metabolic pathways con enzimas

Page 1

Enzymes available from Sigma

HYALURONIC ACID

GLYCOPROTEINS GANGLIOSIDES MUCINS O

CHOH CHOH

AcNH

PEPTIDOGLYCAN CH OHCHITIN 2

COO OPC

CHONDROITIN

O

O COO -

6.3.2.7-10 6.3.2.13 HO O

2.4.99.7

CH2OH

OPPU

CH3CH

O CHOH CHOH CH2OH

CH2OH O COO HO

OH 2.7.7.43

1.1.1.158

N-Ac-Neuraminate

HO O CH2 C

(Sialate)

CH2OP O

CH2OH O

OPPU

UDP-N-AcGlucosamine pyruvate N-Ac-Mannosamine-6-P CH2OH O

CH2OH O

H E X O S E S

UDPGalacturonate

O

HO OH HO OH

CH2OH O

HO OH

OH

UDP-Glucuronate

4.1.3.20

HO OH

HO OH

OPPU

NHAC

N-Ac-Mannosamine

5.1.3.14

UDP-N-Ac-Glucosamine

NHCOCH 3 5.4.2.3

OH

OH

HOCH 2

C

C

C

C

H

OH H

H

OH H

OH OH

C

C

C

H

C

H

O

HOCH 2

H

OH H

OH

C

C

C

H

CO

H

OH H HOCH 2

C

OH H

HOCH 2 C

H

HOCH 2 C

OH

C

H

C

CHO

HOCH 2

OH H

OH H H

C

C

C

HOCH 2 C

CH2OH

OH OH

C

C

C

H

H

OH

H

HOCH 2

CHO

C

CO

C

CH 2OH

OH

H

OH H

C

C

4 HOCH 2

C

OH OH

OH

H

OH

H

OH H

HOCH 2 C

H

C

HOCH 2

H

H

2H

2e*

HOCH 2 C

2H2O

CO

C

C

C

C

C

1.1.1.44

POCH2

H

H

C

C

+

H

+

+

+

5.3.1.6 POCH 2

H

OH

C

C

2.7

CO CH 2OH

4.1.2.-

C

C

C

H

H

H

C

C

CHO

POCH2

H

H

H OH

C

C

C

4 .1. 2.6 .10 .1 20 4 . 1 1. 1.

NH2

2.2.1.1 5.3

5.3.1

Pi

.1

++

Mg

POCH 2 C

C

CO

HO

γ-Linolenate

1.14.99.25 COO

Arachidonate 1.13.11.34 5. 1.1 3.99 4.9 .3 9 .1

1.3.1.35

L I P I D

COSCoA

CO-S-ACP

1.14.99.5

Stearoyl-CoA

OH-Stearoyl-CoA

Chain elongation

Palmitoyl-CoA CH3(CH2)n CH=CHCOS-CoA

1.3.1.9 2, 1.3.1.10

ACYL-ACP

Decanoyl-ACP

0 .2.1.6

2, 3-Decenoyl-ACP CH3(CH2)2CH=CHCO-S-ACP

CH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH 2COSACP

CH3CH=CHCO.S-ACP

CH3CH2CH2COSACP

CH3CH=CHCO-S-ACP

1.3.1.9

Butanoyl-ACP

Crotonoyl-ACP

2.3.1.15

Carnitine O-Acyl-carnitine

3.1.1.3

CH2O-CO-R"

Triacylglycerol

FAT

3.1.1.28

CH3(CH2)n CH=CHCOSCoA

1.3.99.3

CH3CH2CH2COSCoA

CH3CH=CHCOSCoA

CH3CH2CH=CHCOSCoA

CH 3CH2CH 2CH2COSCoA

O

Cardiolipin

Dehydrosphinganin

2 3.1.4.1

+ NH 3 CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2OH

Ceramide

3.1.4.12

hv

CH3O

Opsin

COO-

Retinoate

O CH3O

O

5.2.1.3

trans-Retinal

11-cis-Retinal

Light

CHO

CH2OH

CH2OH

5.2.1.7

11-cis-Retinol

Menaquinone

Dark

(Vitamin A)

CH 3

CH3 O CH3

(Vitamin K)

(Vitamin E)

SUCCINATE FUMARATE

1.10.2.2

Fe-S and 2eCytochromes

2H+

2.5.1.21

IV

Progesterone

H

H

HO

HO

Desmosterol

H

Zymosterol

Lanosterol

C H

CH2

COO-

HEME

CH3

H N

H N

H3 C

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

COO-

C H2

COO-

CH2 CH3

H3 C H2 C

N H

N H

H N

H N

H3 C

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

COO-

-OOC

CH2

H 2C

CH2 CH3

C H2

CH2 CH2

COO-

COO-

H 2C

-

CH2 H 2 C N H

N H

H N

H N

H 2C

OOC

CH2 CH2

COO-

C H2

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2

COO-

COO-

5-Amino levulinate COO-

-OOC

CH2

H2 C

CH2

H2 C

4.2.1.24 N H

H2 N

1.3.3.3 4.3.1.8 1.3.3.4 Protoporphyrinogen Coproporphyrinogen 4.1.1.37Uroporphyrinogen 4.2.1.75 4.99.1.1

IX

III

III

ATP

NE

RO TO N

ME

MB

RAN

E

Porphobilinogen

H C N

3.6.1.3

2-Oxoadipate

ATP

ADP Pi

Guanidoacetate

2.1.1.2

ADP- OCH2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH2CO NHCH 2CH2SH

Dephospho-Coenzyme A

Coenzyme A

2.6.1.17

N-Succinyl2-amino-6-oxopimelate

+ NH3

N -Trimethyllysine

+

S-Adenosylmethyl thiopropylamine

+ OHCCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

COO NH CHCH 2CH2COO

+ CH 2CH2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

1.5.1.9

L E G Carbohydrates

E

Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis Biosynthesis

CH3COCOO

N

CH2 CHCOO

PROLINE 1.14.11.2 HOCH H2C

Argininosuccinate

3.5.2.10

Degradation

NH

N CH3

CO CH 2

Creatinine

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

4-Hydroxy2-oxoglutarate

+ OOCCH(OH)CH 2CH(NH 3)COO

4-Hydroxyglutamate

N H

1.5.1.12

HOCH HC

CH2 CHCOO

N

3-Hydroxypyrroline5-carboxylate

1.5.1.2

Degradation

The "BACKBONE" of metabolism involves GLYCOLYSIS, the TCA CYCLE and OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. It is a major source of energy (ATP) and is the origin and termination of most of the pathways. GLYCOLYSIS occurs in the CYTOPLASM. The TCA CYCLE is in the MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (ATP SYNTHESIS) spans the MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE. This last part has been redesigned to illustrate the activation of ATP-synthase and formation of ATP - driven by the electromotive translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. A similar compartmentation occurs in the chloroplast, where light-driven proton translocation across the inner thylakoid membrane initiates synthesis of the ATP necessary for Photosynthesis. In both cases flow of electrons and protons is shown in red or blue arrows

Electron Flow

A C I D S

4.2.1.75 4.2.1.80 4.2.99.2 4.2.99.8 4.2.99.9 4.3.1.1 4.3.1.2 4.3.1.3 4.3.1.5 4.3.2.1 4.3.2.2 4.4.1.1 4.4.1.8 4.4.1.15 4.6.1.1 4.6.1.3 4.6.1.4 4.99.1.1

Proton Flow

Some other pathways occurring in the mitochondria are identified by a pale yellow background

Pyruvate decarboxylase Oxaloacetate decarboxylase Acetoacetate decarboxylase Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase Aspartate 1-decarboxylase Aspartate 4-decarboxylase Glutamate decarboxylase Ornithine decarboxylase Diaminopimelate decarboxylase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase Histidine decarboxylase Orotidine-5’-phosphate decarboxylase Tyrosine decarboxylase Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase Sulfoalanine decarboxylase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase Dehydro-l-gulonate decarboxylase Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase Aminocarboxymuconatesemialdehyde decarboxylase Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase 2-Oxoglutarate decarboxylase Threonine aldolase Ketopantoaldolase Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 2-Dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase Isocitrate lyase Malate synthase Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase Citrate (si)-synthase ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase 4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase Acetolactate synthase N-Acylneuraminate-9-phosphate synthase Homocitrate synthase Citramalate lyase Anthranilate synthase Tryptophanase Fumarate hydratase Aconitate hydratase Citrate dehydratase Dihydroxy-acid dehydratase 3-Dehydroxyquinate dehydratase Phosphopyruvate hydratase (enolase) l-Serine dehydratase Threonine dehydratase Enoyl-CoA hydratase Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase Tryptophan synthase Cystathionine B-synthase Porphobilinogen synthase 3-Isopropylmalate dehydratase dTDPglucose 4,6-dehydratase GDPmannose 4,6-dehydratase Urocanate hydratase Prephenate dehydratase Dihydrodipicolinate synthase 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase Crotonoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase 3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase 3-Hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase 3-Hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase Uroporphyrinogen-III synthase 2-Oxopent-4-enoate hydratase Threonine synthase Cysteine synthase O-Succinylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase Aspartate ammonia-lyase Methylaspartate ammonia-lyase Histidine ammonia-lyase Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase Argininosuccinate lyase Adenylosuccinate lyase Cystathionine g-lyase Cystathionine ß-lyase D-Cysteine desulfhydrase Adenylate cyclase 3-Dehydroquinate synthase Chorismate synthase Ferrochelatase

ISOMERASES 5.1.3.1 Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase 5.1.3.2 UDPglucose 4-epimerase 5.1.3.4 l-Ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase 5.1.3.6 UDPglucuronate 4-epimerase 5.1.3.7 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase 5.1.3.12 UDPglucuronate 5´-epimerase 5 1.3.13 dTDP-4-Dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase 5.1.3.14 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase 5.1.99.1 Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase 5.2.1.2 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase 5.2.1.3 Retinal isomerase 5.2.1.7 Retinol isomerase 5.3.1.1 Triose-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.3 Arabinose isomerase 5.3.1.4 l-Arabinose isomerase 5.3.1.5 Xylose isomerase 5.3.1.6 Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.8 Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.9 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.16 N-(5´-Phospho-d-ribosylformimino)5-amino-1-(5´´-phosphoribosyl)4-imidazolecarboxamide isomerase 5.3.3.2 Isopentenyl-diphosphate ³-isomerase 5.3.99.3 Prostaglandin-E synthase 5.3.99.5 Thromboxane-A synthase 5.4.2.1 Phosphoglycerate mutase 5.4.2.2 Phosphoglucomutase 5.4.2.3 Phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase 5.4.2.8 Phosphomannomutase 5.4.3.8 Glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase 5.4.99.2 Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase 5.4.99.5 Chorismate mutase 5.4 99.7 Lanosterol synthase 5.5.1.4 myo-Inositol- l-phosphate synthase LIGASES 6.2.1.3 6.3.1.1 6.3.1.2 6.3.1.4 6.3.1.5 6.3.2.1 6.3.2.2 6.3.2.3 6.3.2.5 6.3.2.6

6.3.2.8 6.3.2.9 6.3.2.10

Small numbers refer to the IUBMB Enzyme Commission Reference Numbers for Enzymes

COMPARTMENTATION

2.6.1.23

CHCOO

Human Metabolism is identified as far as possible by black arrows

Biosynthesis

A M I N O

Ribokinase Ribulokinase Xylulokinase Phosphoribulokinase Dephospho-CoA kinase Adenylylsulfate kinase Triokinase Glycerol kinase Glycerate kinase Choline kinase Pantothenate kinase Pantetheine kinase Mevalonate kinase Homoserine kinase Pyruvate kinase D-Ribulokinase l-Xylulokinase N-Acylmannosamine kinase Shikimate kinase Pyrophosphate—serine phosphotransferase Ethanolamine kinase Diacylglycerol kinase Phosphoglycerate kinase Aspartate kinase Formate kinase Glutamate 5-kinase Creatine kinase Phosphomevalonate kinase Adenylate kinase Nucleoside-phosphate kinase Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase Guanylate kinase dtmp kinase Cytidylate kinase Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase Pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase Sulfate adenylyl transferase RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase UTP—hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase UDP glucose—hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase Ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase Glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase N-Acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase Ethanolamine phosphotransferase Diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase Ceramide cholinephosphotransferase CDPdiacylglycerol—glycerol-3phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDPdiacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase CDPdiacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase 3-Oxoacid CoA-transferase 3-Oxoadipate CoA-transferase

HYDROLASES 3.1.1.3 Triacylglycerol lipase 3.1.1.4 Phospholipase A2 3.1.1.5 Lysophospholipase 3.1.1.7 Acetylcholinesterase 3.1.1.17 Gluconolactonase 3.1.1.21 Retinyl-palmitate esterase 3.1.1.28 Acylcarnitine hydrolase 3.1.1.31 6-Phosphogluconolactonase 3.1.1.32 Phospholipase A1 3.1.2.1 Acetyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.3 Succinyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.4 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.11 Acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.20 Acyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.3.2 Acid phosphatase 3.1.3.3 Phosphoserine phosphatase 3.1.3.4 Phosphatidate phosphatase 3.1.3.5 5´-Nucleotidase 3.1.3.9 Glucose-6-phosphatase 3.1.3.11 Fructose-bisphosphatase 3.1.3.15 Histidinol-phosphatase 3.1.3.25 myo-Inositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase 3.1.3.27 Phosphatidylglycerophosphatase 3.1.3.29 N-Acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase 3.1.3.31 Nucleotidase 3.1.4.2 Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase 3.1.4.3 Phospholipase C 3.1.4.4 Phospholipase D 3.1.4.10 1-Phosphatidylinositol phosphodieterase 3.1.4.12 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3.2.1.21 ß-Glucosidase 3.2.1.23 ß-Galactosidase 3.2.1.26 ß-Fructofuranosidase 3.2.1.45 Glucosylceramidase 3.2.1.46 Galactosylceramidase 3.2.1.48 Sucrose a-glucosidase 3.2.2.2 Inosine nucleosidase 3.3.1.1 Adenosylhomocysteinase 3.5.1.1 Asparaginase 3.5.1.2 Glutaminase 3.5.1.6 ß-Ureidopropionase 3.5.1.9 Arylformamidase 3.5.1.18 Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase 3.5.1.22 Pantothenase 3.5.1.23 Ceramidase 3.5.2.2 Dihydropyrimidinase 3.5.2.3 Dihydroorotase 3.5.2.5 Allantoinase 3.5.2.7 Imidazolonepropionase 3.5.2.10 Creatininase 3.5.3.1 Arginase 3.5.3.4 Allantoicase 3.5.3.6 Arginine deiminase 3.5.4.1 Cytosine deaminase 3.5.4.3 Guanine deaminase 3.5.4.6 AMP deaminase 3.5.4.10 IMP cyclohydrolase 3.5.4.12 dCMP deaminase 3.5.4.19 Phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase 3.6.1.3 Adenosinetriphosphatase 3.6.1.15 Nucleoside-triphosphatase 3.6.1.31 Phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase 3.6.1.34 H+-transporting ATP synthase 3.7.1.2 Fumarylacetoacetase 3.7.1.3 Kynureninase 3.9.1.1 Phosphoamidase

6.3.2.7

4.1.3.16

CH2

HYDROXY PROLINE HN C

Degradation

Photosynthesis Dark Reactions OOCCH(OH)CH 2COCOO

1.5.99.8 CH2 1.5.1.2

6.3.4.5

P-Creatine

OHCCOO

Pyruvate Glyoxylate

CHCOO

Pyrroline-5carboxylate

+ NH2

D

Vitamins, Co-Enzymes & Hormones CH

OOCCHCH 2COO N + H2NCNHCH 2CH 2CH2CH(NH3) COO

N

Degradation

Purines & Pyrimidines

Putrescine

2.6.1.13

P- HNCN(CH 3)CH2COO

Saccharopine

Degradation

Amino Acids

NH

NO

.7 5.1.1 0 .2 4.1.1 1.5.1.7 - 10

LYSINE

2-Aminoadipate 1.2.1.31 2-Aminoadipate semialdehyde

H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2

+ OHCCH 2CH 2CH(NH3) COO

Glutamic semialdehyde

1.14.13.39

Diaminopimelate

+ + (H3N)(CH2)4 CH(NH 3)COO

6

1.14.11.8

OOCCH-CH 2CH2CH2CHCOO + NH 3

3.5.1.18

N-Succinyl-2, 6 diaminopimelate

+ + (CH3)3N(CH 2)3 CH2CH(NH 3)COO

2.5.1.16

CH2

2.7.3.2

2.7.7.3

2.7.1.24

OOCCOCH 2CH2CH2CH-COO

2.8.3.5 2.8.3.6

4.2.1.61

4-P-Pantetheine

OOCCHCH 2CH2CH 2CH-COO + NH3

2.7.8.8 2.7.8.11

4.2.1.60

P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCH 2CH 2SH

OOCCH 2CH2CONH

Spermidine

4.1.1.17

Creatine

6.3.2.1

P-ADP- OCH 2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCH 2CH2SH

OOCCH 2CH2CONH

H2N(CH 2)4NH (CH2)3NH2

1.2.1.41

+ H 2NCONHCH 2CH2CH2CH(NH3) COO

H2NCN(CH 3)CH2COO

Pantoate ß-Alanine 3.5.1.22

4.1.1.36

Isovaleryl-CoA

2.5.1.22

4.3.2.1 H2NCNHCH 2COO

1.1.1.169 HOCH 2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)COO

CH3-SCH 2CH2CHNH 2

Spermine

CH2 CH2

+ NH2

2

1.3.99.10

2.6.1.39

H2N(CH 2)3NH(CH2)4NH (CH2)3NH2

6.3.5.5

3.5.3.6

Oxopantoate

Lipids

Glutamine

UREA

HOCH 2 C(CH 3)2COCOO

4-P-Pantothenylcysteine

LEUCINE

+ OOCCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

OOCCH 2CH2CH2COCOO

Glutamyl-P

+ H2NOCCH 2CH2CH (NH3) COO

NH2

+ NH

N -Trimethyl3-OH-lysine

1.14.11.1

Glycine

COO P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCHCH 2SH

(CH3)2CHCH 2COSCoA

Piperideine2, 6-dicarboxylate

6

4.1.1.50

4-P-Pantothenate Cysteine 6.3.2.5

+ (CH3)2CHCH 2 CH(NH 3)COO

1.4.1.9

2.5.1.6

1.2.1.25

CH2 CH-COO

N

METHIONINE

2.7.1.33

1.2.1.25

2.7.7.13 2.7.7.14 2.7.7.15 2.7.7.18 2.7.7.23 2.7.7.24 2.7.7.27 2.7.7.34 2.7.7.41 2.7.7.43 2.7.8.1 2.7.8.2 2.7.8.3 2.7.8.5

4.1.1.48 4.1.1.49 4.1.1.50 4.1.1.65 4.1.1.71 4.1.2.5 4.1.2.12 4.1.2.13 4.1.2.14 4.1.3.1 4.1.3.2 4.1.3.4 4.1.3.5 4.1.3.7 4.1.3.8 4.1.3.16 4.1.3.18 4.1.3.20 4.1.3.21 4.1.3.22 4.1.3.27 4.1.99.1 4.2.1.2 4.2.1.3 4.2.1.4 4.2.1.9 4.2.1.10 4.2.1.11 4.2.1.13 4.2.1.16 4.2.1.17 4.2.1.18 4.2.1.19 4.2.1.20 4.2.1.22 4.2.1.24 4.2.1.33 4.2 1.46 4.2.1.47 4.2.1.49 4.2.1.51 4.2.1.52 4.2.1.55 4.2.1.58 4.2.1.59

+ CH 3 - SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH2COO

ISOLEUCINE

2.6.1.6

1.2.1.32

PANTOTHENATE

CH3CH2

(Decarboxylated SAM)

3.5.1.2

3.5.3.1

Isobutyryl-CoA

CH 3

OH + + (CH3)3N(CH 2)3 CH2CH(NH 3)COO

+ POOCCH2CH 2CH(NH3) COO

3.5.1.2 6.3.1.2

1H+ 3H

H2 C

4.1

+ H2NCNHCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

+

1.3.1.26

2, 3-Dihydrodipicolinate

ARGININE S

H 2C OOCC

2SO 4

CH3CH 2CHCOSCoA

3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA

CH 2 CH-COO

5 .1.1

ORNITHINE

Glycine +

6.4.1.4

4.3.1.3

Adenosyl

(GABA)

2.1.4.1 R

(CH3)2CHCH 2COCOO

4-Aminobutyrate

H2NCONH 2

N

HC OOCC

CITRULLINE

1H+

2.6.1.32

CH3 CH3CH=CHCOSCoA

3-Isopropyl- 1.1.1.85 Oxoleucine malate

3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA

CHCOO

HOCH 2 C(CH3)2CH(OH)CO NHCH 2CH2COO

+ CHCH(NH 3)COO

CH3CH2

CH3 CH3C = CHCOSCoA

CH

CH 3

CHCOCOO

OOCCH 2CH2CH2NH2

Carbamoyl-P

1.2.1.25

CH3CHCO-SCoA

CH3

(CH3)2CHCHCH(OH)COO

Glutaryl-CoA

4.1.1.70

ATP CO2

6.3.4.16

Methyl acrylyl-CoA

C

Glutathione

CH3

1.3.99.3

4.2.1.19

CH2SH + OOCCH(NH 3)CH2CH2CONHCHCONHCH 2COO

2-Oxo- 1.4.1.8 VALINE isovalerate

CH2 = CCOSCoA

4.2.1.17

CH2COCH 2OP

NH

N

2.1.1.10

4.1.2.12

2.6.1.32

C C H

2.1.1.20

CH3 + CHCH(NH 3)COO CH3

CH3

3-HydroxyIsobutyryl-CoA

OOCCH 2CH 2CH2COSCoA

1.3.99.7

H2NCOOP

I

CH2

H2 C

N H

CH2

CH2

N2

P

H3 C

CH N

CH

N H

COO-

CH3

H2 C

ED

N

H3 C

CH2

.1 8.6

CHCOCOO

C H

2.7.1.15 2.7.1.16 2.7.1.17 2.7.1.19 2.7.1.24 2.7.1.25 2.7.1.28 2.7.1.30 2.7.1.31 2.7.1.32 2.7.1.33 2.7.1.34 2.7.1.36 2.7.1.39 2.7.1.40 2.7 1.47 2.7.1.53 2.7.1.60 2.7.1.71 2.7.1.80 2.7.1.82 2.7.1.107 2.7.2.3 2.7.2.4 2.7.2.6 2.7.2.11 2.7.3.2 2.7.4.2 2.7.4.3 2.7.4.4 2.7.4.6 2.7.4.8 2.7.4.9 2.7.4.14 2.7.6.1 2.7.7.3 2.7.7.4 2.7.7.6 2.7.7.7 2.7.7.9 2.7.7.10 2.7.7.12

LYSASES 4.1.1.1 4.1.1.3 4.1.1.4 4.1.1.9 4.1.1.11 4.1.1.12 4.1.1.15 4.1.1.17 4.1.1.20 4 1.1.21 4.1.1.22 4.1.1.23 4.1.1.25 4.1.1.28 4.1.1.29 4.1.1.32 4.1.1.33 4.1.1.34 4.1.1.36 4.1.1.37 4.1.1.39 4.1.1.41 4.1.1.43 4.1.1.45

CH

C

+ CH 3 - SCH 2CH 2CH(NH 3)COO +

Bile Acids HCHO

CH3

H C

Adenosyl

+ SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

CH3

H P OCH 2 C

Imidazole acetol-P

Adenosyl

6.3.2 .3

4.2.1.9

2-3-Dihydroxy isovalerate

2.1.1.13 2.1.1.14

γ-Glutamylcysteine

2.3.1.46

HOCH 2CHCOS-CoA-

+ H2NCH2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

3.6.1.34

L

Fe

HC

HEMOGLOBIN

CH N

CH2 CH3 CH 2

H2 C

1.1

1.6.6.4

N

2.7.7.4

(APS)

S-Adenosyl homocysteine

Taurine

4.2.1.33

Carnitine

1.4.1.14

RPPP

Urocanate

CH2SH + OOCCH(NH 3)CH2CH2CONHCHCOO

HO3SCH 2CH2NH2

C (OH)CH(OH)COO CH3

2.6.1.19

NH+ 4

1.7.7.1

6.3.2 .2

1.8.1.3

CH3CH(OH)CHCOSCoA

4.2.1.52

2.7.2 .11

N

CYTIDINEtriphosphate

P Y R I M I D I N E S

(CTP)

NH CH

Adenylylsulphate

Homocysteine

4.4.1.8

Glutamate

C(OH)CH(OH)COO CH3CH2

+ OHCCH 2CH (NH3)COO

2.1.3.3

Pi ADP

IA

N

CH

CH2

COOCOO-OOCCH CH COCH NH CH2 2 2 2 2 CH2

_

NO2

3H

DR

H3 C

CH3

H C

(C30)

3.1.2.4

+ (CH3)3NCH2CH(OH)CH 2COO

1.4.1.2

1.6.6.1 1.7.99.4

Cystathionine

CH3

1.1.1.3

+ OOCCH 2CH 2CH (NH3) COO

NO3

N

+ HSCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

4.2.1.22

CH3

Aspartyl Succinic Semialdehyde semialdehyde

+

ON

CH2

CH2 CH

COO-

Squalene

CH

COO-

CHLOROPHYLL

5.4.99.7 1.14.99.7

H2O

2H+

M I TO

CHOLESTEROL

Pregnenolone

HO

H

2H+

1.9.3.1

Cu and Cytochromes

2H+

H

HO

MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX

2H+

Cyt.c

STEROIDS

1.1.1.86

OOCCH 2C = CHCOSCoA

4.2.1.18 2.4

GLUTAMATE

_

2.7.1.25

COOH

4.2.1.18

Methylmalonyl-CoA

2-OXO ACID N

2H+ III

(C15)

2H+

CH

Imidazolone propionate

Phosphoadenylylsulphate

CH 3

2-Isopropylmalate

OOCCH 2CH2CHO

6.3.4.2

HC

2.6.1.9

4.2.1.49

CDP

CH 2.7.4.6 CH

Imidazole glycerol-P

CH2CH(NH 3)CH2OP

NH CH

N

CH3

(CH3)2CHC(OH)CH 2COO

11

C

OH OH HN

NH CH

CHCH 2CH2COO

OC

CH3

1.1.1.3

COOH

R-CO-COO

AT IO

C

HC

2-Methylaceto-1.1.1.35 2-Methyl-3-4.2.1.17Tiglyl-CoA 2 Methylbutyryl1.3.99.3 acetyl-CoA hydroxyCoA butyryl-CoA

+ R-CH(NH3) COO

1.3.5.1 Fe--S FAD

2H+

Farnesyl-PP

CH 3

α-Tocopherol

Phylloquinone

UQH2

OPP CH2

CH2OH

Phytol (C20) HO

O

II

2.5.1.10

O

trans-Retinol

4H 2H+

UQ

(C20)

Plastoquinone

1.1.1.105

1.1.1.105

4H

+

CH CH N RPPP

Histidinol-P

3.1.3.15

3.5.2.7

4.2.1.9 2-Aceto-22-Oxo-3-methyl 2:3-Di-OHhydroxy- 1.1.1.86 3-methylvalerate valerate butyrate

.1.

d-CDP

NH 2

N NH C CH C HC N N RP

CH2

N

CHCH 2CH2COO NH CH

O-Phospho- 2.7.1.39Homoserine homoserine

Asparagine

SA MI N

CO

CH 2CH(NH 3)CH2OH

+ HOCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

COO

1 .2

AN

NH CH

CH N RP

2.7.4.14

N OC

CONH 2

+ OOCCH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

3-Hydroxyisobutyrate

.31 1.1.1

+ H2NOCCH 2CH (NH3) COO

TR

C

Histidinol

1.1.1.23

Hypotaurine

Aspartyl-P

2.6.1.-

C

N

.1. 29

+ POCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

6.4.1.3

6.3.5.4

HC

4.1

CH3COC(OH)CH 2CH3

4.1.1.71

NAD +

FMNH 2

(C10)

Geranyl-geranyl-PP

+ CH2CH(NH 3)CHO

+ CH2CH(NH 3)COO + SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

4.2.99.9

+ P OOCCH 2CH(NH3)COO

5.4.99.2

P OCH 2 C

Cysteate

CH3COC(OH)CH 3

5.1.99.1

1.6.5.3

2e-

+

CH3C= CHCH 2 CH2C= CHCH 2OPP CH2OPP

n

- OOCCH CH COSCoA 2 2

2-OXOGLUTARATE

FMN

I Fe--S

2.5.1.1

2.5.1.29

Ubiquinone

GDP+Pi

H

OH OH

Succinylhomoserine

OOC-CH-COSCoA

2.7 .

H

N

1.17.4.1

O C

P-Ribulosylformimino P-Ribosylformimino 5-aminoimidazole- 5.3.1.16 5-aminoimidazolecarboxamide-R P+ carboxamide-R P +

NH CH

4.4.1.1

COO

2-AMINO ACID

(C5)

HN OC

2.4.2.9

3.3.1.1

CH3 HOCH 2CHCOO

.3.1 8

d-CMP

Cytosine

RP

+ HO3SCH 2CH(NH 3)COO

2-Acetolactate

1.2.1 .16

3.1.2.3

CH3C-CH2CH2OPP

(Coenzyme Q)

CHO

.1. 1

NADH+H +

Geranyl-PP

CH3

SUCCINATE GTP 6.2.1.4

Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space

1.13.11.21

2.5.1.32

Rhodopsin

C

OH OH O

1.8.99.2

CH3CH2COCOO

2.1.3.1 4.1.1.41 5.1.99.1

ASPARTATE

OOCCH 2CH2COO

Glycine

CH3

C

NH2 N OC C NH CH C HC N N

N C C

NH2 C CH CH OC N DP

NH 2 C CH N CH OC NH

(PAPS)

CYSTEINE

4.2.99.2

CH 3CH2COSCoA

+ OOCCH 2CH(NH 3)COO

-OOCCOCH CH COO2 2

CH2

CH 3

C

HO2SCH 2CH2NH2

Propanoyl-CoA

1.2.4.2

4.1.1.33

(C5)

C

sulphinate

CH3

Mitochondrial Inner Membrane

ß-CAROTENE (C40) Metarhodopsin

4.3

SUCCINYL-CoA

2.3.1.37

Dimethylallyl-PP

(C40)

To Brain - VISION

1.1.1.41

CH3C = CHCH 2OPP

Phytoene

2.6.1.1 1.4.3.1

1.3.5.1

CO2

CH HN OC N CH RP

O C

N

d-UMP

O C

CH

HN H2 N C

GUANOSINE-P

CH HN CH OC N DP 3.5.4.12

3.5.4.1

1.13.11.20

4.1.1.12

FUMARATE

5-Amino levulinate

Diphosphomevalonate

HSO3-

1.8.99.1

CH3COCHCOSCoA

OOCCH=CHCOO

HOOCCHO

Isopentenyl-PP

CH3

H

Histidinal

Oxobutyrate

Methylmalonyl semialdehyde

4.1.3.1

NHCOR

Cerebroside

3.2.1.46 2.4.1.47 1.3.99.7

1.1.1.23

.99 + .8 HSCH 2CH(NH 3)COO

4.2.1.16

CH3 OHCCHCOO

4.2.1.2

4.

ISOCITRATE

CH3C(OH)CH 2CH2OPP

Acyl-CoA

1.6.4.1

4.1.3 .18

Malonic semialdehyde

2

MALATE

CH2COO

CH2COO

CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O- Galactose

CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2OH

2.7.8.3

CHOLINE

CYSTINE

THREONINE

OHCCH 2COO

1.2.1.18

.2 1.3

CHCOO

Psychosine

NHCOR

7

4.2 .1. 5

Glyoxylate

2.7.1.36 2.7.4.2

+ HOCH 2CH2N(CH 3)3

2.7.1.32

4.2

+ CH3CH(OH)CH(NH 3)COO

2.6.1.18

LACTATE

4.1.3.7

4.2.1.3

CH COO

HS

4.1.1.29

4.1.1.12

CHOHCOO

+ NH 3 CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O- Galactose

Sphinganin 4-Sphingenin 2.4.1.23 Acyl-CoA UDP-Sugars 3.5.1.23 2.4.1.62 UDP-Galactose O

Lycopene (C40)

2.3.1.76 3.1.1.21

.1.2

OOCCH(OH)CH 2COO

CITRATE

2 Acetylcholine CH C(OH)CH 3 2 CH2OH Mevalonate

+ P OCH 2CH2 N(CH 3)3

N

CH3

CAT

P O R P H Y R I N S

.3 2.7.8

.18

1.1.1.37 C(OH)COO

2.7.4.8

2.4.2 .4

C-COO RP

N

6.3.4.1 6.3.5.2

2.4.2 .1

O C

THYMIDINE-P

N H

CH N RP

H

P U R I N E S

(GMP)

C-CH3 CH 2.1.1.45 N DP

CH CH

Formimino glutamate

4.2.1.1

1.1.1.32

2.3.1.6

H

HN

OXALOACETATE

CH2COO

O C

OC

H

OOC

.16

8

.4.9

N

N C C

XANTHOSINE-P

.1

C

HN OC

Uracil

HN

H

C

HC

NH CH

4.1.2.5

OOCCOCH 2COO

4.1.3.8

1.3.1.2

CH C-COO NH

3.5.4.19

HISTAMINE

2.3.1

Mevaldate

3.1 .4.2

Choline-P

1.1.1.102

SPHINGOMYELIN

Retinol esters

2.7.7.15

CDP-choline

ALANINE

1.1.1.39

CH3C(OH)CH 2CHO

CH3COCH 2CH2N(CH 3 )3

3.1.4.4

+ CH3CH(NH3)COO

4.1.3.4

CH2COO

Ethanolamine

CH2CH2NH2

3-Sulphinyl pyruvate

4.1.1.32

CH2COO

+ HOCH 2CH 2NH 3

Glycerophosphocholine

+ CPP-O CH2CH2N(CH 3)3

2.6.1.4

O C

HN OC

O C

2.7

2.4.2.4

Thymine

1.1.1.205 OC

(XMP)

O

TDP

O C

HN

3.1.4.6

GDP 1.17.4

CH N RP

(IMP)

3.5.4 .3

4.6

RP

N C C

N

6.3.4.4

Guanine

C A T E C H O L A M I N E S

CH N

INOSINE-P

Aspartate

2.4.2.1

d-GDP

N

C

O C

HC

Adenylosuccinate

2.7.4.6

6

O C

HN OC

O C C

3.5.4.10

1.1 7.4 .1

.7 .

C CH3 CH NH

P OCH 2

Cysteine

CH3CH(OH)COO

4 2.6.1.4

1.1.1.34

3.1.4.3

+ NH 3 CH3(CH2)14CH(OH)CHCH 2OH

-

Oxalate

1.4.3.8

2.7.1.82

+ CH2OPO CH2CH 2N(CH 3) O

3.1.1.5

2.7.8.2

NHAcyl + CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O PO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3 O

S T E R O I D S

Ethanolamine-P

4.1.3.5

ß-OH-ß-Methylglutaryl-CoA

Glycol aldehyde

CH2OH

LECITHIN

3

1.2.1.36

4.1.3

ATP GTP

CH3C(OH)CH 2COSCoA

HOOC-COOH

HOCH 2CHO

HOCH O

- Lysolecithin

Gangliosides

I S O P R E N O I D S

+ POCH2CH2 NH3

2.7.7.14

HOCH O

CH 3(CH2)14COCHCH 2OH

2.7.8.5

O

OPhosphatidylglycerol

CDP-Ethanolamine

+ CH2OPO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3 O CH 2 O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O 3.1.1.32 O R'-CO-OCH + + CH2OPO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3 CH2OPOCH2CH2N(CH 3)3 O O

2.3.1.50

1.2.1.21

CH2O-PO CH 2CHOHCH 2OH

CH2O-CO-R

Choline plasmalogen 1.3.1.35 Serine +NH

HOCH 2COO

Glycolate

CH2O-CO-R

-

+ CPP- OCH 2CH2 NH3

2.7.8.1

CDP-diacyl glycerol

R'-CO-OCH

O HCO-CO-R

2.1.1.17 2.1.1.71

CH2OCH=CHR

2.6.1.2

ACETYL-CoA

CH2COO

1.2.3.5

CH2

CH-COO NH

HISTIDINE

+ S-CH 2CH(NH 3)COO + S-CH 2CH(NH 3)COO

4.1

4.1.3.5

1.1.1.79

O

Inositol

CH2 O-POCH 2CH(OH)CH 2 O-P-OCH 2 O O

+ CH 2O P OCH 2CH2 NH 3

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine CEPHALIN

2.7.8.8 2.7.8.11

OHCCOO

Glyoxylate

2.7.7.41

O

2.7

Dihydrouracil

NH

HSO3-

CH3COCH 2COSCoA

3-Oxopentanoyl-CoA

.7

A C I D S

Formylamidoimidazolecarboxamide-R P

2.4.2.1

4.3.2.2

2.4.2.15

d-CTP GTP TTP 2.7.

CH2 CH2 OC NH

3.5.2.2

H2 N HCO

NH

.5

4.3.1.3

+ CH2CO-OCH2CH(NH 3)COO

2.3.1.9

Acetoacetyl-CoA

NH

3.1.3

Fumarate

d-GTP

1.3.1.2

+ CH2CH(NH 3)COO

C

N

4.4.1.15

1.1

2.3.1.16

CH3CH2COCH 2COSCoA

1.1.1.35

CH2O POCMP

Serine

CH 2O-CO-R’

CH2O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O

O O

CH 2O-CO-R

PHOSPHATIDYL SERINE

OH

R'-CO-OCH

3-OH-Butanoyl-CoA

R'-CO-OCH

O

O

4.1.1.65

1.4.1.1

2.3.1.12 1.8.1.4

2.3.1.16

3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA

1.1.1.157

3-OH-Pentanoyl-CoA

COO + CH 2O PO CH 2CHNH 3

1.3.99.7

Phosphatidyl inositol

PYRUVATE 1.2.4.1

2.3.1.38

CH3(CH2)2COCH 2COSCoA

1.1.1.35

CH3CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA

CH 2O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH

HO OH

CH 2O-CO-R

CH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA

3-OH-Hexanoyl-CoA

CH3CH2CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA

Pentenoyl-CoA

OH

CH2O-PO

-

4.2.1.55

Crotonoyl-CoA

Pentanoyl-CoA

O

4.2.1.17

2, 3-Hexenoyl-CoA

1.3.99.2

Butanoyl-CoA Odd C Fatty acids

OH

3.1.2.11

N

Inosine

3.2.2.2

CH

NH N C C N CH C HC NH RP N

O C

HN OC

P-Ribosyl-AMP

HC

Acetylserine

4.4.1.15

4.1.1.9

HC

2.1.2.3

N C C

RP

5-Aminoimidazole carboxamide-R P

HN

2.7 .7.6

+ HO 2SCH 2CH(NH 3 )COO

CH3CO COO

Acetyl-ACP

3-Oxoacyl-CoA

C C H

HO2SCH 2COCOO

CH 3CO-S-ACP

Acetoacetate

1.1.1.35

NHCOCH 2CH2NH2

Carnosine

2.7.1.40

ATP

HOOCCH 2CO-SCoA

1.1.1.30

CH3(CH2)n COCH 2COSCoA

3.6.1.31

C CH 2CHCOO NH C H

4.1

2 .1. 3.7

Malonyl-Co-A

CH3COCH 2COO

3-OH-Acyl-CoA

CH3(CH2)2CH=CHCOSCoA

1.3.99.3

Hexanoyl-CoA

CH2O-CO-R

2.3.1.39

CH3CH(OH)CH 2COO

4.1.1.4

3.1.3.4 2.7.1.107 Phosphatidate

C

1 .1.

CH 3 COSCoA

CH3(CH2)2CH2CH2COSCoA

R'-CO-OCH

2.7.8.5

CH2O P

CH3(CH n CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA 4.2.1.17

2, 3-Enoyl-CoA

(Mitochondria)

CH3COCH 3

0

Acetaldehyde

HOOCCH 2CO-S-ACP

Malonyl-ACP

KETONE BODIES

R’-CO-OCH

CH2OH

Diacyl 2.3.1.20 glycerol

.1.3

HS

Acetone 3-OH-Butyrate

CH2O-CO-R

CH2O-CO-R R’-CO-OCH

R’-CO-OCH

O-Acyl-carnitine

ACYL-CoA

CH2O-CO-R

P-enolpyruvate

2.3.1.41

3-P-Glycerol

2.3.1.51

2.3.1.7

2.3

2.1.3.2

CH3CHO

ADP

Acetoacetyl-ACP

CH2O P

2.7.1.30

Glycerol

CH2=C(OP ) COO

CH3COCH 2COSACP

1.1.1.8

HOCH

HOCH CH2 OH

(Cytosol)

CH3(CH2)n CH2CH2COSCoA

CH2OH

CH2OH

FATTY ACID

3.1.2.20

3-Oxo-Decanoyl-ACP

1.1.1.100

3-OH-Butanoyl-ACP

R-CH2COO

6.2.1.3

ETHANOL

2.3.1.41

CH3CH(OH)CH 2COS-ACP

4.2.1.58

C

N

1.1.1.1

CH3(CH2)2COCH 2COSACP

HN

CH

C N

H 2N

4.3.2.2

OOC-CH-CH 2COO

CH3CH 2OH

3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-ACP

RP

N

C

(UTP)

4.1.1.22

1.2.1.4

CH 3(CH2)6COCH 2COSACP

1.1.1.100

3-OH-Hexanoyl-ACP

C

HC

2-P-Glycerate

2.3.1.41

4.2.1.59

2.7.7.6

NH2 N + C C N CH C HC N N RP(PP)

CH 3COO

3-Oxoacyl-ACP

4

2, 3-Hexenoyl-ACP

P OCH2 C

N

Glycerate

2.3.1.41

3-OH-Decanoyl-ACP

H

2.4.2.17

4.2.1.11

CH3(CH2)6CH=CHCOSACP

1.3.1.9

Hexanoyl-ACP

3-OH-Acyl-ACP

H

ACETATE

CH 3(CH2)n COCH 2COSACP

1.1.1.100

H

P-Ribosyl-ATP

HOCH2CH(O P)COO

Mitochondrial

4.2.1.6 CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COSACP 3 2 6 2 0 1.1.1.100

3, 4-Decenoyl-ACP

1.3.1 .9

CH 3(CH2)2CH 2CH2COSACP

CH3(CH2)n+2COS-CoA

3-Enoyl-ACP

CH3(CH2)5CH=CHCH 2COSACP

CH3(CH2)6CH2CH 2COSACP

CH 3(CH2)n CH(OH)CH 2COSACP

4.2.1.60 4.2.1.61

ACYL-CoA

P H O S P H O L I P I D S

Oxostearoyl-CoA

N

O C

H 2N

Plant Pigments

URIDINEDihydro Orotate Orotidine-P Uridine-P UDP 4.1.1.23 (UMP) 2.7.4.4 2.4.2.10 2.7.4.6 triphosphate orotate 1.3.1.14

3.5.2.3

OH OH O

HOCH2CH(OH) COO

5.4.2.1

Endoplasmic Reticulum

CH 3(CH2)14COSCoA

Palmitoyl-ACP

B I O S Y N T H E S I S

D E G R A D A T I O N

2, 3-Diphosphoglycerate

O C

HN OC

H

HC

POCH2CH(O P) COO

CH3(CH2)14COCH 2COS-CoA

2.6.1.22

P OCH2COCOO

2.7.1.31

OH

Thromboxane B2

Carbamoyl ß-alanine

Carbamoyl aspartate

P-Hydroxypyruvate

CH3(CH2)14COCH 2COS-CoA CH3(CH2)14COS-ACP

L I P I D

5.3.99.5

CH3(CH2)14CH(OH)CH 2COS COS-CoA

Dehydrostearoyl-CoA

O

HO

OH

2.7 .7

CH-CH3 CH 2 NH

H2NCONHCH 2CH 2COO

3.5.1.6

O C

Tannins

CH

5-Amino-4-imidazole (N-succinylcarboxamide)-R P

N

2.7.7.7

Dihydro thymine

3.5.2.2

H

2.6.1.52 1.1.1.95

3-P-Glycerate

COO

Prostaglandin PGE 2

CH3(CH2)14CH=CHCOS-CoA

COSCoA

POCH2CHOH COO

OH

COO

HO

Palmitoleoyl-ACP

Oleoyl-CoA

Leukotriene B4

O

C

H 2N

LIGNIN

1.1.1.29

COO

Linoleate

THYROXINE OOC-CH-CH 2COO HNCO C N

RP

2.7.7.7

HN

-OOC NH2 CH2 OC CH-COO N

Phosphoserine

ATP

COO

ß-Ureido isobutyrate

2. 1. 1. 13

H2NCH 2CH2COO

+ P OCH2CH(NH3)COO

2.7.2.3

4.1.1.39 HO

COO

4.1.1.11

3.1.3.3

Hydroxypyruvate

ADP

H2NCONHCH 2CHCOO

ß-Alanine

HOCH2COCOO

OH OH

P-Ribosyl-PP

SERINE

2.6.1.51 1.4.1.7

1:3-bis-P-Glycerate

OP O P

OH OH

NADH

4.2.1.22

I OH

MELANIN

ADENOSINE-P

O C

HN OC

CH3

3.5.1.6

I

NH

O

Adenine

RNA

2.7.7.6

0

3-Aminoisobutyrate

+

HOCH2CH(NH3)COO

POCH 2CHOHCOOP

2.7.6.1

Ribulose-1:5-bis-P Fixation CO2

Chloroplast Stroma

1.2.1.13

CH2OP O

CHOLINE

Coumarate

O

(AMP)

DNA

.7

4.2.1.2

CH3 H2NCH 2 CHCOO

+ HOCH2CH2N (CH3) 3

1.2.1.12

ATP

4.1.2.5

1.1.99.1

Glyceraldehyde

CH 2OP

Betaine aldehyde

2.7.1.28

HOCH 2CH(OH)CHO

NADPH+H +

2.1.2.1

+

CH=CHCOO

1.1.1.204 1.1.3.22 Hypoxanthine 1.1.3.22 Xanthine

d-ATP

1.2.1.8

Pi NAD+

ADP

1.14.13.11

Tyramine

OH

O C

A M I N O

Phenylpyruvate

Cinnamate Menaquinone

OH

I

O

C CH C OC NH NH

2.7.4.3 2.7.4.4

4.2.1.51

CH=CHCOO

O

1.17.4.1

2.7.7

FOLIC ACID C1 POOL

I

NH2 N C N C CH C HC N RP(P) N

OH OH

2.7.4.6

OHCCH 2N(CH3)3

2.4.2.14 6.3.4.7

CH N

2.7.4.6

d-ADP

Betaine

O

HN

N

HN

NH

N

HC

ATP

4.6.1.1

2.1.1.5

3-P-Glyceraldehyde

.1.1

+ NADP

H

OH

Dimethylglycine

4.1.2.13

NH2

N H

CO

URATE

N -O P~O P~O P O CH 2 O O O O

N

Cyclic AMP

1.4.4.2

O

O

OOCCH2N(CH3)3

(Glycerone-P)

H

O

CH

O

OC

1.7.3.3

C C

2.6.1.5 4.3.1 .5

CH2CH2NH2

5

Ubiquinone

CH

NH

C

HN

N

N

N CH2 O

O

C N H NH H

Allantoin

+

Dihydroxyacetone-P

+

NH2

4.1 .1.2

carboxylate-R P

O

NH CO

OC

OC

3.5.2.5

H2 N

RP

5-Amino imidazole-R P

NH

HC

P

1.5.99.2

OH OH OH H

POCH 2CHOHCHO

+

O

OOCCH 2N(CH3)2

2.2.1.1

2e*

O

Sarcosine

Sedoheptulose-PP

HOCH2CO CH2OP

C N H H

N

CH2COCOO

PHENYLALANINE

4.1.1.21 5-Amino-4-imidazole 6.3.2.6

6.3.3.1

H2 N

Allantoate N

2. OOCCH 2NHCH3

Glyoxylate

RP

NH2 CO

COO

OC

GLYCINE

P-Ribosyl amine

C CO CH2OP

Urea

CH2(NH3)COO

CH2OP O

.1.

15

H 2N

+

CO CH2OP

NH

1.14.16.1

N C C

Prephenate

+

+ CH2CH(NH3) COO

OOC

CH 2COCOO

A R O M A T I C

1.3.1.13

1.14.16.2

CH

2-Amino muconate

OH

5.4.99.5

Chorismate

CH2CH(NH3) COO

CH2CH(NH3) COO

TYROSINE

1.14.18.1

N

HC H 2N C

CHO

6.3.5.3

3.5.3.4

Fructose1:6-bis-P

2.2.1.2

3H+

O2

HO

OH OH

4.1.2.13

Thylakoid Membrane

H

RP

H2NCONH 2

6.3.4.13

OH OH H

D-Xylulose-5-P

2.7.1.17

H

Dopaquinone

Formyl Formyl glycinamide-R P glycinamidine-R P

2.7.1.11

OH OH

Erythrose-4-P POCH 2

D-Ribose

Glycinamideribosyl-P

ADP

NH

2.1.2.2

O

Plastoquinone

NH H 2C HN C

+

OC-COO

OH

Shikimate-5 4.6.1.4 enolpyruvate 3-P

OH

H2 C CH-COO + NH3

O

(Vitamin E)

OCH 3

CHO

OC OH OH

α-Tocopherol

CHOHCH 2OH

O-C-COO

Dopa

1.14.18.1

NH

OOC

4.1.3.27

CH2

NH 2

OOC OOC

Anthranilate

COO

OH

2.5.1.19

1.14.12.1

NH2

2.4.2.18

N-(5-P-Ribosyl) anthranilate

1.2.1.32

COO

1.3.1.13

OH

4.1.1.28

Dopamine

OH

H 2C

CH CH2OP

+

OH

OH

4-OH-3-Methoxyphenylglycol

NHCOCH 2NH2

C

O

4.1.1.48

P O

2.6.1.5

OCH NH2 COO

OH OH

CH2CH(NH3) COO-

6

(Normetadrenaline)

CO CH2OH

3.1.3.11

C CHO

POCH 2 C

5.1.3.1

H

+

C

H

H

CHO

+

H + H + H H+

C

ATP

D-Ribulose-5-P

3.6.1.34

H

POCH2 C

CH2OP O

CO CH2OH

OH OH

ATP

+

HO

Fructose-6-P

OH OH OH

2H

H

4 .3. 1.4

OH

CH2CH2NH2

1.14.17.1

OH

OH

OH

Normetepinephrine

C

COO

Shikimate-3-P PEP

Hydroxyphenyl pyruvate 1.3.1.13

.1. 2.1

4-OH-3-MethoxyD-mandelate

OH OH H

NADPH

5.1.3.1

H

OCH 3

OH

OH

2.2.1.1

OH OH OH

PC

HO OH

NADP +

CH2OP

OH

2.7.1.71

Shikimate

1.13.11.27

(Noradrenaline)

OCH 3 OH

CH(OH)COO

OH

P O

CH2COCOO

OH

Norepinephrine

CHOHCH 2NH2

(MELATONIN)

NH

H

OH

COO

Quinolinate

4.1.1.45 3-Hydroxy 1.13.11.6 2-Amino-3-carboxy 2-Aminomuconateanthranilate muconate semialdehyde 6-semialdehyde COO H H Catechol

3.7.1.3

COO

CH2COO

OH

2.1.1.28

(Adrenaline)

5.3.1.9

5.3.1.8

1.1.1.25

OH

Epinephrine

CH2 OP O

Glucose-6-P

NADP +

OH OH H OH 6-P-Gluconate NADPH

CH2OH

H

3

C COO -

CH2OH

ADP+Pi

Thylakoid Lumen

OH H

C

.17 .1.1

D-Ribose-5-P

+

O2

CO

H

C

1.1.1.49

OH

OH

CHOHCH 2NH2

OH

ADP

P-Glucono lactone

COO

HO

Dehydroshikimate

OH

OH

2.7.1.2 2.7.1.1

O

HO OH

.1. 4

3.1.3.9

4.2.1.10

O CH2COO

CHOHCH 2NHCH 3

ATP

2.6.1.16

OH H

3H 2H+ Tr P700 ns H ans located proto H H H

2H+

H

H

3.6.1.3

PC

2.7

POCH 2 C

2e*-

f

H

C

Cyt.

Thylakoid Membrane

P680

C

5.1.3.4

PQH2

e-

C

H

CO CH OH 2

C

b

Mn

HOCH 2 C

H

OH

Ferredoxin

PQ

OH

HOCH 2 C

L-Ribulose-5-P

Chloroplast Stroma PHOTOSYSTEM I

+

Chlorophyll Pheophytin

H

Ribitol

D-Xylulose

P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

OH

Sorbitol

H

H

CHO

CH2OP O

C CH2OH

2.7.1.3

5.4.2.2

1

OH

N-Acetyl-5-O-methyl-serotonin

CH2

OH

O

2.1.1.4

N

COO

1-(o-Carboxy phenylamino) 1-deoxyribulose-5-P

COO

Fumaryl 5.2.1.2 Maleyl 1.13.11.5 Homogentisate acetoacetate acetoacetate

GLUCOSE

3.2.1.48

1.1.1.2

CO

OH OH OH

OH H

PHOTOSYSTEM II

C

1.10.2.1 1.10.3.3

CO

OH

C

H

1.1.1 .9

OH H

C

Fructose-1-P

CH2OH

C

POCH2 C

2.7.1.16

H

OH OH H

O

D-Xylose

CO CH2OH

L-Ribulose

L-Lyxose

CO

OH H

2.7.1.47

H

HOCH 2 C

OH OH H

OH OH

C

H

CO

2.7.1.47

C

3.2.1.26

SUCROSE 5.5.1.4

1.1.1.14

CO CH 2OH

C

OH OH

CHO

C

OH

HO OH

COO

Dehydroquinate

O

O CH2COO

H

COO

CH 2CH2NHCOCH 3 NH

OCH NH2 COO

COO HOC-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2OP CH N

C-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2OP CH

Indole-3-glycerol-P

COO OH

O

4.6.1.3

O

CH2OH O

OH

POCH2

L-Xylulose-5-P

CH 2OH

Xylitol

.1.

POCH2

2.7.1.53

C

OH H

1.1.1.10

5.3

H

C

OH OH

L-Xylulose

L-Arabinose C

HOCH 2 C

CH2OH

OH

H

3-Deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-P -OOC

Glucosamine-6-P

OH OH H

CO

OH H

C

H

OH OH H

HOCH 2 C

H

CO

Fructose

Dehydroascorbate

H

OH H

C

OH H

CHO

C

H

2, 3-Dioxogulonate OH

C

O

HOCH2

OH

H

C

OH H

CO COO -

CO

C

Inositol-P

ASCORBATE

OH OH H

L-Arabitol HOCH 2

H

H

H

C

C

C

D-Arabinose 5.3.1.3 D-Ribulose

4.1.1.34

L-Xylose HOCH 2 C

HOCH 2 C

1.1.1.130

3-Dehydrogulonate OH H

OH H

C COO-

CO

OH

H

P E N T O S E S

OH

C

HOCH 2 C

Glucose-1-P

OH

HO

N

2.4.2.19

CH3O

NH2

OH

Quinolinatenucleotide

2.4.2.19

COO

NH2

OH

Kynurenine 1.14.13.9 3-Hydroxy kynurenine

4.2.1.20

TRYPTOPHAN

HOCH HCOH C

UDP-Galactose

OP

4.1.1.28

OC P OCH 2 CH2

OPPU

+ COCH2CH(NH 3)COO

+ CO CH2CH(NH 3)COO

+ CH2CH(NH 3)COO NH

COO OH

NH2

5.3.1.8

NH

Tryptamine

5-Hydroxytryptamine 2.3.1.5 N-Acetyl-serotonin

+ COO N RP

N

Nicotinatenucleotide

CH2CH2NHCOCH 3

NH

1.13.11.11

CH2CH 2NH2

HO

HO OH

2.3.1 .4

OH OH

H

O

Gulonolactone 1.1.3.8 2-Oxogulonolactone 1.1.1.45

OH

OH

3.1.3.25

Inositol

CO

H

HO OH OH

1.13.99.1

Glucuronate

CO

OP

HO OH

OH OH

H

OH

OH

HO OH

1.1.1.19

Gulonate

3.1.1.18 HOCH 2

COO -

OH

NHCOCH 3

2.4.1.22

OH

HO 5.1.3.2 2.7.7.10 2.7.7.12 OH

CH 2OH O HO OH

Indolepyruvate OP

HO

CH 2CH2NH 2

.11

2.4.2

Ribose- P

COO

COO

NICOTINATE

+ N

2.7.7.18

Desamino-NAD

NH

NH2

3.5.1.9

Formylkynurenine

O

O

(SEROTONIN)

+ CO CH2CH(NH 3)COO CHO

NH

4.1.99.1

NH

CH 2OH O

2.7.7.9

CH 2OP O

CH 2COCOO

OH

UDP-Glucose Galactose-P

2.7.7.34

2.4.1.13

HO

OPPU HO

2.7.7.27

2.4.1.9

N-Ac-Glucosamine-6-P

N-Ac-Glucosamine-1-P

O OH OH

OH

HO OH

4.1.1.43

CH2OH O

2.7.1.6

1.14.16.4

HO

4.1.1.28

5-Hydroxytryptophan

NH

Indole

Indoleacetaldehyde

3.2.1.23 2.7.1.38

NH

Ribose - O - P - O - P - O -Adenosine

6.3.5.1 6.3.1.5

+ CH2CH(NH3)COO

HO

CH2CHO

GALACTOSE

CH2OH O OH

2.7.7.24

Mannose-6-P

HO OH

2.7.7.23

COO OH H

OP

ADPGlucose

2

HO OH HO OH

CH2OP O

OH

O

O

+

COO

O

O

N

Ribose -O - P - O - P - O- Adenosine(P)

NAD(P)

1.2.3.7

OH

1.1.1.2

5.4.2.8

CH2OH O

(Auxin)

+

O

O

NH

Indoxyl

NH

OH

OH

TDP-Glucose

CH 2OP O

2.7.1.60

ACNH HO OH OH

4.2.1.46

2.7.1.7

5.1.3.6

OPPU

2.4.1.1 2.4.1.11 HO etc. 2.4.1.21

GDP-Glucose

MANNOSE

2.7.7.13

HO OH HO O P

NH

CH2OH O

OPPT OH

Mannose-1-P

5.1.3.7

3.1.3.29 ACNH 4.1.3.20 HO OH OH

OPPU

2.4.1.21

TDP-4-Oxo6-deoxyglucose

CH2OH O

OH

+

N

OH

Indoleacetate OH

OH

LACTOSE

O

OH

2.4.1.33

GDP-Mannose OH

COO

5.1.3.13 O

HO OH HO OPPG

OH

UDP-N-AcGalactosamine

NHAC

COO

HO

NHCOCH 3

4.2.1.47 O

CH3

CH2OH O

CH2OH O O

2.4.1.29

TDP-Rhamnose

GDPMannuronate

GDP-Fucose COO -

CH2OH O

HO

OH

OH OH

HO OPPG OH

5.1.3.12

CH2COO

OPPT

CH3

OPPU

OH

HO CH3

COO

CONH 2

GLYCOGEN

O

O

HO

2.4.1.16

COO

3.1.3.29

HO

OPPU

OH

OH

UDP-N-Ac-Muramate

1.1.1.132

2.4.1.68 2.4.1.69

UDPIduronate

CMP-N-Acetyl neuraminate AcNH

HO

2.4.1.17

NHAC

COO-

HO

BLOOD GROUP ALGINATES O-ANTIGENS STARCH SUBSTANCES PECTIN INULIN CELLULOSE

DERMATAN

TRA N SLO

TRANSFERASES 2.1.1.1 Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.2 Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.3 Thetin—homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.4 Acetylserotonin N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.5 Betaine—homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.6 Catechol O-methyl transferase 2.1.1.10 Homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.13 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate—homocysteine S-methyl transferase 2.1.1.14 5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate — homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.17 Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.20 Glycine N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.28 Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.45 Thymidylate synthase 2.1.1.71 Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2.1.2.1 Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase 2.1.2.2 Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2.1.2.3 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxamide formyltransferase 2.1.2.5 Glutamate formiminotransferase 2.1.2.10 Aminomethyl transferase 2.1.3.1 Methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyltransferase 2.1.3.2 Aspartate carbamoyltransferase 2.1.3.3 Ornithine carbamoyltransferase 2.1.4.1 Glycine amidinotransferase 2.2.1.1 Transketolase 2.2.1.2 Transaldolase 2.3.1.1 Amino-acid N-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.4 Glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.5 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.6 Choline O-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.7 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.8 Phosphate acetyltransferase 2.3.1.9 Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.12 Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.15 Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2.3.1.16 Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase 2.3.1.20 Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2.3.1.23 Lysolecithin acyltransferase 2.3.1.24 Sphingosine N-acyltransferase 2.3.1.30 Serine O-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.37 5-Aminolevulinate synthase 2.3.1.38 [Acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.39 [Acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonytransferase 2.3.1.41 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 2.3.1.46 Homoserine O-succinyltransferase 2.3.1.50 Serine C-palmitoyltransferase 2.3.1.51 1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2.3.1.76 Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase 2.4.1.1 Phosphorylase 2.4.1.9 Inulosucrase 2 4.1.11 Glycogen (starch) synthase 2.4.1.13 Sucrose synthase 2.4.1.16 Chitin synthase 2.4.1.17 Glucuranosyltransferase 2.4.1.21 Starch synthase 2.4.1.22 Lactose synthase 2.4.1.23 Sphingosine ß-galactosyltransferase 2.4.1.29 Cellulose synthase (GDP-forming) 2.4.1.32 Glucomannan 4-ß-mannosyltransferase 2.4.1.33 Alginate synthase 2.4.1.47 Acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase 2.4.1.62 Ganglioside galactosyltransferase 2.4.1.68 Glycoprotein 6-a-l-fucosyltransferase 2.4.1.69 Galactoside 2-a-l-fucosyltransferase 2.4.2.1 Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase 2.4.2.2 Pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase 2.4.2.4 Thymidine phosphorylase 2.4.2.8 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.9 Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.10 Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.11 Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.14 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.15 Guanosine phosphorylase 2.4.2.17 ATP phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.18 Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.19 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase (carboxylating) 2.4.99.1-11 Sialyltransferases 2.4.99.7 Sialyltransferase 2.5.1.1 Dimethylallyltranstransferase 2.5.1.6 Methionine adenosyltransferase 2.5.1.10 Geranyltranstransferase 2.5.1.16 Spermidine synthase 2.5.1.19 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase 2.5.1.21 Farnesyltransferase 2.5.1.22 Spermine synthase 2.5.1.29 Farnesyltranstransferase 2.5.1.32 Geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyl transferase 2.6.1.Transaminases 2.6.1.1 Aspartate transaminase 2.6 1.2 Alanine transaminase 2.6.1.4 Glycine transaminase 2.6 1.5 Tyrosine transaminase 2.6 1.6 Leucine transaminase 2.6.1.9 Histidinol-phosphate transaminase 2.6.1.13 Ornithine—oxo-acid transaminase 2.6.1.16 Glutamine—fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2.6.1.17 Succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase 2.6.1.18 ß-Alanine—pyruvate transaminase 2.6.1.19 4-Aminobutyrate transaminase 2.6.1.22 l-3-Aminoisobutyrate transaminase 2.6.1.23 4-Hydroxyglutamate transaminase 2.6.1.27 Tryptophan transaminase 2.6.1.32 Valine—3-methyl-2-oxovalerate transaminase 2.6.1.36 l-Lysine 6-transaminase 2.6.1.39 2-Aminoadipate transaminase 2.6.1.42 Branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase 2.6.1.44 Alanine-glyoxylate transaminase 2.6.1.51 Serine—pyruvate transaminase 2.6.1.52 Phosphoserine transaminase 2.6.1.66 Valine—pyruvate transaminase 2.7.1.1 Hexokinase 2.7.1.2 Glucokinase 2.7.1.3 Ketohexokinase 2.7.1.4 Fructokinase 2.7.1.6 Galactokinase 2.7.1.7 Mannokinase 2.7.1.11 6-Phosphofructokinase

P O L Y S A C C H A R I D E S

Enzymes available from Sigma

19 1. 4. 1.

OXIDOREDUCTASES 1.1.1.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.3 Homoserine dehydrogenase 1.1.1.8 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.9 D-Xylulose reductase 1.1.1.10 l-Xylulose reductase 1.1.1.14 l-Iditol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.19 Glucuronate reductase 1.1.1.21 Aldehyde reductase 1.1.1.22 UDPglucose dehydrogenase 1.1.1.23 Histidinol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.25 Shikimate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.27 Lactate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.29 Glycerate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.30 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.31 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.32 Mevaldate reductase 1.1.1.34 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) 1.1.1.35 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.1.1.37 Malate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.39 Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) 1.1.1.41 Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.1.1.44 Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) 1.1.1.45 l-Gulonate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.49 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.56 Ribitol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.79 Glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) 1.1.1.81 Hydroxypyruvate reductase 1.1.1.82 Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.1.1.85 3-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.86 Ketol-acid reductoisomerase 1.1.1.95 Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.100 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase 1.1.1.102 3-Dehydrosphinganine reductase 1.1.1.105 Retinol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.130 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.157 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.1.1.158 UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.169 2-Dehydropantoate 2-reductase 1.1.1.204 Xanthine dehydrogenase 1.1.1.205 IMP-dehydrogenase 1.1.3.8 l-Gulonolactone oxidase 1.1.3.22 Xanthine oxidase 1.1.99.1 Choline dehydrogenase 1.1.99.5 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.2.1.3 Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.2.1.7 Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.2.1.8 Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.11 Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.12 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.2.1.13 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.2.1.16 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) 1.2.1.18 Malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) 1.2.1.21 Glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.23 2-Oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.2.1.24 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.25 2-Oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating) 1.2.1.27 Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) 1.2.1.31 l-Aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.32 Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.36 Retinal dehydrogenase 1.2.1.41 Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.52 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase 1.2.3.5 Glyoxylate oxidase 1.2.3.7 Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase 1.2.4.1 Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) 1.2.4.2 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) 1.2.7.1 Pyruvate synthase 1.2.7.2 2-Oxobutyrate synthase 1.3.1.1 Dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.3.1.2 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.3.1.8 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.3.1.9 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) 1.3.1.10 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) 1.3.1.13 Prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.3.1.14 Orotate reductase (NADH) 1.3.1.26 Dihydrodipicolinate reductase 1.3.1.35 Phosphatidylcholine desaturase 1.3.3.3 Coproporphyrinogen oxidase 1.3.3.4 Protoporphyrinogen oxidase 1.3.5.1 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1.3.99.1 Succinate dehydrogenase 1.3.99.2 Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.3.99.3 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.3.99.7 Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.3.99.10 Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.4.1.1 Alanine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.2 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1.4.1.7 Serine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.8 Valine dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.4.1.9 Leucine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.10 Glycine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.14 Glutamate synthase (NADH) 1.4.1.19 Tryptophan dehydrogenase 1.4.3.1 d-Aspartate oxidase 1.4.3.2 l-Amino-acid oxidase 1.4.3.4 Amine oxidase (flavin-containing) 1.4.3.8 Ethanolamine oxidase 1.4.4.2 Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) 1.5.1.2 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1.5.1.3 Dihydrofolate reductase 1.5.1.5 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADP+) 1.5.1.6 Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1.5.1.7 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, l-lysine-forming) 1.5.1.8 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, l-lysine-forming) 1.5.1.9 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, l-glutamate-forming) 1.5.1.10 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, l-glutamate-forming) 1.5.1.12 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase 1.5.3.1 Sarcosine oxidase 1.5.99.1 Sarcosine dehydrogenase 1.5.99.2 Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase 1.5.99.8 Proline dehydrogenase 1.6.4.1 Cystine reductase (NADH) 1.6.5.3 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1.6.6.1 Nitrate reductase (NADH) 1.6.6.2 Nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H] 1.6.6.3 Nitrate reductase (NADPH) 1.6.6.4 Nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] 1.6.6.8 GMP reductase 1.7.3.3 Urate oxidase 1.7.7.1 Ferredoxin—nitrate reductase 1.7.99.4 Nitrate reductase 1.8.1.3 Hypotaurine dehydrogenase 1.8.1.4 Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase 1.8.2.1 Sulfite dehydrogenase 1.8.3.1 Sulfite oxidase 1.8.7.1 Sulfite reductase (ferredoxin) 1.8.99.1 Sulfite reductase 1.8.99.2 Adenylsulphate reductase 1.9.3.1 Cytochrome-c oxidase 1.10.2.1 l-Ascorbate—cytochrome-b5 reductase 1.10.2.2 Ubiquinol—cytochrome-c reductase 1.10.3.3 l-Ascorbate oxidase 1.10.99.1 Plastoquinol—plastocyanin reductase 1.13.11.1 Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase 1.13.11.2 Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase 1.13.11.5 Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase 1.13.11.6 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase 1.13.11.11 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 1.13.11.20 Cysteine dioxygenase 1.13.11.21 ß-Carotene 15,15´-dioxygenase 1.13.11.27 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase 1.13.11.34 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase 1.13.99.1 myo-lnositol oxygenase 1.14.11.1 g-Butyrobetaine dioxygenase 1.14.11.2 Procollagen-proline dioxygenase 1.14.11.8 Trimethyllysine dioxygenase 1.14.12.1 Anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase (deaminating, decarboxylating) 1.14.13.5 Imidazoleacetate 4-monooxygenase 1.14.13.9 Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase 1.14.13.11 trans-Cinnamate 4-monooxygenase 1.14.13.12 Benzoate 4-monooxygenase 1.14.13.39 Nitric oxide synthase 1.14.16.1 Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase 1.14.16.2 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase 1.14.16.4 Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 1.14.17.1 Dopamine ß-monooxygenase 1.14.18.1 Monophenol monooxygenase 1 14.99.1 Prostaglandin synthase 1 14.99.5 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1.14.99.7 Squalene monooxygenase 1.14.99.25 Linoleoyl-CoA desaturase 1.17.4.1 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 1.18.6.1 Nitrogenase

Enzymes available from Sigma

6.3.2.13 6.3.3.1 6.3.4.1 6.3.4.2 6.3.4.3 6.3.4.4 6.3.4.5 6.3.4.7 6.3.4.13 6.3.4.16 6.3.4.17 6.3.5.1 6.3.5.2 6.3.5.3 6.3.5.4 6.3.5.5 6.4.1.1 6.4.1.2 6.4.1.3 6.4.1.4

Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase Aspartate—ammonia ligase Glutamate—ammonia ligase Aspartate—ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) NAD+ synthetase Pantoate—ß-alannine ligase Glutamate—cysteine ligase Glutathione synthase Phosphopantothenate—cysteine ligase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyld-glutamate—lysine ligase UDP-N-acetylmuramate—alanine ligase UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine— d-glutamate ligase UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyld-glutamyl-lysine—d-alanyl-d-alanine ligase UDP-N-Acetyl muramoylalanyl-dglutamate—2,6-diaminopimelate ligase Phosphoribosylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase GMP synthase CTP synthase Formate—tetrahydrofolate ligase Adenylosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinate synthase Ribose-5-phosphate—ammonia ligase Phosphoribosylamine—glycine ligase Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) Formate—dihydrofolate ligase NAD+ synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthetase Asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) Pyruvate carboxylase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase

Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic Membrane

Enzymes available from Sigma

Enzymes available from Sigma

Enzymes available from Sigma

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