The Making Community A sustainable community living project
Prassana Venktesh Sriram 19129822 DS1
Contents
Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Sustainable community, A Case study
The Lodge project The module
The Producing community Biophilia Modularity
1
Technical details
Atmospheric views
Module development
3D peel off
Water recycling
Structural detail
Sustainablility in the proposal
Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis
Incrementality
Floor plans
Structural precedent Design for disassembly
Materiality
Circularity in the community
Site development
Atmospheric views
The brief
Module + site
Atmosphere section
Design for disassembly detail
Final proposal
4
5
6
End users
Strategic Definition
Module with orientation
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
Spatial Coordination
Techology Design
FCBS Carbon evaluation
Final Proposal
Sustainable community? A timeline leading up to the concept of a Sustainable community/ eco-village
Industrial revolution The industrial revolution brought about mass production of goods & electricity which in turn burned fossils fuels and created dense cities with poor sanitation
Haphazard growth The 19th & 20th centuries brought about mass urbanization creating unsustainable living conditions such as the Kowloon walled city in Hong Kong
Garden city movement The garden city movement was started to capture the benefits of the countryside and the city environment while avoiding the disadvantages of both
Middle ages The middle ages had a system where production & consumption happened locally with most land covered by forests & agricultural lands
Polluted planet There is estimated to be around 5,25 million pieces of platic in the open ocean with 1 million animals & birds killed due to it
Modern Technology Technology such as Aeroponics has brought about more efficient ways of food production that use 90% less water
Vertical forests The 21st century brought about the concept of vertical city along with the ‘15 min city’ by providing all necessary amenities along with food production within a walkable radius
Council Housing What brings people together?
The Socialism and communism movements preached eqality and housing for all Sharing the same interest
Economically weaker section
War veterans
Trying to bring about change
Park Hill estate, Sheffield 1961 Based on Le Corbusier’s Unite d’Habitation it was designed to improve interaction between neighbours and develop a sense of community Reference : https://www.archdaily.com
Council house
Govt
Prefabricated structures
Green incorporation
Stirling prize winning contemporary Council housing in Norwich by James Turner
Non profits / private houseowners
Balance between urban & rural Housing estates
In same profession or sharing activities
Detached/ semi detached housing
Shared/ common greens
Communal facilities
Garden city movement A typical council house in the UK
Garden city movement Urban + Rural advantages
Self sustaining
Principles
Mental wellbeing
Green emphasis
Garden city movement Criticisms Increase in crime
Urban sprawl
Brondby Haven is a garden city concept outside Copenhagen, Denmark which is designed to increase social interaction
Illustration by Howard where ‘Self-sufficient’ garden cities would house 32,000 people designed in a concentric pattern with open public parks expanding from the centre. Once one garden city reached its full population, a new garden city would be developed nearby with a green belt dividing them. These garden cities would envelope a larger central city with a ‘Central Buisness district’ that is larger in population connected by roadways and railway to facilitate public transportation. Reference : https://www.britannica.com/topic/garden-city-urban-planning
Wasn’t able to remain affordable
Ebenezer Howard
Father of Garden city movement
Howard’s three magnets diagram that which addressed the question ‘Where will the people go?’, with the choices ‘Town’, ‘Country’ or ‘TownCountry’
The Letchworth garden city, the fist city to be designed with the principles of Howard is said to be one of the first iterations of a self sustaining community Reference : https://www.westonwilliamson.com/projects/letchworth-garden-city
Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
1
Strategic Definition
The Brief Symbiotic living community Themes : Spatial & cultural sustainability, wellbeing and the circular economy The brief across the year will be to explore alternate ways of living and working in community; how can we design to actively enhance our relationship with nature, leveraging its power to affect our emotional wellbeing, our social relations and sense of community, and our usage of scarce resources?
Rapid Design project 01 : The Lodge A place in nature where one can retreat from the normal, reconnect with nature and define a new wellbeing.
Main Design project 02 : Symbiotic community living Site : Witney, Oxfordshire Through studying the urban fabric, economic, social and environmental context of the town of Witney, the students are tasked to interrogate and determine the location for their “Symbiotic Community” of 100 people of mixed demographic. Avenues of exploration include: Healthy living (both mental and physical), connection to nature, future modes of working, subsistence farming, shared resources, community living, housing and commercial facilities; it should be a response to the theoretical framework developed by the student.
Site : Headington Hill Hall, Oxford Brookes Univesity, Oxford, UK
Reference : Year 2 briefs, Oxford Brookes University
Basic needs of Human Beings
Basic needs of modern Human beings Water
Water Shelter
Air Electricity
Protection
Food
Warmth
Basic needs of Human Beings
Fresh Air
Shelter
Relationships
Transportation
Food
Basic needs issues at community level 50%
40%
of our usable land for producing food
of food in the UK is imported Empty shelves at supermarkets due to supply chain issues
reduction in social/ affordable housing
One of the highest heating costs in all of Europe
carbon footprint of UK construction industry
homeless in England
of food in the UK goes to waste
2.5 mil
3000
dont have access to green spaces in UK
kids die globally due to water borne diseases
Non regulation of water resources
39
million tonnes of raw sewage let into thames every year
45%
200,000
Poor quality housing
Food insecurity
33.33 %
12%
7% decline of urban green spaces in UK
Lack of green spaces
Areas with higher green spaces are likely to be 50% less polluted
14% of British rivers meet environmental standards
2 yrs
76% of current energy produced by fossil fuels
Non renewable production of energy
2060 is when we will run out of fossil fuels
0.3 deg of global warming caused by fossil fuels
overeliance on motorised vehicles
of our entire lifetime is spent in cars
51% of Carbon monoxide pollution due to cars
80%
of lung diseases are due to vehicle pollution
Source : gov.uk / un.org
Hydroponics
Wellbeing consideration
Aquaponics
Local markets
Recyclable building materials
Sustainable quality housing
Aeroponics
Meeting RIBA 2030 goals
Farm to table Mental wellbeing
Poor quality housing
Food insecurity Water to be used for cultivation
Private green Rainwater collection
Non regulation of water resources
Solution?
Lack of green spaces
Circular water usage
Integration of green spaces into built environment
Grey water treatment
Non renewable production of energy
Overeliance on motorised vehicles
Public green
15 min city
Local production of energy
Wind energy
Biomass
Solar panels on roofs
Polycentric city
All amenities in Neighbourhood
Pedestrian & cycle emphasis
Biophilia
Co-living as a solution
Sense of belonging
Civic engagement
Alternative to conventional housing
Co-living provides users with a sense of belonging as resources, tasks are shared leading to more inclusiveness
Engages users in activities of responsibility in the community leading to less dependence on external resources
Tackles issue of :
Tackles issue of :
Tackles issue of :
Overutilization of resources
Strain on municipal/ city resources
Housing crisis
Mental wellbeing
Physical & mental wellbeing
Provides an alternative to conventional housing by including people of all backgrounds irrespective of demographics
Pollution of construction sector
Image reference : https://www.pexels.com/
17 UN Sustainable Development goals
8 RIBA Sustainable outcomes
No poverty
How to achieve this in a housing community?
Zero Hunger Good health & wellbeing
Good health & wellbeing
Promote walking, cycling & integration of Biophilia
Quality education Gender equality Clean water & sanitation Affordable & clean energy Decent work & economic growth Industry, innovation & infrastructure
Sustainable water cycle Net zero operational carbon emissions
Water recycling & Rainwater storage Sharing of resources & renewable energy production onsite
Sustainable life cycle cost
Choose products that can be managed locally & failure proof models
Sustainable connectivity & transport
Promotion of walking, cycling & Electric vehicles
Reduced inequalities Sustainable cities & communities
Sustainable communities & social value
Responsible consumption & production
Net zero embodied carbon emission
Promotion of social interaction through architecture & providing common community goal/ focus Usage of locally available materials & Materials with low carbon footprint
Climate action Life below water Life on land
Sustainable land use and ecology
Peace, justice and strong instituition Partnership for the goals Reference : https://sdgs.un.org/goals
Reference : https://www.architecture.com/sustainable-development-goals-in-practice
Integration of existing site features & providing back more green space
Evolution of sustainable community concept
Sustainable community, A Case study
Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
1
Strategic Definition
2
Brief Preparation
Sustainable community, A Case study- Auroville
The green belt
old landscape
Aerial view of the centre of the community, the ‘Matri Mandir’
surrounding green belt
The green belt of Auroville was created to be a barrier for the city from the outer world and the negate the harsh weather of the region. The area covering 486 hectares is reserved for agriculture and forestry. Auroville’s research in water management, soil conservation, organic farming and seed collection is done in the green belt.
Creation of check dams
With the region being a naturally dry onw with low ground water levels, check dams have been created to increase ground water levels, reduce surface runoff and reduce soil erosion thus bringing back life to a once heavily cultivated land that had gotten barren. Masterplan of Auroville, divided into different parts surrounded by a green belt
Established : 1968
Key Principles :
Location : Puducherry, India
• • • • • •
Population : 2,814 (20 countries) Size : 20 sq.km Architect : Roger Anger
Auroville belongs to no one A place of unending education A place of unending youth No concept of money, barter system Bridge between past & future Site of material & spirutual research
Reference : https://auroville.org/
The Architecture of Auroville
Solar bowl over community kitchen
Research & experimentation in renewable energy
Future energy goals :
A giant solar bowl of 15m diameter which produces enough steam to cook for 2000 people was made out of 11,000 reflective panels and mounted over the roof of the kitchen
Encourages usage of renewable energy in individual houses. large scale wind farms & solar farms are present to power public buildings
Decentralized waste management
Reduce dependence on electricty grid by increasing use of renewable energy. Planning of large scale wind farm in the community to be self reliant and build gasifier plants to draw energy from biomass
Food security The concept of farm to table is prevalent in the community with most of the required crops grown onsite. 940 hectares of land is dedicated for agriculture which is around 54% of the overall area and aims to allocate another 50 hectares for cultivation. Workshops are conducted to spread awareness among the surrounding villages and organic farming practices are also taught.
The community has followed a decentralized waste management system with sewage & grey water treatment happening at building level with systems such as imhoff tanks, root zone and lagooning systems. recycling is imbibed into the community in all levels.
Building techniques such as rammed earth construction, madras terrace roofing are used along with usage of eco friendly and more sustainable materials such as adobe blocks, bamboo, cononut fibre and lime plaster. large number of architects have setup their practices in the area and conduct research in sustainable building techniques along with equvocating for usage of locally available, natural materials. .
Reference : https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/building-utopia-50-years-of-auroville
Evolution of sustainable community concept
Sustainable community, A Case study
Historical concepts
The Producing community
Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution
Biophilia Modularity Incrementality Circularity in the community
UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
1
Strategic Definition
2
Brief Preparation
The Producing community
Existing allotments abutting the site inform us that there is an existing interest in cultivation in the area which can be used towards the advantage of our proposal
Existing Interest in Allotments The concept of localized farm to table where the community produces, processes and consumes it thereby reducing dependence on external supply chains and also promoting local buisnesses
Cultivation on empty land
Cooking into eatables
Cultivation on roofs in greenhouses
Raw produce
Cattle rearing
Diary products
Empty land Local Market
The concept of local growth explored inbetween architecture where patches of land can be used for growth
The Producing community Aeroponics
Image Reference : freepik.co.uk
Growth in controlled conditions Compact farming - Maximum ouput in controlled conditions in minimum space
Roots freely suspended
Minimum usage of fertilizer Automated water dispensing system
Aeroponics is a system where plants are nourished with nothing more than nutrient-laden mist. The concept builds off that of hydroponic systems, in which the roots are held in a soilless growing medium over which nutrient-laden water is periodically pumped. Aeroponics simply dispenses with the growing medium, leaving the roots to dangle in the air, where they are periodically puffed by specially-designed misting devices.
Soil
Controlled usage of water resources
Water Harvest of produce to be sold locally
Reference : https://modernfarmer.com/2018/07/how-does-aeroponics-work/
Advantages
A modern Aeroponics system
Disadvantages
The roots are left exposed leading to faster growth
Require a bit of finesse to operate effectively
Extremely water efficient, using 95% less water than plants grown in regular soil
The nutrient concentration of the water must be maintained within precise parameters and even a slight malfunction of your equipment can cause the loss of a crop
Ability to grow large quantities of food in small spaces leading to growth in Urban areas cutting down on the environmental costs of getting food from field to plate
The misters need regular cleaning to keep them from becoming clogged by mineral deposits in the water
As Aeroponics systems are fully enclosed, there is no nutrient runoff
Aeroponic systems rely on electrical power to pump water through the tiny misting devices and electrical failure can lead to failure of crop
Biophilia - Living with and around Nature
Benefits of Biophilia Social
Environmental
• Increased welbeing • Enhanced stress relief and recovery • Increased community engagement • Decreased violence & crime • Increased healing rates • Increased food security
Economic
• Reduces urban heat island • Increased air quality • Reduced energy consumption • Carbon reduction • Noise attenuation • Enchanced water management
• Decreased water costs • Increased livability leading to higher density and reduced urban sprawl • Increased worker productivity • Deccreased energy prices • Increased property value • Extended building life
Principles of Biophilia
Natural
Sustainable
Healthy
Living with and around nature that not only is beneficial visually but also to the community in terms of usage of resources thus helping towards Mental wellbeing and also physical & communal wellbeing. Rainwater harvesting & grey water treatment to be used for irrigation, landscaping and personal usage of the community.
Nature in the space
Air Quality Visual connection with nature
Light
Applications
Non Visual connection with nature Thermal and airflow variability Presence of water Dynamic and diffused light
Natural analogues
Biomorphic forms and patterns Material connection with nature
Colours
Materiality
Complexity and order
Nature of space
Prospect Refuge Mystery
Source : Patterns of Biophilic design, Browning AL (2014)
Scent
Sound
Indoor greens
Balcony greens
Roof gardens
Courtyard spaces
Terraced greens
Communal greens
Reference : Google images
Multifunction Restaurant Exhibition Lab & education Greenhouse Service Vertical farming
Indoor to outdoor transition
Precedent project Thousand yards pavillion Studio Precht, Austria Integration of biophilia into building The 30.000sqm site which is to host an expo, is a assembly of modular building-blocks, that contain five main functions of the pavilion. Each block connects at the corners to its neighbors and offers a continuous space inside and one linked urban gardeningarea on the roof. Communal green
Water channel
Cultivation space
Pedestrian Streets
Housing Source : https://www.precht.at/athousandyards/
Modularity & Incrementality Modularity is a design principle that subdivides a system into smaller parts or modules that can be independently created / modified/ replaced or exchanged with other modules. Process of modular building
Design of modules Structure production
Fabrication in factory
Transportation of module
Cladding & hardware addded
Assembly & services
Advantages of Modularity Transportation to site
Onsite assembly
• Speed of construction thus faster return on investment • Fabrication is done in a controlled environment which ensures precision and less wastage • Ability to be used in remote locations where construction might not be possible • Low wastage due to factory fabrication and onsite assemblage • Environmentally friendly process • Flexibility of construction as it can be easily expanded or disbanded
The concept of modularity explored in a domestic setting with both living and working taking place in different levels
Single dwelling
Couple dwelling
Users have the option to move to a larger dwelling as time goes by
Precedent project The Urban village project Architect : Space10 Modular spaces designed to adapt to any size requirement thus catering to a large number of users/ possibilites. The system is designed to work in any place as the system is prefabricated to be assembled.
Small family dwelling
Large family/ shared dwelling
Building modules are prefabricated and brought into the site to be assembled Source : https://www.urbanvillageproject.com/
Metabolism
Incrementality Metabolism is a Japanese post war architectural movement that fused ideas about architectural megastructures with those of organic biological growth. Metabolically designed architecture is built around a spine-like infrastructure with prefabricated, replaceable cell-like parts—easily attached and readily removable when their lifespan is over.
Incrementality in architecture can be defined as a gradual step-by-step process whereby building components are appended or improved by owner-builders as funding, time, or materials become available. While the entire finishing of the buildings may be too costly for some users to undertake initially they can chose to leave some parts of it open/ not finished. As the urban population growth presses more and more on the cities and urban areas and rising land prices caused by exploding urban housing markets makes housing for the poor even more too expensive this method might be a solution to low cost or social housing.
Many national governments focus on promoting social housing, with more large-scale programs, where private builders and property developers realize ready-to-use subsidized projects with houses or apartments to sell to households. The housing products are often too expensive for persons or households with low incomes, while rental properties often are missing or unaffordable. Thus this concept of incrementality sekks to be a solution for this crisis.
Post-war Archigram
Metabolism
The idea of incremental housing explored with modules where space can be increased upon an initially set framework to grow vertically/ horizontally.
Megastructures
Nagakin Capsule tower The Nagakin capsule tower is one of the most famous examples of the metabolist movement that has served as a starting point for many modular buildings across the globe.
Modularity The tower was designed by Kisho Kurawa and was completed in 1972. Containing two towers of 11 and 13 stories each, the entire building contains 140 such capsules attached to a central circulation and service core.
Reference : https://www.archdaily.com/
Social incremental housing in Iquitos, Peru
Reference : https://www.archdaily.com/architects-propose-120-incremental-social-houses-for-iquitos-peru
Circularity Circular design, in contrast to linear design, imagines a process of design, evaluation and future changes to the initial design that values the re-use of materials and materials which are suited for repeated reuse. The current culture of use and throw is not sustainable and thus the concept of circularity aims to break that and bring in the cycle of reuse/ recycle/ repurpose.
The different parts of a building that can be sperataed so that one cn be replaced in time of an issue / the entire whole to be dismantled
Material recycling
Design for disassembly
Facade/ Shell Structure Systems Partitions Interior objects
Reuse is part of waste prevention and separate components makes it easy for recycling
High quality products
High complexity
Long delay between implementation & results
Material passport Material Passport
A material passport is a document consisting of data describing defined characteristics of materials in products, which give them value for recovery, recycling and re-use.
Design for disassembly
Design for disassembly is a concept in which buildings and products are designed intentionally for material recovery, value retention, and meaningful next use.
Prolongs buildings lifespan thus contributing to waste prevention
High initial price discourages people for use
Selective demolition
Circular economy
The circular economy aspires to reduce waste and pollution by trying to reuse/ repurpose materials and designing products that can be repaired or repurposed.
Reference : https://www.unstudio.com/en/page/10284/health-and-architecture-in-the-home-and-office-circularity
Facilitates separation of materials at end of life thus increasing recycling
Storage of information & data for long periods
Decreases usage of new materials
Time consuming & expensive
Reference : https://www.archdaily.com/943366/a-guide-to-design-for-disassembly
Circularity in the community Similar to circularity in materials, the concept can be achieved in a community through production reuse & recycling. Envisioning a market as the centre of a community where production, processing and selling of food, goods & objects takes place that keeps the resources of the community within itself, promotes the concept of reuse and sustains itself as a whole.
Recycling
Marketplace
Collection
Production
Use, reuse, Repair
Design
A collage trying to represent a community that has its base as an agrarian society which processes the grown produce to be sold in a market
This collage tries to represent the different parts of a community that all ties down to a market which tries to hold up the concept of circularity in a community where goods are produced, sold, reused and resold
Evolution of sustainable community concept
Sustainable community, A Case study
Historical concepts
The Producing community
Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Biophilia Modularity Incrementality Circularity in the community The brief End users
1
Strategic Definition
2
Brief Preparation
Processing into food
Sustainable materials
Modular construction
Encouraging rearing
Incremental spaces Encouraging cultivation
Housing
Food
Recycling Communal market
The making community
Community spaces
Public & private greens
Composting
Waste Biogas production
Shared resources
Rainwater harvesting
Pedestrian emphasis
Transport
Water
Addressing the 3 pillars of Sustainability
Energy
Social Grey water irrigation
tal
en nm
om
ic
viro En
Ec on
Water treatment
Solar powered roofs
Biogas production Micro hydro electric power generator
Cycling emphasis
Electric vehicle infrastructure
Market as the focus The market will act as the central point of the community binding together all the different parts of it and acting as the circular element of the whole by recycling modular building materials, food and goods within the community and to the greater Witney population. Food grown in the community would be encouraged to be processed or cooked and sold in the market, local crafts such as blanket weaving of Witney would be encouraged in the community to be sold in the market.
Modular kit of parts
Assembly onsite
Pre-fabrication in factory
Design
Incremental spaces added
Renovation of interiors
ula rity Circ
ty ari dul
Cultivation on empty land
Mo
Replacable modular materials
Cooking into eatables
Incrementality
Community market Raw produce Local crafts & hobbyist objects Cultivation on roofs in greenhouses Diary products
Local community
Cattle rearing
Blanket weaving in Witney
The community would emphasize circularity through usage of building materials to incrementally increase the size of housing or for renovations where community members would have the option of buying the prefabricated modular parts that can be added upon to the existing building framework.
Shared ownership Can ensure sustainability agenda of community is mainatined by choosing aspirants
Middle class income
Cannot afford to buy an home
Shared ownership
Can ensure inclusiveness and not restricting only the rich to enjoy the aspects of a sustainable community
Shared ownership is an alternative home ownership scheme that gives those who are unable to afford a quality home an opportunity to purchase a new/ used property. Can ensure that like minded people with an existing interest/ experience in allotments, growing and sharing of resources are chosen
Shared ownership Rent
Buy
75%
25%
Pros
Cons
Provides accessibility to buying own home to those unable to afford it
5%
Property is leased until 100% ownership occurs
Only some lenders offer mortgages for shared ownership
Lower deposits than the open market
Deposit Users can buy more shares gradually in the percentage that is not owned and eventually can buy 100% of the house.
Eligibility • • • • •
Must be 18 years old Annual household income must be less than GBP 80,000 First time buyers/ without other property Demonstrate good credit history Should not have other mortgages/ arrears
Allows to grow on the property ladder without overstrecting
Can sell the shares back to the community at any time
100% ground rent and service charge on property
Shared ownership
Restrictions on home renovation/ improvements as community will have a say in it
Can live in the property for the tenure of the lease (Usually 99 / 125 years)
Reference : https://www.gov.uk/shared-ownership-scheme
End users
Co-living
The elderly
Young families
The community would offer an alternative to traditional retirement communitities and would offer varied activities along with a strong sense of community to those who feel isolated or neglected
Would offer young families the freedom to live and expand their households overtime along with the chance to bond with likeminded people and shared responsibilities in raising children
Would offer single parents a supportive network towards childcare and more bonding opportunities
The ability to interact and work with like minded people in developing a sustainable community with people in different fields contributing towards growth
Single parents
People with sustainability interest/ single persons
Neighbourhood design
Resident management
Design of the community would encourage interaction between people and create a sense of collectiveness through the emphasis of public spaces
Shared management of public facilities and resources leading to more personal connections
Participatory development
Residents would be a part of community activities such as the pop-up market and would decide the approval of incremental spaces and streer the direction of the community
Benefits to wider community
Local production of food leading to less food insecurity
Community marketplace serving residents of greater Witney with fresh produce and local handicrafts
Reduce the demand on external services due to priority on mutual support within community
Shared facilities would benefit the wider community along with residents
Evolution of sustainable community concept
Sustainable community, A Case study
Historical concepts
The Producing community
Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
The Lodge project
Biophilia Modularity Incrementality Circularity in the community The brief End users
1
Strategic Definition
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
The Lodge project A test for Design for disassembly The lodge project was a prototype project that we experimented with in the first part of the year where we tested out some of the values that we thought was essential for the architecture of a sustainable community in a smaller setting. The lodge project would be a pop-up exhibition space for a photographer who would shift his studio to different places to work and then to exhibit his work to the public there. Hence this project was designed to be disassembled and have the concept of modularity in mind to aid the photographer’s travelling pursuits and to serve as a precursor to the sustainable community project.
Precedent project - Circularity solar roof
urban farm
outdoor seating
meeting rooms
bar
meeting rooms
kitchen garden
restaurant
prefabricated concrete foundation that can be dismantled & reused
pv panels on roof
the greenhouse Location : Utercht, Netherlands Year : 2018 Architects : architectenbureau cepezed Project type : restaurant/ meeting area
reused glass from previous building onsite
biobased materials in frame & facade
The green house in Utrecht designed by Cepezed is a circular pavilion created as a driver that promotes circular economy. It functions as a circular economy laboratory by housing meeting spaces and a restaurant that makes use of an urban farm and an in-built kitchen garden. (circulairestad.nl, n.d) It is a temporary structure that could be dismantled and reused after 15 years (Arch Daily, 2018)
Various meeting spaces are created for discussions and a kitchen serving a bar and a restaurant relies on the urban farm and kitchen garden. Green house is the first pavilion to house a ‘ac-plug-free kitchen’ that requires no electricity (Arch Daily,2018). The terrace is used for outdoor seating and the solar panels wrap the roof. The materials that make up the spaces are targeted to continue their life even after dismantling the structure.
flooring, toilet & lifts are individual modules which can be resued
steel skeleton is completely remountable
key points of circularity to be implemented
using materials that can be dismantled & reused
Structure that can be easily dimantled & assembled
using materials that are locally available
flooring is recycled bricks
usage of materials from older buildings
Site context study
N
site location
oxford city centre
distance from city centre
Site context- Region level
10 mins drive
20 mins bus
15 mins bike ride
35 mins walk
Site context- City level
location of site
clive booth student village Oxford Islamic centre headington hill hall cheney student village
Master plan
oxford brookes university
Walkable radius from site
Transport links
Site analysis
N
valley
Noise analysis onsite
ridge water drain spots
meteorological station : radcliffe m station maximum rainfall : 38.56 in minimum rainfall : 13.26 in lowest temp : -17.8 c (1860 dec) highest temp : 36.5 c (2019 july) topography : avg elevation -74m wind : south west prevalent wind speed : 4.1 avg average temp & precipitation
Site contour study
Topographic map, elevation & relief
wind rose with SW winds
Site Inference
N
Serene landscape
university campus
grade 2 building
Site values
site contours
Sun shadow study - Winter park
S w ideal location for building after climate analysis & site value analysis and also corresponding to the concept of the proposal
Sun shadow study - Summer
o t
headington area
Distinguished landscape and surrounding providing serene setting for retreat
Contours onsite can prove to be challenging with no water accumulating in spots and site havingdark spots in winter Proximity to universities can prove benefecial, Parkland surrounding site gives opportunity to expand natural context Flooding, temperature change due to global warming & expansion of university into site
STORE GALLERY SPACE
GALLERY
WORK/REST GALLERY / WORKSPACE
TRANSITION WORK
Nick Veasey Studio, Kent Photographer’s studio, Marlin county CA
STUDIO
Plan sketch
Plan precedents
ce
Workspa
y/ Galler y la p is d
Indoor Studio
Gallery Space
Work/ Rest
Darkroom
Indoor Studio
OTS Studio
Sunspace
Rest Toilet
Form sketch Previous iterations
Massing model
de verbeelding, Netherlands
Structure precedent
Green roof joining ground
Form development
Extruded plan Secondary space added
Building lifted from ground and deck added to be easy for disassembly
Building form adjusted for north light opening
N Building placed along pedestrian axis but shrouded to not disturb listed heritage building
all gton Hill H
Headin
st
Work/ Re 4.0 x 3.5
Toilet
1.3 x 1.7
Carpark
ace
Gallery Sp 6.0 x 3.5
Studio
2.7 x 2.5
Store
Earthy materials used to sit organically onsite
I D A
T G N
HE
Site Plan 1:200 Scale
ON
R
D A O
N
A
A’ Work/ Rest 4.0 x 3.5
Gallery Space 6.0 x 3.5
Toilet
1.3 x 1.7
Studio
2.7 x 2.5
Store
Floor Plan 1:50 Scale
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dwgmodels.com
dwgmodels.com
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dwgmodels.com
Section AA’ 1:100 Scale
dwgmodels.com
dwgmodels.com
dwgmodels.com
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CLT Column Tight fit dowels
Metal Plate
D1
Anchor bolts
Concrete footing
Detail 1
Section AA’ 1:50 Scale
1 Thermowood 15 mm 2 Wooden Framework
Vegetation & Window bracket prevents harsh light/ glare into gallery
3 Biomembrane derbipure 5mm 4 Woodpulp insulation 100mm
Northern opening giving balanced light into gallery
5 Wooden plate 25mm
Detail 2
6 CLT Portal frame
6 123 4
5
View of photo studio D2
Coloured light & shadow provides experience to user without disturbing gallery images
Light and shadow from openings to provide an experience to the user
Images suspended from ceiling in a pivot which can be turned to look at images with or without light
WIndow bracket that prevents harsh light/ glare
1
CLT Columns attaching to Concrete footing
3 CLT portal frame passes the load to columns
5
Openings added
2
CLT boards joined to form plinth
4 CLT boards used to form walls & ceiling
6
Interior fittings added
15mm thermowood
Cross layered wooden framework
Brettstapel is the name given to a form of timber construction, comprising softwood panels connected by hardwood dowels. Consequently, it does not use any glue or nails, making it completely demountable and circular.
Biomembrane derbipure
Woodfiber insulation 100mm
Wooden frame spanning curve direction
Kerto Q-plate 25mm
Wood pulp insulation (or wood fibre insulation) is a form of insulating material formed of wood waste. It can be either blown loose into required spaces or formed into panels of varying flexibility. As it is wood based, it can be fully recycled at the end of its lifespan.
Derbigum waterproofing membranes are designed with circularity in mind. Each product is completely recyclable, and can be specified to help with rainwater collection or CO2 absorption.
Detail showing construction of portal frames from prefabricated boards
Exploded view of portal frame & CLT walls
Evolution of sustainable community concept
Sustainable community, A Case study
Historical concepts
The Producing community
Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
The Lodge project The module
Biophilia Modularity Incrementality Circularity in the community The brief End users
1
Strategic Definition
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
Average housing size in the UK 1940’s
17.22 msq
13.74 msq
Living room Bedroom
1970’s
2000’s
13.70 msq
22.06 msq 14.71 msq
14.96 msq
Kitchen
Living room Bedroom
Kitchen
17.09 msq
13.37 msq
Living room Bedroom
Average size of a home in the UK has declined marginally though it saw an increase in the 1970’s and 80’s in the advent of modernsim when Britain moved away from traditional box like structures. Currently due to lack of space in British citites the size of houses has further reduced and has introduced the concept of micro-living as more and more people prefer to live alone rather than with families and also due to high real-estate proces and housing shortage the sizing has been claustrophobic with some micro apartments at a mere 13 msq. Source : https://www.labc.co.uk/news/what-average-house-size-uk
UK Government minimum space standard for studio apartment (Similar to New York City)
Studio apartment size in London Studio apartment size in Tokyo Minimum requirement for a single occupancy prison cell Capsule in the Nagakin capsule tower which has 140 capsules of 10 sqm each Source : City of New york, the collective
13.44 msq Kitchen
The Module
36sqm module, the size of the minimum space standard for a studio apartment in the UK
Top view of proposed studio
Toi Bedroom Living/ Kitchen
Bedroom
Toi
Green module and living module added
or Terrace/ backyard
2 person family/ Co-living 2 people Size : 90 sqm
Framework established in community that each group of modules must have a open terrace/ backyard green area as a private green space
The Module
Incremental module added
Living module added
Toi
Toi
Bedroom
Incremental space
Living/Kitchen Bedroom
Bath
Bedroom
Terrace/ backyard
Terrace/ backyard Living/Kitchen
Bedroom
Bedroom
At discretion of user to use incremental space as required
Bedroom Toi
Terrace
Home office
4 person co-living Size : 120 sqm
Small family dwelling Bedroom
Indoor cultivation area - Aeroponics
Size : 120 sqm
The Module
Living module added
Living module added
Toi
Toi Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Toi
Toi
Bedroom Bedroom
Bath Living/Kitchen
Bedroom
Bedroom
5 person co-living Size : 150 sqm
Terrace/ backyard
Living/Kitchen
Incremental space
Large family dwelling Size : 150 sqm
Terrace/ backyard
One size doesn’t fit all Multiple apartments sizes and types to cater to different people with different size requirements
Use incremental module in family dwellings to increase space
Increase in space requirements?
Swap with others looking for a change
Terrace
Home office Modular materials
At discretion of user to use incremental space as preferred
Incremental module
Bedroom
Indoor cultivation area - Aeroponics
Can be changed to any of the suggested uses or any other as per users wishes
Community market
Can be adjusted and changed according to user
Incremental space
Elevation of project Buildings after completion
Precedent project - Incrementality Project name : Quinta Monroy housing Architect : Alejandro Aravena Year completion : 2014
10 years later with additions
Evolution of sustainable community concept
Sustainable community, A Case study
Historical concepts
The Producing community
Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Biophilia Modularity
The Lodge project The module
Looking at the site
Site analysis
Incrementality Circularity in the community The brief End users
1
Strategic Definition
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
2
1
1
Pedestrian subway
2
Duckington Lakefront
3
Allotments
4 Electricity sub station
3
4 Textures of the site
Key aspects of the site
Looking at the Site Witney town border
5
3
4
2 1
Witney, UK
6
Duckington village border The site is located adjacent to the Duckington lake in the village of Duckington south of Witney in West oxfordshire.
1 Site view
2 Duckington Lakefront
3 Pedestrian subway
4 Allotments
5 Duckington Roundabout
6 Electricity sub-station
1910’s The Site
1950’s
1970’s
1990’s
Analysis of Historical maps shows us that the Duckington lake did not exist before 1980’s as is a man made water feature. The Lake is a flooded gravel pit dug initially for gravel used whilst constructing the Witney bypass (A40) in the mid 1980’s.
Witney town hall
Butter cross
110 varieties of birds found in and around lake
The local architecture of Witney town is dominated by traditional english style detached and semi-detached buildings inside the town boundary with some modern buildings popping up in the outskirts of town giving it the feeling a quaint old english town
Witney town
La ke fro
ts n e m t o l l A
nt
Duckington lake
re c
re a
tio
na
Site Boundary
ls
pa
ce
Power sub-station
Site greencover
Existing chanels onsite
Duckington lake
The Site
S
W
O
T
Water bodies
Surrounding greencover
Duckington lake provides good views that can be utilized and a calm and serene environment that can be taken advantage of
Power sub-station and existing power lines onsite create a visual nuisance which needs to be blocked along with removal of power lines onsite
Empty site with good vegetation and flat terrain provides a good base to build upon
Site lying in a floodplain is a threat that might affect any built environment which needs to be mitigated
Site road Road links
Transport links
Noise analysis
Public transport in Witney centre
Bridge crossing over canal
Walking route
Pedestrian routes
Flood risk plain
Site sun study
3D Sun path summer solstice
Sun path summer solstice
Sun path winter solstice
June 21, 12:00
December 21, 12:00
Boundary trees cast shadow onto site but due to size of entire site they will not block light into proposed buildings
3D Sun path winter solstice
Site wind analysis
Windrose diagram Annual average wind diagram for Witney Average temperatues : -2 to 30 Deg celcius Average wind speed : 4.1 m/s
Predominant winds from South west
Average wind diagram summer
Average wind diagram winter
Predominant winds from South west and East
Predominant winds from South west
Daylight hours Witney
Yearly rainfall
16.6 hrs
7.9 hrs
11.9 hrs
12.6 hrs
45mm
27mm
22mm
29mm
Summer
Winter
Spring
Autumn
Summer
Winter
Spring
Autumn
Yearly humidity
85% Summer
87% Winter
84% Spring
Yearly temperature
87% Autumn
Reference : https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/ united-kingdom/witney-climate
20.5 C
6.3 C
9.8 C
14 C
Summer
Winter
Spring
Autumn
Evolution of sustainable community concept
Sustainable community, A Case study
Historical concepts
The Producing community
Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Biophilia Modularity
The Lodge project The module
Looking at the site
Site analysis
Incrementality Circularity in the community
Site development
The brief
Module + site
End users
1
Strategic Definition
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
Site development
Zoning the site towards the lake to take advantage of the views.
Dividing the site into 3 parts according to existing site features of trees & water canals
A rainwater pond being proposed on the lakeside to tacke issue of flooding and to create a community node.
Site is divided by a strong axis and further sub-divided to create pockets and a sense of neighboughhood
Water chanels used to lead the users through the site
Green pockets added further
Community marketspace proposed on other end of lakefront creating a central community axis Site is further sub-divided with living areas surrounding central community axis.
Site + module
6 x 6 m grids arranged according to site zoning
Existing water canals onsite diverted to form public pockets to encourage community interaction
Module blocks removed to bring in sunlight and create clusters with co-living housing zoned to north and family living zoned to the south of the site
Pedestrian / cycle route
Site vehicular entrance
Design development plans
Access road
Terrace garden modules & incremenal modules segregated with public space segregated onsite
Terrace garden module
Incremental module
Rainwater pond
Community area module
Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Sustainable community, A Case study
The Lodge project The module
The Producing community Biophilia Modularity
Module with orientation Module development
Looking at the site
Site analysis
Incrementality Circularity in the community
Site development
The brief
Module + site
End users
1
Strategic Definition
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
4
Spatial Coordination
Module with orientation
Terrace with vegetation on south side to stop heat of summer sun and let in light of winter sun
N
Terrace
Sunspace
Balcony Planter Box
1
2
Module without sense of orientation
1
2
3
Rooms with windows on multiple windows for cross ventilation
Module with sense of orientation
3
Thermal mass
Roof overhang over balcony to stop summer sun and let in winter sun
Sunspaces on south facing wall uses convection to heat up living areas passively
Decidious vegetation on south facing terrace garden stops harsh summer sun into housing modules
Angled roof with windows above lintel level to let in north light Sunspace to passively heat in summer and cool in winter
Terrace in south side to diffuse light and stop heat penetration
Stepped first floor to block south light into ground floor window
Summer solstice - June 21, 9 am
Winter solstice - June 21, 9 am
Sun study - Co living block
Summer solstice - June 21, 12 pm
Summer solstice - June 21, 3 pm
Winter solstice - June 21, 12 pm
Winter solstice - June 21, 3 pm
Module development
Clerestorey windows
Planter box South facing sunspace
Single module
Stacked modules
Design development sketch showing community around modules
Roof attached
Climate responsive parts added
Modules arranged to form co-living block
Precedent project
Modularity
Project name : Phäbb MODU Architect : Morris + company
Material palette can be chosen by users and adapted to building as needed
Modular blocks
Reference : https://www.archdaily.com/950853/morris-plus-company-launches-phabb-modu-modular-housing
Building program Community pond
Recreational waterfront
Co-living units Community Kitchen / dining
Community auditorium
Family living units
Co-living units Allotments
Family living units Food Aeroponics processing
workshops
Co-living units Co-living units
classroom co-working space
Dairy processing
Community market Entry into site
Family living units
Allotments
Co-living unit massing model
Family living unit massing model
Family living unit massing model
Community unit massing model
Module development
Terrace garden module
Greenhouse module
Terrace garden module
Housing module
Housing module
Housing module
Community area module
Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Sustainable community, A Case study
The Lodge project The module
The Producing community Biophilia Modularity
1
Module development
Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis
Incrementality
Floor plans
Circularity in the community
Site development
Atmospheric views
The brief
Module + site
Atmosphere section
End users
Strategic Definition
Module with orientation
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
4
Spatial Coordination
Duckington lake
Witney, UK
Community pond
Witney town Community allotments
Deck
Gazebo
Amphitheatre
Deck
Gazebo
Community allotments
Community allotments
Duckington Community allotments
Community allotments
Community allotments
Pedestrian/ cycle pathways
Pop-up marketspace
Pedestrian/ cycle pathways
Site entry/ exit Vehicular road
Future expansion space
Vehicular road
Parking with E-vehicle infrastructure
Future expansion space Towards secondary entry / exit
Site Plan Scale 1:300
N
Community interaction spaces
Co-living units Ground floor plan Green corridor created between co-living blocks
N
Scale 1:100 Key plan
Creation of hierarchy of spaces from public to private
Co-living units First floor plan Scale 1:100
N Key plan
Massing model of co-living units
Transition from public to semi-public to semi-private and private
Private Semi-private
Semi-public
Key plan View of co-living unit with green spine
Design development sketch
Vibrant public spaces that create a sense of togetherness to the users
Community block Ground floor plan Scale 1:100
N Key plan
Development sketch of community waterfront
Community block Ground floor plan Scale 1:100
N Key plan
Massing model of community unit
Creating a central community zone bridging the gap between co-living & family living
Development sketch showing central community space
1
Aeroponics greenhouse
1
Community block First floor plan Scale 1:100
N Key plan
Key plan View of community block with floating garden
Massing model
Family living Ground floor plan Scale 1:100
N
Key plan
Modular planter box system
View of family living block with bio-swale
Key plan
Precedent project Modularity Project : Pixel facade Architect : Thomas & Rahimzadeh Modular facade system that can be easily interchanged as per personal preference.
Components can be removed and interchanged
Reference : https://www.designboom.com/architecture/pixel-facade-biophilic-facade-system-next-generation-offices-04-03-2018/
Perspective section showing activity through co-living block Key plan
Section plane
Design development section
Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Sustainable community, A Case study
The Lodge project The module
The Producing community Biophilia Modularity
1
Technical details
Module development
3D peel off
Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis
Incrementality
Floor plans
Circularity in the community
Site development
Atmospheric views
The brief
Module + site
Atmosphere section
End users
Strategic Definition
Module with orientation
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
4
Spatial Coordination
5
Techology Design
Section BB’ Wall detail Scale 1:5
Wall cladding CLT wall Insulation Cross battens Outer wall cladding
Section BB’ Scale 1:20
Detailed plan of a module Scale 1:20
N
3D perspective of module Section BB’
Louvred sunshade
Planter box projection
Sunspace projection detail
Balcony projection
CLT floor slab
Scale 1:20
Louvred sunshade
View of sunspace projection
Glulam beam
Soil layer Drainage cell Waterproofing
3D perspective of terrace
CLT Wall board Insulation
Cladding Cross battens Waterproofing CLT Insulation
Soil Gypsum fibreboard
Waterproof membrane
Geotextile fabric wrapping
Drainage cells
Detail D1
Detail D2
Detail D3
Section with wall detail D1
D2 D3
South sun helps roof planting to grow North side provides good qualiy light into workspace
Green roof Soil layer
Glulam beam
Drainage layer Green roof Insulation
Soil layer
Drainage layer
Perimeter ballast
Root resistant waterroofing
Timber upstand
Gutter
Detail D4 Scale 1:10 Flooring
3D Peel off
Insulation
CLT Slab
D4
Section CC’
Section CC’
Key plan
Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Sustainable community, A Case study
The Lodge project The module
The Producing community Biophilia Modularity
1
Technical details
Module development
3D peel off
Looking at the site
Structural detail Site Plan
Site analysis
Incrementality
Floor plans
Circularity in the community
Site development
Atmospheric views
The brief
Module + site
Atmosphere section
End users
Strategic Definition
Module with orientation
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
4
Spatial Coordination
Structural precedent
5
Techology Design
Roof slab
2” gypcrete
5 ply CLT slab
Lintel beams
Glulam beam Floor slabs Custom steel bracket
Floor slabs
Column & beam structure Glulam column
Glulam beam to column and slab conenction
Primary materials used
Types of loads affecting the building
Glued laminated timber
Cross laminated timber
Brettstapel / dowellam
Glulam is used as the primary structural material of the building. Beams and columns of the project are specified as Glulam
Cross laminated timber is used as the secondary structural material specified for roof and floor slabs in the project
Brettstapel is specified for usage for wall panels in the project as it is most suitable for design for disassembly due to non usage of adhesives or nails
Glulam beams are attached to Glulam columns with metal plates and nails
Precedent project Structure Project : Albina Yard Architect : LEVER Architecture Above its concrete foundation, the project has an all-wood structure. The architects designed a grid of glue-laminated (glulam) columns and beams with CLT panels acting as floor plates. Instead of solid wood beams and columns made from large trees, mass-timber frames incorporate engineered wood products such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and nail laminated timber (NLT). Such components bind together small wood elements to form strong structural units.
Reference : https://continuingeducation.bnpmedia.com/courses/multi-aia/mass-timber/?oly_enc_id=
Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Sustainable community, A Case study
The Lodge project The module
The Producing community Biophilia Modularity
1
Technical details
Module development
3D peel off
Looking at the site
Structural detail Site Plan
Site analysis
Incrementality
Floor plans
Structural precedent Design for disassembly
Circularity in the community
Site development
Atmospheric views
The brief
Module + site
Atmosphere section
Design for disassembly detail
4
5
End users
Strategic Definition
Module with orientation
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
Spatial Coordination
Techology Design
Design for disassembly
Timeline of a typical building material
Raw Materials
Processing to usable materials
Usage in buildings
End of usage Demolition
Raw Materials
Processing to usable materials
Design for disassembly
Design for disassembly is the concept where construction products are designed such that they can be separated into components that can be reused, recycled or reconfigured
Usage in building
Repurpose/reuse of material
Circularity of materials
The linear economy
Economy with feedback loops
The circular economy
Reference : https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/improving-circular-economy-practices-in
End of life/ dismantling
Expansion of spaces/ renovation
More material used
Landfill
The building uses appropriate joinery that aids in disassembly and also helps in avoiding use of heavy machinery or too many tools.
Precedent project Design for disassembly
Building avoids usage of glue, nails or welding that would make disassembly difficult
Project name : The circular building Architect : ARUP
The project generated a detailed deconstruction plan, including instructions for the disassembly of elements, as well as a review of the building components and materials and how they should be reused, recycled, or reclaimed
Roof structure
Wooden battens
Insulation
Joint sealing tape
Additions
First floor walls
Wall cladding CLT wall panel
First floor slab Dismantlable wall panels can be added or removed from existing structural framework
Ground floor walls
Plinth slab
Lintel and frame
Column & beam structure
Prefabricated wall panels and joinery can be purchased and sold back to community market when expanding/ changing/ incrementing spaces T-slot joint design on slabs for easy adding/ removal of wall panels without adhesives or nails
Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Sustainable community, A Case study
The Lodge project The module
The Producing community Biophilia Modularity
1
Technical details
Module development
3D peel off
Looking at the site
Site analysis
Incrementality
Structural detail
Floor plans
Structural precedent Design for disassembly
Circularity in the community
Site development
Atmospheric views
The brief
Module + site
Atmosphere section
Design for disassembly detail
4
5
2
Brief Preparation
Atmospheric views
Site Plan
End users
Strategic Definition
Module with orientation
3
Concept Design
Spatial Coordination
Techology Design
6
Final Proposal
View of the community centre from the roof garden
Key plan
View of private terrace gardens ( co-living block)
Key plan
Interior view of Studio apartment
Interior view of apartment
Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Sustainable community, A Case study
The Lodge project The module
The Producing community Biophilia Modularity
1
Technical details
Atmospheric views
Module development
3D peel off
Water recycling
Structural detail
Sustainablility in the proposal
Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis
Incrementality
Floor plans
Structural precedent Design for disassembly
Circularity in the community
Site development
Atmospheric views
The brief
Module + site
Atmosphere section
Design for disassembly detail
4
5
End users
Strategic Definition
Module with orientation
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
Spatial Coordination
Techology Design
Materiality
6
Final Proposal
Water from roof into pipes through gutter
Excess water in planter box filtered and let into canal
Rainwater pipe part of wall build-up
Pipes bring water into canal
Excess water from lake
Rainwater on roofs and site
Drain into site canals
Canal passing through community acting as a bio-swale
Excess water into lake
Water filtered and let into pond
Water cycle in the community
Used for community water needs
Water used for irrigation
View of Bio-swale Helps in groundwater retention and aids during time of flood
Diagram of a typical Bio-swale system without water
Precedent topic Bio-swales Project name : Coliseum square park bio-swale Location : Lousiana, USA Diagram of a typical Bio-swale system with water
The bio-swale is a drainage course or trench planted with local vegetation that filters and stores rainwater. According to designers, it can aid storm water management by slowing how quickly rain gets flushed into the city’s drainage system. In the Coliseum Square neighborhood, the project is designed to ameliorate an area that floods every time there’s heavy rainfall.
Reference : https://uptownmessenger.com/2016/05/coliseum-square-eyed-for-bioswale-stormwater-pilot-project/
Sustainability Summer sun
Sunspace on south side to passively warm interiors
Terrace gardens outside houses for integration of biophilia
Winter sun South facing roof planting Winter sun is let in South facing stepped terrace garden to aid plant growth Maximum glazing & roof lights on northern side Planter boxes facing south
Winter sun let in while summer sun is blocked by cantilever
Rainwater is let into Bio-swale that redirects water into pond and acts as green lung when not having water North side provides good qualiy light into workspace
Planting of decidious trees onsite to diffuse summer sun and let in winter sun while also maintaining the concept of biophilia onsite
South sun helps roof planting to grow
Tackling the RIBA Sustainable goals
Circular water usage
Promotes quality housing
Usage of renewable energy sources
Tackling food insecurity
Promotion of mental wellbeing
Promotes physical wellbeing
Waste recycling
Promotion of circular economy
Embracing green technology Composting
Materiality Advantages of using timber as the primary building material
Glued laminated timber
Cross laminated timber
Brettstapel / dowellam
Wood pulp insulation
Glulam is used as the primary structural material of the building. Beams and columns of the project are specified as Glulam
Cross laminated timber is used as the secondary structural material specified for roof and floor slabs in the project
Brettstapel is specified for usage for wall panels in the project as it is most suitable for design for disassembly due to non usage of adhesives or nails
Wood pulp insulation (or wood fibre insulation) is a form of insulating material formed of wood waste. It can be either blown loose into required spaces or formed into panels of varying flexibility. As it is wood based, it can be fully recycled at the end of its lifespan.
Source : Waugh Thistleton Architects
Advantages of using timber Health benefits of using wood
Improve physical and mental wellbeing
Improve productivity and concentration
Increased construction speed
Light weight Higher cognitive function
Foster social interaction
Source : https://specifierreview.com/2018/03/16/timber-building-benefits/
RAW material is fully finished
Weather versatility
Tolerance in mm
Offsite construction
Reduced labour costs
Improved safety
Source : https://medium.com/the-mission/from-products-to-projects-transforming-construction-through-prefabrication-and-cross-laminated-9ac55233b146
Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Sustainable community, A Case study
The Lodge project The module
The Producing community Biophilia Modularity
1
Technical details
Atmospheric views
Module development
3D peel off
Water recycling
Structural detail
Sustainablility in the proposal
Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis
Incrementality
Floor plans
Structural precedent Design for disassembly
Circularity in the community
Site development
Atmospheric views
The brief
Module + site
Atmosphere section
Design for disassembly detail
4
5
End users
Strategic Definition
Module with orientation
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
Spatial Coordination
Techology Design
Materiality FCBS Carbon evaluation
6
Final Proposal
FCBS Carbon calculation OPERATIONAL ENERGY
DomesticRIBA 2030 Challenge
35 2030
70 2025
105
LIFECYCLE EMBODIED CARBON 300
146
2020
Pre - 2020
2030
450
DomesticRIBA 2030 Challenge 600
2025
1000
2020
Pre - 2020
Electrical Energy Demand Innovative Best practice Typical
0 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Sequestered carbon
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Innovative Best practice Typical
180
40
60
80
100
120
kWh/m2/year
Annual Energy Usage
Energy Use: Renewable Energy: Net Operational Energy:
55
Windows
11-6
External walls
-18 17
Roof
-15 22 -63
Upper floors Innovative Best practice Typical
0 20
-157
Internal walls
Total Energy Demand 0
17
Internal finishes
0 20
53
Services
Non-Electric Energy Demand 0
Embodied carbon over the lifecycle
0 kWhr/m2/yr 0 kWhr/m2/yr 0 kWhr/m2/yr
140
160
180
-74
Superstructure
33 351
Substructure
-200
Annual Carbon Emissions
Current Carbon Factors: Actual Carbon Factors:
22
-100
0
100
200
300
400
kgCO2e/m2
0.0 kgCO2e/m2/yr 0.0 kgCO2e/m2/yr
TOTAL Embodied Carbon: 580 kgCO2e/m2 TOTAL Including Sequestration: 247 kgCO2e/m2
* based on net energy demand. Current factors as defined in Part L 2013. Actual factors as defined in SAP 10.1.
WHOLE LIFE CARBON
OFFSET CARBON
60 Year Carbon Impact
60 Year Whole Life Carbon Offset
580 kgCO2e/m2 (assumes net energy demand supplied at SAP 10.1 carbon factors)
2.9 Hectares of mixed British woodland required to offset the 1277 tCO2e*
Cumulative CO2 emissions (kgCO2e/m2)
800 Embodied carbon offset 600 Operational carbon offset
400 200
Total carbon offset
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3.5
Hectares required
-200 -400
3
Estimated offset cost
30
60
90
Forest: Estate improvement:
120
Years after handover Embodied
Operational
Sequestered
£31,926 at £25 per tCO2e (Woodland Trust) £121,320 at £95 per tCO2e (Camden Warm & Well fund)
* based on projected 60 year sequestration rates from WCC Carbon Calculation Spreadsheet V2.2
BETA V0.8
Reference : https://fcbstudios.com/fcbscarbon
NOTES
CARBON IMPACT OVER THE LIFE CYCLE AND POTENTIAL BENEFITS 600
1.2
500
532 1
400
kgCO2e/m2
300
0.8
Term
Definition
Embodied carbon to Comprises stages practical completion A1-A5
532
Embodied carbon over the life cycle
Comprises stages A1-A5, B1-B5, C1C4
#N/A
Whole life carbon
Comprises stages A, B & C, with module D reported separately
200 100
0.6
0
24
24 0.4
-100 -200
0.2
-334
-300 -400
A1-A3 Biogenic
A1-A5
B1-B3 & B5
Carbon emissions relating to the new building
B4
B6-B7
C1-C4
Value of carbon in existing elements
0
D
SAP 10.1 Operational emissions
WHOLE LIFE CARBON IMPACT
Value (kgCO2e/m2)
A, B & C
D
#N/A
0
N.B. These totals consider emissions incurred over the life of the current building. The value of carbon in existing elements is therefore not included in the total, but is displayed for information. Biogenic carbon has been excluded from these totals to provide clarity on the unavoidable emissions arising from material use. Operational emissions consider gross demand, as opposed to net demand on 3. OUTPUT. Module D represents potential benefits from the reuse of elements designed for deconstruction, including continued lock-in of biogenic carbon, alongside projected operational savings from
NOTES
End of life emissions [C1-C4] have been applied at year zero such that reading the graph at any time point will include them. The red line represents the estimate reported elsewhere on this sheet.
1400
1200
1000
tCO2e
800
600
400
200
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Years since handover
Building Details
Decarbonising grid, net energy demand, with sequestration
Supplied on 0. INPUT Project Details Building Name Sector BETA V0.8 Sub-sector GIA
Distribution of Embodied Carbon of New Building by Building Aspect
The Making community Housing Multi-family (< 6 storeys) 2200 m2
3%
Reference : https://fcbstudios.com/fcbscarbon
640 1480 15 3 1 0 32
m m2 m m
1000
Upper floors Roof
2% 3%
External walls
4%
Windows
4%
User inputs required Building perimeter Building footprint Building width Floor-to-floor height No. storeys ground & above No. storeys below ground Glazing ratio
Substructure
9%
10% 6m 1 Domestic 1.5 kN/m2
1200
Superstructure
Associated with selected sub-sector Grid size Partitions factor RIBA 2030 Challenge Category Imposed floor load
RIBA 2030 Challenge
6%
60%
Internal walls Internal finishes Services
800
kgCO2e/m2
Current grid factors, gross energy demand, no sequestration
Pre - 2020 2020
600 580
2025 2030
400
200
247
0
%
Life cycle embodied
A1 - A3 Biogenic
Potential benefits
• E lif
• In fr
Evolution of sustainable community concept Historical concepts Current Issues Sustainable community as a solution Co-living as a solution UN & RIBA Sustainable goals
Sustainable community, A Case study
The Lodge project The module
The Producing community Biophilia Modularity
1
Technical details
Atmospheric views
Module development
3D peel off
Water recycling
Structural detail
Sustainablility in the proposal
Looking at the site Site Plan Site analysis
Incrementality
Floor plans
Structural precedent Design for disassembly
Circularity in the community
Site development
Atmospheric views
The brief
Module + site
Atmosphere section
Design for disassembly detail
4
5
End users
Strategic Definition
Module with orientation
2
Brief Preparation
3
Concept Design
Spatial Coordination
Techology Design
Materiality FCBS Carbon evaluation Final proposal
6
Final Proposal
View of community allotments
Key plan
View of community market
Key plan
The Making Community A sustainable community living project
Bibiliography
List of image and text references other than ones cited in portfolio pages
Aeroponics ; https://modernfarmer.com/2018/07/how-does-aeroponics-work/ Auroville ; https://issuu.com/samudyatha/docs/auroville_examining_sustainability_ Basic human needs ; https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/162514main_Human_Needs.pdf Brondby Haven ; https://www.picfair.com/pics/09665420-crop-circles-of-denmark Biophilia - The Rationale for Biophilic Design ; Jana Söderlund : 2021 Bosco Verticale ; https://sumfinity.com/hdr-photos/italy/milan/bosco-verticale/ Council Housing ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Hill,_Sheffield Cross laminated timber ; Technical brochure by Stora Enso Eco Villages ; https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/ecovillages-of-the-future-netherlands-uae/ Garden city movement ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_city_movement) Glue laminated timber ; https://www.structuraltimber.co.uk/assets/InformationCentre/eb11.pdf Industrial revolution : https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/big-history-project/acceleration/bhp-acceleration/a/the-industrialrevolution Icons ; https://www.flaticon.com/ Images ; https://www.freepik.com/ Images ; https://www.pexels.com/
Bibiliography
List of image and text references other than ones cited in portfolio pages
Kowloon city ; https://www.archdaily.com/361831/infographic-life-inside-the-kowloon-walled-city Living grid house : http://www.larchitects.com.sg/projects/the-living-grid-house Medieval fuedal system : https://minnhagen.cgsociety.org/xx93/medieval-market Plastic pollution ; https://secure.avaaz.org/campaign/en/end_plastic_pollution_loc/ Passive design strategies ; https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/sustainable-architecture/a3992-what-are-passive-design-strategies/ Reference project : https://www.mfr-architectes.com/projets/prendre-racine/ The Impact of Green Space on Heat and Air Pollution in Urban Communities: A Meta-Narrative Systematic Review ; Tara Zupancic, Claire Westmacott, Mike Bulthuis : 2015
Towards a Digitally Fabricated Disassemble-able Building System ; Filipe Brandao, Alexandra Paio , Nuno Antunes ; 2018