Reshetnev company information satellite systems no 04 2008 by Volker Baumann

June, 2008

JSC «ISS»

years of cooperation

Thales Alenia Space

Information Satellite Systems

«EXPRESS-AM44» telecommunication S/C is being developed by the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» jointly with Thales Alenia Space under the government contract with Rosсosmos, Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications and FSUE «Russian Satellite Communications Company».

S E S AT

EXPRESS-A

EXPRESS-AM

Information Satellite Systems

Dear colleagues, On the 3rd of March 2008 NPO PM named after academician M.F. Reshetnev - the leading enterprise in Russia in developing satellites for different application - was reorganized to the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» (JSC «ISS»). Transfer to a new form of property is the first step on the way of vertical integrated structure forming, including nine more Russian enterprises. The main point of the union is to keep the priority of space subject at each of the enterprises due to finance, production, and intellectual resources. In future it will help to realize perspective government and commercial programs. Today the company actively participates in such prior directions of activity as design and building of communication, navigation, geodesy and relaying spacecraft and satellite systems. Developing the modern satellites for civic use, the JSC «ISS» follows the policy of international cooperation, which was chosen in 90's of the last century by the founder and the first leader of the enterprise - academician M.F. Reshetnev. Thanks to successful industrial contacts with foreign companies, the JSC «ISS» developed 11 modern communication satellites. At present time, jointly with Thales Alenia Space we carry out the work on developing the 15th Siberian-European satellite. The result of that work is qualitative replacement of domestic orbital constellation with communication satellites. Realization of projects like «SESAT», «Express-A», and «ExpressAM» allowed the JSC «ISS» to obtain authority in the international market and become its equal right participant, demonstrated competitive ability of technical solutions and technologies, that our enterprise has and our European cooperation.

JSC «ISS» General Designer and General Director N. Testoyedov

Information Satellite Systems

Contents Mission is completed JSC «ISS» Founder: The JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» 52, Lenin Street, Zheleznogorsk, Zheleznogorsk CATE, Krasnoyarsk region, 662972, Russia Tel: (391-97) 280-08 Fax: (391-97) 226-35 Editorial board: Editor-in-chief: Svetlana Bashkova Build editor: Elena Matveyeva Corrector: Irina Chaikina Written by: Alexander Korenko, Valentin Rayevsky, Mikhail Mikhnev, Eugeny Ashurkov Photo: Vlada Mineyeva, Dmitry Lyahov

On the 3rd of April, the Ambassador of France visited the JSC «ISS» with official visit.

Mutual understanding is the basis of cooperation

All materials were made-up at the editorial office

Interview with the President and Executive Director of «Thales Alenia Space» Pascale Sourisse.

Siberian-European satellites The history of cooperation between the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» and Thales Alenia Space.

New telecommunication satellite «Express-AM44»

Effective sources of energy

The JSC «ISS» will use Li-ion batteries in the powersupply systems of spacecraft.

GLONASS is in the center of attention

The JSC «ISS» took part in the 2nd International Forum on Satellite Navigation.

Equipment and technologies for modern satellites

Production and experimental basis of the enterprise meet the world standards.

JSC «ISS» quality assurance

One team

Translator: Oleg Savinov Design & make-up: Aleksey Shtakh

Introducing the companies-members of the JSC «ISS».

Development goes on

Tel: (391-97) 647-50 e-mail: redactor@iss-reshetnev.ru http://www.iss-reshetnev.ru

Reliable basis of the JSC «Sibpromproekt»

Information period: March May, 2008

Devices for satellites and spacecraft

«Tsiklon» satellite - the foundation of the first generation domestic navigation systems

Information Satellite Systems

F L

«Yubileiny» is in orbit

«ILA-2008» rom 27th of May to 1st of June the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» took part in one of the largest International Air-Show «ILA-2008» in Berlin.

The models of operating and perspective in-house design satellites were presented at the stand of the JSC «ISS». In addition, the company presented the newest satellite platforms «Express-1000H», «Express-2000», and «Express-4000». Du ring the exhibition the delegation of the JSC «ISS», headed by General Designer and General Director Nikolay Testoyedov, held more than 50 meetings and negotiations. Also, Nikolay Testoyedov took part in the First European Air-transport Congress and made a speech in the conference on logistics.

aunching of a small class spacecraft «Yubileiny» took place on 23 May on Plesetsk launch site. This is the first satellite developed by the JSC «Academician

M.F. Reshetnev «Information Satellite Systems» on the basis of nonhermetic platform. Successful implementation of the project became a starting point for production of a new mic rosatellites family. «Yubileiny» is intended for solving a wide range of educational, scientific and research, and technologic tasks. It will help to provide piloting capacity for advanced orientation devices and multifunctional nonhermetic platform for satellites with the mass of 30-100kg. Favorable conditions are created for leading higher-educational institutions of Russia in order to use information from a small-class satellite for teaching-educational purposes. This launching is also significant for the enterprise due to the fact that the satellite manufactured at the JSC «ISS» was put in orbit by the launch vehicle «Rokot» for the first time. Thus, the procedure of launching satellites of this type was tested.

Chief designers meeting

20-21st of March the meeting of Chief designers of space industry enterprises was held at the JSC «ISS». The most urgent problems of

Customer representatives and enterprises, involved in space production cooperation were discussed during the meeting A new program of financing orders under state contracts was considered in connection with acceptance of Russia’s budget for the next three years. Development projects, carried out in the interests of the Ministry of Defense, as well as projects on development of «Loutch», and «Gonets» S/C and «Express2000» satellite platform were considered. A lot of attention was paid to the issue of extended lifetime of on-board equipment for advanced middle class satellite platform «Express1000H» development.

Sviaz-Expocomm-2008

12-16 May, at the 20th International Exhibition of Communication Systems, Telecommunications, Computers and Office

Equipment , the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» represented its perspective developments jointly with Roscosmos. The intense interest of visitors was focused on models of spacecraft: «Glonass-M» navigation satellite, «Express-AM» telecommunication satellite and «Gonets-M» satellite of «e-mail» type. During the exhibition the representatives of the JSC «ISS» held a series of important meetings and negotiations on issues of science and practical interaction.

Cooperat i o n

Information Satellite Systems

Pascale Sourisse, Stanislase de Laboulaye, Nikolay Testoyedov.

Mission is completed The day before Cosmonautics Day the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of France in the Russian Federation, Mr. Stanislase de Laboulaye, visited the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems». He came to Russia for the first time to demonstrate the interest of France in development of industrial cooperation with Russia in the space field. On April 3, 2008 at direct participation of Ambassador the Memorandum of understanding and Memorandum of intention between Siberian Space Company and European companies «Thales Alenia Space» and SAFT were signed.

Technology from Couture Visit of French delegation at the JSC «ISS» started with workshops attendance. For 49 years of work Siberian satellite-builders developed more than 1160 spacecraft, and nowadays the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» has gained modern production basis and Hi-Tech. Mr. de Laboulaye and his attendants could see and appreciate only a slight part of it. They were shown a honeycomb production area, and composite materials production area. In the assembly department General Designer and General Director represented «Glonass-M» navigation spacecraft, «Loutch-2» relaying spacecraft, as well as full-scaled models of «Glonass-K» navigation spacecraft of new generation and «Gonets-M» spacecraft of «e-mail» type, and he told our guests about testing of satellites. Engineering of the Siberians made a great impression. Mr. de Laboulaye expressed his thoughts with the help of well-known French phrase of high fash-

Information Satellite Systems

Signing the Memorandum with SAFT Company.

French delegation during the production attendant.

ion field: «I was delighted with combination of Hi-Tech and amazing scrupulousness in everything - it is a high-accuracy work, technology from Couture!» - he said.

Key moment At the second part of the visit, an event took place, which denoted transition of the JSC «ISS» and French companies into a new phase of cooperation. In presence of mass media representatives and at direct participation of Ambassador of France, the leaders of the JSC «ISS» Nikolay Testoyedov and «Thales Alenia Space» Pascale Sourisse signed the Memorandum of understanding and the Memorandum of intention. The Memorandum of intention provides development and purchasing equipment for telecommunication satellites. Great joint activity preceded its signing. According to Nikolay Testoyedov, it is a new and strategically important step for both companies, because for the first time Russian equipment

for spacecraft is supposed to be delivered to France. It will be used both for joint satellites and satellites of western production. Parties signed the Memorandum of understanding, according to which the JSC «ISS» and TAS will be developing «Express-RV» spacecraft for operation in high-elliptical orbits based on «Express-4000» platform. In 2007 the JSC «ISS» and TAS developed a joint project of new satellite platform. Its distinctive feature is high power, and it is assigned for operation both in geostationary and, with minor modifications, in high elliptical orbit. The spectrum of platform applications is sufficiently wide. «We make an offer for Russian and western satellite communication statements consists in, that the JSC «ISS» in cooperation with Thales Alenia Space is ready for developing, manufacturing and delivering satellites for operation in high-elliptical orbits»- noted Nikolay Testoyedov. During the meeting, the Memorandum of understanding was signed with

SAFT Company - world-known developer and manufacturer of advancedtechnology industrial charging units. The Memorandum provides signing the framework agreement on delivering Liion batteries of SAFT production for satellites that will be manufactured on basis of perspective platform «Express1000H» (production of the JSC «ISS»). General Director of SAFT Company, Philippe Jehanno, evaluated the importance of signed document. He said: «That is the beginning of long-term cooperation with the JSC «ISS» and I am sure, that we can achieve good results, taking into account quality and level of our interaction». Signing the documents serves the further consolidation of partnership between the JSC «ISS» and French companies, and intensifies the points of each company in the international market. The Ambassador’s of France participation in this event stressed the importance of contacts for the Russian-French partnership in the space field.

Cooperat i o n

Information Satellite Systems

Mutual understanding is the basis of cooperation The President and Executive Director of «Thales Alenia Space» Pascale Sourisse answered some questions, concerning the history and perspectives of cooperation with the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems». The interview took place during the meeting of French delegation to the Russian space enterprise in April 2008. – Madam Sourisse, if to survey the history of cooperation between the JSC «ISS» and «Thales Alenia Space», what the most important moments can be noted? – 15 years ago our cooperation with the JSC «ISS» (previously NPO PM) started with joint development of «SESAT» satellite. At that time we had to learn to work together. First - language barrier, and second - compatibility of our operating procedures. From the technical point of view we had to be sure, that payload which we deliver will be compatible with Russian platform. All this work continued for several years. Since that time we have been cooperating successfully, because our teams learned each other very well. At present, we develop satellites for 18 months only. We are ready to turn to a new stage of interaction. Now, our companies are going to participate in designing and manufacturing both payloads and platforms. For 15 years our partnership became stronger and we understand each other very well. – You visited the JSC «ISS» in 2003. What has changed at the enterprise since that time? – Yes, I see a lot of changes and, first of all, technology evolution. That exactly, gives us the ground for transition to a new stage of cooperation. This step was taken during the signing the Memorandum of understanding and intentions. Our interaction with the JSC «ISS» became much more thorough. It assumes procurement of Thales Alenia Space for spacecraft of the JSC «ISS»,

and vice versa, TAS will take some Russian development work for its own production. The fact that we saw during the visit, confirmed us, that technologies of the JSC «ISS» are right for us. We are sure in quality of that product. – What position in the international market of space communication does Thales Alenia Space take? And to what extent the signed Memoranda consolidate company’s positions? – Thales Alenia Space is a leader in telecommunication satellites development in Europe. Certainly, we are interested in keeping that position both, in commercial and government markets. The agreements that we signed, will consolidate competitive ability of Thales Alenia Space and the JSC «ISS». As for government work, now we also discuss some joint projects, and later it will be possible to talk about them in details after required decisions at the government level of Russia and France are taken. – The JSC «ISS» and TAS developed the project of «Express-4000» satellite platform, which is a culmination of both companies positive experience. For what purposes it is developed, and what are the main advantages of satellites on the basis of that platform? –«Express-4000» platform will give a possibility to create on its basis very powerful satellites, designed for both, GEO and HEO orbits. As for GEO orbit, it will be a classical application of the platform on telecommunication satellites. For Russia the elliptical orbits are of great interest, because they allow covering the Arctic regions with high-quality sig-

nals. The main functions of the satellites in elliptical orbits are: communication and meteorology and other missions. All these possibilities are provided especially for Russia, but also can be of a great interest of other countries. So, jointly with the JSC «ISS» we are going to work both, for Russian and international markets. – FSUE «Russian Satellite Communications Company» announced about forthcoming tender for developing new satellites «Express-AM5» and «ExpressAM6». Does TAS plan to take part in this tender jointly with the JSC «ISS»? And how, in this case, the responsibilities are supposed to be distributed? – We are planning to take part in these tenders together and represent satellites on the basis of «Express-4000» platform. It is a new stage of cooperation for our companies and a good case to «turn on» signed documents. Thales Alenia Space will provide a payload, and a platform is a joint product. The most part of work will be performed by the JSC «ISS». – The enterprises also develop other directions of cooperation; in particular they jointly develop new geodetic satellites «Geo-IK2». What is the distribution of work in this project? – In fact, we came into quite another sphere of interaction with the JSC «ISS», so in that project we’ll work in accordance with a scheme, which reminds previous stages of cooperation on development communication satellites. In this case, we supply with two altimeters for installation on a platform of the JSC «ISS» production.

Elena Matveyeva

Information Satellite Systems

Siberian-European

satellites Cooperation of the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev «Information Satellite Systems» and European company Thales Alenia Space began in 1993 with cooperative work on design of the first Russian-European satellite «SESAT». Today the JSC «ISS» and TAS are cooperatively developing the 15th satellite. It’s also worth mentioning the fact that, experience of business contacts of two companies is 15 years long.

The

basis for cooperation of the JSC «ISS» (previously NPO PM) and Thales Alenia Space (earlier - Alcatel Space) is their intention to combine the advantages of Russian and Western technology while developing modern satellites for state and commercial customers. Developing «SESAT» spacecraft (it stands for Siberian-European Satellite), the companies explored each other’s possibilities and thought over the technical part of the project. Due to that, in 1995 they won a tender for development and manufacturing a telecommunication satellite to provide fixed communication in the Central and Eastern Europe. The tender was announced by the European satellite communication organization EUTELSAT. For our country, it was the first satellite delivery «turnkey» contract with an international organization. Participating in this project, the JSC «ISS» was responsible for designing, manufacturing and testing of the satellite platform and thermal control elements of payload module; integration and test of the satellite, as well as for development of the ground control and training the Customer to control a new satellite.

Information Satellite Systems

Thales Alenia Space was responsible for designing, manufacturing, testing and delivery to the JSC «ISS» the satellite payload module. A well-known French company SODERN also took part in development «SESAT» satellite. The company delivered high-efficiency orientation sensors to the JSC «ISS». The contract came into force in 1996. The satellite was launched into orbit on 18th of April 2000, and on the 8th of August it was put in commission. «SESAT» became the first Russian satellite with lifetime of 10 years. It has successfully worked on orbit for 8 years already. In parallel with the realization of «SESAT» project, the JSC «ISS» in cooperation with Thales Alenia Space began the work on replenishment of the Russian orbital constellation. Under the contract with the Russian operator FSUE «Russian Satellite Communications Company» the companies developed and manufactured 4 satellites of fixed communication of «Express-A» family. Thales Alenia Space delivered to the JSC «ISS» transponder blocks. The rest of the work, including designing and manufacturing antennas, was performed by the JSC «ISS» specialists. The first successful launch of «Express-A» spacecraft took place in 2000. Nowadays satellites of this family are still in operation. The next step of successful collaboration of the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev «ISS» and the French company was «Express-AM» project, which included development the series of satellites of the same family under the contract with FSUE «Russian Satellites Communications Company». Their launch was included into the Russian Federation Space Program for 2001-2005.

SESAT S/C

Efficiency of the platform that had been developed for «SESAT» was improved for «Express-AM». Distribution of work on development of payload modules also changed. The JSC «ISS» took responsibility for designing, manufacturing and test of payload module structures, made of high-efficiency aluminum honeycomb panels; thermal control system, comprising a liquid loop, built-in honeycomb pa nels, and partially - antennas and elements of antenna-feeder device tract. Designing, manufacturing, assembling and test of payload modules for «Express-AM11, 22, 2 and 3» satellites was performed by Thales Alenia Space. From 2003 to 2005 these satellites were launched into orbit and put in commission to the Customer FSUE «Russian Satellite Communications Company». The duration of satellites manufacturing was less than 24 months. This figure meets the modern requirements of the world market and is the evidence of the fact, that the JSC «ISS» has coped with all the difficulties (linguistic, technological, normative-technical, legal) that enterprises, entering problematic international cooperation, faced before. These new modern satellites allowed preserving Russia’s orbit-frequency resource and triple the capacity of Russia’s satellite segment. Thanks to the combination of the best Russian and Western technologies, put into practice in «Express-AM», today these satellites are the most efficient in the Russian orbital constellation. In 2004, the further development of «Express-AM» program was promoted. State contracts for designing and manufacturing of two more satellites («ExpressAM33» and «Express-AM44») were signed. The first satellite was put into orbit on 28th of January 2008. «Express-AM44» launching is planned for this year.

At present, the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev «Information Satellite Systems» and Thales Alenia Space have designed a project of a new high-power platform «Express-4000», which will become the base for the satellites of new generation. Apart from telecommunication projects, the companies are working cooperatively on development of relaying and geodesic satellites. In the sphere of geodesic satellites the JSC «ISS», in cooperation with TAS, is developing two geodesic satellites «GEO-IK2». Their launching is scheduled for 2010. In the framework of the Russian Federation Space program for 2006-2015, the JSC «ISS» and TAS are developing geostationary relaying satellites «Loutch-5A» and «Loutch-5B», that will become the basis for the multifunctional relaying space system (MRSS) «Loutch». Launching of these satellites is scheduled for 2010 and 2011. In 2007, the heads of the Federal Space Agency, the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» and Thales Alenia Space signed a Memorandum of mutual understanding on the issues of advanced telecommunication satellite development. Contract on transponder elements delivery for MRSS was also signed. It means that the JSC «ISS» is entering a new stage (in a qualitative sense) of satellite development - designing, manufacturing and test of modern payloads and equipment for them. The JSC «ISS» has been working towards international cooperation for 15 years already. Thanks to that, the Siberians are in the vanguard of domestic satellite production and they create fundamentally new products that exceed both Russian and European techniques in quality.

Signing the contract on «SESAT» S/C development.

P ro j ects

Information Satellite Systems

New telecommunication satellite «Express-AM44» Telecommunication satellite «Express-AM44» is being developed by the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» in cooperation with Thales Alenia Space under a contract with Rosсosmos, Ministry of Information Technology and FSUE «Russian Satellite Communications Company». The launching of the satellite is scheduled for 2008. The JSC «ISS» is responsible for developing the service module and payload module structure. It is also in charge of the satellite integration and tests. Under the contract with FSUE «Russian Satellite Communications Company», Thales Alenia Space manufactures the payload module and delivers it to the JSC «ISS». «Express -AM44», as well as «Express -AM33», launched in the beginning of the year, is being developed in the framework of the Russian orbital constellation modernization program. Since 2001, the JSC «ISS» has taken part in this program as a designer of telecommunication satellites in cooperation with Russian and foreign partners. At present, five spacecraft of «ExpressAM» family provide customers with radioand telecommunication services on the territory of Russia and other countries. «Express-AM33» and «ExpressAM44» spacecraft differ from the previous satellites of that family due to increased transponder capacity, which allows improving the communication parameters in the service areas. Besides, only steerable antennas are used for Ku-bands and C-bands, thus more opportunities for satellite communication operators are created.

In order to make a joint launching of «Express-MD1» and «Express-AM44» possible, the customer (FSUE «Russian Satellite Communications Company») laid down additional requirements to reduce the launching mass of the satellite by 40 kg (up to 2560 kg) in comparison with the previous satellites of the same type. This task could be partially solved due to development of a more lightweight payload module structure. The JSC «ISS» coped with this technical task in a short time. A new honeycomb structure, allowing to decrease satellite mass about 22 kg was designed. Essential PLM structure mass decrease was achieved due to the use of thinner honeycomb covering panels and profile modification of the liquid tract pipe. The rest mass economy was achieved due to the use of improved platform equipment (replacement of solar array deployment drives, use of multiplayer isolation (MLI) with improved mass characteristics, optimization of device support structure and thrusters block brackets).

Spacecraft and Systems Engineering Department, the JSC «ISS»

«Express-AM44» performances: Orbit In-orbit lifetime Orbit position Longitude and attitude orbit-keeping accuracy Spacecraft mass PLM mass Power supply PLM power supply

geostationary 12 years 11°W ±0,05° 2560 kg 575kg 6770 W 4410 W

Communications performances: Ku-band - Number of transponders - Frequency range - Transponder output power - Bandwidth - EIRP - G/T - Quantity and diameter of antennas C-band - Number of transponders - Frequency range - Transponder output power - Bandwidth - EIRP - G/T - Quantity and diameter of antennas L-band - Number of transponders - Transponder output power - EIRP (central station - user) - EIRP (user - central station) - G/T (central station - user) - G/T (user - central station) - Quantity of antennas Launch vehicle

16 14/11 GHz 150 W 54 MHz 49/53 dBW -0,5/+ 6,0 dB/K 1 steerable d=1050 mm, 1 steerable d=650 mm 10 6/4 GHz 100 W 40 MHz 36/47,5 dBW -10/+3,5 dB/K 1 steerable d=2000 mm, 2 global horns 1 85 Вт 36,5/40,5 dBW 23,0 dBW -3,0/+3,5 dB/K -7,0/-3,0 dB/K 2 AF «Proton-M» launcher with «Briz-M» booster or booster of DM type.

T ec h n olo g i es

Information Satellite Systems

Effective sources of energy The main source of energy on board of a spacecraft is a solar battery. Along with that, in order to provide the satellite operability in shadow areas (in GEO orbits the duration is 72 minutes) and accumulation of energy in solar areas, a storage battery is used. The mass of the battery is the half of the whole power-supply system, so the issue of enhancement of battery efficiency is an urgent one in control of power-supply system mass decreasing.

ince 1977, nickel-hydrogen storage batteries are used in power-supply systems of NPO PM production. In comparison with previous nickel-cadmium batteries, they allowed to increase S/C lifetime more than 3 years at the most energy density. The JSC «Saturn» (Krasnodar) achieved the greatest success in designing and developing nickel-hydrogen storage batteries. At present, nickel-hydrogen storage batteries are used in all S/C of the JSC «ISS» production. The lifetime of the batteries is brought to 12,5 years on S/C of «Express-AM» family, and power efficiency - up to 45 W

x h/kg (energy per battery mass). Products of the JSC «Saturn» won the world recognition. TAS (France) and some Chinese enterprises of space industry order the batteries of that company. Designing the modern competitive platforms at the JSC «ISS» facilities, such as «Express-2000» and «Express4000» for a heavy class satellites, and «Express-1000H» for a middle class, demonstrated the necessity of payload power useful increase, under the constant mass of S/C. That fact makes us to search the most effective sources of energy. As for solar arrays, the change of silicon photo elements with 14,5%

Photo 1.

degree of efficiency, for the three-stage GaAs with 26 - 28% degree of efficiency. As for storage batteries, the change for Li-ion. The first attempts of developing domestic Li-ion battery for the space application were made in 2001 - 2002 by FSUE SRE «Alt-En» (Electrougli), by request of NPO PM. However, at that time the establishing of necessary performer cooperation was failed (new materials and technologies were requested), so the work was stopped. In 2006, the analysis of information on Li-ion batteries of foreign manufactures (MELCO - Japan, AEA Technology company - England, SAFT - France) was carried out. French company SAFT achieved a success in energy efficiency (W x h/kg), lifetime characteristics, and flight qualification. The diagrams below, show the comparative characteristics of nickel-cadmium, nickel-hydrogen, and Li-ion batteries (SAFT production) for the spacecraft with power consumption of 8,5 kilowatt. As the diagrams indicate, Li-ion batteries have much better characteristics on energy efficiency, degree of efficiency (heat-emitting), and self-discharge. That year the correspondence with SAFT on technical issues has started, and at the end of the year the group of specialists from our enterprise visited representative offices of the company

Information Satellite Systems

Mass, kg

Photo 2.

Heat-emitting in shadow area, W in Poitiers and Bordeaux. At the meetings there were performed presentations of SAFT and the JSC «ISS». SAFT company produces storage batteries of different electrochemical systems (nickelcadmium, nickel-hydrogen, Li-ion) for ground and space application. The batteries of SAFT production are shown in photo 1. Our specialists studied characteristics, production technology, the level of qualification, and development prospects of Li-ion batteries for space application. During the meeting, the protocol on further interaction between the companies for the use of SAFT batteries on satellites of the JSC «ISS» production was signed. During 2007, the JSC «ISS» kept work on presenting «Express-2000» and «Express-1000H» platforms in tenders for receipting of orders. SAFT Company provided with necessary documentation on batteries for forming the technical proposals to a customer. In April 2008, during the visit of French delegation, the leaders of the JSC «ISS» and SAFT signed the Memorandum of understanding, providing for the frame agreement on delivering Li-ion batteries. At present, negotiations with the customer for two satellites based on «Express-1000H» platform are in progress. In case of positive results of negotiations, the JSC «ISS» intends to

sign a contract with SAFT on batteries delivery. The battery module for that platform is shown in photo 2. The batteries of SAFT production are manufactured on basis of base storage battery with capacity of 39 or 50 Axh. In order to provide necessary energy, the batteries are assembled in a package of 6 items (Li-ion technology of SAFT Company allows that kind of operation), and then the packages are connected in series circuit. The S/C power bus voltage specifies the number of packages. At present, the JSC «Saturn» (Krasnodar), SRAI «Istochnik» (St. Petersburg), and RPE «Kvant» (Moscow) develop li-ion batteries for space application. The JSC «ISS» jointly with the JSC «Saturn» work on development of Li-ion battery experimental module with necessary protecting automatics for the flight qualification of «Glonass-M» spacecraft. The launching of the module is scheduled for the end of 2008. At the JSC «Saturn» facilities the processing line for prismatic Li-ion batteries is built. In accordance with this technology, a specific dimension-type of storage battery is produced in compliance with battery capacity.

Alexander Korenko Leading design-engineer, S/C power-supply systems Department, JSC «ISS»

Self-discharge, % a day

Nav i g at i o n

Information Satellite Systems

GLONASS is in the center of attention

On the 7th - 8th of April 2008, in Moscow, under support of Rosсosmos, Ministry of Information Technologies and «GLONASS/GNSS-Forum» Association, International Forum on satellite navigation took place. Representatives of the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» took part in its work. We had a talk about some of issues and Forum summary with its participant, the First Deputy General Designer, Victor Kosenko.

Victor Kosenko, the First Deputy General Designer, the JSC «ISS».

– Mr. Kosenko, what is the status of International Forum on navigation in parallel with other similar arrangements? What is the main object of Forum, in your opinion? – Today navigation takes the leading positions among all information technologies in the world. Unfortunately, we had no Forums like that in Russia before. And it is in spite of that there are only two operating systems of navigation - American GPS and Russian GLONASS. The Second International Forum on satellite navigation, which was held in April in Moscow, in fact was the first one, taking into account the

spectrum of topics and quantity of participants. The significance of its holding is great. As far as the Forum was held in Russia, it served as the platform for advertisement and forwarding of domestic GLONASS navigation system. Of course, during the Forum there were represented other systems, in particular American system GPS, as well as developing European system Galileo. But considerable part of reports and exhibitions were dedicated to GLONASS. The users’ navigation equipment GLONASS or GLONASS/GPS, developed by Russian manufactures, was demonstrated. The main idea of that arrangement is development of navigation technologies in Russia and their popularization. And the Forum, of course, performed its mission. Recently, there was quite a lot of negative information on development and status of GLONASS system. So, the positive and reliable information that was presented to the Forum, allowed to bring public opinion into accord with the real state of affairs. – What topics were brought up during the Forum? – For today, the situation with digital maps is in a critical state. The point is that, the use of satellite navigation technologies is impossible without good digital maps, developed for the territory of our country. Manufacturing the

maps expects great time and financial expenditures. In this field Russia is behind America that solved this problem last millennium. There are some enterprises that design and develop the maps in Russia, but there is no legal base for operation of navigation service market. However, at the government level all necessary decisions are being made to solve the problem. And I hope, that by the moment when we bring the constellation to the regular complement, the digital maps will be available in Russia. – One of the results of our participation in Forum is acceptance of the JSC «ISS» into «GLONASS/GNSS-Forum» Association. What possibilities are open in face of Association members? – Forum, first of all, is a tribune. And being full members of Association, we obtained full admittance to it. We are going to participate in all organizational meetings of Association on preparation and holding following forums. It gives a possibility of better understanding of the JSC «ISS» activities in the field of navigation and GLONASS space segment development. – During the Forum plenary session you made a speech about perspective of Glonass system development. What is working capacity of Glonass orbital constellation for today? What are the prospects of its development for the

Information Satellite Systems

nearest future? – Today there are 16 satellites in orbit. Thirteen of them are «Glonass-M» and three old «Glonass» spacecraft. Nowadays, 15 satellites are available for users, and one satellite is at the state of maintenance. In the near future it will be put into operation. What does such a state of constellation give? It is about 95% of navigation services availability on the territory of the Russian Federation, and 93% - all over the world. The accuracy capability of «Glonass-M» S/C is about 4 meters. It is slightly worse than capability of GPS system. But we developed the program of accuracy enhancement, and by 2011 we are going to achieve the level of accuracy that GPS, and possibly Galileo systems will have by that time. In 2008, the JSC «ISS» will manufacture 6 «Glonass-M» spacecraft. With the launching of these satellites, and taking into account spacecraft that leave the constellation, during the current year 18 satellites are expected to operate in orbit. They will provide 100% availability of satellite navigation on the territory of the Russian Federation. Next year we also have a task of developing 6 space-

craft, and by 2010 the orbit constellation should consist of 24 operating satellites, plus some redundant satellites. – Is it planning to increase the financing of «GLONASS» Federal Goal Program? – In fact, the «GLONASS» Federal Goal Program was corrected. The President of the Russian Federation and Government approved the increasing of financing the program, and at present it is at the stage of co-coordination with Economic Development Ministry, Ministry of Finance, Department of Defense and other government organizations. We hope that in May-June of the current year the updating will enter into force. It is assumed to have vital financial resources, depending on new requirements for the system, and by the President’s orders, in accordance with augmentation of orbital constellation, it means to enter an additional orbital reserve. – Will the funds be sent to the further development of system space complex? – Of course, this updating, in parallel with augmentation of «Glonass-M» satellites constellation, foresees the beginning of «Glonass-K» flight tests in 2010. On the instructions of the President

of the Russian Federation, the following Federal Goal program on GLONASS system for 2012 - 2020 is being prepared. It will be focused on further development of the system, in particular, additional navigation signals, accuracy enhancement, etc. – The government of the USA announced on beginning of GPS III modernized satellite constellation development. The first S/C will be launched in 2015. The distinguishing feature of that constellation is presence of additional signals. Can our satellites be competitive for American ones? – A new conception of new navigation signals has already developed and accepted, in particular, a parity development of our navigation signals with American and European ones is being considered. Taking into account that the Russian system includes the frequency division of signals, and the American system includes code division, GLONASS system will consist of even more signals in comparison with GPS. «Glonass-K» satellites will have civic signals with code division, in addition to signals with frequency division.

Elena Matveyeva

This year about 1200 delegates from 25 countries of the world and 45 regions of the Russian Federation representing more than 350 enterprises and the organizations are registered at the Forum. Amount of the participants as compared with last year’s event increased by 30%, which shows growing interest in satellite navigation. «GLONASS/GNSS-Forum» Association established special prizes that were presented during the plenary sessions. For the contribution in creation and development of GLONASS Grigory Chernyavsky, ex- First Deputy General Designer, NPO PM, (worked at NPO PM from 1960 to 1984) and chief specialist of Perspective Projects Office of Strategic Development Department Vladimir Cheremisin were awarded. During the section discussions the array of the questions concerning the use of navigating services in Russia and the world has been discussed, in particular: Economic and legal justification of effective use of the means and technologies of satellite navigation; Use of satellite navigation in Russia for steady economic development of the state, in regional and municipal

At «International Forum on Satellite Navigation 2008» the JSC «ISS» was accepted into «GLONASS/GNSS-Forum» Association.

economy, and also for solution of scientific and applied tasks; Systems and equipment for monitoring and controlling motor transport, ensuring safety of vehicles and cargoes; Personal and automobile navigation, electronic cartography; Positioning in cellular networks, competition and partnership; Experience of leading Russian and foreign companies in the use of navigation satellite technologies. By reference of Rosсosmos official site

T ec h n olo g i es

Information Satellite Systems

Sodik machine (Japan)

Equipment and technologies for modern satellites Any activity of the enterprise gives a positive result in case of understanding the tasks. Each weak chain link of production cycle, as a rule, «brings to nothing» the result of team activity. For that, the development strategy should be thought over for several years in advance, taking into account financial expenditure, including running expenses for maintenance of association.

Acoustic chamber

Production development necessary condition for new orders Today, the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» participates in different government programs: «GLONASS Navigation System» Federal Space Program, Federal Goal program, Armament program and others. Participation in realization of the programs - is a rigid competitive activity between enterprises for obtaining the Federal finance. If in 2000 the enterprise obtained 800.000 rubles and we were proud of that result, now our task is - to prove, to undergo an examination by experts, to get conclusion for assigning means from 2009 and follow-up years, as minimum, two orders more. The task is complicated: all possible resources of workshops and technological department engineering personnel, as well as personnel of capital construction department, and economics and finance department. The technology of reequipment includes all production chain: blank production shop, separate

Information Satellite Systems

Drilling-milling machine with intercommunication system, GEMINA, PLURITEC (Italy).

Hermle machine (Germany).

items and components manufacture, assembling production with replacement of a whole production and technological complex, and test basis. Competently considered ideology of reequipment, constant financing, including internal funds, allowed the enterprise to take a decisive step in development in 2006-2007. Today, we not only maintain, but also develop new technologies, that are necessary for modern spacecraft, manufactured on the basis of new equipment and materials. The JSC «ISS» advances other enterprises in equipment and technologies. However, we have to work hard, since purchasing new equipment, or its replacement gives nothing; it is necessary to use the equipment more effectively.

Engineering solutions and considered actions during the satellite production, is in «Spacecraft diagram» at manufacturer facilities. This document is a result of specialists’ collective thinking, depicting the style of Reshetnev company’s activity. The document is generated in a design office and exists up to the spacecraft end of life. That is one of the most successful examples of technological process organization. There are no departures from the process at the stage of assembling. The diagram includes a very clear and easy for understanding the idea of S/C development, test methods and production cycles. The document is an intellectual property of the enterprise, the result of nearly 50years’ activity in the field of spacecraft production. So, it is available for specific specialists of the JSC «ISS».

Technological cycle of satellite creation The JSC «ISS» spacecraft production - is a closed technological cycle, which starts with parts and on-board device manufacture, and ends with satellite integration and test before delivering to the launch site.

Production basis and modern technologies The production basis of the enterprise consists of 626 units of equipment. There are more than 22.000 unified de-

vices for S/C tests, 30.500 devices of geometry at the enterprise. All of them undergo the metrological control, both in proper accredited service and thirdparty companies. The specialists of the enterprise possess most technologies that are necessary for spacecraft creation. Their development has several reasons: absence of providers, too high price, and gain in competitive activity for the right to possess technologies. For example, we saw the honeycombs for the first time in 1998, as a part of payload module developed by French company Alcatel Space (nowadays Thales Alenia Space) for SESAT spacecraft. And in 2002, thanks to work of technologists, designers, and production department, NPO PM could supply Alcatel with honeycomb of domestic manufacture, equipped with built-in hydro tract for series of «Express-AM» spacecraft. In addition to honeycombs, the most perspective technology is development of large dimension transformed antennas, made of polymeric composite materials. Development of that technology is essentially necessary for the team. Even money is not so im-

Information Satellite Systems

portant. And everyone at the enterprise understands that, starting with General Designer and General Director. At present, in order to develop this technology, credit funds are assigned, and new equipment is purchased for obtaining necessary technical characteristics on antennas spokes, horns, and so on. Now, new spokes for antennas, in accordance with new orders like «Loutch-5A» are manufactured with method of manual laying-out. Special attention is focused on development of device production. A special program is developed, which is directed to its modernization and completion with personnel. A good margin was done in a workshop of devices and printed circuit cards, on developing technology of printed circuit cards protective coat on the basis of new equipment and materials like «polypara-xylylene».

Technical reequipment Since 2000 at the enterprise the package plan of technological stability support and renewal of production basis is in action. The main directions of the program are replacement of obsolete equipment and purchasing of new machines with numerical control, reconstruction of working places for S/C assembling and test, as well as creating optimal conditions for the safe operations of personnel. From the very beginning of plan realization, in the network of technical reequipment, at the enterprise was fin-

ished the forming of complete complex for space techniques tests: new generation test equipment was purchased for checking S/C devices of TC&R (control stations and automated control segment); acoustic and anechoic chambers are put into operation. At the same time, exacting requirements to cleanliness level of production areas, temperature and humidity are kept: the program on creating «clean zones» with controlled microclimate is successfully realized at the JSC «ISS». In 2007 33 new modern machines with accessories were purchased. They are: machining center C20 «Hermle» (Germany), turning and milling machines «HAAS» (USA), vacuum furnace «IPSEN» (Germany), band mills «Danabot» (Spain), and electric erosion machine «Sodik» (Japan), and many others. On the whole, at the enterprise there were put into operation 72 units of new equipment and devices. It should be noted that in 2007 the second workplace for electrical testing of «Glonass-M» S/C was created. Thanks to that, in comparison with 2006, doubled S/C quantity testing was provided. Significant result of the last year was creating a site of heat pipes for S/C temperature control system in automatics shop; a new workplace for complex of system modeling; information-calculating complex for control of S/C in-flight. In 2008 at the enterprise the reconstruction of workshops, purchasing of new machines and development of cable production is in progress.

One of the most important tasks of the reequipment program within the next three years - new facility construction for development and testing of large-dimension transformed structures (antennas and solar arrays). The diameter of construction will be 72 meters, height 35 meters the scale of construction and financial expenditure are impressive. The work goes according to approved schedule. Liability of enterprise for customer Rosсosmos - is vast. The final result of that kind of work in 2010 will be production startup and flight test of modern spacecraft. I think that such a leap forward in the history of enterprise was in 1985, when «Loutch» spacecraft was developed. The possibility to have the whole complex of test equipment allows the enterprise to be independent in its development and manufacturing of equipment. An integral part of testing is radio engineering, tightness, and strength tests. Possession and maintenance of complexes like that is not cheap, but it is necessary for development and test of spacecraft units. In support - additional test of «Express-AM44» payload module, that was implemented this year in anechoic chamber. New ideology of spacecraft production and unit-mode test with the help of enterprise facilities allowed us to refuse the presence of the whole complex of testing equipment at customer’s facilities. Several specialists of our enterprise were awarded the Government Prize for that work. Summing up, it should be noted that nowadays the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» has production and experimental basis that allow to manufacture competitive product, that meets the requirements of customers and international quality standards.

Mikhail Mikhnev JSC «ISS» Deputy Chief Engineer, Production Manager

К ач е с т в о

Information Satellite Systems

JSC «ISS» quality assurance Nearly 50 years, the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» has been developing and manufacturing spacecraft to the benefit of State and other customers. Modern satellites of civic use are manufactured jointly with leading European companies. During the years of work, a multilevel system of quality assurance for every stage of spacecraft life cycle is created: from the stage of designing up to the launching and in-orbit operation. Deputy General Director on Quality, Victor Maksimov, tells about the JSC «ISS» experience in the sphere of quality management.

– Mr. Maksimov, the JSC «ISS» has been developing spacecraft for more than 15 years in cooperation with foreign companies. Famous satellite SESAT was manufactured by request of «Eutelsat» European satellite communication organization. Are there any differences between Russian an Western approaches to the quality assurance of space techniques? – The first contacts of our enterprise with foreign companies started in 1990's, when jointly with the Canadians we were studying the issues of «Sovcanstar» satellite creation. At that time, the cooperation with potential partners indicated, that approach to creating rocket space techniques in Russia and in the West is, by the highest standards, the same. There are some differences in technologies, but the principles of quality assurance are similar. First of all, it is a very careful ground experimental product working-off, careful materials selection, strict technology of S/C fabrication, and management of variances

during the process of fabrication, and maintenance of the product in operation. The point is that, the space techniques itself makes high demands to quality assurance at all the stages of development. The acknowledgement of the Russian Quality Standards compliance to European ones, was a contract on developing SESAT S/C, where it was written that development and manufacture of the satellite is going to be performed in accordance with Russian standards requirements and requirements of the contract, in other words - customer. The work on developing SESAT satellite allowed us to gain a great experience in studying foreign standards, coordinate Russian and Western quality requirements, taking into account their differences. At the same time, we didn't adopt experience of foreign companies, but constructively modernized it. In particular, at the enterprise there was implemented commis-

sion control at the critical points of engineering process, which provided objective estimation of product quality. Previously, a specific performer implemented that work. Besides, for the purpose of reduction of equipment return we set a commission consideration of availability for delivery at adjacent enterprises. That allows analyzing the effectiveness of experimental work, and estimating the observance of all requirements of processing and design documentation during the elements manufacturing. Moreover, we carry out regular audits for estimating the effectiveness of our providers quality management systems. As the result, we started cooperation with European partners. Obtained experience can and should be claimed at other Russian enterprises of space industry. We prepared and sent our proposals (state brunch standards, defining order of design, work out, manufacture and test of rocket-space techniques) on adjustment of State standard docu-

Information Satellite Systems

mentation to Federal Space Agency and the Russian Ministry of Defense Institution. – Does the quality management system of our enterprise meet the international standards? What documents confirm that? – The quality management system of our enterprise is certified in the Space Techniques Certification Center. The certificate confirms that the quality management system of our enterprise meets the requirements of ISO P 9000 standard, issued in 2001. During the last two years we carried out the work jointly with Thales Alenia Space on harmonization of current standards. We took into account such points like reliability, quality, and use of components and materials, as well as radiation hardness. Analysis indicated that our approaches are similar. – What are, at your opinion, weak points in the quality assurance system? And what are the ways of solving the problem? – The major problem, as before, is «human factor». Frequently, a performer treats to that point formally, thinking that it is not his «zone of responsibility». For that purpose, in his opinion, there are special departments of technical control and labs at the enterprise. In fact, product quality depends on quality of work at a concrete working place, and as a result - the future of the enterprise and personal welfare of every employee. Customers deal with providers with a good reputation of products. In conditions of market economy, availability of orders defines economic stability of any enterprise.

At the JSC «ISS», for quality maintenance, the system of personnel motivating is in action. It includes option money by the result of work, procedures of certification, and system of control coupons. Each worker is certified for implementing of specific qua lity work. For instance, deprivation of three coupons means releasing from definite type of work. For design office and operating departments, the system of motivation through the coefficient of work quality is in action, and it affects the bonus rate. It is greeted if departments seek for new ways of quality effect. For example, there is a norm-control office in the standard department of our enterprise. Its responsibility is to control the compliance of design documentation to requirements of normative documents. It is implemented in order to obtain the unity of their understanding and interpretation. The staff of the office carries out the analysis of remarks (given by design office) quarterly. They detect «disturbers» and repetitive errors. If necessary, they hold seminars for such departments. – The JSC «ISS» develops satellites jointly with domestic providers of electronic components. Does the quality of delivered product satisfy the requirements of space techniques? Is the level of the product comparable with foreign analogues? – The events in 1990's in Russia influenced to enterprises that produce electronic components. Today, the quality of domestic electronic components for the rocket-space industry «leaves much to be desired». We work with providers of electronic compo-

Components quality testing at the JSC «TTC-NPO PM».

nents. Moreover, for 6 years at the JSC «ISS» the Board on components is in action, including representatives of adjacent. The Board was founded with the object of forming and realization of united policy in the field of purchasing and application of electronic components; selection of components in accordance with reliability and quality, expelling of unfair providers, components screening at manufactures facilities. One of the most necessary elements of components quality maintenance for on-board equipment is testing at TTC. During the development of S/C with long lifetime, each component, besides inspection test, is tested additionally at the JSC «TTC- NPO PM» facilities. Test objectives are to detect potentially unreliable components and not to accept the use in operating pro ducts. – Do you know any government programs on developing of electronic components? If yes, how effective are the actions? – There are some programs that are invested by the government. But unfortunately there's a problem - not designing of components (Russian engineers are able to solve any complexity tasks), but manufacturing itself. That is the problem of production accessories. When the matter concerns a single product, the work is realized abroad. However, this algorithm is not good for mass-production. That's why, in some products we have to use imported top-level components (categories «military», and «space»). In ge neral, such components are produced in the USA. – This year, the process of integrated structure forming on the basis of the JSC «ISS» will be finished. Is there the unity in understanding of fundamental quality management principles at all 10 enterprises? – All the enterprises that will go to the structure of the JSC «ISS» have certificates for quality management systems. In the result of audits we found out that our approaches to quality management are similar. And today we have all reasons to announce that the «cells» of future Corporation are ready for forming united policy.

Elena MATVEYEVA

Information Satellite Systems

JSC “Research & Production Enterprise “Geofizika-Cosmos” (Moscow) JSC “Research & Production Center “Polyus” (Tomsk)

JSC “Research & Production Enterprise “Kvant” (Moscow) JSC “Research & Production Enterprise of Space Instrumentmaking” (Rostov-on-Don)

JSC “Siberian Devices and Systems” (Omsk)

JSC “Testing Technical Center - NPO PM” (Zheleznogorsk) JSC “NPO PM - Small Design Bureau” (Zheleznogorsk)

JSC “NPO PM - Razvitie” (Zheleznogorsk)

JSC “Sibpromproekt” (Zheleznogorsk)

one

team

Информационные Information Satellite спутниковые Systems системы

Development goes on Alexander V. Korablev, Director of the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie»

History of «NPO PM - Razvitie» began in 1997. Just then, the enterprise was separated out of FSUE «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» NPO PM» as an affiliate company on support of intelligent business. One year later, antennas production became the reference direction of the enterprise.

Was born on March 9, 1960, in Krasnoyarsk26. In 1984 graduated from branch of the Krasnoyarsk Polytechnic Institute, department «Mechanical Engineer». After that, Alexander V. Korablev applied for a job at NPO PM. At the beginning he was an engineer and later became a sector manager. Since 1999 to 2003 - a leading engineer, head of antenna ground station department (AGS) SUE «NPO PM - Razvitie». 2003 - 2006 - director of production deputy, head of AGS, SUE «NPO PM - Razvitie». Since November 2006, Alexander V. Korablev is a director of the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie»

ccording to ex-director of the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie», now General Designer and General Director of the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» Nikolay Testoyedov, in 90's there was made a strategic true resolve to turn science intensive production into «consumer goods». Nobody else in Russia manufactured antennas of such high quality and class. Today the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie» is the company that able to implement the complete cycle of activities on developing antennas for ground satellite stations and radio links, including design, documentation development, test and maintenance. The company manufactures antennas of any modifications. More than a half of production volume - are antennas for the ground stations of satellite communication and telecasting. At that, the production of antennas is piece-work. Each antenna is the only one of its kind, not only by physical configuration but also by technical parameters. High-quality and professional class antennas make a real competition to imported analogues. The Design Office staff of the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie» jointly with the specialists of the JSC «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» Information Satellite Systems» perform a great volume of work, providing support and correction of operating design documentation (DD) and is-

sue of documents for new antennas models. At present time, it has already issued the design documentation for 16 models of satellites antennas with diameter from 1.5 m up to 9.3 m and 35 models of antennas from 0.3 m up to 2.4 m for relay links. Specialists of the JSC «NPO PM Razvitie» for the first time developed the design documentation for antenna with dual-focus coupled reflector and rotating irradiator. Its manufacturing has been started. Among the most interesting development of resent time we can mention the following: Mobile complex of 2 full-circle antennas, (2,5 m); Mobile complex of 2 full-circle antennas, (7,0 m); Portable demountable antenna, (2,4 m); Antenna reflector, (1,8 m), with allwelded irradiator, manufactured for Irkutsk Institute of the Earth aero physics. New constructively layout circuits of transmit-receive antennas were successfully approved at the draft level and contain original engineering solutions, new elements, devises, as well as universal control algorithms. Antennas are developed in accor dance with requirements specifications of communication statements. The most known ones are: the JSC «Gascom», the JSC «Rostelecom», FSUE «Russian Satellite Communications Company», close

Information Satellite Systems

corporation «Zoned Holding», FSUE «РТРС» branch «Siberian Regional Center», closed corporation «Vostoktelecom», YTC, FSUE «РТРС» «Far Eastern Regional Center», FSUE MDO «Sviaz», the Limited Liability Corporation «Telecom-proekt - 5» and others. Year to date, the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie» has manufactured more than 700 satellite antennas. East most point of antenna stations mounting is Anadyr, West most point is Kaliningrad, North most point is Dixon. In 2003, the company proceeded to manufacture antennas of 0,6 - 2,4 m for relay stations. The same year, the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie» developed fundamentally new product - antenna for operation in control-alignment stations of GPS-GLONASS navigation systems. The antennas like that are recommended to use as precision ones. At present, the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie» produces 27 certified modifications of radio-relay antennas. Annually, 10 12 new modifications are developed. Serial production of radio-relay antennas (RRA) was set up by individual request of customers. The main consumers of RRA are: Public Corporation «ARD Satcom Service», close corporation «Sviaz» (Kazakhstan), the Limited Liability Corporation «DOSPV» (Kazakhstan), Public Corporation RPC «Geizer», RPC «Mikran». Antennas, developed and manufactured by the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie»

are the best in the world. Comparative tests of Zheleznogorsk ground antenna stations and analogous products of «Prodeline» and «Andrew» American companies (world leaders in antennas production) indicated that according to electrical and mechanical parameters, antennas manufactured at the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie» are not worse than American ones, and at the same time, the price is much lower. The enterprise has no competitors in Russia, in spite of the fact that many Moscow companies produce ground antenna stations. Along with the main directions of activity, the staff developed a new kind of work and types of products: designing, supply, assembling, commissioning and maintenance of cable and on-air broadcasting systems; internet access service; development of automated control systems and measurements, information processing and transfer; development and manufacture remote control items of fine mecha nics; development and supply of VME standard equipment for power drive control; designing, manufacture and assembling of tower and face-wall clocks. Manufacturing of tower and face-wall clocks plays a specific role in activity of the enterprise. In 2004, with the victory of famous Krasnoyarsk chimes - tower clock on the City Administration build-

ing, designed and manufactured by the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie» jointly with FSUE «Academician M.F. Reshetnev» NPO of Applied Mechanics» - the annual Russian contest «Clock of the Year» has finished. And in April 2008, a unique (for Siberian region) tower clock, manufactured at the enterprise, was installed on the front wall of Spaso-Preobrazhensky cathedral. The sample for that clock was mechanical clock of Troits-Sergiev Monastery, however, in contrast to prototype, electronics is responsible for the running gear of Abakan's clock. Annually, the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie» carries out products seminar-pre sentations, that at present time are the first-rate and representative forums on satellite and radio-relay communication in Siberian region of Russia. With every passing year, the subject of seminar is focused on concrete group of users and dedicated to new antennas development and achievements of the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie» for the last year. Satellite communication statements, equipment providers and organizations that operate satellite and radiorelay links from all regions of Russia, participate in seminars. Today, the JSC «NPO PM - Razvitie» is a successfully developing company, surely gained the place in the Russian market and coming to a new turn of development, thanks to obtaining an international certificate, which confirms the high quality of product.

Information Satellite Systems

Polyaev Nikolay General director of the JSC «Sibpromproekt» Was born on March 1, 1936 in Omsk region. In 1960 he graduated from Novosibirsk Engineering-Building Institute, the department «Industrial Engineering». Qualification – engineer-construction. Since 1960 to 1962 - engineer at the construction of testing complex of Krasnoyarsk engineering plant. Since 1962 to 1971 - engineer; principal engineer; principal specialist of «Ipromashprom» East Siberian branch (ESBI) - the branch of «Ipromashprom» Moscow institute. Since 1971 to 1993 - chief engineer; ESBI Manager deputy. Since 1993 to 2005 - Director of Siberian Design Institute of Machine-building (Sibpromproekt) (assignee of ESBI). Since 2005 up to present day - General Director of the JSC «Sibpromproekt». Awarded with Labor Red Banner Order; Friendship of Nations Order; Medal in the name of S.P. Korolev.

Reliable basis of the JSC «Siberian Design Institute of Machine-building» (Sibpromproekt) The JSC «Siberian Design Institute of Machine-building» is one of the largest Institutes in Krasnoyarsk region, design buildings and facilities of any complexity, dimensions and application. At present day, the enterprise has 49 years' experience of successful activities in this field.

History of establishment The IPROMASHPROM Design Institute (at that time the company was called GSPI-7 - State Specialized Project Institute) was established on the 1st of April, 1959 in accordance with Central Committee and Cabinet Council of the USSR decree # 375-178. Then the # 3 order of the State Committee under the USSR Council of Ministries on defensive techniques was issued. On the 27th of May, 1959 Nikolay Tsukanov was appointed the first Director of GSPI-7 - State Specialized Project Institute # 3. That date is considered as the official date of Institute establishment. At the beginning of 60’s of the last century, the new production output of defensive techniques was being created at the facilities of Krasnoyarsk engineering plant («Krasmash»). GSPI-7 was established for operative solutions of design issues and deve loping design documentation, that’s why it was located at «Krasmash». It was the first team from Moscow leading research institute consisted of 20

specialists. Later, the branch deve lopment staff transferred to Krasnoyarsk-26. In 1967 the branch #3 was renamed as the East-Siberian branch of Ipromashprom (in short «ESBI»). That name was obtained up to present day. Since 1987 the institute staff removed to a new and spacious building, which was designed by the specialists of the institute and constructed under their participation. At that period the number of staff was about 600 employees. It was the prosperity of the institute at the Soviet period of its history. In 1991 East Siberian Branch Institute was reorganized as independent State Design Institute «Sibpromproekt» by authority of Ministry of Machinebuilding. During the last 15 years, Nikolay Polyaev was the head of the institute. Previously, he was the chief engineer of the institute during 22 years. In 2006 the institute was reorganized as the joint-stock company «Siberian Design Institute of Machine-building», 100% shares of Government. On 16, March, 2006 Federal Service of finan-

Information Satellite Systems

cial market of the Russian Federation registered a report on results of the JSC «Sibpromproekt» share issue. Privatization of the institute was implemented in the network of Federal Goal Program «Reprocessing and development of defense-industrial complex (2002 - 2006)», approved by Government Decree of the Russian Federation in October 11, 2001, # 713 by the Russian Federation President Decree in June 09, 2006 on «About the Joint-stock Company «Information Satellite Systems».

Institute and space branch In 1960’s the institute took a direct part in developing and construction of «Nauchno-Proizvodstvennoe obiedinenie Prikladnoi Mekhaniki» (at present the JSC «ISS»). The most buildings of that space company are designed by architects and engineers of Design Institute. All the antennas, both ground and onboard, developed at the JSC «ISS», are tested at antenna-feeder complex. That complex was established with the parti cipation of «Sibpromproekt» specialists and represents a big tower (diameter is 60 meters, height - 35 meters) with antenna that is directed to a test source of signal. The distinctive feature of the tower is that it was built by a unique technology without any metal constructions and parts. There is one more building of A/F (antenna-feeder) - 1A. It was designed by Zheleznogorsk Institute and assigned for integration and test of large dimensioned flexible antennas.

By design of «Sibpromproekt» one of the JSC «ISS» buildings was built with an anechoic chamber and a high-capacity room for acoustic, dynamic, and static tests of spacecraft. At present, architects and engineers of design institute promote to successful realization of «Global navigational satellite system» Program, in particular, information-calculating complex of GLONASS system civic component was fully reconstructed. The JSC «Sibpromproekt» fulfils the complex of design work on reconstruction and technical reequipment of FSUE «Krasmash» (Krasnoyarsk). That enterprise is a manufacturer of sea-equipment, as well as basic module of booster for launch vehicles. In a short space of time, test beds for boosters were designed at chemicals plant, located in Podgorny village, affiliated branch of FSUE «Krasmash». FSUE Central Design Office «Geophysics» (Krasnoyarsk) is one of the constant customers. The JSC «Sibpromproekt» takes an active part in cooperation with Siberian State Aerospace University named after academician M.F. Reshetnev (SibSAU). SibSAU - is an institution of higher education where specialists for the Russian air and space branches are trained. Many graduate students later on apply for a job at the JSC «ISS». The specialists of the JSC «Sibpromproekt» designed the most modern architectural design of SibSAU facilities on the Kotelnikov Square, in Krasnoyarsk. So, the future of Zheleznogorsk Design Institute «Sib-

promproekt» is related to successful development of space branch.

Institute today The JSC «Sibpromproekt» possesses the full package of licenses for designing buildings on the territory of the Russian Federation. The Institute fulfils the complex designing of residential, industrial and public buildings of any complexity and dimensions. The specialists of the institute propose the complete complex of services on buildings design: from preproject proposals to commissioning. Since 2000, the JSC «Sibpromproekt» indicates the confident development of the most economic activities. Since 2001 to 2007, the make quantity increased more than ten times. As the result, the institute was presented with «Econo mic Development Leader» international prize. At present time there are about 150 staffers in the institute - a professional team of architects, engineers and designers. The significant part of architectural-engineering staff has more than 20 years’ experience. Some of them are honored with the government awards. There are a lot of young specialists with a great potential. Today, the institute is able to carry out any scale project. The sphere of institute influence is spread out upon the whole Siberian region. By designs of the institute, the objects are being built in Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo and Omsk regions.

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Yegupov Anatoly, General Director of the JSC «RPE Geofizika Cosmos» Was born in 1949 in Druzhkovka town, Donetsk region. Higher education; in 1975 graduated from Leningradsky Economical and Engineering Institute named after P. Toliatty, by specialty of «Planning Engineer». Had been working at RPE «Geofizika» since 1981, from the position of a Department Manager up to General Director Deputy on planning and economy. In 2000 has been appointed Director of «RPE Geofizika-Cosmos», and in 2007 General Director.

Devices for satellites and spacecraft The Joint-Stock Company «Research & Production Enterprise «Geofizika-Cosmos» is a leading enterprise in Russia, that produces optoelectronic devices of attitude and navigation for spacecraft of different application.

A little history An optical workshop, established by Fedor Schwabe in 1850 in Moscow, became the first-rate joint-stock production enterprise by 1912. Since 1917 it is called «Geofizika». Later, the enterprise was called «Plant # 217», «Plant # 589», Central Design Office # 589, Central Design Office «Geofizika», RPE «Geofizika». In 1997, on the basis of RPE «Geofizika» subdivisions, that manufactured optical electronics for space application, a subsidiary production unit SUE «RPE «Geofizika-Cosmos» was established, and in 2002 it was reorganized as FSUE «RPE «GeofizikaCosmos». In 2007, in pursuance of the Russian Federation President Decree # 574 from June 09, 2006 «About the JSC «ISS» the enterprise was reorganized as the JSC «RPE» Geofizika-Cosmos». Today, the enterprise consists of six scientific and research divisions, that carry out devel-

opment, test and support the production of optic-electronic devices; operating departments, including mechanoprocessing and optical production, and assembly shops; technological department; test department that provides the complete complex of mechanical, thermal vacuum and climatic tests of devices.

Progress in space field Nearly all spacecraft (S/C) of soviet, and then Russian manufacturing have equipment, produced at the JSC «RPE «Geofizika-Cosmos». Since 1958 the enterprise has designed and manufactured 288 types of space devices, including 87 builder of local vertical, 78 sun sensors, 42 star sensors. On the 7th of October, 1959, with the help of the light vertical, developed at Central Design Office-589, the Luna-3 S/C was oriented in space, that took a picture of the dark side of the Moon. In 1960, the first soviet S/C were equipped with the first infrared builder of local vertical and sun sensor. A visual device «Vzor», that allowed a pilot to make manually the triaxial orientation of artificial satellite, was developed especially for astronaut-inhabited spacecraft. Yuri Gagarin saw the Earth from space for the first time with the help of that device. The solar-sidereal device 25K, the solar-planet device 29K and others were used for automatic control of interplanetary probe orientation that explored Mars and Venus in 1960’s. The Central Design Office «Geofizika» took part in realization of all stages of soviet lunar program (in particular, the «light» devices 101K, 112K

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were produced at the enterprise). The RPE «Geofizika» developed a series of unique devices for «Buran» space complex. The control systems of geostationary communication satellites «Loutch», «Potok», «Gals», «Express», «Arkos» were equipped with 220K1, 251K and 254K devices of orientation. The geostationary communication satellites of «Raduga» and «Gorizont» families were equipped with devices of 187K, 191K and 194K types. 30 devices had been successfully operating on board of «Mir» orbital station for many years, on the mainframe - more than 15 years. Since 2003, sun sensor of 331K type is used on S/C of GLONASS system. The sensor of the Earth horizon of 343K type is installed on «KazSat» Kazakhstan satellite that was launched into orbit in 2006. At present, the testing of new generation devices is coming to the end, in particular, 347K static sun sensors (field of view more than hemisphere), 339K (mass < 60 g, power consumption < 0.1 W) and 337K, 344K static sensors of the Earth horizon (for altitude 180 40000 km). In 2007, the JSC «RPE «GeofizikaCosmos» developed equipment for the «Yubileiny « S/C on the basis of perspective devices: 343K static sensor of the Earth horizon and 347K static sun sensor. Enterprise is busy with developing and manufacturing equipment for the Earth’s atmosphere and space exploration, in particular, 11-channel spectroradiometer was installed on «Meteor» S/C, binocular radiometer 286K («Mir» orbital complex) was used for

exploration of S/C gas-dust environment lighting performances and space debris. Since 1970’s, the JSC «RPE «Geofizika-Cosmos» is the only developer and manufacturer of rockets astrocorrection sea-complexes, as well as onboard heat direction-finding equipment for space system of early warning. The enterprise participated in the following national space programs: «Cosmos», «Vostok», «Soyuz», «Salut», «Mir», «Buran», «Venera», «Mars», «Meteor», «Express», and «Yamal». «RPE «Geofizika-Cosmos» is a participant of some international programs like «Soyuz-Apollo», «Phobos», «Bion», «Astron», «Granat», International space station. In future, the enterprise will participate in projects like «Express-1000», «Glonass-K», «Canopus», «Vulkan», «Yamal-300» and others.

Innovation projects A great attention today is focused on application of innovation hi-tech projects, for manufacturing necessary civic products. The production of onboard passive remote gas-analyzer on the basis of IR-Fourier spectroradiometer is in progress. It is able to detect and identify chemical pollutant in atmosphere in real-time mode at the distance of 5 km. The unit can be used in mobile complexes for monitoring of atmospheric pollution in tunnels, on highways, at the airports, workshops and warehouses, close to heating and power plants, dumps, petrochemical plants, rubbish-burning plants and so on.

Quality system The enterprise quality system is certificated to meet requirements of Regulation РК-98, GOST Р ISO 9001-2001, GOST PB 15.002-2003 and other standards. The JSC «RPE «Geofizika-Cosmos» has a license of space activities in the field of developing, manufacturing and test of pre-production models, production, repair, maintenance, field and guarantee supervision of navigation optoelectronic and optomechanic systems, experimental equipment, simulators and training facilities for launch vehicles and spacecraft.

Manpower policy Today, the actual task of the JSC «RPE «Geofizika-Cosmos» is to transfer great experience to the youth. So we attend to attract young people. The enterprise made long-term contracts on research cooperation and training specialists with Moscow colleges and institutes (MSAPI, MIIGA-K, MEI) and Moscow technical school of space instrumentation industry. Many students of the institutes and colleges do a practical work at our enterprise. The «Regulation on securing young specialists at the enterprise» is active. Workers with high professional experience and interested in promotion, who can be appointed leaders, are inscribed in a perspective personnel reserve. At the JSC «RPE «Geofizika-Cosmos» there is a highly qualified staff of workers and engineers. The enterprise has all necessary production, test, metrological, simulation facilities and unique test benches.

H i stor y

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«Tsiklon» satellite the foundation of the first generation domestic navigation systems

On the 7th of May, 1968 from «Plesetsk» launch site, the navigation-communication satellite «Tsiklon» (named «Cosmos-220») was launched into orbit with the help of launch vehicle «Cosmos-3M». Both satellite and launch vehicle were developed at NPO PM's facilities under the direction of M.F. Reshetnev. At that time, during the rapid space development, the public didn't perceive a new satellite as a sensation. Six months before, the first spacecraft «Cosmos-192» with the same functions was launched into orbit by NPO PM. However, the launching of «Cosmos-220» satellite was remarkable by two reasons. First, the satellite became the basis for the following domestic navigation systems of the first generation (the satellites of GLONASS system are the second generation). Second, a unique magneticgravitational position control system, which was replicated at a series of enterprises of that field. It was the only system protected by branch standards.

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t the end of 50's of the 20th century in the USSR and in the USA, the development of new radio-navigation systems started. The systems were the navigation support facilities for triad sea component of strategic nuclear force. The American radio navigation system «Transit» started operation in 1964 in the network of the united program, including development of nuclear underwater missile-carrier and ballistic missiles of «Polaris» type. The system was developed for submarines support. Later, the sphere of application spread out to surface ships of the USA naval forces and commercial sea-crafts. At that period of time, a new-founded enterprise OKB-10 (in the future - the JSC «ISS») had a task of searching work claimed by the government. The determining event was a meeting of M.F. Reshetnev and G.G. Tolstolutsky, head of naval forces communication service and control department, vice-admiral, a man of deep understanding the importance of space techniques role. This meeting initiated the great creative work and predetermined the future of NPO PM. The development of satellite radionavigation system started in 1963. OKB-10 was the prime developer of the system on the whole, and a navigation satellite, in particular. Later on, all domestic radio-navigation and geodetic systems were developed with the leading role and direct participation of our enterprise. Admiral G.G. Tolstolutsky, being the head of communication service, set an object the simultaneous solution of two tasks: communication and navigation. As a result, the «Tsiklon» satellite was manufactured for seamen, and its construction was the basis for the series of different application satellites, launched into circular pre-polar orbits with the altitude of 800 - 1500 km by

«Cosmos-3M» launch vehicle. The mentioned satellites of space systems are «Tsiklon», «Parus», «Tsikada», «Nadezhda», «Strela-2M» and others. The sum total, in Krasnoyarsk and Omsk there were manufactured more than 200 satellites of that type. The common characteristics of that series of satellites are cylindrical shape solar arrays, used as a radiator of temperature control system; availability of in-house design gravitational position control system; high-level of unification of other satellite systems, units and constructions. In contrast to American system, which provides the definition of planned position coordinates by measuring of dualfrequency Doppler translation of signal from «Transit» satellite, the domestic radio-navigation satellite «Tsiklon» allowed to solve additional tasks. First, except similar American dual-frequency radio-signal, the satellite emitted a radio-signal assigned for on-board coursedetector system correction by means of true meridian direction determination. Second, as stated above, the satellite was equipped with transponder for radiotelegraph communication of submarines with shore control stations. Communication could be implemented both in the direct retransmission mode (location of user and shore station in a zone of radio visibility, i.e. up to 4000 - 5000 km) and time-lagged for data transfer by the satellite. In contrast to «Transit», our S/C was equipped with triaxial position control system, first developed in the USSR. Whereas the enterprise was responsible not only for developing the satellite, but for communication-navigation system on the whole, it had to decide the issues that were unusual for Design Office, on providing the accuracy characteristics of navigation system. Development and application of autonomous passive automatic position control system, which is a unique one

Actuating unit – electromagnetic device of «Tsiklon» S/C position control system.

Actuating unit - gravitational device of «Tsiklon» S/C position control system.

and by its characteristics exceeded fo reign analogues, required to carry out research in different fields, to create new technologies, develop and produce the fundamentally new test and measuring environment. There was created a new infrastructure of testing at the place of launching, determined standards, methods and facilities of system details and assemblies magnetic control; obtained and standardized a list of materials, allowed for the system elements production. There were worked out the methods of S/C spatial orientation determination in flight at on-board single-vector measurements; created the methodologies of workshop and ground test; manufactured and applied appropriate equipment. For the S/C control at the initial phase of flight, the relevant algorithms and program-methodical documents were worked out. During designing the system and its components, the principle of responsiveness at any failures or worstcase situations was applied. In spite of experimental character of development work, and in connection with obtained high characteristics, the system was taken into operation. «Tsik-

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lon» S/C became the base for a whole series of spacecraft of different applications, and later on it was designated as KAUR-1. Primarily, the development of position control system for «Tsiklon» S/C was committed to series of Moscow research institutes, but in 1964, we made an unprecedented resolve to carry out this work by ourselves. Taking into account under-time, complexity and novelty of position control system as well as lack of such an experience, the decision like that was, to put it mildly, very bold. Development of magnetic-gravitational position control system was the result of engineers, technicians, investigators and workers cooperation. It is impossible to mention all of them. More than 40 inventors certificates, Government prize in 1970 (L.A. Miroshnichenko), the Russian Federation prize in 2006, and many government rewards indicate about that. During the launch of the satellite, reputation and hard work of the team was under threat. Because of off-nominal separation, the spacecraft obtained angular velocities that iteratively exceeded rated values. Magnetic-gravitational position control system wasn't able to manage it. The spacecraft was on the brink of destruction, and at that time Sergey Kalinovich, Valentin Rayevsky, Gennady Titov and Sergey Yakovlev saved collective work and the honor of the enterprise. In conditions of research control center RCC-4 (Bolshevo, Moscow region), having in arsenal limited ground and on-board resources, they were able to orient the S/C and restore its operational capability. Within the following 40 years of ope ration, magnetic-gravitational position control system and its modifications had no remarks.

Valentin Rayevsky, Doctor of technical science, chief specialist of S/C correction and position control systems design and test department, the JSC «ISS».. Eugeny Ashurkov, chief specialist of satellite and systems general design department, the JSC «ISS».

Navigation-communication satellite

«Tsiklon»

Mission: • Plan coordinates determination; • Determination of true meridian direction; • Providing communication in «e-mail» mode and direct retransmission in a general zone of visibility.

Performances: • Orbit parameters - Orbit . .........................................circular; - Altitude .........................................1000 km; - Inclination ........................................83°; • Number of S/C in the system ...................4; • Navigational accuracy: - by plane coordinates...........................80-100 m; - by course-detection ...........................1-3 angular minutes; • Frequency band: - Doppler system .................................150; 400 MHz; - Goniometric system ..........................10 GHz; • Short-time stability ..................................1х10-10; • S/C mass ...................................................≈800 kg; • Attitude control system type ................magnetic-gravitational; • Positioning accuracy . ...............................±10°; • Embodiment ..............................................hermetic container with solar array on the cylindrical body as a TCS (thermal control system); • Thermal control system type ...................gas-liquid; • Launch vehicle ..........................................«Cosmos-3M»; • Launch site ................................................«Plesetsk».

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