The ABC’s of Mathematics BY: Veronica Wengerd Grade 8
Standards 8.NS: Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers. 8.EE: Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations. 8.EE: Work with radicals and integer exponents. 8.EE:Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations. 8.F: Define, evaluate, and compare functions
Standards 8.F: Use functions to model relationships between quantities. 8.G: Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
Standards RI.8.5: Analyze in detail the structure of a specific paragraph in a text, including the role of particular sentences in developing and refining a key concept.
A is for...AREA
AREA is the number of square units needed to cover a given surface To find the area of a rectangle, you would use the equation L x W. Otherwise known as length x width. EX: 3 x 5 = 15
B is for...BAR GRAPH BAR GRAPH is a data set/table used to represent different points. It can be used to compare two different data.
C is for...CONJUGATE CONJUGATE is the number defined as the negative, or opposite, of a whole number. To find the conjugate, you look to see if it is positive or negative. Based upon that, you find the opposite.
D is for...DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS are the sides of a shape. These can be either the length, width or height of a shape. Dimensions might all be the same length, but are often not.
E is for...EXPRESSION EXPRESSION is a collection of terms put together to solve that does not have an equal sign. Expressions are solvable, though they do not have an equal sign.
F is for...FRACTION FRACTION is a numerical quantity that is not a whole number, and has a denominator that does not equal 0. Fractions can be written or demonstrated through graphs.
G is for...GREATEST COMMON FACTOR GREATEST COMMON FACTOR, otherwise known as GCF, is the largest number that all numbers can be evenly divided by and it leaves a remainder of 0. EX: The GCF of 21 and 7: both numbers can be evenly divided by 7, therefore, the GCF is 7
H is for‌ HORIZONTAL LINE TEST HORIZONTAL LINE TEST is used to determine whether or not a graph is a one-to-one function. This means that it is a test to determine whether each point has one specific domain and range. Note: not all graphs will pass the horizontal line test
I is for...ISOSCELES TRIANGLE ISOSCELES TRIANGLE is a triangle that has 2 sides of equal length to one another. It can also have 2 right triangle.
equal angles. In the middle it can have a
J is for...JUNCTION JUNCTION is the point at where lines meet. There do not only have to be two, it can be more. They all just have to meet and end at one specific point.
K is for...KILOGRAM KILOGRAM is a measurement of mass that equates to 1000 grams. Kilogram is an SI unit of mass. It’s recognized symbol is K.
L is for...LINE SEGMENT LINE SEGMENT is a line that has two endpoints, and all the data points needed are in between the two ends.
M is for...MEAN MEAN is the overall average in a data set. We get the mean by adding up all the numbers, and then dividing that number by the number of figures in the data set.
N is for...NUMBER LINE NUMBER LINE refers to an abstract line that has all data points in a given set on it. A number line does not need to have a definite ending.
O is for...OUTLIER OUTLIER refers to a data point that is much smaller or bigger than the rest of the data, resulting in a skewed mean or average.
P is for...PEMDAS PEMDAS is an abbreviation used to help with multiple steps problem. The problem is to be solved going left to right using this abbreviation. P: parenthesis E: exponents M & D: multiplication and division A & S: addition and subtraction
Q is for...QUADRILATERAL QUADRILATERAL is a polygon with four sides and vertices (corners). Quadrilaterals do not need to have equal sides and angles to be polygons.
R is for...RANGE RANGE is the difference between the largest and smallest values of a data set. If there is an outlier, a range can be impacted greatly. EX: 6 - 3 = 3. The range is 3.
S is for...SYMMETRY SYMMETRY refers to
shape being the exact same despite its rotation, reflection and translation. It mirrors each other no matter how you cut it.
T is for...TRANSLATION TRANSLATION is the movement of a geometric figure. All points of the figure move the same distance in the same direction.
The figure on the left translated 7 units to the right.
U is for...UNIT UNIT is any standard of measurement in math. This can be either by counting numbers or tallying marks.
V is for...VERTEX VERTEX is the meeting point of two lines that intersect with one another. A vertex can be any degree angle. Multiple lines can create one vertex.
W is for...WHOLE NUMBERS WHOLE NUMBERS are numbers that are not fractions. These can also be called integers. Whole numbers are typically referred to as positive integers.
X is for...X-INTERCEPT X-INTERCEPT is when a line crosses the X-axis. The X coordinate is always the first number in the paired coordinate (X,Y). The X intercepts in this picture are located at 4 and -3.
Y is for...Y-COORDINATE Y-COORDINATE is the number that is represented by the vertical point on a data set. It is always the second number in the ordered coordinate pair (X,Y).
Z is for...ZERO ANGLE ZERO ANGLE is when the degree of an angle is 0, resulting in a straight line from the point of the inception.
REFERENCES Ohio's Learning Standards for English Language Arts. (2017, February). Retrieved March 21, 2018, from http://education.ohio.gov/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/English-Language-Art/English-Language-Arts-Standards Ohio’s Learning Standards for Mathematics. (2010, June). Retrieved March 21, 20118, from http://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/Mathematics/Ohio-s-Learning-Standards-in-Math ematics/Math-Standards.pdf.aspx MyVocabulary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2018, from https://myvocabulary.com/word-list/math-vocabulary/