BETWEEN LAND AND SEA A strategic design proposal in a coastal setting
A strategic design proposal in a coastal setting
BETWEEN LAND AND SEA
Master’s thesis in Landscape Architecture August 2022
Victor Helbo Wagner
University of Copenhagen
Sofie Nørbak
Knud Rasmussen’s House, Spodsberg Lighthouse, a solitary pine tree, and a hilly landscape are at display
Buckets full of fishing nets in Lynæs Marina
A dinghy on the beach, a dike protecting the inland, an old thatched house overlooking the water, and a steep slope adorns the landscape
An old fishing boat waiting to be fixed in Lynæs Boatyard
The industrial harbour of Hundested meeting the local fishermen boats. A clash between two identities
The locals of Sølager are fishing for eel
Supervisor: Ole Fryd, Landscape Architect and Associate Professor in Urban and Environmental Planning
Between Land and Sea - a strategic design proposal in a coastal setting Sofie Nørbak, zsq894 Victor Helbo Wagner, ndv238
All photographs and illustrations belong to the authors unless otherwise stated. All maps point North unless otherwise stated.
45 ECTS points Master’s Thesis in Landscape Architecture August 15th, 2022
University of Copenhagen - Facility of Science Department of Geosciences and Resource Management
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to give a special thanks to our supervisor Ole Fryd for his dedication, motivation, and support as well as great supervisions and discussions throughout the long process. In addition, we would like to thank Lærke Sophie Keil and Bettina Lamm for a rewarding midterm critique and Svava Riesto for sharing her expert advice on cultural Aheritage.grateful
August 15th, 2022
thanks to Malthe Mørck Clausen from WERK Arkitekter for an inspirational dialogue, guidance, and continuous support and for always answering the phone - even during the late hours.
Thank You.
Victor Helbo Wagner
August 15th, 2022
Thank you to all the committed people we have encountered during the process. The locals who gladly tal-ked about their homes, Bent for giving us a private tour of Kikhavn, and Mads Farsø from Halsnæs Munici-pality for a great Lastly,conversation.wewould like to thank our family and friends for their unlimited support and understanding throughout the process. For keeping up our spirits and keeping us grounded to the real world.
Sofie Nørbak
First, the thesis presents a theoretical introduction to the concept of cultural heritage and how it relates to the field of landscape architecture. Furthermore, it investigates the context of Halsnæs and works on identifying the potentials, qualities, and challenges of the four coastal towns: Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, and Sølager through different studies and analysis.
Lastly, the thesis will discuss its aim in relation to two ongoing harbour transformation projects: Haderslev and Hundested, while also discussing the challenges of working in a dynamic and vulnerable environment.
ABSTRACT
In relation, the thesis proposes a strategic plan for the peak of Halsnæs’ peninsula that enhances and strengthens the historical, cultural, and natural values of the four coastal towns and the surrounding landscape. The strategic plan works by creating a new walking trail that improves the accessibility to the landscape and its nature, while also conveying the rich culture and history of the place.
This is a Master’s Thesis from the Landscape Architecture program at the University of Copenhagen. The intention of the thesis is to demonstrate an alternative future for how the coastal setting of Halsnæs’ peninsula can be developed with a focus on cultural heritage as the driving development force.
specialet en teoretisk introduktion til kulturarvsbegrebet og hvordan det forholder sig til landskabsarkitekturen. Dernæst undersøger specialet konteksten til Halsnæs og arbejder i forlængelse med at identificere potentialer, kvaliteter og udfordringer i de fire kystbyer: Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs og Sølager gennem forskellige undersøgelser og analyser.
Dette er et kandidatspeciale Landskabsarkitekturuddannelsenfra på
I relation til ovenstående foreslår afhandlingen en strategisk helhedsplan for området omkring halvøens tip, der forstærker de historiske, kulturelle og naturmæssige værdier i de fire kystbyer og det kystnære landskab. Helhedsplanen arbejder med at skabe en ny vandrerute, der forbedrer tilgængeligheden til landskabet og dets natur, samtidig med at den formidler stedets rige kultur og historie.
Københavns Universitet. Formålet med specialet er at demonstrere en alternativ fremtid for, hvordan kystnære omgivelser på Halsnæs’ halvø kan udvikles med kulturarv som Førstdrivkraft.præsenterer
Til sidst diskuterer specialet sit formål i relation til to havneomdannelsesprojekter:igangværendeHaderslev og Hundested samt udfordringerne ved at arbejde i et dynamisk og sårbart miljø.
RESUMÉ
The heritage trail
TABLE
05 STRATEGIC DESGIN PROPOSAL Design vision Design strategy
OF CONTENT SummaryASensingAnMappingsSølagerLynæsHundested04TheCenturiesTheAATheA03CulturalThe02WorkProblemMotivation01ResuméAbstractAcknowledgmentsANINTRODUCTIONStatementmethods&DesignprocessATHEORETICALINTRODUCTIONdefinitionofculturalheritageheritageinpracticeUNDERSTANDINGTHECONTEXThistoricalcontacttothewaterglacialperiodsformingthelandscapepartoftheenrichedNorthZealanddiverseandcharacteristicmunicipalityPeninsulatodayofdevelopmentdevelopmentofanauthenticmunicipalityUNDERSTANDINGTHESITEKikhavnopenworkstudyofthelandscapethelandscapelandscapeofconflictsoftheanalysis
Principles for the former coastline
Summary of the design proposal
The Zoom-in‘lookouts’1:Knud Rasmussen’s House Zoom-in 2: St. Karlsminde Stejleplads Zoom-in 3: Sølager ferry crossing
Spatial rhythms along the heritage trail
959088827472686460545250484442403634282524191817
06 AN AppendixAppendixAppendixReferencesReflectionsDiscussionOUTROABC16115915615014914614313412611811411010810610410098
The former coastline
INTRODUCTIONAN01
Lately, everywhere we turn, we come across articles, papers, debates, and even tv programs about the Danish harbours. They are the talk of the town. A new trend that everybody wants to join! And for different reasons. In the professional field, such as landscape architecture, some seek to strengthen tourism, some seek to strengthen liveability, and some seek to strengthen the economics and businesses of the harbour areas. Others find themselves with a focus to develop for current and future climate challenges. For the more ‘normal person’, it might be, as Adam Schnack said, the magical feeling and the unknown adventures that lures them to the water’s edge. For us, it is the combination.
Our motivation for this master’s thesis arose out of a curiosity for coastal development projects, including the harbour areas in Denmark. We had this urge to work with a coastal area, where we could explore and experience the effect of the alluring water. But we wanted to do it a little differently. Have another approach to working with coastal areas and the Throughoutharbours.ourstudies in landscape architecture at the University of Copenhagen, we have mostly worked with project areas in or near Copenhagen. For our final project, we wanted to expand our field of study. A criterion for choosing a project site was therefore that it had to be in a rural area. An outskirt to a larger city. It had to be easily accessible by car or public transport and it had to be relatively
untouched from a planning perspective. Ironically enough we ended up choosing a project site that is the closest coastal town area to Copenhagen that is still untouched.
With our thesis, ‘Between Land and Sea’, we aim to inspire to a different approach to coastal developments. An approach that looks back in time when future developments are planned for, instead of only thinking about new, modern, generic trends. An approach that seeks to highlight the historical, cultural, and natural values of a given place. Where it is the past that dictates the present and future.
24 Between Land and Sea
MOTIVATION
“There is something magical about harbours. They are the entry to land and city, and the departure for expeditions.” - Adam Schnack, 2022
1. What is the definition of cultural heritage and how is the concept portrayed in connection to landscape architecture?
Back in the 1960’s Danish architect, Anne Marie Rubin laid the foundation for the current protection zones of our coasts. Her goal was to secure the coasts from becoming building plots for popular holiday homes. The, at that time, far-sighted ideas now hold the name ‘the Coastal Act’ (Dansk Arkitektur Center, 2022).
Here, 60 years later, society faces some of the same problems. The trend, this time, has moved towards many of Denmark’s industrial harbours that are currently being transformed into modern residential areas. The transformations, we see, are often local and only focus on the specific harbour area and how a transformation can create a better link between harbour and city. Examples of this are the development of Haderslev Harbour and the newly started development of Hundested Harbour. Haderslev Harbour has since 2004 worked on developing the harbour into a new and modern city district with housing, commercial leasing, institutions, and recreational offers (Haderslev Kommune, n.d.). In Hundested the new ‘town- and destination development project’ will strengthen the commercial life, create more accommodation options as well as recreational offers, create better traffic conditions, and more parking areas for residents and visitors (Halsnæs Kommune, n.d.).
- Anne Marie Rubin, 1965
25An introduction
Throughout the thesis, we have worked with different research questions to help us investigate the problem. The research questions are.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Our intention is to demonstrate an alternative future for how a coastal setting can be developed. We will therefore circle back to the two projects when we later in the thesis discuss our project in relation to their transformations.
3. How can we, through a strategic design proposal connect the historical, cultural, and natural values of the coastal landscape between Kikhavn and Sølager?
The master’s thesis works with identifying the historical, cultural, and natural values of the coastal landscape in Halsnæs. Moreover, it works on linking the values into a wider landscape context, where the goal is to create a coherent landscape with a strong, place-specific
2. Why are historical, cultural and natural values important for the identity of the four coastal towns: Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, and Sølager?
Throughstory.
a strategic design, we will propose a new trail that connects the four coastal towns: Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, and Sølager. The strategic design proposal works on staging the landscape and its nature, while also conveying the rich culture and history of the project site.
“Close contact with nature should not only be reserved for those who get there first.”
Our aim of the thesis is therefore to investigate how a design proposal can strengthen the connection of the coastal landscape between Kikhavn and Sølager in Halsnæs, with a focus on historical, cultural, and natural values.
26 Between Land and Sea
Orthophoto of Halsnæs, 1:60.000
Hundested
The project is limited to the four coastal towns: Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, and Sølager, and the surrounding coastal landscape
27An introduction
Kikhavn
The Project Site
Lynæs Sølager
WORK METHODS & DESIGN PROCESS
We have the power of our profession to prove Gorgias wrong. We have the power to express and communicate the landscape to non-professionals and we can show what the landscape can bring to our everyday lives. But before we can convey this to the public eye, we must first learn to understand the landscape ourselves. The geological forms, the built structures, future plans, the context, etc. Through different tools and methods, we can investigate and become more knowledgeable about a given site.
As a way of gaining a deeper understanding of the project site, we have also investigated the area through different mappings. The mappings have helped us understand the landscape’s different layers, typologies, and challenges. They have been used as an analytic background of the project site, along with creating a picture of the site’s current and future situations. For this process, we have also looked towards historical maps to obtain knowledge about former landscape situations.
Furthermore, we used a phenomenological approach during our field trips, when we were exploring and sensing the landscape. Looking at the world through the eyes of phenomenology, no knowledge can be independent of the subject - the subject being us. We, as humans, cannot exceed our bodily, sensual, and practical experiences with the world (Jørgensen 2022). This includes us.
“Firstly ... nothing exists; secondly ... even if anything exists, it is incomprehensible by man; thirdly .., even if anything is comprehensible, it is guaranteed to be inexpressible and incommunicable to one’s neighbour” - Gorgias 500 BC (quoted by O’Gorman & MacIntosh, n.d)
28 Between Land and Sea
We have used continuous literary search to investigate and find relevant material on different topics throughout the thesis. The literature used for the thesis is a mix of articles, books, reports, government documents, official websites for organisations such as UNESCO, professional magazines such as ‘Byplan Nyt’ and ‘Landskab’, and videos. The literature has been selected with a critical view to ensure the literature’s sincerity and credibility.
For our thesis, we have done just that. Explored different work methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding of our project site in order to be able to express and communicate the site to our ‘neighbours’.
Another working method we have used throughout the project is drawing and sketching. This tool has been used to better understand the landscape, generate design ideas, test out concepts, and more. It has also been used as a way of implementing our analysis and explorations into our final designs.
29An introduction
A field trip to the project site
A trip to DAC to see the exhibition ’Kvinder Skaber Rum’
An idea-generating sketching session
Testing our designs
meaning we had prepared questions beforehand but were open to deviating if other interesting topics came up during the conversation. We also made a survey for locals to answer. The survey was put on Facebook and functioned as anonymous replies.
The field trips have also been used as a way of registering the landscape through photographs. The photographs have allowed us to revisit our explorations and experiences and given us a tool to narrate our findings.
30 Between Land and Sea
Field trips, interviews, and surveys as an empirical basis
For the field trips, we have worked with the method of exploring the project site through a transect. As Diedrich, Lee, and Braae states in “The Transect as a Method for Mapping and Narrating Water Landscapes: Humboldt’s Open Works and Transareal Travelling” (2014), urban designers and landscape architects often address sites from a static and material perspective. They tend to see project areas as empty plots and the outcome is generic designs that ignore or overlook the local qualities of the site. Diedrich, Lee, and Braae, therefore, propose another way of exploring the site using the so-called transareal method.
To gather our monthly field trips, interviews and surveys we have created a separate booklet. The Booklet highlights our experiences with the project site through a photographic collection. Furthermore, it elaborates our exact routes and dates of our trips and the key points from our interviews and surveyss. Lastly, the Booklet reflects on the method of doing monthly visits to our project site and the empirical data we have generated from it.
During some of our field trips, we interviewed people we met on our journey. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured way,
During our thesis, we worked on establishing our own empirical data. This has been done through field trips, interviews, and surveys.
This method for site exploration contributes to an open work design approach, where the site transformation should represent the narrative, ephemeral and dynamic qualities of the place. It seeks to shift solutions into a more nuanced transformation of sites, where the aim is “to better capture the intangible aspects of existing sites to support relational transformation” (Diedrich, Lee, & Braae, 2014).
of the Booklet
A collection of photographic stories from our time spent in Halsnæs
Frontpage
31An introduction
BOOKLET
Sofie Nørbak og Victor Helbo Wagner
A INTRODUCTIONTHEORETICAL02
“Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations.” - UNESCO (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2022)
In a further Google search of ‘what is cultural heritage,’ we also came upon a definition of the concept as three types of distinctions: the built environment, the natural environment, and artefacts (Culture in Development, n.d.).
34 Between Land and Sea
Together,(UNESCOwellscientificwiththreatenedtheThe(Culturetraditions,intangible(UNESCOthedefinedbuildingsincludesUNESCO’sculturalWorldUNESCO-Kommission,Österreichische2019)heritageconsistsoftwoconcepts:andnaturalheritage.Asperdefinition,culturalheritageartefacts,monuments,groupsofandsites,andmuseums.Itisoftenastangibleheritage,whichincludesmovable,immobile,andunderwaterInstituteforStatistics,2022),andculturalheritage,whichincludesoralhistory,values,andvoicesinDevelopment,n.d.).conceptofnaturalheritageisdefinedasprotectionandpreservationofhabitatswithspeciesofanimalsandplants,alongnaturalsitesthathavegreatvaluefromaandconservationalpointofviewasasagreatvalueintermsofnaturalbeautyInstituteforStatistics,2022).asUNESCOstates
In order to understand the concept of cultural heritage, one must first look at the concept of World Heritage. The concept of world heritage occurred in 1972 when members of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) signed the World Heritage Convention. The signing of the convention “committed to preserving natural and cultural monuments and sites of outstanding, universal value” (ÖUK
An example of a built environment could be the ‘Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan’, which is an ancient Mesoamerican city in Mexico
Accordingcovers.tothe
Danish Agency for Culture and Palaces (Slots- og Kulturstyrelsen), cultural heritage is expressed by the traces of human activity in cities and landscapes and is often divided into three categories: the mobile heritage, the immobile, and the intangible heritage (Slots- og Kulturstyrelsen, 2019).
THE DEFINITION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
“Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.” (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2022a)
A challenging concept
Though UNESCO has clear definitions of cultural and natural heritage, we find the concept of cultural heritage to be challenging to comprehend. When trying to learn more about cultural heritage, we came upon different descriptions and definitions of what the concept
Mobile heritage could be elements such as ‘The Golden Horns’ (Guldhornene), which carries great historical and cultural value to Danish society. Then there is the immobile heritage, where examples could be the building, Roskilde Cathedral, or a cultural environment such as ‘Sagnlandet Lejre’. Lastly, is the intangible heritage. An example of this could be the Danish tradition of dancing around the Christmas tree on Christmas eve.
The three definitions from the Danish Agency for Culture and Palaces are very close to the definition provided by UNESCO but differ in the categorisation.
Lastly,Palaces.we
with great cultural value. So valuable it is on UNESCO’s World Heritage list (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2022b). Next, is the natural environment, which could be the shoreline of ‘Vesterhavet’ in the Danish part of the North Sea. Finally, are the artefacts such as the Bible.
In these distinctions, the natural environment is placed as a category for itself and not as a part of the immobile heritage, as it is in the definition by Danish Agency for Culture and
Seeing these different descriptions indicates how complex the concept of cultural heritage is. So how does such a complex concept work in practice?
35A theoretical introduction
came across the Danish writer and professor at Aarhus University and Roskilde University, Bernard Eric Jensen, who has spent many years studying the connection between cultural heritage and democracy (Gads Forlag, n.d.). He introduces cultural heritage as an intricate concept that lies in the tension field between the tangible vs the intangible, and cultural heritage in a descriptive vs. normative matter. The cultural heritage from a descriptive perception sees both the negative and positive impacts of the heritage element, whereas viewing the concept from a normative perception only sees the positive impacts (Jensen, 2016).
In this perception, we should look at cultural heritage primarily as a categorisation of intangible heritage. It is the meanings, we humans inflict upon certain artefacts, landscapes, traditions, buildings, etc. that create the values of heritage, and without our attachments, there would be no heritage to preserve and protect (Jensen, 2016).
36 Between Land and Sea
it in the countryside are related to; built structures, and the location and orientation of individual buildings in the landscape (Erhvervsstyrelsen, 2018).
To gain a deeper understanding of cultural heritage from a planning perspective, we have investigated what the Danish Business Authority describes as ‘values worthy of preservation’. Here, the cultural-historical conservation values are characterised as something that must be physically present and visible in order to be regulated in the planning of cities and the countryside. The conservational values in the cities are related to; the cities’ overall structure, building patterns, building types, facades, and planting, while
In Denmark, we are constantly working to secure the future of our cultural values in order to maintain their special characteristics and significance. This is for example done through the Planning Act (Planloven). The Planning Act projects the task of preservation to the municipalities. Municipal and local plans must contain guidelines to support the maintenance of cultural-historical conservation values and thereby ensuring a common cultural heritage in the future (Bolig- og Planstyrelsen, 2022).
Particularly interesting for us is the guide’s section on coastal culture. Here it is the self-grown and unpretentious, the cheap materials, and the close connection to the maritime environment that are described as the conservation values. Emphasis is placed on the municipalities, through the local plans, to regulate materials, colours, building volumes, the overall structure, planting, the interaction between the undeveloped and the built-up area, as well as the interaction with the sea (Erhvervsstyrelsen, 2018).
In order to obtain an overall guideline for working with cultural heritage, the Danish Business Authority (Erhvervsstyrelsen) published the guide “Local planning for environments worthy of preservation in cities and in the countryside” in 2018. It aims to create a basis for dialogue on cultural heritage Theconservation.guideworks to concretise cultural heritage by answering the questions about why conservation pays off, how to work with cultural heritage through rules and laws, who are the parties in the process, and what the values worthy of preservation contain (Erhvervsstyrelsen, 2018).
If you look at these guidelines from the Danish Business Authority, it can be said that according to the Planning Act, the concept of cultural heritage is viewed very uniformly. It is especially the preservation of built-up structures and buildings that are in focus, and the tendency is to look away from the cultural heritage that can be difficult to regulate. This can become a problem. Because what happens to the values that fall outside the regulations? The values that can either not be seen or touched or repaired by painting, changing a brick, or replanting. How do we create a regulation for these values, so they are also guaranteed a place in future developments?
CULTURAL HERITAGE IN PRACTICE
Maybe it requires a whole new mindset or perspective on cultural heritage? Maybe it requires that we do not set up the concept in opposites. That we do not allow ourselves to be limited by the definition of cultural heritage
A concept of combinations
37A theoretical introduction
Professor Ellen Braae has examined this line of thinking in her book “The Green Cultural Heritage”. Braae introduces a new concept in the cultural heritage talk - Green Cultural Heritage. As a tool, the concept can replace the descriptions of world heritage as opposites with a perception of world heritage as a concept of combinations (Braae, 2019).
The green cultural heritage includes gardens, parks, green cities, and cultural heritage landscapes. As a cultural heritage tool, it must build a bridge between traditionally separated areas such as city and country, culture and nature. The concept should be seen as a tool to bring these diverse sites together and make us disregard the current classifications that define our unique sites as either natural or cultural heritage (Braae, 2019).
Two other women who also question the way cultural heritage is viewed in planning are Svava Riesto, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture and Planning, University of Copenhagen, and Rikke Stenbro, Ph.D., advisor, and owner of Substrata. In their report “Climate crisis, urban development, and conservation - new roles for cultural heritage in coastal cities”, they study coastal cities as a historical cultural landscape and investigate how we can learn to work with the processes of the landscape and not against (Riesto & Stenbro, 2019).
Viewing2019).
Riesto and Stenbro introduce a new paradigm for how to work with cultural heritage in urban planning - the so-called climate paradigm. The climate paradigm emphasises that conservation and planning, culture and nature must be seen as one when developing sustainable and adaptive coastal cities (Riesto & Stenbro,
coastal towns as historical and cultural landscapes is something we can explore in our project. If we see our project area as a unified cultural landscape, where it is not individual buildings or structures that must be preserved, we can perhaps embrace all the different values at once. Here, Braae’s concept, the green cultural heritage as well as Riesto and Stenbro’s climate paradigm can inspire us to think of cultural heritage as a combination concept that brings unique values together.
as tangible vs. intangible or culture vs. nature. That we see it as a concept of combinations that can embrace several of our diverse places at once. A concept that brings together our irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.
UNDERSTANDINGTHECONTEXT03
52 km! That is the longest anyone in Denmark has to a water edge. Because with a coastline of approximately 8.750 km, the water is never far away (Danmarks Naturfredningsforening, Coastal2019).
It is the potentials and qualities of this stretch, we will explore in our assignment. Location of the 10 largest cities in Denmark
A HISTORICAL CONTACT TO THE WATER
In Halsnæs Municipality the same sensual attractions apply. Kattegat, Isefjord, Roskilde Fjord, and Arresø surround the municipality and enclose the land area (see fig. 07). Water, therefore, plays a major role in the municipality’s identity.
Fig. 01,
The tendency to settle by the water has continued ever since then. As seen in fig. 01, are Denmark’s 10 largest cities all located near fjords, streams, or the sea. Now the attraction of living by the water has shifted from a functional aspect to a more sensual approach. People relocate to the water edge to experience the beauty, the atmosphere, and the narrative that follows (Wiberg, 2022).
At the peak of Halsnæs Municipality’s peninsula lies four older fishing villages: Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, and Sølager. Each with completely different identities today. However, common to them all is they share traces of the heyday of fishing, a characteristic landscape that contains traces of historical and cultural values. A distinct stretch in a North Zealand context.
40 Between Land and Sea
areas have always functioned as an attraction. Historically it was along the coasts, fjords, and streams people settled, as the landscape around these elements provided a good basis for life. Here settlers could take advantage of nature’s gifts and build their livelihoods - typically in the form of fishing, agriculture, trade, and transport (Kjølhede & Nielsen, 2018).
Kikhavn
Sølager
Halsnæs Municipality
41Understanding the context Denmark
Halsnæs Municipality
LynæsHundested
Fig. 02, Context map
The peak of the peninsula
The Weichsel glaciation caused large amounts of ice, which contained various materials such as sand, clay, and stone to deposit and shape the landscape we see today. Figure 03 shows that Zealand and large parts of Jutland mainly consist of moraine landscapes from the Weichsel glaciation, while North Jutland consists of marine foreland from the Late Glacial period. West Jutland consists of moraine landscape from the older glacial period, the Saale glaciation, where meltwater plains also formed. In addition, meltwater valleys and tunnel valleys formed and have today left their mark throughout the country.
A layered landscape
THE GLACIAL PERIODS FORMING THE LANDSCAPE
42 Between Land and Sea
Thetoday.glaciations have left their mark on the design of the landscape, which is characterised by hilly landscapes, steep slopes, as well as coastal landscapes with sand and dunes. In several places along the coast, the different glaciation periods can be read in the many layers found on the exposed steep slopes (Krüger, 2018). And as a man we interviewed said ‘it feels like looking directly into history’.
The landscape in Halsnæs
Around 117.000 years ago the most recent glacial period, the Weichsel glaciation, began. With its glacier activity and arctic conditions, it created most of the landscape we see in Denmark today (Humlum, 2020).
in Halsnæs. As a result of the land that was uplifted, Kattegat split and Arresø formed (Krüger, 2018). The largest lake in Denmark
The landscape in North Zealand has mainly been formed by the movement and melting of several glaciers. Today the landscape consists of several layers, and due to decompositions and transformations over the last thousands of years, different landscape structures have occurred. Moraine clay and deposits of gravel, sand, and rocks from meltwater lakes and rivers are dominant in today’s landscape in North Zealand. In addition to the hills and slopes, there are also flat coasts and fjord areas, which today are predominantly forests or abandoned lakes, and bogs (Houmark-Nielsen, 2019).
When the ice melted and disappeared approx. 8.000 years ago, the country began to rise. It created the marine foreland that today lies as the edges of the hilly glacial landscape
meltwater plains
Fig. 03,
marine foreland from the Late Glacial period
43
moraine landscape from the Saale glaciation
moraine landscapes from the Weichsel glaciation
Understanding the context The geomorphological landscapes in Denmark
National Park contains two UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Kronborg in Helsingør and the Parforce Hunting Landscape, which consists of Gribskov, Store Dyrehave, and Jærgersborg Dyrehave og Hegn. It also inhabits two of Denmark’s largest lakes; Esrum lake and Arresø (Naturstyrelsen, n.d.).
of the area, there is plenty of room to enjoy the free spaces away from the noise and bustle of the big Kongernescity.Nordsjælland
Halsnæs Municipality is part of ‘the rest of the Greater Copenhagen area’ in the Finger Plan’s categorisation and is a 1-hour drive and an 11/2-hour train ride from Copenhagen Central Station. As seen in fig. 04, the municipality is closely linked to the Frederikssund finger and the Hillerød finger. The closeness to the ‘fingers’ secures well-functioning infrastructure connections to the capital area. This makes the area extremely attractive to newcomers.
Nature has left its mark on the region and with Denmark’s second largest national park, Kongernes Nordsjælland (see fig. 05), as part
Halsnæs Municipality is part of the region North Zealand. North Zealand is known for its many well-developed coastal towns, holiday home areas, and rich nature.
Enchanting nature
A PART OF THE ENRICHED NORTH ZEALAND
Arresø is part of Halsnæs Municipality and is just one of the many scenic areas to experience in the municipality. Steep slopes, long coastlines, and forests are among some of the enchanting nature to otherwise encounter on the Thepeninsula.popularity
of Halsnæs Municipality’s and North Zealand’s green areas is no surprise. The use of nature as a free space has been valued for centuries. It can be traced back to the 19th century when the increasing urbanisation shifted the use and view of nature. People began to romanticise nature and gave it an aesthetic, sensual, and spiritual dimension. Nature enchanted with its pristine, alluring, and beautiful landscapes and became modern to explore (En række folkekirkelige skoletjenester). In 2022, we see the same trend happening with people streaming towards the green spaces, whenever they get the chance.
The dominance of holiday homes
Another attraction value is the holiday home areas that lie within Halsnæs Municipality. The holiday home areas are located next to the coast. This structure is in line with the North Zealand context. On figure 06, the built structure of North Zealand’s coast is shown. Here it is seen that approximately 40 % are
44 Between Land and Sea
This mindset has been going on for decades and will probably continue for decades to come. The basic idea of settlement close to well-developed infrastructure arose back in 1947 with the introduction of the Finger Plan, which to this day still forms the framework for the overall physical planning in the Greater Copenhagen area. The purpose of the Finger Plan is to ensure that cities, trade, businesses, public institutions, etc. are concentrated around good infrastructure. As well as securing that green wedges, smaller urban communities, agricultural areas, etc. are reserved for the space between and outside the finger city (Bolig- og Planstyrelsen, 2020)
Good infrastructure to and from Copenhagen is the key word when talking about attractive settlement areas outside the inner city. People want to be able to get to and from work easilywhether it is by train or car.
Falster Fyn
Fig. 04, The Finger Plan in connection to Halsnæs Municipality, approx. 1:350.000 main connection the core urban region the peripheral urban region
Helsingborg Malmö
Frederikssund Frederiksværk
45Understanding the context
Hundested Hillerød
Nationallakeforrest
Fig. 05, Nature in North Zealand, 1:300.000
Park Kongernes Nordsjælland
Danstup Hegn
Nordskoven
Færgelunden
Asserbo Plantage Liseleje Plantage
holiday home areas and are located north-west – towards Halsnæs Municipality. Holiday homes are a characteristic of North Zealand. Residents in the densely populated cities are looking to escape the more crowded and grey structures and therefore seek green, open spaces and the qualities that follow. This characteristic also applies in Halsnæs Municipality, where a great percentage of the
Esrum Sø
46 Between Land and Sea
Arresø
Gribskov
Gurre Sø Tisvilde Hegn
Grønnesse Skov
Teglstup Hegn
residential areas are holiday home areas. The demand for holiday homes has increased drastically over the past few years, with the COVID-19 pandemic as a part of the reason (Danmarks Statistik, 2020). With this rising demand, there could be an opportunity for Halsnæs Municipality to establish more holiday home areas, in order to attract new residents and boost the economy.
KlosterrisHornbækHegn PlantageKrogenberg Hegn
Store Dyrehave Freerslev Hegn Valby HegnGræsted Hegn
Tokkekøb Hegn
FrederiksværkKregmeJægersprisFrederikssundGerlevStrand
Over Dråby Strand Dalby Huse
Vellerup
With our focus in mind, it then raises the question of how to preserve the significant culture and history when other interests are Especiallyforming.
47Understanding the context
given as it is the open land, the wide views, the fresh air, and the water that attracts people to the peninsula.
Tisvilde Rågeleje
Smidstrup Gilleleje
Ålsgårde Helsingør Kulhuse
Fig. 06, Built structure of North Zealand’s coast, 1:300.000
DronningmølleHornbæk
NivåHumlebækEspergærdeMikkelborgRungstedVedbæk
towns holiday home areas
HundestedLynæsKikhavnNødebohuseLiseleje
Sølager
48 Between Land and Sea
The old fishing villages are something Halsnæs Municipality is known for. An example of this is the municipality’s oldest fishing village, Kikhavn, which is said to have originated around the 13th century. Kikhavn is known for its thatched houses and narrow winding roads and remains largely unchanged here in 2022. In addition to smaller fishing villages, Halsnæs Municipality also consists of two large towns: Hundested and Frederiksværk, which together house about 2/3 of the municipality’s residents (Andersen, Olesen, & Christiansen, 2018).
Another characteristic of the municipality is the diverse landscapes and habitats of the coasts. It is especially the conditions of the wind and waves that have created the great differences in the coastline. The varying conditions are reflected in the coastline landscape. The shore towards Kattegat is very exposed to the wind and waves and shrinks 0.5-1 m pr. year. At the other end of the peninsula, towards Isefjord and Roskilde Fjord, the shores are more sheltered from the rough conditions. This causes depositions to occur, which creates salt marshes (Andersen, Olesen, & Christiansen, 2018). Since the 16th century, sand escape has been a major challenge for the municipality. This is due to the harsh wind conditions, which have led to the formation of the dune landscapes seen along the sandy Kattegat coast. Today, the dune landscape constitutes the municipality’s largest forest areas, the Asserbo Plantation and the Liseleje Plantation (Krüger, 2018).
Halsnæs Municipality is in the west part of North Zealand. The municipality is known for its stories that surround hundreds of years old fishing villages, small towns, old holiday homes, local businesses, the fishing industry in Hundested, and the steel industry in Frederiksværk. The landscape consists of steep coastal slopes, green hills, large forest areas, flat former sea areas, and plenty of water (Halsnæs Kommune, 2021).
A DIVERSE AND CHARACTERISTIC MUNICIPALITY
To protect the disappearing coastline towards Kattegat, Halsnæs Municipality has teamed up with the two neighbouring municipalities, Gribskov and Helsingør. They have entered an agreement to ‘secure the future of the north coast’ under the strategy “The future of the north coast”. The project will lead to comprehensive, robust security of the coast of North Zealand to safeguard from future natural disasters (Region Hovedstad, n.d.).
The municipality has a coastline of 61 km. This gives the residents no longer than 4 km before they reach the water. The coastline is made up of Kattegat, Isefjord, Roskilde Fjord, and Arresø (see fig. 07). The proximity to the sea, the fjords, and the lake has historically left its mark on the development of the municipality. Most of the villages and towns are located along the coast, while near inland is distinctly agricultural land. The location of the towns on the coasts testifies to a rich ancient history, where one can trace old settlements and fishing villages all the way back to the late Middle Ages when the heyday of fishing began. The agricultural land testifies to a place, where the land has been and still is fertile (Andersen, Olesen, & Christiansen, 2018).
Liseleje
Hundested KikhavnNødebohuse
Lisleje PlantageAsserbo Plantage
Amager Huse
Lille structures
Vinderød
Arresø
Hald
KregmeKregmeØlstedStoreNordstrandHavelseStrand Fig. 07, The basic
EvertofteHanehoved
49Understanding the context agricultureforrestroadcityArresøtrain
Roskilde Fjord
Ullerup Skov
Ølsted
SølagerLynæs
Isefjord
Kattegat Frederiksværk
Melby
Grønnesse Skov
HyllingebjergTorup
Asserbo
of Halsnæs Municipality, 1:100.000
Common features through culture
The project area is at the peak of the peninsula Halsnæs, which is in the west part of the municipality. Here lies four old fishing villages: Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, and Sølager, which are respectively encircled by Kattegat, Isefjord, and Roskilde Fjord.
THE PENINSULA TODAY
50 Between Land and Sea
Ferry crossing, Rørvig-Hundested
The fishing villages vary in size and house different characteristics that make each place unique. In Kikhavn it is thatched houses and narrow streets that are the characteristics, while it in Hundested are the cultural harbour, larger industry, the ferry crossing to Rørvig, and commercial life. In Lynæs, the surfer life and the marina make the place special and in Sølager it is one of the municipality’s largest campsites and the small ferry crossing to Kulhuse.
Although the four fishing villages have very different identities, they share common features that link them together. The strongest feature is the water and the accessibility to it. They all originated as fishing villages and today the rich fishing culture has left its mark on the towns. Along the coastline, between the four coastal towns, lies historical remains in the form of dinghies, fishing recruits, and fishing nets that testify to the heyday of fishing. The historical relics also reflect the story of how the fishing took place. Back in the day, most of the fishing took place directly from the coast and after the fishing was done, the boats were pulled up on the shore (Visithundested, n.d.). Today, fishing as a profession is no longer a dominant feature of the coastal towns and one must therefore turn to the stories to understand the impact fishing has had on the towns.
Kattegat
Kikhavn
Ullerup Skov Ullerup Amager Huse Store Karlsminde Torpmagle Overdrev
Grønnesse Skov Torplille
Ferry crossing, Sølager-Kulhuse
Lille Karlsminde
Hundested Lynæs Sølager
51Understanding the context
Roskilde Fjord
Nødebohuse
Fig. 08, The basic structures of the peninsula and its surroundings 1:30.000
Isefjord
52 Between Land and Sea
CENTURIES OF DEVELOPMENT
Halsnæs consists mainly of smaller villages, where most are fisherman houses that characterize the landscape. Manor houses and smaller villages are not so dominant yet.
A fire breaks out in Kikhavn, and half of the houses burn down. Individual residents decide to move to the other side of the peninsula and from here Lynæs emerges.
Kikhavn is established as a small fishing village
HundestedLynæs
1768
At the beginning of the 20th century, the industrialization was at its peak. The industrialization brought an increased settlement of workers and helped raise the economy of the area. This led to the big growth of the large harbour towns, Hundested and Frederiksværk, where people settled for the good conditions of the working people. Today, Hundested and Frederiksværk still function as
large industrial harbours with exports of fishing and steel and house large parts of the municipality’s population (Andersen, Olesen, & Christiansen, 2018).
The fortifications Hundested Skanse and Sølager Skanse are built at the entrances to Kattegat and the fjords, as protection against the enemy during the English wars. The fortifications are protected in 2022 and remain as historical monuments.
The peak of the peninsula mainly consisted of smaller villages and manors around the 18th century, including Kikhavn. Since then, the small villages, like most other medieval villages, have grown as time has changed. Economic, political, military, and societal conditions have been the main drivers for the changes and development of the peninsula.
Frederiksværk emerges based on an outlet from Arresø to Roskilde Fjord and is opened with a canal. With the canal, the water can be used as an energy source and becomes the town’s first industrial plant.
The text for the timeline can be referenced from different readings on the website, TrapDanmark.
Around 1200
By the 1960’s many of today’s holiday home areas alongside smaller coastal towns began to arise. This development of the peninsula led to a more compact built structure, where the towns and villages by the coasts melted together. A structure we see continuing in today’s landscape. 1864
Early 1700 1795 1860-1886 1717 1809
Hundested builds a stone pier where the fishermen’s boats can be sheltered and in 1886, after several alterations and extensions, Hundested Harbour arises.
Kikhavn Kikhavn
Sølager
Fig. 09, Timeline of the development of the built structures in the four coastal towns and the close surroundings.
‘Between Land and Sea’ (thesis project)
Hundested
Hundested
Sølager
During the municipal reform in 1970, Frederiksværk and Hundested were two separate municipalities, but in 2007 they merge under the name Halsnæs Municipality.
Hundested Harbour gets the first ferry connection to Rørvig and in 1934 the connection to Grenaa becomes a reality.
Lynæs
After World War II, there is still increasing migration and interest in the peninsula and especially holiday home settlements are beginning to characterize the coastal areas. The relocations leave their mark on Hundested and Frederiksværk and the two towns grow larger and together with the area’s smaller towns.
Kikhavn
53Understanding the context 1953 2022
New competition on ‘A raw and Hundested’authentic 2022 1897-1917 1950-1970 1917-1934 2007 1960 August 2022 2021
Kikhavn
Lynæs
Today, due to the development of the towns over time, the four coastal towns have merged through the building structure.
The industrialization is at its peak and in line with the increasing settlement, the infrastructure gets a significant boost in the form of a train connection between Hillerød and Frederiksværk. In 1917, the connection between Frederiksværk and Hundested is completed.
The ferry crossing from Sølager to Kulhuse begins its journey.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTHENTIC MUNICIPALITY
urbanisation of Copenhagen and its surroundings is pressing up towards Halsnæs and a big task, therefore, awaits Halsnæs in maintaining the identity of the municipality. This urbanisation has initiated many developments of coastal towns and especially harbour areas along the coast of North Zealand. The trends we see in the developments are expensive, large high-rise buildings being built on the quayside, new residential and holiday home areas being built on empty nature plots in the open country, and small local businesses struggling on behalf of large commercial initiatives coming to the towns.
We want to challenge this trend in harbour developments and therefore hope that our project can inspire people to think in other directions when closeness, authenticity, and nature must be preserved. It is also a trend we want to challenge by looking back in time and drawing inspiration from past lifestyles and traditions.
The vision is clear! Halsnæs Municipality is and will continue to be the unpolished corner of North Zealand, where both current and future generations will be able to experience the raw and authentic way of life.
Since the current Planning Strategy was presented in 2018, the municipality has worked intensively on developing its areas with closeness, authenticity, and nature as key points. The key points must ensure that the development goes hand in hand with respect for their history so that the municipality remains a good place to live (Halsnæs Kommune, 2018).
As the closest outskirt to Copenhagen and a part of the North Zealand region, it can be expected to be difficult to maintain the authentic way of life. The increasing
It is perhaps easier said than done, for what does it really mean to be authentic? Especially in a money-driven world. According to Robert Doniger (Gilmore & Pine II, 2007) being authentic means that something exists for its own sake and has its own shape. It means that something is not structured only to make a profit or that something authentic is not controlled by corporations. It is simply Butuntouched.howdoes that fit with the development of cities, which are often about creating better economic conditions for the municipality, the business community, and the residents by building new homes?
“Experience the raw and authentic Halsnæs - it’s not too nice and it feels real”- Vision 2030 (Halsnæs Kommune, 2016)
The trend might be on its way to Halsnæs. A new development plan for Hundested Harbour is in motion and the aim is to create a connected harbour-town with better accommodations, commercial life, recreational offers, and traffic conditions.
54 Between Land and Sea
A local fisherman’s boat in Hundested Industrial Harbour
55Understanding the context
UNDERSTANDINGTHESITE04
58 Between Land and Sea
59Understanding the site
Orthophoto of Kikhavn
Today, the small fishing village remains roughly unchanged. Narrow roads, pumice-paved courtyards, open fences, low fences, stone dikes, and small gardens with fruit trees and shrubs are some of the special characteristics that cause the area to be well visited during the summer. To protect the historic village visitors must park their car outside the village boundaries, which houses both year-round and holiday homes.
Less than 100 meters from the entrance to Kikhavn is the beach. Here is a distinctive coastal landscape where dinghies and
60 Between Land and Sea
KIKHAVN
In 1795 a fire broke out and nearly half of the 25 houses burned down. The rest were saved from the flames and today stand as they did before 1795. Many of the homesteaders that lost their homes chose not to rebuild the large farms and left their empty plots to be utilized for smaller farmhouses and outbuildings for the rest of the town (Arne, 2018).
As the peninsula possesses a very special landscape, various habitat types have been designated along the entire stretch between Kikhavn and Sølager to be protected and preserved in future developments, as well as a Natura 2000 area that also covers a bird Inhabitat.Kikhavn, the Natura 2000 and bird habitat area that goes all the way to Lynæs Marina starts/ends. In addition, a little further inland there is a protected meadow and lake, which in the old days served as a fire pond.
Kikhavn is one of the oldest fishing villages on the coast of North Zealand and its origin dates to the 13th century. At that time, the village consisted of approximately 25 houses, primarily inhabited by homesteaders. Fishing in Kattegat was the preferred occupation with agriculture as the secondary source of income. It was the great herring adventure that made people settle here. The landscape in Kikhavn was ideal for the fishermen. They could fish right off the coast with small boast and afterward pull the boast ashore for an overnight lay. The homesteaders did so well that for many years Kikhavn was the main supplier of herring to the European market (Interview with a local in Kikhavn, 2022).
breakwaters, placed along the coastline, greet residents and visitors. Due to the more frequent storms that are seen in Denmark the residents have, in recent years, joined forces to protect the coastal town in the fight against the rising seawater. They have created a local Dike and Coastal Protection association and with the help of this established the current stone dike.
Kik-forbi,Kattegatvejen,shop the main street for summer houses
61Understanding the site
Fig. 10, The basis structures of Kikhavn 1:5.000
Parking spots for visitors Entrance to Kikhavn
Vestre Stræde, a street with the original farmhouses Meeting with the water Spodsbergsstien
special view historical road buildings worthy of preservationdikeNatura 2000 and birdmeadowhabitat
62 Between Land and Sea
63Understanding the site
Orthophoto of Hundested
Up until 1920, the fishing village had developed drastically. The industrialisation made its mark and new expansions of the harbour, the Frederiksværk train line, and the ferry connection to Rørvig was established. Later in 1934, the ferry connection GrenaaHundested opened. This ferry connection had to close in 1996 due to financial challenges, but the ferry connection to Rørvig is still activeespecially during the summer.
Like Kikhavn, Hundested emerged as a fishing village, but not until the middle of the 19th century. With its location, at the end of the headland, the fishing village had optimal conditions for fishing. In the spring, herring, mackerel, and porpoise whales were the main targets, while in the autumn the bottom nets were replaced, and the fishing continued from large drift boats. As an extra source of income, fishing was supplemented with bird hunting. The good conditions contributed to the construction of a stone pier in 1862, where the fishermen’s boats could be sheltered from the strong westerly wind. Later, the stone pier was extended, and by the end of the 19th century, a harbour with a lighthouse, customs control point, and a pilot station had been established (Mikkelsen & Lindhardt, 2018).
HUNDESTED
Today, Hundested’s identity is built around the harbour environment. Three distinctions characterise the environment: the industrial harbour, the cultural harbour, and the marina. The industrial harbour houses various industries, but it is only the O.V Jørgensen group that still trades fish on an industrial basis (Rolsted, u.d.).
Hundested also includes protected nature, which is spread out over the town and counts elements such as grasslands, lakes, salt marshes, and heaths as well as a Natura 2000 and bird habitat area.
This is in stark contrast to when Hundested functioned as a busy fishing port with elements such as a smokehouse, a pilot station, and a cannery. Today the structure of the harbour still stands with large warehouses and halls dominating the townscape. The cultural harbour appears as a modern klondike with small galleries, cafés, restaurants, as well as smaller shopping streets which are well visited by guests and tourists from near and far. A large part of the small businesses are self-propelled and have their productions running locally in Hundested. The marina functions as the third distinction of the harbour environment. It can house hundreds of sailings boats and is well used during summertime. Northeast of the harbour is the beach area Trekanten, which is adorned with flat dunes, semi-high vegetation, and bathing guests.
Up through the 20th century, Hundested continued its great development and the population multiplied. The year-round homes were built inland, and holiday homes were built in great style along the coast between Spodsbjerg in the north and Lynæs in the south. Today, the expansions have made Hundested the second largest town in Halsnæs (Mikkelsen & Lindhardt, 2018).
the polar explorer Knud Rasmussen, who with his work left a big imprint on the town. Placed in the rolling landscape north of Hundested by Spodsbjerg Lighthouse is his house. Today, it functions as a museum and is one of the Hundested’s major attractions.
In addition to the history of fishing and industry, Hundested is especially known for
64 Between Land and Sea
Centrum Hundested Station Amtsvejen, main road to HundestedKnudRasmussen’sSpodsbjerghouseLighthouse
Natura
65Understanding the site
special view historical road buildings worthy of preservation 2000 & bird hapitat basic structures of
Hundested Marina Ferry crossing
Fig. 11, The
Hundestedsaltgrassland1:10.000marshheathforrest
Trekanten, Beach
Industrial harbour Mellemrummet, green space
66 Between Land and Sea
Orthophoto of Lynæs
67Understanding the site
Though the city is characterized by great activity during the day, the atmosphere is
It is also from the 1860s - specifically 1862, that the famous Lynæsjolle comes to town. Boatbuilder Peter Madsen settles and starts working with the craftmanship of clinker-built boats and thus the name Lynæsjollen arises. Clinker-built boats are a very special and old way of building boats that are passed on from generation to generation. Today, Lars Meinild at Meinilds Boatbuilding in Hundested, still sticks to the tradition of building the customs. A building custom that in 2021 was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List (Dønbo, Commercial2021).
Lynæs arose in 1795 after the fire in Kikhavn when many of Kikhavn’s inhabitants moved here. They brought their fishing business and from here the second oldest fishing village in Halsnæs was founded. From 1795 until the 1860s, fishing took place directly from the shore until the harbour was established (Lynæs Havn, n.d.).
fishing has since then disappeared from Lynæs and instead a marina and surfers dominate the town. Close to the harbour is Lynæs Surfcenter, which is the generator for the increased activity in the town. During the summer, the surfcenter fills the town with people who come to take advantage of the sea and the forces of the wind.
relaxed, calm, and quiet. It can be said to be reflected in the actual location of Lynæs, which is ‘sheltered by the headland’ and thus shielded from the roaring wind.
Lynæs is characterized as the town in motion. Most of the activity is visitors who are going out and experiencing the surroundings. They come to sail, swim, surf, or go for a walk, and then the trip continues toward home or other places (Appendix B).
68 Between Land and Sea
LYNÆS
Shelters have also been established at the marina and surf shacks placed by the beach, as measures to invite users to stay a little longer. Both shelters and surf shacks are located so users have a direct view and access to the water and nature in the area. Parts of that nature are protected and contain types such as salt marshes, grasslands, heaths, and lakes as well as the Natura 2000 and bird habitat area that originate/ends in Kikhavn.
historical
Lynæs Surfcenter Beach Shelters
69Understanding the site
Fig. 12, The
Lynæs Marina
Lynæs Church view road worthy of preservation 2000 & bird hapitat basic structures of
special
buildings
Lynæs Camping
Lynæs,saltgrasslandforest1:10.000marshheath
Natura
Lynæs fortress
Lynæs Lighthouse boatsParking,and cars
70 Between Land and Sea
71Understanding the site
Orthophoto of Sølager
is the last small village within our project area. As previously mentioned, Sølager is another old fishing village in Halsnæs Municipality, which to this day contributes to the history of a rich fishing culture on the peninsula. The traces are clear as the culture has become ingrained in current generations. Among other things, are the dinghies fastened in the shallow water and on land, and eel nets close to the water’s edge. This testifies to a place where the love of fishing is preserved.
SØLAGER
Sølagernature.
Right where Isefjord and Roskilde Fjord meet, M/F Columbus sail travellers across Kulhuse in Hornsherred to Sølager in Halsnæs, and vice versa (Visithundested, n.d.). When the small ferry with room for 70 passengers arrives in Sølager, the curious travellers meet the sight of small harbour sheds, a large campsite, and
the entire stretch offers protected nature and Sølager is no exception. Here is grasslands, a meadow, a salt marsh, and a lake. These protected habitats are something we must keep in mind, as it is important that we protect our nature and pass on the importance to the population and future generations.
72 Between Land and Sea
The hilltops in the landscape are not just ice age formations. They consist of Køkkenmøddinger (kitchen waste), which is said to date back to the Stone Age and is around 5000-8000 years old. Køkkenmøddinger are Stone Age settlements that are built with layers of seashells and functioned not only as layers of waste but are also said to be places where fishermen and hunters lived their daily lives (Andersen S. H.). The shape of the landscape thus carries historical relics worthy of preservation. As mentioned in the section on Kikhavn,
Sølager is divided in two with a campsite and ferry crossing at the water’s edge and housing on the hilltops that adorn the landscape. The old fishing villages consist of approximately 100 holiday homes and are thus a small village in the context of Hundested and Lynæs.
73Understanding the site
Ferry crossing Køkkenmødding
Sølager Camping
Sølager Værksted, shop
holidayGuldsmeddebakken,homeareaFig.13,Thebasic structures of Sølager, saltgrasslandforest1:5.000marshheathsmeadow
Valuable landscapes
The map on page 79 shows the scenario of a sea level rise of 2 m. It is seen that the landscape in Hundested and Lynæs is particularly exposed to the sea level rise. The same applies to parts of Sølager, which is lying very low in the landscape and just above sea level. The map also shows the risk of erosion, and where deposition occurs along the coastline. The harsh wind and wave conditions of the peninsula create challenges for the landscape, which in some places therefore erodes. The coast towards Roskilde Fjord lies more protected in the landscape and due to the weather conditions, depositions occur, creating low-lying salt marshes.
74 Between Land and Sea
Protected nature
MAPPINGS
Amtsvejen is the main, connecting road that goes from Hillerød to Hundested. The same applies to the railway. Smaller roads are what connect the four towns to each other and the surroundings while walking paths connect the soft road users to the landscape. The most significant walking paths are Spodsbjergstien which connects Hundested to Kikhavn, and Halsninoen which stretches 52 km. from Hundested towards Frederiksværk and further towards the south of the municipality.
It is a wish of Halsnæs Municipality to create ideal prerequisites for locals and tourists. They have therefore pointed out tourist hotspots as well as areas with great outdoor purposes that can function as attractions for both locals and tourists. They are shown in fig. 15.
The diverse landscape, around the four old fishing villages, consists of various protected nature types. The protected nature is lakes, bogs, salt marshes, heaths, grassland, and meadows. They are shown in fig. 16. These protected nature areas are valuable for the landscape and should be considered when future developments are planned for..
Tourist hotspots
The map on page 76 shows the connections to and from the four old fishing villages.
Halsnæs peninsula contains many valuable landscapes. The classification of valuable landscapes means that the landscape is a special characteristic of the area and is unaffected by interventions. In Halsnæs it can be a special terrain, nature areas, and cultural elements that have been formed over a long period of time. The valuable landscapes contain traces of stone mounds, burial mounds, dikes, fortifications, etc. They are shown in fig. 18.
We have gathered the descriptions of the analysis on the next two pages, while the analysis is mapped out further on.
Climate challenges
Connections
The goal is to secure access to the recreational areas so the experiences around nature and culture will be strengthened and therefore create good opportunities to showcase the rich cultural history and the landscape of the peninsula.
To qualify our project, we have investigated some of the structures that are important for our understanding of the site. In addition, we have mapped out some of the wishes from the Municipality Plan (2013 and 2021) that our project can help strengthen.
Cultural environments
The municipality has pointed out cultural environments (fig. 19), which contain valuable villages and fishing villages as well as culturalhistorical conservation values found in the landscape. The municipality wishes to preserve the valuable cultural environments to ensure residents and visitors can experience the different societal traces that are found in the coastal Examplestowns.ofthe values are the village, Kikhavn, where the houses and streets are preserved, the industrial harbour in Hundested, fortresses hidden in the coastal landscape, the coastal cliffs, and more.
75Understanding the site
Communicating these valuables to the public can help secure the valuables for future generations to experience.
Fig. 14, Connections, 1:30.000 main ferrytrainsmallerhikingroadstrailsroadsconnectionconnection
76 Between Land and Sea
nature
tourist
77Understanding the site
Fig. 15, Tourist hotspots 1:30.000 attractionhotspotsmarina accommodationattractioncamping
78 Between Land and Sea Fig. 16, Protected nature, 1:30.000 salt lakesmeadowgrasslandmarstand bogs
Fig. 17, Climate challenges, 1:30.000
high risk of erosion little risk of depositionerosion
79Understanding the site
sea level rise (2 m)
moderate risk of erosion
historical monument
80 Between Land and Sea
Fig. 18, Valuable landscapes, 1:30.000
valuable landscapes worthy of preservation
historical monument area
Fig. 19, Cultural environments, 1:30.000
cultural-historical conservation value cultural environment valuable culturalspecialenvironmentvillage
81Understanding the site
Our findings
The pictures are a collection of the four fishing villages and the stretch between them. On the trips, we encountered everything from fortifications, both on land and on water, fortresses, different landscape typologies, and much more. It gave an impression of a place where some things still stand unchanged but at
We investigated the place through our camera lens as well as our senses, as a way of capturing the qualities we encountered. A selection of our photographic and bodily findings is presented on the following pages.
82 Between Land and Sea
Along our transareal journey, we also had conversations with locals and professionals from the municipality, which helped us gather information and insight about the local conditions and histories. In order to fully elaborate on our experiences, registrations, and observations, we have created a separate Booklet, that takes the reader on a journey through the historical, enchanting landscape.
the same time also an impression of a place that is in constant motion.
Our journey
AN OPEN WORK STUDY OF THE LANDSCAPE
Our transareal journey has continued through field trips during the last couple of months. The fieldwork operations have allowed us to get a deeper and more holistic understanding of the Theplace.transect we explored went from Kikhavn to Sølager and back again. Our itinerary, which we worked out in-house, was to study the landscape along the coastline. We set out to follow the closest path between land and sea to explore the dynamics and changeable settings of the site, along with exploring the accessibility to the water. We only allowed ourselves to deviate from the route, whenever it was physically impossible to walk alongside the edge of the water. On the way back from Sølager to Kikhavn, we followed the existing route that took us through residential areas in Lynæs, the city centre of Hundested, and holiday home areas along the way to Kikhavn. The result of our transect can be seen in figure 20.
Lynæs
Hundested
Sølager
83Understanding the site
Kikhavn
Transect
Fig. 20, The transect route, 1:30.000
21, The transect, stage 1
84 Between Land and Sea 05, Path through a residential area 0102 03 04 05 06 04, Vetegation at Knud Rasmussen’s House 04, Grassland with solitary trees 05, Path through vegetation 01, Old fishermen’s house in Kikhavn 01, Open courtyard in Kikhavn 03, A view from Spodsbjergstien 06, Path at the holiday home area 06, Holiday home in Kikhavn 02, Stone dike along the coast
Fig.
85Understanding the site 08, City center of Hundested 12, Lynæs Camping site 13, Lynæs Camping09, Industrial harbour in Hundested07, Cultural harbour in Hundested 13, Lynæs Fortress13, Bunker on the beach 14, Shift from Hundested to Lynæs10, ‘Mellemrummet’ with the view of the industrial harbour 14, Grassland along the coast in Lynæs 11, Søndergade in Lynæs 07090810 12111314 Fig. 22, The transect, stage 2
86 Between Land and Sea 15 16 18 17 20 19 21 20, Coast with fishing nets 20, Sølager Camping 21, M/F Columbus on the way to Sølager 21, The ferry crossing from Sølager19, Public path to the coast 17, Private staircase 16, Grassland at the coast 15, Parking lot in Lynæs Harbour 18, View to the coast 20, Fishing net with a view to Kulhuse
23,
stage 3
Fig. The transect,
87Understanding the site
04, Exposed coastal cliff at Knud Rasmussen’s House
The accessibility shifted in Hundested Harbour, where the beach, Trekanten, and the marina granted multiple access points. The stretch between Hundested Harbour and Lynæs Harbour was a mixed experience. Some parts were cut off by coastal protection, while there in other parts was free access to the water. Lynæs Harbour provided the same experience as Hundested, but when we went further on towards Sølager the steep coastal cliffs made the accessibility a challenge. However, we could walk directly into the water from the coastal area at St. Karlsminde Stejleplads and right before we reached Sølager.
SENSING THE LANDSCAPE
The wind played a significant role in our experience of the project site. As the exposed coastal landscape towards Kattegat provides no shelter from the harsh weather conditions, the wind was a constant factor on our trip from Kikhavn down to Lynæs Fortress. Right past Lynæs Fortress the coastline made a little break and from here to Sølager the wind disappeared completely. Only when we went by the tip of Lynæs Lighthouse did we experience the wind
noise came from treetops swaying in the wind, birds chirping, and residents tending to their gardens or talking to their neighbours.
Towards Spodsbjerg Lighthouse and Knud Rasmussen’s House, there was a larger amount of people than we had experienced so far. The people we encountered were either passing by, exercising, or walking their dogs. Some were locals, while others were tourists. The noise here came from them talking or the harsh blowing wind.
When we got to Hundested Harbour the noise was at a higher level. It came from people on the shopping streets, boats in the marina, cars driving by, and the industry going strong. As we went on to Lynæs the sounds came from trees and bushes rustling in the wind. Only when we arrived at Lynæs Harbour did the level of noise rise again. It came from people talking, boasts rocking in the water, and the wind blowing onto land. From Lynæs to Sølager it was very quiet, as we were sheltered from the wind. Most of the sounds we experienced were birds chirping from different groups of trees, while the others came from a few fishermen along the coast.
From our transareal journey, we have mapped our sensory experiences based on three themes: the impact of wind, water, and noise.
Lastly, we mapped out the noise coming from traffic, people, animals, and nature. Kikhavn was a quieter experience, where most of the
theme we mapped out was the accessibility to the water. Most of the exposed coastline was protected by dikes and breakwaters. Especially the stretch between Kikhavn and Hundested, which made it hard to access the edge of the water.
88 Between Land and Sea
Theagain.second
Lynæs Fig.Sølager24,Sensorytrafficwaterdiagramwindroute
Hundested
89Understanding the site
Kikhavn
Based on our transareal journey, we not only got a good sense of all the potentials the places hold. We also encountered some challenges. As stated earlier, the peak of the peninsula is a rural coastal setting, where it is the open land, the wide views, the fresh air, and the water that are the attraction values. But it has not always been this way.
The analysis gave us a good insight into the landscape and gave us a greater understanding of the different qualities, vulnerabilities, and potentials the landscape contains. The result of our analysis is shown on the following pages.
This shift in the use of the rural coastal setting has led to ongoing debates on how this more modern use clashes with the landscape and its nature. A debate on the Danish coasts, held by the Danish Urban Planning Laboratory (Danske Byplanlaboratorium) in 2019, sparked an initiative to discuss the different perceptions of the coasts as landscapes, as nature, and as resources. A discussion that led to a talk about the various conflicts that will arise, when multiple parties feel ownership towards the
A LANDSCAPE OF CONFLICTS
coasts and many different interests must be considered in future developments (Danske Landskabsarkitekter, 2019). Questions that were debated were such as who owns the coasts? What roles do the landscape and nature play, when it comes to finding space for the many actors, interests, and opinions? What happens when you take the party of the landscape and nature, and what are some of the influences we as humans need to take responsibility for when we develop our coasts (Danske Landskabsarkitekter, 2019)?
Similar conflicts and questions apply to our project site. On our exploration trips through the four fishing villages, we saw a landscape full of potential conflicts. Many of the conflicts revolve around how climate change is a challenge for built structures and vulnerable landscapes, and how coastal protection clashes with the wild landscape and its nature. Furthermore, we encountered places where potential urbanisation will lead to a more densely built structure in the open land and challenges with privatisation of the landscape along with privatisation of historical values.
90 Between Land and Sea
We have in relation to the many conflicts of the coastal landscape analysed where they clash with the landscape. This is done by systematically sectioning through the landscape. We have chosen this method to create an unreserved and holistic picture of the landscape and the associated potential conflicts.
Just two generations ago most of the landscape in Denmark consisted of agricultural land, where local communities and agriculture intertwined both economically and culturally. Individual agriculture had several functions to provide for the farmers’ livelihood, but the landscape was not yet multifunctional. The outdoor life, as we know it now, was an unknown factor. Nature was merely seen as something that was ‘just there’. Something that was in the way of expanding agricultural fields (Primdahl, Kristensen, & Møller, 2014). Today, the relationship is more settled. Most people living in the countryside have no relation to agriculture. They have settled for the good living conditions or for the more favourable prices of houses. At the same time, the use of nature has evolved over the last couple of generations and now more people seek the landscape for recreational purposes (Primdahl, Kristensen, & Møller, 2014).
A B C D E F G H I J K
91Understanding the site Fig. 25, Overview of the landscape sections 1:30.000
92 Between Land and Sea Sea VillageDike Agricultural land Agricultural land Sea Coastal cliff Holiday homes Holiday homesGrassland Sea Coastal cliff Residential areaHoliday homes Sea Residential areaResidential area Sea Harbour Quay Residential areaSea Harbour Quay Industrial area Hilltop - ”Mellemrummet” Grassland Salt marsh1.EDCBA
and its nature
historical values Potential conflicts 1+2 1 3 4 1 4 3 12 1
for the
leading to a more
Privatisation
on the open land
the landscape 5. Privatisation
Climate change as a challenge for built structures
3. Potential urbanisation densely built structure
4. of of
and vulnerable landscapes
a
2. Coastal protection as challenge wild landscape
Sea
Moat Residential areaMeadow Meadow Forest
Sea
Sea Coastal cliffHarbour Quay Salt marsh Residential areaHarbour Quay Sea Residential areaSalt marsh Agricultural landGrassland Sea Forest Agricultural landResidential areaSalt marsh Sea Forest Residential areaResidential area KJIHGF 11+2 5 1 1 1 3 4 1
93 Fig. 26, Landscape sections, 1:5.000, exaggerated by 400% Understanding the site
Sea
ForestResidential area MeadowSalt marsh
94 Between Land and Sea
Our findings include historical values such as fortresses, buildings, Knud Rasmussen, the fishing industry, the contact with water, and the placements of the four coastal towns in the landscape. Furthermore, it includes cultural values such as authenticity, the local environments, a local hands-on approach, and different boatyards that also reflects the history of the fishing industry. Lastly, it includes the natural values that consist of elements such as steep coastal cliffs, protected nature types, a varied coastline, and diverse weather
We have worked on exploring the potentials, qualities, and challenges of our project site. We have studied and researched different layers in order to gain a deeper understanding of the area that we work in and what it consists of.
SUMMARY OF THE ANALYSIS
95
Through monthly field trips, mappings, and sketching, we have worked on identifying important historical, cultural, and natural values of Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, and Sølager and the surrounding landscape.
Theconditions.landscape, the nature, the culture, the history, the authenticity, and the rawness found in the four coastal towns and their surroundings holds the potential to be integrated into a coherent connection. We, therefore, propose that the identified values should collectively be constituted as a cultural heritage environment that must be protected in future planning.
Understanding the site
Our goal for the design proposal is therefore to present a strategic plan for a coherent coastal landscape between Kikhavn and Sølager that highlights these values.
DESIGNSTRATEGICPROPOSAL05
98 Between Land and Sea
DESIGN VISION
The four old fishing villages: Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, and Sølager contains great potentials for future developments. Developments that can build on the vision of Halsnæs Municipality, which as stated earlier, is to ’experience the raw and authentic Halsnæs’. They carry a rich history of early settlements that have characterised the landscape as well as a rich culture linked to fishing and industry. In addition, the project site holds unique nature and landscapes.
The vision of the project is therefore to enhance and strengthen the historical, cultural, and natural qualities of the four coastal towns and the surrounding landscape.
Through an overall strategy, the project aims to achieve the vision by strengthening the connection between the four coastal towns.
The strategy will be unfolded on the following pages.
99Strategic design proposal Fig. 27, Vision diagram
Landscape
CultureHistory
The landscape, nature, historical, and cultural qualities will be reflected by working with three elements that support the strategy. The elements are the former coastline from 18481849, ‘lookouts’, and landscape installations.
Thezoom-ins.aimof
The design strategy works by creating a new walking trail that improves the accessibility to the landscape and its nature, while also conveying the rich culture and history of the places. Moreover, the trail will physically connect the four coastal towns.
Another element of the strategy is the lookouts. The lookouts will function as wayfinding throughout the trail along with enhancing the places historical, cultural, and natural values.
100 Between Land and Sea
The element of working with the former coastline from 1848-1899 is to put a focus on the changeable landscape. We seek to show the fragility of the landscape and nature and bring an element of reflection when visitors use the trail. The former coastline will be represented in designated areas along the coastline from Kikhavn to Sølager.
the overall strategy is also to create a new recreational environment that attracts and invites locals and tourists to explore and experience the unique and ever-changing landscape. At the same time, the aim is to respect the history and traditions that are present today.
installations are highlighted through three
The last element builds on the municipality’s Plan Strategy from 2018, where the keywords are closeness, authenticity, and nature. The keywords are narrated by three place-specific installations. The idea of the installations is to build them as point foundations to make them easily replaceable or demolisable in order to minimise the impact on the landscape. The
DESIGN STRATEGY
The strategy will be portrayed through a strategic design proposal, where the goal is to inspire a different approach to coastal developments.
101Strategic design proposal Fig. 28, Strategy diagram
Hundested Industrial harbour Lynæs The former coastline Hundested Skanse
Ferry Rørvig-Hundestedconncetion
Lynæs church Knud Rasmussen’s House Spodsbjerg Lighthouse ”Mellemrummet”
102 Between Land and Sea Zoom-in 1
Lynæs fortress Hundested marina Kikhavn Kattegat The heritage trail
Zoom-in 2
Lynæs Harbour Isefjord
Lynæs camping
Hundested town Hundested beach ”Trekanten”
Kulhuse
Roskilde Fjord
Store Karlsminde
Sølager
Zoom-in 2
Sølager
Sølager-Kulhuseconncetion
Sølager camping Ferry
The heritage trail The former coastline
103Strategic design proposal Strategic Masterplan 1:20.000
The heritage trail follows the coastline from Kikhavn to Sølager and runs back through the residential areas and Hundested Centrum. At some places, the trail follows the former coastline from the mid-1800s, and loops into the sea, onto dikes, and land. Attaching the trail to the former coastline gives witness to the ever-changing coastal landscape.
It will be possible to enter the trail from different entrances. The main entrance is in Hundested, where people can arrive by private boats, the ferry from Rørvig, cars, or public transport. In the three other coastal towns, minor entrances are situated. In addition, it will be possible for visitors to connect to the trail through different ‘hop-on points’. The ‘hop-on points’ are existing parking spots or roads that connect to the trail. From here users
Along the heritage trail, visitors are met by different types of nature, landscapes, coastal towns, and coastal protections, which gives the user multiple spatial experiences. These different spatial experiences are highlighted on the following pages.
can join the heritage trail and walk towards different destinations. This also allows the user to split the walk into smaller routes and still experience the many distinct qualities.
The new heritage trail connects existing landscape attractions in a coherent experience through Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, and Sølager. The trail extends over approximately 20 kilometres and hooks onto existing hiking trails and roads as well as introducing new paths. Connecting the trail to well-known paths gives the locals an instant link and makes it recognisable to them. The heritage trail is developed based on our own experiences with the project site and is formed in a connection between our sensory findings, transareal journey, and investigations.
104 Between Land and Sea
THE HERITAGE TRAIL
Fig. 29, The heritage trail, 1:30.000 new path hop-on mainexistingpointspathentrances
105Strategic design proposal
Sea Beach Coastal cliff
SPATIAL RHYTHMS ALONG THE HERITAGE TRAIL
Theexposed.heritage
trail appears open on both sides. The steep coastal cliffs leave the visitors with the experience of being on the edge.
A: Open - Semi-closed
The heritage trail appears open to one side, where the sea allows for the visitor to experience wider views, and semi-closed on the other, where residential houses screen for long landscape views.
Sea Dike Vegetation House
Industrial building
The heritage trail seems semi-open towards the quayside and closed off when visitors turn towards the harbour’s buildings.
B: Open - Closed
106 Between Land and Sea
Industrial building Road House
E:
The heritage trail appears closed to both sides, with residential housing enclosing the visitors’ wide and long landscape views.
Sea Beach Coastal cliff
C: Open-Open
Marina Quayside
D: Semi-open - Closed Closed-Closed
The heritage trail seems open toward the sea and closed to the other side, where the steep coastal cliffs can leave the visitors feeling small and
A: Open - Semi-closed
Sea Dike Forrest rhythm
Sea Beach Vegetation Fig. 30, Spatial
Sea Beach Sand dunes
C: Open-Open
sections
D: Semi-open - Closed
Sea Vegetation Beach Vegetated coastal cliff
Herecliff.
the heritage trail also seems open on both sides, but the setting is different. Visitors will be able to view the coast from a distance by a boardwalk situated in the sea.
Dinghy Boardwalk Beach
107Strategic design proposal
The heritage trail seems semi-open to both sides, with smaller dunes and vegetation giving the expression of being in a landscape pocket.
The heritage trail seems open towards the sea with lower vegetation as a barrier and semiopen towards the other side, where higher vegetation interrupts the longer landscape views.
Again, the heritage trail appears open to one side and semi-closed towards the other. But this time it is a forest setting that provides the view to be more closed off.
The heritage trail appears semiopen toward the sea with higher vegetation functioning as a barrier. On the other side, the wider views are closed off by a vegetated coastal
F: Semi-open - Semi-open
G: Open - Semi-open
THE FORMER COASTLINE
108 Between Land and Sea
The former coastline will appear by four principles. The principles will help connect the project site and highlight the landscape qualities and challenges along the current coastline. Furthermore, they will help visitors to explore the landscape as they encounter different spatial areas. The principles count elements such as a wooden boardwalk, a steel boardwalk, a footpath, and wooden poles, and will be elaborated on in the following pages.
and deposits during the past roughly 150 years the coastline has progressed a great deal. On the stretch between Kikhavn and Hundested, the harsh wind and wave conditions cause the coast to erode, and it is therefore seen that the coastline has withdrawn from its former line. To the south, in Sølager, the story is the opposite. Here the weather is milder, which causes deposits, and the former coastline can therefore be seen lying on landon salt marshes.
The former coastline will not be presented as a continuous line, but as individual pieces along the heritage trail.
The strategic design proposal works by displaying the former coastline dated back to 1848-1899. The idea of highlighting the old coastline is to physically introduce visitors to the ever-changing and dynamic coastal Withlandscape.erosion
Fig. 31, Mapping the principles 1:30.000
current coastline formerprinciplescoastline
109Strategic design proposal
The idea of the materiality of steel is to ensure a longer lifespan of the boardwalk, due to the harsh weather conditions along the coast. It is also suggested to create a connection to Frederiksværk and its well-known steel industry.
PRINCIPLES FOR THE FORMER COASTLINE
The second principle is a steel boardwalk. The principle is situated, where the old coastline clashes with today’s coastal protections - the dikes. It will in some areas appear on top of the dikes and in others be right beside the dikes, on the seaside. This principle will appear on the north stretch between Kikhavn and Hundested and on the stretch between Hundested and Lynæs.
110 Between Land and Sea
The first principle is wooden poles. The principle is situated, where the former coastline appears in the sea. The placement of the principle will mostly be on the north stretch between Kikhavn and Hundested, but it will also appear further on. They will be placed where the conditions of the weather are harsher or where the function of the area needs to be as today. The wooden poles will be placed at intervals of 25-30 m, with a height of 2-3 m. This allows for paddleboarders, kayakers, dinghies, or similar small objects to pass through.
Fig. 32, Principle 1: Wooden poles
Fig. 33, Principle 2: Steel boardwalk
The idea of the materiality of wood is to reflect the harsh environment. Over time some poles will break down and some poles will disappear, while others will remain. It will be the same process that happens with the coastal landscape, which also disappears over time.
The steel boardwalk allows users to reconnect with the water edge and to experience the dike from another perspective.
Fig. 35, Principle 4: Footpath
The wooden boardwalk allows users to experience the landscape in a different way. They will be able to experience the feeling of ‘walking on water’ and view the coastline and inland from a new perspective.
The third principle is a wooden boardwalk. This principle is situated to the south, on the stretch between Lynæs and Sølager. It will be placed, where the former coastline appears in the sea. The idea of placing the wooden boardwalk in the south part of the project site is because of the milder weather. The wind and waves are not roaring in towards land and the fragile wooden boardwalk is therefore not in danger of collapsing or being destroyed by the weather.
The fourth and last principle is a footpath. The principle is situated where the former coastline appears on land. The old coastline appearing on land is a result of the sand drift and sediment deposition, caused by the weather conditions. The principle mostly occurs on land near Lynæs and Sølager.
111Strategic design proposal
Fig. 34, Principle 3: Wooden boardwalk
The footpath allows users to walk through the landscape while leaving a minimal footprint on the landscape. This ensures that future visitors will be able to experience the same conditions of nature.
112 Between Land and Sea
113Strategic design
1, The former coastline represented by the steel boardwalk
Visualisationproposal
THE ’LOOKOUTS’
Along the heritage trail, visitors will encounter lookouts. The lookouts are places where the visitor is encouraged to stop when hiking on the trail and look at the surroundings.
114 Between Land and Sea
The lookouts are stationed with a telescope-like object that points towards a characteristic or special view. The views represent elements such as different landscape traits, historical qualities, unique stories, etc., and will give the users an insight into the many special characteristics of the project site.
The lookouts also function as wayfinding. The idea is to paint them in the same bright colour, making them a recognisable guide. In addition, the telescopes are carved with a kilometre mark, which gives the users’ reference points, when hiking on the heritage trail.
Overall, the lookout will help enhance the places historical, cultural, and natural values.
The views are controlled by how many degrees the telescope can turn. It, therefore, indicates the main values for the users to see.
115Strategic design proposal Fig. 36, The Lookouts Trail1:30.000
spots of the lookouts
The placement of the lookouts is not systematically at 1 km, 2 km, 3 km, etc., but are situated at specific landscape spots that highlight a historical, cultural, or natural value. This means that the kilometre marks could be at 1 km or at something odd like 7.7 km.
The telescope is designed with an eye the user can look through. It is fastened to a turn table that varies in turn degrees. The turn table is situated on a three-legged stand that creates stability. Furthermore, it is designed with durability in mind and can withstand all kinds of weather.
The telescope will vary in the number of degrees it can rotate at the different lookouts. Some telescopes can turn 0 degrees, some up to 45 degrees, some 180 degrees and some can turn full 360 degrees. This controls the views the users will see. Therefore, the turning degrees indicate the specific main values for the users to experience. telescope Eye Turn table Legs
Fig. 38, Reference points Fig. 39, Turn degrees Telescope
116 Between Land and Sea
0 degrees 45 degrees 180 degrees 360 degrees Fig. 37, The
Visualisation 2, A lookout spot at Hundested Skanse
117Strategic design proposal
118 Between Land and Sea
The first installation is located in the area of Knud Rasmussen’s House and Spodsbjerg Lighthouse, on the coastal stretch between Kikhavn and Hundested.
This area represents some of the unique landscape and nature that can be found along the trail with coastal cliffs and protected nature types. Furthermore, the zoom-in area contains breakwaters, dikes, and existing paths.
ZOOM-IN 1: KNUD RASMUSSEN’S HOUSE
The installation proposed is a new suspension bridge that goes along the coastal cliff. The layout of the bridge gives the users an opportunity to experience the different geological layers of the cliff up close. The visible layers are a representation of the harsh weather conditions that the coastal stretch is exposed to.
In addition, the users will also be able to enjoy the spectacular view of Kattegat by one of the lookout points located on a platform on the suspension bridge.
Lastly, the visitors can experience a steel boardwalk and wooden poles installations in the sea that are placed, where the former coastline, from 150 years ago, went. Besides the former coastline principles, visitors can also encounter coastal protection elements in terms of breakwaters and dike formations. The coastal protection testifies to the constant challenges and exposures due to climate changes.
119Strategic design proposal
Fig. 40, Axonometric of the suspension bridge installation
120 Between Land and Sea
Knud Rasmussen’s House suspension bridge coastal cliff a
The heritage trail
A wooden poles
Spodsbjerg Lighthouse
The heritage trail
steel boardwalk
1, 1:2.000
Zoom-in
grasslandTheheritage trail
121Strategic design proposal
122 Between Land and Sea
Kattegat Poles Coast The Heritage Trail Suspension bridge Lookout point
Fig. 42, Section Aa, 1:500
Plateau on the suspension bridge in a steel construction
Meadow
The concrete castings are drilled deep into the coastal cliff to ensure a secure and stable construction
Fig. 41, Detailed principle section of the suspension bridge
123Strategic design proposal
The plateau is mounted on steel beams, which are mounted onto the concrete castings
Heritage trail Spodsbjerg Lighthouse Forrest
124 Between Land and Sea
3, The former coastline is represented by wooden poles
proposalVisualisation
125Strategic design
ZOOM-IN 2: ST. KARLSMINDE STEJLEPLADS
At St. Karlsminde Stejleplads lies the second installation. St. Karlsminde Stejleplads is situated in a small landscape pocket with steep cliffs to each side of the area. It has direct access to the coast, while a residential area surrounds the Theplace.installation is made up of poles on land placed in a pattern that mirrors the former function of the area. The place used to be an old fishermen’s spot, where they hung their nets to dry and be cleaned, while also leaving their boats on land. This installation will remind visitors of an old culture.
In this zoom-in area, visitors will be able to experience a wooden boardwalk in the water that reflects the former coastline. The boardwalk also allows the users to view the coastal cliffs from a distance and experience the cliffs in an area that is less affected by the rough wind and wave conditions. The boardwalk connects to the coast of St. Karlsminde Stejleplads and the former coastline is continued by the wooden poles.
St. Karlsminde Stejleplads is also one of the ‘hop-on points’, where people can park their cars and join the trail.
126 Between Land and Sea
127Strategic design proposal
Fig. 43, Axonometric of the poles on land installation
The heritage trail parking B b
wooden poles
128 Between Land and Sea
pole installation
wooden boardwalk
Isefjord
The heritage trail wooden poles
129Strategic design proposal Zoom-in 2, 1:2.000
The heritage trail
Boardwalk in wood construction is mounted on steel beams
Wooden boardwalk The Heritage TrailWooden pole Meadow
130 Between Land and Sea
The steel beams are mounted onto a point foundation, which is drilled into the seabed
Poles on land installation
Roskilde Fjord
Fig. 44, Detailed principle section of the wooden boardwalk
The wooden poles on land are mounted onto the point foundations, which are drilled into the ground
131Strategic design proposal Fig. 46, Section Bb, 1:500
St. Karlsmindevej House
Meadow Group of trees
Fig. 45, Detailed principle section of the poles on land installation
132 Between Land and Sea
133Strategic design proposal
Visualisation 4, The former coastline is represented by the wooden boardwalk and the wooden poles
134 Between Land and Sea
The installation proposed is a plateau with two landscape windows placed on top. The landscape windows frame the view towards Frederiksværk and the view towards Kulhuse. The views presented through the windows will nudge visitors to be reminded of the historical significance the entry to Roskilde Fjord holds. Moreover, in the landscape window pointing to Frederiksværk users will be able to see dinghies and eel yarns placed in the water. This view mirrors the historical function of the place as well as mirroring the authenticity of the Halsnæs peninsula.
ZOOM-IN 3: SØLAGER FERRY CROSSING
The last installation is situated at Sølager ferry crossing. Here visitors will be able to encounter the narrowest part of the surrounding waters with the entry to Roskilde Fjord. At Sølager ferry crossing the weather conditions are gentle and cause the land to deposit, creating wider salt marshes.
On this zoom-in, the heritage trail follows the former coastline, which is represented as a footpath through the salt marsh. The trail then continues inland towards Sølager Camping and further on. Sølager ferry crossing is also one of the minor entrances to the trail, where users can park their cars and start their journey.
The window towards Kulhuse also captures the current ferry, M/F Columbus, sailing to and from the area, reminding visitors of all the great adventures that lie ahead.
135Strategic design proposal
Fig. 47, Axonometric of the landscape windows installation
The heritage trail
136 Between Land and Sea
ferry dock
heritage trail landscape windows waiting area parking
Sølager camping salt marsh
ferry to Kulhuse Isefjord c C
dinghies
Roskilde Fjord
137Strategic design proposal Zoom-in 3, 1:2.000
M/F Columbus Dinghies Landscape window installation
Kulhusevej Meadow
138 Between Land and Sea
window is a steel construction
139Strategic design proposal Fig. 49, Section Cc, 1:500 The Heritage Trail Sølager
CampingFig.48,
The steel beams are mounted onto the point foundations, which are drilled into the ground
The landscape window is mounted onto a wooden plateau, which is mounted onto steelThebeamslandscape
Detailed principle section of landscape window installation
140 Between Land and Sea
141Strategic design
5, The former coastline represented by the footpath
proposalVisualisation
142 Between Land and Sea
Furthermore, it aims to create a strong physical connection between Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, and Sølager that will strengthen already existing connections while also proposing a new coherent pathway along the coastline. The strategic design will stage the landscape, the cultural values, the histories, tales, and stories about the historic old fishing villages and the surrounding landscape and will convey it to the public. It ensures that residents, visitors, newcomers, and future generations will be reminded of the rich heritage values the area possesses, which will help preserve the authenticity and the rawness of the site.
SUMMARY OF THE DESIGN PROPOSAL
143Strategic design proposal
In addition, will the design provide new recreational uses, while also providing new knowledge of the coastal landscape for the present, and the future by portraying the past.
The strategic design proposal works on connecting existing values of the coastal landscape between Kikhavn and Sølager. It proposes a new heritage trail that improves the accessibility to the landscape and its nature, while also conveying the rich historical and cultural values of the places.
AN OUTRO06
Incentre.our
DISCUSSION
buildings, which helps increase the attraction Thevalue.aim of the transformation of Hundested Harbour is to better connect the harbour to the town. Commercial life must be strengthened, more accommodation and recreational offers must be created, and better traffic conditions and more parking spots for both residents and visitors must be provided (Halsnæs Kommune, n.d.). The introductory main grips (see p. 147) focus on establishing a boardwalk along the quayside, building new commercial buildings, a new hotel in the sand dunes, and bath houses close by the quay. Furthermore, the grips focus on changing the structure of the marina in order to establish room for swimming and more private boats.
Our thesis ‘Between Land and Sea’ investigates the staging of stories of the past. Back in the day, people settled in the coastal landscape, because it provided a good basis for life. They settled to build their livelihoods - typically in the form of fishing, agriculture, trade, and transport. Today, the story is different. As we have learned more and more people seek towards the coast for recreational purposes and for the atmospheric values. Some simply come to visit, while many others buy holiday homes or year-round houses in close proximity to the
146 Between Land and Sea
We have early on in our thesis written about how our intention was to demonstrate an alternative future for how a coastal setting could be developed. When we put our project in perspective to the two above, we have done just Insteadthat.of focusing on transforming the
Thecoastline.high
perspective, these conversions are a normal standard for development projects near a coastal landscape. We have therefore looked further into two harbour projects in Haderslev and Hundested in order to gain further knowledge of the conversion trend. As stated in the introduction, Haderslev Harbour works on developing the harbour into a new and modern city district with housing, commercial leasing, institutions, and recreational offers (Haderslev Kommune, n.d.). The transformation began in 2004 and is still ongoing in 2022. As seen in the illustrations on page 147, the masterplan focuses on expanding by building new blocks and opening by establishing new canals. This provides great access to the quayside for many of the new
attraction values of the coastal landscape have raised a high demand for availability, especially in the harbour towns. This has led to a transformation trend, where many of the old industrial harbours in Denmark are being modified into modern residential areas or being transformed to create a better link between harbour and the town
We can see a clear difference between these two projects. Haderslev as one of the early transformation projects focuses a great deal on the residential aspect, while Hundested focuses more on creating a destination harbour. Common for them is the approach of building new and the expected outcome of the modifications. Because in the end, it is about lifting the economy and gaining economic advantages. And maybe this happens at the expense of the atmosphere, the intangible values, the authenticity. For as Robert Doniger wrote, being authentic means that things exist for their own sake and not to make a profit.
from Haderslev Masterplan
HarbourVisualisation
Concept of the new ‘town- and destination development project - tying Harbour and Town together.
Model of Haderslev Masterplan
Overall illustration of the introductory main grips of Hundested
147An outro
An English professor of cultural geography, Caitlin DeSilvey, is one of them. In her lecture
An issue that should be debated in relation to this, is the way these elements try to contain and control the landscape. The protections are measurements that are meant to stop the natural process, and this is merely because humans have the skills and resources to do so. Because humans have a voice that will be heard and considered when the municipalities discuss development plans. But what about the voices of nature? Who will advocate for it, and who will take its party?
on ‘Adaptive Heritage Architectures: Reuse, Release and Reciprocity” she encourages us to rethink our current approach to climate challenges. Instead of spending resources on trying to save and protect certain values such as monuments, buildings, or a coastline, she encourages the forces of nature and calls for the values to decay over time. And in that process of leaving some things to decay, we can study and become more knowledgeable about the natural process that occurs in the coastal landscapes (DeSilvey, 2022).
Working with developments in coastal landscapes means that the dynamics of the natural environment will play an important role. The coastal landscapes are fragile environments, where current and future climate changes are major threats. The most pressing threats are the sea level rises and the more frequent storms that often end up destroying built environments by attacking the coastline. Many coastal towns will therefore work with measurements to protect and secure their inland and use plenty of resources. This is often done by building high-water walls, constructing breakwaters, establishing stone dikes, and others. This also applies to our project site.
built structures in the hope of boosting the harbour, we have worked with other themes that will contribute to the attraction value. We have worked with highlighting the historical, cultural, and natural values of the coastal landscape between Kikhavn and Sølager and worked on staging them as the main development grips.
148 Between Land and Sea
By referring to DeSilvey, we are not suggesting that we leave the peak of the Halsnæs peninsula to decay completely. But perhaps it can contribute to rethinking our future planning approach. Just like Ellen Braae does with her concept of ‘the Green Cultural Heritage’ or like Svava Riesto and Rikke Stenbro that introduces a new climate-paradigm, when working with cultural heritage in urban planning. They encourage us to look at things in a broader perspective. To value things not despite each other but because of each other. To learn to work with the processes of the landscape and not against it. In addition, maybe it can help the municipality, the residents, and others to reconsider to what degree the coastal landscape must be protected from climate threats. Maybe it is time to try a new approach, where we learn to live with the vulnerable landscapes and learn to accept the forces of nature in future development projects.
This way of working with a creative, solutionoriented design has led to the final design. The result of the product is therefore a reflection and representation of the constant issues we have encountered during our process and how that has affected our thoughts and ideas. It is because of our spiralling process and different work methods that our project has landed where it has.
the installation, the buildability, and more. Furthermore, we could have tested our designs. We could have created 1:1 mock-ups of our installations on-site or displayed our design proposal on posters throughout the four coastal towns. The questions that arise then are if the residents and visitors would have engaged themselves, would it have intrigued their curiosity for the design, or would it have been a Finally,flop?
REFLECTIONS
When we reflect on our project there are things we could have done differently.
we have reflected on how our thesis ‘Between Land and Sea’ will be able to contribute to future coastal planning projects. Our project is based on identifying and conveying the historical, cultural, and natural values of Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, and Sølager and the surrounding coastal landscape. The solution of the proposal is therefore very place-specific to the four coastal towns. However, the design strategy of the proposal will be able to be scaled to other coastal towns that may have the same intentions for coastal developments. We, therefore, hope that our thesis will be able to inspire other municipalities to try a similar approach, where the past is reflected in the future and where the concept of cultural heritage will be the driving force in other coastal developing projects.
149An outro
The many different methods we have worked with throughout the project have been used in combinations and have overlapped each other. As new understandings and knowledge occurred the design followed and changed throughout the process.
Another approach, a more opposite one, could have been to work on a smaller scale. We could have chosen to dive closer into the zoom-ins and only portrayed the installation. Explored the materiality, the specific design, the cost of
As previously stated, we have used literature, mappings, a phenomenological approach, sketching and drawings, field trips, interviews, and surveys to investigate different potentials, qualities, and challenges of our project site.
One of the elements is our delimitation of the project site. We have chosen to focus on four of the municipality’s coastal towns, but another approach could have been to look at all of them and create an even larger strategic proposal.
Our thesis is based on exploring different work methods and the process that goes with them.
The project and its process have moreover strengthened our ability to collaborate within a professional field and we strongly feel that we will be able to contribute to detecting and solving the future challenges that lie before us.
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APPENDIX A
• Ift. Dansk Kyst- og Naturturisme så lancerede de et kort i foråret 2021 hvor de efterspurgte danske kommuner i Østdanmark (Sjælland + øerne), som sku have udarbejdet strategisk-fysiske planer, som ville understøtte destinationsudvikling. Det søgte vi her i Hundested og blev kvalificeret og kunne derfor indgå et partnerskab. 4-5 andre kommuner gjorde det samme (det må i kunne finde i en pressemeddelelse et sted). Kortet blev udarbejdet i forbindelse med en større indsats som de har haft på Vestkysten, hvor de har lavet strategisk-fysiske planer i By- og destinationsudviklings perspektiv.
• Ift. Realdania gik sammen med Dansk Kyst- og Naturturisme som fundraiser.
• Dansk Kyst- og Naturturisme har en klar interesse i og fremme overnatningskapaciteten i Danmark (Det er en del af deres fundat) De skal ligesom fremme dansk kyst- og naturturisme og det kan man bl.a. gøre ved og skabe flere overnatningsmuligheder. Da vi så fik dem med ombord kunne vi se, at vi måske har en underkapacitet i forhold til overnatningsmuligheder i Hundested. Der er måske 1 hotel og en campingplads omkring, men de er ikke tidssvarende, har kapacitet nok eller optimeret rent forretningsmæssigt. Det er derfor en pind i det her projekt, som hedder, at udvikle Hundested så der er gode overnatningsmuligheder. Det er også noget der har været efterspurgt fra Havnen. En årsag til det ikke har været prioriteret førhen kan være, at der ikke har været så meget forretning i det, idet der primært er fokus på lokalt. Det har noget og gøre med at havnen også har kunder/erhvervskunder - hvor skal de overnatte henne. Der er et ret begrænset udbud. Der er derfor brug for noget projektudvikling. Kommunen sætter rammerne, men de er private grundejere af havnen, som skal finde ud af hvad de skal gøre med deres grunde, og det skal de prøve i fællesskab og løse.
4. Hvad er kommunes forhold til erhvervshavnen i den nye udviklingsplan? Har de en rolle i udviklingen af havnen? Hvor stor en del af det nye Hundesteds identitet skal erhvervshavnen være?
2. Hvordan kommer inddragelsesprocesserne med borgerne til at foregå, når den strategisk-fysiske udviklingsplan skal udarbejdes? Hvor meget kommer de til at blive hørt og tæller det den brede befolkning eller en styregruppe? Og er det jer eller TN, der har bolden ift. inddragelse af borgerne? (Spørg om vi kan komme med til et af borgermøderne i foråret)
• Havnen ejer sig selv.
• Hundested kan inddeles således: Grundejer Hundested Havn som ejer (hele det indtegnede område fra kortet). Det der så hedder virksomhed Hundested Havn har en bestyrelse hvor der sidder forskellige virksomhedsrepræsentanter såsom fiskere. De driver ligesom en forretning hvor de har noget indtægt i “kulturmolen” og en langt større indtægt i den klassiske erhvervshavn. Det sjove ved Hundested er, at der er en industrihavn som er aktivt døgnet rundt. Kl. 10 om aftenen er fuld knald på projektøren ude ved den del og det vælter rundt med gaffeltrucks. Hundested er ikke en “soveby” hvad det angår. Man sidder ikke og nyder sin kaffe derude. Det er simpelthen et erhvervsområde.
3. Hvem er det, der efterspørger flere overnatningsmuligheder i Hundested? Hvorfor skal turisterne blive mere end én dag? Hvilke overnatningsmuligheder er det, det drejer sig om - sommerhuse/hoteller/shelters?
1.Os:Hvordan fungerer jeres partnerskaber med hhv. Dansk Kyst- og Naturturisme, Realdania og Statens Kunstfond? Hvor meget er de involveret i udviklingen og på hvilke måder?
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Interview with municipal landscape architect Mads Farsø.
• Tredje Natur har bolden fremadrettet.
• Hele forløbet har været styret sådan, at vi havde en procesrådgiver der hedder URLAND, som har været rådgiver i den første del og stået for at sætte konkurrencen op og afvikle inddragelsen, samt skrive programmets opgave på vegne af inddragelsesprocessen og bistå os med og køre konkurrencen/udbuddet i processen. Desuden valgte vi og tage det snit, at når vi havde fundet en rådgiver/arkitektfirma (URLAND) så skulle de overdrages inddragelsesprocessen fremadrettet, fordi det måske ville blive en smule rodet. Så vi valgte at der var nogle der stod for inddragelsen og nogle andre der stod for planlægningsarbejdet til. Vi indgik heraf en kontrakt med Team Tredje Natur (3 parter), hvor kvistgaard + Hirtz har kompetencer indenfor turisme, og det var et krav i udbudsmaterialet, at der skulle være det på ens team.
• 15-20 år er et meget fint bud. Vinderteamet har lavet nogle faseplaner der omhandler forskellige steps/etaper af udviklingsprojektet.
6. Hvad er det for en destination, som Hundested skal være? Hvilken identitet skal fremhæves? Er det som klondike havn/ erhvervshavn/ fiskerihavn/ Knud Ras. fødeby / stranden / forbindelse til Rørvig el. andet, der skal tiltrække besøgende? Og hvem er det, man ønsker at tiltrække til kommunen? Danskere, udlændinge /familier, unge?
• Nu har der f.eks. i Halsnæs kommune i mange år været fokus på Frederiksværk om et projekt “stålsat by”, og nu er det ligesom blevet Hundesteds tur. Hvordan kan vi nu gøre noget for Hundested, byens borgere og byens havn. Man vil gerne holde fast i erhvervsdelen/erhvervshavnen i Hundested for ellers kunne man ligeså godt lave Nyborg Havn hvor man har fokus på andet end havnens kvaliteter. Du kan også lave et hurtigt politiske selvmål ved og sige hvis du har en havneby der har været født og skabt af fiskerne og aktiviteterne og så sige, at vi ikke vil have industri og havn - det ville også være rimelig mærkeligt. Det er en balance mellem fornuft og hvor meget det ligesom skal fylde i en sådan transformation.
• Råt og autentisk Hundested / Havnebyen Hundested, som er det vi håber på at Team Tredje Natur kan konkretisere. Sætte rammerne for en plan og dimensionere udviklingen og sætte den i etaper så man ikke gør alt på én gang. Så man ikke får smurt for tyndt ud. Der er et kæmpe potentiale, idet man kan google boliga og se huspriserne i første række i f.eks. Tisvilde, Rågeleje, Gilleleje osv. kontra her i Hundested. Man kan også se det i sammenligningen med Rungsted Havn. Hvor er det folk kommer fra og hvad er det faktisk folk kommer for. Kan man undgå og gøre det de andre havnebyer gør både regionalt/lokalt og måske også nationalt, så der er noget særegenhed og hvad er det så. Det har vi fået nogle gode rådgivere med på holdet som skal hjælpe os med det og gøre det endnu mere klart hvad der gør Hundested speciel/unik. Der er stor tiltro til dem og vi glæder os til den proces og det forløb vi træder ind i nu.
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5. Er der så et godt forhold mellem havnen og kommunen?
Det er noget man er meget bevidst om oppe i byen, at Hundested ikke er så “poleret” og det er så fint. Det er i hvert fald ikke Frederikssund hvor man har lagt en masse boliger ved havnen og deraf er en “soveby” (hvis man skulle tage et modbillede af hvad Hundested er). Det er blot for at få nogle billeder på at havnen har en klassisk erhvervsaktør, og så har det vist at der også er noget økonomi i kulturen. Koblingen til kommunen er, at vi som kommune er interesseret i en form for “turnover” også i havnen for det skaber også nogle skattekroner, samt lokal omsætning. Hvis vi snakker overnatninger, det der er flest overnatninger af er “varme senge” dvs. senge hvor der hele tiden er skift i hvem der sover, dvs. der også er skift i sengelinned, som også skaber arbejdspladser. Så på den måde er der et “win-win” perspektiv hvor hvis der så er nogle der overnatter mere end 1 dag, så skal folk også ud og købe mad om aftenen, morgenen og eftermiddagen, samt små souvenir og andet nips. Det er ligesom det perspektiv der er i 1-dags turisme.
• Vinderteamet (Team Tredje Natur) er kommet med nogle planer og hovedelementer, hvor der skal skrues op og ned på noget af det i samarbejde med borgerne og kerneaktørerne. Hundested Havn- og Erhverv og Forsyning har været med til og vælge det her team for at sikre os, at man går i fælles takt.
7. Er der en tidshorisont i forhold til hvor langt det her strategisk-fysiske udviklingsprojekt må tage?
• Projektforslaget: Der ligger noget med og få skabt en bedre forbindelse mellem den eksisterende Midtby og havnen, samt koncentrere handlen mere. Der er et lyskryds centralt der ligger placeret imellem de to områder, som nærmest er livsfarligt, men som har potentiale for og skabe en bedre forbindelse. Få koblet den nordlige del på først og derefter den sydlige. Hvis man skal være en smule realistisk så kan man hernede på sydsiden se, at der er placeret bygninger så man får en bedre fiskeri import, og så er der placeret bygninger rundt omkring i havnen. Det er ikke noget der lige sker i morgen for så har man lagt sig ud med alle aktørerne på havnen. På den længere bane kan det være et scenarie, da man langsomt bygger bro mellem de forskellige aktører og i samarbejde udtænker de bedst løsninger som tilgodeser flest muligt. Man skal huske og tænke på de her etaper så man ikke får alle imod sig, men hvis det er man skal gøre det så skal man måske ikke bygge et stort frysehus lige der, men måske ligge her.
• Ja, der er et godt forhold nu. Der har førhen været nogle udfordringer, men man har lige skulle finde hinanden, hvor man har fundet ud af hvordan man kan/skal bruge hinanden. Det har afhænget meget af situationen.
• Man gør måske også ondt på sig selv, hvis man siger at udviklingen har en bagkant. F.eks. det med lokaltogene, de
• Der har været en borgerproces, strategisk aktør proces og en plan proces. Hvis ikke havnen og kommunen er enige så er der ikke noget projekt.
• Det skaber også noget sikkerhed for investorer, hvad mener de egentlig på havnen og kommunen - får vi lige pludseligt et full stop. På en måde er det en avanceret form for forventningsafstemning.
8. Findes der nogle helårs initiativer i havnen? Initiativer for og skabe mere liv om vinteren?
• Man skal have sat nogle rammer før man udvikler havnen så det ikke ender ud i områder som tisvilde/gilleleje hvor det handler om og tjene penge og udkonkurrere hinanden. Hvad kan man gøre for og sikre et helårs perspektiv og hvordan kan man være retfærdig i sin fordeling af pladserne med de forskellige boder osv. (18:00-26:00 Herfra er snakken meget små snak)
• Ikke endnu. Hundested erhverv har nogle initiativer som primært er betegnet som “sæson udvidende” med fokus på skuldersæsonerne. Man snakker om et “årshjul” med aktiviteter som man arbejder med. Hundested erhverv er meget aktive og de har en rolle i den her udvikling, som de gerne vil tage på sig. En masse gode tanker og tiltag de har gang i.
158 siger måske 3-4 år så kan det godt være vi kan frigive nogle arealer og dermed arbejde med en større dynamik - lige nu er der ikke disse fælles billeder/tankegange. (14:27)
• 1 Sølager
1. Hvad er Deres tilknytning til en af de kystnære byer: Kikhavn, Hundested, Lynæs, Sølager?
• Fastboende blandet med nogle turister i god balance
• Fiskeri, træhåndværk, selvstændige erhvervsdrivende mht befolkningen. Gamle sommerferiebyer, havet, kunst
• Hyggeligt og ordentligt
• De er forskellige
• To spørgsmål i et - det er problematisk
• 4 helårsbeboere
• Hyggeligt
• 10 sommerhusejere
• Lys, luft, udsigt, blæst
• Vi kender hinanden gennem årtier og i Kikhavn er det 3. generationer der nu mødes i ferierne sammen med de fastboende. I hundested er det butiksejere og ansatte som kitter fællesskabet sammen mellem lokale og ferie folk.
2. I relation til Deres tilknytning, hvilken af de kystnære byer er De tilknyttet til?
• Samme som ovenfor. Folk ved typisk godt, at man skal involvere sig og sætte ting i gang selv, hvis man savner noget. Det er ikke “glo-kultur” men “deltage-kultur”
• 1 besøgende
Survery questions and answers
• Kikhavn og Hundested er vejret mere råt ud til Kattegat. Sølager og Lynæs ligger i ‘ly af næsset’. Byerne har ændret sig igennem årene. i 1950’erne var lynæs f.eks. udskældt som ‘indavl’, i 1960’erne flyttede mange familier til Lynæs og i dag er det ved at blive et hipstersted.
APPENDIX B
4. Hvad vil De beskrive som de vigtigste kulturtræk i de kystnære byer?
• Frilandsmuseum
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• Ro, tæt på naturen, bæredygtig hverdag, hygge, “vi har det sjov vi selv laver”
• 5 Lynæs
• De er forskellige
• Nogle afspærrede områder med privat skilte med adgang forbudt
• Det har virkelig ændret sig. Min gamle far fortæller om mand der havde høns i stuen i Kikhavn. Nu er det meget mondænt. Fyldt med sommerhuse og folk udefra. I hundested lå de store arbejdspladser som Grenå/Hundested
• Lynæs er den stille havn. Det karakteristiske er, at besøgene er folk, der er på vej, opholder sig kort, flere alene/ individualister. Det er fx. Folk, der tager et havbad, er på gåtur, surfer og tager hjem. Ånden er fin, rolig, overskud, det går nok, innovativ, afslappet. I Hundested er det mere højlydt. Her er det grupper, der spiser. Folk bliver et måltid mad og/eller drikker kaffe på Knuds. Her handler man ind. Musik. Fælles er der en lys og let energi i Hundested og Lynæs. Ofte når jeg møder mennesker kommer de fra Liseleje, Torup, Tisvildeleje og syd for, til Hundested. Der er faktisk råt og blidt, larmende vs. Stille havn. Turismefikseringen vinder ind, desværre.
3. Hvordan ville De beskrive sjælen og ånden i de kystnære byer?
• Uhøjtidelig
• Blanding af land, by og sommerhus som er uhøjtidelig
• Tæt på naturen, skov og vand.
• Der er mere ro og sjæl, når man går tur ved vandet.
• Vi hilser på hinanden men besøger ikke hinanden til kaffe og lign. Ved ikke hvor de forskellige bor. Ville gerne mere samvær og kaffeslabberas
• Uhøjtidelige. Søvnig. Indforstået
• For svært spørgsmål
• Landskabet, havet, vegetationen, de stråtækte huse, fiskeritradition, fyrretræerne, fuglelivet
• Autentisk, upoleret, usnobbet, mange huse går i arv
• 5 Hundested
• Driftighed og bevaring af området
• 12 Kikhavn
• Det er fiskeriet og sømandskab i modsætning til Frederiksværk som os heroppe ser som en industriby helt tilbage til da Krudtværket blev bygget i 1700-taller og senere Stålvalseværket
• Kikhavn har sine gamle gårde, det er særegen for Kikhavn
• Fiskeritradition. Meget ens
• Lynæs har surf og hipster-vibe
færgen (flere færger, mange afgange), Rørvigfærgen (findes stadig), Motorfabrikken, Fiskefabrikken og det meste af fiskeriet var samlet her + togforbindelsen mod Hillerød og København. To store folkeskoler, bibliotek, rådhus var også samlet her. Lynæs er kendt for den store lystbådehavn og få restauranter. I 1960’erne var der kæmpe byggeboom i Lynæs og tildels også Hundested. Sølager er kendt for kulhusefærgen, den store campingplads og Grønnesseskov. Vejret er mildere her.
• De er forskellige. Lynæs har surf og vintervade. Hundested havn og restaurant. Kikhavn natur
• Naturen
• Igen dårligt spørgsmål
• Gårdene og markerne
• Naturen, vandet og dets betydning for udviklingen
• Fiskeriet, Knud Rasmussen, de stråtækte huse
5. Hvad ville de beskrive, som de vigtigste historiske værdier i de kystnære byer?
• Kikhavn har sin lille by og ligger fredeligt uden meget kulturliv
• Knud Rasmussen
• Havnebyer, fiskeri, frie sjæle, kunstnere
• At man bevarer ældre huse solhat historien i sig.
• Forskellige
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• Havet inspirerer alle
• Forstår ikke spørgsmålet
• Naturen
• Knud Rasmussens hus
1. Hvad er din tilknytning til stedet? Bor du her, er du på besøg, arbejder du her? (uanset svar, spørg derefter; Hvordan kan det være, at du har valgt at bo, besøge eller arbejde lige her?)
5. Hvad ser du af udfordringer for stedet? Hvad lever måske ikke helt op til dets potentiale?
2. Hvordan er din daglige gang her? Kan du udpege det på kortet?
9. Hvordan synes du fiske-kulturen er?
10. Synes du/oplever du nogle problematikker omkring et stigende antal af turister på stedet?
APPENDIX C
Questions for the field trip interviews
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3. Hvordan kommer du rundt? Bil, cykel, gåben, offentlig transport?
6. Hvilke kvaliteter ser du som størst i byen?
4. Bevæger du dig nogensinde mod Kikhavn/Hundested/Lynæs? Hvorfor, hvorfor ikke?
7. Hvordan ville du beskrive ånden/sjælen/identiteten af stedet - måske med tre ord?
8. Hvad ville du sige, er de vigtigste kulturtræk? Er de tilstrækkeligt repræsenteret i bybilledet? Er der nogle, der er blevet glemt i den videre fortælling?