CULTURAL GEOMETRY DIFFERENT FACETS OF DISCIPLINE AND BEHAVIOR
VICKY HUANG Senior Thesis 2 | Juliette Cezzar | Spring 2013
THESIS STATMENT
TARGET AUDIENCE: EDUCATORS, TEACHERS, TEENS Schools today are more culturally diverse than ever before. This kit for educators examines cultural differences and the influences of a student’s heritage on learning style preferences, behavior patterns, and deeply held values, each of which influence child development differently. Also, some cultural practices might be misunderstood as child abuse in other cultures. However, this is not to stereotype or overgeneralize different cultures. All behaviors can be found in all cultural groups and some behaviors are demonstrated more in some cultures than in others. The main objective of this kit is to broaden the cultural knowledge of educators with respect to teaching culturally diverse students. At the same time, it encourages an open mind and invites the educator to engage in a self-examination of his / her own beliefs regarding discipline, childrearing practices, and abuse. TARGET AUDIENCE: CHILDREN Included with the kit is a card game to be played with children. The game aims to educate them about appropriate and inappropriate childrearing practices by observing the behaviors and suggesting where to look for help. This kit would be introduced in schools and community services where teachers, educators, and volunteers would assist children with the game as well play with them. The more they play, the more they develop distinction between child abuse and discipline. They will then be able to recognize their own situations and problems, and seek interventions.
GAME RULE
TARGET AUDIENCE: EDUCATORS, TEACHERS, TEENS 2 – 5 Players PLEASE MATCH THE CARDS BY COLORS AND THE CONTENT! 1. Simply mix and match the cards by colors and the clues. Discuss the cases as the game goes along. 2. The cards are separated by two categories – race with clue, and definitions or descriptions. Shuffle each deck. Each player will take 3 cards from each deck and check if they have the right match. When a player gets a match, he/she will open it up and place in front of him/her. Same steps for each around, each person, and at the same time. The one with most matches wins the game. 3. There will be one single deck. They are shuffled and distributed equally to each player or some might get extra depending on the number of the players. Once the player gets the cards, he/she will take out the right pair(s). After finishing the first step, the oldest person will choose one direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) to start and pick a card from the other player. It will continue to the next person and to the next. The first player who finishes all his/her cards wins the game.
PROTOTYPES
Hispanic Families
Low-income Black families
CLUE: Reddened and crusty eye-margins.
CLUE: “Whup” (Paddle) child if the child misbehaves.
Placing petroleum jelly on one’s eye areas when one has difficulty sleeping. This practice is believed to promote slumber.
The use of controlling and punitive child treatment is more likely to occur and may even be viewed as a sign of caring and affection by the child.
SOURCES: www.behavioradvisor.com/C-ChildAbuse.html www.behavioradvisor.com/C_SenDiscip.html
Eastern European East Asian families CLUE: A ring-shaped burn on the body.
Folk Medicine
Eastern European East Asian families CLUE: Massive red streaks down the neck and going down to the back.
Folk Medicine
Asian Culture
This resulted from a folk medicine healing practice known as “coining� where hot coins and warm oil are rubbed on the backs to relive a variety of illnesses such as muscle pains, back pain, coughs, colds, fevers, chills and symptoms related to changes in the weather.
DISCIPLINE: Those whose heritage was influenced by Confusionism view the body as being more sacred as one approaches the area of the head where the soul is believed to reside. Teachers should avoid certain actions that are used to motivate and reinforce Hispanic, Arab and Black students.
Hispanic, Black, Native American DISCIPLINE: While displaying their culture's helpfulness, brotherhood or generosity, students may assist their peers or allow them to copy their answers, not considering this to be "cheating"
COVER
Vietnamese Families
Hispanic Families
Hispanic Families
CLUE: Reddened and crusty eye-margins.
CLUE: Marks on the child’s kneesand the child might be difficult to walk.
Folk Medicine
Physical Discipline
Physical Discipline
Placing petroleum jelly on one’s eye areas when one has difficulty sleeping. This practice is believed to promote slumber.
Kneel on uncooked rice or corn when the child misbehaves.
They tie a misbehaving child’s ear to a doorknob as punishment.
Eastern European East Asian families
Eastern European East Asian families
American middleclass families
CLUE: A ring-shaped burn on the body.
CLUE: Massive red streaks down the neck and going down to the back.
CLUE: The misbehaving child is isolated, withdrawing love and affection for a period of time.
Folk Medicine
Folk Medicine
This resulted from a folk medicine healing practice known as “cupping” which involves lowering a ceramic cup, turned upside down with a candle underneath, down to the skin of the afflicted area of the body. A suctioning effect results which is believed to draw out aggravating substances.
This resulted from a folk medicine healing practice known as “coining” where hot coins and warm oil are rubbed on the backs to relive a variety of illnesses such as muscle pains, back pain, coughs, colds, fevers, chills and symptoms related to changes in the weather.
Emotional Punishment
Low - income Black Families
Low - income Black Families
Low - income Black Families
CLUE: “Whup” (Paddle) child if the child misbehaves.
CLUE: Lye or detergent is added to the child’s bath water.
CLUE: “Persnickety”, a pungent brew made from tobacco and added to the child’s milk.
Physical Discipline
Folk Medicine
Folk Medicine
The use of controlling and punitive child treatment is more likely to occur and may even be viewed as a sign of caring and affection by the child.
This is a folk remedy to treat the skin rashes.
This is a folk remedy to treat stomach pains.
CLUE: Has a pierced ear.
An emotional separation from their progeny that might create feelings of rejection in the child.
Middle- class Black Families
Low - income Families
Native American Families Culture
CLUE: Oriented behavior management techniques that avoid the expected swift physical punishment.
CLUE: Cuts, bruises and swelling.
DISCIPLINE: Parents are neglectful and letting their children "run wild". Many tribes, non-interference, except in times of danger, is the guardians' policy. And they assign a great deal of the child raising responsibility to relatives, especially the grandparents.
Folk Medicine
Physical Discipline
However, this may actually cause anxiety for the child.
Early independence with limited guidance of training is the norm.
Low - income Black Families
The use of inconsistent and harsh physical punishment whereby children are taught to obey rather than reason.
American Culture DISCIPLINE: A child is expected to look at the authority figure when being disciplined. Lowered eyes are associated with deceit or inattention.
American Culture DISCIPLINE: Parents uses positive reinforcement procedures while limiting punishment. These majority culture parents perceive their methods as being more humane than those that incorporate physical punishment.
Asian Culture BELIEF: There is a commonly held belief that one should avoid conflict or public embarrassment which would shame not only the individuals involved, but by extension, their families.
Asian, Black, and Hispanic Cultures
BEHAVIOR: Defiance may also be demonstrated because whose parents often teach them to fight to avoid being victimized in their tough neighborhoods. Growing up in these areas is more likely to produce traits that impede success in school.
Asian Culture
DISCIPLINE: Children are taught to lower their eyes when being disciplined as a sign of respect. The direct eye contact by these students during disciplinary situations typically indicates defiance rather than respect.
DISCIPLINE: Those whose heritage was influenced by Confusionism view the body as being more sacred as one approaches the area of the head where the soul is believed to reside. Teachers should avoid certain actions that are used to motivate and reinforce Hispanic, Arab and Black students.
Hispanic, Black, Native American
Hispanic, Black, Native American
DISCIPLINE: Children tend to be more interested in and dependent on the approval of others. Teachers should use praise, hugs, and pats on the back and other personal contact.
DISCIPLINE: While displaying their culture's helpfulness, brotherhood or generosity, students may assist their peers or allow them to copy their answers, not considering this to be "cheating"
Hispanic, Arab, Native American
Low - income Families
BEHAVIORS: The imposition of authority in a demanding or demeaning manner typically results in passive resistance and withdrawal on the part of these pupils. Frank criticism may be perceived as a personal insult.
BEHAVIORS: Low income urban pupils may have developed an escape and avoidance reaction style to discipline, or come to view physical punishment as a sign of caring.
Asian Culture
Asian Culture
BEHAVIORS: The student in the testing situation may have been trying to prevent the dishonor or humiliation of admitting that he or she was incapable of understanding the directions, or perhaps the pupil was trying to avoid humiliating the teacher for not having done a good job of explaining the task.
BEHAVIORS: When a student's report on whether he or she has achieved pre-selected goals is followed by peer commentary as to whether they agree. This could be quite uncomfortable for Asian students as they might publicly "lose face" if goals have not been attained.
Vietnamese Families
Hispanic Families
Hispanic Families
Reddened and crusty eye-margins.
Marks on the child’s kneesand the child might be difficult to walk.
Folk Medicine
Physical Discipline
Physical Discipline
Placing petroleum jelly on one’s eye areas when one has difficulty sleeping. This practice is believed to promote slumber.
Kneel on uncooked rice or corn when the child misbehaves.
They tie a misbehaving child’s ear to a doorknob as punishment.
Eastern European East Asian families
Eastern European East Asian families
American middleclass families
A ring-shaped burn on the body.
Massive red streaks down the neck and going down to the back.
The misbehaving child is isolated, withdrawing love and affection for a period of time.
Emotional Punishment
Has a pierced ear.
Folk Medicine
Folk Medicine
This resulted from a folk medicine healing practice known as “cupping” which involves lowering a ceramic cup, turned upside down with a candle underneath, down to the skin of the afflicted area of the body. A suctioning effect results which is believed to draw out aggravating substances.
This resulted from a folk medicine healing practice known as “coining” where hot coins and warm oil are rubbed on the backs to relive a variety of illnesses such as muscle pains, back pain, coughs, colds, fevers, chills and symptoms related to changes in the weather.
Low - income Black Families
Low - income Black Families
Low - income Black Families
“Whup” (Paddle) child if the child misbehaves.
Lye or detergent is added to the child’s bath water.
“Persnickety”, a pungent brew made from tobacco and added to the child’s milk.
Physical Discipline
Folk Medicine
Folk Medicine
The use of controlling and punitive child treatment is more likely to occur and may even be viewed as a sign of caring and affection by the child.
This is a folk remedy to treat the skin rashes.
This is a folk remedy to treat stomach pains.
An emotional separation from their progeny that might create feelings of rejection in the child.
Asian, Black, and Hispanic Cultures
White Culture
White Culture
Lowered eyes are associated with deceit or inattention.
Parents uses positive reinforcement procedures while limiting punishment.
Discipline
Discipline
Discipline
Children are taught to lower their eyes when being disciplined as a sign of respect.
A child is expected to look at the authority figure when being disciplined.
These majority culture parents perceive their methods as being more humane than those that incorporate physical punishment.
Hispanic, Arab, Native American
Hispanic, Black, Native American
Native American Culture
The imposition of authority in a demanding manner typically results in passive resistance. Frank criticism may be perceived as a personal insult.
Students may assist their peers or allow them to copy their answers, not considering this to be "cheating"
Parents are neglectful and letting their children "run wild". Many clans and tribes assign a great deal of the child raising responsibility to relatives, especially the grandparents.
Discipline
Behavior
Behavior
An appeal to their good nature and the use of appropriate reinforcement is more productive than coercive or confrontational strategies.
Their cooperative learning style displays their culture's helpfulness, brotherhood or generosity.
Among Many tribes, it is the guardian’s policy not to interfere except in times of danger.
Low - income Black Families
The direct eye contact during disciplinary situations typically indicates defiance rather than respect.
Asian Culture
Asian Culture
The student in the testing situation may have been trying to prevent the dishonor or humiliation of admitting that he or she was incapable of understanding the directions, or perhaps the pupil was trying to avoid humiliating the teacher for not having done a good job of explaining the task.
This is quite uncomfortable when the student is being evaluated by the peer students whether he or she has achieved pre-selected goals.
Behavior
Behavior
Behavior
They tend to avoid conflict or public embarrassment which would shame not only the individuals involved, but by extension, their families.
They are feared of losing pride publicly if goals have not been achieved. A private rather than public critique of behavior is the intervention of choice.
Growing up in these areas is more likely to produce traits that impede success in school (eg. a more physical style of action, a greater approval of the use of violence, less disguised aggression, lack of subtlety in verbiage, and ridiculing of others)
Defiance may also be demonstrated because whose parents often teach them to fight to avoid being victimized in their tough neighborhoods.
Hispanic Familie s
Hispanic Familie s
White Culture
White Culture
White families
Reddened and crusty eye-margins.
Marks on the child’ s knees and the child might be difficult to walk .
Lowered eyes are associated with deceit or inattention.
Parents uses positive reinforcement procedures while limiting punishment.
The misbehaving child is isolated, withdrawing love and affection for a period of time.
Folk Medicine
Physical Disciplin e
Discipline
Discipline
Placing petroleum jelly on one’s eye areas when one has difficulty sleeping. This practice is believed to promote slumbe r.
Kneel on uncooked rice or corn when the child misbehaves.
A child is expected to look at the authority figure when being disciplined.
These majority culture parents perceive their methods as being more humane than those that incorporate physical punishment .
Emotional Punishment An emotional separation from their progeny that might create feelings of rejection in the child.
Black Familie s
Black Families
Black Familie s
Black Familie s
Black Familie s
Defiance may also be demonstrated because whose parents often teach them to fight to avoid being victimized in their tough neighborhoods.
“Whup” (Paddle) child if the child misbehaves.
Lye or detergent is added to the child’ s bath wate r.
“Persnickety”, a pungent brew made from tobacco and added to the child ’s milk.
Oriented behavior management techniques that avoid the expected swift physical punishment .
Behavior
Physical Disciplin e
Folk Medicine
Folk Medicine
Discipline
Growing up in these areas is more likely to produce traits that impede success in school (eg. a more physical style of action, a greater approval of the use of violence, less disguised aggression, lack of subtlety in verbiage, and ridiculing of others)
The use of controlling and punitive child treatment is more likely to occur and may even be viewed as a sign of caring and affection by the child .
This is a folk remedy to treat the skin rashes.
This is a folk remedy to treat stomach pains .
Howeve r, this may actually cause anxiety for the child.
East Asian families
East Asian families
Asian Culture
Asian Culture
Asian Familie s
A ring-shaped burn on the body.
Massive red streaks down the neck and going down to the back.
The student in the testing situation may have been trying to prevent the dishonor or humiliation of admitting that he or she was incapable of understanding the directions, or perhaps the pupil was trying to avoid humiliating the teacher for not having done a good job of explaining the task.
This is quite uncomfortable when the student is being evaluated by the peer students whether he or she has achieved pre-selected goals.
Standing in a corner and facing the wall.
Folk Medicine
Folk Medicine
Behavior
Behavior
Physical Disciplin e
This resulted from a folk medicine healing practice known as “cupping” which involves lowering a ceramic cup, turned upside down with a candle underneath, down to the skin of the afflicted area of the bod y. A suctioning effect results which is believed to draw out aggravating substances.
This resulted from a folk medicine healing practice known as “coining” where hot coins and warm oil are rubbed on the backs to relive a variety of illnesses such as muscle pains, back pain, coughs, colds, fevers, chills and symptoms related to changes in the weathe r.
They tend to avoid conflict or public embarrassment which would shame not only the individuals involved, but by extension, their families.
They are feared of losing pride publicly if goals have not been achieved. A private rather than public critique of behavior is the intervention of choice.
It gives the submissive time to think about the infraction or misbehaviors. The length of time can vary from few minutes to hours.
Hispanic, Arab, Native America n
Hispanic, Black, Native America n
Asian, Black, an d Hispanic Cultures
Native American Culture
Vietnamese Families
The imposition of authority in a demanding manner typically results in passive resistance. Frank criticism may be perceived as a personal insult.
Students may assist their peers or allow them to copy their answers, not considering this to be "cheating"
The direct eye contact during disciplinary situations typically indicates defiance rather than respect.
Parents are neglectful and letting their children "run wild". Many clans and tribes assign a great deal of the child raising responsibility to relatives, especially the grandpar ents.
Has a pierced ea r.
Discipline
Behavior
Discipline
Behavior
Physical Disciplin e
An appeal to their good nature and the use of appropriate reinforcement is more productive than coercive or confrontational strategies.
Their cooperative learning style displays their culture's helpfulness, brotherhood or generosity .
Children are taught to lower their eyes when being disciplined as a sign of respect .
Among Many tribes, it is the guardian’ s policy not to interfere except in times of danger.
They tie a misbehaving child’s ear to a doorknob as punishment .
Asian, Black, an d Hispanic Cultures The direct eye contact during disciplinary situations typically indicates defiance rather than respect.
Discipline Children are taught to lower their eyes when being disciplined as a sign of respect .
EXAMPLE MATCH