people in a way that will help achieve the dreams of the founding fathers of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). He added that, “in this part, we have not done enough regional trade and we look more to Europe when really the opportunities are so close to us and I think infrastructure has played a limiting role because whereas you can drive to many parts of Europe and cross borders by car, it is not that easy in this sub region”. According to him, the Lagos Badagry expressway project will give credence to other laudable projects like the $ 2 billion Lagos Energy City the state government is executing in partnership with some private sector organisations in that axis.

He noted that the city of Dubai has shown with the feats it has achieved with the development of the tourism industry that the tourism economy is more enormous than petroleum economy. Fashola who linked a successful tourism economy to the provision of a very effective transportation system added that the delivery of the expanded Lagos‐ Badagry Expressway currently being done by his administration will unlock the tourism potentials of the area. Assuring that the State Government is moving closer and faster to its dreams of developing an ideal society for the benefit of all, he added that his vision for Badagry is one with a fully developed tourism industry, saying the project has in it an enormous economic development package. Infrastructure Quarterly observed that the phase one of the multibillion naira Lagos‐Badagry expressway expansion being undertaken by direct government funding, has reached 60 per cent completion. Amid challenges of vehicular traffic snarl being experienced by motorists and commuters on the road due to on‐going construction work, when completed the residents will certainly see a new Lagos‐Badagry expressway, that will be a 10‐lane carriageway with a light rail and BRT corridors tailored to enhance tourism and economic activities

As work progresses in other phases he said some properties would be aﬀected by the ongoing construction assuring property owners that due diligence will be followed, saying the state government will abide by its citizen's infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

69 3

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Events

FOCI holds exhibition in Lagos Federation of Construction Industry (FO CI) made a successful outing at Lagos, the business nerve centre of Nigeria, when it hit the exhibition ground of the Federal Palace Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos, with its first exhibition. Though it has hosted six other exhibitions at Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory, the seventh which was a trial turned out to be wonderfully successful with exhibitors coming in from all over the country and outside to partake in the four day fair. Tagged, “Building, Construction & Mining MART 2014” it proved to be what heavy equipment, material and machinery producers and dealer were waiting for as they came in their numbers not minding it was the first in Lagos. Speaking at the opening, the President of FO CI, Bldr. Solomon Ogunbusola commended the efforts and contributions of the sector to the economic growth of the nation. According to him, FOCI had evolved into a body that is fully committed to ensuring that the construction industry took its rightful position in the economic development of the country. He assured that the yearly event which used to be hosted in Abuja would equally be staged in Lagos too and yearly. Also speaking at the occasion, the Vice Chairman of the Senate Committee on housing, Senator Gbenga Ashafa praised the stakeholders in the industry and pledged his support for their efforts. He commended FOCI for staging such an event in Lagos. infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

70 3

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Aviation

Hamad International Airport now open for service

amad International Airport, formerly New Doha International Airport has opened for service in Qatar as marking a successful eﬀorts made to replace the existing facility. It is hoped that the new airport will increase passenger and cargo‐handling capacity, and accommodate the new Airbus A380 super jumbo jets. To make this happen, a ﬁrm, Bechtel was engaged to provide engineering, project management, and construction management services for the Hamad International Airport. Infrastructure Quarterly gathered that the new airport will accommodate 24 million passengers and 750,000 metric tons of cargo annually. It will feature, among other facilities: two of the longest commercial runways in the world, a control tower some

85 meters (about 280 feet) tall and a 510,000‐square‐meter passenger terminal with 40 gates. Other facilities to be provided include a separate terminal for the Emir of Qatar, a general aviation terminal, a cargo terminal, a 150,000‐square‐meter (1.6 million‐ square‐foot) aircraft maintenance center as well as one of the world's largest airport catering facilities and state‐of‐the art air traﬃc control equipment and security systems. Early works on the project included a 62‐million‐cubic‐meter (nearly 230 million cubic feet) land reclamation project to create the airport site and the largest environmental cleanup project in Qatar's history―the removal of 6.5 million cubic meters of household waste from a dump on the project site to a remote engineered landﬁll built to strict environmental standards.

Emirates gives August date for ﬂight operations in Abuja, Kano

he Emirates Airlines has secured the approval of Nigeria's Ministry of Aviation to commence operations into and out of Abuja and Kano Airports. With this approval, the international Carrier said it was ready to enhance its operations to Nigeria by launching scheduled daily passenger flights to the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja and the Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport, Kano by August 2014. According to the Senior Vice Pr e si d e n t , A e r opol i t i c a l a n d industry Affairs the flights Salem Obaidalla, will be operated ''in accordance with the existing UAE‐ Nigeria agreement on air services, with four weekly flights routed Dubai‐Abuja‐Kano‐Dubai and three weekly flights routed Dubai‐Kano‐ Abuja‐Dubai, without carriage of domestic traffic (cabotage) between Abuja and Kano''. Obaidalla further assured that Emirates Airline ''remains fully committed to the Nigerian market and to provide Nigerian travellers the best possible service''.

Source (Ministry of aviation) infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

71 3

Commenting on the development, Oduah expressed joy that passengers from Abuja, Kano and other parts of the North who patronise Emirates would have the airline's services brought to their doorsteps, and pledged to continue to partner Emirates and other airlines to deliver the best possible service to air travellers in the c o u n t r y. ' ' I a m p a r t i c u l a r l y delighted with this development'', the Minister enthused. Story by Dachi Maduako APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Maritime

NIMASA seeks private partnership to modernize Maritime Infrastructure

he Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) has reaffirmed its commitment to embarking on new strategies to accelerate investment in national maritime infrastructure through establishment of effective Public Private Partnership (PPP) process to modernize the Nigerian Maritime Sector. To achieve its set target, the agency held a National workshop on PPP Strategy for Infrastructural Development and Modernization in the Nigerian Maritime sector earlier in May at the Eko Hotel and Suites, in Lagos. The Minister of Transport, Senator Idris Audu Umar who was at the workshop reaffirmed the commitment of the Federal Government develop key economic infrastructure in generally especially, the maritime infrastructure noting that the achievements so far are in that line are verifiable. He maintained that Federal Government's vision is to have in place a virile maritime sector which underscores the importance attached to the ongoing mission to build and maintain adequate and modern maritime/shipping infrastructure that would not only serve the needs of the national economy today, but to also stimulate and support future economic growth and development. “Interestingly, government's main strategy for delivering this goal is built around partnership with the private sector” he said. Senator Umar said the importance the Federal Government attached to the promotion of public private partnership (PPP) as a veritable

vehicle for delivering economic and social infrastructure and amenities was demonstrated in the commitment with which government pursued through the enactment of the National Policy on Public Private Partnership and establishment of the Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission (ICRC) in 2005 to ensure effective implementation of the policy. He added that since then, a number of important infrastructure projects have been undertaken through PPP framework, including seaports, power projects, rail, roads among others. “In the maritime sector, the growing role of private sector operators in the provision of important port infrastructure, operational assets and facilities, as well as services are of public knowledge. Concessioning of port services to private operators has brought about significant investments in the acquisition of modern terminal equipment and expansion of existing cargo holding facilities. These in turn have led to improved efficiency and consequently growth in both ship traffic and cargo throughout our ports” he said. The Director General/ CEO NIMASA, Ziakede. P. Akpobo Lokemi during his keynote address said that the on‐going efforts of the Federal Government to transform the Nigerian economy was not only geared towards improving and expanding existing socio‐economic infrastructure, but also the development of new ones to close capacity gaps. Mr. Akpobo Lokemi said Nigeria had enormous maritime resource endowments and that these maritime resources and other economic factors make Nigeria a potentially great maritime nation adding that with proper planning and coordinated adequate investment, Nigeria can evolve a maritime led development strategy.

Ngozi Jude reports

However, “Nigeria is yet to build the required level of maritime infrastructure that would enable her harness the huge economic potentials in the sector for national development. Available infrastructure are not only inadequate and limited in scope and capacity, these are most generally inefficient. This has consequently affected the competitiveness of the Nigerian maritime sector and severely limited it from contributing optimally to the socio‐economic development of the country” he said. He further explained that, Nigeria presently is not meeting up to 10% of the total shipboard manpower of her maritime trade estimated at 142,762 seafarers for vessels serving her domestic and foreign trades. He said Existing Maritime Educational and Manpower Training Institutions were few and limited in scope to produce the requisite manpower needs of the sector. “The gap in this area is huge and the need to close it is urgent, especially if we are to achieve some of the key policy objectives of the maritime law” he said. Mr. Akpobo Lokemi stated that outcome of the workshop will among other things; produce a roadmap on the appropriate strategy for promoting and encouraging PPP in the sector, strive to address the issue of funding in an innovative way and the peculiarity of our fiscal environment. He said resolving the funding challenge was central because it is a defining factor on account of the capital intensive nature of maritime infrastructure. We are also hopeful that the workshop

72 3 infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

NIMASA seeks private partnership to modernize Maritime Infrastructure

would be able to address these important factors and the sound legal regime which is a necessary condition for P P P to thrive especially in promoting predictability of outcome in terms of contractual conďŹ&#x201A;ict put to full implementation that would lead to accelerated infrastructural development in the Nigerian maritime sector through the PPP framework. Participants at the workshop agreed that to tap the full potentials in the nation's maritime industry, they must strive to drive performance in this direction through the right national policy framework for maritime transport and ensure a strong institution to encourage inclusiveness and participation and human capacity development remain a top

priority. They also pointed out the critical place of quality leadership to shape the tone of national culture and champion the inculcation of the right values in maritime transport players and advocated for a clear and precise National Maritime Strategy to be put in place by adopting long term investment plans. The participants also resolved on adopting some options and strategies for building modern and adequate maritime trade infrastructure. These include securing the support of stakeholders in the maritime transport as well as skilled experts to secure their support in the drive for the development of infrastructure and strengthening of coastal shipping through strict enforcement of cabotage laws to ensure strong capacity in coastal building and

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

Maritime adequate participation in international shipping. Others include the development of island water ways services, implementation of respective maritime transport regulation and establishment of strategic maritime alliances with neighouring countries. A maritime master plan should be in place to eďŹ&#x20AC;ectively measure milestones, encourage strong maritime advisory and advocacy groups, strong stakeholders' group to help champion maritime interest and also revisit report of past government committee to start implementing those ďŹ led away recommendations that touch the heart of the infrastructure needs.

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS WATCH 1.00

CEMENT

1.01

Portland cement per 50kg bag

1.02

Diito, per tonne jumbo bag

tonne

1.03

Colored cement - white 40kg bag

bag

1.04

Colored cement - red 25kg bag

1.05

Colored cement - green 25kg bag

2.00

bag

1,750.00

1,700.00

35,000.00

34,000.00

35,000.00

3,500.00

3,800.00

3,000.00

bag

2,000.00

2,500.00

bag

2,300.00

2,800.00

1,750.00 35,000.00 3,000.00

2,000.00

2,500.00

BLOCKS

2.01

Sandcrete - block 225x225x450mm (9”x9”x 18”)

160.00

2.02

Sandcrete - block 225x150x450mm (9”x6”x 18”)

140.00

150.00

3.00

1,750.00

170.00

160.00 140.00

CLAY PRODUCTS (Prices includes VAT &delivery cost) Sun Breakers

3.01

Double Curved Type ‘79 - 160x100x320mm

120.00

3.02

Double Straight Octagonal 01 - 160x100x320mm

156.00

136.00

3.03

Single Rectangular Type ‘99 - 195x100x195mm

1 36.00

136.00

3.04

Fledor Type ‘83 - 225x100x225mm

125.00

3.05

Shamrock Type ‘80 - 225x100x225mm

125.00

3.06

Fledor Type ‘94 - 250x100x250mm

142.00

3.07

Velox Type - 130x355x250mm

261.00

3.08

Velox Type - 165x355x250mm

285.00

3.09

Velox Type - 200x335x250mm

327.00

Hollow Clay Pots Floor & Ceilings

327.00 304.00

261.00 285.00 327.00

3.10

Classic Type - 165x400x250mm

304.00

3.11

Classic Type - 200x400x250mm

327.00

327.00 215.00

3.12

Classic Top - 100x400x250mm

215.00

3.13

Velox Beam Unit - 115x140x250mm

117.00

3.14

Clay Facings For External Finishing x 66 Pcs

Carton

1,775.00

3.15

Wall Facings x 11 - 60x15x250mm

269.00

3.16

Corner Units - 60x125x250mm Partitioning Clay Wares (Set of 3 pieces)

207.00

153.00

3.17

Size 50

- 200x50x330mm

153.00

3.18

Size 75

- 125x75x250mm

136.00

3.19

Size 100

- 200x100x330mm

239.00

3.20

Size 150

- 200x150x330mm

291.00

3.21

Size 200

- 200x225x330mm

376.00

136.00 239.00 291.00 376.00

Load Bearing Clayware 3.22

Size 150

- 200x150x330mm

336.00

3.23

Size 225

- 200x225x330mm

456.00

4.00

QUARRY PRODUCTS (Ex-quarry price, VAT & cost of delivery) Granite

4.01

Hard Core

4” - 8”

4.02

Stone Base

2” - 0

Tonne

2,000.00

Tonne

2,000.00

4.03

Aggregate

1” - 7/8”

Tonne

2,300.00

4.04

Aggregate

7/8” - 5/8” (3/4”)

Tonne

2,300.00

4.05

Aggregate

5/8” - 3/8” (½” )

Tonne

2,300.00

4.06

Dust

3/8” - 1/4”

Tonne

1,000.00

4.07

Lumps

1,900.00

1 ,900.00

1,900.00

4.08

Gravel Washed Gravel

Tonne

2,650.00

2,750.00

2,800.00

2,750.00

4.09

Unwashed Gravel

Tonne

2,300.00

2,400.00

2,300.00

4.10 4.11

Sand Sharp Sand Soft Sand

Tonne Tonne

3,750.00 1,750.00

3,800.00 1,890.00

3,750.00 1,950.00

3,750.00 1,800.00

4.12

Filling Laterite Fillings

Tonne

1,100.00

1,200.00

1,100.00

4.13

Broken Blocks

Tonne

1,200.00

1,300.00

1,200.00

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

Tonne

74 3

2,300.00

source: FOCI

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS WATCH 5.00 5.01

ROOFING Corrugated Iron - (Prices includes VAT) Roofing Sheet (20 pieces)

Bundle

8,500.00

FIBRE - CEMENT PRODUCTS (Prices excludes VAT) Nigerite Roofing Materials 5.02

Nigerite Kolor 7 (1.8m) 6ft

Sheet

3,311.00

5.03

Nigerite Kolor 7 (2.4m) 8ft

Sheet

4,022.00

5.04

Nigerite Kolor 7 Ridge (Lower/Upper)

Pairs

1,249.00

5.05

Crete Tile French & Mission

Pairs

176.00

5.06

Crete Ridge Tile

Pairs

237.00

5.07

Crete Edge Tile

Pairs

310.00

5.08

Hip starter

Pairs

272.00

5.09

Decorceil - Ceiling Tiles - (610x10x5mm) - Grey

box of 16 tiles

5,675.00

box of 16 tiles

8,993.00

1,011.00

5.10

Accoustile - Ceiling Tiles - (610x10x5mm) - White

5.11

Flat sheet 4’x4’ (1.22m x1.22m x 3mm)

Sheet

5.12

Flat sheet 4’x4’ (1.22m x1.22m x 6mm)

Sheet

2,564.00

1,249.00

1,011.00

1,249.00

272.00

1,011.00

2,564.00

2,564.00 446.00

5.13 Litespan

(2pcs corrugated wing ridged)

Pairs

446.00

5.14 Litespan

(1.8m x 3.5mm thickness)

Pairs

764.00

1,635.00

5.15 SLW - sheet

(1800 x 1050 x 4mm) 6ft

5.16 SLW - 2

(2400 x1050 x4mm) 8ft

5.17 SLW - 2

(2 piece corrugated wing ridged) (1500 x 1097 x 4.5mm) 5ft

Sheet

5.18 Super - 7 5.19 Fascia board

Sheet

1,635.00

N/A

Sheet

2,178.00

N/A

2,178.00

Pairs

1,200.00

N/A

1,200.00

N/A

2,140.00

(om 25 x 2m 44 x 8mm)

3,343.00

Long Span Aluminium Roofing Sheets (Prices includes VAT) 5.20

Queen baked (coloured)

5.21 5.22 5.23

- 0.45mm

meter/run

1,216.00

Ditto

- 0.05mm

meter/run

1,362.00

Ditto

- 0.55mm p/m2

1,491.00

Stucco mill (white)

5.24 Stucco mill (white) 5.25 6.00

Ditto

meter/run

1,491.00

- 0.45mm

meter/run

1,051.00

- 0.05mm p/m run

meter/run

1,118.00

meter/run

1,229.00

- 0.55mm p/m run

1,051.00

WOODWORK (Open Market Prices) Sawn Hardwood (Mahogany)

6.01

Mahogany

- size 50 x 150 x 3600mm long

Length

1,300.00

2,000.00

1,600.00

1,050.00

6.02

Mahogany

- size 50 x 100 x 3600mm long

Length

900.00

1,300.00

1,100.00

850.00

6.03

Mahogany

- size 50 x 75 x 3600mm long

Length

700.00

1,700.00

800.00

6.04

Mahogany

- size 50 x 100 x 4200mm long

Length

1,050.00

2,350.00

950.00

900.00

Mahogany

- size 25 x 300 x 3600mm long

Length

1,300.00

2,000.00

1,150.00

1,100.00

6.05

700.00

Opepe 6.06

Opepe

- size 50 x 150 x 3600mm long

Length

950.00

1650.00

6.07

Opepe

- size 50 x 100 x 3600mm long

Length

700.00

450.00

800.00

850.00

6.08

Opepe

- size 50 x 75 x 3600mm long

Length

650.00

350.00

750.00

6.09

Opepe

- size 50 x 100 x 4200mm long

Length

900.00

1,000.00

1,150.00

Softwood 6.10

Afara

- size 50 x 150 x 3600mm long

Length

800.00

750.00

1,400.00

950.00

6.11

Afara

- size 50 x 100 x 3600mm long

Length

600.00

300.00

900.00

800.00

6.12

Afara

- size 50 x 75 x 3600mm long

Length

450.00

250.00

700.00

6.13

Afara

- size 50 x 50 x 3600mm long

Length

320.00

200.00

350.00

Plywood 6.14

White Plywood - size 18.75 x 1200 x 2400mm long

Sheet

6.15

White Plywood - size 12.50 x 1200 x 2400mm long

Sheet

6.16

White Plywood - size 6.25 x 1200 x 2400mm long

6.17

White Plywood - size 3.125 x 1200 x 2400mm long

7.00

NAILS

7.01

Nails

- size 1/1.5”

Bag

6,500.00

7,000.00

8,500.00

7.02

Ditto

- size 2 / 2.5”

Bag

4,800.00

4,000.00

4,800.00

7,500.00

7.03

Ditto

- size 3”

Bag

4,500.00

3,600.00

7.04

Ditto

- size 4”

Bag

4,500.00

3,600.00

4,300.00

7,500.00

7.05

Ditto

- size 5”

Bag

7,000.00

4,000.00

5,500.00

7,500.00

7.06

Asbestos Roofing Nails

- 75mm

Carton

600.00

3,000.00

650.00

600.00

7.07

Asbestos Roofing Nails

- 100mm

Carton

750.00

800.00

850.00

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

2,600.00

Sheet Sheet

3,500.00

3,300.00

3,250.00

1,950.00

2,800.00

2,400.00

2,300.00

1,450.00

1,600.00

900.00

75 3

1,400.00

950.00

4,300.00

950.00

7,500.00

source: FOCI

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Road Transportation

Lagos Bus Rapid Transit in the throes of broken down Vehicles Aderemi Falobi , who works in the Lagos Island thought she had found solution to the problem of commuting between the Lagos Mainland and Island to keep her job when the Lagos state government established the Bus Rapid Transit. She was further elated when the BRT had a dedicated road infrastructure that makes it faster for the buses to take the passengers to their destinations. Falobi's initial obsession with the efficiency of the transport system seems to be waning by the day due to the long queues and non availability of the buses in their terminals. Thus, the aim of Lagos State Government to achieve mass transit of its residents from one location to the other as quickly as possible in the metropolis appears threatened by lack of maintenance. Infrastructure Quarterly checks revealed that over 600 of the 1400 fleet of buses are grounded in many of their garages in the state giving the impression that the transportation is about to collapse. The immediate effects of the pitfalls in the management of the road transportation system is the teeming commuters now gathering at their terminals waiting endlessly to catch buses to their destinations. Apart from Falobi commuters who spoke exclusively with our reporter at separate interviews said they sweat profusely for hours at the BRT terminals without buses to convey them. Another commuter Alhaji Mojeed Adekola said the BRT scheme would not survive for a long time, saying the lapses, non‐ availability and increasing number of buses grounded showed it was apparent to them that the scheme was not being run efficiently.

scheme is on the verge of collapse. There is the general feeling out there that the scheme will collapse soonest except huge funds are reinvested into it.” Confirming that the BRT is having problems, one of the operators of mass transit buses in Lagos, LAGBUS Management Limited revealed that it has grounded over 220 buses for the purpose of overhauling them. According to the Maintenance Manager of the company, Sola Oni the company had grounded about 220 buses in the various depots across the state. Oni said, “The buses you see grounded at our various depots are being overhauled. At present, we are overhauling 220 buses and it is a massive exercise. If you go to our depots at Bolade, Toll Gate, Keffi and Ikorodu, you will find buses at various stages of preparation". Oni blamed the challenge on dearth of spare parts for the buses as well as the slow pace at which they were being cleared at the ports. A c c o r d i n g t o h e r , “ We h a v e challenges of spare parts. You know we do not produce spare parts here in Nigeria and we have to rely on the ones coming in from abroad and that can take time because when it even arrives, there is a period of time it takes to clear at t h e p o r t s " . As a way forward Oni said about 50 maintenance employees were being trained for better

performance. She said, “This particular training involves the mechanics, workshop assistants and service adviser, electricians and vulcanisers will be trained separately". Speaking on the BRT issue, Lagos State Governor, Mr. Babatunde Fashola urged the private sector to step up its game. " For the record, the buses belong to the unions not the government. There are two businesses here, the blue buses and some of the red buses that we loaned to the unions to help us start this business. " It is the companies as I have told them that must institute new corporate governance rules. They must put back into the business what the business has generated. The business has done well, it has paid back its loan but have they reinvested with the same commitment with which they paid back the loan?” Fashola said the state government was working with the transport unions to help them get business operators that will help create a more reliable company out of this and that will continue to reinvest. "You will see queues because not only is our population already big but it is increasing every day. We are

He said, "The government must do something immediately to save the scheme so that it does not go the way of others before it . They have brought in politics and there is problem among their board and stakeholders. "Nearly all their buses are down because of no good maintenance .The infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

76 3

APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

Lagos Bus Rapid Transit in the throes of Broken Down Vehicles

feeling the impacts of some of the disturbances across the country in the number of forced migration that are coming into the state and are demanding service. That is the reality from what we measured on a day to day basis. "On our side, we have interest in the red bus company, the LAGBUS Company but the scope also is to operate in the less commercially profitable routes so that we can leave the more commercially viable routes to the unions to lead the business. " But the challenge here is in the turnaround time for the buses also the depreciation in their life expectancy and the speed of replacement and refurbishments are still issues that we are contending with. " It took us almost a year for example to find somebody who has the specialty for fleet management and operation. Some of the people we short listed just did not meet the cut that we wanted and we had to reopen the advertisement because there is special skill there in running fleet buses and making sure that they run 24/7. " Replacing parts, and also we don't manufacture buses here, so when the buses breakdown we have to go through the process of LPOs and even the parts are imported, so it's a lot of work to be done in making sure that the buses are on the road". According to him," In most of the other countries that you see the buses running round the clock and are in good condition it is because most of the buses are either manufactured in those countries and there is a local foundry and metallurgy industry that is producing parts such that parts can be put in very quickly". Whether the Lagos BRT will go the way of other transport lines in the state that went into oblivion for lack of maintenance and board room wrangling or not time will tell.

Road Transportation

FG restates commitment to road infrastructure development The President, Dr. Goodluck Jonathan has stated his administration's resolve and commitment to the development of the nation's road infrastructure development. The President stated this at the First African Regional Congress of the International Road Fund (IRF) held in Nigeria's Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The President expressed pleasure at the gains recorded from the road sector. “I am pleased to note that the gains of improved and sustained government investment in the road sector are evidently manifesting nationwide,” he said. The President who was represented by the Vice President, Arc. Namadi Sambo stressed that a good and well maintained road network is the bedrock of an eﬃcient road transportation sector, which in itself, is the engine which drives economies of nations. With a theme, “Harnessing Africa's Transportation Potentials: The Role of the Stakeholders” he stated that this explains why his administration has embarked on an ambitious programme to restore and modernize the country's road network. “This, we are achieving through enhanced government investment, as well as, participation of private sector and multi‐lateral development institutions. We are also putting in place best practices, to drive Public‐Private‐ Partnership (PPP) in road sector development and all other areas'. Dr. Goodluck reasoned that it is encouraging that critical trans‐African road projects such as the Lagos‐ Algiers, Lagos‐Abidjan‐Dakar and the Lagos‐Mombasa roads are at various stages of implementation under the auspices of the Programme for Infrastructural Development in Africa (PDA).

The Minister stated that the regional congress is a forum where experts and professionals can discuss issues on transportation with emphasis on infrastructure. He, however, hoped the event serves to deepen the determination of policy makers across Africa and indeed the entire world in addressing on‐going and future mobility challenges.

The congress according to the IRF President and Chief Executive Officer, C. Patrick Sankey, will bring together regional and local industry stakeholders from government, academia, multilateral banks and civil society and private sector to help find solutions to the region's transportation challenges. The IRF plays a major role in all aspects of road policy and development worldwide, for government and financial institutions; it also provides a wide base of expertise for planning road development strategy and policy, for the private sector. The international Road Federation also takes pride in honoring and recognizing road – industry projects, demonstrating excellence and innovation in road development worldwide, via the Global Road Achievement Award Program. With a wide network spanning 116 countries across six continents, the IRF believes that it can make a difference by providing best practices and expert advice to face today's multifaceted world of transport.

Earlier, the Minister of Works, Arc. Mike Onolememen restated that investment on good and well maintained road network is the bedrock of an eﬃcient road transport sector which is aimed at sustaining national growth and development.

infrastructural information, Re-defined www.infrastructurequarterly.com

77 3

Minister of Works ‐ Arc. MIke Onolememen APRIL - JUNE , 2014 INFRASTRUCTURE QUARTERLY

>>SECTORS COVERED

R AT E C A R D

Health www.infrastructurequarterly.com

April - June 2014

Finance Building & Construction

Transportation

Power & Energy

Technology

Roads

Aviation

>>READERSHIP & CIRCULATION

CEMENT STANDARDISATION:

Building & Construction Industry Financial Institutions

“The Raging War”

21% 17%

Manufacturers

14%

IT & Communication

10%

Transport

10%

Government Agencies

Energy (Power, water)

Oil & Gas

Others

>>GENERAL SPECIFICATION Roads & Bridges At last the Second Niger Bridge is a reality

Equipment Vermeer T 1255, the tested commander and track trencher for the needed power in mining.

Issues Laying Solid Foundation on Infrastructure

Power Nigeria sets aside US$300M risk guarantee for investors

Quarterly

Number of pages -72 - 86

70:30 Glossy finish on 100gsm paper

Editorial ratio All color

>>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Final size of magazine (finished size) Non -bleed ad size Bleed size (3mm bleed on all sides) Artwork preference

Resolution (inside pages) Resolution (cover positions)

>>ADVERT RATE: (Basic) Full Page color $1, 670 2/3 Page Vertical color $1,400 ½ Page Island color $1,200 ½ Page Horizontal color $1,200 ½ Page Vertical color $1,200 1/3 Page Vertical color $1,000 1/3 Page Horizontal color $1,000 ¼ Page Horizontal color $800 ¼ Page Portrait color $ 800

: 209.5mm x 273mm : 195mm x 253mm : 215.mm x 279mm : Print-ready (CMYK mode), minimum 300 dpi (.tif .eps, .pdf or .cdr) files with all fonts (Times New Roman & Arial Black) with high digital proof and progressive for color reference. : Up to 133 lines per inch : Up to 200 line per inch

>>KEY AD RATES N250, 000 N210, 000 N180,000 N180,000 N 180,000 N150,000 N150,000 N120,000 N120,000

Infrastructure Quarterly

Inner Cover (front or Back) Centre Spread Back Cover Classified Advert (5” X 7”) Classified Advert (3” X 4”) Classified Advert (2” X 4”)

$2300 $4000 $3000 $650 $450 $275

N350, 000 N600, 000 N450, 000 N97, 500 N69,750 N42,625

>>PACKAGES Discounts are applicable for only adverts that are more than one insertion

35, Ibadan Street, Ebute-Metta (East), Oyingbo, Lagos, Nigeria Tel: +234 (0) 802 305 0678, (0) 806 948 4557 Email: woodextrass@gmail.com

your one stop platform for infrastructure information