PARTAJA Plac Program INTRODUCTION
GLOBAL RESEARCH & UNDERSTANDING
Living in an era of challenges posed by the continuing growth of the cities, there is a momentum in solving urban issues. There is growing interest in the New Urban Agenda, focus on the Sustainable Development Goals, etc. Belgrade, similarly, is striving to achieve better standards of living for its citizens and become an EU standard city. The main housing indicators for the SDGs in Belgrade focus on preserving the cultural identity, including the marginalized and poor population and the resolution of ownership issues. The project deals with Partajas, which are a special type of housing which has developed over the last century in Serbia. The Donji Dorcol district is facing many stresses due to the trends of privatization and large-scale investments. Based on the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals for Belgrade, the project aims to identify ways toward a more sustainable development of the area. The Partajas have heritage value as a type of housing unique to Serbia. It is an integral part of their history. Moreover, they are low-density housing in the city center with high social potential. The demonstrated project focus on activating the partaja communities. The inhabitants can play a significant role in shaping the future of Donji Dorcol. Through a participatory approach, the project tries to inform, activate and eventually empower the citizens to better their living situations.
Case Studies
PRESERVE HUMAN SCALE
S
monitor discuss supervise
cie
HUGE POTENTIAL
Location of Partajas
Every resident has a role to play in the decision making process with involvement in project selection, promotion, actualization, funding, etc.
DONJI DORCOL
C
iv
e
fo
ct r r e l l unni ng a co
Shops
• Implications on legal status of Partaja • collective Ownership
• Needs and prerequisites for building the organisational framework
RECEIVING FEEDBACK on PROJECT FRAMEWORK
PU BL IC
LEGAL STATUS: MUNICIPALITY
DEFINE ELIGIBILITY / PREREQUISITES
PARTAJA PLAC PROJECT
Our team
WORKING WITH EXPERTS
Ratka Colic
Nevena Alavuk
Partaja Citizens
3 NGO/ PARTNER INSTITUTION Additional needed regulations to prevent gentrification and support a sustainable development of the partaja
The foundation of a fruitful collaboration is trust. Showing small scale interventions and community based improvements will build trust. This is a base for further development
strong link
SHORT TERM
MID TERM
LONG TERM
CIVIL
Housing
Housing
SCENARIOS
COMMERCIAL ZONE AND CITY CENTERS
Commercial zone and city centers
Public services, facilities and complex
Map 1
Map 2
Figure Ground M 1:5000
CATALOG OF INTERVENTIONS
OLD LAND USE MAP Most of the area in Donji Dorcol is mapped as housing, and there is no differentiation between socialist housing blocks and partajas.
NEW LAND USE MAP
LACK OF PROPER MAPPING
1. The commercial areas have encroached on some of the housing plots. 2. The open spaces and public areas of the socialist housing blocks have been redefined as Public Services, Facilities and Complexes, while public areas in partajas remain as housing.
The existing built property in the partajas are insufficiently mapped. Large discrepancies can be observed in official maps and sometimes, entire buildings remain missing.
PARTAJAS ARE NEGLECTED
LACK OF EFFORT FOR CHANGE Citizens do not have a sense of entitlement towards the area. No efforts are put towards coordinating, self-organising to bring about change.
P+
3
LACK OF TRUST IN THE SYSTEM as a result of their complicated socio-political history
The future of Dorcol is threatened by demolition and abandonment.
LACK OF PARTICIPATION in community activities and development projects
LACK OF INFORMATION about rights and possibilities of the community
UNCLEAR OWNERSHIP The ownership of the block is complicated because even though the residents own their homes, the land belongs to the state.
Badly maintained public spaces 10
Socio-cultural changes
20
30
40
50
60
70
Owners are unable to pay for maintenance and upkeep of their homes
Out migration
IMPOVERISHED OWNERS
Socio-Economic
COMMERCIAL ZONE AND CITY CENTERS
A large part of the residents of partajas are considered to be poor. Impoverished owners are a recurring theme in Serbian housing.
Badly maintained units
INACTIVE COMMUNITY
10%
Republic of Serbia
Claim
Threat of destruction of the area for the inhabitants.
FUNDS AND RESOURCES BY COMMUNITY
SERVICE PROVISION
st
Good physical condition
100%
3. SOCIAL ASSETS Strong bonds between neighbours
40%
Formation of urban islands.
Select
Organising
COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVE
The poor quality of built structures and their dismal conditions have built a negative image for the Partaja. They are considered as the slums of Belgrade.
Bad condition
FUNDRAISING EVENTS
30%
Destroyed/dangerous
0%
No interactions
No physical /financial resources from community
No ownership
SMALL HOUSEHOLDS A large majority of the households are single or occupied by families of two or three.
22.2%
&
Holding/ arranging SMALL GATHERINGS
TENURE SECURITY
EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
GENTRIFICATION Solidifying the Partaja community as an option to control gentrification in the area.
6302
104
Temporarily unoccupied
Permanently unoccupied
*Percentage in Stari Grad
CENTRAL LOCATION Being part of the old city fabric, the partajas have a central location
&
TENDENCY FOR LARGER GROUPINGS Most buildings/units have more than 3 houses within them.
op h S g n i r o
Apply for
Good physical condition
100%
Strong bonds between neighbours
Full physical /financial resources from community
Community ownership
Apply for
MICRO FINANCES
Acquaintances
Bad condition
30%
MAPPING OWNERSHIP AND GATHERING INFORMATION REBUILD
IDEAL CANDIDATES FOR COMMUNITY LIVING IN THE PARTAJAS Most households make ideal candidates collective living and housing solutions.
Destroyed/dangerous
PARTICIPATE
LEARN FROM OTHER PARTAJAS DEMOLISH
GET INFORMED
about participatory projects
Apply for FUNDS
FROM EXTERNAL PARTY
Request
INFORMATION MATERIAL from the Programme
0%
No interactions
No ownership No physical /financial resources from community
in the workshops and events of the Programme
DESIRABLE HOUSING WITH HIGH SOCIAL CAPITAL
Pre-ownership status
Tensions between inhabitants
x43
and ve d n u g o et gr
Good physical condition
100%
a tc h
Others
BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP/ EXPANSION
Strong bonds between neighbours
Full physical /financial resources from community
Community ownership
le p
33%
UNOCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS
Single occupancy
Community ownership
Pre-ownership status
Tensions between inhabitants
ab
HETEROGENEITY & DIVERSITY This had led to a mixed demographic with elderly people and the oncoming wave of students, young families, etc. The existing society has a high social mixture.
Stari Grad
Full physical /financial resources from community
5. LEGAL STATUS
Acquaintances
Apply for
RENOVATE
CONFLICTS BETWEEN RESIDENTS
4. FINANCIAL RESOURCES
CLEAN UP
Only the OLD AND RETIRED population are remaining in the Partajas
HIGHER EDUCATION LEVEL
2 to 3 members
Organise
ABANDONED UNITS A number of plots have owners who migrated out of Serbia and never returned to claim their homes in the Partajas
QUALITY OF COMMUNITY IN THE PARTAJA 1. A model of robust community living existing in the old city. 2. Some Partajas are beautifully maintained and the residents enjoy life in the Partajas
50%
Submitting
Possibility of GENTRIFICATION due to current developments.
OR
PUBLIC SERVICES, FACILITIES AND COMPLEX changes
Establishment
use o H
2. SOCIAL CAPITAL
CO-OWNERSHIP
FORMATION OF RELEGATED AREAS
Average population involved
ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
‘I know all my neighbours’
FURNISH
1. SPACIAL CONDITIONS
Establish
Students, young graduates and older population are predominantly unemployed. The main working age is 25-44; more women are employed in all age groups than men.
Housing
5. LEGAL STATUS
y
in Donji Dorcol
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
4. FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Ta il
PARTAJAS
37%
60 50 40 30 20 10
Changing legal system
ILLEGAL STATUS They have been assigned illegal status by both the citizens and the state.
3. SOCIAL ASSETS
Pl a
Political changes
NEW CONSTRUCTION Paving the way for privatisation and big investors.
2. SOCIAL CAPITAL
SUGGESTED PROPOSALS
ASSESSMENT
POSSIBLE LOCATIONS
1. SPACIAL CONDITIONS
OF PARTAJA COMMITTEE
VISIONS
'The success of a society depends of its ability to use available resources.'
e
CONTEXT
PUBLIC SERVICES, FACILITIES AND COMPLEX
Gu
IMPRESSIONS
Micro Finance
Partaja Rep.
Bozena Stojic
IDENTIFY EXPERTS
Shops Shops
BUILD TRUST IN THE SOCIETY
so today it is a unique form of housing in the city and has
CITIZENS OF THE PARTAJA
• Partners • Institutions
Municipality of Starigrad
Milicia Ristovic
Legal Framework is provided including Ownership, Building permissions, land use etc. It represents the urban development interests in all crucial decision making.
ty
Bozena Stojic and Milica Ristovic who have been involved in the project from the beginning, and assisted with data collection in Belgrade will take on permanent roles as the voice of the Stuttgart team in Dorcol.
GATHERING PANEL OF EXPERTS
ESTABLISH CONTACTS
• State • UNESCO • GIZ
• Laws and regulations • Learning from case studies • Institutions for support
STATE (MUNICIPALITY OF STARI GRAD)
2
PANEL OF EXPERTS
DEVELOP REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Urban Planning Dep.
2020
L ATI O N
IN TER
NA
B
SERBIAN PARTNER
L
GU E R
• Urban acupunctures
HERITAGE STATUS: UNESCO
2019
A
An elected representative from each partaja community is appointed to organize the efforts of the community.
1
Most of Partajas are in unpleasant condition. The Program supports their maintenance and aims to achieve better living conditions for the inhabitants.
• better construction and maintenance of physical structure
• by building identity and sense of belonging people will care more about their environment and neighbours
UPSCALING
EVALUATE PROPOSALS by Panel of Experts
DEVELOP CATALOGUE OF INTERVENTIONS
IDENTIFY EXTERNAL EXPERT PARTNERS
• Sustainable income possibilities, independent from social/financial support
• Increasing willingness towards sustainable investments due to sense of ownership of the communities
STAKEHOLDERS
Dec
EXTERNAL REGULATIONS from diverse Institutions
Required to achieve the urban landscape heritage status for the partaja. They represent the heritage interests in all crucial decision making.
PUBLISH REPORT
TRICKLE DOWN EFFECT
• Implications on heritage status of Partaja
RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
• by improving community networks. Safety increases, due to the raising sense of belonging
• use of local resources and skills
IDENTIFY PARTAJAS WITH POTENTIAL
Nov
PARTAJA REPRESENTATIVES
UNESCO
STARTING PROJECTS
INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL
IMPROVE CONDITIONS
• strong and powerful community networks that will be able to cope with shocks and stresses that they encounter
SUSTAINABLE
• by panel of partners and panel of experts
FEEDBACK OF PROPOSALS from Partaja Plac Program
SUBMIT PROPOSALS to Partaja Plac Program
Oct
Regulatory Framework
• physical improvement of abandoned lots and spaces
• build strong and inclusive community networks trough joint participation
IDENTIFY PROSPECTIVE PROJECTS
IDENTIFY & MAP STAKEHOLDERS
DEFINE GOALS
• Establish first contact • inform about the Program
CALL FOR APPLICATIONS
Sep
Narrow plots with irregular block patterns, consisting usually of a main house, several small one room apartments, a courtyard and sometimes a shared toilet block.
PROPOSAL
DEVELOP PROJECT FRAMEWORK
CONTACT TO COMMUNITY
FULLY DEVELOPED PROGRAM
Distribute survey under the umbrella of NGO
IDENTIFY PARTAJA REPRESENTATIVE
UPSCALING
RESILIENT
MONITORING & EVALUATION
• improve open spaces • renovation • new construction
• Needs assessment • Identify local resources
Aug
PARTAJA
MICRO-FINANCE SYSTEMS Serbia has a long history of micro-financial support (with high pay back rates). A program from European micro-finance network with Bank of Serbia (Mirkro razvoj) for funding of small projects including renovation of housing, etc. exist.
UNESCO Possibility to apply for “urban landscape heritage status” because of the historic and cultural heritage, unique typology, urban landscape conservation together with social and economic development of the old fabric of Belgrade.
CONSULTATION OF SURVEY IN DORCOL
DEVELOP SURVEY
DATA ANALYSIS
• Understand group dynamics
• create small income generation possibilities for disadvantages groups
need for optimizing
COMMUNITY & PARTNERS DEVELOP PROPOSALS
WORKSHOP WITHIN PARTAJA
• preserve diversity and social mixture in Donji Dorcol due to the provision of affordable housing
SAFE
TE IVA PR
LAW ON CONVERSION (2015) Possibility to transfer the “land use rights“ on construction land to ownership for a small fee.
THE LAW ON BASIS OF OWNERSHIP AND PROPERTY RELATIONS (2001) Regulations for managing collective ownership of property exist in Serbia.
By building strong communities, the aim of the Partaja Plac Program is to enable the citizens to claim their rights and show them the potential for self- organized improvements.
• Information exchange between faculties • Establishing first contact • Identifying topics for engagement
• Milica Ristovic • Bozena Stojic
Jul
MULTIPLE FAMILY DWELLING + MORE SINGLE ROOM APARTMENTS + PLOT
HERITAGE VALUE of the Partaja as part of the old fabric of Belgrade.
WORKSHOP IN BELGRADE
Due to the high demand of affordable housing in the city center it is important to maintain this asset. This will also lead towards a more inclusive and diverse Society
EMPOWER THE COMMUNITY
Collecting data from • university in Belgrade • research • stakeholders • maps
Jun
Existing laws help to change the OWNERSHIP status
SMALL BUSINESSES Sustainable income generation possibilities.
CO-WORKING private sector
MAINTAIN AFFORDABLE HOUSING
ESTABLISH PANEL OF PARTNERS
DATA ANALYSIS
IMPLEMENTATION
need for adjustment
COMMUNITY PARTAJA WORKSHOP
May
STRATEGY
IDENTIFY SERBIAN PARTNER
COLLECTING INFORMATION
Apr
Possible Entry Points
Poor attendance
Insufficient data
Mar
CHENGZHONGCUN LAND MARKET, CHINA The origin of the “chengzhongcun land market“ is when the former villages with a collective land ownership became part of the growing city. The farmers still had ownership, but no formal regulations were applied. To supply the cheap housing demand, the owners gave out the land for the construction of housing. With the income from the rents they became rich, but the illegal process created a chaotic and insecure neighbourhood. This case study shows the need for adequate regulations to create a livable neighbourhoods for all.
IDENTIFY PROJECTS
CONTACT COMMUNITY
DATA COLLECTION
Feb
CODI & BAAN MANKONG PROJECT, THAILAND A nation wide people driven housing development program which uses government funds to finance community projects to upgrade the housing conditions in the slums. CODI is the facilitator and financial administrator in the process. The project starts with building community savings activities around the country, then forming and strengthening large-scale networks of poor communities, and finally using the people’s managerial skills to deal with housing problems at city scale. Communities work in close collaboration with their local governments, professionals, universities and NGOs.
To guarantee a livable city for its inhabitants it is necessary to preserve the human scale. In a small scale structure it is possible to create the unique identity and sense of community
Jan
MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT AND REHABILITATION OF THE OLD CITY OF LVIV, UKRAINE This is an example of a complex participatory urban development scheme where GIZ, the Municipality and the citizens of Lviv collaborated. Awareness on the importance and uniqueness of the built heritage was brought about; instruments for urban renewal were introduced; and buildings were renovated by resolving the complicated ownership structures and changing post-soviet mind-sets. Despite this apparent success, the project has eventually encouraged gentrification by improving the quality of the areas.
Empowering the partaja communities for social and urban resilience
INCLUSIVE
ACTORS INVOLVED
2018
MULTIPLE FAMILY DWELLING + SINGLE ROOM APARTMENTS + PLOT
STUTTGART TEAM
Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
PARTAJA REPRESENTATIVE
COMMUNITY MEMBERS
PANEL OF EXPERTS
BOZENA STROJIC AND MILICIA RISTOVIC
Dec
SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING + PLOT
STRATEGY
Nov
FORMATION
GOALS
SDG´S
Oct
DEFINING ‘PARTAJA’
Acquaintances
Bad condition
30% Tensions between inhabitants
Destroyed/dangerous
0%
No interactions
Pre-ownership status No physical /financial resources from community
No ownership
PARTAJA DIAGNOSIS
cooperation weak link