Current affairs FEB 2014 in Tamil

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TNPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS

VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE

Eminent Persons & Appointments I.eh.Tf;fhd MNyhrfuhf ,e;jpah;: ,e;jpahitr; Nrh;e;j gpugy tpz;ntsp kw;Wk; ,izntspg; ghJfhg;G epGzh; tpNtf; yhy;> I.eh.Tf;fhd rpwg;G MNyhrfuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. ,e;jpa-mnkhpf;fg; ghJfhg;G Ngr;Rthh;j;ijf;F tpNtf; yhy; jiyik jhq;fp tUfpwhh;. mth; ,e;jpa-mnkhpf;f th;j;jf rigiaAk; cUthf;fpdhh;. ghJfhg;G> tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J tpz;ntsp kw;Wk; ,izaj; jfty; ghJfhg;G Nghd;w Jiwfspy; ,UehLfSk; elj;Jk; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspYk; jPtpukhf <Lgl;Ls;shh;. ,e;epiyapy;> ,izantspg; ghJfhg;ig mky;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nfhs;ifia tFg;gjw;fhd rpwg;G MNyhrfuhf tpNtf; yhiy I.eh. epakpj;Js;sJ. ,e;jf; nfhs;ifia mky;gLj;Jtjpy; mth; I.eh. nghJr; rigapd; jiyth; [hd; lgps;A+ M\{d; ,ize;J nray;gLthh;. ,f;nfhs;ifia cUthf;fp mky;gLj;JtJ njhlh;ghf %d;W cah;epiy epfo;rr ; piaAk;> I.eh. cWg;G ehLfSld; tpthjq;fisAk; elj;j tpNtf; yhy; jpl;lkpl;Ls;shh;. cyf r%fj;jpy; ,izntspg; ghJfhg;Gf;fhd nfhs;ifia tpiuthf cUthf;fp mky;gLj;JtNj I.eh.tpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

mD\;fh \q;fh;:

,e;jpa rq;fPj Nkij utp \q;fhpd; rpjhh; thrpg;G ,e;jpa rq;fPjj;jpw;F cyf; mq;fPfhuj;ijj; Njbj; je;jJ. mth; gPl;by;]; (BEATLES) [hh;[; `hhp]d; vd;w cyf rq;fPj NkijfSf;nfy;yhk; rpjhh; thrpf;ff; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jth;. mthplk; ,irQhdk; ngw;w mtuJ kfs; mD\;fh \q;fh;. cyf mstpy; gy Gjpa rq;fPj ghpr;rhh;j;jq;fisr; nra;J tUfpwhh;. ,ir Nkij utp \q;fh; gy uhfq;fis ,aw;wpath;. ,jdhy; mthpd; Gfo; NkYk; rpwe;J tpsq;FfpwJ. mth; ,aw;wpa uhfq;fs; ‘[drd;Nkhjpdp” kw;Wk; ‘gQ;rk; Nr fhuh”.

cj;jufz;l; Kjy;th; tp[a; gFFzh uh[pdhkh:

cj;jufz;l; khepy Kjy;th; tp[a; gFFzh nts;spf;fpoik jdJ gjtpia uh[pdhkh nra;jhh;. ,ijaLj;J> kj;jpa ePh;tsj; Jiw mikr;rh; `hp\; uhtj; Gjpa Kjy;tuhf epakpf;fg;gl cs;sjhf jfty; ntspahfp cs;sJ. Kjy;th; tp[a; gFFzh> khepy MSeh; m[p]; FNu\pia re;jpj;J Kiwg;gb jdJ uh[pdhkh fbjj;ij toq;fpdhh;. fle;j Mz;L [_d; khjk; 16> 17 Njjpfspy; ngw;w fdkio fhuzkhf Vw;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;fpy; rpf;fp Mapuf;fzf;fhNdhh; ,we;jdh;. ,J tp\aj;jpy; tpiuthf kPl;Gg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;s eltbf;if vLf;fhjjhy; Kjy;th; gFFzhit gjtp ePf;fk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;jg;gl;L te;j epiyapy;> mth; uh[pdhkh nra;Js;shh;. gFFzh 22 khjq;fs; Kjy;tuhf ,Ue;Js;shh;.

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fy;gdh rht;yh:

,e;jpahtpd; gQ;rhgpy; gpwe;j mnkhpf;fh;. tpz;ntspapy; gazk; nra;j Kjy; ,e;jpag; ngz;. 1984-y; Nrhtpaj; tpz;fyj;jpy; gazpj;j uhNf\; \h;khTf;Fg; gpwF tpz;ntsp nrd;w ,e;jpahitr; Nrh;e;j tPuhq;fid. VO tPuh;fSld; G+kpf;Fj; jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ tpz;fyk; ntbj;Jr; rpjwpaJ. mjpy; fy;gdhTk; caph; ,oe;jhh;. me;j ehs; gpg;uthp 1> 2003. jh$h; muRg;gs;sp> gQ;rhg; nghwpapay; fy;Y}hp> mnkhpf;fhtpd; nlf;rh]; gy;fiyf;fofk; Mfpatw;wpy; gbj;j mth; mnkhpf;fhtpd; ehrh epWtdj;jpy; Nrh;e;J Kf;fpa Ma;thsh; Mdhh;. fy;gdh 1983-y; [_d; gpvh;Nu `hhprd; vd;w tpkhdg; gapw;rp Mrphpaiu kze;jhh;. khh;r; 1995-y;> ehrh tpz;ntsp tPuh; gapw;rp FOtpy; Nrh;e;jhh;. 1996-y; mtuJ Kjy; gazj;jpw;F Njh;T nra;ag;gl;lhh;. 2003-y; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,uz;lhk; tpz;ntsp gazj;jpy; 80-f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Nrhjidfs; nra;ag;gl;ld. mtw;wpy; mtuJ rhjidfSk; ,Ue;jd. ntbj;j tpz;fyj;jpy; gy gpur;ridfs; ,Ue;Js;sd. jpl;lkpl;l Neuj;Jf;F 16 epkplk; Kd;djhf tpz;fyk; G+kpf;F jpUk;gpf;nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. mg;NghJ thdpNyNa ntbj;Jr; rpjwpaJ. ,uz;L gazq;fSk; Nrh;e;J mth; nkhj;jk; 30 ehl;fs; 14 kzpNeuk;> 54 epkplq;fs; tpz;ntspapy; ,Ue;jhh;. mjw;Fg; gpwF mth; mjpfk; Nerpj;j tpz;ntspf;Fs; cile;J fiue;J ekJ kdq;fSf;Fs; epuk;gp Nghdhh;. mtuJ ngahpy; rhiyfs;> kiyr;rpfuk;> fy;tp cjtpj;njhiffs; mnkhpf;fhtpYk; ,e;jpahtpYk; cs;sd.

ikf;Nuhrhg;l; epWtdj;jpy; Gjpa rp.,.X rj;ah ehnjs;sh? ikf;Nuhrhg;bd; Gjpa rp.,.X.thf i`juhghj;ij Nrh;e;j rj;ah ehnjs;sh epakpf;fg;gl tha;g;G ,Ug;gjhf mnkhpf;fhit Nrh;e;j gy Clfq;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wd. 47 tajhFk; ehnjs;sh ikf;Nuhrhg;bd; fpsTl; gprpd]{f;F jiyik jhq;Ffpwhh;. jw;NghJ rp.,.X.thf ,Uf;Fk; ];Bt; ghy;kh; tUk; Mf];;l; khjj;jpy; ,Ue;J Xa;T ngWfpwhh;. rj;ah> i`juhghj; gg;spf; gs;spapy; gbj;jth;. kzpghy; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; vnyf;l;uhdpf;]; vd;[Pdpahpq; gbj;jth;. tp];fhd;]pd; gy;fiyfofj;jpy; vk;.gp.V gl;lKk; ngw;wth;. 1992-k; Mz;L ikf;Nuhrhg;by; Nrh;e;j ,th; fle;j 22 tUlq;fshf mq;F gzpGhpfpwhh;. ikf;Nuhrhg;by; NrUtjw;F Kd;G rd; ikf;Nuhrp];lj;jpy; Ntiy ghh;j;jhh;.

Nyhf;ghy; Njh;Tf; FO cWg;gpdh; gp.gp.uht;: Nyhf;ghy; ePjpgjp kw;Wk; cWg;gpdh;fis gpujkh;> kf;fsit jiyth;> vjph;f;fl;rpj; jiyth;> cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjp my;yJ mtuJ gpujpepjp kw;Wk; ,th;fs; 4 Nguhy; Njh;T nra;ag;gLk; 5tJ cWg;gpdh; MfpNahh; mlq;fpa FOjhd; Njh;T nra;Ak;. ,jpy; %j;j tof;FiuQh; gp.gp.uhtpd; ngaiu gpujkh; ghpe;Jiu nra;a kf;fsitj; jiyth; kPuhFkhh;> cr;rePjpkd;w jiyik ePjpgjpapd; gpujp epjp n`r;.vy;.jj;J MfpNahh; MjuT njhptpj;Js;sdh;. kf;fsit vjph;f;fl;rpj; jiyth; R\;kh ];tuh[; kl;Lk; Ml;Nrgk; njhptpj;jhh;. ,Ug;gpDk; gp.gp.uhit Njh;T nra;tnjd $l;lj;jpy; KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ.

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7MtJ Cjpaf; FO jiytuhf Kd;dhs; ePjpgjp khj;J}h;: VohtJ rk;gs FOtpd; jiiytuhf Kd;dhs; cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjp mNrhf;Fkhh; khj;J}h; nghWg;Ngw;f cs;shh;. ,e;j FO 50 yl;rk; kj;jpa muR Copah;fspd; Cjpak; kw;Wk; 30 yl;rk; Nghpd; Xa;T+jpaq;fis kWMa;T nra;J 2 Mz;LfSf;Fs; kj;jpa murplk; mwpf;if jhf;fy; nra;Ak;. me;j mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ghpe;Jiufs; 2016 [dthp 1Mk; Njjp eilKiwf;F tUk;. ,e;jf; FOtpy; ePjpgjp mNrhf;Fkhh; khj;J}Uld; kj;jpa ngl;Nuhypaj;Jiw nrayhsh; tpNtf; Nu> nghJepjp kw;Wk; nfhs;iff;fhd Njrpa epWtdj;jpd; ,af;Feh; uj;jpd; uha;> muRr; nrayh; kPd h mfh;thy; MfpNahh; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sdh;.

rpq;fhu Ntyh;:

gpg;uthp 18 rpq;fhuNtyhpd; 154-tJ gpwe;jehs;. 1860-k; Mz;L gpg;uthp 18-k; Njjp gpwe;jhh;. mtuJ FLk;gk; gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l kPdth; r%fj;ijr; Nrh;e;jJ. nrd;idapd; Gfo;ngw;W> Kiwahd gapw;rpf;Fg; gpwF> rpq;fhuNtyh; nrd;id cah; ePjpkd;w tof;fwpQh; rigapy; tof;fwpQuhf 1907-k; Mz;L jd;idg; gjpT nra;J nfhz;lhh;. rpq;fhu Ntyh; xU fk;A+dp];l;lhf cUthtjw;F mbj;jskhf mike;jJ mtuJ Mo;e;j mwpNt. Mq;fpyk;> jkpo; nkhopfisj; jtpu> ,e;jp> cUJ> gpnuQ;R> n[h;kd; Mfpa nkhopfspYk; mtUf;Fg; gl;lwpT ,Ue;jJ. Gul;rpfuj; njhopyhsh; ,af;fj;jpd; nfhs;iffis Mjhpj;j> njhlf;f fhy Kf;fpaj; jiyth;fspy; xUtuhf ,Ue;jth; rpq;fhuNtyh;. nrd;idapy; njhopyhsh; gy eyDf;fhf mth; Mw;wpa gzpfs; gy. 1923-y; mth; Nkjpdk; nfhz;lhl ,e;J];jhd; coth; ciog;ghsh; fl;rp (Nygh; fprhd; ghh;l;b Mg; ,e;J];jhd;> vy;.Nf.gp.vr;.) vd;fpw fl;rpiag; Gul;rpfuj; jpl;lj;Jld; Muk;gpj;jhh;. ‘Nygh; fprhd; nf[l;” vd;w ngahpy; Mq;fpyj;jpy; thuh ,jioAk; ‘njhopyhsd;” vd;w jkpo; thuh ,jioAk; Mrphpauhf ,Ue;J ntspapl;lhh;. khh;r; 1924-y; fhd;G+h; Nghy;\;tpf; rjp tof;fpy; rpq;fhuNtyh; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;lhh;. mth; ePz;l fhyk; Neha;tha;g;gl;bUe;jhy;> mtUf;F vjpuhd eltbf;if iftplg;gl;lJ. Nk jpdk;> cyf mikjp jpdk; Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhz;lhbdhh;. uhkfpU\;z guk`k;rh;:

uhk fpU\;z guk`k;rhpd; (1836 - 1886) cz;ikahd ngah; fjhjh; rhl;lh;[p. kjq;fs; xNu ,iwtid milAk; gy topfNs vd;wth;. gs;spf;$lk; mtUf;F gpbf;ftpy;iy. rk];fpUjk; mtUf;F njhpahJ. fhsp Nfhapy; G+rhhpahd mz;zDf;F cjtpahf ,Ue;jhh;. mth; ,we;jjhy; uhkfpU\;zNu G+rhhpahdhh;. Kjypy; flTspd;

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cz;ikj; jd;ikiaf; fz;lwpa gy ghpNrhjidfs; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. gpwF vy;yh ngz;fisAk; fhspahf ghh;j;jhh;. kidtpiaAk; fhspahf> G+[pj;J tzq;fpdhh;. igutp gpuhk;kzp vd;w ngz; Jwtpaplk; jhe;jhpfj;ijAk; Njhjh Ghp vd;gthplk; mj;itj Ntjhe;jj; ijAk; fw;whh;. Mo;epiy jpahdq;fspy; %o;fpdhh;. uhkh;> fpU\;zh;> rPij> uhij ,NaR> egpfs; MfpNahiu fz;ljhf ek;gpdhh;. rhjpak; Jwe;j kdpj Neauhdhh;. Ngud;gpd; ngUq;fly; Mdhh;. mtiuj; Njb gyh; te;jdh;. tpNtfhde;jUk; te;jhh;. $l;lk; mjpfhpj;jJ. ehs; KOtJk; rPlh;fSld; Md;kf P tpthjq;fs; Ghpthh;. mij kNfe;jpuehj; Fg;jh> jpdKk; Fwpg;ngLj;jhh;. mitNa> The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna vd;w ngahpy; ntspahfpd. yz;ld; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; ,e;Jkj Gdpj E}y;fs; njhFg;gpy; mtw;iw Nguhrphpah; khf;];Ky;yh; Nrh; j;jhh;. jkpopy; uhkfpU\;zhpd; mKj nkhopfs; vd te;jJ. njhz;ilg; Gw;WNeha; jhf;fpajhy; 1886 Mf];l; 16y; ,we;jhh;.

1897-y; uhkfpU\;z ,af;fj;ij tpNtfhde;jh; mikj;jhh;. me;j ,af;fkha; uhkfpU\;zh; gy ehLfspy; ,d;W tp];t&gk; vLj;Js;shh;.

,e;jpa fk;A+.Kd;dhs; vk;.gp. ghh;tjp fpU\;zd; kiwT:

,e;jpa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapd; %j;j jiytUk;> Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;l tPuUk;> njhopw;rq;fj; jiytuhfTk; ,Ue;j ehlhSkd;w Kd;dhs; cWg;gpdh; ghh;tjp fpU\;zd; (94) tpahof;fpoik fhykhdhh;. ghrpr Aj;j vjph;g;G> njd;dpe;jpahtpy; midj;jpe;jpa khzth; ngUkd;w cUthf;fk;> ,e;jpa kf;fs; ehlhfkd;wk; kw;Wk; Nrhtpaj; ez;gh;fs; fofk; Mfpa mikg;Gfis cUthf;fpajpy; Kf;fpag; gq;fhw;wpath;. ,th; 1954y; khepyq;fsit cWg;gpduhfTk;> 1957> 1973 kw;Wk; 1977 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; Nfhit njhFjp ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpduhfTk; ,Ue;Js;shh;. fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapd; jiyth;fSs; xUtuhf vd;.Nf. fpU\;zd; ,tuJ fzth;. xUq;fpize;j nrd;id khfhzj;jpd; Kjy;tuhfTk;> kfhuh\;bu khepy MSeuhfTk; ,Ue;j Rg;guhad;> ,tuJ je;ij. ,e;jpa ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; Kjy; ngz; cWg;gpduhd uhjhgha; ,tuJ jhahh;. uhZtj; jiyikj; jsgjpahf ,Ue;j n[duy; gukrptk; Fkhukq;fyKk;> fk;A+dp];l; jiytuhfTk; kj;jpa mikr;ruhfTk; ,Ue;j Nkhfd; Fkhukq;fyKk; ghh;tjp fpU\;zdpd; rNfhjuh;fs;.

tuyhw;W epidTr; rpd;dkhfpwJ gfj; rpq; gpwe;j fpuhkk;:

Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;l jpahfp gfj;rpq; gpwe;j gq;fha; fpuhkj;ij tuyhw;W epidTr; rpd;dkhf mwptpj;J mij Nkk;gLj;j igrhyhghj; efu eph;thfk; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. yh$hpypUe;J 150 fp.kP. njhiytpy; cs;sJ. gq;fha; fpuhk;. gfj; rpq; gpwe;j tPLk; mth; gapd;w gs;spAk; gioa nghypTf;F Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. mth; gapd;w xU miw gs;sp ,d;Dk; fhl;rp jUfpwJ. mjd; RtUk; $iuAk; ,be;J NghAs;sd. Mdhy; fUk;gyif kw;Wk; fjTfs; mg;gbNa ,Uf;fpd;wd. gq;fha; fpuhkj;jpd; ngUikkpF kfdhf fUjg;gLk; gfj; rpq;if fTutg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; ,g;NghJk; me;j gs;spapd; ntsp ikjhdj;jpy; tFg;Gfs; elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. gfj; rpq;fpd; tPL Mf;fpukpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. chpikahsh;fSld; Ngrp mij ifafg;gLj;j mjpfhhpfs; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sdh;.

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VETRII IAS

TNPSC

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STUDY CIRCLE

CURRENT AFFAIRS

epr;rak; ghh;j;jrhujp Nrhk;

nghUshjhu mwpQh; 2008-11k; Mz;L tiu ,q;fpyhe;J tUtha;j;Jiwapy; gzpahw;wpath; 1983 k; Mz;L Kjy; 2004-k; Mz;L tiu rh;tNjr epjp ikaj;jpy; gy Kf;fpakhd nghWg;Gfis tfpj;jpUf;fpwhh;. gpNurpy; ehl;by; thp rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; nra;jjhy;> gpNurpy; murpd; cahpa tpUjhd commander of the order of the southern cross tpUjpidg; ngw;Ws;shh;. thp eph;thfk; kw;Wk; thp rPuikg;g FOtpd; jiyth; NkYk; kj;jpa epjp mikr;rhpd; MNyhrfuhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhh;.

Sports & Games

cyff; Nfhg;ig fhy;ge;J Nghl;b:

2017-k; Mz;L eilngwTs;sJ.

,e;jpahtpy;

17

taJf;F

cl;gl;NlhUf;fhd

cyff;

Nfhg;ig

fhy;ge;J

Nghl;b

Nrhr;rp Fsph;fhy xypk;gpf;:

u\;ahtpd; Nrhr;rp efhpy; eilngw;W tUk; Fsph;fhy xypk;gpf; Mlth; n[ad;l; ];Nyhk; gdpr; rWf;Fg; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpa tPuh; `pkhd;R jh$h; 72-tJ ,lj;ijg; gpbj;J Vkhw;wk; mspj;jhh;. Nrhr;rp Fsph;fhy xypk;gpf;fpy; ,e;jpah rhh;gpy; 3 Ngh; gq;Nfw;wdh;. %tuhYk; nghpa mstpy; vijAk; rhjpf;f Kbatpy;iy.

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jd;uh[; gps;is:

,e;jpa `hf;fp mzpapd; Kd;dhs; Nfg;ld; jd;uh[; gps;is Mk; Mj;kp fl;rpapy; ,ize;Js;shh;. mf;fl;rpf;fhf ehL KOtJk; gpurhuk; Nkw;nfhs;s ,Uf;fpwhh;.

`hf;fp ,e;jpah yPf;: jpy;yp Ntt; iulh;]; rhk;gpad;

,uz;lhtJ Mz;lhf eilngw;w `hf;fp ,e;jpah yPf; Nghl;bapd; ,Wjp Ml;lk; uhQ;rpapy; eilngw;wJ. 3 -1 vd;w Nfhy; fzf;fpy; gQ;rhg; thhpah;]; mzpia tPo;j;jp jpy;yp Ntt;iu lh;]; mzp rhk;gpad; gl;lj;ij ntd;wJ.

Awards & Honours

Ng];Gf; 10-tJ gpwe;j ehs;: r%f tiyj;jsj;jpy; ty;yurhf tyk; tUk; ‘Ng];Gf;” jdJ 10-tJ gpwe;j ehis gpg;uthp 4 md;W nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. mnkhpf;fhitr; Nrh;e;j khh;f; [{fh;ngh;f; 2004-k; Mz;L gpg;uthp 4-k; Njjp jdJ rf ez;gh;fSld; Nrh;e;J `hh;th;L gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; xU rpwpa miwapy; Ng];Gf; ,izajsj;ijj; njhlq;fpdhh;. mg;NghJ gy;fiyf;fof khztuhf ,Ue;j khh;f;> rf khzth;fSf;fpilNa Xh; ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;j ,e;j ,izajsj;ij cUthf;fpdhh;. ,g;NghJ Ng];Gf; thrpfspd; vz;zpf;if 120 Nfhbiaj; jhz;btpl;lJ. Ng];Gf;fpd; epWtdh; khh;f; [{fh;ngh;f; fle;j Nk khjk; jdJ 30-tJ gpwe;j ehisf; nfhz;lhbdhh;.

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rpwe;j ghuk;ghpa efuk; tpUJ:

jpUkiyf;F ‘rpwe;j ghuk;ghpa efuk;” (The best Heritage city) vd;w tpUij FbauRj; jiuth; gpuzhg; Kfh;[p jpUkiy jpUg;gjp Njt];jhdj;Jf;F toq;f cs;shh;.

Socio Economic Problems

gl;n[l; Kf;fpa mk;rq;fs;:                 

  

&. 1 Nfhbf;F Nky; tUtha; <l;Lk; nry;te;jh;fSf;F 10 rjtPj $Ljy; thp &.10 Nfhbf;F Nky; tUtha; <l;Lk; cs;ehl;L fhh;g;gNul; epWtdq;fSf;F 10 rjtPj $Ljy; thp czT jhdpa cw;gj;jp 26.3 kpy;ypad; ld;dhf cah;T elg;G gw;whf;Fiw 4.1 rjtPjkhff; Fiwe;Js;sJ. tUtha; gw;whf;Fiw 3 rjtPjkhf cs;sJ. elg;G fzf;F gw;whf;Fiw 88 gpy;ypad; lhyhpy; ,Ue;J 45 gpy;ypad; lhyuhf Fiwe;Js;sJ. rpwpa uf fhh;> Nkhl;lhh; irf;fps;fs;> ruf;F thfdq;fSf;fhd cw;gj;jp thp 12 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 8 rjtPjkhf Fiwg;G. ];Nghh;l;]; uf fhh;fSf;fhd cw;gj;jp rhp 30 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 24 rjtPjkhff; Fiwg;G. nghpa> eLj;ju fhh;fSf;fhd cw;gj;jp thp 27 - 24> 24 - 20 rjtPjkhff; Fiwg;G nry;Nghd;fs; kPjhd cw;gj;jp thp 6 rjtPjk; Fiwg;G 9 yl;rk; khzth;fspd; fy;tpf; fld; tl;bia muNr nrYj;Jk;. md;dpa nrythzpapy; $Ljuhf 15 gpy;ypad; lhyh;.

67 ,e;jpah;fspd; ntspehl;L tq;fpf; fzf;F tptuq;fs; Nrfhpg;G muRf; fld; &. 47 yl;rk; Nfhb. eph;gah jpl;l epjpf;F $Ljyhf &.1000 Nfhb &.6.6 yl;rk; Nfhb kjpg;gpyhd 296 jpl;lq;fSf;F mDkjp muR gq;Ffis nghJkf;fSf;F tpw;gjd; %yk; 2013-14-k; Mz;by; 40>000 Nfhb jpul;l ,yf;F eph;zapf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; &.16>027 Nfhb kl;LNk jpul;lg;gl;lJ. 2014-15-k; Mz;by; &.36>925 Nfhb jpul;l ,yf;F eph;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. khepy muRfSf;fhd kj;jpa murpd; epjp cjtp &.3.38 yl;rk; Nfhbahf mjpfhpg;G ,Jtiu 57 Nfhb NgUf;F Mjhh; ml;il toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. MAj NghyP]; gilia tYg;gLj;j &.11>000 Nfhb xJf;fPL.

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,ilf;fhy gl;n[l;:

2012-13 cs;sgb tUtha; tuTfs; %yjd tuTfs; nkhj;j tuTfs; jpl;lr; rhuhnrytpdq;fs; jpl;lr; nrytpdq;fs; nkhj;jr; nrytpdq;fs; tUtha; gw;whf;Fiw epjpg; gw;whf;Fiw Njhlf;fepiyg; gw;whf;Fiw

877613 532754 1410367 996742 416325 1413067 365896 490597 177428

2013-14 gl;n[l; kjpg;gPL 1056331 608967 1665297 1109975 555322 1665297 379838 542499 171814

2013-14 jpUj;jpa kjpg;gPL 1029252 561182 1590434 1114902 475532 1590434 370288 524539 144473

2014-15 gl;n[l; kjpg;gPL 1167131 596083 1763214 1207892 555322 1763214 382923 528631 101620

Gjpa jdpahh; tq;fpfs;: Gjpa jdpahh; tq;fpfSf;fhd tpz;zg;gq;fis gpky; [yhd; fkpl;b Muha;e;J tUfpwJ. ,e;jg; gzpfs; tUk; khh;r; khjj;Jf;Fs; KbAk; vd;W kj;jpa muR njhptpj;jpUf;fpwJ. gpky; [yhd; fkpl;b elg;G Mz;bd; Kjy; fhyhz;Lf;Fs; jd;Dila Ntiyia Kbf;Fk; vd;W epjpj;Jiw ,iz mikr;rh; eNkhehuhaz; kPdh njhptpj;jhh;. [yhd; jiyikapyhd fkpl;b Gjpa tq;fp njhlq;Ftjw;F te;jpUf;Fk; 25 tpz;zg;gq;fis ghprPyid nra;J tUfpwJ.

uh[Pt; nfhiy Fw;wthspfs; 7 Ngh; tpLjiy?

uh[Pt; fhe;jp nfhiy tof;fpy; jz;lid ngw;w KUfd;> rhe;jd;> Nguwpthsd;> espdp cs;gl 7 Ngiu tpLjiy nra;a jkpof muR KbT nra;Js;sjhf rl;lg; Nguitapy; Kjy;th; n[ayypjh Gjd;fpoik mwptpj;jhh;. cr;r ePjpkd;w jPh;g;gpd; mbg;gilapy; jkpof mikr;ruit $b ,e;j Kbit vLj;jjhf mth; $wpdhh;. kDjhuh;fspd; Nfhhpf;ifia Vw;W> mth;fsJ J}f;Fj; jz;lidia MAs; jz;lidahf Fiwj;J cr;r ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;Js;sJ. MAs; jz;lid vd;gJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; rpiwthrk; vd;whYk; Fw;w tprhuiz Kiwr; rl;lk; gphpT 432 kw;Wk; 433-d;gb> muR vLf;Fk; jz;lid khw;Wjy; my;yJ js;Sgb nra;jy; eltbf;iff;F cl;gl;lJ vd;Wk; ePjpkd;wk; njhptpj;Js;sJ. ,jpy; rhe;jd;> KUfd;> Nguwpthsd; MfpNahh; 23 Mz;Lfshf rpiwapy; ,Ue;J tUtijf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L> Fw;w tprhuiz Kiwr;rl;lk; 432-y; khepy muRf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhuj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> mth;fis cldbahf tpLjiy nra;ayhk; vd KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,NjNghd;W> Vw;nfdNt MAs; ifjpahf 23 Mz;Lfshf rpiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; espdp> uhgh;l; ga];> n[af;Fkhh; kw;Wk; utpr;re;jpud; MfpNahiuAk; tpLjiy nra;ayhk; vd;W KbT vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j tof;F kj;jpa Gydha;T mikg;gpdhy; Gydha;T nra;ag;gl;L> mjd; mbg;gilapy; jlh ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tprhhpj;J jz;lid toq;fg;gl;ljhy;> Fw;w tprhuiz Kiwr;rl;lk; 435-d; gb> jkpof mikr;ruitapd; KbT Fwpj;J kj;jpa muRld; fyhe;jhNyhrpf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdNt> kj;jpa murpd; fUj;ijg; ngWk; tifapy;> jkpof

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mikr;ruitapd; KbT kj;jpa muRf;F cldbahf mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;. kj;jpa muR 3 ehl;fSf;Fs; jdJ fUj;ijj; njhptpf;fhky; fhyk; jho;j;jpdhy;> Fw;w tprhuiz Kiwr;rl;lk; 432-y; khepy muRf;F mspf;fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhuj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; mikr;ruitf; $l;lj;jpy; vLf;fgl;l Kbtpd;gb 7 NgUk; tpLtpf;fg;gLth;.

md;dpa Neub KjyPL: fle;j tUl Vg;uy; Kjy; brk;gh; tiuapyhd fhyj;jpy; 1>656 Nfhb lhyh;fs; msTf;F md;dpa KjyPL ,e;jpahTf;F te;jpUf;fpwJ. ,J mjw;F Ke;ija tUlj;Jld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,uz;L rjtPjk; msTf;F Fiwe;jpUf;fpwJ. mjw;F Ke;ija tUlk; 1>694 Nfhb lhyh; md;dpa KjyPL ,e;jpahTf;F te;jJ. ,e;j fhyj;jpy; nkhhp\pa]; %ykhf ,e;jpahTf;F 367 Nfhb lhyh;fs; KjyPL te;jJ. rpq;fg;G+hpypUe;J 320 Nfhb lhyUk;> nejh;yhe;jpypUe;J 160 Nfhb lhyUk; te;jJ.

njyq;fhdh gj;jhz;LfSf;Fk; Nkyhf eilngw;w ngUk; Nghuhl;lq;fSf;Fg; gpwF> ,e;jpahtpd; 29MtJ khepykhf cjakhfpwJ njyq;fhdh. Me;jpuj;ijg; gphpj;J njYq;fhdh vd;fpw jdp khepyj;ij cUthf;f tif nra;Ak; kNrhjh ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; ,U mitfspYk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;L tpl;lJ. ,e;j kNrhjhTf;F FbauRj; jiyth; xg;Gjy; mspj;jTld; mJ rl;lkhf;fg;gl;L> njyq;fhdh khepyj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd gzpfs; jPtpug;gLj;jg;gLk;.

Rje;jpuj;jpw;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; i`juhghj; ep[hkpd; MSiff;F cl;gl;l gFjpahf ,Ue;jJ njyq;fhdh. i`juhghj; ,e;jpahTld; ,ize;j gpwF ele;j 1952 Njh;jypy; i`juhghj; khepyj;jpd; Kjy;tuhfj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lth; gp. uhkfpU\;z uht;. 1953y; khepy rPuikg;G Mizaj;jpd; ghpe;JiuNa> jdpj; njyq;fhdh khepyk; mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk;> 1961 Njh;jYf;Fg; gpwF njyq;fhdh rl;lg; Nguitapy; ,izg;Gf;F %d;wpy; ,uz;L gq;F MjuT ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk njyq;fhdh Me;jpuj;Jld; ,iza Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhfj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ. mijAk; kPwp> njyq;fhdhtpd; eyd; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; vd;fpw cWjpAld;jhd; 1956 etk; gh; 1Mk; ehs; njyq;fhdh Me;jpuj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gl;lJ. Muk;gk; KjNy ,e;j ,izg;ig mg;Nghija gpujkh; [th`h;yhy; NeU Mjhpf;ftpy;iy. tpthfuj;Jf;fhd xg;ge;jj;Jld; eilngWk; jpUkzk; Nghd;wJ ,e;j Vw;ghL vd;W jdJ mjpUg;jpia mth; ntspg;gilahfNt njhptpj;jhh;. mtuJ jPh;f;f jhprdk; ngha;f;ftpy;iy. 1969> 1972> 2009 vd;W mt;tg;NghJ njyq;fhdh Nfhhpf;ifAk;> Me;jpuj;jpypUe;J gphpa Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw fpsh;rr ; pAk; vOe;j tz;zk; ,Ue;jd. fle;j 10 Mz;Lfshf kPz;Lk; njyq;fhdh Nfhhpf;if cah;e;J> ,g;NghJ jdp khepyk; cUthf ,Uf;fpwJ. cz;iknad;dntd;why; Me;jpu khepyk; gphpf;fg;gltpy;iy. 1956 etk;gh; 1k; Njjp Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l ,izg;G uj;jhfp ,Uf;fpwJ> mt;tsNt. Njyq;fhdhitj; njhlh;e;J tpjh;gh> `hpj;gpuNj\;> lhh;[pypq; vd;W xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf gphptpidf; Nfhhpf;iffs; vog;Nghfpd;wd.

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Kjy; jlit Kjy;thud NghJ (1991 - 1966)

 r%f ePjpia epiyehl;ba 69 rjtPj xJf;fPl;bw;F rl;lg;ghJfhg;Gg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jhh;.  8k; cyfj; jkpo; khehl;il jQ;irapy; elj;jpdhh;.  tpisahl;L tPuh;fis Cf;Ftpf;f cyfj; juk; tha;e;j [t`h;yhy;NeU tpisahl;L muq;fpidAk; cs;tpisahl;L muq;fpidAk; nrd;idapy; mikj;Jf; nfhLj;jhh;.  MrpahtpNyNa jkpofj;jpy; Kjd;Kjyhf kfsph; fhty; epiyaq;fis Jtf;fp itj;jhh;.  ngz; rpRf;nfhiyiaj; jLf;f jkpo;ehl;by; njhl;by; Foe;ijfs; jpl;lk; (ngz; Foe;ijfs; ghJfhg;Gj; jpl;lk;) nfhz;L te;jhh;.  cyfj; juk; tha;e;j njhopy; G+q;fh kw;Wk; jkpofj;jpy; fhfpj njhopw;rhiy> nrk;G cUf;F njhopw;rhiy> ,Uk;G njhopw;rhiy Nghd;witAk;> nrd;idf;F mUNf Nghh;L fhh; njhopw;rhiyiaAk; nry;‡Nghd; cjphpghf njhopw;rhiyAk; nfhz;L te;jhh;.

Kjy;tuhf ,uz;lhtJ Kiw te;j NghJ (2001 - 2006)  jkpo;ehl;by; Nky;epiyf;fy;tp gapYk; khzt - khztpfSf;F ,ytr irf;fps; toq;fpdhh;. 1Mk; tFg;G Kjy; 12Mk; tFg;G tiu ,ytr ghl E}y; jpl;lk; nfhz;L te;jhh;. mth;fSf;F ,ytr g]; gh]; nfhLj;jhh;.  jpUf;Nfhapy;fspYk; Njthyaq;fspYk; jh;fhf;fspYk; murpd; rhh;gpy; md;djhdj; jpl;lk; Vw;gLj;jpdhh;.  jkpofj;jpd; jiyefuhd nrd;idf;F Gjpa tPuhzk; FbePh; jpl;lk; nfhz;L te;jhh;.  cyf ehNl tpaf;Fk; tz;zk; kioePh; Nrkpg;Gj;jpl;lk; nfhz;L te;jhh;.  Gjpa mz;zh kWkyh;rr ; p jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; &gha; 1 Nfhb njhlq;Fk; jpl;lk; Vw;gLj;jpdhh;.  xUq;fpize;j kfsph; Rfhjhu tshfq;fs; Vw;gLj;jpdhh;.  30 gLf;if trjp nfhz;l Muk;g Rfhjhu epiyaq;fis tphpTgLj;jp etPd rpfpr;ir kUj;Jt trjpfisf; nfhz;L te;jhh;.  ,e;jpahtpNyNa Kjd; Kjyhf ngz;fs; fkhz;Nlh gil mikj;jhh;.  cah; njhopy; El;g nerT G+q;fh> ifj;jwp nerthsh;fSf;Fk fhg;gPl;L jpl;lk; coth; ghJfhg;Gj; jpl;lk;> jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s midj;J tpirj;jwpf; $lq;fSf;F Fiwe;j fl;lzj;jpy; jz;zpiwT ngwNt cghp kpd;rhuk; gpw khepyq;fSf;F tpw;gid vd mLf;fLf;fhd rhjidfs; epfo;j;jpdhh;.

Kjy;tuhf %d;whtJ Kiw te;jNghJ 2011 Kjy;....  tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F fPo; ,Uf;Fk; FLk;g ml;iljhuh;fSf;F tpiyapy;yh kpf;]p> fpiuz;lh;> kpd;tprpwp Mfpatw;iw toq;fpdhh;.  fpuhkg;Gw Vio tptrha FLk;gj;jpw;F 4 MLfs; kw;Wk; fwit khLfs; toq;fpdhh;.  fhyzp Kjy; kbf;fzpdp tiu ,ytrk;  ,sepiyg; gl;lk; my;yJ bg;sNkh gl;lk; ngw;w ngz;fSf;F 25 Mapuk; &ghapy; ,Ue;J 50 Mapuk; &ghahf cah;j;jp toq;FtNjhL 4 fpuhk; jq;fKk; toq;Ffpwhh;.  kUj;Jt fhg;gPL jpl;lj;ij tphpTgLj;jp fhg;gPl;L njhifia & 4 yl;rkhf cah;j;jpdhh;.

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 KjpNahh;> khw;Wj; jpwdhspfs;> fztdhy; iftplg;gl;l ngz;fs;> ifg;ngz;fs; MfpNahUf;F khj cjtpj; njhif &gha; 500y; ,Ue;J 1000 &ghahf cah;j;jp toq;Ffpwhh;.  kPdth;fs; FLk;gq;fSf;F toq;Fk; 1000 &ghia (kPd; gpbf;f jilf; fhyq;fspy; toq;Fk; cjtpj; njhif) 2000 &ghahf cah;j;jpf; nfhLj;jhh;.  muRg; gzp GhpAk; jha;khh;fSf;F kfg;NgW fhyr; rYifahf 3 khjk; vd;gij 6 khjk; tpLg;Gf; fhykhf cah;j;jpf; nfhLj;jhh;.  ,];yhkpa rKjhaj;ijr; rhh;e;j ,khk;fs;> Nkhjpdhh;fs;> mugp Mrphpah;fs; Xa;T+jpak; &gha; 750y; ,Ue;J 1000 &ghahf cah;j;jpf; nfhLj;jhh;.  fpwp];Jth;fspd; Gdpjj; jiykhd n[UrNyk; nrd;W tUtjw;F muR epjpAjtp mspj;jhh;.  mNjNghd;W K];ypk;fs; `[; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;sTk; epjpAjtpj; jpl;lk; nfhz;L te;jhh;.  ,e;Jf;fs; ifyhaj;Jf;Fg; Gdpj ahj;jpiu nry;y epjp cjtp [p-20 $l;lk;

M];jpNuypahtpd; rpl;dp efhpy; rdpf;fpoik gpg;uthp 23 ngw;w [p-20 ehLfspd; epjpaikr;rh;fs; kw;Wk; kj;jpa tq;fp fth;dh;fs; re;jpg;G jdf;F jpUg;jpaspg;gjhf epjpaikr;rh; g. rpjk;guk; njhptpj;jhh;. ,J Fwpj;J mth; $Wifapy; nghUshjhu tsh;rr ; pia Cf;Fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mnkhpf;fh mspj;J te;j rYiffis epWj;jpdhy; tsUk; ehLfSf;F Vw;glf;$ba ghjpg;Gfisg; gw;wp ,e;jpahtpd; ftiyia ,e;jf; $l;lj;jpy; ntspg;gLj;jpNdhk; NkYk; rh;tNjr nrythzp epjpaj;jpd; xJf;fPl;L rPuikg;Gg; gzpfis Jhpjg;gLj;j Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ijAk; typAWj;jpNdhk;.

Kd;djhf jdJ nghUshjhug; gpur;idfis ,e;jpah tsh;e;j ehLfsplk; jpzpf;f$lhJ vd n[h;kd; epjpaikr;rh; thy;g;fhq;N\g;Ns $wpapUe;jhh;. mJ Fwpj;J g. rpjk;guk; $Wifapy; tsh;rr ; paile;j ehLfspy; nghUshjhu neUf;fb Vw;gl;lNghJ mit tsUk; ehLfspd; xj;Jiog;ig Nfl;Lg; ngw;wd. vdNt jw;NghJ nghUshjhur; rhptpypUe;J kPSk; epiyapy; tsh;rr ; paile;j ehLfs; tsUk; ehLfSf;F xj;JiogG mspg;gJjhd; epahak; vd;W njhptpj;jhh;.

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Kk;ig fhty;Jiw Mizah; rj;aghy; rpq; (59) tpahof;fpoik jdJ gjtpia uh[pehkh nra;jhh;. mth;> tUk; kf;fsitj; Njh;jypy; gh.[.f rhh;gpNyh my;yJ Mk; Mj;kp rhh;gpNyh Nghl;baplyhk; vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. 1980Mk; Mz;L I.gp.v];> gzpapy; Nrh;e;j rj;aghy; rpq;> Kk;ig fhty;Jiw Mizauhf 2012-Mk; Mz;L Mf];l ; khjk; epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. jdJ 30 Mz;Lfhy Kk;ig fhty;Jiw gzpapy;> GNd kw;Wk; ehf;G+hpy; fhty;Jiw $Ljy; ,af;Feh; cs;spl;l gy;NtW Kf;fpa gjtpfisAk; rj;aghy; rpq; tfpj;Js;shh;. rj;aghy; rpq; mLj;j Mz;L Xa;T ngw ,Ue;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

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Kd;dhs; gpujkh; uh[Pt; fhe;jp nfhiy tof;fpy; KUfd;> rhe;jd;> NguwpthsDf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;l J}f;Fj;jz;lidia MAs; jz;lidahf Fiwj;J cr;r ePjpkd;wk; cj;jutpl;lJ. ,e;j %thpd; fUiz kDf;fis ghprPypg;gJ njhlh;ghf FbauRj; jiyth; 11 Mz;Lfs; fhyjhkjk; nra;jjd; fhuzkhf> ghjpf;fg; gl;lth;fSf;F jz;lid Fiwg;G nra;tjhf ePjpkd;wk; njhptpj;Js;sJ. %tUk; 23 Mz;Lfshf rpiwapy; ,Ug;gij fUj;jpy; nfhz;L> khepy muR jdf;Fs;s mjpfhuj;ij gad;gLj;jp mth;fis tpLtpf;fyhk; vd;Wk; cr;r ePjpkd;wk; fUj;J njhptpj;Js;sJ. murikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; 72tJ gphptpd;gb FbauRj; jiytUf;Fk;> 161tJ gphptpd;gb MSeUf;Fk;> jz;bf;fg;gl;l Fw;wthspfSf;F fUiz fhl;Lk; mjpfhuk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

njyq;fhdh kNrhjh kf;fsitapy; epiwNtwpaJ:

Me;jpuj;jpy; njyq;fhdh gFjpiag; gphpj;J jdp khepyk; cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W mg;gFjp kf;fs; ePz;lfhykhf typAWj;jp te;jdh;. ,ijj; njhlh;e;J fle;j Mz;L ,Wjpapy; ehl;bd; 29-tJ khepykhf njyq;fhdh jdp khepyj;ij cUthf;f kj;jpa mikr;ruit xg;Gjy; mspj;jJ. ,J njhlh;ghd kNrhjh Me;jpu rl;lkd;wj;jpy; mz;ikapy; epuhfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. vdpDk; kNrhjhTf;F FbauRj; jiyth; gpuzhg; Kfh;[p xg;Gjy; mspj;jhh;. ,ijj; njhlh;e;J fle;j 13-k; Njjp kf;fsitapy; kNrhjh mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. tpthjj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; Fuy; thf;nfLg;G elj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; gh[f cWg;gpdh;fs; MjuTld; kNrhjh epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. ,e;j kNrhjh mLj;jjhf khepyq;fsitapd; xg;GjYf;fhf mDg;gg;gl cs;sJ. Gjpjhf mikf;fg;gLk; njyq;fhdh khepyk; kw;Wk; rPkhe;jpuh gFjpf;F mLj;j 10 Mz;LfSf;F i`juhghj; nghJjiyefuhf ,Uf;Fk;. rPkhe;jpuh gFjpf;F Gjpa jiyefuk; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLk;. me;j efhpy; MSeh; khspif> cah; ePjpkd;wk;> jiyikr; nrayfk;> rl;lkd;wk; cs;spl;l midj;J mbg;gil fl;likg;G trjpfSk; nra;J jug;gLk;. fpU\;zh> Nfhjhthp ejpePiug; gfph;e;Jf; nfhs;s Nkw;ghh;itf; FO mikf;fg;gLk; vd;W kj;jpa muR rhh;gpy; thf;FWjp mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

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Y}g; nkhigiy thq;FfpwJ Vh;nly;:

nlypfhk; Jiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; Kd;dzp epWtdkhd ghh;jp vh;nly; Kk;igiar; Nrh;e;j nlypfhk; epWtdkhd Y}g; nlypfhk; epWtdj;ij thq;f ,Uf;fpwJ. Y}g; nkhigYf;F Kk;igapy; kl;Lk; 30 yl;rk; re;jhjhh;fs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,dp ,th;fs; Vh;nly; nel;nthh;f;fpw;F khwp tpLthh;fs;.

mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjr Kd;dhs; Kjy;th; gh[ftpy; ,ize;jhh;: mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Kjy;tuhf 23 Mz;Lfs; gjtp tfpj;j nffhq; mghq; (64) Gjd;fpoik gh[ftpy; ,ize;jhh;. mghq; 1980-1999 tiuapYk;> gpd;dh; 2003-2007 tiuapYk; nkhj;jk; 23 Mz;Lfs; mUzhryg; gpuNjr Kjy;tuhf ,Ue;jhh;. mth; 7 Kiw vk;.vy;.Vthf Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. 2003 Mk; Mz;L fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapy; ,Ue;J tpyfpa mth; mUzhr;ry; fhq;fpu]; vd;w fl;rpia njhlq;fpdhh;. fle;j 2010-k; Mz;L nffhq; mghq; nghJ tpepNahfj; jpl;lj;jpy; &. 10>000 Nfhb Coy; nra;j tof;fpy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhh; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

Me;jpu Kjy;th; fpuz; Fkhh; uh[pdhkh:

njYq;fhdhTf;F vjph;g;G njhptpj;J> Me;jpu khepy Kjy;th; fpuz; Fkhh; nul;b Gjd;fpoik jdJ gjtpia uh[pdhkh nra;jhh;. NkYk;> mth; vk;.vy;.V. kw;Wk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapd; mbg;gil cWg;gpdh; nghWg;gpypUe;Jk; tpyfpdhh;. ,ijj; njhlh;e;J Me;jpu khepy mikr;ruit KOtJkhf fiyf;fg;gl;lJ. mnkhpf;f MAjf; fg;gy; tof;F J}j;Jf;Fb mUNf ,e;jpa fly; vy;iyf;Fs; MAjq;fSld; Eioe;j mnkhpf;fhtpy; jdpahh; fg;gy; ghJfhg;G epWtdj;Jf;F nrhe;jkhd rPNkd; fhh;L xfpNah vd;w fg;giy ,e;jpa flNyhuf;ffhty; gilapdh; fle;j mf;Nlhgh; 12k; Njjp rpiw gpbj;jdh;. fg;gypy; ,Ue;j 10 khYkpfs; 25 ghJfhtyh;fis foA+ gphpT NghyP]hh; ifJ nra;jd;h. 35 mjpetPd Jg;ghf;fpfs; 5680 Njhl;lhf;fs; gwpKjy; nra;ag;gl;ld. ,jidj; jtpu mnkhpf;f fg;gYf;F rl;ltpNuhjkhf bry; toq;fpajhf J}j;Jf;Fbia Nrh;e;j 5 Ngh; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ldh;.

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Science & Technology

epA+rpyhe;J njhlh;: ,e;jpah ‘th\;”mTl;:

epA+rpyhe;Jf;F vjpuhf ,e;jpa mzp ngw;w Nkhrkhd Njhy;tpfspy; ,j;njhlh; ,lk; gpbj;Js;sJ. ,jpy;> ,e;jpah 0-4 vd;w fzf;fpy; th\; mTl;lhdJ. ,jw;F Kd;> 1975-76 kw;Wk; 1980-81 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; eilngw;w njhlhpy; ,NjNghd;w ve;j Ml;lj;jpYk; ,e;jpahthy; ntw;wp ngw;w njhlhpy; ,NjNghd;w ve;j Ml;lj;jpYk; ,e;jpahthy; ntw;wp ngw Kbapy;iy. 2002-03 ,y; eilngw;w 7 Ml;lq;fs; nfhz;l njhlhpy; 2-5 vd;w fzf;fpy; ,e;jpah Njhw;wJ epidT $uj;jf;fJ.

yh];l; Fl; ig ^ 22 ahh;l;];

kh];lh; Ngl;];Nkd; rr;rpd; nlz;Ly;fh; rh;tNjr fphpf;nfl;bypUe;J gphpah tpil ngw;w czh;rr ; pG+h;tkhd fhl;rpfs; mlq;fpa Mtzg;glj;ij A+bA+g;> ‡Ng];Gf;> Ltpl;lh; cs;spl;l r%f tiyjsq;fspy; fhzyhk;. tpisahl;Lg; gj;jphpf;ifahsh; [];tpe;jh; rpj;J jahhpj;Js;s ,e;j glj;jpw;F yh];l; Fl; ig ^ 22 ahh;l;]; vd ngahplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jg; glk; 38 epkplq;fs; Xlf;$baJ.

cyff; Nfhg;ig `hf;fp:

nejh;yhe;jpd; jp n`f; efhpy; tUk; Nk 31 Kjy; [_d; 15 tiu eilngwTs;s cyff; Nfhg;ig `hf;fpg; Nghl;b.

jkpofj;jpy; epA+l;hpNdh Ma;T ikak;: jkpofj;jpy; &.150 Nfhbapy; mZ Jfs; (epA+l;hpNdh) Muha;rr ; p ikak; mikf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;W gpujkh; kd;Nkhfd;rpq; mwptpj;jhh;. NkYk; &.4>500 Nfhbapy; Njrpa cah; nray;jpwd; fzpdprhh; mwptpay; jpl;lKk; &.3>000 Nfhbapy; Njrpa Gtpapay; jfty; Kiw jpl;lKk; nray;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;Wk; mth; njhptpj;jhh;. epA+l;hpNdh vd;gJ mZittpl kpfr; rpwpa Jfs;. fz;Zf;Fg; Gyg;glhj ,e;jj; Jfis Muha;tjd; %yk; gpugQ;rk; cUthd ufrpaj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk; vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Muha;r;rpf;fhf ePyfphp kiyapy; Ruq;fk; Njhz;b ‘,e;jpa epA+l;hpNdh Muha;rr ; p ikaj;ij” (I.vd;.X) mikf;f Kjypy; jpl;lkplg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,j;jpl;lj;jhy; ePyfphpapd; Rw;Wr;#oYf;F ghjpg;G Vw;gLk; vd;w mr;rk; vOe;jjhy; ,g;NghJ Njdp khtl;lk; Nghbkiyg; gFjpapy; nghl;bGuk; fpuhkj;jpy; epA+l;hpNdh ikaj;ij mikf;f KbT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

Njrpa mwptpay; khehL:

fh\;khP ; khepyk;> [k;Ktpy; 101-tJ Njrpa mwptpay; khehL jpq;fs;fpoik njhlq;fpaJ. Ie;J ehs;fs; eilngWk; ,e;j khehl;by; ,e;jpah kl;Lkpd;wp cyfk; KOtJk; ,Ue;J 500-f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tpQ;Qhdpfs; gq;Nfw;Ws;sdh;.

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it - ‡ig l;iut;:

mjpfgbahd b[pl;ly; Nfhg;Gfis ];khh;l;NghdpYk; I - Ngl;fspYk; Nrkpf;f Kbtjpy;iy. ,e;jg; gpur;rpidia Nghf;f it - ‡ig l;iuth; vd;Dk; ifalf;f Gwf;fUtp cgNahfj;jpw;F te;Js;sJ. fpl;lj;jl;l xU fpsTl; nrh;tiu Nghy; nray;gLk; me;j l;iuthpy; 500 [pgp tiuapyhd Nfhg;G fis Nrkpj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ];khh;l;Nghd; my;yJ I-Ngby; cs;s it - ‡ig trjpad; %yk; it - ‡ig l;iutiu ,izf;fNtz;Lk;. gpwF me;j l;iuthpy; cs;s Nfhg;Gfis NeubNa ];khh;l;NghdpYk;> I-NgbYk; cgNahfpf;f KbAk;. xNu l;iuthpypUe;J %d;W rhjdq;fSf;F ,izg;gspf;f KbAk;. Mdhy; Kiwahd gh];Nth;l; A+]h;Nek; Njit.

fhh;gd; ehdh bA+g;:

Ntf;fk; bA+g;> buhd;]p];lh;> vd;W fk;A+l;lh;fs; re;jpj;j khw;wq;fs; Vuhsk;> me;j tifapy; 20-k; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; gad;ghl;bw;F te;j ikf;Nuhg;uhr]h; rpypf;fhd; rpg;fs; jiyKiwAk; tpiutpy; tof;nfhopa cs;sJ. fzpdpfs; tpiutpy; rpypf;fhd; rpg;fSf;F Fl;ig nrhy;y cs;sd. rpypf;fhd; rpg; njhlUf;F gjpyhf fhh;gd; ehNdh bA+g;fis gad;gLj;jp mjpetPd fdpzp xd;W tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mnkhpf;fhtpy; ];lhz;l;‡Nghh;L gy;fiyf;fof khzth;fs; cUthf;fpapUf;Fk; ,e;j fhh;gd; ehNdh bA+g; fzpdp vjph;fhyj;jpy; midj;J b[pl;ly; rhjdq;fspYk; ,lk; ngwf;$Lk; vd;fpd;wdh;. rpypf;fhd; rpg;igtpl kpfr;rpwpa msT nfhz;l ,e;j fhh;gd; ehNdh bA+g;fs; fzpdpapd; Ntfj;ijAk; mjpfhpf;Fk; vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

<];l; vhprf;jp:

nlf;]h]; gy;fiyf;fofj;ij Nrh;e;j n[dbf; ,d;[pdPahpq; khzth;fs; <];l; nry;fspypUe;J vhprf;jp nghUl;fis cUthf;fpAs;sdh;. vhprf;jp jahhpf;f VJthd vz;nza; kw;Wk; nfhOg;G nghUl;fshd ypgpl; vdg;gLk; jputj;ij rh;f;fiuapy; gbaitj;J xU ];tPl; f;&l; Mapiy cUthf;Ffpwhh;fs;. mjpy; gNah - <];l; nry;fSk; mlf;fk;. mtw;iw Ntjptpidf;F gpwF ‡ngh;nkd;Nl\d;> gpy;l;Nu\d; vd;W kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; nfhjpj;jy;> nehjpj;jy;> tbfl;LtjYf;F KiwfSf;F Mshf;fpdhy; Rj;jkhd vhpnghUs; nub. Ntjpg;nghUl;fspy; rpW rpW khw;wq;fis nra;tjd; %yk; ngl;Nuhy; my;yJ Briy ngwyhk;. n[dbf; ,d;[pdPahpq; kl;Lkd;wp nfkpf;fy; kw;Wk; gNah-,d;[pdPahpq; gphptpd; gq;fspg;Gk; ,e;j fz;Lgpbg;gpw;F Kf;fpakhdjhk;.

$Fs; f;Nuhk; ];l;Nuf;:

ehk; mDg;Gfpw ,-nkapy; gbf;fg;gLfpwjh ,y;iy gbf;fhkNyNa tpl;L tplg;gLfpwjh vd;gJ ,Jtiu ufrpaNk. ,e;j ufrpaj;ij cilf;f $fps; f;Nuhk; ];l;Nuf; vd;Dk; mg;spNf\id ntspapl;Ls;sJ. ,izaj;jpy; ,ytrkhf fpilf;Fk; ,e;j mg;spNf\id fzpdpapy; ,d;];lhy; nra;J nfhz;lhy;> ehk; mDg;Gfpw ,-nkapiy mLj;jth;fs; gbf;fpwhh;fsh ,y;iy vd;w jftiy clDf;Fld; njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

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kph; tpz;ntsp epiyak;:

kph; vd;w u\;a nrhy;Yf;F mikjp vd;W mh;j;jk;. mJ Nrhtpaj; A+dpadhy; Vtg;gl;l tpz;ntsp Ma;T epiyak;> G+kpapy; ,Ue;J nry;Yk; tpz;ntsp tPuh;fs; mq;NfNa jq;fp gzpGhpAk; tifapy; mJ tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. 63 mb ePsj;jpy; 1 yl;rj;J 24>340 fpNyhfpuhk; vilapy; mJ ,Ue;jJ. kzpf;F 27 Mapuj;J 700 fpNyh kPl;lh; Ntfj;jpy; G+kpia Rw;wp te;jJ. xU ehspy; 16 Kiw G+kpia Rw;wpaJ. 15 tUlfhykhf tpz;ntspapNyNa ,Ue;jjhy; (rhpahf 5>511 ehl;fs;) kdpjd; tpz;ntspapy; jq;fp Ntiy nra;Ak; tifapy; mikf;fg;gl;l Kjy; Ma;T epiyak; vd;w ngUikia mJ ngw;wJ. u\;a tpz;fg;gyhd NrhA]; %ykhf Nrhtpaj; tPuh;fs; kph; epiyak; nrd;wdh;. gpd;dh; ehrhtpd; ml;yhz;b]; tpz;NzhlKk; kPUld; ,ize;jJ. [g;ghd;> gphpl;ld; tPuh;fSk; mjpy; nrd;W jq;fpdh;. Fiwe;j gl;rk; %d;W gazpfs; vg;NghJk; kPh; tpz;ntsp epiyaj;jpy; ,Ue;jhh;fs;. Nrhtpaj; A+dpad; cile;jJ gpwF rpwpJ fhyk; u\;ah ,jid eph;tfpj;jJ. Mdhy; mjd; nryTfSf;F epjp xJf;f Kbatpy;iy. mjdhy; kph; epiyaj;jpYk; Nrjq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. vdNt ,J gpd;dh; Gtpapd; Rw;W tl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J fl;lhakhf tpyf;fg;gl;L khh;r; 23> 2001 md;W njd; grpgpf; ngUq;flypy; tpOe;J %o;f tplg;gl;lJ.

Nrhyhh; ,k;gy;];:

2015- Vg;uypy; cyfpd; Kjy; #hparf;jp tpkhdk; ‘Nrhyhh; ,k;gy;];” ,e;jpah tutpUf;fpwJ. 12 Mapuk; Nrhyhh; Ngdy;fisr; Rke;jpUf;Fk; Nrhyhh; ,k;gy;]; KOf;f KOf;f #hpa rf;jpahy; kl;LNk ,aq;ff; $baJ. Ke;ija Nrhyhh; fz;Lgpbg;Gfshy; ,utpy; gwg;gJ rpukk;. me;jj; jiliaAk; jfh;j;J ntw;wpfukhf thdpy; cyh tUk; jpwid Nrhyhh; ,k;gy;]; ngw;wpUf;fpwJ. ‘thd;ntspfspy; ifnahg;gk;” vd;w ngahpy; 2015-k; Mz;L ,Wjpf;Fs; cyfk; KOtJk; gwe;J Kbf;Fk; jpl;lj;ij Nrhyhh; ,k;gy;]; epWtdj;jpd; jiyikr; nray;ghl;L mjpfhhp Me;Nu Nghh;]r ; n ; gh;f; kw;Wk; ngh;l;uhd;l ; gpf;fh;L MfpNahh; tFj;Js;sdh;. ‘nry;Yyh; Nghd; fhypq; bnlf;lh;”: ,jd; vil ntWk; 110 fpuhk;. Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iyf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; nry;NghDf;F VNjDk; miog;Gfs; tUfpwjh vd;gij ,f;fUtpapd; cjtpAld; vspjpy; fz;Lgpbj;Jtplyhk;. Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iyf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; nry;NghDf;F miog;Gfs; my;yJ FWQ;nra;jpfs; tUk;NghJ me;j rpf;diy czh;e;J nfhs;Sk; bnlf;lh; fUtpapd; nrd;rhh;> clNd mjph;tiyfs; %yk; buhd; rp];lUf;F njhpag; gLj;Jk;.

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me;j nehbapy; fUtpapd; Nky; cs;s vy;.I.b. tpsf;F vhpAk;. csT ghh;g;gth;fspd; nry;Nghd; iryd;l; Nkhl; my;yJ itg;Nu\dpy; ,Ue;jhy;$l> mijAk; ,e;j fUtp fz;Lgpbj;JtpLk;. Vw;nfdNt nry;Nghid Md; nra;Jnfhz;L ahuhtJ kiwj;J vLj;J te;jhy;> ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpf;Fs; mth;fs; Eioe;jJNk nrd;rhh; fUtp fhl;bf; nfhLj;JtpLk;. Njh;T miwfs;> Kf;fpakhd mYtyfq;fs; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; ,e;j fUtpiag; gad;gLj;jp gy;NtW Fw;wq;fis Kd;$l;bNa jtph;j;Jtplyhk;. ,e;j fUtp> vyf;l;uhdpf;]; re;ijfspy; &.15 Mapuk; Kjy; &.

30 Mapuk; tiu fpilf;fpwJ.

nefhthl; jkpof kpd; Jiwapd; %yk;> kpd;rhuj;ij tPz; nra;ahj ,ae;jpuq;fis gad;gLj;jTk; kpd; rf;jpjia Nrkpf;Fk; rp.vg;.vy; gy;Gfis gad;gLj;jTk; Efh;Nthh; mwpTWj;jg;gl;Ls;sdh;. kpd;rhuk; tPzfhky; ,Uf;f gp.,., jurhd;wpjo; ngw;w kpd; cgfuzq;fis gad;gLj;J mtrpak;. kpd; cw;gj;jpf;fhd vhpnghUshd epyf;fhpNah> mZ vhpnghUNsh xU fl;lj;jpy; jPUk; vd;W $wpdhYk; #hpafhe;jp> fhw;whiy> caphpf;fopT vd;gJ Nghy; ehSf;F ehs; Gjpa njhopy; El;gk; tUk; vd;gij kWf;f KbahJ. Nkfhthl; cw;gj;jp msT vd;gJ Nghy;> nefhthl; vd;gJ ehk; vt;tsT kpd;rhuk; Nrkpf;fpNwhk; vd;gjw;fhd msthff; $wg;gLfpwJ. nefhthl; vd;w thh;;j;ijia mnkhpf;fhtpd; uhf;fp kTz;ld; ,d;];bbA+l; epWtd tpQ;Qhdp mNkhhp Nyhtpd;]; 1989y; gad;gLj;jhky; ,Ug;gJk;> kpd;rhuj;ij tPz; nryT nra;ahky; ,Ug;gJk;> ,aw;ifapypUe;J fpilf;Fk; vhprf;jpia Nrkpg;gJk; nefhthl; mstPl;by; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j mstPL jw;NghJ mnkhpf;fhtpy; kl;LNk gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mjpfhpf;Fk; mZkpd; epiyaq;fshy; Rw;Wr;#oy; ty;Yeh;fs; $wp tUfpd;wdh;. ,ijj; jtph;f;f nkfhthl; mbg;gilapy; vt;tsT cw;gj;jp nra;Njhk; vd;gjw;F gjpyhf> nefhthl; mbg;gilapy; Nrkpg;G kW Row;rp mbg;gilapy; kpd; cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; gfph;khd KiwNa rpwe;jJ.

Mg;gps;

I-Nghd;> I- Ngl; Mfpatw;iwj; jahhpf;Fk; epWtdk; mnkhpf;fhtpd; fypNghh;dpahtpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. Mg;gps; epWtdj;ij ];Bt; [hg];> ];Bt; Nth];dpahf;> nuhdhy;l; nta;d vd;w th; njhlq;fpdh;. ,e;j epWtdj;jpd; Kjd;ik eph;thf mjpfhhpahfTk; ,Ue;j ];Bt; [hg;];> 2011 mf;Nlghhpy; fhykhdhh;. Mg;gps; epWtdk; jahhpj;j Kjy; fzpg;nghwp Mg;gps; - 1 tpiy 666.66 lhyh; vd;W eph;zapf;fg;gl;lJ. 6 vd;w vz; mLj;jjLj;J 3 Kiw tUtJ rhj;jhidf; Fwpg;gJ vd;gJ tpiyia eph;zapj;j ];Bt; Nth];dpf;Fj; njhpahJ. fj;jha; grpgpf; tpkhd epWtdj;jpd; kpfg;nghpa thbf;ifahsh; Mg;gps; epWtdk;jhd;. fg;gy; topahf mDg;g tpUk;ghky; jd;Dila jahhpg;Gfis tpkhdk; %yNk mDg;gpaJ. ,jdhy; ruf;Ffs; chpa ,lj;ij ntF tpiuthf mile;jd. Mg;gps; epWtdj;jpd; ,iz epWtduhd ];Bt; Nt];dpahf; Nth]; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLthh;.

1976-y; jd;Dila fhh; Nfnu[py; ];Bt; [hg;]Pld; Nrh;e;J Mg;gps; epWtdj;ijj; njhlq;fpdhh;. ,g;NghJ njhlh;e;J Ntiyf;F tUtjpy;iy. vd;whYk;> Copah; gl;baypy; ngah; ,Uf;fpwJ. mJkl;Lky;y. Mz;Lf;F 1>20>000 lhyh;fs; cjtpj; njhifahf toq;fg;gLfpwJ. nuhdhy;L nta;d; Mg;gps; epWtdj;jpd; ,yr;rpidia tiue;J> $l;L xg;ge;jg; gj;jpuj;ijj; jahhpj;J Mg;gps; -1 fzpdp epWtdj;Jf;fhd jahhpg;G tiuKiwia vOjpath;. gpwF fld; njhy;iyahy; me;j epWtdj;jpy; jdf;fpUe;j 10% gq;Ffis ntWk; 800 lhyh;fSf;F tpw;Wtpl;lhh;. me;jg; gq;Ffis kl;Lk; mth; ,g;NghJ jd;dplk; itj;jpUe;jhy; mjd; kjpg;G 3>500 Nfhb lhyh;fshFk;.

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V tpz;Nlh]; vf;];gp Nrit

tpz;Nlh]; vf;];gp nkd;nghUSf;fhd Nritia tUk; Vg;uy; khjk; epWj;Jtjhf ikf;Nuh]hg;l; mwptpj;Js;s epiyapy; mjd; mbg;gilapy; ,e;jpahtpy; nray;gLk; fk;g;A+l;lh;fis ,af;f Mz;Lf;Fk; &1>190 Nfhb nrythFk; vd;W njhpfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; bgUepWtdq;fs; mstpy; jw;NghJ 40 yl;rk; fk;g;a+l;lh;fs; nray;gl;LtUfpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; Rkhh; 84 rjtPj msT tpz;Nlh]; vf;];gp MgNul;bq; rp];lkpypUe;J NtW Kiwf;F khwptpl;ld. kPjKs;s 16 rjtPjj;jpdh; ngUk;ghYk; muR epWtdq;fshFk;. 2001-Mk; Mz;L mwpKfkhd tpz;Nlh]; vf;];gp MgNul;bq; rp];lk; jw;Nghija tpz;Nlh]; 8. X.v];. i]tpl %d;W jiyKiwfs; gpe;ijajhFk;. ,g;NghJ nray;ghl;b cs;s vf;];gp. rh;tP]; Ngf; -3 vd;W mwpag;gLfpwJ. vf;];gp Nritf;F ,d;Dk; 28 gzp ehl;fNs vQ;rpAs;s epiyapy; tpz;Nlh]; 7 my;yJ 8 MgNul;bq; rp];lKf;F khWtJ njhlh; e;J eilngw;W tUfpwJ.

Organizations & Schemes vk;.vy;.V.f;fs; NtW gjtp tfpf;f tif nra;Ak; rl;lk; epiwNtwpaJ:

jkpof rl;lg; Nguit cWg;gpdh;fshf ,Ug;gth;fs; thhpaj; jiyth; cs;spl;l mjpfhu mikg;Gfspd; gjtp tfpj;jhy; vk;.vy;.V. gjtpia ,of;Fk; epiy cs;sJ. ,jid khw;wp vk;.vy;.Vf;fs; NtW gjtp tfpf;f tif nra;tjw;fhf jkpo;ehL rl;lj;ij (31967) jpUj;j muR KbT nra;Js;sjhf kNrhjhtpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

njd;kz;ly tUkhd thpj;Jiwf;F Gjpa ,izajsk; njhlf;fk;: tUkhd thpj;Jiw jkpo;ehL kw;Wk; GJr;Nrhp kz;lyj;Jf;fhd Gjpa ,izajsk; njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tUkhdthp njhlh;ghd midj;J cj;juTfs;> Rw;wwpf;iffs;> gapw;rp tFg;Gfs;> nra;jpfs;> elg;Gfs;> Nky;KiwaPl;L tof;Ffs; gw;wpa tptuq;fs; cs;gl gy;NtW jfty;fs; ,lk;ngWk;. tUkhdthp njhlh;ghd rYiffs; Fwpj;j jfty;fisAk; nghJkf;fs; njhpe;J nfhs;Sk; tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpy; tUkhd thpj;Jiwapd; jiyikaplkhd jpy;yp ,izajsj;jpy; cs;s jfty;fSk; ,jpy; ,lk;ngw;wpUf;Fk;. ,jpy; xg;ge;jf; Nfhhpf;iffis (nlz;lh;) gjptpwf;fk; nra;J nfhs;syhk;. tUkhdthpj; Jiw mjpfhhpfspd; njhiyNgrp vz;fs; kw;Wk; ,izajs Kfthpfs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,jd; %yk; nghJkf;fs; jq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd jfty;fis rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhhpfsplk; njhlh;G nfhz;L njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

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,e;j $Ljy; trjpahy; vq;fSf;Fk;> nghJkf;fSf;Fk; ,ilNaahd gzpfs; RygkhFk;. Gjpjhfj; njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;j ,izajsk; (www.tnincometax.gov.in). xU Rw;wwpf;ifia xt;nthU mjpfhhpf;Fk; jdpj; jdpahf mDg;Gtjw;F gjpyhf ,e;j ,izajsj;jpy; gjpNtw;wk; nra;jhy; NghJk;. midj;J mjpfhhpfSk; cldbahf njhpe;J nfhs;Sk; trjpAk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vz;Z}h; JiwKfj;Jf;F fhkuh[h; ngah;: nrd;idapy; cs;s vz;Z}h; JiwKfj;Jf;F ‘fhkuh[h;” ngah; #l;l kj;jpa mikr;ruit xg;Gjy; njhptpj;jJ.

jpz;Lf;fy;> jQ;rhT+Uf;F khefuhl;rp me;j];J: ngUfp tUk; kf;fs; njhif> mjpfhpj;J tUk; tUtha;> efu tphpthf;fk; Mfpatw;iwf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L jpz;Lf;fy; kw;Wk; jQ;rhT+h; Mfpa ,uz;L efuhl;rpfs; khefuhl;rpfshf juk; cah;j;jg;gLk; vd;W Kjy;th; n[ayypjh fle;j Mz;L Vg;uy; khjk; mwptpj;jhh;. mjd;gb Gjpjhfj; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l jQ;rhT+h; kw;Wk; jpz;Lf;fy; khefuhl;rpfis Kjy;th; n[ayypjh njhlq;fp itj;jhh;. mg;NghJ> jQ;rhT+h; khefuhl;rp Nkauhf nghWg;Ngw;fTs;s rhtpj;jphp NfhghYf;Fk;> jpz;Lf;fy; khefuhl;rp Nkauhf nghWg;Ngw;fTs;s tp.kUjuh[{f;Fk; Nkah; epakdj;Jf;fhd murpjo; mwptpf;ifia Kjy;th; n[ayypjh toq;fpdhh;.

rpWghd;ikapdUf;F rktha;g;gspf;Fk; Mizaj;Jf;F xg;Gjy;: rpWghd;ikapdUf;F fy;tp kw;Wk; Ntiy tha;g;Gfspy; rk tha;g;gspf;Fk; Mizak; mikg;gjw;F kj;jpa mikr;ruit xg;Gjy; mspj;Js;sJ. K];yPkf ; spy; r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhuj;jpy; gpd; jq;fpAs;sth;fspd; epiyia Ma;T nra;J ePjpgjp rr;rhh; jiyikapyhd FO ,e;j Mizaj;ij mikf;f ghpe;Jiw nra;jpUe;jJ. ,e;j rktha;g;gspf;Fk; Mizak; ,ltrjp kw;Wk; tPl;L trjp rq;fj;jpy; kWf;fg;gLk; chpikfs; Nghd;w Fiwfis jPh;f;f cjTk;.

NkYk;> kjj;jpd; ngauhy; ve;j rpWghd;ikapdhplKk; ghFghL fhl;lg;gLtij jLg;gjw;F ,e;j Mizak; cWjp nra;fpwJ. rpWghd;ikapd kf;fs; muR Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; Nghjpa gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ngWk; tifapyhd ghpe;Jiufs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. ,e;jpahtpy; 18.5 rjtPjk; K];yPkf ; s; cs;sjhfTk;> mth;fspy; 2.5 rjtPjk; Ngh; kl;LNk muR Ntiyfspy; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ngw;Ws;sjhfTk; rr;rhh; FO njhptpj;Js;sJ.

tp\d; - 2023: jkpo;ehL njhiyNehf;Fj; jpl;lk; 2023-d; ,uz;lhtJ gFjpia nrd;idapy; Mlk;gu tpoh elj;jp Kjy;th; n[ayypjh ntspapl;bUf;fpwhh;. mj;Jld;> jkpo;ehL njhopy; nfhs;if> Ml;Nlh nkhigy; kw;Wk; cjphp ghfq;fs; nfhs;if> caphp njhopy;El;gf; nfhs;if Mfpatw;iwAk; ntspapl;lJld; &. 5>081 Nfhb KjyPl;Lf;fhd 16 xg;ge;jq;fisAk; ifnaOj;jplr; nra;Js;shh;. njhiyNehf;Fj; jpl;lj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ gFjpapy; kpd;rhuk;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> Ntshz;ik cs;spl;l 6 Jiwfspy; 217 cl;fl;likg;G jpl;lq;fis &.15 yl;rk; Nfhbapy; nray;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;J tpsf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. 2011-k; Mz;by; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;w n[ayypjh 22.03.2012 md;W njhiyNehf;Fj; jpl;lk; 2023-d; Kjy; gFjpia ntspapl;lhh;.

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VISION 2023  & 5081 Nfhb KjyPL : 16 ghpe;Jzh;T xg;ge;jq;fs;  jkpo;ehL njhiyNehf;F jpl;lj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; gFjpia jlj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; gFjpia Kjy;th; n[ayypjh nts;spf;fpoik ntspapl;lhh;. mNj epfo;rr ; papy; nrd;id fpuhz;l; Nrhohtpy; eilngw;w tpohtpy; 16 Ghpe;Jzh;T xg;ge;jq;fSk; nra;ag;gl;ld.  jkpof murpd; rhh;gpy; njhopy; Jiw nrayhsh; rp.tp. rq;fh; ,e;j xg;ge;jq;fspy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;. mjd; tptuk; tUkhW :  rptfq;if khtl;lk; khdhkJiuapy; A+dpl;b mg;iyad;]; ypkpnl;l rhh;gpy; tUk; 5 Mz;Lfspy; &. 1000 Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; Mapuk; NgUf;F Ntiytha;g;G fpilf;Fk;. ,e;j epWtdj;jpd; ,af;Feh; mdpUj; J}j; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  Nf.gp.Mh; kpy;]; epWtdj;jpd; rhh;gpy; jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk; godpapy; %d;W Mz;Lfspy; & 600 Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLk; gUj;jp nerT kw;Wk; Jzp gpd;dhyil jahhpf;fg;gLk; Mapuk; NgUf;F ,e;j epWtdj;jpd; eph;thf ,af;Feh; rp.Mh;. Mde;j fpU\;zd; xg;ge;jjj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; =ngUk;GJ}hpy; rpwg;G nghUshjhu kz;lyj;jpy; b.V.gp.gp epWtdj;jpd; rhh;gpy; miuf;flj;jpfis (nrkp fz;lhf;lh;) cw;gj;jp nra;a 5 Mz;Lfspy; & 5 Mapuk; Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLk;. ,jdhy; 500 NgUf;FNtiytha;g;G fpilf;Fk; me;j epWtdj;jpd; ,af;Feh; tp.tPug;gd; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  gp.v];.vr;. tPl;L cgNahf jahhpg;G nghUs; epWtdk;> fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; =ngUk;GJ}h; mUNf gps;isg;ghf;fj;jpy; %d;W Mz;Lfspy; &350 Nfhb KjyPL nra;Ak;. ,jdhy; 400 NgUf;F Ntiy tha;g;G fpilf;Fk;. ,e;j epWtdj;jpd; ,af;Feh; rpk;kd;`hy; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; kfhgypGuj;jpy; `pl;lhr;rp Ml;Nlh epWtdj;jpd; rhh;gpy; mLj;j 3 Mz;Lfspy; & 350 Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLk;. ,jdhy; 400 NgUf;F Ntiy fpilf;Fk; ,jw;fhd xg;ge;jj;jpy; `pl;lhr;rp epWtdj;jpd; ,e;jpaj; jiyth; `pahfp Xa; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;  th;j;jkhd; iyg;rapd;]; epWtdj;jpd; rhh;gpy; flY}h; rpg;fhl;by; 3 Mz;Lfspy; & 300 Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLk; 300 NgUf;F Ntiy tha;g;G fpilf;Fk;. ,e;j epWtdj;jpd; jiyth; RfpNahf; n[apd; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk; Nty;thh; Nfhl;ilapy; mgpuhkp mk;kd; kpy;]; rhh;gpy; gpd;dhyil jahhpg;Gf;nfd mLj;j %d;W Mz;Lfspy; &.261 Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLk; ,jdhy; 450 NgUf;F Ntiy fpilf;Fk; xg;ge;jj;jpy; mgpuhkp mk;kd; kpy;]; jiyth; v];.tp. MWKfk; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  `r;.vy;.vy; gNahnlf; epWtdj;jpd; rhh;gpy; jpUf;fOf;Fd;wk; jpUkzpapy; & 594 Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLk;. xg;ge;jj;jpy; epWtdj;jpd; jiyth; vk;.Iag;gd; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; kiwkiy efhpy; kNfe;jpu rpl;bapy; gp.V. v];. Vg;.> Nfl;lyp];l; epWtdk; KjyPL nra;a Kd;te;Js;sJ. ,jw;fhd xg;ge;jj;jpy; mjd; ,af;Feh; uhkd; uhkr;re;jpud; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;. mjd; KjyPl;Lf;fhd msT Fwpj;J Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy.  fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; ty;yk; tlfy;ypy; Nf.xa;.gp. Nkhl;lhh; irf;fps; epWtdk; rhh;gpy; &225 Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLk;;. ,jdhy; 579 NgUf;F Ntiy fpilf;Fk; ,jd; ,af;Feh; ,dFkh xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; ty;yk; tlfy;ypy; ak`h Nkhl;lhh; epWtdj;jpd; rhh;gpy; 123 Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLk;. ,jdhy; 600 NgUf;F Ntiy fpilf;Fk; ,jd; Kjd;ik nra; mjpfhhp gpukT ty; ftrha; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; ty;yk; - tlfy;ypy; Nahth fh];lf; ,e;jpah epWtdk; rhh;gpy; &120 Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; 250 NgUf;F Ntiy fpilf;Fk; ,jd; eph;thf ,af;Feh; \pNrfp Nahd; Nrhth xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; ty;yk; - tlfy;ypy; rFuh Ml;Nlh cjphp ghfq;fs; rhh;gpy; & 107.25 Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,jd; eph;thf ,af;Feh; lfhNth ‡g;hpT+hp xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; ty;yk; - tlf;fpy;y N[hN`hF cw;gj;jp epWtdk; rhh;gpy; &102 Nfhb KjyPL nra;g;gLfpwJ. ,jdy; 470 NgUf;F Ntiy fpilf;Fk; ,jd; Kjd;ik nray; mYtyh; thFl;lh xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhh;.  fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; ty;yk; - tlfy;ypy; N`hakh gphprp\d; xh;f;]; rhh;gpy; &100 Nfhb KjyPL nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; 100 NgUf;F Ntiytha;g;G fpilf;Fk;. ,jd; eph;thf ,af;Feh; ,lhuh kh;#uh xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnahOj;jpl;lhh;.

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rpMh;gpv‡g; gilf;F ftpQh; [hntj; mf;jhpd; Gjpa fPjk;

ehl;bd; kpfg;nghpa Jiz uhZtg;gilahfj; jpfOk; kj;jpa hprh;t; NghyP]; gilf;F (rpMh;gpvg;) Gfo;g;ngw;w ftpQh; [hntj; mf;jh; Njrg;gw;W kw;Wk; tPu tuyhWfs; epiwe;j Gjpa ghliy ,aw;wpAs;shh;. 5 epkplq;fs; xypgug;ghFk; ,g;ghliy tUk; 28 k; Njjp eilngwTs;s rpMh;gpvg; gilapd; 75tJ epWtd ehs; tpohtpy; FbauRj; jiyth; gpuzhg; Kfh;[p ntspapLfpwhh;. rpMh;gpvg; ,af;Feh; n[duy; jpyPg; jphpNtjp me;jg; ghliy gilapd; fPjkhf ,aw;WkhW mf;jUf;F Nahrid njhptpj;jhh;. Vw;nfdNt rpMh;gp vg; gilf;nfd ghly; cs;sJ. vdpDk; jw;Nghija Gjpa gzpfshd khNthap];l; vjph;g;G eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; cs;ehl;Lg; ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghd gzpfs; Fwpj;Jk; ,lk; ngwr; nra;Ak; tifapy; ,e;j Gjpa ghly; ,aw;g;gl;Ls;sJ. mf;jhpd; ,g;ghlYf;F [hntj; mypapd; Fuypy;> uh[P rpq; ,iraikj;Js;shh;. kw;nwhU Jiz uhZtg; gilahd kj;jpa njhopy; ghJfhg;Gg; gilf;Fk; (rpIv];vg;) mf;jh; fle;j Mz;L ghly; vOjpAs;sJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

Environment & Ecology

Nlhy;fpNad; ^hp]k;: nksd;l; xypk;g];> epA+rpyhe;jpd; njw;Fg; gFjpapy; xU %iyapy; ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j kiyapd; xU gFjp f`{uq;fp Njrpag; G+q;fhtpy; cs;sJ. mq;Fs;s ghiwfspy; ,aw;if mw;Gjkhd tbtq;fisr; nrJf;fpAs;sJ. ,ijg; ghh;f;f tUk; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; vz;zpf;if> jp yhh;L M‡g; jp hpq;]; jpiug;glk; ntspahd gpwF gy klq;F mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. jp yhh;L M‡g; jp hpq;]; fijia vOjpathpd; ngah; Nly;fpnad; vdNtjhd; me;jg; ngah;. ,q;F Kd;G te;J nry;Yk; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; vz;zpf;if kpfr; nrhw;gk;. Mdhy; ,j;jpiug;glk; ntspahd gpwF me;j tdg;gFjpf;F epiwa Ngh; tuj; njhlq;fp tpl;ldh;. khRglhj ,aw;ifr; Roy; kdpjh;fshy; khRglj; njhlq;fptpl;lJ vd;gJ kl;Lky;y. NtnwhU fhuzKk; Rw;Wr; Roy; Mh;tyh;fisf; ftiyg;gl itj;jpUf;fpwJ. nghJ ,lq;fspy; glg;gpbg;G elj;Jk;NghJ glf;FOtpdh; Xh; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. glg;gpbg;Gj; jsj;ij Kd;G NghyNt Mf;fpj; juNtz;Lk; vd;Dk; epge;jid mjpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;. Mdhy; ,g;Nghnjy;yhk; glg;gpbg;Gf;Fg; gpwF mq;Fg; Nghlg;gl;l nrl;> G+q;fhtpy; nra;ag;gl;l khw;wq;fs; Mfpatw;iw ePf;fpg; gioa epiyf;Ff; nfhz;Ltuhky; mg;gbNa tpl;Lr; nry;tij tof;fkhf;fp tUfpd;wdh;. fhuzk; mit ePf;fg;glhky; ,Ue;jhy;> mq;F tUk; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; vz;zpf;if NkYk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. muRf;F tUkhdKk; nfhopf;fpwJ.

khh;gfg; Gw;WNeha;: khh;gfg; Gw;WNehahy; ngz;fs; mjpfk; mstpy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. fhyjhkjkhf jpUkzk; nra;tJ> Foe;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij js;spg; NghLtJ Nghd;wtw;iw ,jw;F Kf;fpa fhuzq;fshf mike;Js;sd. xt;nthU Mz;Lk; gpg;uthp 4-k; Njjp cyf Gw;WNeha; jpdk; filgpbf;fg;gLfpwJ. nghJkf;fsplk; Gw;WNeha; gw;wpa jtwhd vz;zj;ij khw;WtNj ,e;j Mz;bd; fUg;nghUshFk;. Gw;WNehia Muk;gj;jpNyNa fz;Lgpbj;jhy; Fzg;gLj;jp tplyhk;.

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AV, Rw;Wr;#oy; tpUJ: If;fpa muG mkPufj;jpd; (AV,) Gfo;ngw;w [haj; rh;tNjr tpUJ (Rw;Wr;#oy;) ,e;jpahitr; Nrh;e;j Rw;Wr;#oy; epGzh; mNrhf; Nfh];yhTf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Rw;Wr;#oy; Jiwapy; mwptpay;> njhopy;El;g rhjidf;fhf (2-tJ gphpT) toq;fg;gLk; ,e;j tpUJ> mNrhf; kw;Wk; kNyrpahitr; Nrh;e;j [hf;hp mg;Jy; `kPJ Mfpa ,UtUf;Fk; $l;lhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,th;> 2005 kpy;ypdpak; <Nfh rp];lk; kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;ifapd; Jizj;jiyth; Mthh;.

Rw;Wr;#oy; kw;Wk; ePbj;j tsh;rr ; pf;fhd rh;tNjr jiyikf;fhd (Kjy; gphpT) tpUij nkhdhNfh ehl;L ,sturh; My;gh;Lf;F (2) toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,aw;if tsk; kw;Wk; vhprf;jpj; Jiwapd; ePbj;j tsh;rr ; pf;fhd Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;Ls;s gy;NtW ehLfisr; Nrh;e;j jdp egh;fs; kw;Wk; FOtpdiu Cf;Ftpf;Fk; tifapy; ,e;j tpUJ toq;fg;gLfpwJ. NkYk;> ,J njhlh;ghd Muha;rr ; papy; <LgLk; jdpegh;fs; kw;Wk; epWdq;fis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; tifapYk; ,e;j tpUJ toq;fg;gLfpwJ. AV, Kd;dhs; mjpgh; N\f;KfkJ gpd; u\Pj; my;kf;J}k; fle;j 1999-y; ,e;j tpUij epWtpdhh;.

kiy kdpjh; j];uj; kQ;rp:

gp`hh; khepyk; fia gFjp K`;uh xd;wpak; nf`;yTh; fpuhkj;jpy; 1934-k; Mz;L gpwe;jth; j];uj; kQ;rp epykw;w Vio tptrhapahd ,thpd; kidtp cly; eyk; Fd;wp kUj;Jt cjtp fpilf;fhjjhy; caphpoe;jhh;.

Mkph;fhdpd; Gfo;ngw;w btp njhluhdh rj;aNkt n[aNj 2k; ghfj;jpy; j];uj; uQ;rpapd; tho;f;if tuyhW nrhy;yg;glTs;sJ. rj;aNkt n[aNj 2-k; ghfj;ij j];uj;Jf;F mh;gzpg;gjhf Mkph;fhd; njhptpj;Js;shh;. j];uj;jpd; Jzpr;ry; kw;Wk;mh;g;gzpg;G czh;Tf;F ehd; jiytzq;FfpNwd; vd Mkph; njhptpj;Js;shh;. jd; kidtpf;F Neh;e;j fjp NtW ahUf;Fk; Neuf;$lhJ vdf; fUjpa j];uj; mq;fpUe;j kiyia ntl;b ghij mikf;Fk; gzpiaj; njhlq;fpdhh;. jdp kdpjuhf vtnuhUthpd; Jiz ,d;wp> ,uT gfyhf ghij mikf;Fk; gzpiar; nra;jhh;. fbdkhd kiyg;ghiwiaf; File;J> 360 mb ePsk;> 30 mb mfyk;> 25 mb Mok; kiyia ntl;b ghijia mikj;jhh;. ,jw;fhf mth; 1960k; Mz;L Kjy; 1982-k; Mz;L tiu 22 Mz;L fhy fLk; ciog;igr; nrytpl;lhh;. ,Wjpahf me;jg; ghij mike;Nj tpl;lJ. ,e;jg;ghijiahy;> mj;jph;th]ph;fQ;r; xd;wpaj;Jf;F ,ilNaahd njhiyT 55 fp.kP vd;gjpypUe;J 15 fp.kP Mfr; RUq;fpg; NghdJ. Vioahf ,Ue;jhYk; jdpkdpjuhfg; Nghuhba kiyiag; gzpa itj;j j];uj;> kiy kdpjy; vdg; Gfog;gl;lhh;. mth; 2007k; Mz;L Mf];l; khjk; 17k; Njjp fhykhdhh;. mthpd; ngUKaw;rpiag; ghuhl;b gp`hh; muR mtUf;F muRkhpahijAld; ,Wjpr; rlq;ifr; nra;jJ. j];uj; kQ;rpapd; tho;f;if tuyhW kQ;rp vd;w ngahpy; jpiug;glkhf vLf;fg;gl;lJ.

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100 Mz;Lfis epiwT nra;j ghk;gd; uapy; ghyk;:

,uhNk];tuk;-ghk;gd; gFjpia ,izf;Fk; tifapy; flypy; mike;Js;s kpf ePskhd uapy; ghyk; jpq;fs;fpoikAld; (gpg;.24) E}W Mz;Lfis epiwT nra;fpwJ. ghf; [yre;jp> kd;dhh; tisFlhit ,izf;Fk; gFjp ghk;gd; flyhFk;. kz;lgk; epyg;gug;G gFjpiaAk;> ghk;gd; fly; gFjpiaAk; ,izf;Fk; tifapy; ,uz;L fpNyh kPl;lh; njhiyTf;F mike;Js;s uapy; ghyfl;Lkhdg; gzpfs; 1902 Mk; Mz;L Jtq;fpd. flypy; urhad fyitfNshL 144 J}z;fs; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 10 kPl;lh; ePsj;jpy; 1000 ld; ,Uk;ghy; mike;Js;s J}f;Fg; ghyj;ij jhq;Fk; msTf;F flypy; 124 mb Moj;jpypUe;J ,uz;L gpy;yh; J}z;fs; fl;lg;gl;L> mjd; Nky; ,uz;L ,Uk;G fphpy; yPg;Gfs; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;jg; ghyk; fl;Lk; gzp 1913 Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; Kbf;fg;gl;lJ. Vwj;jho 10 Mz;Lfshf ghyk; fl;Lk; gzp eilngw;wJ. midj;J gzpfSk; Kbe;J 1914 Mk; Mz;L gpg;uthp 24 Mk; Njjp kz;lgk; kw;Wk; ghk;gd; gFjp topahf jD\;nfhb tiu uapy; Nghf;Ftuj;J Jtq;fg;gl;lJ.

INDIA & ITS NEIGHBOURS

rPdhtpy; Gj;jhz;L: rPdhtpy; 31-01-14 nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ. rPdhtpy; xt;Nthh; Mz;Lf;Fk; tpyq;Ffspd; ngah; #l;lg;gLtJ tof;fk;. ,e;j Mz;L Fjpiu Mz;lhFk;.

,yq;if:         



133 tUlkhf ,q;fpyhe;jplk; khl;bf; nfhz;l ,yq;if 1948> gpg;uthp 4k; Njjp md;W tpLjiyahdJ nkhj;j ehNl 65 fp.kP. ePsk;jhd;. Rkhh; ,uz;liuf;Nfhb Ngh; tho;fpd;wdh;. rpq;fsh; (74%) jkpoh; (15.4%) jkpo;K];ypk; (10%) INuhg;gpah; thhpRfs; (1%)> Ntlh;fs; (0.1%) cs;sdh;.

Gj;jkjk; (69%)> ,e;J kjk; (12%)> ,];yhk; (10%)> fpwp];Jtk; (7%) cs;sd.

1972-y; ,yq;if rdehaf Nrhryprf; FbaurhdJ. Muk;gg;gs;sp Kjy; gy;fiyf;fofk; tiu fy;tp ,ytrk;. njd;dhrpahtpy; jdpegh; tUkhdk; mjpfKs;s ehL. fly; kl;lk; ,wq;Fk;NghJ ,e;jpahNthL ,ize;Jk; VWk;NghJ jdpahd epyg;gFjpahfTk; tuyhw;wpy; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. 5 yl;rk; tUlq;fSf;F Kd; kdpjd; tho;e;j rhd;Wfs;> 12 Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;Ng tptrhak;> Ntl;il eha;fs; gw;wpa tpguq;fs; cs;sd.

2600 tUlq;fSf;F Kd; fypq;f ehl;bypUe;J (xbrh) Juj;jg;gl;l ,sturd; 700 NgNuhL ,yq;iff;F te;jhd; vd;fpwJ rpq;fs fhtpak; kfhtk;rk;. mg;NghjpUe;Nj jkpo; kd;dh;fSk; ,Ue;Js;sdh;. mjw;F Kd;dNu al;rh;> ehfh; vd;NghUk; ,Ue;Js;sdh;. thhpR ,y;yhj rpq;fs kd;ddplk; ,Ue;J Nghh;j;Jf;fPrpa kd;dk; ngahpy; ,yq;ifia 1580-y; xU jsgjp capy; vOjpf; nfhz;lhd;.

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rh;tNjr jha;nkhop ehs; gpg;uthp 21: tq;fj;jpy; 54 rjtPjk; NgUf;F tq;fhsk; jha;nkhop. mijAk; muR nkhopahf mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd Nghuhbdh;. 1952-y; ,Nj ehspy; 144 jil cj;juit kPwpa ugPf; cjPd; mfkJ> mg;Jy; ryhk;> mGy; gh;fj;> mg;Jy; [g;ghh; vDk; ehd;F Ngh; lhf;fh gy;fiyfof tshfj;jpy; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. tq;f nkhopf;fhd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ugPf; cjPd; Kjy; jpahfp Mdhh;. Mq;NfNa mth;fSf;fhd epidTf;rpd;dk; vOg;gg;gl;lJ. ehd;Nf ehl;fspy; mJ ,bf;fg;gl;lJ. ugPf;if fz;Lgpbf;f Kbahj ,lj;jpy; muR Gijj;jJ. 1954y; kPz;Lk; kf;fs; epidtplj;ij fl;bdhh;fs;. Nghuhl;lk; fhl;Lj;jPahf khwpaJ. VuhskhNdhh; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. ,e;j ehis rh;tNjr jha;nkhop ehshf filgpbg;gjhf 1999y; Ieh mwptpj;jJ. 2000 Kjy; tUle;NjhWk; ,J filgpbf;fg;gLfpwJ. 1950 Kjyhf 3000 nkhopfs; tof;fpy; ,Ue;J kiwAk; Mgj;jpy; ,Ue;jd. mtw;wpy; 230 nkhopfs; kiwe;Jtpl;ld. vdNt vQ;rpa nkhopfisf; fhf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; Ieh nray;gLfpwJ.

mnkhpf;fhtpy; Nkhbf;F vjpuhf tprh kWg;G jPh;khdk; thg];: gh[ftpd; gpujkh; Ntl;ghsuhd eNue;jpu Nkhbf;F vjpuhd tprh vjph;g;G jPh;khdj;ij mnkhpf;fhtpd; [dehaff; fl;rp vk;.gp.];fhl; ngh;hp thg]; ngw KbT nra;Js;shh;. Nkhbf;F vjpuhd ,e;j jPh;khdj;ij thg]; ngWk; ,uz;lhtJ vk;.gp. ,th; Mthh;. Nkhbf;F tprh toq;Ftjw;F vjph;g;G njhptpj;J ehlhSkd;w jPh;khdk; 417 vd;w ngahpy; Gjpa jPh;khdk; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. ,e;j jPh;khdj;ij Mjhpj;J me;ehl;L vk;.gp.f;fs; 42 Ngh; ifnaOj;jpl;L ,Ue;jdh;. me;ehl;bd; ntsptptfhuf; fkpl;bapy; Kf;fpag; gq;F tfpf;Fk; [dehaff; fl;rp vk;.gp.ahd ];fhl; ngh;hpAk; FbauRf; fl;rp vk;.gp.ahd ];Bt; rhNghl;Lk; ,e;jj; jPh;khdj;ijf; nfhz;L te;J ,Ue;jdh;.

,th;fspy; ];Bt; rhNghl;> Vw;fdNt Nkhbf;F tprh toq;Ftij vjph;f;Fk; jPh;khdj;ij thg]; ngw;whh;. rkPgj;jpy; F[uhj;jpy; eNue;jpu Nkhbia ,e;jpahTf;fhd mnkhpf;fj; J}jh; ehd;rp ghnty; re;jpj;Jg; Ngrpdhh;. ,e;j re;jpg;gpw;Fg; gpd;dh; jw;NghJ ];fhl; ngh;hpAk; tprh vjph;g;G jPh;khdj;ij thg]; ngw KbT nra;J ,Ug;gjhf ,e;J mnkhpf;f mwf;fl;lisapd; ,af;Feh; N[ fd;rhuh njhptpj;Js;shh;. ,J Fwpj;J N[ fd;rhuh $Wifapy;> Nkhbf;F vjpuhd jPh;khdk; jtwhdJ vd;gij mnkhpf;f ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; czh;e;Js;sdh; vd;whh;.

rT+jp ehspjopd; Kjy;ngz; Mrphpah; rTka;ah [gh;jp:

rT+jp mNugpahtpypUe;J ntspahFk; rTjp nf[l; (Mq;fpyk;) ehspjopd; Gjpa Mrphpauhf rTka;ah [gh;jp epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. ehspjo; Mrphpauhf xU ngz; epakpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ rT+jp tuyhw;wpy; ,JNt Kjy;Kiw. ,jd;%yk; goikthj nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;Wk; K];ypk; ehl;by; Clfj; Jiwapd; cah; gjtpf;F NkYk; rpy ngz;fs; tUthh;fs; vd;w ek;gpf;if Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

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Md;iydpy; ‘Neh‡gah; N[hd;” Mtzg;glk;: ,yq;ifapy; tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F vjpuhd ,Wjpf;fl;l rz;ilapy; ele;j Nghh;f; Fw;wq;fs; njhlh;ghf> gphpl;ldpd; Nrdy; 4 njhiyf;fhl;rp ,af;Feh; fy;yk; nkf;Nu jahhpj;j “No Fire Zone: The killing fields of Srilanka” vd;w Mtzg;glk; jzpf;iff;Fg; gpwF ,e;jpahtpy; Qhapw;Wf;fpoik ntspahdJ. ,J Fwpj;J fy;yk; nkf;Nu $Wifapy;> ‘,e;jg; glj;ij ntspapl jil tpjpj;j kNyrpah> Neghsk;> ,yq;if cs;spl;l ehLfspYk; ,g;glj;ij ,ytrkhf fhzyhk;. 93 epkplk; Xlf;$ba ,e;jg; glk; ,yq;ifapd; tlfpof;Fg; gFjpapy; lhf;lh;fs;> rptpypad;fs;> tpLjiyg;Gypfs; kw;Wk; ,yq;if uhZtj;jpduhy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJ.

mnkhpf;fhtpd; cjtpia NfhUfpwhh; ahDNfhtpr;

INuhg;gpa A+dpaDld; cf;iuid ,izf;ff; Nfhhp vjph;f;fl;rpapdh; mspj;j neUf;fb Kw;wpajhy; jiyefiu tpl;L ntspNawpdhhh; ahDNfhtpr;. mjpgh; Njh;jiy elj;jp Gjpa muR mikf;fTk;> jdJ mjpfhuq;fis Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; rk;kjpj;J ahDNfhtpr; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;l epiyapy;> jiyefh; fPit vjph;g;ghsh;fs; fle;j nts;spf;fpoik ifg;gw;wpdh;. mijaLj;J rdpf;fpoik fPit tpl;L ntspNawpa mth; vq;F ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;gJ Fwpj;j jfty; njhpatpy;iy. ,e;j epiyapy;> cf;iud; ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; thf;nfLg;G elj;jp mjpgh; gjtpapypUe;J ahDNfhtpr; ePf;fg;gl;lhh;. rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;bUe;j Kd;dhs; gpujkh; Aypah ijNkh n\d;Nfht; tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;lhh;. cf;iudpy; vz;zw;w kf;fspd; caphpog;Gf;F ahDNfhtpr; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jhh; vd;Wk;> mth; jg;gp Xb tpl;ljhfTk; $wp ahDNfhtpr;ir ifJ nra;a me;ehL nrt;tha;fpoik thuz;l; gpwg;gpj;Js;sJ. NkYk;> Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfsplk; 3>500 Nfhb lhyh; cjtpia Nfl;Ls;sdh;> cf;iudpd; Gjpa rPh;jpUj;jthjpfs;. u\pa mjpghpd; FWf;fPl;lhy; Vw;gl;Ls;s murpay; gpur;rpid kw;Wk; nghUshjhu neUf;fbiaj; njhlh;e;J cf;iudpy; Gjpa muir Vw;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rp me;ehl;bd; ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; nrt;tha;fpoik Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. mijaLj;J ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; mitj; jiyth; mnyf;]hz;lh; Jh;rr ; pNdht; $Wifapy;> ‘cf;iudpy; Gjpa muR tpahof;fpoik mikf;fg;gLk;” vd;W njhptpj;jhh;.

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